Leftovers

• France24 ☛ Nigerian artist transforms ordinary clay into intricate works of art

  In his Lagos studio, Nigerian artist Emmanuel Olatunde is transforming the way portraits are painted, using clay sourced from the earth beneath his feet. The 39-year-old artist has developed a unique technique that turns natural clay into paint, using his background in science and his passion for art.

• Ian Dunt ☛ Nostalgia is a terrible drug - by Ian Dunt - Striking 13

  Why is that? What is he doing that makes him such a perfect emblem for our time? I don’t think it’s about his themes, which are hazy, lightly held and rarely discussed. I think it is his technique. What do you hear when you catch an interview with Nolan? What are they discussing? The technique. Specifically, his preference for analogue: How to wield a massive IMAX camera. Why he won’t email scripts, but insists people read them in person. Why he opts for film. Why he has an aversion to digital effects.

• Joel Chrono ☛ About books and their translations

  Still, I don’t want to think about that, it just came up on its own. For now I’ll just focus on reading a bunch of those old sci-fi on my digital and physical library, and perhaps wether original or translated, know that there is people with heart who have put effort into making these works accesible, and people who are still eager to read and talk about these works with enthusiasm to this day.

• Derek Thompson ☛ The 9 Questions I’m Obsessed With Right Now: AI, Politics, Movies, Drugs, and Western Civilization

  Why are socialism, marijuana, and original blockbusters ascendant? Where do "Western values" come from? Why do modern people torture ourselves with comparison and guilt?

• Chris Enns ☛ Following a Link

  I’ve followed a few different rabbit trails of links into communities and I thought it’d be interesting to post some of the trails here for future navigators of the world wide web. I’m not going to do a lot of explaining of what each thing is, that’s for you to discover if you want by clicking the links.

• Antonio Santos ☛ The small, almost invisible, really important things

  Just like we don’t need to think about those small, almost invisible important things. That is, until something stops working or doesn’t feel right.

• Science / Mathematics / Computer Science

  • [Old] Space ☛ Tycho Brahe: Life, accomplishments and peculiar death

    At his observatory, Brahe kept meticulous observations of the heavens. While most astronomers only focused on observing heavenly bodies at specific, unusual points in their orbits, Brahe intently tracked them in their entire visible orbit across the sky, creating the most precise observations made at the time. Some of his measurements were accurate to half an arc minute, which is especially admirable given that they were all made before the advent of the telescope.

  • Max Bernstein ☛ A quick look at zero-knowledge proofs

    The idea of a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is that there are two parties: the prover and the verifier. The prover asserts that it has a solution to a (generally NP-complete) problem. The prover can convince the verifier of this without sharing the actual solution to the problem.

    The canonical example is 3-coloring a graph. That is, the prover asserts that, for a given (shared) graph, it has a valid 3-coloring. It wants to convince the verifier of this without revealing the actual color assignment.

  • John D Cook ☛ How not to calculate cosine

    Calculus professors with no experience in numerical computing will tell students that computers calculate trig functions with power series. They don’t. I worked on the implementation of trig functions in hardware, and I can assure you we didn’t just use power series.

    Power series are an excellent way to calculate functions near the center of the series, such as computing sine for small angles. But the further you get from the center, the less useful power series are.

  • John D Cook ☛ Calculating the cosine of numbers outside the range of floats

    The key thing that makes this possible is that the least significant digits of n only affect the least significant digits of log(n). In the calculation above I kept the first 16 digits of n. Python couldn’t make use of any more digits, and had no need of any more digits, in order to produce the logarithm to machine precision.

  • Science Alert ☛ World's Biggest Glowing Vertebrate May Be Using Its Own Light as a Hunting Tool

    A shark... with headlights?

  • Science Alert ☛ The Opposite of Déjà Vu Exists And It's Even Stranger

    It's uncanny.

  • Science Alert ☛ A Biological Mechanism Linking Childhood Trauma to Future Health Has Been Discovered

    It leaves us more vulnerable in the future.

  • Science Alert ☛ The Real Reason Group Decisions Beat Solo Ones (Hint: It's Not Averaging)

    More ideas aren't always better...

