𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, February 23, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Wed 24 Feb 02:31:57 GMT 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmUWhatshba3ApHxNCHhTuHS67XuS5vDbeysnCgk3EXonj QmTBzgC9a5YAvAGjNp4uExks66B8fPA9yw9FZoyzrcRKi3 Qmc7b55qCt5y3EP6hWT4ta1uAwTG6XzDPJGnk8W9ibgyxD QmUgLYU6NzYdsPwxzfBk5LNGHN4bRSojDJ1VPKWxUXJG5u QmTjTBLBBouevW5uzG3ohszqRAQEMvXhFjVBKUDKgFm5yV QmXi8EwkmKnaRgWZHgUjV5XejCSD4NExPP9D4NYZieagNa QmdhD5bZU2RWdYb9NVxAjrkp28mM45R8TTMEFzkukK8JWU QmRTYYDYWGusnRs1VNCbHotXnFPXSDYCGVCpks2kHY3LMV QmWRboy3r2TsVs4jD1ukWTvVuYKPfA7fAxMcZVPCw4JdaD QmS5kQC7XM7cx7EjP4hvTQPozshd2reueKci9cJCfnPRNd QmXEHK2QubTfVDK1uRnASYqfRg71omfujwZ1BL2hctbRKL QmcgJMK25sS8KvDP91WGCs8mnD3BshA4mPSR8uGCMM78po QmeidW7C3Nfeo5DgSCuymjXFCNx5k84CW3sDm1xEM1A2vP QmYjM6cB6Z4kvYjHhNvikrBtkxxJu73QFcw85MtznCkPZU QmTuWK5M8BKLKV9kTEfz5BQVkRY8kNjTJSzM4eTkGxvs7a QmVi8wWAB5K8XCTEczCW8tSfWokMSix8hkxfK2nsje5r6w QmR1AGsb7QQmjGiYD6vdxmjmBbmnaNAXuQhLGTmvHVW3Us QmSq5YcztpmMR2UuQfL1yBX7bkKXjs7FKyz6UsnMHPq58B QmXW6ZxAhHeW9g5wHY3DTL6JeZrEoXQw1ghASoRyrNHV4K QmbYNQUWNtVhAQYexu4jom3pG639whDzSgSoVmTABMxaX2 QmQvNZS1LAZnMM4hxFg93Fkzav1osAZoLLmACVyNWTvBEG ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ On Misapplication, Misuse, Overuse and Abuse of Words (to Suit False Narratives) | Techrights ⦿ ’These Questions Remain Unanswered’: Campinos Became Battistelli Just Halfway Through His Term | Techrights ⦿ DDOS Attacks and Decentralisation | Techrights ⦿ How to Set Up a Gemini Server of Your Own, Even on a Simple Single-Board Computer | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, February 22, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ The Word Master is Not Problematic in Most Contexts and Its Origin Hasn’t a Connection to Slavery | Techrights ⦿ The Administrative Council Needs to Fix the EPO While It’s Still Possible | Techrights ⦿ ’The One Percent’: Salary Adjustment Procedure (SAP) Supported Only by 1% of EPO Staff | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/abuse-of-words/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/bad-5-year-plan/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/ddos-and-decentralisation/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/gemini-server-with-agate/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/irc-log-220221/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/minds-of-profound-racists/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/office-reputation-tarnished-epo/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/the-epo-one-percent/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/gemini-and-gopher-on-the-rise/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/neochat-1-1/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 69 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/abuse-of-words/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/abuse-of-words/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ On_Misapplication,_Misuse,_Overuse_and_Abuse_of_Words_(to_Suit_False Narratives)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software at 8:24 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/language-changes.webm Summary: It is looking like the word “abuse” has been extended to basically mean all sorts of things including the act of actually exposing real abuse FREE software requires free speech or begets free speech (vice versa, too). The relationship between those two things goes beyond the word “free”, which is often elucidated further just to clarify that “free software” isn’t “freeware” or “shareware”. It’s not about price but about freedom. “Think about free speech, not free beer…” “In the Free software community, people who never coded and hardly contributed anything meaningful have spectacularly been promoted to (or parachuted into) the very top roles.”Last night Daniel Pocock published an_article about the classification of words and occasional extension of words (to mean things they did not originally mean). He focused on the word “abuse”. Pocock, an Australian, is a natural English speaker, unlike the people who run the FSFE. He’s an Internet communications expert/specialist in the technical sense (things like WebRTC) and he is also a reasonably good speaker, who knows how to communicate difficult subjects and illuminate controversial issues, ethical dilemmas, conflict of interest and so on. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇WebRTC logo⦈ The way we see it, It’s Pocock having a skill or an edge in conveying important issues that makes him a scapegoat or a convenient target for corporate ‘cancel culture’. They’d rather have in charge people too weak to speak out against infiltration, bribes, misuse of funds, and even worse things. We covered this before. Incidentally, we recently became aware of a sort of silent ‘cancel culture’ happening inside the Free software community. Prominent members and longtime contributors to the movement are being targeted for literal deletion (e.g. from Wikipedia). Some people would rather reshape the history and the fabric of our community in a way more convenient to corporate power, leaving in powerful positions rather powerless individuals who allow corporations to fill the vacuum. See the OSI and Linux Foundation for instance. In the case of the EPO, people who barely understand patents (notably Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos) have somehow been shoehorned into the very top position of Europe’s largest patent office. In the Free software community, people who never coded and hardly contributed anything meaningful have spectacularly been promoted to (or parachuted into) the very top roles. It is a recipe for disaster. Except to those looking to undermine the mission statement. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣶⣆⠐⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠀⢀⣴⣶⡿⠿⠿⢿⣶⣄⠀ ⠀⢿⣿⡀⠀⢰⣿⠻⣿⡀⠀⢰⣿⡏⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⣀⣠⣄⣀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠇ ⠀⠘⣿⡇⢀⣾⡏⠀⣿⣇⠀⣾⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⠉⠉⠉⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⡿⠉⠉⠙⣿⣷⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢿⣿⣸⣿⠁⠀⠸⣿⣤⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⡷⠶⠶⠶⠿⠛⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⢻⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⡄ ⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣄⣀⣠⣴⡷⠀⢸⣿⣷⣤⣠⣤⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⠟⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 143 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/bad-5-year-plan/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/bad-5-year-plan/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ ‘These_Questions_Remain_Unanswered’:_Campinos_Became_Battistelli_Just_Halfway Through_His_Term⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:57 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz The Campinos 5-year plan 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇The Campinos 5-year plan/Tenfold: Some staff gives me the benefit of the doubt; I still fool a few people; time for me to pack up and go⦈ Summary: The Central Staff Committee of the EPO highlights the grim situation or the deadlock reached after totally dysfunctional Office management somehow managed to kill off channels of communication, in effect going back to where things were back in 2018 under Battistelli THE ‘Orange Man’ of EPOnia is no king and no champion of dialogue. More and more members of staff are aware of it. He was all along an overhyped dud or “fig_leaf”. “…Campinos has delivered nothing; nothing.”Now that there’s a real issue that needs to be tackled (in terms of diplomacy) Campinos is M.I.A. He seems to have lost his tongue. “Cancelled video conferences to be rescheduled,” says the Central Staff Committee, but according to the Chairman the EPO’s President António_Campinos continues to just stonewall as if the EPO no longer listens to staff at all (prior to that it pretended to listen but would not adopt or implement any proposals). Mr. Benoît Campinos has delivered nothing; nothing. As we’ve just noted, he’s pushing_proposals_for_the_"one_percent", so posturing is of no use anymore. Here’s the letter dated yesterday: Reference: re21020cl-0.3.1/4.4 Date: 22.02.2021 European Patent Office | 80298 MUNICH | GERMANY Mr António Campinos President of the EPO ISAR – R.1081 OPEN LETTER Continuation of social dialogue? Dear Mr President, We take note of your letter dated 16 February 2021 informing the CSC about the developments in social dialogue with SUEPO and your decision to conduct all social dialogue with SUEPO “by written exchange only” instead of face-to-face meetings. We regret this decision. In an intranet announcement you also announce that “face-to-face meetings on social dialogue issues will continue with Staff Representatives.” We would like to refer back to our open letter of 12 February, in which we asked for the reasons for the cancellation of many videoconference meetings with the CSC and for the corresponding invitations to submit comments in writing only1. We also requested to re-schedule the cancelled meetings. These questions remain unanswered. We look forward to a prompt reply. Yours sincerely, Alain Dumont Chairman of the Central Staff Committee ____ 1 See also our intranet announcement. Lack of reply is the modus operandi of Battistelli. Too busy stacking up wine bottles in his rack. “In a letter dated 16 February 2021,” the Central Staff Committee of the EPO says, “the President informed us about the developments in social dialogue with SUEPO and his decision to conduct all social dialogue with SUEPO “by written exchange only” instead of face-to-face meetings. We regret this decision.” “Campinos is already a “lame duck” and he knows it.”He probably does too. There was nothing for him to gain/benefit from it. And it increasingly seems or feels like he’s not really in charge of the Office. What a total embarrassment. “In an intranet announcement,” continues the Central Staff Committee, “the President also announced that “face-to-face meetings on social dialogue issues will continue with Staff Representatives.”” “In our open letter of 12 February,” it’s noted, “we asked for the reasons for the cancellation of many videoconference meetings with the CSC and for the corresponding invitations to submit comments in writing only. We also requested to re-schedule the cancelled meetings. These questions remain unanswered.” There’s similar wording in the open letter to the President, in which they “ask for a prompt reply to these questions.” Don’t expect any answers. Campinos is already a “lame duck” and he knows it. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠸⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢦⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢲⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⣬⣍⡓⠾⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⢸⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢀⡠⣾⡿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠁⠀⢸⣶⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣴⣿⣟⠘⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡟⢾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢁⣾⣿⣿⣏⠦⣭⣵⣿⣷⣲⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡺⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢙⣯⣭⣭⣭⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣉⡍⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡉⢈⣉⣉⣉⣻⣟⣛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣆⠙⢿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣥⣄⠿⣣⡜⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠋⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⣷⡄⠙⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣸⡟⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⣶⣾⣦⡨⡃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣛⣤⣶⡄⣰⣿⣇⠀⠸⣿⡿⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠀⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⠊⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣭⣿⣿⣟⣘⣛⣛⣯⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢿⣇⣴⡆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣩⣴⣿ ⠓⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣓⡑⢌⠛⣛⣉⣉⣈⣭⣭⣭⣭⣉⣉⣁⣉⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⢿⡿⠃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣴⣿⣿⡿⠋ ⣀⣀⣀⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⠍⢦⠱⡄⠀⠿⠿⠯⢩⡇⠁⠁⢸⣿⣿⡉⣹⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⠿⢋⣴⣾⣿⣿⠟⢉⣴⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⡀⣿⣷⣜⠶⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣯⣥⡙⢿⣿⣷⣮⣿⣶⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⢿⡿⢿⡳⠶⠍⠻⡻⠿⡿⠿⠦⠙⠛⠻⠿⠛⠻⢿⣿⠿⢛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠛⠷⠀⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠻⠷⢰⣿⢻⣷⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⠛⣸⡇⣾⡟⠿⠆⠛⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⡟⠃⣿⡟⠃⠿⠟⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⠻⣷⣦⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⠶⠈⠣⠙⠿⣶⡌⠀⣿⡇⢡⣿⢻⣿⠸⣿⡷⠆⣿⡷⠆⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢰⣶⣶⢹⣿⢰⣶⠶⢰⣶⠶⢰⣶⢰⣶⡆⣶⡶⢹⢰⣶⢶⣦⢰⣶⠶⢀⣶⡶⣶⡄⣶⡶⣶⡄⣶⡆⡇⣶⡶⠆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡘⣿⢸⣿⣤⢸⣿⣤⠘⣿⣸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣾⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⣤⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡇⠁⣿⣧⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡷⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢰⢸⣿⣀⡂⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡃⣿⢸⣿⠀⣶⢸⣿⣀⡸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢰⡆⣿⣇⡀⣿⣇⣒⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣍⣥⣭⣥⣿⣬⣩⣼⣬⣭⣭⣥⣭⣭⢥⣍⣭⣴⣿⣬⣭⣴⣿⣬⣩⣭⣥⣍⣛⣩⣤⣍⣥⣿⣧⣭⣭⡁⣭⣭⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢰⣶⡄⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢛⣩⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣤⣦⣽⣭⣭⣭⣥⢨⣭⣭⣽⣯⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⡉⠉⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣸⢸⠀⣠⣾⣿⢏⡵⠲⡝⣿⣝⣻⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⢸⣿⣦⠀⠀⣠⣄⠀⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣶⣄⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣮⣳⣞⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢻⡿⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⣵⠒⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣷⣌⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣿⣟⣛⣛⡛⢘⣛⣛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡇⣨⣱⣝⣚⡧⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⢀⡀⠈⢿⣿⣦⡹⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⠁⠀⠀⢹⣷⠀⠙⠿⣷⣼⣿⡆⠈⣿⣿⣷⣌ ⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⠠⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣭⡍⢹⣿⡗⠸⣿⠇⠈⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣦⣄⠈⠙⠛⠃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⣮⣷⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⢆⢠⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡏⢸⣯⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣄⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⡌⣾⢰⣿⡿⠋⠀⢿⡿⠀⢈⢿⣷⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⠷⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢛⣛⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣘⡛⠛⠛⠑⠘⠛⢸⣿⠁⢀⢀⡾⠁⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣡⣶ ⢀⠀⣈⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⡛⣿⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣟⠛⡏⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⠋⢻⢁⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⠈⠁⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⡏⠄⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⠘⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣩⣴⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣛⡛⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣰⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⢡⣤⡌⣤⣤⡌⣯⣤⡄⣴⢢⣤⣤⡌⣥⡶⣮⡀⣭⣭⣭⡝⣿⢫⣭⣭⢹⣭⡍⢡⣤⣬⢹⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠁⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢁⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⡔⣿⢸⣿⣧⣸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⠇⣙⢸⣿⣿⣼⣿⡇⢸⣿⣤⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣏⠱⣿⢸⣿⡏⠹⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⢸⣿⢸⣿⣼⡇⢸⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣛⣛⣄⣛⣃⣘⣛⠘⡃⢛⣃⣛⢛⣛⣼⣞⣛⢡⣧⣙⣛⣛⠁⢛⣃⣛⣃⣤⣘⡛⠘⢋⣛⣃⣘⣛⣛⣠⡀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⣭⣭⣭⢉⣭⣭⣍⢻⡏⣭⣭⣭⡙⢩⣭⣭⠹⢫⣤⣭⡄⢩⣭⢨⣭⢹⡟⣭⡌⣭⡭⢩⣭⣤⡝⢿⡏⣭⣭⡍⢩⣥⠀⣬⡍⣭⣭⣭⡙⣿⢃⣤⣭⣭⠛⣫⣭⣭⡉⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢸⣿⠁⢸⣿⢸⣿⠈⡇⣿⣿⣸⡇⣸⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⠿⠿⢸⣿⣼⡏⣾⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀⣿⢿⣧⢸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢀⢸⣿⠘⠿⠃⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢀⡇⣿⣿⢩⡅⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡇⣴⣦⢸⣿⢿⣧⢻⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⢉⣥⣾⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣼⢸⣿⠘⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⢛⣉⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⠛⣠⣌⡻⠾⢛⣼⣇⠛⠛⣸⣅⠛⣃⡛⢓⣙⠿⠟⣃⡘⠛⡘⠛⣸⣧⣙⠿⠟⡃⠘⠛⣈⣿⠏⠘⠛⣘⠛⠚⢛⣘⠛⢃⠛⠛⢛⣣⣿⣎⡻⠟⠛⢃⣙⡷⢟⡁⢨⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 369 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/ddos-and-decentralisation/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/ddos-and-decentralisation/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ DDOS_Attacks_and_Decentralisation⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 12:07 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Are you threatening me, Master Jedi? What are your demands? STFU; Pardon me? Stop writing; Make me⦈ Summary: Our server, which is shared among sites, has been under persistent distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks almost every day in recent weeks, culminating in much worse attacks last night, but we’re not too worried anymore LAST night we spent 4-5 hours dealing with DDOS attacks. It was hard to identify patterns and we won’t go into the details as that can help attackers (current and future). The good news is, everything is now in order and we’ve learned a thing or two in the process. Each attack makes us stronger in the sense that it leaves us with a broader toolset by which to counter it (and any attack like it). “Each attack makes us stronger in the sense that it leaves us with a broader toolset by which to counter it (and any attack like it).”DDOS attacks do not really or do not necessarily exploit any weakness in underlying software. It is a brute force thing. Everything has some limits, including network, hardware, and human (operator) capacities. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Lear Meme: DDOS not working anymore; Gotta amass more Windows botnets⦈ At the moment, with Gemini fully working and fully mirroring our (World Wide) Web site, we ought to be more robust to downtimes. IPFS is another form of contingency. We hope that the truly clueless people running the EPO (Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos haven’t the slightest clue about science; they’re just trained to name-drop buzzwords!) understand that their censorship regime, whether by technical means (site-blocking) or ‘legal’ means (sending thugs to threaten us), is outdated and futile. We aren’t claiming that the EPO has anything to do with DDOS, even though staff representatives did accuse the management (more than half a decade back) and we had evidence of some tampering back then. But for sure it’s a lot more difficult to silence us nowadays, partly because the eggs have been put in several baskets and many countries. As it turns out, it’s possible_to_combine_or_chain_Gemini_with_IPFS. For those who don’t know, Gemini is gaining traction very fast (here’s a_video_from_only a_few_hours_ago) and we appear to be the biggest Gemini capsule, which is still being expanded somewhat (tightening some loose ends). █ ⣤⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢻⣿⣿⣿⡘⣿⠇⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣽⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⡿ ⡿⠻⢛⣾⣿⣿⣦⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⢒⣀⣠⣤⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡛⠉⠁⠀ ⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠾⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣀⢿⣯⣤⣠⣤ ⠰⠐⢤⠿⢿⠇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⠀⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠛⣛⣛⣛⣋⣉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣸⣿⠈⠉⠻ ⣦⣤⣈⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣹⣿⡿⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⡻⠇⣸⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠻⠿⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠻⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⢿⠃⠀⠀⠘⡆⠀⠀⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⢰⢻⠀⢻⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⠁⠛⣿⣿⡆⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠄⢠⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣄⢀⠶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡟⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠒⠻⠿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡃⢀⣁⡀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠛⢓⣡⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⢻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣨⣟⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠸⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠰⠲⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣧⠀⠀⠀⢡⠶⠀⠰⠶⠆⠰⠶⠿⠿⠚⠛⠶⠐⠓⠀⠀⠂⠀⠃⠀⠀⠰⠟⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠈⡆⠀⡀⠀⢰⣷⡶⢿⠿⠴⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠛⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡆⠀⡆⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⡀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣋⣉⣉⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⡀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡄⠀⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣛⣛⣟⣛⣿⣿⣏⣛⣉⣉⣙⣉⣩⣉⣭⣭⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠏⠀⢰⣿⣿⡟⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣧⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠁⡧⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡄⠀⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⡀⡀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡇⠀⠈⢹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣬⣭⢹⣭⣽⣿⡿⠉⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠈⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣧⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⣼⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣸⢹⣿⡏⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠠⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣧⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣰⡿⢿⡆⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣿⣶⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀ ⣋⣉⣁⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⡿⠟⠛⠛⠉⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣶⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣬ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠻⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡄⣶⡿⣷⡆⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⡷⣷⡇⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡜⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⢿⣿⣯⡻⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠁⠀⣷⣄⠀⠈⠛⢷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣠⠴⠋⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⡇⠁⣿⣇⣿⣿⠀⣠⡶⣾⣿⠀⠐⠿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤ ⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣠⠤⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣞⣥⡾⠷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣯⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣷⣯⢛⣿⣷⣍⠛⢛⣵⣿⣿⣿⡟⡏⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿ ⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠉⢹⣿⡏⠀⠀⠈⢙⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢠⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣧⣀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⣠⠀⠙⣀⣀⡀⠈⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣤⣄⣀⢠⣦⠀⡀⠀⠄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢱⢉⠀⠀⠉⠉⢁⣀⡉⣉⣉⣭⡀⠀⠈⠁⠀⢠⡄⢀⡄⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢏⣀⣐⣀⣀⣈⣛⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⠀⢠⡾⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣉⣉⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣽⡧⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢑⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉ ⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠠⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢰⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠂⠀⣱⣿⣷⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠈⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠉⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡃⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠻⠿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⡶⠖⠓⠀⠁⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⠃⢿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣼⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡆⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛ ⣤⡤⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣽⡟⡋⣿⡦⣢⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⠋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⢈⣿⣿⢩⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⡕⣿⡶⠀⠲⡶⣾⠷⢷⢶⣼⠤⠀⠋⣟⡿⠽⠿⠽⠟⣻⣶⢶⠶⠄ ⠟⢷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠠⠸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⠠⣿⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣧⣿⡇⠁⠈⠀⢈⣹⣟⠉⣺⡴⠀⠐⠠⠀⠀⠰⠤⡄⠐⠒⠾⠙⠌⠆⠁ ⣤⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣭⣽⡇⠀⢀⡀⠉⢉⡉⢉⡍⠀⣩⣿⣿⢩⣭⣭⣾⣭⢭⡶⣭⠉⠈⠉⣈⠉⠁⠈⠭⠉⡁⢉⠀⠀⠨⡿⣹⣫⣽⣷⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠄⠄⠀⢰⠇⠠⠄⠀⠠ ⣁⣄⣀⣤⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠀⠀⠸⢰⡟⣿⡟⠀⣍⣛⣋⣙⢩⣅⣙⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠟⠘⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢠⠜⠓⣨⣯⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠗⠀⠀⠀⠈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠂ ⠉⠉⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢹⣿⡇⠤⠀⠀⠠⠄⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠃⠀⡀⢿⡏⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠄⠤⠷⠇⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢁⡀⣸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡷⣷⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠁⠈⡈⠁⠀⢾⣧⠗⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣲⣶⣶⣆⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⡛⠛⠋⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠷⠞⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠙⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡖⣦⣖⣴⢶⣶⡆⠀⣤⠄⠀⢠⠜⣍⣷⡤⠤⠙⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡎⠙⠟⢿⣿⣥⣿⣿⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⠀⣶⣶⣆⢰⣶⣦⣶⡆⣿⣿⣾⠀⢰⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢠⣿⣄⣙⣋⣈⣡⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣠⣤⣰⣶⡇⠏⠿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣯⡝⠏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡛⠋⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣏⣡⣶⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⢶⣬⣭⣿⣿⡋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠛⠘⠛⠚⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⢻⣿⣿⣟⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠛⢛⠻⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠗⠀⠚⠀⠐⠁⠈⠁⠀⠉⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⠃⢀⣤⡾⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣡⣶⢟⣿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⣼⡿⣿⣿⠟⣋⣴⣿⠟⣡⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡴⠀⠻⠇⢋⣠⣾⣿⡿⢋⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣶⡶⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⡿⠋⣴⡿⠃⠀⠔⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣯⣙⡛⢫⣽⣛⠻⣫⣭⡛⢛⣭⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣈⡙⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⡃⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣤⣾⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⡇⠻⣧⡉⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣝⠷⣦⣤⣄⣡⣤⣿⣟⡻⢿⣿⣟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣝⡛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣸⡿⢸⣇⣿⠇⣿⣸⡇⢲⣎⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠳⣬⣉⣽⣿⣿⡟⠛⢿⣶⣝⡿⣷⣄⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣌⡙⠻⢿⡿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠾⠶⡵⠾⠶⣮⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⡟⡿⠟⠀⠐⠀⠙⢿⣷⣌⠻⡆⢳⣦⣄⡉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣧⢸⠁⣿⢹⡆⠛⣿⢛⡇⣿⣠⣿⢰⣿⢸⡏⣷⢸⣿⢻⡆⣿⣷⡟⢸⡇⣿⣇⣿⢰⡟⢿⡎⣿ ⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣷⣄⠉⠻⢦⠙⠀⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⡿⣿⠀⣿⢸⡇⠀⣿⢸⣷⢹⣿⢿⣿⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⢻⡆⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⣿⢻⣿⢸⡇⢲⡆⣿ ⠀⢉⠉⠉⢉⣡⡄⢠⡄⠀⠀⠙⠻⠓⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⣀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣜⣃⣛⣢⣙⣛⣡⣆⣛⣼⣿⣜⣛⣀⣛⣣⣜⣛⣋⣜⣛⣘⣃⣛⣋⣛⣘⣃⣛⣀⣛⣬⣛⣛⣣⣿ ⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠻⠿⠄⠳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣶⡌⣴⡎⣶⢰⡎⣶⢰⣶⣉⣶⡎⣵⢶⣌⢱⡶⣮⠁⣶⠶⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣈⠙⠿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⡇⢻⣷⣿⠀⣿⡏⢸⡟⣿⢻⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⡷⣿⠀⣿⠶⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⡿⢿⣿⡿⠶⣦⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠹⠷⠸⠈⠿⢀⠽⢇⡸⠇⠿⠸⠇⠻⠼⢟⠸⠇⠿⠀⠿⠶⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢤⣠⣤⣦⣤⡴⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣷⣈⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣌⠻⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⣠⣿⣿⣇⡿⡸⡸⢇⡻⠾⣃⠿⡸⣘⠷⢆⣇⡿⢇⠿⢇⡿⣸⢇⡿⡸⠷⢟⣘⠷⢟⣸⠿⣸⠿⣈⠷⢟⣸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣡⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⢭⡙⣭⢭⡩⣭⡭⢩⡉⡍⣭⡭⢭⣭⢍⡭⣭⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⡿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⡌⣧⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢺⡅⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⢸⢷⡇⣿⠶⡀⣿⠈⡳⣦⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣚⣣⣛⣚⣡⣘⣃⣘⣘⣃⣛⣒⣀⣛⣄⣓⣛⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣣⡟⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⡇⢯⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣄⠣⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 580 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/gemini-server-with-agate/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/gemini-server-with-agate/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ How_to_Set_Up_a_Gemini_Server_of_Your_Own,_Even_on_a_Simple_Single-Board Computer⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Servers at 8:33 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Gemini Turntable⦈ Summary: Using Agate to start one’s own Gemini capsule (self-hosted) is a lot simpler than one might be inclined to believe; this is a detailed HOWTO, hoping to encourage more people to join Gemini space, which is fast-growing and free of garbage THE one thing that stunned me was how easy it was to set up a Gemini server. A lot simpler than setting up a Web server. The harder part is certificates, but that too is trivial once it’s done a couple of times, potentially with errors at first. Here’s a quick recipe for setting up one’s own instance and Gemini capsule. First, create a new user’s account. Gemini ought to have its own account, as it’ll make things a lot simpler (backup, permissions etc.) and for the sake of this example we’ll assume the user account is “gemini” (with home directory / home/gemini) Then, in the user’s top-level (home) directory: mkdir gemini bin certs This will set up directories for the capsule, the programs, and the certificates, respectively. There’s not so much left to do now. Go to the directory gemini (e.g. cd ~/gemini/ or equivalent using a graphical file browser) In that directory, create or place a file called index.gmi It can be empty or contain something simple like Hello world! (just to make sure that the server is set up and works) Now let’s get the server software. Go to the bin directory (e.g. cd ~/bin/). For most practical purposes agate (Apache Licence) seems to be OK and it supports quite a few architectures. Unfortunately it’s hosted on GitHub (Microsoft), with latest versions shown at the top of this_page. If you are not sure what architecture to choose, run uname -a The correct binary can be downloaded using a Web browser or a tool like wget/ curl. That program is quite small and needs to be placed in bin in order to stay consistent with this manual. Unpack and set ‘executable’ (x) permission for the file, e.g. using gunzip [binary_file] chmod +x [binary_file] Depending on the name of the binary file in question. For my ARM SBC it is gunzip agate.armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf.gz and chmod +x agate.armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf All the pieces are now in place except the certificate and the service setup. On a systemd-based operating system create a new file at /etc/systemd/system/ agate.service It should look something like this: [Unit] Description=agate After=network.target [Service] User=gemini Type=simple ExecStart=[your settings] [Install] WantedBy=default.target Wherein [your settings] ties together the program, the root directory for hosting (capsule), and the certificate. In the case of Techrights on ARM, it’s something as follows: /home/gemini/bin/agate.armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf -s –content /home/gemini/ gemini/ –key /home/gemini/certs/key.pem –cert /home/gemini/certs/cert.pem –hostname your hostname –lang en-GB In our case, your hostname is gemini.techrights.org (how you set up your hostname may depend on how you manage domains and where). That hostname needs to point to your device’s IP address. All that’s left now is certificate setup and service initiation. Go to the certificates directory (e.g. cd ~/certs/) as this will likely involve the command line (unless you have some graphical tools that do the same). A simple self-signed certificate ought to be sufficient: openssl req -new -subj “/CN=your hostname” -x509 -newkey ec -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:prime256v1 -days 365 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout key.pem That’s for 1 year. It can be set to anything. The command then leaves the two files required by the service/server, namely cert.pem and key.pem. These can be modified and regenerated at any time, so there’s no need to worry if at any point they’re wrongly generated or made for the ‘wrong’ domain. To get it all started, assuming systemd: sudo systemctl restart agate sudo systemctl enable agate Use a Gemini browser (or Web proxy) to then test access to the hostname over gemini:// (it will attempt to connect over port 1965, so make sure there’s no firewall standing in the way at the level of the device or the network it is in). This is pretty much it, with the exception of variation for non-systemd systems. All that systemd does is, it starts the server using the suitable command and arguments, even after restarts. That command can instead be run manually, or set up for any init system of choice. The hardest part is setting up the domain, generating the key/certificate correctly, and then lowering the filters (if any) to allow access over port 1965. We don’t typically do HOWTO-type articles, but for this one we make an exception. If you get stuck, ask us in IRC for help. Gemini needs to grow and for faster growth we need to help one another. Agate is quite small and simple. As of the time of writing, it_does_not_support server-side_CGI_scripts (for something like in-capsule search), but Gemini ought to be kept light and simple anyway; we’re not trying to just replicate the bloated Web. █ Credit: Chris Were, for some initial notes and suggestions. gemini:// chriswere.uk/ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⠀ ⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠄⠁⠀⣁⣀⣠⣼⣼⣦⣤⣀⣤⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⢀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀ ⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⠟⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀ ⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣚⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠬⠙⠟⠻⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⡻⠝⠋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 814 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/irc-log-220221/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/irc-log-220221/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_February_22,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:16 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  Qmb21W98mpYVdZ2iJXQj5UkbJ7NoLBF7SuukBpJLjGAtBd #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmeqS1wYERksUoBzKfXNXMz1VfNcJPMU8B5MNjiJYV7tQL (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell- 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(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/minds-of-profound-racists/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/minds-of-profound-racists/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_Word_Master_is_Not_Problematic_in_Most_Contexts_and_Its_Origin_Hasn’t_a Connection_to_Slavery⠀✐ Posted in Deception at 9:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇You are quite the master chef!... thank you!⦈ Summary: Slavery is to the word “master” mostly disconnected; it might, however, be closely connected in the minds of racists or the agenda of highly racist_corporations_(profiting_from_racism) that look for ways to distract from their racism As we've_just_noted, the word “abuse” seems to be the latest to lose its meaning. People who expose real abuse are being accused of “abuse” and last night Daniel Pocock published an_article_which_explains_that_in_relation_to "main"_and_"master". We recently did a number of articles and videos about that, seeing that the Linux_Foundation lends the trademark “Linux” to racist companies, ever so eager to mislead the public and rewrite their dark past/ history. “There I was thinking that we generally live in a society where older people could be “masters” to the young ones, where schools have “headmasters”, Web sites have “webmasters”, and one could enroll for a Masters Degree, even in Racial Studies.”I personally did not realise that the word “master” was so racially sensitive until corporations — or think tanks of large corporations — told me so (with corporate media as their outlet of choice). There I was thinking that we generally live in a society where older people could be “masters” to the young ones, where schools have “headmasters”, Web sites have “webmasters”, and one could enroll for a Masters Degree, even in Racial Studies. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Up the master volume so I can be heard better⦈ We moreover have the word “master” everywhere in sound engineering, in cooking (e.g. master chef, which can be of any race, age, or gender), and there are metaphors that oughtn’t offend anyone, e.g. “mastermind” and many_more_examples_here, assuming Wikipedia is sort of objective (which it is not). It has a whole article dedicated to the “master/slave” issue. It seems like more of a political article and it is heavily guarded. Let’s examine the origin of the word “master”, as per British dictionaries. Oxford Dictionary gives_about_a_dozen_different_meanings and Cambridge Dictionary has_this_very_long_entry, including: …an original of something, such as a document, recording, or film, from which copies can be made Nothing even remotely racial about this. On the origin of the word we have this from_an_authoritative_source or sources: late Old English mægester “a man having control or authority over a place; a teacher or tutor of children,” from Latin magister (n.) “chief, head, director, teacher” (source of Old French maistre, French maître, Spanish and Italian maestro, Portuguese mestre, Dutch meester, German Meister), contrastive adjective (“he who is greater”) from magis (adv.) “more,” from PIE *mag-yos-, comparative of root *meg- “great.” The form was influenced in Middle English by Old French cognate maistre. From late 12c. as “man eminently or perfectly skilled in something,” also “one who is chief teacher of another (in religion, philosophy, etc.), religious instructor, spiritual guide.” Sense of “master workman or craftsman, workman who is qualified to teach apprentices and carry on a trade on his own account” is from c. 1300. The meaning “one charged with the care, direction, oversight, and control of some office, business, etc.” is from mid-13c.; specifically as “official custodian of certain animals kept for sport” early 15c. (maister of þe herte houndes; the phrase master of the hounds is attested by 1708). As a title of the head or presiding officer of an institution, late 14c.; as “captain of a merchant vessel” early 14c. In the broadest sense, “one who has power to control, use, or dispose (of something or some quality) at will,” from mid-14c. Also from mid- 14c. as “one who employs another or others in his service” (in which sense the correlative word was servant, man, or apprentice); also “owner of a living creature” (a dog, a horse, also, in ancient contexts a slave); paired with slave in the legal language of the American colonies by 1705 in Virginia. That last sentence, alluding to 5 centuries later, indicates that master (putting aside its Latin and French origins) in relation to slave was a very belated concept or context. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Teach me more, master. Be patient, young man.⦈ In a world where corporations increasingly imprison people (and prisons too have become private corporations) it’s likely we’ll need both terms, “master” and “slave”, at least in some contexts. Letting them be monopolised for reasons like sensitivities/sensibilities would lead to restriction on language and limitation on the expression of particular ideas, such as resistance to corporate takeover (sometimes_in_service_of_genocide). █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣷⣦⣄⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠂⠀⢀⡀⠤⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣶⣿⠿⡈⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣄⣴⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠁⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⣥⣤⣤⣝⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⡿⠷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⢛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢠⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢱⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠗⠈⡁⡉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣤⣤⣍⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠁⣴⡏⣋⣉⣳⣦⠈⢿⣿⡿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠰⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡇⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⢺⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⠆⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⠿⠛⠿⠀⠀⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣟⣿⠿⡿⠿⠟⠋⠀⣤⣠⣄⣤⣄⣿⣿⡗⡄⣤⡄⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⢀⣤⣤⢠⣭⡝⣯⣭⣭⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣆⣽⣶⣶⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣟⣷⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⢸⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⢸⡷⠆⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠈⠛⠋⢹⣿⣷⣾⣯⣟⣟⣿⣧⣟⣷⣯⣿⢯⣼⣛⣧⣿⣴⣟⠘⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠘⣿⠛⣿⣿⣾⣟⡃⢸⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⢹⣿⢟⢻⡟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣎⣷⡟⣷⢹⣿⡇⣿⡓⣿⡛⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠃⠒⠓⠒⢦⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣄⠀⣀⣠⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣯⡁⢸⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣼⣿⡇⢸⡇⣿⣍⣿⣿⡏⢹⣇⣶⢸⣿⡇⣿⣉⣿⠉⣿⠀⣠⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡔⢠⢤⡠⠀⠀⢈⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⢠⢀⣠⣦⣤⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣶⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⣤⢀⣤⣠⣽⣶⠂⠐⣲⢶⣶⠶⠤⠓⠺⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠼⠂⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⠀⠀⠰⢸⣿⣿⣿⢏⣴⣿⣿⣭⣕⠢⠀⠠⣀⣠⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠛⢠⠀⠐⣀⢠⠙⣿⣿⢿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣀⣠⣉⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡄⢸⣿⣿⠏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠁⢸⣏⡄⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠟⣸⡏⡟⠀⠀⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⢹⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣋⣉⣿⡏⠙⣹⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⣭⣸⣿⣿⣇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠆⣬⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣼⡿⢋⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⢻⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠏⠁⢻⣿⣿⠖⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣡⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⣿⢡⣿⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⢰⡏⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⢶⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠁⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣾⣿⣟⣿⣸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣦⣀⣄⠈⣻⣿⠛⠛⠿⢿⣷⢠⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣰⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣟⡻⣿⢛⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⢛⡛⠛⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⡻⠛⠋⡟⡟⣛⡛⠛⠛⠋⢨⡤⣿⢥⡏⠈⠁⠀⣤⣴⡇⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣤⡿⠁⠀⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⠶⠾⣦⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠁⠀⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⣼⣿⣧⠀⢀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⣀⣐⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣄⣒⣛⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣁⣀⣁⣷⣶⣿⣿⡟⠛⠁⠀⠚⡆⠀⠀⠙⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣧⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⠭⠿⣩⣿⣿⢼⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⡆⠀⣀⣿⣭⣿⣯⣭⣽⣿⣭⣽⣿⣭⣿⠿⠭⡭⠝⠛⢻⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣩⡿⢠⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢺⣿⣟⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⢯⡧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣶⣤⡆⠀⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢰⣿⣇⠾⠛⠁⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣿⡿ ⣰⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣗⣀⣀⣀⣈⣈⣤⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣤⣭⣭⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣫⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣤⢣⣤⣄⣤⡄⠀⣤⡄⣤⡄⣠⣴⣤⡀⣤⣬⣭⣭⢩⣭⢽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣯⣿⣿⣦⣤⣝⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢹⣷⣿⠃⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⢹⣿⣧⢸⡇⢸⣽⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⢸⣥ ⠹⣿⠿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⡾⣿⣿⣸⣇⡘⣯⣿⣿⣟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠻⠟⠀⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠟⠸⠿⠸⠿⠸⠿⠘⠿⠋⠿⠇⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠛⠿⠟⠃⠙⠿⠿⢋⡸⠿⢸⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣧⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠁⠀⣀⣀⣠⡤⠴⠴⠤⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⢹⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠆⠁⠀⡀⢔⠊⠒⠋⣀⣠⣶⣾⣭⣿⣿⣿⣳⢥⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⣧⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣠⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣑⠈⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢳⡄⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⡔⠋⠁⢀⣴⣿⣿⣴⣾⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣛⢦⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣷⣄⠀⡇⠀⠈⠟⠁⠀⢠⣾⣿⣼⣿⡟⠁⣀⣤⣾⣷⣶⣦⣄⣳⣤⣦⣶⣿⣦⣤⣄⡀⠙⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂ ⠀⡴⠋⠀⠀⣠⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿⣫⣾⣿⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣵⣉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣠ ⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠮⠔⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣇⣦⠀⠀⠀⠘⠊⢛⡾⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡅⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣾⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠠⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠸⡟⠃⠀⢠⠀⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣔⣽⠰⡑⡀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣦⣎⢂⣶⠀⡇⠀⠒⠒⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⠀⠀ ⠘⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢆⡏⠃⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⢰⣮⡀⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣽⠛⠛⠛⠋⢿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠉⢀⢽⠾⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠦⠀⠉⠙⠻⠟⣱⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⢋⣥⣆⣀⣤⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠸⠀ ⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣠⣐⣦⣤⣤⣦⡬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⡛⠻⣏⣥⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡇⠐⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠹⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⠻⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣴⣿⣷⣶⡀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣾⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⠖⠋⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠟⠛⣋⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣿⡿⠿⠿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣬⣍⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠐⠒⠚⠛⠟⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⢯⣿⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⠆⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣋⣼⣿⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠼⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠞⠀⠀⣀⠤⠒⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣾⣿⠋⣠⢁⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠤⠀⣠⣶⣶⣦⢤⣤⣠⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⡿⣿⢟⡻⣛⢟⣛⣒⢶⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢀⣀⡀⡶⣛⡻⣛⣻⢟⣁⣴⢿⣉⡀⣀⣇⡀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠉⢉⡻⣿⡻⣓⣂⠀⣀⠀⣀⣉⣉⣙⣛⢛⣛⢛⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣆⡈⣿⡏⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⡡⡇⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⡇⢿⣟⡓⢹⣿⠁⣿⣉⢸⣏⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣏⡱⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢸⣇⣿⢸⣿⣽⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⣿⡁⡇⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⢸⣿⠀⣿⣍⢸⡏⣿⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠇⣿⣀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⣯⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠒⠛⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⣬⣥⢉⣥⣬⠩⠈⣭⢻⢟⣭⣬⠓⣭⣬⢫⣥⢫⡝⠈⣬⣥⡍⣤⣭⠈⢩⣥⣤⡍⣤⣭⢩⣬⡅⢩⣤⣄⢩⣥⣤⠉⢡⣤⣭⡁⣬⣭⣤⣬⣬⣥⣭⡌⣭⣥⢠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢷⣍⢸⡇⣿⡇⠀⣿⠘⢸⡇⠛⠃⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⡇⠀⣿⢼⡇⣿⡧⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⠤⢸⡿⣇⢸⡧⣟⢸⡇⣿⠀⢸⣿⢼⡃⣿⠤⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⠄⢸⡷⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢧⠿⠘⢧⠿⠃⠀⠿⣸⣼⢧⡿⠻⠿⠻⠿⠇⠻⠇⠀⠿⠼⠇⠿⠷⠀⠸⠿⠿⠇⠿⠶⠿⠟⠿⠸⠇⠿⠸⠧⠿⠀⠸⠿⠼⠇⠿⠶⠀⠿⠀⠸⠿⠀⠿⠶⠺⠇⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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The_Administrative_Council_Needs_to_Fix_the_EPO_While_It’s_Still_Possible⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:53 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-sap-survey.webm Summary: EPO staff and former staff (pensioners) aren’t happy and the it’s the responsibility of the Administrative Council to do something before it’s too late (the reputation of the Office is already severely harmed and it’s unable/ unwilling to recruit suitable and qualified people, both as examiners and managers, respectively) AS noted earlier this morning, the EPO‘s President António_Campinos continues to resemble Benoît_Battistelli, whose recruits and family members seem to be telling Campinos how to run the Office. The latest letters aside, I’ve decided to record my personal views and interpretation of the current situation. In a lot of ways, as is gradually becoming evident, Campinos quickly becomes an “empty suit” or a lame duck. He doesn’t have the charisma or the authority it takes to run the Office and we predict that the Administrative Council will seriously consider whether his time is running out. He has clearly failed to establish a meaningful social dialogue with his staff. “It’s the responsibility of the Administrative Council to correct this.”These scenarios typically escalate in several stages. First, the Administrative Council needs to recognise that Compinos has indeed failed to secure peace at the Office. Workers were on strike a couple of months ago. Second, it needs to understand that this is the fault of Compinos and his cabal (mostly people not qualified for the job). Then, finally, steps need to be made to signal to him that his time is running out and his term becomes ‘probational’. Based on months-old reports, some prominent delegates in the Administrative Council are already asking some tough questions. Will campinos be ousted by the Administrative Council before the end of his term? Will they terminate his contract prematurely (with compensation)? Will the Administrative Council finally recognise that a change of President alone is insufficient? A decade or so of nepotistic influx has harmed not only the credibility of the Office but the way it is (mal)functioning. It’s the responsibility of the Administrative Council to correct this. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1218 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/23/the-epo-one-percent/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/23/the-epo-one-percent/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ ‘The_One_Percent’:_Salary_Adjustment_Procedure_(SAP)_Supported_Only_by_1%_of EPO_Staff⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:14 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Featured Knightfall I didn't give you permission: EPO Management, Campinos, EPO, SAP; Now on to pensioners...⦈ Summary: Out of 2,237 EPO workers who expressed their position on the SAP, which in essence lowers their salary, only 31 expressed support for it (that’s 1.385%) “Final results of the petition” regarding the SAP, say the staff representatives to the people whom they represent (EPO workers), show that 2191 workers are against the SAP, only 31 are in favour of the SAP, and 15 have chosen to abstain. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇I'll be your master: You have to tighten your belt. Huh? So we can gamble with more money⦈ “The EPO Pensioners’ Association has also prepared a similar petition and more than 1000 of its members have signed it,” say the staff representatives. As a reminder, the EPO President António Campinos goes after_pensioners_(past_workers), not just current workers. Some say this policy started with a controversial_hiring in 2017 under Benoît Battistelli, the plunderer_in_chief. “We strongly believe,” say the staff representatives, “that the combined effect of the two petitions and the December 2020 strike give a strong signal which cannot be ignored.” “Some say this policy started with a controversial hiring in 2017 under Benoît Battistelli, the plunderer in chief.”“In this open letter,” they note, “we informed the Heads of Delegation of the Administrative Council of the results.” Here is the full letter: Reference: sc21023cl – 0.3.1/3.1/0.2.4 Date: 19.02.2021 To the Chairman and The Heads of Delegation of the Administrative Council of the European Patent Organisation OPEN LETTER Staff Petition against the Implementation of the New Salary Adjustment Procedure Dear Mr Chairman, dear Heads of Delegation, More than 2000 EPO employees have voted in favour of the attached petition against the implementation of the new Salary Adjustment Procedure (SAP). This is remarkable, especially in view of the circumstances under which it took place1. The final results of the petition are as follows: 2191 against_the_SAP 31 in favour of the SAP 15 abstentions In accordance with the terms of the petition the CSC is urging the Delegations in the Administrative Council: • to postpone the application of the capping mechanisms of the new Salary Adjustment Procedure, • to maintain in the meantime the Salary Adjustment Procedure without capping, • to reopen the discussions with the Staff Representation with a view to finding a workable agreement on an amended new Salary Adjustment Procedure which respects the principles of parallelism with salary evolution of national civil servants and equality of purchasing power in all places of employment taking into account in a commensurate manner the long-term sustainability of the EPO. 1 E.g. teleworking associated with the pandemic, the refusal by the Office to let us inform all colleagues on an individual basis using their official email address ===================================================================== For your information the EPO Pensioners’ Association has also prepared a similar petition and more than 1000 of its members have signed it. We strongly believe that the combined effect of the two petitions and the December 2020 strike give a strong signal which cannot be ignored. Yours sincerely, Alain Dumont Chairman of the Central Staff Committee Annex: Petition The petition from the Central Staff Committee was circulated a long time ago and reposted_here_as_HTML. It’s inevitable that some of its many recipients would want us to see it. We can’t help wondering who voted in favour (or why). Roberta Romano-Götsch and the likes of her? █ ⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡀⢠⣭⣤⡄⣬⣤⣼⡛⣫⣭⣿⡻⣿⣫⣭⣭⢻⣽⡿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⢩⣿⢏⣤⣬⣿⣟⣭⣥⣜⣿⣭⣥⡄⣭⣿⣿⣧⣤⢨⣭⣿⣯⣭⡟⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡝⠀⠿⠛⠉⣉⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀ ⣿⡾⣻⣿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⢸⣿⣏⡁⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⠸⠿⣾⣿⣏⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣏⣿⣿⣷⣿⡏⣽⣿⡏⠁⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣼⣿⣼⣿⡟⠳⢸⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⢛⡅⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣯⣿⣧⣿⡿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢹⣿⡟⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⡇⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠺⠻⣿⠋⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣠⡸⠿⠿⢇⠿⠿⣼⣧⡻⠿⠿⠃⠀⠸⠿⠸⠟⠿⠧⠿⢏⣿⣿⡿⢇⣿⢿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣼⣿⢿⣿⣼⠿⠿⠇⠿⠏⠿⠹⠿⢸⣿⣿⡿⠿⠏⣿⣇⣾⡿⢇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⣠⣾⡄⠀⢈⣽⣿⣿⣛⢟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡟⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣠⡄⠀⢨⠿⢟⣫⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠋⣡⠷⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣿⣧⣠⣿⠛⠛⣵⣿⣿⠟⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠸⣿⡇⣼⡟⣧⡄⣠⣄⣤⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣆⢠⡄⢂⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡏⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⡠⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣰⣿⡧⣾⠀⠉⢱⣿⣿⣿⣦⠺⠿⣿⣿⣿⣡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡑⠀⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠃⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣎⠋⠹⣿⣧⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣾⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⢺⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣤⣄⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠈⣻⠟⣻⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡚⡁⢀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣬⣽⣿⡿⢿⣿⣼⣿⣉⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠀⣈⣛⣛⣿⡷⠟⣡⡾⠏⠘⠛⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡿⠋⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠃⠛⢿⣦⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠹⠿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣤⣶⣾⡇⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢰⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣿⠟⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠀⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣷⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣯⣴⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⢿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡠⣐⣃⡻⣿⣿⣇⡀⢀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣐⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿ ⣀⢹⣿⢻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⡻⠿⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮ ⣿⢸⣿⢨⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠿⠃⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢈⣻⢿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡸⣿⣾⡿⢹⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⢿⣿⠸⣿⣾⡿⠸⣿⣾⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠀⡛⠿⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣶⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⣀⣤⡶⠟⠃⠀⠤⢬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⠿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢖⣶⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣷⢠⣾⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠛⠚⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⣶⣿⢡⣿⡟⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⣾⣿⢸⣿⠻⠈⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⡏⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⣾⡏⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⡌⢛⣿⠻⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡼⣿⣧⣿⠇⢿⣧⣿⡏⣸⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⡼⠙⣦⣼⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠾⢿⣮⣭⡵⠾⠦⠭⠭⠶⣿⠦⠭⠥⡭⠥⠍⠥⠬⠭⠤⠭⠭⠴⠬⠍⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠺⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠿⣿⡿⢇⣾⡿⣷⡜⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢰⣾⢿⣷⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⠿⣿⡿⠇⣿⡿⠇⣿⣧⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣈⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡷⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⢨⣭⡁⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣷⡆⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⣷⣤ ⠀⠸⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⡿⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣧⡄⣿⡏⣿⣿⠘⢻⡿ ⣀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣠⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣿⣷⡀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣵⣷⣭⣭⣭⣾⣿⣷⣭⣭⣶⣭⣭⣶⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣥⣭⣥⣧⣭⣥⣤⠉⣉⢁⠉⠁⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠕⠚⠛⠛⠉⢁⣀⡀⠝⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣶⢱⡶⢩⣶⢶⣮⢱⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡶⣶⡍⣿⢱⣶⣶⣶⡉⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⠀⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⢇⢼⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡇⣼⢸⣿⣧⣿⠃⣿⣿⣤⢸⣿⢰⡆⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⢸⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⢸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣟⣁⢸⣿⣘⠃⣿⣿⢸⣧⣤⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣻⣼⣮⣛⣛⣫⣦⣝⣛⣫⣤⣛⣃⣛⣃⣼⣘⠛⠛⠛⠁⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠛⠀⠛⠋⡼⣿⡿⢷⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠊⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢦⡆⠰⣂⣀⡲⡒⠦⠶⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣇⣬⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⣷⣽⣶⣴⢦⣿⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣏⣋⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⢿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣾⣷⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⢶⣆⡀⠁⢨⣿⣉⡉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⢊⣽⡗⡠⠄⠂⠈⡁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠀⢀⣾⣿⡿⢟⣭⠶⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠋⠀⢠⡤⣄⠀⣸⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠃⠈⠻⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⡍⣤⣤⢡⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢠⣴⣦⡄⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠻⠤⠾⢠⣿⣿⡏⠀⡔⠒⣄⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠒⠰⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⣨ ⠠⠄⣠⡀⣢⠾⠃⣿⣧⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡇⠛⠛⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠉⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢺⡉⠉ ⠴⠐⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡏⣿⡇⠽⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠛⠛⠈⠻⠿⠛⠘⠛⠃⠛⡃⡙⠛⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣶⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⢿⣶⣦⣳⣾⣗⢶⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⣍⡂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⡆⢀⡀⣉⣪⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣯⡻⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠺⣿⢿⣯⣽⣿⣿⡿⠟⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠛⠿⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣚⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣵⣿⣿⣿⣏⢉⣻⣿⣿⠟⠿⣯⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣙⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣿⣯⣥⣶⣿⣻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⡻⢟⣿⣟⢿⡿⣿⢻⣻⢛⣻⢛⣛⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣿⣜⡛⣾⡇⣿⡏⡇⣿⣸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣏⡱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣹⣿⢿⣇⣿⣧⣧⣿⣿⢻⣿⡏⣾⣏⡱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⣇⡶⢻⣹⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣵⣾⡭⢭⣾⣿⣮⣭⣮⣭⣵⣭⣭⡥⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠃⠉⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⡟⣷⠁⣿⣿⡀⣿⡆⣿⢹⢳⣿⢻⡎⢹⣿⣇⢸⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣷⢰⣿⠈⣿⡿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣰⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⢶⡤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣉⢹⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢶⡆⣾⣿⣿⢸⡿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣼⣿⠀⣿⡿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⠷⢟⡸⢿⡹⢧⣿⣸⢿⣸⣞⡿⢾⢧⠿⣏⡿⡼⢇⡿⡸⢇⠿⠷⠿⡻⠿⠶⠿⠷⢆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢶⣶⣤⣤⡿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢁⣼⡿⣭⢫⣭⢻⣭⣭⡍⣭⣭⣭⣭⡝⣭⣿⡟⣭⣝⣯⣭⢛⣭⣭⡛⣯⣭⣝⢫⣭⣭⢿⢫⣭⣝⣭⡝⣫⣭⣍⢫⣭⢩⡍⣭⣭⡭⣭⢩⡭⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢼⣭⣟⣿⡿⢟⢺⣲⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣠⣦⣄⣠⣾⣿⡇⣿⣼⣿⣼⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⣤⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣾⡇⣿⣧⡄⢿⣿⢃⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠛⢿⡎⠜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⢹⣿⡇⣿⡇⣸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⡏⣿⢸⣿⣸⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣴⢻⢸⡏⣿⢹⡇⢿⣇⣿⢸⣿⢿⡇⣿⣧⡔⢸⣿⢸⣿ ⣶⢶⣶⣾⣶⠶⠶⠤⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣭⣵⣾⣿⣾⣷⣾⣭⣷⣾⣵⣾⣿ ⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠾⢷⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1485 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_23/2/2021:_Gemini_(and_Gopher)_on_the_Rise_Again,_Systemd_248_Reaches RC1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ NASA’s_Martian_helicopter_runs_Linux⠀⇛ The semi-autonomous Ingenuity drone copter that will launch soon from NASA’s Perseverance rover runs open source Linux on a Snapdragon 801 along with components from Sparkfun. Like other NASA rovers, the Perseverance rover that successfully landed last week on Mars’ Jezero Crater runs on Wind River’s VxWorks RTOS. Yet tucked underneath the SUV-sized rover is an autonomous mini-helicopter called Ingenuity that runs Linux. The debut of Linux on Mars was revealed on Feb. 17 by Tim Canham, Mars Helicopter Operations Lead at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in an interview with IEEE Spectrum. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ 214:_Customizing_Your_Linux_Desktop_With_GNOME,_KDE_Plasma &_More_–_Destination_Linux⠀⇛ This week on Destination Linux, we’re going to have some fun with customizing your Linux desktop. We’ll tell you about how each of us customize our Linux computers and give you ideas on how you can modify your own systems. Later in the show, we’re also covering the latest release of the Linux kernel with Linux 5.11 and KDE’s new release of the Plasma desktop with Plasma 5.21. Plus we’ve also got our famous tips, tricks and software picks. All of this and so much more this week on Destination Linux. So whether you’re brand new to Linux and open source or a guru of sudo. This is the podcast for you. # ⚓ Big_Web_Vs_Small_Web:_Gemini,_Gopher,_HTTP⠀⇛ Recently I’ve heard people talking about web protocols like gemini and gopher and using terms like big web and small web to describe their relationship with things like HTTP and HTML, however, I’ve not seen anyone define these terms… o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ systemd_248_RC1_Released_With_New_“System_Extension_Images” Concept⠀⇛ The first release candidate of systemd 248 is now available with a number of improvements ranging from a new “system extensions images” concept to the out-of-memory daemon (OOMD) being declared stable. # ⚓ RDMA_Changes_For_Linux_5.12_Add_DMA-BUF_Support_For_Peer- To-Peer_Transfers_With_GPUs_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The changes within the remote direct memory access (RDMA) subsystem for Linux 5.12 are deemed “quite small” but there is one interesting addition courtesy of Intel. Covered last year on Phoronix was the Intel-led work on DMA-BUF support for RDMA for supporting peer-to-peer transactions over PCI Express between RDMA-enabled NICs and other PCIe devices, such as graphics cards. That peer-to-peer support via DMA- BUF with a focus on GPU support is what’s coming in Linux 5.12. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Mesa_21.0.0-rc5_Is_Released⠀⇛ The Mesa 21 release-cycle got derailed after a strong rc4 on February 5th. It is now back on track with what will likely be the last release-candidate before the final Mesa 21.0 release. Mesa 21 will offer a ton of new features to AMD graphics card users, many performance improvements for Intel iGPUs and there’s also early pieces of code for ray- tracing on Intels upcoming Xe HPG gaming GPUs. # ⚓ ZLUDA_v2_Released_For_Drop-In_CUDA_On_Intel_Graphics –_Phoronix⠀⇛ One of many interesting and original open- source projects to be started in 2020 was ZLUDA, an open-spurce drop-in CUDA implementation for Intel graphics. ZLUDA – developed independent of Intel and NVIDIA – is built atop Intel’s oneAPI Level Zero interface (hence the name, ZLUDA) and allows for unmodified CUDA applications to run on Intel UHD/Xe Graphics hardware with near- native performance. Well, that’s the goal at least but with the initial ZLUDA release were a number of support limitations. Out today is ZLUDA Version 2 that has been focused on ensuring it works well with the Geekbench CUDA test cases as an interesting stressor for CUDA on Intel graphics. Additionally, the Microsoft Windows support for ZLUDA has been improved while continuing to provide first-rate Linux support. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_5_best_command-line_based_password_managers_for_Linux⠀⇛ You might ask, what is the necessity of a password manager? To answer this question, we have to breakdown the attributes of a good and secure password. These attributes are not related to the password we compose at a moment’s notice. You do not need a password manager or a password wallet for passwords related to your pet’s name, dream city to visit, or even your favorite pronounceable noun or verb. While you have the right to use these kinds of passwords, we cannot confidently characterize them as secure under the Linux domain. Secure passwords are not easy to memorize, and that is why you need a password manager. First, let us consider the rules of a secure password. # ⚓ Jamming_with_Sonobus⠀⇛ Before last week, I’d never heard of SonoBus. While on holiday I’d packaged up Spot – a Gtk Spotify client, which I wrote about recently. The next day I made a snap of SonoBus too! I did this because while there were binary builds for Windows and Mac, there was no binary release for Linux, other than in the Arch User Repository. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_101:_What_is_the_SUID_permission?_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ If you’re new to Linux administration, you’ve probably already started learning about file permissions. If I said “drwxrwxr-x,” you’d know what that meant. It’s simple: A directory with owner and group read, write, execute permissions, but only read and execute permissions for everyone else. That’s not the be-all, end all for permissions. There are actually three more permissions, one of which I’m going to teach you about right now. Said permission is called SUID, which stands for Set owner User ID. This is a special permission that applies to scripts or applications. If the SUID bit is set, when the command is run, it’s effective UID becomes that of the owner of the file, instead of the user running it. # ⚓ What_is_the_Vim_Editor_in_linux?⠀⇛ If you are working in the command line mode, you may need to become familiar with a text editor that will be operating in a Linux console. The vim editor is the original editor that Unix uses. It makes use of the console graphics mode for the emulation of a text-editing window, which allows you to see different lines of the file, move around across the files, and edit, insert or replace a piece of text. The vim editor works well with the data that is in a memory buffer. You have to type vim and the name of the file that you have to edit to open the editor with the desired file. If the editor is started without a filename being supplied, it opens but with no file. The vim editor detects the session’s terminal type and uses full- screen mode so the console window can use the editor area. The initial window will show the file contents and a message line at the bottom of the window. If the contents don’t take up the entire screen, a tilde is placed on the lines excluded from the file. The vim editor has two operational modes — normal and INSERT mode. When you open a file for editing, vim goes into normal mode, and certain keystrokes are interpreted as commands. # ⚓ How_to_Schedule_File_Backups_to_Google_Drive_in_Linux_– Putorius⠀⇛ Google Drive is a cloud storage service that allows us to backup the files and access them securely from any device. In Linux, you can easily mount the Google drive using the Gnome online accounts utility. After mounting the Google drive, you can upload any data you want to backup to your Google Drive storage. But what if you want to automatically backup certain data to online cloud storage service at regular intervals so that you have an up to date backup at all times? With Gnome online accounts and Deja-dup, you can easily schedule file backups to Google Drive in just 6 steps. # ⚓ How_to_Set_Package,_PPA,_Apt_Repository_Priority_in_Ubuntu |_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ This is a simple tutorial shows how to set the priority of a certain package and/or apt repository in Ubuntu, Debian, Linux Mint. In Ubuntu, we install software packages from different sources, including Ubuntu universe repositories (using Ubuntu Software), Ubuntu PPAs (e.g., LibreOffice, Kodi, GIMP, and more), apps’ own apt repositories (e.g, Chrome, VirtualBox, Opera, and more). We can even install apps from other Linux Distributions. For instance, installing Linux Mint’s IPTV player, Web App Mananger, and Chromium Browser (in deb format) in Ubuntu is possible. # ⚓ How_to_use_the_open-source_Spotify_client_on_Linux⠀⇛ Are you using the Spotify music service on your Linux PC? Do you feel like the official Spotify app isn’t very good? Check out the Spot app! It’s an open-source Spotify client (based on librespot) that gives a fresh, Linux-native look. Here’s how to use it on your system. Note: To use the Spot client, you must have a premium Spotify account. The Spot app does not work with free Spotify accounts, and developers have no plans to add support for free accounts. # ⚓ Copy_file_from_one_directory_to_another_in_Ubuntu_Linux_ [Guide]⠀⇛ Are you using Ubuntu and want to know how to copy a file from one directory to another? We’ve got you covered! Follow along as we go over the many ways you can copy files in Ubuntu Linux! # ⚓ How_to_Set_Up_and_Use_SSH_in_Linux_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛ If you’ve been using Linux for any amount of time, you undoubtedly have heard about a tool known as SSH. SSH (or secure shell) is an encrypted networking tool designed to allow users to log in securely to various different types of computers remotely over a network. In this article, we show you how to set up and use SSH in Linux. # ⚓ How_to_create_and_modify_a_Parameter_Group_for_an_RDS instance_on_AWS⠀⇛ A Parameter Group contains configuration to be used by the DB instances on AWS. Every DB instance we create has a default Parameter group attached to it with default values. This default parameter group can not be edited, hence it is necessary to create a new parameter group with the required configuration. So, if you want to change the values of parameters, you first create a new Parameter group and attach it to the DB instance. Note that improperly configuring parameters can have adverse effects, and may result in degraded performance and system instability. So, you need to be very careful while changing the values of parameters on Production DB instances. You can also first try experimenting with changes on the test DB. # ⚓ How_to_Select_the_Right_ERP_System_for_your_Business?⠀⇛ ERP software stands short for Enterprise Resource Planning software. It is a powerful data management tool that integrates all business workflows, streamlines and automates data-driven processes by imposing innovative data viewing and sharing techniques. All of this is aimed at improving their performance. Every business – be it SMEs or a large-scale enterprise, can reap great benefits from ERP software, especially if it’s flexible and scalable. But with so many ERP software tools flooding the market, choosing your right ERP software can be a tough nut to crack! # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Snap_Package_Manager_on_Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ Snap also know as Snappy is an alternative package management tool and program package format developed by Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu Linux. Snap has been introduced in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial Xerus) and is part of any Ubuntu version since then, it can be used across all Linux distributions. Snap packages can be installed via command line or can be downloaded from websites as .snap files. Snap package manager creates a separate folder for each package and does not interfere with the rest of the system. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install and use the Snap package on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ How_to_install_Friday_Night_Funkin_on_a_Chromebook_–_the Windows_version⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Friday Night Funkin, the 32 bit Windows version, on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ Lukas_“lzap”_Zapletal:_What_is_waking_my_HDD_up_in_Linux⠀⇛ When my disks wake up during the day, I am angry. I want silence, so I started investigating which process makes them to do that. I suspect that something is browsing Samba share, but to confirm I created this simple SystemTap script… o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Valheim_tops_500,000_simultaneous_players,_beating_four more_records⠀⇛ Valheim is on a trajectory like nothing we’ve ever seen. The Viking-themed indie survival game has been shooting up the Steam charts, selling 3 million copies in an unheard-of 17 days. And people aren’t just buying it on a whim; they’re actively playing it, too. On Sunday, the game reached 500,000 simultaneous players, according to SteamDB, leaving the charred remains of four other all-time Steam player count records in its wake. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Port_of_the_week:_catgirl_irc_client⠀⇛ Catgirl has the following features: tab completion, split scrolling, URL detection, nick coloring, ignores filter. On the other hand, it doesn’t support non-TLS networks, CCTP, multi networks or dynamic configuration. If you want to use catgirl with multiples networks, you have to run it once per network. Catgirl will be available as a package in OpenBSD starting with version 6.9. # § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Netrunner_OS_21.01⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Netrunner OS 21.01. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.10, KDE Plasma 5.14, and uses about 1GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ Netrunner_OS_21.01_Run_Through⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at Netrunner OS 21.01. # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾ # ⚓ ABF_build_system_and_mirrors_down_problem_resolved⠀⇛ This should not have been a problem for OpenMandriva users on channels 4.2, Rock, Rolling and Cooker, as the mirror redirector continued to redirect them to the nearest mirrors. It was still possible to install packages available on the mirrors, however it was not possible at that moment to offer new packages nor updates. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ openSUSE-Based_GeckoLinux_Gets_New_ISO_Release_with KDE_Plasma_5.21_and_Xfce_4.16⠀⇛ The GeckoLinux ROLLING 999.210221 update is now available to download for all spins, generated directly from the openSUSE Tumbleweed and Packman repositories without any alterations. This release comes three months after the previous ROLLING update with important updates to the pre-installed desktop environments. The biggest change in this release and the thing I want to share with my readers is the inclusion of the latest KDE Plasma 5.21 and Xfce 4.16 desktop environments. So, if you want to use an openSUSE Tumbleweed-based distro, and you want to give Plasma 5.21 and Xfce 4.16 a try, you can download the new GeckoLinux ROLLING spins. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Fridge_|_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_671⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 671 for the week of February 14 – 20, 2021. # ⚓ Best_VPN_for_Ubuntu_in_2021:_Privacy_for_Penguins⠀⇛ # ⚓ Building_and_running_FIPS_containers_on_Ubuntu_Pro FIPS_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Canonical provides customers Ubuntu Pro images AWS Marketplace. Ubuntu Pro for AWS is a premium AMI designed by Canonical to provide additional coverage for production environments running in the cloud. It includes security and compliance services, enabled by default, in a form suitable for small to large-scale Linux enterprise operations — with no contract needed. Key features include live kernel patching, which provides instant security and longer uptimes, security patching of major open source workloads for production use, and certified components for FedRAMP, HIPAA, PCI and ISO use cases. Ubuntu Pro is backed by a 10-year maintenance commitment by Canonical. One of the challenges early adopters of Pro faced was enabling FIPS modules for their deployments. While Canonical provided support for the same, they also wanted to make the customers have a better experience. Hence Canonical launched Ubuntu Pro with a pre- enabled FIPS module available for Ubuntu FIPS 18.04 and Ubuntu FIPS 16.04. It contains all the features of Ubuntu Pro, but is now FIPS enabled at launch! In a containerized world, it is not enough to just launch an EC2 instance with a FIPS enabled Ubuntu. Customers are increasingly looking to build and run FIPS containers on Ubuntu Pro FIPS. This blog contains instructions to do the same. We have used the example of 18.04, but it is applicable for 16.04. # ⚓ Dynatrace_:_Private_Synthetic_Monitoring_locations now_also_supported_on_Ubuntu_20⠀⇛ As is standard, automatic installation of Synthetic-enabled ActiveGates is now also supported on Ubuntu 20. In fact, the installation procedure for Ubuntu 20 looks exactly the same as it does for Ubuntu 16 and 18. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Fuzix_Unix-like_operating_system_ported_to_Raspberry_Pi Pico_and_ESP8266⠀⇛ The Raspberry Pi Pico is not compatible with Linux, but now supports another Unix-like operating system known as Fuzix. Alan Cox’s Fuzix is a Unix-like operating system for older devices with less performance capacity. David Given’s two recent posts have brought to the attention about the operating system’s compatibility with ESP8266 MCU and Raspberry Pi Pico. Fuzix operating system has a kernel which is the central core of the system. # ⚓ Elkhart_Lake_arrives_on_thin_Mini-ITX⠀⇛ Advantech’s Linux-friendly “AIMB-218” thin Mini-ITX board ships with Elkhart Lake SoCs including a new 2GHz/3GHz Pentium J6426 plus 32GB DDR4, 2x GbE, 3x USB 3.2 Gen2, DP and HDMI, 2x M.2, SATA, and PCIe x1 Gen3. Advantech announced the AIMB-218, the first thin Mini-ITX board we have seen equipped with Intel’s next-gen Atom platform, Elkhart Lake processors. Yet, we now see that DFI has posted a preliminary product page for EHL171 and EHL173 thin Mini-ITX boards with dual 2.5GbE ports, but with scant details and no listed OS support. MiTac, meanwhile, has posted a more detailed product page on a PD10EHI thin Mini-ITX board that runs Windows, with Linux available on request. Unlike Advantech’s entry, neither board has been formally announced. We may report on these later. # ⚓ Closing_the_digital_divide_with_Raspberry_Pi_computers⠀⇛ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Arduino_Blog_»_Bikelangelo_is_a_water-dispensing graffiti_bicycle_trailer⠀⇛ Inspired by persistence of vision (POV) projects, Sagarrabanana built a system that incrementally dispenses water as pixels on a flat surface, creating ephemeral dot matrix text/images. This so-called “Bikelangelo” device is towed by a bicycle for ultra-mobile marking, and uses a pressurized tank for fluid storage. As he pedals, a series of seven valve open and close under Arduino Nano control. A Hall- effect sensor allows it to dispense accurately based on the bike’s speed, and a Bluetooth phone connection via an HC-05 module is implemented for text input on-the- go. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_of_the_Best_Quick_Settings_Apps_for_Android⠀⇛ In Android, the notification shade shows all your recent notifications and a number of different quick settings toggles. As such, the notification drawer is one of the most convenient and frequently used parts of Android. Though the vanilla notification shade is pretty good and gets the job done, some users may want to to replace it entirely or enhance it by adding custom quick setting options. # ⚓ Android_12_enables_5G_with_DSDS_for_Pixel_5,_4a_5G_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Redmi_Note_8,_Mi_Note_10,_and_Mi_10T_Lite_get_Android 11_with_MIUI_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meizu_18_complete_specs_leaks_–_uses_SD870_&_Flyme_9_ (Android_11)_-⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Install_HappyMod_on_Android_–_Tech_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Download_Casino_Apps_on_Android?_–_Geek_Vibes Nation⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Clear_Cookies_on_Android_in_2021:_House- Cleaning⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_best_Star_Wars_apps_for_Android_–_Android Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_short_film_about_iPhone_vs._Android_|_Darko.Audio⠀⇛ # ⚓ Universal_Android_Debloater_kicks_bloatware_to_the curb_without_root_–_SlashGear⠀⇛ # ⚓ Looks_like_Android_12_will_let_you_use_two_SIMs_on Pixel_4a_5G_and_Pixel_5_without_any_trade_off_– PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_8.3_5G_in_UK,_Germany,_Poland_getting_Android 11_update_in_wave_2_roll-out_|_Nokiapoweruser⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_Mi_Note_10_duo_and_Redmi_Note_8_get_Android_11 update_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_on_Android_now_lets_you_watch_4K_videos_on FHD_screens_–_SlashGear⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_update_brings_4K_HDR_videos_to_Android_phones –_Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_For_Android_Supports_4K_HDR_Playback_On_Lower Res-Displays⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_on_Android_finally_gets_support_for_4K_videos –_Android_Community⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Slayaway_Camp,_4K Camera_Pro,_3D_EARTH_PRO,_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_10_Best_Android_Apps_For_Learning_Piano_–_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ 7_things_you_should_know_when_buying_a_used_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Galaxy_S21_is_the_only_Android_phone_that_doesn’t suck_at_Snapchat⠀⇛ # ⚓ Downloading_Netflix_shows_on_your_Android_phone_just got_way_easier_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Librem_14_Update:_Freed_EC,_Shipping_Beginning_in March⠀⇛ In our previous Librem 14 update, we described some of the supply chain challenges we (and the rest of the semiconductor industry) have been facing this year. In particular we faced challenges with Intel CPU supply and most recently a few week delay in availability of our 3-cell batteries for the Librem 14. To expedite shipping, we decided to change the default configuration of the Librem 14 to give everyone a free upgrade to a larger 4-cell battery (which covers the second, typically unused M.2 storage slot) and only fall back to the 3-cell battery in cases where a customer chooses to populate that second M.2 slot. Our more aggressive shipping timeline had 4- cell Librem 14s beginning to ship in February. The Librem 14 will now begin to ship in March. Evaluation of early manufacturing runs yielded an LCD false-alarm “ghosting” issue that took some extra time to research and resolve. When the evaluation step has no issue, manufacturing can stay on the aggressive timeline, but when there is an issue that needs resolving manufacturing “stops the presses” until we can confirm things are accurate before mass production. We added a few weeks in our evaluation step to confirm the highest quality standard in our products. We expect to post final product images soon, prior to beginning shipping. # ⚓ Librem_14:_Adding_Librem_EC,_Freed_Embedded Controller_Firmware⠀⇛ Starting with the Librem 14 laptop we are including fully liberated Embedded Controller (EC) firmware with all the source code available. This is something we set as a goal a long time ago, and now we are finally here. Let’s first start by explaining what the EC is and does. A PC these days is a pretty complicated thing. It does not only consist of the main CPU (in this case the Intel Core i7 10710U mobile low voltage), but also a lot of peripherals. The main CPU is very good at what it is supposed to do as its main task, running the main operating system, but it is not so well tuned for lower level things like managing a keyboard matrix or (and this is quite amazing) powering itself up. PCs have been around since the 1980s and their hardware design still shows this legacy. Already in early PCs there was a small helper CPU to handle the low level dirty work for the big one and this was the keyboard controller. The keyboard controller was a small microcontroller on its own running a very small program that helped the power up and down sequencing as well as managing a bespoke keyboard matrix [1]. Since then a lot has happened. Over the years as this keyboard controller grew and was assigned more and more tasks, it developed into the Embedded Controller # ⚓ Android_12:_Release_date,_previews,_betas,_and everything_you_need_to_know⠀⇛ # ⚓ Check_Out_Android_12′s_Wallpaper-Based_Theming Engine⠀⇛ # ⚓ 12_Best_Android_12_Features_Coming_to_Your_Phone_in 2021_|_Beebom⠀⇛ # ⚓ vivo_V20_SE_is_receiving_Funtouch_OS_11_(Android_11) update_in_India_–_Gizmochina⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Install_ACMarket_App_on_Android_–_Tech_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ iodé_sells_Android_phones_stripped_of_tracking_and advertising_(and_the_Play_Store)_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Which_Android_TV_box_should_you_buy?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_smartphone_news_roundup:_Xfce_for_phones, browser_and_camera_updates,_and_more⠀⇛ There’s a new Linux distribution for smartphones that’s the first I’m aware of to be based on the Xfce desktop environment, but while the first pre-release builds of ExpidusOS for the PinePhone are now available for download, there’s still a lot of work to be done to make it into a usable operating system. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Nextcloud_21_arrives_with_ten_times_better_performance_| ZDNet⠀⇛ I’ve been using and recommending Nextcloud as a great open-source, private Infrastructure-as-a- Service (IaaS) cloud for years now. I run it myself both on a server in my office and on my TMDHosting remote server. Besides just providing a great cloud-based file server, Nextcloud has been adding more features. These include built-in video- conferencing and group meeting services. Nextcloud Talk and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) version of the LibreOffice office suite, Collabora, and integration with third-party services such as Microsoft Teams, Slack, Jira, GitHub, and Twitter. Now, returning to basics, the latest version, Nextcloud 21, features a new, optional Rust-based high-performance backend for files, which reduces server load from desktop clients and web interface polling by 90% while delivering instant notifications and file changes to users. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ Dima_Kogan:_feedgnuplot:_labelled_bar_charts and_a_guide⠀⇛ I just released feedgnuplot 1.57, which includes two new pieces that I’ve long thought about adding… [...] I’ve thought about adding these for a while, but had no specific need for them. Finally, somebody asked for it, and I wrote the code. Now that I can, I will probably use these all the time. The new capability can override the usual numerical tic labels on the x axis, and instead use text from a column in the data stream. # ⚓ libredwg-0.12.2_released⠀⇛ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_pkgKitten_0.2.1:_Now_with_roxygen2 support⠀⇛ new release 0.2.1 of pkgKitten hit CRAN earlier today, and has been uploaded to Debian as well. pkgKitten makes it simple to create new R packages via a simple function invocation. A wrapper kitten.r exists in the littler package to make it even easier. This release builds on the support for tinytest we added in release 0.2.0 by adding more optional support, this time for roxygen2. It also corrects a minor documentation snafu, and updates the CI use. # ⚓ Cache_busting_in_Node.js_dynamic_ESM_imports⠀⇛ I’m porting JSDB to EcmaScript Modules (ESM) and one of the issues I had to look into was module cache invalidation. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Python_For_Loop_|_Linuxize⠀⇛ Loops are one of the fundamental concepts of programming languages. Loops are used to perform repeated tasks until a certain condition is met. There are two main looping constructs in Python that allow you to repeat a block of code repeatedly, the for and the while loops. In this article, we will cover the basics of the for loops in Python. We will also show you how to use the range type to generate a sequence of numbers, and else, break and continue statements to alter the flow of a loop. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_use_a_key-value_dictionary_in_bash⠀⇛ While bash is not a general-purpose programming language, a recent version of bash (starting from version 4) has started to support dictionaries or associative arrays natively. In this tutorial, I demonstrate how you can use a key-value dictionary in bash. To help you understand better, I illustrate detailed usages of a dictionary using shell script examples. o § Leftovers⠀➾ # § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Digi_launches_code_of_practice_on_disinformation; Reset_Australia_rejects_as_‘pointless’⠀⇛ The Digital Industry Group (Digi) representing Google, Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft, Redbubble, and TikTok in Australia today published its Australian Code of Practice on Disinformation and Misinformation [PDF] as its response to the Commonwealth Government’s request for a voluntary code. “Voluntary” means it is up to operators to opt in to the code. There seems to be no limit on the amount of time operators can take to respond to complaints, and the code does not require operators to delete or prevent access to material determined to be misleading, deceptive or fake. So perhaps it is not surprising that Reset Australia – the local affiliate of the global initiative working to counter digital threats to democracy – describes the code as “pointless”. # § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Lipid_nanoparticles:_The_antivax_“toxins_gambit” reborn_for_COVID-19_vaccines⠀⇛ When it comes to the antivaccine movement, there is nothing new under the sun and that none of its propaganda and disinformation about COVID-19 vaccines is new. It’s the same old antivaccine misinformation, tropes, misrepresentations of science, and propaganda, just repackaged for COVID-19 vaccines. I’ve already written about a number of examples. The most frequently used example thus far has been to weaponize anecdotes of death after the vaccine that likely had nothing to do with the vaccine, much as, pre- pandemic, antivaxxers had weaponized anecdotes of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after vaccination (and during the pandemic SIDS rates fell because of fewer well child visits and vaccines), all to demonize vaccines. Other examples include claiming that vaccines cause female infertility; that they “damage” or “alter” your DNA, or that COVID-19 is not dangerous (or isn’t even real at all). These are all basically the same tropes that antivaxxers used to use to claim that measles and other vaccine-preventable diseases aren’t dangerous (the implication being that vaccines are unnecessary). Then, of course, there is the ever-popular strategy of fear mongering about reports made to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database, implying that they indicate causation. All techniques antivaxxers used extensively pre-pandemic. So it should be no surprise that antivaxxers are also using a variant of a longtime favorite trope, the “toxins gambit“, the claim that vaccines are loaded with horrible “toxins“, a variant being the claim that vaccines have “fetal cells” or “fetal DNA” in them and are thus horrifically contaminated. Heck, that last one has even been used by antivaxxers about COVID-19 vaccines! This background brings me to lipid nanoparticles, which appear to be the new mercury in vaccines to antivaxxers. # ⚓ Traffic_Noise_Is_a_Silent_Killer⠀⇛ Exposure to loud noise has long been linked with hearing loss. But the ruckus of planes and cars takes a toll beyond the ears: Traffic noise has been flagged as a major urban environmental stressor, second only to air pollution. In the last decade, a growing body of research more directly links air and road-traffic noise to heightened risks for a number of cardiovascular ailments—and scientists are starting to pinpoint the mechanisms at play. Evidence of noise’s physiological effects—whether on cells and organs or entire populations—“is really coming together and painting a picture of the problem,” says Mathias Basner, a psychiatrist and epidemiologist at the University of Pennsylvania and president of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise. Yet, he adds, few people are aware of the severity of what his colleagues call a “silent killer.” # ⚓ 500,000_dead_Americans:_One_year_of_COVID_exposes_the rot_of_GOP_ideology⠀⇛ The U.S. is expected to cross a grim milestone on Monday that was unimagined by even the worst projections from the beginning of the pandemic nearly one year ago: Half a million dead from COVID-19. And those are just the direct deaths from recorded instances of the disease. Excess mortality rates show that for every two official COVID- 19 deaths, there’s another excess death, likely due to myriad related causes, from increased rates of poverty to strains on the health care system to undiagnosed cases. What is clear, however, is that the past year has exposed the rot of GOP ideology that led to such excess death and despair. # ⚓ Roadmap_out_of_lockdown:_Almost_all_restrictions could_be_lifted_by_June_21,_PM_announces⠀⇛ Ministers will check if England can pass four “tests” before allowing restrictions to lift. Consideration will be given to the success of the vaccine rollout, the effectiveness of vaccines, the impact of infection rates on hospital pressures, and whether emergence of new variants increases risk. There will be five weeks between each restriction being lifted, with four weeks set aside to assess new data, and one week notice given to industries to prepare for a reopening. Mr Johnson warned the Covid-19 threat “remains substantial”, but said he was able to plan for a lifting of restrictions due to the “extraordinary success” of the vaccine rollout. However, even with every adult set to have been offered a jab by July, Mr Johnson said: “No vaccine can ever be 100 per cent effective, nor will everyone take them up.” He added: “We cannot escape the fact that lifting lockdown will result in more cases, more hospitalisations and sadly more deaths. # § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_Fires_AI_Ethics_Lead_Margaret_Mitchell⠀⇛ Close on the heels of the departure of its AI ethics researcher Timnit Gebru, Google has now fired Margaret Mitchell, the founder and former co-lead of the company’s ethical AI team. Mitchell announced the news on Twitter. Both Gebru and Mitchell had called for more diversity and inclusion among research staff. “Firing [Gebru] created a domino effect of trauma for me and the rest of the team, and I believe we are being increasingly punished for that trauma,” Mitchell tweeted on the same day. § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ * § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ o § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Foundation_and_DARPA_Create_Open_Software Initiative_to_Accelerate_US_R&D_Innovation⠀⇛ The project will launch as a standard open source project with neutral governance and a charter similar to other projects within the Linux Foundation. Additionally, the agreement enables collaboration with upstream and downstream communities, such as LF Networking, LF Edge, and Zephyr, among others, to build on a secure code base for use by the US Government. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_To_Host_7_Call_For_Code_For_Racial_Justice Projects⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation will host seven projects from Call for Code for Racial Justice, an initiative driven by IBM and Creator David Clark Cause to urge the global developer ecosystem and open source community to contribute to solutions that can help confront racial inequalities. As part of the announcement, the Linux Foundation and IBM unveiled two new solution starters——⁠Fair Change and TakeTwo. # ⚓ IBM,_Call_for_Code,_and_the_Linux_Foundation_announce_new open_source_projects_to_combat_racism⠀⇛ Call for Code for Racial Justice launched late last year to solicit solutions from the global coding community. The goal of the challenge is to come up with novel open source solutions backed by IBM and partner technologies such as cloud computing and artificial intelligence. There are currently seven “solution starters” which are now hosted by the Linux Foundation. # ⚓ Review_of_Three_Hyperledger_Tools_–_Caliper,_Cello_and Avalon⠀⇛ In our previous article (Review of Five popular Hyperledger DLTs- Fabric, Besu, Sawtooth, Iroha and Indy), we discussed the following Hyperledger Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs). # ⚓ Privacy_Talks_|_Interview_with_Josh_Aas_from_Let’s Encrypt⠀⇛ This interview originally aired on August 14, 2020. § Security⠀➾ * ⚓ 30K_Macs_are_infected_with_‘Silver_Sparrow’_virus_and_no_one_knows why⠀⇛ Apple has since revoked the developer certificates that allowed the virus to propagate and says new machines can no longer be infected. Apple’s own research echoed Red Canary’s findings and uncovered no evidence that the malware has delivered a malicious payload to any of the infected machines. * § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾ o ⚓ Moving_from_an_RTOS_to_Linux?_(Practical_Insights_Nobody’s Telling_You)⠀⇛ * § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ o ⚓ WhatsApp_will_eventually_delete_your_account_if_you_don’t_accept new_privacy_policy⠀⇛ The controversial privacy policy will see the phone number and location of WhatsApp users shared with Facebook and used for ad targeting purposes. When the privacy policy was first announced, a flurry of users migrated from WhatsApp to other end-to-end encrypted messaging apps such as Signal and Telegram. There was a general fear that WhatsApp would have access to the end- to-end encrypted messages that billions of users send each other on the app every day. WhatsApp has sought to clear that misconception up, team members told Reuters: o ⚓ Second_case_of_NSA_exploits_being_used_before_Brokers’_leak_comes to_light⠀⇛ A second case of NSA exploits being customised and used for attacks, before they were leaked on the Web by a group known as the Shadow Brokers in 2017, has come to light, this time following research by the Israel-based cyber security firm Check Point Research. o ⚓ Kroger_warns_pharmacy_customers’_personal_data_may_have_been stolen_in_[attack]⠀⇛ Compromised information could include “names, email addresses, phone numbers, home addresses, dates of birth, Social Security numbers,” a spokeswoman told the AP. The company said it is informing anyone who may have been affected and offering them free credit monitoring. No stores’ IT or grocery store systems are believed to have been accessed. o ⚓ Kroger:_Some_pharmacy_customer_data_impacted_in_vendor_[crack]⠀⇛ Kroger Co. says personal data, including Social Security numbers of some of its pharmacy and clinic customers, may have been stolen in the [crack] of a third-party vendor’s file-transfer service. The Cincinnati-based grocery and pharmacy chain said in a statement Friday that it believes less than 1% of its customers were affected — specifically some using its Health and Money Services — as well as some current and former employees because a number of personnel records were apparently viewed. § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ * ⚓ Thousands_dead_but_no_prosecutions_–_why_Liberia_has_not_acted⠀⇛ Tales of atrocities dominate accounts of Liberia’s years of civil war but not a single person has been tried for war crimes in the country’s courts. This is despite the estimated 250,000 dead – amounting to around 8% of the population at the time – and survivors willing to testify about the conflicts from 1989 to 1997 and 1999 to 2003. On Tuesday, in an unprecedented move, a war crimes case is due to be heard in the capital, Monrovia. But this will be a Finnish court holding a special session, not part of the Liberian judicial process. * ⚓ 4_Aid_Workers_Are_Shot_Dead_in_Pakistan⠀⇛ Gunmen killed four aid workers in an ambush in the northwestern Pakistani district of North Waziristan on Monday, police officials said, an attack that could signal a revival of insurgency in the region bordering Afghanistan that was once a stronghold of the Pakistani Taliban. A vehicle carrying the aid workers, who were all Pakistanis and who were affiliated with a program for developing household skills for women, was fired upon by unidentified attackers in the town of Mir Ali, the police said. The four aid workers, all women, were killed and the male driver was wounded. A fifth aid worker, also a woman, survived the attack by taking refuge in a nearby house, the police statement said. The attackers fled into the nearby mountains. * ⚓ Khamenei_Says_Iran_Could_Enrich_Uranium_to_60%⠀⇛ He said Iran’s uranium enrichment level will not be limited to 20%. Under the 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and six world powers, Iran is limited to refining uranium to 3.67%. However, Iran has been in breach of the agreement since the United States withdrew from the pact during the Trump administration and has resumed enriching uranium to 20%. § Environment⠀➾ * ⚓ Extinction:_Freshwater_fish_in_‘catastrophic’_decline⠀⇛ According to the WWF, much of the decline is driven by the poor state of rivers, mostly as a result of pollution, dams and sewage. * § Energy⠀➾ o ⚓ No_Heat_or_Water,_Overflowing_Toilets,_Disgusting_Food:_Texas Prisons_Went_“from_Bad_to_Dire”_in_Storm⠀⇛ As winter storms overwhelmed Texas, many incarcerated people in the state went days without heat and water, making already grim conditions behind bars even more intolerable for thousands of people. Officials say 33 prisons across the state lost power and 20 had water shortages after the state’s electrical grid failed. Staff shortages compounded the problems, and some incarcerated people report not being provided with blankets to keep warm in their freezing cells and being served inedible food. “Texas prison conditions have gone from bad to dire,” says Marshall Project reporter Keri Blakinger. “Prisons didn’t really have the sort of infrastructure going into all of this that many people do in the free world.” o ⚓ “Power_Companies_Get_Exactly_What_They_Want”:_How_Texas Repeatedly_Failed_to_Protect_Its_Power_Grid_Against_Extreme Weather⠀⇛ In January 2014, power plants owned by Texas’ largest electricity producer buckled under frigid temperatures. Its generators failed more than a dozen times in 12 hours, helping to bring the state’s electric grid to the brink of collapse. The incident was the second in three years for North Texas-based Luminant, whose equipment malfunctions during a more severe storm in 2011 resulted in a $750,000 fine from state energy regulators for failing to deliver promised power to the grid. o ⚓ Fossil_Fuel_Shock_Doctrine:_Naomi_Klein_on_Deadly_Deregulation_& Why_Texas_Needs_the_Green_New_Deal⠀⇛ Millions of Texans are still suffering after severe winter weather devastated the state’s energy and water systems. About 8 million Texans remain under orders to boil water, and 30,000 homes still have no power. Around 70 deaths have now been linked to the winter storms, including at least 12 people who died inside their homes after losing heat. Republican lawmakers in Texas are facing increasing criticism for their handling of the crisis, their decades-long push to deregulate the state’s energy system, and their unfounded attacks on renewable energy and the Green New Deal. Naomi Klein, senior correspondent at The Intercept and a professor at Rutgers University, says Republicans’ reaction is “because of panic” over their own culpability. “The Green New Deal is a plan that could solve so many of Texas’s problems and the problems across the country, and Republicans have absolutely nothing to offer except for more deregulation, more privatization, more austerity.” Klein also discusses the Biden administration’s early policies on the climate crisis, the dangers of continued fossil fuel development, and her new book, “How to Change Everything.” o ⚓ This_Is_What_Deregulation_Looks_Like:_Some_Texans_Face_$10K+_in Electric_Bills,_Others_Still_in_Dark⠀⇛ When millions of Texans lost power during extreme winter weather, some who were fortunate enough to keep the lights on now face astronomically high energy bills, with people being charged thousands of dollars for just a few days of energy use. The skyrocketing bills are a result of the state’s years-long push to deregulate its energy market, says Tyson Slocum, director of Public Citizen’s Energy Program. “We are seeing in these deregulated environments unscrupulous companies preying on their assumption that households will not understand or read the fine print,” says Slocum. We also speak with Texas resident Akilah Scott-Amos, who saw her electricity bill jump to over $11,000 during the storm. “I have no problems with paying my fair share. But this is not fair,” says Scott-Amos. o ⚓ An_11-year-old_boy_died_after_his_mobile_home_lost_power._His family_is_suing_Texas_utility_companies_for_$100M.⠀⇛ The lawsuit, which was first reported by the Houston Chronicle, accuses the power providers of gross negligence and alleges they “put profits over the welfare of people” by ignoring recommendations to winterize the power grid and misleading customers about how long rolling blackouts would last. “Despite having knowledge of the dire weather forecast for at least a week in advance, and the knowledge that the system was not prepared for more than a decade, ERCOT and Entergy failed to take any preemptory action that could have averted the crisis and were wholly unprepared to deal with the crisis at hand,” the lawsuit states. o ⚓ U.N._Climate_Change_Conferences_Are_Influenced_by_Fossil_Fuel Industry⠀⇛ But scraps will not save us. The Conference of the Parties will not save us. Market-based policies designed to serve fossil fuel interests will not save us. We have placed faith in world leaders for 26 years, sat patiently by as they passed inadequate policies such as the Kyoto Protocol, and have been ignored when we’ve demanded concrete change. Throughout its 25 iterations, COP has produced 25 failures, but has not once shifted decision- making power from polluters to marginalized people. Continuing to participate in this conference while hoping for a different outcome is not climate policy, it is insanity. The sole means of progress is a departure from COP in favor of real, radical change that prioritizes people from the regions most affected by the climate crisis. § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ * ⚓ Zuckerberg_feared_Facebook’s_conservative_users,_so_they_received special_treatment⠀⇛ Facebook has long shown its preference for right-wing content, but a new report has made it clearer than ever. On Sunday, BuzzFeed News published a piece featuring comments from former policy employees at Facebook. In it, they detailed how Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg would often personally get involved with policy decisions involving prominent conservative pundits and publishers. The Facebook head would overrule previously established policy in order to specifically land on more lenient outcomes for those right wing personalities. Many of these decisions, some of which have been reported on earlier, concern banning prolific users, such as Alex Jones, from the Facebook platform. However, we now have additional insight into Zuckerberg’s involvement in making sure conservative personalities succeeded on Facebook in order to avoid blowback from the right. * ⚓ A_Second_Internet_is_Needed_for_American_Survival_|_Opinion⠀⇛ For more than a decade, big tech has been fashioning addictive echo chambers to sort us into easily marketable cohorts, corroding our relationships with friends and families in the process. Rather than enlighten users and facilitate mutual understanding, it weakened our ability to reason by appealing to tribal instincts with sophisticated and difficult-to-resist techniques. Our social media feeds only let us see what suits us, what comports with our preconceived notions, what makes our brains feel good. And we never stop gorging. Addict and divide—that was big tech’s first move. Then it began, in both overt and devilishly subtle ways, to shut down open and honest dialogue—one of the hallmarks of American democracy, and of all genuinely free countries. Now big tech has revealed its ultimate plan: to remove from public discussion every single person who challenges its authority, holds alternative beliefs or thinks even a bit differently. Under the auspices of simply opting to not do business with certain users, they are starving individuals, companies and organizations of the fundamental means required to make a living. § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ Australian_News_Sites_Shocked_&_Upset_To_Learn_They_Don’t_Need_To_Rely On_Facebook_For_Traffic!⠀⇛ I am still perplexed and confounded at how many people seem to think that Facebook is the one at fault for blocking links to news in Australia. Again, the law (that was about to be approved by the Australian Parliament despite Facebook warning them months ago that it would be forced to block news links if it went forward in its current form) would have been a disaster for the open web. And that’s even if you believe that Facebook itself has been a disaster for the open web. You can say that Facebook is the worst company in the world… and still recognize that this was the right move. * ⚓ Microsoft,_EU_publishers_seek_Australia-style_news_payments⠀⇛ Microsoft is teaming up with European publishers to push for a system to make big tech platforms pay for news, raising the stakes in the brewing battle led by Australia to get Google and Facebook to pay for journalism. The U.S. tech giant and four big European Union news industry groups unveiled their plan Monday to work together on a solution to “mandate payments” for use of news content from online “gatekeepers with dominant market power.” § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ * ⚓ Biden_looks_to_recalibrate_relationship_with_Saudi_Arabia_and_Crown Prince_Mohammed_bin_Salman⠀⇛ As a candidate, Joe Biden branded Saudi Arabia a “pariah” state which must be punished for the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi and the killing of civilians in airstrikes in Yemen. “They’re murdering innocent people and they have to be held accountable,” he said in November 2019. “There is very little social redeeming value in the present government in Saudi Arabia.” * ⚓ Court_Tosses_Devin_Nunes’_Silly_SLAPP_Lawsuit_Against_CNN⠀⇛ As you may recall, Rep. Devin Nunes has spent the last few years suing all sorts of critics and journalists, in a vexatious bout of abusing the courts to try to stifle criticism. Most famously, Nunes sued a satirical cow on Twitter (that case is still ongoing). But in December of 2019 he sued CNN. As we noted at the time — despite a weird column by a media critic at the Washington Post saying that this case was “halfway decent” — the case seemed like the dumbest Nunes’ suit we’d seen so far. * ⚓ Guardian_Columnist’s_Firing_Over_Israel_Joke_Highlights_Paper’s Rightward_Drift⠀⇛ The Guardian has fired one of its columnists for its US edition, Nathan Robinson, because Robinson jokingly tweeted about US military aid to Israel. The Guardian’s US editor-in- chief, John Mulholland, charged Robinson with spreading “fake news.” Worse, Mulholland suggested that his columnist was promoting antisemitic tropes about Israel’s influence on the US government. § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ ‘Net_Neutrality_Hurt_Internet_Infrastructure_Investment’_Is_The_Bad Faith_Lie_That_Simply_Won’t_Die⠀⇛ Since the very beginning of the net neutrality debate, ISPs have repeatedly (and falsely) proclaimed that net neutrality rules (read: stopgap rules crafted in the absence of competition to stop giant monopolies from abusing their power) utterly demolished broadband sector investment. It was a primary talking point during the battle over the flimsy 2010 rules, utilized extensively during the 2015 passage of slightly tougher rules, and was foundational in the Trump FCC’s arguments justifying their hugely unpopular and fraud prone repeal of those rules. § Monopolies⠀➾ * § Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ Agency_Action_and_Issue_Preclusion⠀⇛ In a split-decision, the majority has sided with the patentee and vacated a PTAB inter partes reexamination decision cancelling the claims of SynQor’s U.S. Patent No. 7,072,190. Judge Hughes wrote the majority decision that was joined by Judge Clevenger focusing on the procedural issues of collateral estoppel and mootness. Judge Dyk wrote in dissent — arguing that reexamination decisions do not create issue preclusion — they are “examination” and “inquisitorial” rather than “adjudicatory.” Citing B & B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc., 575 U.S. 138 (2015). Issue Preclusion: Issue preclusion always involves a tribunal decision in a first case followed by a second case where the same issue is raised. When the stars align, the first decision finally settles the issue between the parties and precludes the party who lost on the issue in the first case from relitigating the same issue in the second case. The tricky aspects of the “cases” here is that they are inter partes reexamination proceedings. Back in 2011, Vicor petitioned for pre-AIA inter partes reexamination of three closely-related SynQor patents. First Case: Two of the reexaminations reached the PTAB first — and the PTAB sided with the patentee by holding that the asserted prior art could not be combined because of “incompatibilities in the frequency.” In its decision, the PTAB noted that both sides had presented evidence regarding the issue and expressly concluded that the patentee’s evidence was more credible than that presented by the patent challenger. The Federal Circuit then affirmed that decision on appeal, although the Federal Circuit was not asked to address the particular incompatibility issue. Second Case: When the third reexamination reached the PTAB, the Board changed course — now holding that the two references were not incompatible. [...] The patentee had added some claims during the reexamination, and the PTAB found them unpatentable. o ⚓ Cert_Denied_Feb_2021⠀⇛ The adidas decision confused me a bit – the court has held over other cases on the same question awaiting the outcome in Arthrex that is set for Oral arguments on March 1, 2021. Nike’s patents are challenged. U.S. Patent No. 7,814,598 and No. 8,266,749. The claims appear to be broadly directed to making a shoe-upper from cloth made in a circular knitting machine. o ⚓ Court_of_Appeal_overturns_Vodafone’s_Crown_use_defence_in_IPCom dispute⠀⇛ Standard essential patent EP 25 79 666 B1 is part of IPCom’s 100 patent family and protects a method for access rights in telecommunication networks, which can impact emergency call functions. In first-instance proceedings, the UK High Court found that Vodafone had partially infringed the patent. However, IPCom did not obtain a conviction, since Vodafone had invoked the so- called Crown use privilege. The patent expired in February 2020. Both parties appealed the High Court judgment. Last Friday, the Court of Appeal upheld IPCom’s contention that Crown use does not cover Vodafone’s use of the SEP. On the other hand, the Court of Appeal agreed with the High Court that Vodafone’s use of the technology in unrestricted networks did not constitute infringement. In the judgment, this is referred to as ‘set up to send.’ Vodafone will seek permission to appeal directly to the Supreme Court. According to JUVE Patent sources, if the sides do not reach a settlement, Vodafone might have to pay damages to IPCom. Furthermore, oppositions against EP 666 are still pending at the European Patent Office. There is still a chance that the patent could be revoked. [...] As in previous proceedings, Bristows partner Myles Jelf represented IPCom, in a relationship ongoing since 2008. The UK boutique also worked closely with IPCom’s in-house team, led by recently-appointed managing director, Pio Suh. The UK government’s in-house legal team, the Government Legal Department, instructed two solicitors from Hogarth and Monkton chambers respectively. In the UK, Bird & Bird in a team led by partner Richard Vary have also acted for Nokia in interventions related to the case. o ⚓ FOSS_Patents:_Sisvel_v._Haier_II:_no_patent_ambush_defense against_acquirer_of_standard-essential_patent,_Germany’s_Federal Court_of_Justice_holds⠀⇛ The bad news is already in the headline: if you get sued in Germany over a standard-essential patent (SEP) and the original patent holder engaged in patent ambush (thereby defrauding the standard-setting process), but the party asserting the patent against you now acquired the patent subsequently to standardization, you don’t have a patent ambush-based defense in Germany. The good news–for me personally–is that the Federal Court of Justice of Germany has published a decision that validates something I wrote about two years ago. In March 2019, Judge Dr. Thomas Kuehnen (“Kühnen” in German) of the Dusseldorf Higher Regional Court ruled on appeal brought by Huawei in the German part of its dispute with Unwired Planet, further to a hearing in which he had already lashed out the practice of privateering (operating companies assigning patents to trolls). In that March 2019 ruling, the Dusseldorf appeals court held that the ND (non-discrimination) part of FRAND precluded the acquirer of a patent from seeking royalties at a rate inconsistent with the licensing practices of a previous owner of that patent. In my commentary, I welcomed the result, but crticized the derivation very harshly as “legislat[ing] from the bench as if patent law were a parallel universe.” I said so because Judge Kuehnen’s theory involved the notion that the FRAND promise and all that goes with it attached itself to a patent just like “in rem” rights in connection real estate, where a right of way may allow neighbors to lay telephone lines on your property–as opposed to an inter partes agreement, which wouldn’t give a future acquirer any rights. [...] The Federal Court of Justice has now clarified that, other than Art. 15(3) Patent Act on licenses surviving patent transfers, the acquirer of a patent is not responsible in any way for what a prior owner of that patent did. If a given SEP was previously licensed at a lower rate than the one an acquirer is demanding now, that may very well be taken into consideration by a court. The terms of comparable license agreements matter, and if a license deal involves the same patent and a similarly-situated licensee, it may be particularly comparable and, therefore, a court may afford it a lot of weight in the FRAND analysis. Nevertheless, an acquirer of a patent doesn’t engage in discriminatory treatment of licensees only because an inconsistency between the terms it is seeking now and the ones on which a prior owner of the same patent granted someone a license. If an implementer of a standard has a patent ambush defense, it may just have to bring that one as an antitrust damages claim against the original patent owner who participated in the standard-setting process. And if a prior holder of the patent contented itself with substantially lower royalties than its acquirer, that may inform the FRAND analysis, but does not all by itself constitute discrimination. o § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ JustService_patent_determined_to_be_likely_invalid⠀⇛ On February 18, 2021, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) instituted trial on all challenged claims of U.S. Patent 10,476,868, owned and asserted by JustService.net, LLC, an NPE. The ’868 patent is related to cloud and data-storage technology and is currently being asserted against Dropbox. In the decision, the Board analyzed real party in interest and Fintiv trial-date discretionary denials, and found that neither were a bar to institution; on Fintiv, the Board found that the petition was filed early enough that the Western District trial schedule presented no conflict with the proceeding before the Board. # ⚓ $1,500_for_StratosAudio_’081_prior_art_—_Unified_Patents⠀⇛ On February 3, 2021, Unified Patents added a new PATROLL contest, with a $1,500 cash prize, seeking prior art on at least claims 9-11 of U.S. Patent 8,166,081. The patent is owned by StratosAudio, an NPE. The ’081 patent generally relates to media advertising and in particular to systems and methods for associating an advertising media signal with another media signal. It is currently being asserted against Volvo, Hyundai, Subaru, Volkswagen, and Mazda. * § Copyrights⠀➾ o ⚓ U.S._Copyright_Groups_Praise_UAE’s_Enforcement_Against_‘Illegal’ VPN_and_Tor_Use⠀⇛ The IIPA, which represents the MPA, RIAA, and other entertainment industry groups, is pleased with the United Arab Emirates’ strict enforcement against the use of VPNs and Tor to access pirate sites. The industry group, however, urges the UAE authorities to go a step further and require VPNs to actively ban copyright-infringing activity. o ⚓ Kim_Dotcom,_United_States_&_NZ_Supreme_Court_All_Agree_to_Court of_Appeal_Referral⠀⇛ Following a rare moment of agreement, requests from Kim Dotcom and the United States government to refer the extradition case back to the Court of Appeal have been approved by the Supreme Court. The decision marks a split among the Megaupload defendants, after a request from Mathias Ortmann, Finn Batato, and Bram van der Kolk to have the matter heard by a faster route was denied. o ⚓ Karma:_Twitch_Replaces_Live_Metallica_Concert_With_8-Bit_Music_To Avoid_Copyright_Madness⠀⇛ Long time copyright watchers know that Metallica sullied its reputation with tons of fans when it was the first band to sue the file sharing upstart Napster back in 2000 (and also sued three universities for “not blocking Napster”). The band’s drummer, Lars Ulrich, became an outspoken critic of file sharing and the internet, the early face of super wealthy musicians whining about the internet changing the way they did things, leading to the classic Money Good! Napster Bad! meme. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3506 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_23/2/2021:_Tails_4.16,_Libinput_1.17,_Fwupd_1.5.7,_Firefox_86,_NeoChat 1.1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 5:28 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ What_makes_the_Linux_community_special?⠀⇛ In 2021, there are more reasons why people love Linux than ever before. In this series, I’ll share 21 different reasons to use Linux. The community is a cornerstone reason to use Linux. Many a Linux user has said that the key feature of Linux is its community. That might seem strange to a new user because “community” is a pretty popular term these days. There are actual jobs for building and managing communities. With communities seemingly a dime a dozen, what makes the Linux community unique? o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Sfeed:_Peak_Minimal_RSS_Feed_Reader_–_YouTube⠀⇛ Newsboat is my personal favourite RSS feed reader but it’s not the most minimal option out there but there is one program that stands out in the minimal space and that is sfeed which is barely even an RSS feed reader it’s more of an RSS feed parser. # ⚓ Linux_Rules_2021⠀⇛ How Linux has dominated in 2021 and will continue to. # ⚓ This_is_NOT_how_Open_Source_works_–_Common_Myths_and misconceptions⠀⇛ A lot of people assume open source projects, as they are community driven, are completely malleable, and subject to the desires of their users. Other people think that open source means free, as in “no charge”, and others even mistake open source for “privacy respecting”. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.11.1⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.11.1 kernel. All users of the 5.11 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 5.11.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.11.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ Linux_5.10.18⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.4.100⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.19.177⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.14.222⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.9.258⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.4.258⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.12_Adds_eMMC_Inline_Encryption_For_Better Performance,_Lower_Power_Use⠀⇛ Thanks to Google engineers the Linux 5.12 kernel is providing punctual support for eMMC inline encryption that is being ratified with a forthcoming specification update and already being found within some mobile hardware. Inline encryption for eMMC is able to enhance the storage encryption performance while also being more power efficient. This eMMC support builds off the existing Linux kernel FSCRYPT support around inline encryption. UFS support for inline encryption was upstreamed in Linux 5.9 as well while now the eMMC support is ready to make its premiere. # ⚓ Purism_and_Linux_5.11⠀⇛ Following up on our report for Linux 5.9 and 5.10, this summarizes the progress on mainline support for the Librem 5 phone and its development kit during the 5.11 development cycle. # ⚓ VMware_Engineer_Revises_Work_On_Concurrent_TLB_Flushes_For Linux⠀⇛ After a two year hiatus on the patches, VMware’s Nadav Amit has gotten back to working on current TLB flushing support for the Linux kernel in yielding a small but measurable performance improvement. Nadav has been working on Linux patches to allow for flushing of remote and local TLBs concurrently. Back in mid 2019 numbers shared by him pointed up to a 1~4% performance improvement on average under sysbench for these patches. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Radeon_RADV_Driver_Enables_Displayable_DCC_For_Some Performance_Benefit⠀⇛ The open-source Mesa Radeon Vulkan driver “RADV” has now enabled displayable DCC (Delta Color Compression) support that should yield some performance benefit while there still is more work to be completed. Google engineer and RADV co-founder Bas Nieuwenhuizen has merged the displayable DCC support into this open-source Radeon Vulkan driver. Delta Color Compression can help with video memory bandwidth savings for both dGPUs and APUs by basically storing pixel differences within a block as a delta relative to one pixel at full precision per block, which often times c can mean measurable bandwidth savings and in turn greater performance. # ⚓ Libinput_1.17⠀⇛ libinput 1.17.0 is now available. A bunch of changes to the libinput record and libinput replay tools and some general cleanup and a new tool, see below. The library itself is basically the same it was with the last RC though. A new debugging tool has been added: libinput analyze recording. This tool takes the files produced by libinput record and prints the content in a tabular form. The goal here is to make it easier to analyze and understand what type of data a device sends. As is traditional, the RC1 announcement email with the changes since 1.16.x so I don't have to retype them: The big new feature is tap-and-drag with two and three fingers. Previously, tap-and-drag could only be used to left-click and drag, it is now possible to right/middle-click tap and then drag with one finger while the button is held logically down. Wacom's AES tablets no longer have smoothing enabled, it looks like those devices don't need it. This should make the tablets more responsive and accurate. The quirks system has a few new attributes that make it easier to quirk broken devices without recompiling. As you've seen on the 1.16.x releases, the "your system is too slow" is now ratelimited to merely 5 an hour. There's nothing a user can usually do about this anyway, so not spamming the logs seems a bit more user-friendly. A new debugging tool: libinput analyze touch- down-state This tool visualises the touch state over time (using a libinput record log as input), making it easier to debug stuck touches or hw issues where ghost touches are detected. Other than that, the fixes are all over the place and it's hard to narrow it down to useful groups. Please see the git shortlog below for details. Peter Hutterer (18): meson.build: drop the dummy config data and use copy: true instead meson.build: consolidate all man pages tools/record: correct the evdev data format in the man page tools/record: de-inline our functions tools/record: fix outdated comment tools/record: print a header as first line tools/replay: search for the first event with a timestamp tools/replay: Enter quits if there are no events tools/record: simplify the behavior to emulate Python's join() utils: add a safe version of basename tools/record: use safe_basename() to get to the hid report descriptor tools/record: reword parts of the man page tools/record: switch record over to using epoll tools/record: use a helper function to get the next event for a device meson.build: build libinput replay as well tools: add a tool to print a libinput recording as a table tools/record: fix two coverity complaints libinput 1.17.0 satrmb (1): test: add test cases for 2/3 finger movement after drag-lock yuri1969 (1): Fix worng quirk name in doc git tag: 1.17.0 # ⚓ Libinput_1.17_Brings_New_Debugging_Tool,_2/3_Finger Tap-And-Drag⠀⇛ Libinput 1.17 is out as the newest version of this Wayland/X.Org input handling library for the Linux desktop. Libinput 1.17 brings improvements to the libinput record/replay tools, adds a new libinput analyze recording command to analyze recorded libinput events, and support for tap-and-drag with two and three fingers. This new tag-and-drag implementation should be more versatile and easier to engage. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Is_the_Best_Compression_Tool_in_Linux?⠀⇛ In this article, we will compare all the best and most popular Linux compression tools. This will include benchmark tests to see which compression method performs the best, and we’ll also weigh the pros and cons of compatibility and other areas. Compression methods covered will be gzip, xz, bzip2, 7zip, zip, rar, and zstd (Zstandard). Linux gives us a lot of options when we need to compress files. While that’s definitely a good thing, it can lead to confusion about which one should be used. Let’s start by comparing each method across a few key areas. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Fwupd_1.5.7_Adds_Initial_Support_for_BlueZ_Bluetooth Devices,_More_Improvements⠀⇛ Coming just a week after fwupd 1.5.6, the fwupd 1.5.7 release is here with initial support for BlueZ Bluetooth devices, which means that you’ll soon be able to update the firmware of your Bluetooth devices supporting Linux’s BlueZ Bluetooth stack. In addition, this release adds support for the RTD21xx HDMI converter, support for more pixart devices, the ability to convert MBR types to GPT GUIDs to help find the ESP, as well as the ability to no longer update a synaptics-mst device that doesn’t have a customer ID. # ⚓ 3_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Web-Based_XMPP_Clients⠀⇛ XMPP (also known as Jabber) is an open and free alternative to commercial messaging and chat providers. It is a secure battle-tested protocol developed by an independent standards organization. XMPP was designed for real-time communication, which powers a wide range of applications including instant messaging, presence, media negotiation, whiteboarding, collaboration, lightweight middleware, content syndication, EDI, RPC and more. The “X” in XMPP stands for “Extensible”, which means the core protocol is updated and extended with more features through a transparent process at the non-profit XMPP Standards Foundation every now and then. This results in some clients not implementing every feature of XMPP; for example, a typical instant messaging client won’t implement Internet-of-Things functionality. # ⚓ Ardour_6.6_Open-Source_DAW_Makes_Editing_Automation_Much Faster_and_Simpler⠀⇛ Ardour 6.6 comes three months after Ardour 6.5 with two new features that make editing automation much faster and simpler than ever before. These include the ability to automatically display the automation-lane when touching a control and the ability for the auto-shown automation parameters to automatically enter touch mode when graphically adding a new control point. This release also introduces the ability to keep track of xruns (overruns and underruns) per file when recording, support for processing MIDI sysex messages, such as MIDI Tuning Standard (MTS) messages, via the ACE Fluidsynth plugin, as well as new Lua scripts for sending arbitrary 12TET tuning (A = XXX Hz) and tuning defined in a Scala file as MTS messages. # ⚓ Appnativefy_–_Turn_Any_Website_into_Single_Executable Appimage⠀⇛ Want to create web apps into the portable Appimage package format? Appnativefy is a simple tool to do the job. Appnativefy is a simple command line tool to make executable AppImage files from any website, it uses the Nativefier API in the backend, with AppImageKIt. Appimage is an universal Linux package format. Different to other packages, you don’t need to install it. Just make it executable and run to launch program! # ⚓ 2021-2:_“How_to_issue_a_Central_Bank_Digital_Currency” published⠀⇛ With the emergence of Bitcoin and recently proposed stablecoins from BigTechs, such asDiem (formerly Libra), central banks face a choice of either leaving the field to private actorsor offering their own digital alternative to physical cash. We do not address whether a centralbank should issue a central bank digital currency (CBDC). Instead, we demonstrate how acentral bank could do so, if desired or needed. We propose a token-based system withoutdistributed ledger technology and show how earlier-deployed, software-only electronic cashcan be improved upon to preserve transaction privacy, meet regulatory requirements in acompelling way, and offer a level of quantum-resistant protection against systemic privacyrisk. Neither monetary policy nor financial stability would be materially affected because ourCBDC would replicate physical cash rather than bank deposits. # ⚓ dav1d_0.8.2_AV1_Decoder_Showing_Nice_Uplift_On_Intel,_AMD CPUs⠀⇛ Released yesterday was dav1d 0.8.2 as a fairly significant update to this AV1 CPU-based decoder. For those wondering what this update means for performance, here are some initial benchmarks. # ⚓ Telegram_Desktop_2.6_Released_with_Disappearing_Messages_in Chats,_Groups,_and_Channels⠀⇛ Unlike Signal and WhatsApp, Telegram didn’t offer a dedicated disappearing messages mode, until now. Telegram Desktop 2.6 lets you set messages to auto- delete for everyone 24 hours or 7 days after they’ve been sent, and the best thing is that the feature works on any chat, as well as in groups and channels where you’re an admin. To use the new disappearing messages feature in chats or groups, you’ll have to right click on the respective chat in the chat list where you want to enable auto-delete, go to Clear History, and then click on Enable Auto-Delete. Only in chats, you can also enable auto-delete by clicking on Clear History on the right side pane. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Selectively_reusing_commands_on_Linux_|_Network_World⠀⇛ The Linux command line allows your system to remember commands that you use—up to a limit set by your HISTSIZE variable. Since each user’s HISTSIZE is generally set to 1000, that means Linux can remember the last 1000 commands you entered and make it easy to reuse them without retyping them. # ⚓ Using_Irssi_inside_a_Linux_tmux_session_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Irssi is a terminal-based Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client for *nix systems. From the Irssi man page: Irssi is a modular Internet Relay Chat client. It is highly extensible and very secure. Being a fullscreen, termcap based client with many features, Irssi is easily extensible through scripts and modules. # ⚓ Fix_Nginx_Error:_413_Request_Entity_Too_Large⠀⇛ When Nginx is used as a backend server for web apps like WordPress, Drupal, etc. (which are usually PHP and MySQL Database based), many users come across the error: ‘413 – Request Entity Too Large’. This error occurs whenever a user tries to upload a file that is greater than the configured maximum upload file size. The default limit for file upload size is 1 MB as defined in the Nginx configuration. # ⚓ How_to_get_started_with_FUZIX_on_Raspberry_Pi_Pico ⠀⇛ FUZIX is an old-school Unix clone that was initially written for the 8-bit Zilog Z80 processor and released by Alan Cox in 2014. At one time one of the most active Linux developers, Cox stepped back from kernel development in 2013. While the initial announcement has been lost in the mists because he made it on the now defunct Google+, Cox jokingly recommended the system for those longing for the good old days when all the source code still fitted on a single floppy disk. [...] Since then FUZIX has been ported to other architectures such as 6502, 68000, and the MSP430. Earlier in the week David Given — who wrote both the MSP430 and ESP8266 ports — went ahead and ported it to Raspberry Pi Pico and RP2040. So you can now run Unix on a $4 microcontroller. # ⚓ How_To_Install_The_Default_GNOME_Shell_Theme_(Adwaita)_On Ubuntu_20.04,_20.10_And_21.04_–_Linux_Uprising_Blog⠀⇛ This article explains how to install the default GNOME Shell theme, Adwaita, on Ubuntu 20.04, 20.10 and 21.04 (hint: it’s trickier than you would think). The GNOME Shell theme is the theme used for the top panel, activities overview, system dialog and notifications. GNOME uses Adwaita as its default theme for both GTK and GNOME Shell. You may want to use the default GNOME Shell theme not only because you don’t like Yaru GNOME Shell theme, or you’re a fan of Adwaita, but also because you may want to test things using the default GNOME Shell theme (this is why I needed this actually). Ubuntu ships with Yaru as the default GTK and GNOME Shell theme. While Adwaita GTK theme comes preinstalled on Ubuntu, the Adwaita GNOME Shell theme is trickier to install, even though you actually already have it, but it doesn’t show up in GNOME Tweaks / can’t be used by default. # ⚓ A_guide_to_Python_virtual_environments_with virtualenvwrapper⠀⇛ For some time, Python has included support for managing virtual environments. Python 3.3 even added the built-in venv module for creating environments without third-party libraries. Python programmers use several different tools to manage their environments, and the one I use is called virtualenvwrapper. Virtual environments are a way of separating your Python project and its dependencies from your system-installed Python. If you use a macOS or Linux-based operating system, it very likely comes with a version of Python as part of the installation, and in fact, it will probably be dependent on that particular version of Python to function properly. But it’s your computer, and you may want to use it for your own purposes. You may need to install another version of Python than the operating system provides. You may need to install some additional libraries, too. Although it’s possible to upgrade your system Python, it’s not recommended. It’s also possible to install other libraries, but you must take care not to interfere with anything the system relies on. # ⚓ Oracle_Linux_8_Advanced_System_Administration_Certification Exam⠀⇛ In response to increasing interest from the Oracle Linux user community in an updated certification exam, we are pleased to announce the availability of the certification exam for Oracle Linux 8. The Oracle Linux 8 Advanced System Administration Certification Exam is now available: https:// education.oracle.com/oracle-linux-8-advanced- system-administration/pexam_1Z0-106 By passing this exam, a certified individual proves fluency and a solid understanding of the skills required to deploy, configure, and administer an Oracle Linux 8 production server environment. Reap the benefits of earning an Oracle Certification. Expand your knowledge base and validate your skills to appeal to potential employers. Broaden your network and join 1.8 million Oracle Certified professionals. Gain exposure to a wide variety of important features, functions and tasks to use on the job. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Wireshark_on_Debian_10_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Wireshark on Debian 10. For those of you who didn’t know, Wireshark is a free and open-source network protocol analyzer. With Wireshark, you can capture incoming and outgoing packets of a network in real- time and use it for network troubleshooting, packet analysis, software and communication protocol development, and many more. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step by step installation of Wireshark open-source network analysis and packet investigation on a Debian 10 (Buster). # ⚓ How_to_Block_a_Port_Using_a_Firewall_in_Linux⠀⇛ A firewall is either a software-based or, in some cases, a hardware-based security system for networks. It automatically monitors traffic inflow and outflow on the system and blocks certain kinds of data flow based on rules, which are pre- configured. In Linux, Firewalld and UFW are two of the most popular Firewall software. They are used for all kinds of traffic blocking; from blocking a certain website, to blocking a specific server. Today we will learn how to use these two Firewalls to block a specific port in Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Mattermost_Desktop_on_Ubuntu_20.04_– TecAdmin⠀⇛ Mattermost Desktop is the client application for the Desktop systems to user their mattermost account. You must have Mattermost server installed in your self-managed instance or signup for the Mattermost cloud. For this tutorial, I have created an account on Mattermost cloud free version. You can go with professional or enterprise edition as per your requirements. This tutorial describe you to how to install Mattermost desktop client on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Fildem_Global_Menu_And_HUD_For_GNOME_Shell On_Debian_/_Ubuntu,_Fedora_Or_Arch_Linux_/_Manjaro⠀⇛ Fildem is a global menu and HUD for GNOME Shell. It was forked from the GNOME HUD project, and then made to also support adding a global menu to GNOME Shell. This article explains how to install this on Debian / Ubuntu, Fedora and Arch Linux / Manjaro. Using this, the menu that’s usually built into the application window is displayed on the top GNOME Shell panel. Thanks to the HUD functionality (which is brought up by using the Alt + Space keyboard shortcut), you can also use this to search through the application menu, very useful for applications with vast menus, like GIMP for example. The Fildem global menu is set to automatically hide and only become visible on mouse over, but this can be changed, so you can have an always visible global menu if you want. # ⚓ How_to_Install_OSRM_on_Ubuntu_20.04_–_Open_Source_Routing Machine⠀⇛ OSRM (Open Source Routing Machine) is a super fast routing engine for OpenStreetMap (OSM) road networks. In previous tutorials, we explained the process of setting up a self-hosted OpenStreetMap tile server and how to add address lookup functionality to your map with Nominatim. This tutorial is going to show you how to add navigation functionality to your OpenStreetMap with OSRM, which provides car routing, bike routing, and walk routing. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ruby_on_Rails_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Ruby and Rails commonly known as “Rails” is an open-source web application framework. Ruby and Rails framework is written in Ruby programming language which helps you to create highly powerful websites and applications. Rails is a server-side web application framework that follows the MVC concept. In the previous article, we discussed Ruby installation on Ubuntu 20.04. In this article, we are going to learn how to install the Ruby and Rails framework on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Shopware_6_with_NGINX_and_Let’s_Encrypt_on CentOS_8⠀⇛ Shopware is a free and open-source platform that helps you to start your own e-commerce website to power your online business. It provides a lot of useful tools that help you to build and customize a fully responsive online store. It is very similar to Magento. Compared to Magento, Shopware is a very powerful, easy-to-use, and flexible application. It helps you to create and manage content and products easily from any device with its modern user interface. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Shopware with Nginx and Let’s Encrypt SSL on CentOS 8. # ⚓ How_to_install_Cockpit_Server_manager_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Manage your command-line Ubuntu 20.04 or 18.04 LTS server using the web-based graphical user interface of the Cockpit server Manager. With Cockpit, a Linux system can be conveniently administered and controlled remotely using a browser. Among other things, the admin can take a look at the systemd journal, checks the load, starts and stops services, access terminal with root rights, and more. Thanks to responsive design, the user interface automatically adapts to different screen sizes, which in turn enables convenient access via smartphones. # ⚓ How_to_install_WoeUSB_on_Debian_10_Buster-_Bootable_USB creator⠀⇛ WoeUSB on Debian can be used to create Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, or XP bootable USB drives with just a few clicks, Here we will learn how to install WoeUSB-ng on Debian 10 Buster or 11 Bullseye. Although there are many USB bootable creator software such as Etcher, Unetbootin, and more for Linux distros, however, if you want to have a dedicated one to create a bootable pen drive for Windows DVD or image then WoUSB is here. Because when it comes to writing Windows ISO images, many USB bootable creator programs don’t work as they should, that’s the reason why WoeUSB is popular. You can check our out 7 Best Ubuntu live USB creators to Download & Use. # ⚓ How_to_lock_&_unlock_multiple_users_in_Linux⠀⇛ ‘usermod’ & ‘passwd’ commands are used to lock or unlock one user account at a time, but you may need to write some small shell scripts to perform this action in multiple user accounts. In this tutorial, we will explain how to lock and unlock multiple user accounts simultaneously in Linux using a shell script. # ⚓ Installing_Red_Hat_OpenShift_API_Management_–_Red_Hat Developer⠀⇛ Red Hat OpenShift API Management is a new managed application service designed as an add-on to Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated. The service provides developers with a streamlined experience when developing and delivering microservices applications with an API-first approach. OpenShift API Management was built on the success of 3scale API Management and designed to let developers easily share, secure, reuse, and discover APIs when developing applications. This article shows you how to install OpenShift API Management as an add-on to your OpenShift Dedicated cluster. As you will see, it takes less than 10 minutes to install, configure, administer, and be up and running with OpenShift API Management. Check the end of the article for the included video demonstration. # ⚓ Killing_frozen_applications_in_Ubuntu_20.0⠀⇛ At times, in a computer system when applications are running the system might freeze and does not respond. This seems annoying since users are not even able to close the program by using the X icon on the UI of the application. This is because the processes/applications are not responding and they will not simply be closed by the UI method. Even continuous rebooting of your system does not seem to be a suitable solution. Sometimes, users have many critical data that could be unsaved. There are solutions to such problems that are easily adaptable and will cover them in this article. In Ubuntu, there are many methods used to kill such frozen applications in which users are not required to reboot their systems. xkill, and system monitor utility are the famous methods used along with kill, pkill, and killall commands. In this article, I will show you 3 different ways of killing frozen applications on an Ubuntu 20.04 system using GUI as well as the command line. # ⚓ Check_Your_Disk_Usage_Using_‘duf’_Terminal_Tool_[Friendly Alternative_to_du_and_df_commands]⠀⇛ Before I knew about this utility, I preferred using a GUI program like Stacer or the pre-installed GNOME Disk usage app to check free disk space and the disk usage numbers for my system. However, duf seems to be a useful terminal tool to check disk usage and free space that is written in Golang. Even though Abhishek suggested me to give this a try, I found it more interesting, especially considering that I’m currently learning Golang, what a coincidence! It is fairly easy to use no matter whether you are a terminal guru or just a beginner not comfortable with the terminal. It is certainly easier to understand than the df command for checking disk space utilization. Let me highlight some of the key features and its usage before you get it installed on your system. # ⚓ 5_steps_to_manage_your_first_API_using_Red_Hat_OpenShift API_Management_–_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Companies are increasingly using hosted and managed services to deliver on application modernization efforts and reduce the burden of managing cloud infrastructure. The recent release of Red Hat OpenShift API Management makes it easier than ever to get your own dedicated instance of Red Hat 3scale API Management running on Red Hat OpenShift Dedicated. This article is for developers who want to learn how to use Red Hat’s hosted and managed services to automatically import and manage exposed APIs. We’ll deploy a Quarkus application on OpenShift Dedicated, then use OpenShift API Management to add API key security. See the end of the article for a video demonstration of the workflow described. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Release_candidate:_Godot_3.2.4_RC_3⠀⇛ Godot 3.2.4 is shaping up nicely, and a number of issues have been fixed since the second Release Candidate. A few late features have also been included because they were too good to keep waiting (such as improved Inspector subresource editing and node copy-paste support). So it’s now time for a RC 3 build to give it another round of testing before the stable release! # ⚓ Stone_Age_co-op_farming_sim_Roots_of_Pacha_is_live_on Kickstarter⠀⇛ You’ve played plenty of farming sims by now or at least seen plenty but have you done some farming in the Stone Age? Roots of Pacha is coming to Linux and it’s live on Kickstarter. In the game you will help your clan settle down and begin to build up a thriving Stone Age civilization. According to developer Soda Den, Roots of Pacha is first and foremost a farming game but there’s no shop to buy animals or seeds. Instead you need to connect with nature, do some exploring and discover what the world has to offer to discover and learn. Progression is done through the sharing of ideas like a prehistoric research tree, and it’s up to you to speak to clan members and agree (or not) to their ideas. # ⚓ Sony_PlayStation_DualSense_Driver_Headlines_The_HID_Updates For_Linux_5.12_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The HID subsystem updates were sent in this morning for the ongoing Linux 5.12 merge window. Most significant to the HID updates in this kernel is the introduction of the Sony PlayStation 5 DualSense controller driver. Sony published this driver back at the end of last year and is fully open-source and supporting USB and Bluetooth modes of operation and all key features from LEDs and motion sensors to battery reporting, rumble, light bar control, and more. Sony is expected to expand the hardware support handled by this driver in due course. # ⚓ Go_on_a_journey_through_time_in_Two_Point_Hospital:_A Stitch_in_Time_out_now⠀⇛ Two Point Studios and SEGA just surprise released the latest expansion for the comedy building and management sim Two Point Hospital with Two Point Hospital: A Stitch in Time out now. Everything’s getting a bit wibbly wobbly, timey wimey as the saying goes with you joining someone named Captain Yesterday who has created the Yesterizer. You’ll be jumping through time across three new levels, well, one level that you play through three different time periods. # ⚓ Google,_Bungie,_id_Software_all_under_fire_in_a_new_Stadia lawsuit_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ One day Google might catch a break with their cloud gaming service Stadia but it’s not now and perhaps rightfully so in this case. There’s a new proposed class action lawsuit filed by a New York resident over the streaming quality and display resolution on Stadia. As pick up initially by ClassAction, the lawsuit doesn’t just involve Google. They’re taking aim at Bungie and id Software claiming they all mislead players about the expected resolution when getting people to pay upfront for the Founder’s Edition and Premier Edition bundles that came with the Stadia Controller and a Chromecast Ultra. The lawsuit was originally filed in October 2020, with it only recently being moved from Queens County Superior Court to the New York federal court on February 12 so it’s all still ongoing and these things tend to take plenty of time. # ⚓ Jupiter_Hell_0.9.7_‘Expanse’_is_out,_full_release_planned for_August_5_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ After being in Early Access for 18 months following a successful Kickstarter campaign, the brutal and brilliant roguelike Jupiter Hell will leave Early Access on August 5. Acting as the successor to DRL (DoomRL which had to be renamed), It’s certainly no secret that I’m a massive Jupiter Hell fan, with it’s Doom inspired take on the roguelike genre with big moody scenes and some pretty furious action. The movement system in it is so good it almost feels real-time but it’s very much turn-based. Not only does it now have a 1.0 release date for August 5, ChaosForge have also now announced they’ve teamed up with Hyperstrange to help them with the publishing side of things. There’s still 5 big updates due before release, and they’ve confirmed their intention to continue updating the game after release which is exciting. [...] Jupiter Hell performs really well on Linux too… # ⚓ KUR_is_an_upcoming_retro-styled_FPS_where_you’ll_be_kicking flesh-wearing_robots⠀⇛ Linux support is confirmed (we spoke to the publisher) and it’s planned to launch sometime later this year. # ⚓ Transport_Fever_2_gets_a_huge_upgrade_with_Vulkan_API support_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Urban Games are showing their dedication to Transport Fever 2, as they just today release a massive overhaul to the rendering system along with adding support for the Vulkan API. The first major update since July 2020 and along with a build for macOS it includes plenty of enhancements. With Vulkan support now in, they didn’t just remove OpenGL so thankfully anyone who has a card good enough to run Transport Fever 2 that doesn’t support Vulkan isn’t just left out in the cold as there’s a switch to go between the APIs and it will fallback to OpenGL is the Vulkan extensions aren’t around. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Sok_2021_Update_2⠀⇛ I have completed a lot of the server side work now . I have figured out the endpoints on which the API will work . I have decided that /post/{platform} is going to be the endpoint where platforms are hard-coded as Twitter , Mastodon and Reddit. To complete the post you will have to call the API like this /post/{platform}?image= &text= One big advantage with FastAPI is that you can just do localhost:8000/redoc to get the redocs api documentaion fo the same and no additional work needs to be on the server side. # ⚓ What_is_the_KDE_Editor_in_Linux?⠀⇛ Using a Linux distribution that uses a KDE desktop, you will see a couple of options concerning text editors. The KDE project will officially support a couple of editors, such as Kate and KWrite. Both are graphical text editors containing several advanced features and some extra niceties found in some common standard editors. This section will describe each editor and also the features that you may use in shell scripting. This is the basic editor for the KDE environment. It offers word-style text editing with support for code syntax editing and highlighting and is used for different programming languages. It uses color-coding to distinguish comments, constants, and functions. You should notice that the for loop carries an icon that connects the opening and closing braces. The editing window provides cut-and-paste capabilities. # ⚓ NeoChat_1.1⠀⇛ Exactly 2 months after NeoChat 1.0, the NeoChat team is happy to announce a new release of NeoChat. NeoChat is a native client for the decentralized communication network Matrix. Aside from the many bug fixes, performance improvements, and subtle appearance improvements, NeoChat 1.1 brings many new features that will make your experience with it more convenient. Thanks to the work of Hannah, Nicolas, and Tobias, this release also brings NeoChat to many more platforms. Nightly builds of NeoChat are now available on Android, Flatpak, AppImage, macOS and Windows. Not all of them are considered production ready, but we hope to improve the support for them in future release. # ⚓ Plasma_Mobile_applications_tarball_releases⠀⇛ Plasma Mobile team is happy to announce availability of tarballs for several of Plasma Mobile applications, they are available to download from download.kde.org # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.21’s_First_Point_Release_Improves Support_for_Nvidia_Optimus_Laptops⠀⇛ KDE Plasma 5.21.1 is here just a week after the launch of KDE Plasma 5.21, which introduced a brand-new Kickoff application launchers, a new System Monitor app, a new dark theme, better Wayland support, and numerous other improvements. This first point release is a maintenance update that fixes bugs to improve the Plasma Wayland session on Nvidia Optimus laptops so it will no longer crash on login, improve the new System Monitor app to no longer crash on launch when not using the optional systemd startup feature, and make the Task Manager let you run third-party executable programs pinned to it. # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.21.1,_Bugfix_Release_for_February⠀⇛ Today KDE releases a bugfix update to KDE Plasma 5, versioned 5.21.1. Plasma 5.21 was released in February with many feature refinements and new modules to complete the desktop experience. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Genius_Mathematics_Tool_1.0.26_Is_Released⠀⇛ Genius is a fully featured calculator somewhat similar to programs like Matlab and Octave. It is written by math professor Jiří Lebl with mathematicians in mind. The latest version supports evaluations in the range boxes in the plotting window and it has numerous minor fixes under the hood. [...] Genius is one of the oldest GNOME projects still being maintained. It was first released all the way back in 1997. It is programmable, it has 2D and 3D plotting, support for rational numbers and it has a it’s own programming language. # ⚓ How_to_Install_GNOME_GUI_on_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ The GNOME desktop environment is the default GUI for AlmaLinux, but it doesn’t always come pre-installed, for example if you opted for a minimal install. In this guide, we’ll give you the commands you need in order to install GNOME on AlmaLinux. # ⚓ How_to_Migrate_From_CentOS_to_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ This article will go over the step by step instructions for migrating from CentOS Linux to AlmaLinux. # ⚓ GNOME_Shell_+_Mutter_40_Beta_Released_With_Wayland Improvements,_Overview_Redesign⠀⇛ GNOME 40 beta is coming together with the GNOME Shell and Mutter components having seen new releases on Monday. The GNOME Shell 40 Beta brings its redesign to the overview area, out-of-date extensions are now disabled by default, and a wide variety of fixes ranging from crash fixes to general bug fixes. The full list of GNOME Shell 40 Beta changes can be found via GNOME’s Gitlab. # ⚓ GNOME_Shell_40_and_multi-monitor⠀⇛ Multi-monitor has come up a fair bit in conversations about the GNOME Shell UX updates that are coming in GNOME 40. There’s been some uncertainty and anxiety in this area, so we wanted to provide more detail on what the multi-monitor experience will exactly be like, so people know what to expect. We also wanted to provide background on the decisions that have been made. Before we get into multi-monitor, a short status update! As you would expect for this stage in the development cycle, the main bulk of the UI changes are now in the GNOME Shell master branch. This was the result of a really hard push by Georges and Florian, so huge thanks to them! Anyone who is interested in following this work should ensure that they are running the master branch, and not the now redundant development branch. There are still a few relatively minor UI changes that we are hoping to land this cycle, but overall the emphasis is now on stabilisation and bug fixing, so if you are testing and have spotted any issues, now’s the time to report them. # ⚓ Here’s_How_Multi-Monitor_Support_Will_Work_on_GNOME 40⠀⇛ Long story short, multi-monitor support in GNOME 40 will work pretty much the same as it works in the current and previous releases of the widely used desktop environment for Linux-based operating systems, but with a few adjustments to accommodate the new Activities Overview design. Therefore, GNOME 40 will default to showing workspaces only on the primary display with the top bar and activities overview when using a dual display setup, but it will scale down the background on the secondary display to make it clear that it’s a single workspace. Check out the video below to see it in action. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ GeckoLinux_“Rolling”_Editions_Get_New_Releases_With KDE_Plasma_5.21,_Xfce_4.16,_GNOME_3.38,_and_More⠀⇛ GeckoLinux is an openSUSE-based Linux distribution which focuses on overall usability and a polished experience. [...] With openSUSE as the base, GeckoLinux is a very secure and versatile operating system that can handle anything the user throws at it. The package offered is appealing to both, experienced Linux users and new users who are looking to explore new distributions. Recently, the team behind GeckoLinux announced the release of an update for all of their ‘Rolling Editions‘ with updated desktop environments. Overall, let’s have a look at what the new release has on offer. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ New_“How_Do_You_Fedora”_video_series_to_interview members_of_the_community⠀⇛ A common answer to the question “What’s your favorite part about Fedora?” is often “the community”. Well, what’s so special about it? The Fedora community shares the common values of the “Four Foundations”: Freedom, Friends, Features and First. Beyond that, although there are many great minds, not all of them think alike! Everyone contributes different approaches to problems, interesting ideas, and diverse perspectives. There is a place in Fedora for anyone who wants to help. That’s why we’re launching a new video series on the Fedora Youtube channel profiling some of Fedora’s various contributors and how they use Fedora. The goal is to get to know some community members better, especially in a time where in-person community events might not be practical. # ⚓ Sharing_supplemental_groups_with_Podman_containers⠀⇛ Rootless Podman containers is a really cool feature that allows users to run almost all containers in their home directory without requiring any additional privileges. Rootless containers take advantage of the user namespace, as I explained in this blog. Sometimes the user namespace and other container security layers like SELinux make it more difficult to share content inside the container. We have seen many users who want to share system directories into their containers but fail with permission errors. These directories are usually shared via some group access, which allows the user to read/ write content in the directories. # ⚓ Developer_Diaries:_The_Case_of_the_Miscoded Credentials⠀⇛ Cloud development practices and environments are evolving faster than ever. As developers, we are no strangers to adapting to the changing technology landscape. However, with a landscape that changes this often, it’s easy for us to get caught using the techniques we’ve used in the past to create the applications of the future. In this video, we talk out a problem in Upkar’s code where a 505 error that occurred due to miscoded credentials and ultimately discuss how we tackle problems like these with some vital app modernization tools. # ⚓ Introducing_Red_Hat_Vulnerability_Scanner Certification⠀⇛ As container and Kubernetes adoption in production has grown, concerns regarding container security, monitoring, data management and networking remain. In order to address these challenges, organizations must lay a secure foundation for modern workloads. Red Hat is an established leader in security for enterprise open source solutions – container security is Linux security. Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat OpenShift offer a layered approach to securing containers and integrating security throughout the container lifecycle to support mission critical environments. We are continuously evolving to set new standards for security (e.g. DevSecOps) to support our partners and customers across open hybrid cloud. Today, we’re introducing the Red Hat Vulnerability Scanner Certification: a new certification to validate how security software partners use Red Hat security- related data for Red Hat products. This enables partners to deliver more reliable, consistent reporting to customers for containers to minimize false positives and other discrepancies. As a result, customers using Red Hat Certified partner security solutions can experience a more accurate process for assessing vulnerability risks of Red Hat products and packages including Red Hat Universal Base Images (UBI). # ⚓ The_history_of_open_source_risk_reporting⠀⇛ This year Red Hat released our 10th Product Security risk report, which reviews the vulnerabilities that affected our products during the previous year. Software, and our customers’ environments, have gotten more complex — and so has the IT security landscape. With so much information on Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs), our users have found it helpful to have one source of information about the risks posed to Red Hat technologies. And because Red Hat offers a full portfolio of technologies beyond Linux, we’ve expanded and improved the risk report to better reflect the issues that our customers care about. Now, let’s take a brief history lesson about how open source risk reporting has changed over the years. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Software_Now_Available_On_IBM_Power_Systems⠀⇛ IBM has announced availability of Red Hat software on IBM Power Systems as well as new IBM Power Systems hardware. IBM Power Systems now features Red Hat OpenShift on IBM Power Virtual Server leveraging OpenShift’s baremetal installeri, Red Hat Runtimes, and newly certified Red Hat Ansible Content Collections. Providing clients an optimized, production- level OpenShift platform to modernize traditional environments with cloud-native applications, the IBM Power Private Cloud Rack combines on-premises hardware, a complete software stack of IBM and Red Hat technology, and installation from IBM Systems Lab Services to deliver 49% lower cost per request as compared to similarly equipped x86-based platformsii. Today’s announcements include enhancements to IBM Power System’s capacity to scale compute capacity across the hybrid cloud on Linux, IBM i, and AIX. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Tails_4.16_Anonymous_OS_Released_with_Linux_Kernel 5.10_LTS,_Latest_Tor_Technologies⠀⇛ Fully synced with the Debian GNU/Linux 10 “Buster” software repositories, Tails 4.16 is the first release in the 4.x series to use the latest and long-term supported Linux 5.10 LTS kernel. This not only enables better hardware support on Tails, but it also brings new features and extra security. In addition, the Tails 4.16 release comes with all the latest and greatest Tor technologies for anonymous communication. These include the Tor Browser 10.0.12 anonymous web browser, as well as Tor 0.4.5.5 client and server implementation for enabling anonymous communication. Also included is the Mozilla Thunderbird 78.7.0 open-source email client. # ⚓ Tails_4.16_is_out⠀⇛ This release fixes known security vulnerabilities. You should upgrade as soon as possible. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Early_Ubuntu_21.04_Benchmarks_Point_To_Some_Slides_In Performances_But_Overall_Flat_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Some of the most significant slowdowns seen on this system were with heavy multi-threaded workloads with the likes of the Intel SVT video encoder benchmarks. But with both Ubuntu 20.10 and 21.04 making use of GCC 10, one of the possible scenarios is a regression in the power management of Linux 5.10 or Intel’s Thermald. Ubuntu 21.04 currently is on Linux 5.10 from 5.8 and Thermald 2.4 from 2.3.1. In any case this was just some quick tests prior to sending back the review unit, so as the Ubuntu 21.04 release approaches in two months, I’ll be back around with tests on more hardware. Overall though the Ubuntu 21.04 performance isn’t in bad standing if looking at the geometric mean of 223 benchmarks conducted on Ubuntu 21.04 Dev vs 20.10, the overall performance is quite close just with some regressions at least for the moment. This largely jives with what we have been seeing with other x86_64 hardware like shown in yesterday’s Ryzen desktop tests. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ubuntu_on_VirtualBox_with_Ease_– WhaTech⠀⇛ Want to test Linux, but don’t want to install it traditionally on your computer? You can create a virtual machine with Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution in VirtualBox. Don’t know to do it? Check out this post. Thanks to virtual machines, it is possible to install any operating system, and then run it in a window on our current system. This is facilitated by the VirtualBox program, which allows you to quickly create a virtual machine, allocate part of our computer’s resources to it, and then install the system of our choice, e.g. any Linux distribution. When we get bored, the virtual machine can be deleted. This does not affect our current operating system in any way. # ⚓ Useful_Shortcut_Keys_in_Ubuntu_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛ For those shortcut key lovers out there, here is a long list of keyboard shortcuts for Ubuntu. Most of them should work in most Gnome-based distros. Enjoy the list. # ⚓ Ubuntu:_change_resolution_[Guide]⠀⇛ Are you new to Ubuntu Linux? Can’t figure out how to change your monitor screen resolution? We can help! Follow along with our guide as we go over how to change monitor resolutions on each flavor of Ubuntu. # ⚓ How_to_install_the_Brave_Browser_on_Linux_Mint_20.1_– YouTube⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install the Brave Browser on Linux Mint 20.1. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Allwinner_H3-based_Cherry_Pi_PC_rolls_as_Orange_Pi_PC lookalike⠀⇛ Shenzhen LC Technology’s Cherry Pi PC is a pseudo clone of the Raspberry Pi clone SBC Orange Pi PC. It runs Linux on Allwinner’s quad-core H3 SoC, and has 1GB DDR3, 2x USB 2.0, MIPI-CSI, 40-pin Pi- compatible connector and optional WiFi and 8GB eMMC. In 2015, Shenzhen Xunlong introduced its Orange Pi PC, an open-spec SBC based on Allwinner’s quad-core H3 SoC. The board measures within 1mm of the Raspberry Pi 2’s size and matches its features. Now another company, Shenzhen LC Technology, has released a clone of the Orange Pi PC called Cherry Pi PC. Like the Orange Pi PC, the Cherry Pi PC also runs Linux on Allwinner’s quad-core H3 SoC which is a 1.2GHz quad-core Arm Cortex-A7 device with Arm 600MHz Mali-400 MP2 GPU. # ⚓ Advantech_Elkhart_Lake_mini-ITX_motherboard_offers_triple display_support,_dual_LAN,_eight_USB_and_six_COM_ports⠀⇛ We’ve seen a fair amount of Intel Elkhart Lake platforms including modules, 3.5-inch SBCs, Pico- ITX boards, and embedded mini PCs, but so far, I had not noticed any Elkhart Lake mini-ITX motherboard. Advantech AIMB-218 motherboard offers a choice of low-power Atom, Celeron and Pentium Elkhart Processor, and thanks to the larger form factor plenty of I/Os including four display interfaces (DP++/HDMI/eDP/LVDS) supporting up to three display, eight USB port, six serial COM port, and dual Gigabit Ethernet. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OPPO_A93_receives_ColorOS_11_(Android_11)_update_– Gizmochina⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vivo_releases_Android_11_update_for_V20_SE_in_India_| NewsBytes⠀⇛ # ⚓ Posiflex_receives_Android_10_Google_mobile_services certification_for_kiosk_platforms_|_Kiosk_Marketplace⠀⇛ # ⚓ Access_Dots_adds_iOS_14-style_privacy_dots_to_your Android_device⠀⇛ # ⚓ Huawei_smartphones_will_soon_ditch_Android_for HarmonyOS_|_IT_PRO⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG’s_crazy_rollable_Android_phone_may_not_be_coming after_all_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_now_updates_Android_for_longer_than_Google does_|_Ars_Technica⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_sideload_any_application_on_Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Schedule_Text_Messages_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android’s_spring_feature_rollout_includes_a_Google Maps_dark_mode_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Advanced_haptics_are_coming_to_Android_with Qualcomm’s_help_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pixel_5′s_hole_punch_can_be_hidden_on_Android_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_releases_Android_12_developer_preview_|_IT PRO⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_may_come_with_significant_UI_changes_–_The Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12:_The_Coolest_Features_&_Updates_In Google’s_Preview_Release⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_launches_Android_12_with_the_first_developer preview⠀⇛ # ⚓ What’s_new_in_the_first_Android_12_Developer_Preview |_Ars_Technica⠀⇛ # ⚓ Try_out_Android_12_early_(if_you_dare):_Here’s_how_to get_the_developer_beta_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Did_Android_12_Developer_Preview_disappoint_you?_Me too!⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_12_Features_–_Better_Privacy_Controls, new_APIs_and_several_UI_Tweaks_–_Gizmochina⠀⇛ # ⚓ When_will_my_phone_get_Android_12?_|_Android Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_developer_preview_|_Here’s_all_the_new features_and_updates_–_The_Hindu⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Shares_the_First_Preview_of_Android_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ 4_new_features_your_phone_is_getting_very_soon_(if you_have_an_Android)_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_features_new,_easier_way_to_share_Wi-Fi password⠀⇛ # ⚓ When_Android_12_is_coming_to_your_phone_–_Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ Here’s_our_first_real_look_at_Android_12′s_new Conversation_widget⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_is_Android_12′s_wallpaper-based_theme_system_– Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12′s_hidden_App_Pairs_feature_is_incomplete but_shows_promise⠀⇛ # ⚓ All_about_Android_12_–_Telegraph_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Android_12_could_simplify_life_for_its_users_| Cebu_Daily_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Seems_To_Be_Hiding_A_One-Handed_Mode_| Ubergizmo⠀⇛ # ⚓ 3_things_Android_12_can_do_that_Android_11_can’t_– CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ ADT-3_bootloader_can’t_be_unlocked_for_Android_12 preview_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vivo_V20_SE_Receiving_Android_11-Based_Funtouch_OS_11 in_India:_Report_|_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Posiflex_Announces_Android_10_Google_Mobile_Services Certification_for_Kiosk_Platforms⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung’s_next_watch_is_reportedly_ditching_Tizen_for Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Old_Google_Pay_Android_app_to_lose_P2P_transfers, more_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Huawei_HarmonyOS_Google_Android_rival_to_roll_out_to phones_in_April⠀⇛ # ⚓ iWedia_Teatro_Media_Player:_a_pivotal_component_for Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ Build_Android_Apps_With_This_$40_Master_Class Developer_Training_|_PCMag⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_just_embarrassed_Google_with_an_extra_year_of Android_security_updates_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_hands-on:_Here’s_what’s_new_–_Android Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_has_hidden_system_settings_design_inspired by_Samsung’s_One_UI_–_SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_brings_new,_easier_way_to_share_Wi-Fi password⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vivo_V20_SE_Receiving_Android_11-Based_Funtouch_OS_11 in_India:_Report_|_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_11:_Getting_started_with_gesture_navigation_| PCWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Learn_How_to_Create_Apps_for_the_Newest_Android_11⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG’s_Rollable_Android_Phone_Might_Not_Happen,_Claims Report_–_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_just_embarrassed_Google_with_an_extra_year_of Android_security_updates_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ 4_new_features_your_phone_is_getting_very_soon_(if you_have_an_Android)_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_Android_app_gets_support_for_4K_HDR_video streaming:_All_you_need_to_know-_Technology_News, Firstpost⠀⇛ # ⚓ Remove_bloatware_and_unwanted_apps_from_your_phone with_Universal_Android_Debloater⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Assistant_in_Android_Auto_repeats_your WhatsApp_messages_correctly⠀⇛ # ⚓ Qualcomm_is_working_to_bring_advanced_haptics_to Android⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ WordPress_5.7_Release_Candidate⠀⇛ The first release candidate for WordPress 5.7 is now available! Please join us in celebrating this very important milestone in the community’s progress towards the final release! “Release Candidate” means that the new version is ready for release, but with millions of users and thousands of plugins and themes, it’s possible something was missed. WordPress 5.7 is slated for release on March 9, 2021, but your help is needed to get there—if you haven’t tried 5.7 yet, now is the time! # ⚓ The_Apache®_Software_Foundation_Sustains_its_Mission_of Providing_Software_for_the_Public_Good_through_Corporate Sponsorships_and_Charitable_Giving⠀⇛ The ASF is the world’s largest Open Source foundation. Apache software projects are integral to nearly every end-user computing device, benefit billions of users worldwide, with Web requests received from every Internet-connected country on the planet. Valued conservatively at more than $22B, Apache Open Source software is available to the public-at-large at 100% no cost. No payment of any kind is ever required to use, contribute to, or otherwise participate in Apache projects. The ASF depends on tax-deductible Sponsorships and donations to offset its operations expenses that include infrastructure, marketing and publicity, accounting, and legal services. “We are proud of our Sponsors, whose generous support helps our volunteer community continue to develop essential software that keeps the world running,” said Daniel Ruggeri, ASF Vice President of Fundraising. “ASF Sponsorship allows us to make great strides towards developing and improving our projects, enriching our communities, educating and mentoring newcomers, and encouraging and facilitating participation by under-represented groups. Fiscal support today secures the groundwork to ensure future Apache benefits can be shared by all.” # ⚓ Nextcloud_Hub_21_Comes_With_New_Collaboration_Features⠀⇛ Nextcloud has announced immediate availability of Nextcloud Hub 21, adding performance improvement and important new collaboration features in Text, Talk, Groupware and Files. According to the company, the new High Performance Back-end for Files in particular reduces server load from desktop clients and web interface polling by 90% while delivering instant notifications and file changes to users. Optimizations to app loading and database queries as well as a range of specific scenarios like the usage of Text, Object storage, LDAP group handling and more deliver up to twice more responsive user experience. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Brave_Web_Browser_1.20.108_Is_Released_With_Fix_For Major_Security_Flaw_In_Private_Tor_Windows⠀⇛ Several recent version of the Brave Web Browser have had a very unfortunate DNS-leak flaw in the “private” Tor-based browsing feature. The latest version 1.20.208 has a new version of the Chromium core it is based on (88.0.4324.182), a fix for DNS leaks in supposedly “private” web browser windows and two fixes specific to macOS. You should upgrade if you rely on Brave for “private” web browsing or use it to access Tor onion sites. [...] You should upgrade and ensure that you are using version 1.20.108 or newer if you occasionally use the Brave Web Browser to access Tor onion sites or rely on it’s “private” Tor-browsing mode for anything even remotely critical. You can acquire the latest version from brave.com. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Try_Firefox_Picture-in-Picture_for_multi- tasking_with_videos⠀⇛ The Picture-in-Picture feature in the Firefox browser makes multitasking with video content easy, no window shuffling necessary. With Picture-in-Picture, you can play a video in a separate, scalable window that pops out for viewing on top of all your windows. It stays and plays while you go about your other business on other tabs or do things outside of from Firefox. # ⚓ Firefox_87_Enters_Beta_with_the_Backspace_Key Disabled_as_a_“Back”_Button⠀⇛ While it doesn’t appear to include any major or important changes, Firefox 87 will apparently be the first update to the popular web browser used by default on numerous GNU/Linux distributions to disable the Backspace key from working as a “Back” button when you want to navigate back to the previous page. This change was supposed to land in the Firefox 86 release that arrived earlier today, but, for some reason unknown to me, it didn’t happen, and it looks like Mozilla delayed it for Firefox 87. Mozilla recommends that you use the Alt + Left arrow keyboard shortcut instead. # ⚓ Firefox_86_Released_with_AVIF_and_Multiple Picture-in-Picture_Support_by_Default⠀⇛ The biggest new feature in Firefox 86 is the enablement of AV1 Image File Format (AVIF) support by default. AVIF is a powerful, royalty-free and open- source image file format designed to encode AV1 bitstreams in the HEIF (High Efficiency Image File Format) container. In Firefox 86, only basic support is offered, which means that features like animated images and colorspace support aren’t supported. AVIF support was available in previous Firefox release, but not enabled by default. Therefore, you could enable it by setting the image.avif.enable option in about: config to true. # ⚓ Encoding_and_decoding_AVIF_pictures_with_open- source_software_&_libraries⠀⇛ One of the new features of Android 12 is support for the AVIF file format that provides much smaller files at the same level of quality. Jake Archibald has done a great job comparing AVIF format to JPEG, WebP, and other still picture formats, and the results are really impressive. # ⚓ Hacks.Mozilla.Org:_Introducing_State Partitioning⠀⇛ State Partitioning is the technical term for a new privacy feature in Firefox called Total Cookie Protection, which will be available in ETP Strict Mode in Firefox 86. This article shows how State Partitioning works inside of Firefox and explains what developers of third-party integrations can do to stay compatible with the latest changes. Web sites utilize a variety of different APIs to store data in the browser. Most famous are cookies, which are commonly used to build login sessions and provide a customized user experience. We call these stateful APIs, because they are able to establish state that will persist through reloads, navigations and browser restarts. While these APIs allow developers to enrich a user’s web experience, they also enable nefarious web tracking which jeopardizes user privacy. To fight abuse of these APIs Mozilla is introducing State Partitioning in Firefox 86. # ⚓ Hacks.Mozilla.Org:_A_Fabulous_February_Firefox —_86!⠀⇛ The Firefox web console used to include a cd() helper command that enabled developers to change the DevTools’ context to inspect a specific