  • Science Alert ☛ Wild Boars in Brazil Are Spreading Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Scientists Warn

    More than 50% tested revealed a multidrug-resistant infection.

  • Science Alert ☛ Malaria's Drug Resistance Is Becoming Alarmingly Sophisticated, Study Finds

    An early warning.

• Career/Education

  • The Conversation ☛ Museums face growing cyber threats but security remains an afterthought

    The likely thinking of cultural institutions is that to remain financially resilient they have to spend more on money-making attractions, like artwork and exhibitions. However, this means that security sometimes becomes a low priority – less money is spent and less thought given to the importance of keeping it up to date. However, the financial loss from theft affects financial resilience by eroding emergency cash reserves and driving up insurance premiums.

    As the Louvre’s audit shows, the museum could have perhaps avoided the theft had it taken its findings more seriously.

  • Zachary Kai ☛ People and Blogs: Christian

    Most of what I do online comes back to the same few interests: making useful things, learning in public, and trying to keep some version of the old, weird, personal web alive.

  • Becky Spratford ☛ RA for All: NYT Ranks the 50 Best Thrillers of the Century so Far (and I was honored to be one of the experts they asked)

    Anyone who was working in publishing or working with readers in any way in 2012 understood what happened. The Psychological thriller changes from being driven by men and serial killer characters like Hannibal Lecter to the female driven, domestic suspense, fueled by the unreliable narrator that we have now.

• Hardware

  • Tom's Hardware ☛ Scientist says RAM pricing has risen to normalized 2007 levels, AI shortage undid 20 years of progress in a matter of months — memory prices had been falling exponentially for decades

    Software performance expert, scientist, and GitHub developer Daniel Lemire compared historical computer memory prices and showed that decades of falling prices were undone in just a matter of months because of the massive demand for HBM. According to his X post, this event is a historical anomaly, and he cannot think of an instance where technology hardware prices reverted to levels from decades before.

  • Hackaday ☛ Chernobyl’s Robots, Or The Hackathon From Hell

    When the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant’s #4 reactor experienced an extreme criticality event on that infamous day in 1986, the resulting steam explosion and lack of any kind of containment building meant that parts of the core were scattered throughout the site. In an extensive update to the original 2023 video, the [Chornobyl Family] covers the mad scramble to design robots to perform on-the-ground measurements, and ultimately remove all this debris for safe disposal.

  • Jeff Geerling ☛ I'm excited for Intel after testing the XPS 13

    Linux support is specifically not advertised, but I was able to get all hardware functionality working in Fedora 44, including WiFi 7 (I had to plug in a USB Ethernet adapter temporarily to run dnf upgrade)

  • Devices/Embedded

    • The Record ☛ Water utilities group partners with DEF CON offshoot for Water Watch Center

      The Water Watch Center (WWC) will provide direct support to smaller water utilities to mitigate attacks, including the recent string of incidents that have impacted water systems in at least 12 states.

      The program will see five managed detection and response providers work with DEF CON Franklin and the NRWA to offer cyber services for water utilities serving fewer than 10,000 people. There are over 50,000 community water systems across the U.S. and 91% of them serve fewer than 10,000 people.

    • Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications

      • Leon Mika ☛ Native Apps Are Not The Problem

        We’re not going back to a world where app development is scarce (if such a world ever existed). App development is just going to get easier from here on out. It’s high time for the app stores to evolve with the times.

      • Bill Bennett ☛ NZ Direct-to-Cell Satellite Revolution: Gartner Analysis

        While mobile networks cover roughly 98 percent of New Zealand's population, they only reach about 50 percent of the landmass.

        Unlike Australia's metro-centric population, New Zealand has far more people living outside major urban centres. This partly explains low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have seen record per-capita uptake here.

        For mobile operators, direct-to-device (D2D) solves a specific problem.

• Health/Nutrition/Agriculture

  • Federal News Network ☛ Retirement doesn’t make your health benefits simpler. It makes them more complicated

    On this episode of Fed Thread, we look at how federal employees can better prepare themselves for FEHB after retirement.

  • New York Times ☛ Video Captures Chaos as Earthquake Strikes Japan Hospital Mid-Surgery

    Footage shows doctors in Japan clinging to an operating table to protect a patient from the violent tremor. The surgery was completed successfully.

  • Futurism ☛ Kalshi Defends Plan to Bet on Outcomes of Clinical Trials

    "How is this not just another type of 'death market' — like markets for war or assassination — that even Kalshi says it won’t abide?"

  • Futurism ☛ Authorities Alarmed When Person With Measles Spends Entire Day Frolicking Around Universal Studios

    It's an extremely infectious virus — for people reckless enough not to get the shot.

  • Futurism ☛ 33 Students Treated for Deadly Bacteria Exposure When Classroom Experiment Goes Horribly Wrong

    They definitely earned some extra credit.

  • NYPost ☛ North Koreans encouraged to eat ‘nutritious’ dog-meat soup during sweltering summer heat

    North Korean state media is promoting dog-meat soup for locals as a way to combat the sizzling, record-high temperatures currently plaguing parts of the country.

• Proprietary / SaaS

  • So-Called 'Artificial Intelligence' ('AI') / LLM Slop / Plagiarism

    • Futurism ☛ Better Hope You Don’t Need an Ambulance in New Orleans, Because the City’s 911 Operators Are Now AI

      Your house isn't just on fire — it's collapsing in real time.

    • Tom's Hardware ☛ Amazon cracks down on 'CPU waste' among engineers as agentic Hey Hi (AI) crunch intensifies — CPU demand makes low-utilization EC2 instances a hot commodity [Updated]

      Amazon Web Services is telling engineers to slow down on EC2 usage as it struggles to meet CPU capacity demand for external customers.

    • Futurism ☛ Roku Unleashes 24/7 Hey Hi (AI) Slop Channel

      Just what the doctor ordered.

    • Tom's Hardware ☛ Claude Opus 5 mistakenly deletes dev’s entire profile directory during routine backup, responds with 'Sorry, typo' — Hey Hi (AI) tool mistakes user's home directory as temporary backup, proceeds to wipe everything to undo the error

      An Hey Hi (AI) agent got confused with file path conventions and mistakenly deleted its user's entire profile folder. Claude Opus 5 apologized to the user, who called it "the funniest and most painful Hey Hi (AI) moment I've had."

    • Remi Collet ☛ Remi Collet: 🚫 No AI

      Because artificial intelligence competes with humans, especially for our planet’s resources, I’ve chosen my side: the human.

  • Social Control Media

    • Digital Music News ☛ Federal Judge Partially Tosses Designer Shoe Warehouse’s Declaratory Judgment Complaint Against Sony Music — Wider Social Media Infringement Battle Rages On

      A year and change later, a federal judge has partially dismissed the declaratory judgment complaint filed by Designer Shoe Warehouse (DSW) against Sony Music, Universal Music, and BMG. However, the wider copyright monopoly infringement battle, complete with multiple intensifying actions, is raging on.

    • France24 ☛ Meta fined in child safety case

      A US state court has ordered Meta to pay $567 million and restrict some Facebook (Farcebook) and Instagram features for children, in what is being described as the largest child-safety ruling against the company. The court found that Meta had created a “public nuisance” that endangered young users. The ruling comes as dozens of other US states pursue lawsuits accusing the company of harming children and their mental health.

• Security

  • Privacy/Surveillance

    • France24 ☛ Exclusive: WFP to extend Palantir contract despite concerns raised in leaked audit

      The UN's World Food Programme is finalizing a five-year renewal of its contract with US data software firm Palantir despite “key privacy concerns” raised in a leaked 2025 internal audit. The audit, seen by PassBlue and FRANCE 24, reveals UN misgivings about allowing Palantir to process data for the world’s largest humanitarian supply chain.

• Defence/Aggression

  • The Strategist ☛ The drone age demands a new theory of military protection

    Military protection has never existed simply to keep soldiers alive or platforms intact.

  • The Strategist ☛ The real Thucydides trap is inside Western tech

    The following is a speech delivered by ASPI executive director Justin Bassi at the Australian Defence Science, Technology and Research Summit, held in Adelaide from 4 to 6 August 2026.

  • LRT ☛ Tax and social security offices keep serving in Russian, as Vilnius scales back its use

    Vilnius City Council recently announced it will stop accepting requests and complaints from residents in Russian – part of a broader push to reduce the language's role in public life since Russia's invasion of Ukraine. But other state institutions say they have no plans to follow suit just yet.

  • RFERL ☛ US Senate Passes Russia Sanctions Bill Targeting Moscow's Energy Revenues

    The US Senate on August 7 overwhelmingly approved legislation aimed at tightening economic pressure on Russia over its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

  • New York Times ☛ She Is Russia’s Richest Woman. Her Business Empire Is Going Up in Flames.

    As Ukraine repeatedly strikes warehouses of the e-commerce site Wildberries, Tatyana Kim, its billionaire co-founder, faces her biggest test yet.

  • New York Times ☛ What to Know About Wildberries, the Company in Ukraine’s Cross Hairs

    Ukrainian drones have increasingly targeted warehouses belonging to Wildberries, which many Russians rely on as the country’s largest e-commerce business.

  • Latvia ☛ Jokes and art or racism: blurred lines in Latvia

    A controversial parade at a festival has recently sparked the issue of racism in Latvia anew. LSM's Russian-language service has delved deeper into the incident and reported on it in a story on August 7, complete with an English-language video, which you can view above.

  • LRT ☛ Lithuania, Latvia see Kremlin-linked retailer close – but a lookalike raises questions

    Lithuanian authorities are investigating whether the Russian-owned discount supermarket chain Mere, forced to close following European Union sanctions, has re-emerged under a new brand. The country's Minister of the Economy and Innovation has asked the Financial Crime Investigation Service (FNTT) to determine whether newly opened Ola stores are linked to sanctioned Russian business interests and represent an attempt to circumvent EU sanctions.

  • LRT ☛ Lithuanian man detained after driving through closed border checkpoint into Russia

    A Lithuanian man drove through barriers at a closed border checkpoint with Russia and briefly crossed the state border on foot last month before being detained, authorities said Friday.

  • New York Times ☛ Family of Former U.S. Marine Detained in Russia Says He Is in Serious Condition

    Robert Gilman, 32, is in “dissociative stupor,” an advocacy group said, and his family members say they are afraid for his life. Mr. Gilman was arrested in Russia in 2022.

  • LRT ☛ Lithuania freezes assets of Mere operator after EU sanctions on Russian owner

    Lithuania’s Financial Crime Investigation Service has frozen the assets of the local operator of the Russian discount retail chain Mere after the European Union imposed sanctions on the indirect owner of the business.

  • New York Times ☛ Boy Kills Grandparents and Then Five Teachers, Thai Authorities Say

    A student killed his grandparents before opening fire at his high school and shooting himself, the authorities said. The episode revived a debate about gun laws.

  • The Straits Times ☛ Taiwan President oversees coastal strike drill during annual war games

    Lai boarded a fast attack missile boat at a navy base in the southern city of Kaohsiung.

  • France24 ☛ Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan sign defense pact

    Progressive Democrats are hoping to build momentum after left-wing candidate Abdul El-Sayed narrowly defeated an establishment-backed rival in Michigan’s US Senate primary. The race was seen as a test of the party’s future direction, with El-Sayed campaigning on universal healthcare, campaign finance reform and an end to unconditional US military aid to Israel. France 24 International Affairs editor Kethevane Gorjestani shares further insights.

  • RFERL ☛ Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey Sign Joint Defense Pact Amid US-Iran Tensions

    As regional security tensions continue to mount amid the protracted conflict between Iran and the US, the leaders of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey came together on August 7 to sign a joint defense agreement in order to "strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression."

  • France24 ☛ Turkey, Saudi, Pakistan: Attack on one nation deemed an attack on all

    Pakistan, Turkey and Saudi Arabia have signed a mutual defence agreement, under which an armed attack on any one of the three countries will be treated as an attack on all. The pact comes as Saudi Arabia seeks to diversify its security partnerships after repeated attacks on its critical infrastructure amid the war in Iran. France 24 Correspondent Jasper Mortimer from Turkey shares further insights.

  • The Straits Times ☛ South Korea recovers landmines washed from North by floods

    Some 800,000 landmines are estimated to be buried around the Demilitarised Zone.

  • The Straits Times ☛ South Korea ministers clash publicly over North Korea policy as President Lee pushes engagement

    Analysts say any policy differences are likely to be watched closely by Pyongyang.

  • The Straits Times ☛ 3 arrested in Malaysian checkpoint for creating fake immigration movement records

    The suspects, aged between 33 and 41, were arrested during an operation on Aug 6.

  • The Straits Times ☛ Taipei says China’s traffic control order for Taiwan Strait during typhoon is ‘ridiculous’

    Typhoon Dolphin is expected to make landfall on China's east coast late on Aug 7 or early Aug 8.

  • Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Pacific nations fail to agree on statement condemning China missile test

    Pacific diplomats gathered in Fiji failed on Friday to agree on a joint statement condemning China’s recent test of a nuclear-capable missile in the region, with New Zealand’s foreign minister accusing them of appeasing “outsiders”.

  • Federal News Network ☛ Lawmakers seek to expand Space Force training, wargaming to strengthen readiness

    Lawmakers filed the bill text as an amendment to the fiscal 2027 NDAA and will "continue to pursue every avenue to get it passed into law."

  • France24 ☛ Concerts of pro-Assad singers cancelled after protests in Syria

    The concerts of several musicians accused of supporting former Syrian president Bashar al-Assad have been cancelled this summer in towns across Syria. People in the city of Homs tore down posters announcing performances by singers Mohamad Iskandar and Hossam Jneed, denouncing their previous links with the regime. One of the artists publicly apologised.

  • The Straits Times ☛ Philippines says it does not condone threats of violence after anti-China caskets found in Manila

    The caskets contained anti-China messages and bearing photos of Chinese President Pooh-tin Jinping, among others.

  • JURIST ☛ HRW warns Israel’s delays of West Bank ambulances endanger the lives of Palestinian women and children

    Human Rights Watch on Wednesday condemned Israeli forces in the West Bank for blocking and delaying ambulances carrying Palestinians to hospitals with “appalling regularity”, including forcing a pregnant woman in active labor to deliver on the road in an incident that cost the infant’s life.

  • Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine

    • LRT ☛ Storms batter southern Lithuania, toppling trees and damaging buildings

      Powerful thunderstorms swept across Lithuania on Thursday evening and overnight, bringing torrential rain, lightning, strong winds and hail that caused widespread damage, particularly in the southern Dzūkija region.

    • LRT ☛ Germany invites Baltics, Poland for security talks over explosive drone at Leipzig airport

      Germany has invited Poland, the Baltic states, Norway, Denmark and Sweden to security talks following an incident at Leipzig/Halle Airport in which an explosive-laden drone was discovered on airport grounds, German news agency dpa reported.

• Environment

  • The Straits Times ☛ South Korean seniors are choosing airports to stay cool amid record-breaking heatwave

    Usage of facilities raises questions on whether the government's heat-relief measures are effective.

  • New York Times ☛ Photos Show England Turning Brown in Drought

    Beset by historically dry weather, much of the nation is losing its signature hue.

  • Wildlife/Nature

    • Futurism ☛ Google Data Center Announces Plans to Pave Over Protected Wetlands

      "It was determined that meeting the project purpose and completely avoiding water resources was not feasible."

    • The Straits Times ☛ Indonesia battles Mount Bromo wildfire on Java island as El Nino takes root

      In India and South-east Asia, El Nino typically causes drier conditions.

    • Science Alert ☛ Blue Whales Shouldn't Be Able to Hunt The Way They Do. Scientists Have Finally Discovered How They Pull It Off

      If your heart slowed that much, you'd probably pass out.

    • Science Alert ☛ Massive Study of 10 Million Siblings Links Birth Order To Risk of ADHD, Autism

      The order matters.

    • Science Alert ☛ As Ice Melts, Antarctica Is Leaking Mercury Into The Ocean

      More than just melting ice.

  • Overpopulation

    • The Straits Times ☛ South Korea vows truth over forced overseas adoptions

      South Korea was once one of the world’s biggest exporters of babies.

• Finance

  • Futurism ☛ Man Sues Bank for Being Stupid Enough to Give Him a Mortgage Even When Experts Were Warning Him It Was About to Fall Into the Ocean

    "No rational person... would have considered purchasing the Property, and certainly not at the full asking price."

  • New York Times ☛ Mamdani Faces Lawsuit Over Rollout of Second-Home Tax

    Some New York City homeowners are arguing that they have been improperly targeted by the tax on high-end second homes, also known as pieds-à-terre.

• AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics

  • New Yorker ☛ Andrew Weissmann Thinks The Insurrectionist Can Be Held to Account

    The President believes he’s above the law. A former federal prosecutor disagrees.

  • France24 ☛ USA: Democratic party's progressive wing 'can win primaries', but can they win in swing states?

    Stuart Norval is pleased to welcome Steven Ekovich, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at American University of Paris. The Michigan Democratic Senate primary offers a revealing case study of the struggle between ideological conviction and electoral pragmatism. Ericovich argues that while progressive candidates have demonstrated increasing strength within Democratic primaries, particularly in urban and heavily Democratic constituencies, translating that energy into victory in competitive swing states remains a far greater challenge. He suggests that the Democratic Party's internal fragmentation may carry significant strategic consequences, potentially affecting not only the outcome in Michigan but also the party's broader prospects for controlling the U.S. Senate.

  • Marcy Wheeler ☛ Harmeet Dhillon’s Goons Spied on Megyn Kelly to Get to Don Lemon

    Georgia Fort and Don Lemon claim that after a Magistrate Judge challenged the government's effort to get their YouTube information back in February, DHS obtained some of the same information using a Custom summons.

  • New York Times ☛ Prosecutor Sues Justice Dept. Over Dismissal After Right-Wing Influencer’s Claim

    Will Rosenzweig joins a growing list of former prosecutors and federal agents who have gone to court to contest the purge of law enforcement deemed disloyal.

  • Bridge Michigan ☛ Michigan prisons paid millions over inmate deaths, disability discrimination

    The Michigan Department of Corrections paid nearly $7 million to resolve 161 lawsuits and legal claims during fiscal year 2024-25, more than doubling its legal costs from the previous year despite fewer cases.

• Censorship/Free Speech

  • MIT Technology Review ☛ How ideas of a vast censorship network moved from the online fringe to Convicted Felon policy

    This article was produced in partnership with Type Investigations, with support from the Wayne Barrett Project. One morning in April 2025, employees of a small office in the US State Department got the email many of them had been dreading.

  • The Straits Times ☛ Pellet guns, sticks and tear gas: How India’s police halted a youth march

    The evidence suggests security forces exceeded many guidelines for law enforcement in peaceful demonstrations.

  • Hong Kong Free Press ☛ 5 years after arrests, passports returned to 8 figures not charged in Hong Kong 47 subversion case

    Eight people who were not prosecuted in the landmark Hong Kong 47 national security case have been given back their passports by the authorities, more than five years after they were arrested.

• Internet Policy/Net Neutrality

  • Internet Society ☛ How One Alum Helped Build a Community of Internet Leaders

    Amged B. Shwedhy, an Internet Society alumnus, has helped bring Internet governance discussions to Libya.

• Monopolies/Monopsonies

  • Patents

    • Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Rise of Proprietary Chaffbot Company in the Patent System

      OpenAI is now named in more published U.S. utility patent monopoly applications than Adobe or Hewlett-Packard, rising from essentially zero in 2016.

    • Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ SCOTUS: Patent Owner Joins the Section 314(d) Cert Queue

      FedEx's cert petition, No. 26-170, asks whether Section 314(d) bars review when the PTAB refuses to decide a real party in interest dispute.

  • Copyrights

    • Unicorn Media ☛ No Human, No Copyright: The Legal Risk of Vibe‑Coded Software

      Vibe coding promises “no‑code” software development, but it also raises a hard question: if you’re not the human author, can you really slap a GPL header on the project?

    • Citizen Lab ☛ Inside the Fake Copyright Racket Silencing News Outlets

      Journalists and civil society are being silenced by accusations of copyright monopoly infringement, says Alberto Fittarelli in a report by the OCCRP.

    • Digital Music News ☛ Canada Declares War Against YouTube Stream-Rippers—This Time with the Help of IFPI

      Hot on the heels of Music Canada securing a mass court order to block YouTube stream-ripping sites, IFPI takes aim at Musi—after Fashion Company Apple already roughed them up.