𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, February 25, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 26 Feb 02:31:59 GMT 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): Qmc7b55qCt5y3EP6hWT4ta1uAwTG6XzDPJGnk8W9ibgyxD QmUgLYU6NzYdsPwxzfBk5LNGHN4bRSojDJ1VPKWxUXJG5u QmTjTBLBBouevW5uzG3ohszqRAQEMvXhFjVBKUDKgFm5yV QmXi8EwkmKnaRgWZHgUjV5XejCSD4NExPP9D4NYZieagNa QmdhD5bZU2RWdYb9NVxAjrkp28mM45R8TTMEFzkukK8JWU QmRTYYDYWGusnRs1VNCbHotXnFPXSDYCGVCpks2kHY3LMV QmWRboy3r2TsVs4jD1ukWTvVuYKPfA7fAxMcZVPCw4JdaD QmS5kQC7XM7cx7EjP4hvTQPozshd2reueKci9cJCfnPRNd QmXEHK2QubTfVDK1uRnASYqfRg71omfujwZ1BL2hctbRKL QmcgJMK25sS8KvDP91WGCs8mnD3BshA4mPSR8uGCMM78po QmeidW7C3Nfeo5DgSCuymjXFCNx5k84CW3sDm1xEM1A2vP QmYjM6cB6Z4kvYjHhNvikrBtkxxJu73QFcw85MtznCkPZU QmTuWK5M8BKLKV9kTEfz5BQVkRY8kNjTJSzM4eTkGxvs7a QmVi8wWAB5K8XCTEczCW8tSfWokMSix8hkxfK2nsje5r6w QmR1AGsb7QQmjGiYD6vdxmjmBbmnaNAXuQhLGTmvHVW3Us QmSq5YcztpmMR2UuQfL1yBX7bkKXjs7FKyz6UsnMHPq58B QmXW6ZxAhHeW9g5wHY3DTL6JeZrEoXQw1ghASoRyrNHV4K QmbYNQUWNtVhAQYexu4jom3pG639whDzSgSoVmTABMxaX2 QmQvNZS1LAZnMM4hxFg93Fkzav1osAZoLLmACVyNWTvBEG QmP4sJsHWybFCR6L9YwJ4D9c4ty548pLdtooQKSTcnsvBj QmTJDPW4SySqJM91re39cWCksjMPCgmn9cidUgKb9EK8oY ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ If Wikipedia is Controlled by Corporations and Mobs, It Needs to Be ’Cancelled’ | Techrights ⦿ Techrights Gemini Capsule, Now With Over 35,000 Pages and Files | Techrights ⦿ Stéphane Bortzmeyer Explains Gemini Protocol (February 2021) | Techrights ⦿ GNU/Linux Reaffirms Its Status as the Universal and Inter-planetary Operating System | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, February 24, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Special Thanks to Mogz | Techrights ⦿ Eventually, or Hopefully, Many People Will Come Back to What the Web Used to Be (Or Web Alternatives More Like the ’Old’ Web) | Techrights ⦿ IBM and Qt Don’t Understand Free Software and They Now Impose Terms and Conditions on Who Qualifies for Use of Free Software Free of Charge | Techrights ⦿ Modifying WordPress to Include Gemini Links in All Articles (Assuming a Canonical URL Form) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/cancelled-in-wikipedia/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-conversion-status/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-protocol-talk/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/interplanetary-gnu-linux/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/irc-log-240221/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/mogz-credit/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/old-web-or-little-web/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/rhel-with-new-terms-and-conditions/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/wordpress-gemini-links/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/blender-2-92/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/lxpanel-0-10-1/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 72 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/cancelled-in-wikipedia/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/cancelled-in-wikipedia/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ If_Wikipedia_is_Controlled_by_Corporations_and_Mobs,_It_Needs_to_Be ‘Cancelled’⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, Wikipedia at 7:57 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/cancel-culture.webm Summary: Facts have never truly mattered in social control media sites; it certainly seems as though Wikipedia now suffers the very same issue/deficit, allowing oligarchs and their companies to define what goes on in the world and which people Wikipedia should regard as persona_non_grata The concept of “cancel culture” or “call-out culture” is the_reason_I_'left' Twitter_about_a_year_ago (well before they decided to suspend me for totally unspecified reasons). The mass-suspension culture of today’s Twitter (I'm_in good_company) is itself a sort of “cancel culture”. They basically remove voices that they find inconvenient; instead of confronting the arguments they just eliminate the voice or mute the microphone, even permanently. The underlying psyche of “cancel culture” predates the term; in the case of show business, it’s ‘cancel your programme’; in academia, it’s ending tenures or demoting people for their standpoints (even where dissenting views are otherwise encouraged); in workplaces like corporations, it is getting people fired (sometimes doxing to demonise them or blackmail the employer). “My general perception/view regarding Wikipedia is getting more negative over time (seeing the degree to which it’s manipulated by the rich and powerful, not domain experts or a real community which values facts), so maybe Wikipedia too needs to be “canceled” at one point. Some people have long worked to make substitutes for it.”Criticism_of_‘cancel_culture’_can_be_found_in_Wikipedia, a platform which itself facilitates ‘cancel culture’. It’s closely related to a culture of mass censorship, wherein people aren’t permitted to deviate from some orthodoxy, which itself changes over time and asserts itself by mass intimidation, begetting self-censorship at scale. Social control media is ideal for this or one might say that it is fertile ground for such campaigns. Self- hosting is one option for mitigating if not eliminating this “no debate allowed” attitude. Techrights is turning 15 later this year. Within just a few years of the site’s existence several large-scale efforts/campaigns were created and then coordinated to “Cancel” the site (before the word “Cancel” was used; back then they used words like “Watch” or “Boycott”). I mention some of these in the video above. Those efforts/campaigns are now defunct (not even online anymore). A longtime reader and supporter of Techrights, a lovely person who has contributed to GNU/Linux and Free software for about 3 decades, recently contacted us. The allegation was extraordinary, unless one is already familiar with the antics of Wikipedia mobs and PR occupiers. Apparently someone (person or firm) “initiated a fairly extensive campaign to delete my wikipedia page,” the person told us. The page had been there for many, many years. Why now? Why the attempt to “cancel” this person? That person claims that it’s an act of retribution for speaking out on matters of software freedom (given the timing). “Wikipedia doesn’t define me,” said this person. “I found it a bit amusing because I was the one who RMS tasked to promote GFDL, so I was a “pusher” of contributing to wikipedia and nupedia… and I was eventually deleted,” said the person. So being “canceled” by (or in) the very platform one contributed a lot to. “I can’t recall specific examples,” I responded, “but I do recall many other pages like that which have been deleted or under orchestrated calls for deletion.” It seems like a common act of censorship or retribution — wherein someone wishes to damage the reputation of an individual or an institution. Wikipedia presence is basically meaningless (can be ‘bought’ or paid-for), so I’m glad I’m not in that site, except as an author named in some citations. It’s no secret that articles there can be paid for, manipulated for a fee, and PR- edited (Microsoft does this a lot and it got caught). I wouldn’t lose sleep over being “deleted” or “canceled” from Wikipedia. It’s like worrying about how many social control media site “followers” one has… for it’s superficial nonsense. But what’s noteworthy about the whole thing is that people who speak about the concept of Free software or fight back against adversaries of software freedom (by merely speaking about them) can suffer severe consequences to their reputation and morale. This is exactly the sort of thing I experienced in Twitter last year and the reason that became a "write-only" account. The video goes through Wikipedia’s definition of the concept of getting “canceled”, why it’s done, why it’s potentially bad and so on. My general perception/view regarding Wikipedia is getting more negative over time (seeing the degree to which it’s manipulated by the rich and powerful, not domain experts or a real community which values facts), so maybe Wikipedia too needs to be “canceled” at one point. Some people have long worked to make substitutes for it. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 190 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-conversion-status/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-conversion-status/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Techrights_Gemini_Capsule,_Now_With_Over_35,000_Pages_and_Files⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GPL, Site_News at 9:59 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights feed⦈ Summary: Blog posts combined with static (plain text) files are now 36,000+ in number, just for Gemini protocol alone; that number keeps growing as our conversion proceeds and evolves (our software will be released under terms of the AGPLv3) THE rapid conversion of this Web site to Gemini is still ongoing and it’s being improved (we’re rerunning old conversions with new improvements incorporated, as the converters too are being enhanced). “It’s not simple to estimate how many pages we have in total as that depends on the exact definition of page (e.g. multi-page or multi-part articles, category pages, daily archives).”As of last night, “there are 34727 pages in the Gemini capsule, of which 34554 are the articles,” an associate wrote. Code is being prepared for release (AGPLv3) in order to encourage more sites to convert to Gemini (from Web sites to capsules, which are vastly smaller in size because everything is extremely compact). Some of the latest stats: $ time find /home/gemini/gemini/2* -type f -name '*.gmi' \ -print | wc -l 34727 With intermediate pages omitted: $ time find /home/gemini/gemini/2* -mindepth 3 -type f \ -name '*.gmi' -print | wc -l 34554 That does not include the wiki, the Drupal side, index pages, static text files, various documents, videos etc. Those are just blog posts. This number does not include bulletins and IRC logs, either (there are thousands of them). It’s not simple to estimate how many pages we have in total as that depends on the exact definition of page (e.g. multi-page or multi-part articles, category pages, daily archives). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights daily feeds⦈ If the Gemini capsule outgrows the capacity of the 4-core SBC (to deliver in pages a timely fashion and self- update regularly), we’ll move it to a bigger server. That should not be hard. Gemini is K.I.S.S. As stated in the previous_post, Gemini is definitely growing. It’s growing fast. Join now to become an “early adopter”. A good start may be setting_up_your_own_capsule. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⡀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠁⠸⠗⠿⠀⠸⠏⠏⠀⠰⠽⠗⠼⠸⠔⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠈⠙⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⠓⠅⠏⠰⠁⠇⣶⠈⠎⠅⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠟⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡄⢄⣀⠀⢀⢄⢀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⢀⢄⣀⡀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⢀⠀⢀⠀⢠⡄⣀⣀⢠⣄⣤⣠⢀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠠⡄⣀⣀⠀⢀⠄⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⢀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠓⠚⠈⠙⠋⠚⠈⠑⠃⠚⠀⠐⠛⠙⠓⠘⠘⠒⠐⠀⠛⠂⠓⠀⠘⠙⠛⠛⠛⠀⠃⠘⠘⠘⠛⠛⠀⠐⠃⠓⠛⠀⠐⠛⠐⠚⠃⠃⠛⠘⠂⠀⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⢀⠷⠠⢀⢠⠲⡀⠆⢢⢰⠆⠇⠀⢀⠶⠠⠾⠀⠈⡇⠲⢸⠰⡂⠒⠀⢰⠆⠇⣶⠐⡶⡒⢗⢾⣶⠂⡶⠀⢸⣷⡲⣶⢰⢲⣶⢗⢸⣰⠆⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⠤⢠⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⣈⠈⢉⡉⣀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⡀⢀⡀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⢀⡀⡀⡀⢀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠋⠘⠈⠙⠙⠊⠀⠐⠁⠙⠀⠀⠘⠙⠃⠀⠘⠉⠃⠀⠛⠀⠋⠃⠙⠃⠃⠃⠐⠇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠋⠃⠛⠁⠉⠑⠐⠓⠙⠝⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⣲⡖⢀⣶⣦⡖⢢⠂⠀⣝⠼⠄⡀⠀⣩⢸⣏⡅⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⢀⡀⣀⠀⢀⡀⢀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠽⠇⠮⠼⠐⠘⠟⠮⠐⠰⠅⠻⠀⠠⠜⠹⠣⠀⠘⠈⠏⠨⠛⠄⠯⠣⠙⠇⠣⠋⠨⠇⠇⠈⠀⠀⠃⠿⠪⠩⠆⠽⠪⠸⠃⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣲⡖⢀⣶⣦⡖⢢⠆⠀⣽⣩⡆⡀⠀⣩⢸⣆⡕⣲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣘⣤⡄⣤⡀⢨⠀⡄⡀⢠⣀⠀⠀⠠⣤⡄⠠⠠⠀⡄⢠⣤⠠⡄⡄⠀⠀⢠⡄⢀⢠⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢤⣠⡤⡄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⡂⠁⡁⠈⠁⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⢁⠀⠘⡀⣁⠁⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⡈⠁⣈⠈⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⡈⠉⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢭⠏⠺⠇⠉⠀⠸⠄⠄⠻⠠⠘⠇⠵⠠⠀⠀⠷⠏⠨⠇⠀⠴⠪⠺⠅⡽⠠⠸⠇⠁⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠸⠛⢺⡻⢟⡿⣿⠏⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⣟⡇⢧⠀⣇⢱⠇⠀⠨⡲⢸⠜⢿⠿⠏⢿⣻⠸⠁⢹⡸⣻⢘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠚⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢲⢠⣠⠠⠀⡇⡄⡄⠀⡅⡤⡄⡷⡄⡶⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠈⠈⠉⠈⠁⠁⠁⠁⠀⠉⠈⠃⠁⠁⠉⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⣀⣤⠠⡄⣠⠀⠀⢠⢄⠠⡄⠀⠠⢄⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠜⠿⠰⠅⠼⠄⠀⠸⠟⠴⠅⠀⠠⠮⠨⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⣷⣶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠟⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢒⢤⣶⠐⡆⢴⠀⣀⢰⣦⠒⡆⣀⠐⢲⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠓⠊⠊⠘⠂⠚⠂⠀⠈⠊⠚⠂⠀⠐⠓⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡩⢺⢿⢈⠇⢺⠀⠤⢸⢷⢉⠇⠤⢈⡝⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⢿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⠀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣉⢀⣁⢈⡁⢈⠁⠀⢀⣁⣈⡁⠀⢀⣉⢈⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠴⠹⠿⠠⠇⠸⠄⠒⠸⠿⠴⠇⠒⠠⠮⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢤⣤⣠⠠⡄⢠⠀⠀⢠⣤⠤⡄⠀⠠⢠⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠚⠚⠛⠘⠃⠚⠂⠉⠘⠛⠚⠂⠉⠐⠓⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⢎⠦⣀⠐⡱⢸⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠙⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡱⠀⠈⡉⢈⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⢈⣇⢐⡒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢀⡄⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡠⡧⠨⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣖⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢻⡿⠿⡅⠀⠐⡇⢋⠇⢰⢰⣿⢉⡏⠀⢸⢸⠈⡏⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠉⠁⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠈⠈⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣯⣿⣻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 340 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-protocol-talk/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/gemini-protocol-talk/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Stéphane_Bortzmeyer_Explains_Gemini_Protocol_(February_2021)⠀✐ Posted in Videos at 9:21 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: A recent talk from Stéphane Bortzmeyer about Gemini and what it is for (or why) ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 361 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/interplanetary-gnu-linux/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/interplanetary-gnu-linux/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ GNU/Linux_Reaffirms_Its_Status_as_the_Universal_and_Inter-planetary_Operating System⠀✐ Posted in Debian, Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux at 7:03 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/mars-linux.webm Summary: The operating system made for and by scientists (not business sharks and marketing cults) is winning the battle, and not only in this planet ABOUT 15 MONTHS ago Bruce_Perens_talked_frankly_about_systemd, noting that it would harm Debian’s status as the universal (as in universe, i.e. inter- planetary) operating system. By that point it had already been adopted for usage in space, as I note in the video above. “It’s worth noting that Windows is used just about nowhere outside this planet, whereas GNU/Linux rapidly became the norm and it gradually replaces the proprietary operating system long used in space (no, not Windows).”Over the past week we’ve seen many press reports/coverage/links about Mars landings and space exploration. The “Linux” slant on the story can be found in a page that’s still_updated_with_more_articles_in_an_ongoing/dynamic_fashion. It’s worth noting that Windows is used just about nowhere outside this planet, whereas GNU/Linux rapidly became the norm and it gradually replaces the proprietary operating system long used in space (no, not Windows). █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 407 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/irc-log-240221/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/irc-log-240221/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_February_24,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:59 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmdtgSvVFMPUMSw8RkKYGFhpE9qLCbcSdWd6ZAbJGEZqMT #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmSVnwUcfvLem9tLKCtKccVrmgJsGWLh1qFwYYAtGCSrxH (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmSgALaRFQGd7BTSRwsRh4WYTV2CQaHSNcHpV9pAXLb4dR social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmTY7Eoprn2QePWEwhiPjaXRRYFP6XY2C794xvJnkWLYvX social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmQCu7P8b3EybaAKATLuStfRPwQma4uAoAJb6tkMan1Rxi #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmSaxkb9Hv7n9nizfAChpZnCRd2MM9Uag9MNj6BeDZSpyB (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYsuaKkTmrBw8wNZ3ENUf1BXiDWprZZuPwQXzFXULdxwL #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmSKpfnp7Dgg2ESvUT3nGTtzAqbNj9RbDHZhxa8bfWUMii (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmTJDPW4SySqJM91re39cWCksjMPCgmn9cidUgKb9EK8oY ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 521 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/mogz-credit/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/mogz-credit/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Special_Thanks_to_Mogz⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 8:24 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: Credit where it’s due to Mogz EARLIER this week we produced the following image for videos: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ “Many thanks, Mogz!”Our super-talented artist and Free software supporter Mogz could not resist the temptation to redo this properly, with an artist’s touch. She thus produced the following alternatives (all of which we’ll use interchangeably): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrighs video⦈ Many thanks, Mogz! █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 571 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/old-web-or-little-web/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/old-web-or-little-web/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Eventually,_or_Hopefully,_Many_People_Will_Come_Back_to_What_the_Web_Used_to Be_(Or_Web_Alternatives_More_Like_the_‘Old’_Web)⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 9:23 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: With RSS feeds making a comeback and a resurgence of personal blogs we can take back the Web from a cabal of tech/Internet giants and social control media, censored, curated and spied on by oligarchy THE growth of Gemini is very much real (we keep track of usage every now and then) and people fleeing social control media is also a reality; sometimes they get banned for protesting against it (in_effect,_using_their_presence_in_those platforms_only_to_harm_those_platforms). “Let’s move away from what the Web has become and is still becoming (worse and worse over time).”Yesterday I attempted to explain the_advantages_of_self- hosting_videos, even if that can be rather expensive and a potential nightmare logistically (many large files and high bandwidth usage). We recently wrote about self-hosting also in the following posts: * Self-Hosting_Instead_of_Choosing_‘Masters’_to_Swap_Between * Self-Hosting_Where_Feasible,_Decentralised_(P2P)_Where_Practical,_World Wide_Web_for_the_Rest * Self-Hosting_Parts_of_Techrights_and_Experiments_With_IPFS_ (InterPlanetary_File_System)_for_Distribution Given the censorious atmosphere online (years ago Donald Trump was a pretext for it and nowadays COVID or vaccination is a popular pretext, equating some views with threat to public safety) we need to self-reflect. They always say that they crack down on “misinformation” or “harmful content”, but harmful to who? Advertisers? Corporations? They don’t even say anymore. They deplatform, demonetise, ban, delist and so on… without any form of accountability, let alone a right to appeal decisions. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Click to play⦈ I personally regret spending in Twitter as much time as I did; until a year ago I still spent some time in that site. I had been there since 2009, but I never posted there directly. In terms of video, even though I used to upload some videos to YouTube I always posted a self-hosted (primary) copy here in Techrights, either as Ogg or as WebM (last year we also used MP4 for a little while, due to conversion woes). Our fate is nowadays almost 100% self-hosting/hosted, seeing that the Web is increasingly hostile towards a fast-broadening spectrum of views. Even benign viewpoints that just a decade ago or a few years ago were exceptionally widespread, even popular. The censors would go as far as deleting things from a decade ago if today’s scopes/optics suggest or deem them “unacceptable” (for something like “misinformation” or “hate speech”, which can be rather vague). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Video: click to play⦈ Yesterday, in an attempt to enhance a cross-platform and cross-protocol (even self-hosted and peer-shared) video playback, we crafted the image on the right. It becomes the default “poster” for each video produced from now on (thereto the first frame was used by default). The boring details are, it was composed using the following couple of photos, with the above text overlaid (generated in the GIMP). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Play_and_pause⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Video⦈_ Videos are a growing thing because bandwidth is generally increasing in more parts of the world. It’s getting cheaper — to the point where HD films (with DRM to restrict playback) are sent across continents, overrunning networks and bringing rise to throttling/capping. What we plan to do in the coming years is more videos, but those won’t be outsourced. They will be possible to subscribe to over RSS or the Gemini equivalent (gemini://gemini.techrights.org/feed and gemini:// gemini.techrights.org/daily-feed) and copies are occasionally made over IPFS by people who follow the site. This helps reduce bandwidth constraints, in effect letting people share directly (among one another) videos in the same way PeerTube strives to. Our aim is to reduce, where possible, the use of the Web, HTTP, and HTML. RSS (XML) is very good, IPFS is very efficient, Gemini is very lightweight and noise-/clutter-free. Let’s move away from what the Web has become and is still becoming (worse and worse over time). There’s a certain hope that Internet tycoons and Web oligarchs (conglomerates, magnates, whatever…) will one day ask, “where have all the people gone?” Or… “why is the Web shrinking and people don’t participate like before?” Our answer will be, “people have moved on. They use alternatives to that centralised old Web?” The Old Guard will then respond, “how do we join or how do we take over those other things?” Our reply? “Nobody invited you and we don’t want you. Stay away. You’ve already ruined the Web and we don’t want you ruining another thing.” Where Gemini stands today reminds me a great deal of WordPress in 2004, back when we had a closely- or tightly-knit community with amicable mailing lists and way, way before WordPress ran many millions of sites, infesting them with proprietary (non-GPL) add-ons, not to mention infinite JavaScript bloat and remote updates. I know because I played a role in that community and left (in my capacity as volunteer/coder/hacker) around the time it became a for-profit company. Gemini faces similar threats, but people fight back. To quote what Drew_DeVault wrote_3_days_ago: Gemini is constantly at a dire risk of being extended upon, a pattern which will ultimately drive it to suffer the fate of the very problems of the web which motivated its creation in the first place. I like Gemini, and if we want Gemini to continue being likable, then it cannot grow in this fashion. This is not the first time we’ve dealt with this problem. This mailing list is a constant stream of pleas for spec additions. Inline styles, inline images, tables, forms and POST equivalents, the list goes on and on and on. This mailing list is obsessed with reinventing the web, and that’s NOT what Gemini is for. Solderpunk has been quite clear on this. The only means we have of regulating this behavior is by making a statement with our client and server implementations. This is not the first such statement I’ve made. First I stated that I would require SNI: https://lists.orbitalfox.eu/archives/gemini/2020/003160.html This was added to the spec shortly thereafter. I also made a statement regarding robots.txt: https://lists.orbitalfox.eu/archives/gemini/2020/003506.html In this case: surprise, portals are just user agents, and blocking them is blocking users. Dick move. Most recently, favicons. Contrary to Sean’s nasty comments, I am only making statements on behalf of *my* software, not Gemini as a whole, and I have every right to. You have every right to make statements on behalf of your software, too. Clients like Amfora have already done so by implementing favicons. Mine is a statement of opposition, and we will ultimately have to come to some kind of consensus. This is how protocol ecosystems work. There’s a lot more in there, including stronger words. The Web “being extended upon” (to reuse the wording above) is what got us to the current mess, wherein even DRM is now part of the “specs” or the “standard”, strictly requiring surfers to put binary (proprietary) blobs inside their Web browsers (to not be denied access). DeVault’s “colourful” message would likely be dismissed and ignored, but he’s spot on as what we need is a replacement to the Web, not “another Web”.█ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⠂⡀⠂⠀⠀⢄⡢⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⡀⠀⠐⠈⠄⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢠⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠉⠠⠀⠀⠐⡀⠄⠀⡈⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⢀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⢠⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠊⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠂⠀⠢⠑⠀⠈⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠁⠄⠂⠀⠀⠁⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⠟⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡿⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡳⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣽⣿⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢀⣤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣦⣯⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣳⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣣⠿⣿⣿⠟⣽⢸⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣽⣾⣿⠟⣽⣭⢻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣼⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⡶⣫⣙⠃⣿⢫⣿⣿⢟⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢾⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠒⠲⠤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⣛⣿⣣⡟⣧⣝⠻⣾⠏⣭⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠲⠦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣭⣾⣏⣺⠷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣼⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠳⢶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢀⠀⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠷⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢀⣽⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠻⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠛⠿⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣈⡜⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠳⠶⠦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⢁⣾⠿⡟⠳⢤⣄⠀⢲⡄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠞⠛⠓⠀⢤⣦⢹⡧⠄⠘⢃⡞⣼⣼⣶⣶⣿⣻⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣟⠻⡆⡉⠄⠦⢀⡐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⠿⠉⣀⠀⢸⡹⠁⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠳⠀⠀⠞⠁⣬⠀⣧⣧⠟⡹⣿⡿⣹⡿⣿⣾⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣶⡧⣾⡐⢐⡂⣩⣀⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠈⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⠛⣿⣨⠍⢿⣿⣿⣋⣿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣟⣿⣿⢽⡎⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣛⠘⡒⢀⠰⡄⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⡶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣶⢊⣉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣻⣾⣩⣽⣿⡿⣯⣷⣯⣿⣿⣟⡿⢿⣶⢇⣾⡛⣆⠊⢦⠈⡄⣘⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣆⡽⠋⠿⢿⣽⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢟⢿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣷⠕⠼⣾⣧⡻⣧⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠰⣾⣿⣹⣤⣻⣿⣟⠿⢿⣿⡽⣟⣠⡘⣻⣾⣿⣿⡿⢷⢿⣟⣿⢶⣹⡧⡽⡏⡂⠂⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣃⢋⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡜⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠎⠫⣤⣿⣮⣹⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣹⣽⡆⢯⡟⡷⡐⠱⠧⢛⠀⠀⢀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣏⡼⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠓⠞⢽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣭⢻⡷⣟⣖⣗⣼⡻⠀⠃⡄⠙⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡽⣿⠚⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣮⡰⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣾⣫⡟⣕⢵⣿⢵⢠⡰⠒⢄⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⣷⢿⣷⣷⣾⣁⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢔⣹⣟⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣯⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣎⣣⡿⠣⠦⡬⢴⡖⠈⠁⡰⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢻⣧⣢⣿⣿⣯⣻⠫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣁⣻⣿⡿⣿⣷⣿⣞⣿⣻⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣾⢮⣷⣷⣾⣥⣻⠔⣯⣋⣳⣧⢶⠶⡑⠠⠁⡂⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣓⣿⣟⣫⣿⣿⠿⠏⢕⣄⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⡞⢗⣛⣧⣽⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣟⣮⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢯⣟⡠⢟⡢⣌⠓⡀⠃⠈⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠟⣯⡹⣾⣷⣾⣟⣯⢙⡗⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢤⠻⠏⢪⢌⣑⡟⣟⣯⣧⣲⣿⣿⣬⣽⣷⣹⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⡝⣿⠾⣭⡋⡒⢯⢻⡶⠑⡎⠽⡈⢊⠈⠀⠀⠃⠁⠁⠀ ⣾⣿⣾⣒⢿⢷⣿⣶⡾⡳⢬⣮⠒⡔⡂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⣴⠈⢿⡺⠟⡦⣮⣷⡺⣟⣌⢿⣿⣟⣯⡟⢷⣻⣿⣿⣿⡵⢏⣿⣏⢣⣋⠻⣻⡭⢛⣞⣜⠂⡈⠸⢆⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣟⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣫⣝⠻⣠⢏⣫⣽⣦⡂⠸⣅⢠⡤⠤⠀⣀⡀⠠⢀⢀⡤⡰⠔⠀⠧⠺⢳⣤⣶⣽⣽⢗⣟⣿⣽⡿⣻⣟⣽⣿⡻⣏⣶⣟⣓⣭⣾⢷⣚⢬⢺⣧⠦⣊⠳⢕⣿⣳⣽⠭⠲⢯⢦⠘⠡⢈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣯⡍⣗⠛⠋⢵⣿⣶⣶⡇⠓⠛⠛⠃⢽⠚⠀⠂⠀⠘⠹⢉⡒⠊⠃⠉⠀⠉⠁⠈⣹⡟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣯⣿⣻⢿⣴⣿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣷⣿⣿⣻⣾⡴⡦⣾⣏⢏⡈⢇⡧⢌⢫⣍⠰⠑⠈⠀⢊⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢥⣟⢻⣿⡄⠀⠈⢻⣷⠏⠀⠀⣌⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣬⡁⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⠀⠰⠶⢶⣦⠋⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠙⣿⣟⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠾⣳⣽⡿⣿⡤⡛⡟⣁⡛⠦⠹⡴⣵⡅⠅⠃⠀⠀⠚⡈⠀⠠⠠⠄⠀ ⣯⣻⡶⣿⣷⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⢴⣯⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣣⣿⣯⣠⣫⣲⡊⢑⠶⠳⣻⡞⡜⢣⣗⡔⢙⠂⡁⡄⠐⠀⠅⠐⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢿⣿⢻⣿⣧⡀⡀⠀⠀⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀⣾⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠁⠠⢀⡆⠀⠀⠼⠿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⠿⢿⠿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣫⣿⣿⣟⣺⣧⣴⡿⣦⡞⠷⠽⠉⢲⠂⠊⡨⠀⠠⡈⠀⠐⠐⠄ ⣿⣯⣿⣿⣟⣿⣧⡈⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣂⣴⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢽⡋⣩⡻⣟⣻⣿⣨⡟⢳⡶⠪⠿⡴⠐⠏⠆⢱⠤⢂⠁⡀⠠⠄⠄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢯⢓⡻⣠⣟⢯⢻⡞⢱⡷⣀⢺⠠⠒⢄⢉⡢⠔⠈⠀⠄⠀⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣞⡭⣿⡎⣿⣴⠪⣙⣾⡼⡌⣄⠊⡉⣱⠆⠂⡀⠀⠀⠈⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣵⣿⣻⣭⢾⡗⡻⡿⠉⠩⡁⡅⠰⠰⠒⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡋⣫⣿⣷⡴⢴⢰⠚⡆⣠⠄⡢⠂⠡⠀⠁⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣟⣿⣵⡿⡰⣳⡾⠆⡣⠋⣔⠀⠰⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀ ⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣾⣧⠿⣿⣱⣛⢱⡭⣆⢠⢈⠀⠀⠂⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣟⣿⢿⡟⡿⣿⣿⣷⡟⣣⠇⠃⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣧⣨⣿⢏⣡⢬⠌⠀⠁⠀⠠⠔⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣞⢩⣻⣾⡇⢌⡙⠀⠃⡡⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 851 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/rhel-with-new-terms-and-conditions/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/rhel-with-new-terms-and-conditions/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IBM_and_Qt_Don’t_Understand_Free_Software_and_They_Now_Impose_Terms_and Conditions_on_Who_Qualifies_for_Use_of_Free_Software_Free_of_Charge⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat, Servers at 1:21 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/shareware-rhel.webm Summary: Red Hat is becoming as ‘free’ as shareware or freeware in some regard; one might say that they even mimic the immorality of the_'ethical'_licences while working_for_companies_that_bomb_people RED HAT (or IBM) has just announced_this_‘free’_(with_conditions)_offer that’s already coming under severe_criticism. Basically, after IBM took away CentOS from users (years after Red Hat had bought CentOS) it offers something similar, but this time with conditions, first a limit on the number of instances (up to 16) and now limitless albeit only for ‘Open-Source Infrastructure’, whatever that even means. They clearly feel the pinch, seeing that people might move away to Oracle or ‘Alma’ or ‘Rocky’ (and who knows what else is still in the pipeline, set aside non-RHEL-like distros). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Clock⦈ Qt_did_something_similar_about_a_year_ago, in effect taking away what was largely or widely regarded as Free software. They used a “bait/switch” kind of approach, in effect getting people ‘hooked’ on the free product (with high and increasing exit barriers) and now they want money. The code of many projects now depends on a proprietary stack again. Freedom isn’t an option and one needs to pay, regardless. They try to make it inconvenient to not pay, never mind if the timing is ever more sensitive due to a pandemic. The video above contains my thoughts on this latest move and a little bit of background information. █ ⣩⢽⣿⣻⢟⣛⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣛⣿⢭⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⡲⣮⣽⣿⣶⣬⣭⣝⣚⡻⠿⣤⡀⠉⠛⢷⣌⡹⢷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣾⣶⣔⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣷⣮⡟⢑⡷⣦⣄⠉⠓⢆⣀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣻⠿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣦⣬⣈⣛⢋⣛⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣯⣿⣟⣷⣯⣽⠺⣿⣷⣯⣯⡟⣿⢶⣬⣵⣈⠑⠮⡛⠶⣍⠻⣦⡀⠀⡀⡛⠿⣿⣿⡶⢧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣮⣚⢕⡯⣦⢄⠈⠓⠄⠀⠈⠛ ⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣵⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⡒⠦⣭⣉⣉⡻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢻⡇⡿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣝⣎⡑⠪⠛⠮⣽⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠙⠻⣟⣶⣤⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣷⣮⣒⢝⡳⣦⡀⠑⠣⢦ ⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡷⠛⣘⠿⢿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⡶⣯⣟⢿⡦⠄⠈⠛⠻⠿⢿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣦⣑⠀⡓⢝⠻⣷⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢷⣤⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣮⣗⢡⣤⣄⢘ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠈⡀⠀⣈⠩⣭⡤⣥⣤⢤⡤⣄⣤⢠⢰⣶⣶⣿⣶⣦⣄⡀⠃⢛⠻⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡒⢘⡳⢭⣻⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣷⣾⣟⢾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⠀⣹⡳⠲⡦⣌⣙⣛⡻⣿⣿⣻⠾⠘⣿⣿⢿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡈⠛⢷⣶⣯⣍⣛⡛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣮⣕⡭⣳⢭⣛⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣝⠖⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣷ ⣻⣛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⡄⣥⣨⠇⡓⠟⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣰⡼⣯⠄⠀⣰⣤⣦⣼⡿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠈⠛⠿⣸⣿⣿⣷⣶⣯⣭⣟⣿⣿⣿⣾⣵⡫⣓⢮⣛⢶⣆⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⣿⣿⣭⣴⠲⠷⣨⠭⣚⠂⢿⣷⣎⣑⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⠩⠍⠈⠳⣯⡷⢞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢽⡛⢻⢿⣶⣦⢈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣽⡺⣟⢷⣶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⡅⠠⠩⣛⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⠳⠟⠴⡦⣼⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠿⣼⣻⣿⢸⣿⣤⣀⡙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣽⣮⣕⠦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣾⣯⣯⣍⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⢿⣺⣋⣿⣶⣿⡿⢺⡿⣿⢿⣻⣟⣗⡄⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣑⠮⣐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⢼⣟⡿⣿⡧⣹⠋⠗⣊⣿⡟⢻⡹⢻⣶⣆⣄⡙⠻⢿⣿⣿⡋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡑⠪⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣼⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣷⣿⣫⣚⣒⢇⡯⠝⣠⣟⣻⡇⣿⣿⣷⣤⡈⠛⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠈⠑⠢⢐⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⢿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣻⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⣦⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⢄⡈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠠⡑⠮⡐⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡻⢏⣻⠛⠾⢽⣛⣟⣷⣙⣛⣟⣿⠲⣿⣾⣟⣁⡈⢭⡭⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⢫⢿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣾⡿⣿⣶⣄⡉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣁⠠⠁⠢⣑⠤⡀ ⣿⣿⣾⣙⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⣷⣭⣛⣿⡻⠐⠯⡆⠀⠈⠢⠛⢿⣯⣟⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠹⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣑⠨⡑⠮ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣬⣳⣿⣿⣿⠏⠘⢗⣺⠿⣟⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣶⣽⣿⣧⠀⠀⠴⡭⠻⡟⡻⢻⣾⣿⣷⣄⢈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⠴⣤⠑ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠽⢿⣿⣿⢙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣊⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢁⣀⠋⠀⢓⣴⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣌⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣳ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣛⠺⣿⣾⣟⣃⠉⠁⣄⢐⣹⣹⢿⡟⣿⢿⢿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣾⣭⢯⡹⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠯⣽⢾⡉⢻⢷⣦⣈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣧⣽⣿⣟⡒⡢⠾⣼⠍⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⡿⣿⣦⣄⢌⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣴⠿⣿⣶⡼⠿⣿⣷⣤⣀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⢧⡹⣦⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⢛⣛⣷⣮⣇⢸⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⢻⠳⠖⢶⣿⣿⣕⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣮⣿⣿⣿⡷⣀⠀⠙⠻ ⣿⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⠛⠻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠭⠶⠞⠛⣛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣌⣿⡐⠎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡁⠀⠠⠀⡙⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡂ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣴⣿⣿⡱⢛⡻⣿⣿⡿⢟⠩⣄⢶⠜⠆⠘⠃⠙⠃⠛⠘⠛⠐⠦⢩⡝⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣜⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣝⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿ ⣤⣴⣶⣿⡿⢟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣬⡼⠋⢤⡙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠰⡍⡻⢿⡛⠚⢃⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣡⣙⠂⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⣮⠲⢿⡅⣿⡦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⢯⡽⣿⡻⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢑⠦⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⢈⡲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡⣬⣭⡻⡏⢘⡓⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠋⢬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣭⣛⠿⢿⡟⣿⣷⣬⣉⣥⡇⣨⡙⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡮⢻⡛⢏⣨⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣟⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣟⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣇⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⡱⣴⠦⡾⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢛⠟⣛⢟⠻⡿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⡜⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣟⣛⣛⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠆⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠁⢀⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠛⣄⣚⣹⣬⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣽⣿⡟⡏⣬⢜⡆⡅⡲⠇⠾⢸⢨⢁⢷⢳⢢ ⣿⣿⣿⠋⣬⡁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⢓⣩⣡⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣭⣝⣻⠆⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⢛⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣱⣿⡿⠷⣳⠽⡼⢃⣧⠵⢖⣓⣛⠛⣃⢚⢓⣛⠮ ⣻⠟⢡⣾⣿⣿⣞⡄⠛⣫⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⡉⠩⣥⢰⡀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡌⠉⣭⠛⠻⠿⣷⣶⣭⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠈⣍⡸⡈⡻⢴⠝⣧⠙⢡⣿⠟⠳⢹⠔⢩⡼⢋⣔⠚⣋⣬⣥⣴⡶⠀⠀⢭⣭ ⣿⣴⣿⣿⡿⠛⠓⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣦⡀⠘⢿⡄⠙⣿⡿⠅⠻⠿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣾⠀⢰⠀⢨⢿⣿⣯⣶⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢨⡥⢻⡻⢇⢘⢻⡆⢸⣟⠪⠵⡳⢡⡟⣴⠝⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠘⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⢀⣾⣿⣿⡋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⠻⠻⣿⡆⢀⠙⠄⠘⣿⣖⠀⠈⣻⠟⡠⡀⠹⠀⢸⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣛⢿⣿⣿⣶⠆⣦⡘⣿⣷⣦⣼⣿⣾⣏⠥⡥⡎⣾⢰⡍⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣈⠀⡙ ⣿⣿⣿⠷⢠⣿⣿⡟⣈⠛⠎⢻⣿⣿⣿⣤⡤⠀⠛⡿⠘⣂⣀⠠⠬⣟⠛⣶⡓⢶⡀⢠⡤⠀⡘⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⠛⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡻⠿⢸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡝⢛⡢⣿⣬⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠂⠉ ⣿⣿⠟⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⡀⣉⠛⠻⠿⢶⣦⡛⢜⣦⠘⢷⣄⣿⣧⣽⣧⣬⣧⣬⣿⣄⣼⣷⠐⣿⣿⣦⠀⠠⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿⣷⣝⠻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡱⢨⡢⢻⠸⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀ ⡿⡿⡉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⢻⠗⡴⢯⡙⢿⣦⣽⣿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⡟⢈⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣗⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢻⣟⢭⢛⠞⡜⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⠛⠀ ⡏⢀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⠁⠸⠟⢿⣧⠞⢦⣬⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡍⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠈⠛⠂⠀⣠⣾⠋⢅⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⢿⣿⡿⣦⠀⢿⡇⡬⡳⠱⡩⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀ ⡇⠸⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣦⣀⣌⡟⠿⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣿⣽⣿⣏⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠙⠛⣤⣤⡗⢯⠏⠣⠘⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⡝⢵⣿⣯⢌⢿⣒⣻⣗⢳⡹⣈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢷⠘⠀⣿⣿⠀⠭⠛⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⢸⠻⠷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣟⣵⣤⣾⠯⣤⣐⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠻⣿⣮⣈⢻⣔⣖⡧⠵⣝⢮⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠤⠴⣶⣶⣬⣛⠻⢸⠙⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠙⢿⣷⡜⢿⣷⣀⠹⣧⣚⠛⠼⡢⡲⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠰⠁⢻⣿⣧⣶⣦⣤⣄⣉⡉⠛⠘⡶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣫⡍⣿⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡖⠱⡁⡤⠴⠶⠒⠛⠈⢿⣿⣎⢿⣿⣷⠈⠻⣮⣋⠖⣛⣪⡣⢌⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠻⠛⢷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣷⡤⢦⣄⠀⠉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠾⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣆⢻⣿⣧⡤⡈⠻⣜⣈⢟⣩⡶⢝⠂⣝⠻⣿ ⢶⡄⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⡀⣄⣀⣼⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⡟⢿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣆⠈⠳⣾⣟⣃⢓⠟⣢⣝⡂ ⠋⣴⡄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣟⠻⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠱⣉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠉⡙⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣤⠀⡄⠀⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡈⠙⢶⣎⣼⠟⣩⡽ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢿⣿⣆⠒⠒⠊⢉⣉⡁⠤⠩⡉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣔⣣⠤⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣤⣍⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡌⠙⠳⢮⣇ ⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣦⠛⠉⠁⠤⠤⠖⠒⠑⡟⠋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡋⠁⠀⠀⢀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡁⢸⠀⠤⠌⣉⡉⠛⠋⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠈ ⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣦⠀⠀⠻⣿⣧⣴⣶⡿⠟⠉⣀⣴⢾⣾⠿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣍⣸⣈⡑⠒⠤⢌⣉⠁⢸⣿⣿⠸⣿⣧⡭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠉⣏⠀⠀⠈⠑⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣌⢀⣴⣾⡧⠈⠀⠀⢵⣾⠿⠛⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⡙⡿⠿⠿⣿⣶⣦⣄⣉⢸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣶⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣸⣬ ⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣵⣿⡿⠕⠺⡛⠛⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣌⢻⢿⣆⢀⠁⠨⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠀⠷⣺⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣅⣯ ⢀⣀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢋⡠⠚⢁⡬⠀⢿⠃⣹⣿⢿⣶⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⡄⢨⠃⠌⡙⠿⣦⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⡀⠟⠉⠋⠉⠉⡎⢟⣿⣿⣿⠏ ⠀⠻⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣧⣅⠔⠋⡠⠚⣉⡄⠀⣰⣿⣿⣯⣠⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢯⣍⠻⣦⣜⡁⢌⠢⢌⠒⢄⡙⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠠⠉⠀⠐⢿⣿⠐ ⠀⠀⠙⠟⠛⠿⠋⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣣⣤⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣷⣄⣰⣿⡿⠀⢰⣿⡿⠧⠀⠘⢿⣶⡼⢏⡀⠻⡇⢸⣿⠉⣿⡅⢻⡇⠉⢳⣨⣽⣾⠉⠛⢻⣦⡑⢄⡑⠦⡈⠒⢀⣾⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣶⣦⣄⡀⡐⢈⣿⣧ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣄⡀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⠀⣶⠈⢩⣷⣿⡶⠚⣿⣶⣿⣯⡀⠻⣿⣿⣦⡆⠈⢈⣿⣦⡈⠢⠈⢠⣾⣿⣿⠃⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⠿⠟⠟⠻⢿⣿⣿ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⡇⡄⠀⣿⣿⡦⠄⠠⢿⣿⣿⣷⠠⡈⢿⣿⣷⣾⣦⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⡿⢃⢌⣼⣿⡿⠉⠛⠛⠋⠉⠳⠐⠳⠀⠀⣿ ⠻⣿⣗⣦⠀⠐⠲⡢⣄⢀⠀⣸⡯⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢠⣿⠀⢹⣿⣷⣶⡀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣧⠹⣄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⢠⣤⡀⢤⣤⣆⣀⠰⣘ ⢀⡿⠹⣯⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠺⣷⣾⡄⠂⠠⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣷⣶⣬⣿⣀⣘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣙⣇⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠠⠀⣰⣿⣿⢿⡉⠚⠹⠿⡿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⠇⣼ ⠀⡇⠀⠈⢻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣷⣶⣦⠀⣉⠛⠻⣶⣧⣼⠋⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣀⠐⢩⠩⣿⢿⢟⡏⣶⣿ ⠠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠾⣿⣦⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠠⡆⡁⠀⣿⣾⠛⣼⡿⣿ ⠤⠀⠀⠀⠶⠴⣦⣿⣳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢐⣀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠙⣧⣾⡩⡿⣿⢹⡟⠓⠢⢤⣬⣀⣀⡰⣠⢣⣾⣿⢳⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠳⠦⣴⣢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⠇⠀⠹⢾⣇⡀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠙⠁⣾⣽⣯⡘⠻ ⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢰⣤⣬⣴⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⢻⣿⣿⣷⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⢿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡾⠀⠈⠙⠛⠻⠷⢿⣷⡺⠿⣦⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢿⣟⢹⣿⢳⣽ ⠐⠒⠠⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢉⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⣐⣏⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠊⠉⠂⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⣿⣿⠿⢾⢾⣿⣶⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠓⠤⣔⣢⣤⢇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡟⠿⣿⣼⢗⠯⣉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡎⠙⠒⠤⠤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠈⠋⠁⢾⠗⢦ ⠈⠙⠁⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⢷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠲⠲⢤⣠⣄⣸⣇⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠐⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⡀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⢆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠽⢿⣿⣿⢑⠀⢀⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣷⠐⠒⠀⠤⠄⣀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⡀⠐⠢⠤⠤⢀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡄⠀⠈⡏ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 972 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/02/25/wordpress-gemini-links/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/02/25/wordpress-gemini-links/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Modifying_WordPress_to_Include_Gemini_Links_in_All_Articles_(Assuming_a Canonical_URL_Form)⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 8:18 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Links⦈ Summary: In order to promote the departure from the World Wide Web (where possible and suitable; sites with text don’t typically need Web-like features) one can promote the analogous pages in one’s Gemini capsule; we suggest a way of doing so in WordPress (the most widely used CMS) Different sites implement their Gemini (protocol) version differently. We intend to publish all the source code we’ve produced under the AGPLv3. In the meantime, for WordPress itself, here’s what it takes to display to readers the analogous page/address in Gemini. Canonical_links are assumed. “The Web as a whole is problematic and it would help to have the FSF promote Gemini.”The change typically requires using one’s template of choice (WordPress has templates to separate changes from the “core”). In our case, we’ve edited single.php to include the Gemini page of a given “single” post. For a site that just uses another protocol but the same URL structure the following may do: gemini://’ . $output . ‘

’; ?> Change the ‘smart’ quotes to something “normal”. They key is removing the http/https part, then replacing it with something else (“gemini://gemini.” in our case). There’s also the preg_replace approach, but it can get a tad problematic: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Link⦈ In Techrights we’ve used This post is also available in Gemini over at:

gemini://gemini.’ . $output . ‘

’; ?> It has meanwhile emerged that the FSF, perhaps belatedly, realised_that_Twitter is_no_longer_acceptable. For reasons we’ve mentioned since November of last year. The Web as a whole is problematic and it would help to have the FSF promote Gemini. The FSF mostly uses Drupal as a CMS. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠋⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣠⡀⠒⠒⠒⠶⠾⣿⣶⣶⣬⣭⣙⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣉⡉⠛⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣭⣟⣛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣄⣉⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣷⡶⠟⠛⠉⠉⣀⣀⢀⢉⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣴⠟⠉⠀⢐⣮⡷⠾⠿⠷⠿⠿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠟⠁⠐⣢⠾⠋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⣬⣙⡛⠿⣶⣤⣀⣸⡟⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢀⡾⠃⣴⣾⣧⡄⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⡘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣬⣉⣭⣾⡿⢅⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠏⠀⠀⡾⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣧⣴⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⣉⠓⠶⢤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⠛⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠁⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⠉⠙⠶⣄⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣄⣈⣉⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡆⠀⢸⣇⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢄⠀⠀⠘⢆⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠻⠿⢶⣶⣤⣤⣀⢉⡉⠙⠛⠛⠻ ⣬⣝⣲⣶⣀⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠈⢿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣼⣿⣿⠏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⠀⠀⠈⢴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠳⠶⠄⡄ ⣤⣍⣙⠛⠛⢁⣠⣿⣥⣶⣦⣭⣝⡛⠿⢿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣿⠿⢛⣩⣴⣿⣿⡟⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡇⢴⠀⡎⠀⢀⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣛⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣬⣭⣭⣥⣶⣾⣿⣿⡿⠛⢁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⠀⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣬⣝⣛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠘⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣇⣿⡄⢿⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢻⣾⢧⡈⢿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⡀⠂⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠻⣿⡳⡀⠙⢧⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣌⡓⠢⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠻⠿⣻⠿⠿⠿⠷⠀⠈⠻⣾⡂⠀⠈⠒⠤⢄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣉⡑⠢⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠾⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣈⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠉⠑⠓⠷⠤⢾⣀⣠⣶⢄⠀⠈⠹⠋⠂⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠈⠉⢉⣡⡆⠀⠀⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⢸⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣭⣭⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢈⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣏⠙⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣋⣛⣒⠻⠭⠿⣟⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣟⣛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣄⠂⣻⣿⡟⢉⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣭⣭⣑⣒⡚⠭⠭⢟⣛⡛⠋⠳⠁⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠲⠶⠤⢤⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣼⣿⣿⣏⡀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣁⠀⠉⠻⣧⠙⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣖⣶⣤⠤⣄⣀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻ ⠀⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣷⣿⣧⠀⢀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⣉⡺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠂⠠⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣠⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⡥⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣦⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣷⢠⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠕⠀⢻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⡷⠀⠘⣿⠏⠠⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣿⣿⣿⠷⠦⢻⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠋⢰⠀⠀⠈⣿⡏⠭⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⡡⠄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡌⠀⠀⢠⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣾⣿⣿⣯⢁⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠃⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣌⣉⡉⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣦⢀⠤⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠓⠒⠈⠁⠑⠀⡀⠁⠀⠒⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1104 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_26/2/2021:_Istio_1.7.8_Announced,_Blender_2.92,_Firebird_3.0_Language Reference,_FSF_Against_Twitter⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:36 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Activate_Linux_on_Your_Chromebook⠀⇛ Chromebooks are popular, relatively inexpensive machines that run Chrome OS and provide all the basic functionality you’d expect from a modern computer. But, writes Seth Kenlon, you can get more out of these machines by simply activating Linux. # ⚓ The_Innovation_Lab:_A_Space_for_Creative_Learning⠀⇛ The reason why we use System76 to power all the computers in the space is because I’m a big supporter of Linux in general, and System76 has been really consistent and helpful. I think the openness of System76 definitely gives the students the ability to experiment and the freedom to break stuff in a creative environment, without being too constrained by proprietary software. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Announcing_Istio_1.7.8⠀⇛ This release contains bug fixes to improve robustness. This release note describes what’s different between Istio 1.7.7 and Istio 1.7.8 # ⚓ Support_for_Istio_1.7_has_ended⠀⇛ At this point we will no longer back-port fixes for security issues and critical bugs to 1.7, so we heartily encourage you to upgrade to the latest version of Istio (1.9) if you haven’t already. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Technically_Speaking_(S1E02):_Edge_IT:_A_space_odyssey⠀⇛ # ⚓ OBS_Tutorial:_Break_Down_My_Video_Workflow⠀⇛ I am constantly using OBS for this channel and over time I’ve worked out ways to simplify my video production workflow and automate a lot of annoying tasks that I have to do in every video, so today I thought I’d share some of those tips and tricks. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_to_fund_Linux_developers_to_fix_kernel_security problems⠀⇛ Linux Foundation will use the developers to work exclusively on security developments # ⚓ Videos_and_slides_of_Bootlin_presentations_at_FOSDEM⠀⇛ The videos from Bootlin’s presentations earlier this month at FOSDEM 2021 are now publicly available. Once again, FOSDEM was a busy event, even if it was online for once. As in most technical conferences, Bootlin engineers volunteered to share their experience and research by giving two talks. # ⚓ Intel’s_Simple_Firmware_Interface_Being_Killed_Off_With Linux_5.12_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Intel’s “Simple Firmware Interface” that dates back to the company’s early Atom-powered mobile days is being eliminated with the in-development Linux 5.12 kernel. More than one decade ago with the Intel Moorestown platform, Simple Firmware Interface (SFI) was envisioned as a solution for lightweight devices in place of a complete ACPI implementation. Intel hasn’t employed the Simple Firmware Interface as part of their platform design in years while ACPI is alive and well. Last year Intel engineers marked SFI as “obsolete” within the Linux kernel and confirmed Intel had no plans of resurrecting the Simple Firmware Interface. # ⚓ VFIO_Gets_Batched_Page_Pinning_For_An_Easy_Performance Improvement_With_Linux_5.12_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The VFIO changes to the Linux 5.12 kernel include an optimization worth mentioning. The VFIO driver work for Linux 5.12 isn’t too significant but the batched page pinning will be of interest to some. Up to now the VFIO kernel code has relied on pinning one 4K page at a time. That major efficiency bottleneck has been addressed with the batched page pinning to handle batches of 512 at a time. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Blender_2.92_Released_With_Geometry_Nodes,_OpenCL_For_Intel Iris/Xe⠀⇛ Blender 2.92 is out today as the latest feature release for this award-winning, open-source 3D graphics/modeling software. # ⚓ Blender_2.92⠀⇛ o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_check_memory_utilization_in_Linux⠀⇛ How do I check memory utilization in Linux using command-line and GUI options?The post How to check memory utilization in Linux appeared first on nixCraft. # ⚓ ZimbraLogHostname_is_not_configured_–_error⠀⇛ # ⚓ Enabling_other_users_to_login_from_the_xscreensaver lockscreen_in_Lubuntu_20.10_|_Fitzcarraldo’s_Blog⠀⇛ If Lubuntu 20.10 suspends to RAM, xscreensaver displays a lockscreen with login window when the system resumes. However, LXQt and SDDM currently do not provide a ‘Switch User’ option, so, if you are not the currently logged-in user and you do not know that user’s password, you will be stuck on the xscreensaver lockscreen. If you click on ‘New Login’ in the xscreensaver window, a message similar to the following is displayed and there is no way for a different user to login… # ⚓ How_to_install_OpenTTD_on_Linux_Mint_20.1_–_based_on Transport_Tycoon_Deluxe_–_YouTube⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install OpenTTD on Linux Mint 20.1. # ⚓ 5_quick_ways_to_kill_a_process_in_Linux_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ inux Operating System provides several ways of terminating a Linux operating system process. The obvious way to stop a program is by clicking the X button in the top left or right corner. But there are myriad other ways to kill a process; we are here to discuss the other efficient ways. # ⚓ How_to_use_EA_Origin_on_Linux⠀⇛ Electronic Arts distributes its video games through Origin, a DRM gaming platform similar to Steam. Sadly, it hasn’t ever had a Linux release, and it doesn’t appear that EA will ever put it on the platform. However, it is possible to install the Windows version on Linux with Lutris. Here’s how to do it. # ⚓ How_to_install_Gparted_partition_editor_on_Linux⠀⇛ The Gparted partition editor is a powerful tool for Linux users. With it, users are able to create new hard drive partitions, edit filesystem boot flags, reformat partitions, and more. Here’s how to install the Gparted app on Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Update_Ubuntu,_Linux_Mint,_or_Elementary_OS_via_the Desktop⠀⇛ As a Linux user, you certainly don’t want to miss out on any updates keeping you secure and on the cutting edge. To make that easy, we’ll learn today how to update Ubuntu, Linux Mint, and Elementary OS without messing around in the terminal. # ⚓ How_to_disable_and_enable_a_touch_screen_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to disable and enable a touch screen on your Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ ut2004_–_players_vs_(more)_bots_(than_players)⠀⇛ of course a bit more game physics as with the source2 (half life 2) engine would have been nice… but still… overall one of the best games ever X-D (the internet connection of course needs to be fast and it is best to run dedicated (GNU Linux) server for best performance. # ⚓ Stadia_Fallout:_Nobody_Can_Address_Stadia_Games’_Bugs Because_Google_Fired_All_The_Developers⠀⇛ More bad news for Stadia. We were just discussing Google’s decision to axe its own game development studios. In and of itself, such a move to cut staff like this would be a worrying sign for the platform, especially given just how much growing interest there has been in video games and game- streaming surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. But when it’s instead one more indication that Google isn’t fully committed to its own platform, alongside the poor reception from the public and concerns about whether it can deliver the gaming experience it promised, these things tend to pile up on one another. I have attempted to drive home the point of just how important the development of trust with customers is for Stadia, given that those buying into the platform are gaming entirely at the pleasure of Google’s desire to keep Stadia going. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ New_Video_by_Ramon_|_Krita⠀⇛ Ramon Miranda has just finished a new video, this time he’s doing impressionism in Krita! And with that, there’s also a new brush preset bundle for you to download! Click on the image to go to the video on Krita’s channel! # ⚓ Check_Your_Painting_Values_with_One_Krita_Shortcut⠀⇛ New video tutorial: how to set up one Keyboard shortcut to check your painting values in #krita while painting? Here is a short (2min) quick tip to answer this 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:-)⦈ # ⚓ Slimbook_Becomes_a_KDE_Patron⠀⇛ “Since our early days in 2015, we at SLIMBOOK have been trying our best not only to sell GNU/Linux compatible quality hardware, but also to contribute and help those who make Free and Open Source Software. Our variety of contributions range from giving support to local groups of developers, the making of forums and tutorials to help the Linux community and sharing a common vision with KDE, to hit the market with a device able to provide the end user with the best out-of-the-box Linux experience available. [...] We take our duty of supporting the KDE Community full of pride, and we are honored to be KDE Patrons.” # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_40_Beta_has_been_Released⠀⇛ Anyone looking to test the beta for the upcoming GNOME 40 release can now do so. On the heels of the alpha release of GNOME 40, the developers have announced the availability of the beta, which includes a number of improvements and bug fixes. Of course, the biggest change to GNOME is the new horizontal Activities Overview, which makes for a much-improved workflow on the desktop. With the desktops residing at the top of the Overview, it is now easier to drag and drop an application to the specific desktop you want. It’s far more intuitive and efficient. This new layout also improves usage with touch screen navigation and faster overall performance. Another hotly anticipated change comes by way of how multi-monitor support will work with the new horizontal Activities Overview. GNOME 40 will default to only showing workspaces on the primary display, with the top bar and the Activities Overview on both displays. # ⚓ GNOME_40_beta_is_here_—_the_best_Linux_desktop environment_is_getting_better⠀⇛ There are a lot of great desktop environments for Linux, such as Cinnamon, KDE Plasma, and Xfce to name a few. With that said, only one can be the best, and that is GNOME. If you prefer a different environment, you are simply wrong or ignorant on the subject. You know what? That’s fine. As they say, ignorance is bliss, so if you are happy not using GNOME, more power to you. For those of us superior Linux users that prefer GNOME, it is time to get excited. You see, the GNOME 40 beta is finally here. Yes, the next version of the desktop environment will be forty thanks to a new confusing naming scheme. This version of the DE is most notable for a series of UI changes, such as a horizontal workspace switcher and the movement of the Dash (favorites launcher) to the bottom of he screen (like the dock on macOS). # ⚓ Molly_de_Blanc:_Friends_of_GNOME_Update_–_February 2021⠀⇛ Typically FOSDEM is a big deal for the GNOME Foundation. We have a booth, we give talks, we run hackfests, there is GNOME Beers, and we have lots and lots of meetings. This year FOSDEM was a little different. While we didn’t give any talks or run a hackfest, we had a virtual stand. For us, the highlight of this was having scheduled hours in the chat, during which we talked with participants about different GNOME-related topics. It was great to meet people, and it’s always fun to talk about GNOME. Our GNOME Beers event was also a lot of fun. Around 40 people joined Neil McGovern for a tour of three different Belgian beers. We learned more about beer than many of us expected to. [...] We have also announced GUADEC 2021! GUADEC will take place July 21 – 25, also online. GUADEC is the GNOME conference, covering everything GNOME and many general FOSS topics in talks, birds of a feather sessions, and workshops. The call for abstracts it open. We’re looking for talks related to FOSS in general as well as GNOME specifically. Past talks I’ve personally enjoyed have been on growing the tech community in Kenya; the environmental impact of tech and what we can do about it; better communication with open, remote collaborative communities; how to have great meetings; and many GNOME specific topics. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.10_review⠀⇛ We really enjoyed the last Ubuntu release, and indeed the slew of Ubuntu-derivatives (such as Mint and Pop!_OS) that have been rebased on 20.04. We’re still waiting patiently for elementary OS 6 though… For those unfamiliar with Ubuntu’s release cycle, this is the first of three interim, short-term release (STR) versions that Canonical and the community will use to shape the next LTS (long-term support) release in 2022. If you’re looking for stability and would rather nothing broke, we’d strongly advise you to stick with the LTS. # ⚓ FossaPup64_9.5_review⠀⇛ Puppy’s Ubuntu-based release has had a major update and is now based on Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa. This means that FossaPup64 9.5 (which also goes by the much easier nomenclature, Puppy Linux 9.5) is binary compatible with the latest Ubuntu LTS release and can pull applications from its repositories without any issues. This release is the fourth official release of an Ubuntu-based 64-bit Puppy. Like all Puppy distros, FossaPup64 is built using the Woof-CE build system that’s designed to assemble Puppy variants from the binary packages of any other distro. A key feature of the official Puppy releases is that they’re modular. You can easily swap out components including the kernel and various programs to create a streamlined Puppy. # ⚓ Trisquel_9.0_review⠀⇛ The world is full of people shouting and clamoring for the latest thing (and the last review pages because we go to press today – Ed). So it’s always reassuring to discover places where things still move slowly. Nowhere is this more true than Trisquel, the freedom (as in speechdom)-loving, Ubuntu- based distro endorsed by the Free Software Foundation. Trisquel used to push out one release a year (based on the corresponding Ubuntu LTS release), but it’s been over 18 months since the previous release. And that one took over three years to come into fruition. This new release is based on Ubuntu 18.04, the second- to-last LTS release, which is supported until 2023. [...] With this release Trisquel moves from Xfce to the MATE desktop, so if you long for those Gnome 2 vibes then this might be for you. ISOs are getting bigger and Trisquel’s weighs in at 2.6GB. A 1.2GB mini-image is available that runs LXDE – ideal for older machines. There’s also Triskel, a KDE spin, and Trisquel Sugar Toast which is an educational release. Oh and there’s a tiny Net Install image too if you want to build a minimal but freedom-loving OS from the ground up. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Public_Cloud_Image_Change_Information⠀⇛ With the last push of our Public Cloud images we also enabled the publishing of image change information. We’ve had numerous requests to make change data available when images get published and we are happy to share that this data is now available. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Refines_Kubernetes_for_Both_Traditional_and Cloud-Native_Applications_with_Latest_Version_of_Red Hat_OpenShift⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced Red Hat OpenShift 4.7, the latest version of the industry’s leading enterprise Kubernetes platform. Designed to simplify and accelerate application modernization, the latest version of Red Hat OpenShift is based on Kubernetes 1.20 and helps remove the strain on IT teams as they seek to unite traditional applications with cloud-native. All of these new capabilities are built on the consistent platform that Red Hat OpenShift provides across the open hybrid cloud. # ⚓ Contribute_at_the_Fedora_Audio,_Kernel_5.11_and_i18n test_days⠀⇛ Fedora test days are events where anyone can help make sure changes in Fedora work well in an upcoming release. Fedora community members often participate, and the public is welcome at these events. If you’ve never contributed to Fedora before, this is a perfect way to get started. # ⚓ Red_Hat_opens_the_door_for_both_VMs_and_containers_in its_latest_OpenShift_release_|_ZDNet⠀⇛ Kubernetes is great for managing containers. But, as popular as containers are, we’re still running a lot of applications on virtual machines (VM). Wouldn’t it be nice if you could use Kubernetes to orchestrate both your containers and VMs? Red Hat certainly thinks so, and with the release of Red Hat OpenShift 4.7, you can use their Kubernetes distribution to manage both your older mission-critical and newer cloud-native applications. # ⚓ QElectroTech_version_0.80_–_Remi’s_RPM_repository_– Blog⠀⇛ RPM of QElectroTech version 0.80, an application to design electric diagrams, are available in remi for Fedora and Enterprise Linux ≥ 8. A bit more than 1 year after the version 0.70 release, the project have just released a new major version of their electric diagrams editor. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Snapcraft_Clinic⠀⇛ At work we have a forum where developers can discuss packaging Linux applications, specifically as snaps. Sometimes developers just want to pair through a problem to get it either resolved for themselves, or for whatever is blocking to be handed off to the right people. One strategy for supporting developers we found effective was via regular live video conference. So last year we started the Snapcraft Clinic. On a semi-regular basis we dedicate time to join with anyone who has technical issues with snapping, to help them. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Arduino_MKR_IoT_Carrier_embeds_display,_sensors,_and I/Os_for_IoT_projects⠀⇛ Arduino Oplà IoT Kit was launched last fall as the first open programmable IoT platform from the company. The kit included everything you need to create your own IoT devices with MKR IoT carrier with a 1.3-inch OLED color display, environmental sensors, capacitive touch buttons, Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 board, external PIR motion and moisture sensors, a circular plastic enclosure, and various cables. # ⚓ Open-spec_Raspberry_Pi_CM4_carrier_has_M.2_and_GbE with_PoE⠀⇛ Oratek’s $110 “Tofu” carrier for the RPi CM4 is equipped with GbE with PoE, HDMI, 3x USB, Type-C, MIPI DSI- and CSI, 7.5-28VDC input, and M.2 with micro-SIM and NVMe support. The Oct. 2020 launch of the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4, which lacks pin compatibility with the RPi CM3, has attracted a new wave of companies selling carrier board alternatives to the official $35 carrier. The latest is Switzerland based Oratek, which has opened pre-orders for a Tofu board for 99 Swiss Francs (about $110), with shipments due in mid-March. The board ships with schematics, mechanical drawings, a STEP file, and other open hardware resources. # ⚓ Now_you_can_run_Unix_on_the_tiny_$4_Raspberry_Pi_Pico |_ZDNet⠀⇛ Developers who have one of Raspberry Pi’s latest gadgets, the Pi Pico, have a newly ported potential operating system to work with called Fuzix, a Unix-like OS for small things. “So you can now run Unix on a $4 microcontroller,” said Raspberry Pi in its blog post about the project. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ [Update:_Feb._25]_Samsung_One_UI_3.0/3.1_(Android_11) update_bugs_&_issues_tracker_–_PiunikaWeb⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Google_could_turn_Android_into_just_another subscription_|_PCWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_a_PS5_controller_on_Android_|_Android Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_Trivia_Apps_for_Android_and_iOS_|_Digital Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ 3_Ways_to_Use_Punch-Hole_Notch_as_Battery_Indicator On_Android_–_Gadgets_To_Use⠀⇛ # ⚓ Set_up_this_Android_privacy_feature_before_you_need to_use_it⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_launches_Android_Sleep_API,_available_to_apps now_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Brave_web_browser_1.17.3_review⠀⇛ Nobody likes ads, but they’re unfortunately central to today’s revenue models, so we’d rather see ones that directly fund creators and projects rather than horrible advertising networks. Brave uses its own Privacy-Preserving Product Analytics (P3A) to target ads and avoid the tracking associated with other services. Brave’s ad network returns 70 per cent of its revenue to users, so this is anything but a money grab. It seems a little cheeky to block a webpage’s own ads only to run your own, but we like cheeky. We found casual browsing to be snappy with Brave and struggled to find any site (that’s worth your time) that required the adblocker to be disabled. Even our sister site and ad haven TechRadar didn’t bat (no pun intended) an eyelid. The ad-blocking engine is written in Rust and hardware acceleration is enabled by default. If you browse to brave://gpu you can see what features are enabled. We were pleased to see that installing Brave on our Pop-powered Dell XPS 13 gave us WebGL2 rendering out of the box. To get accelerated video decoding to work we had to enable an experimental flag, but then it worked just fine. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ Mariuz’s_Blog:_Firebird_3.0_Language_Reference_ (English)_Released⠀⇛ The Firebird Documentation Team is proud to announce the first release of the English Firebird 3.0 Language Reference (HTML, PDF). You can also find it on the Documentation page. This new Language Reference covers all SQL syntax of Firebird 3.0. The new English Firebird 3.0 Language Reference is based in part on the Russian Firebird 3.0 Language Reference, but is not a direct translation (though we thankfully copied parts of it). Work has also been started on the Firebird 4.0 Language Reference. # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ New_changes_to_Twitter_make_it_even_worse_for_free software_users⠀⇛ There are many complicated debates happening right now around Twitter and its role in public discourse. These discussions are important, but we also shouldn’t forget a very basic and clear principle — whatever its policies are about who can and can’t post or how, it’s of fundamental importance that Twitter should not require users to run nonfree software in order to use the site. Unfortunately, on December 15th, Twitter removed its “legacy” Web interface. As opposed to its much larger and more complex default Web client, the legacy interface did not use proprietary JavaScript (or any JavaScript). Previously, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) could tolerate the use of Twitter because of this legacy interface. While it was active, we referred free software advocates to it, or to third-party free software applications. Twitter’s removing access to this interface means that users are forced to use the site’s nonfree JavaScript if they don’t have a dedicated desktop or mobile client, preventing freedom-respecting browsers like GNU IceCat from posting to the service. But why use Twitter in the first place, if we know that it has these issues? As any charity can attest, engaging users on social media is one of the chief ways of getting their message across. The same is true for software freedom. We need to be talking about free software in places where everyone is not already a committed free software supporter — we won’t be successful if we are only in our own echo chamber, or preaching to the choir. It’s important for us as activists to be reaching the people on these platforms, even if we have some reservations about using them ourselves. Twitter has its share of issues, but until we’re able to drive enough users to the software freedom movement to where we can rely solely on word of mouth, we need to include them in our messaging strategy. We are, however, careful to make sure that you don’t have to follow the FSF on Twitter in order to receive news or updates. Everything we publish is also posted on platforms based on free software principles, including Mastodon and GNU social. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Delete_The_Code⠀⇛ For a long time, I’ve tried very, very, very, very hard to work around problems with NIR variables when it comes to UBOs and SSBOs. Really, I have. But the bottom line is that, at least for gallium-based drivers, they’re unusable. They’re so unreliable that it’s only by sheer luck (and a considerable amount of it) that zink has worked at all until this point. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Custom_when_|_Playing_Perl_6_b6xA_Raku⠀⇛ I didn’t quite like the syntax of using match in the last post. The commas in the list of its arguments looked strangely out of place. Maybe because my eyes are used to a given block. Sleeping over it helped. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Compartmentalizing_Woody_Allen_…_or_Not⠀⇛ o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Mexico’s_Decision_to_Ban_Glyphosate_Has_Rocked the_Agribusiness_World⠀⇛ GM corn presidential decree comes despite intense pressure from industry, U.S. authorities. # ⚓ ‘Join_This_Struggle,’_Says_Healthcare_Activist_Ady_Barkan After_Santa_Barbara_Approves_Medicare_for_All_Resolution⠀⇛ “The pandemic has made it painfully clear that the status quo is unacceptable,” said another campaigner after a local community vote that speaks to a national trend. # ⚓ Cuomo’s_Cover-up_Will_be_Most_Effectively_Weaponized_by_the Right⠀⇛ The revelation was fairly shocking, but hardly out of character. Cuomo’s mishandling of the pandemic—coupled with a particularly personal brand of megalomaniacal arrogance—has been plenty obvious for some time. The specific issue of nursing home deaths has been a persistent note in this mismanagement. A rule adopted early in the crisis, forcing nursing homes to re-admit convalescing COVID-19 patients, was blamed, at least in part, for the rampant early spread of the coronavirus through New York State nursing homes. (As David Sirota pointed out, the rule coincided neatly with a corporate immunity provision in the state budget that protected the heavily Cuomo-donating healthcare industry from COVID-related lawsuits.) For months afterward, the state refused to release a definitive total of individuals who had died in nursing homes. The administration was forced to address this about three weeks ago, when a report by New York Attorney General Letitia James estimated that the official count of nursing home fatalities may have been only 50% of the actual total. The official death toll has since been progressively revised upwards, and now stands around 15,000 deaths. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ State_of_FinOps_2021_Report_Shows Massive_Growth_in_Cloud_Financial Management⠀⇛ Teams working with FinOps, the field of cloud financial management, are expected to grow 40% in 2021 according to a new report from the FinOps Foundation, a Linux Foundation non-profit trade association focused on codifying and promoting cloud financial management best practices and standards. The survey of over 800 FinOps practitioners – with a collective $30+ billion in annual cloud spend – underscores the need for more education around how to manage cloud finances. # ⚓ Here_Is_How_To_Create_A_Clean, Resilient_Electrical_Grid⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_Foundation,_LF_Networking, and_LF_Edge_Announce_Speaker_Line-up for_Open_Networking_&_Edge_Executive Forum,_March_10-12⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, along with co-hosts LF Networking, the umbrella organization fostering collaboration and innovation across the entire open networking stack, and LF Edge, the umbrella organization building an open source framework for the edge, announced today the speaker line-up for Open Networking & Edge Executive Forum. The schedule can be viewed here and the speaker details can be viewed here. Open Networking & Edge Executive Forum (ONEEF) is a special edition of Open Networking & Edge Summit, the industry’s premier open networking & edge event, gathering senior technologists and executive leaders from enterprises, telecoms and cloud providers for timely discussions on the state of the industry, imminent priorities and insights into Service Provider, Cloud, Enterprise Networking, and Edge/IOT requirements. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation,_LF_Networking, and_LF_Edge_Announce_Speaker_Line-up for_Open_Networking_&_Edge_Executive Forum,_March_10-12⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Top_Free_Tools_for_Sysadmins_in_2021⠀⇛ It’s no secret that sysadmins have plenty on their plates. Managing, troubleshooting, and updating software or hardware is a tedious task. Additionally, admins must grapple with complex webs of permissions and security. This can quickly become overwhelming without the right tools. If you’re a sysadmin seeking to simplify your workflows, you’re in luck. We’ve gathered some excellent software picks to help tackle different duties more efficiently. Thankfully, these free tools are also respectful of tight budgets—without sacrificing core functionality. # ⚓ Configuration_Security_for_Remote_Endpoints with_CIS-CAT_Pro_|_CSO_Online⠀⇛ Configuration management can be challenging. IT teams can become overwhelmed between various standards, compliance requirements, and security options. As the popularity of remote work grows, so does the complexity of implementing secure configurations. Thankfully, there are consensus- developed security recommendations and tools available to help automate the process. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Treasury_Oversight_Says_IRS_Should Consider_Getting_Warrants_Before_Buying Location_Data_From_Data_Brokers⠀⇛ Last October, Senators Ron Wyden and Elizabeth Warren asked the IRS’s oversight to take a look at the agency’s use of third-party data brokers to obtain cell site location info harvested from phone apps. This new collection of location data appeared to bypass the Supreme Court’s Carpenter decision, which said cell site location info was protected by the Fourth Amendment. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Appeals_Court_Rejects_New_York_Police_Unions’_Attempt_To Block_Disclosure_Of_Disciplinary_Records⠀⇛ A bunch of New York City law enforcement unions have been suing to block the side effects of the repeal of 50-a, an ordinance passed in 1976 that exempted police departments and other agencies (like fire departments) from disclosing information about misconduct to the public. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Indigenous_Water_Protectors_Fight_to_Stop Construction_of_the_“Pandemic_Pipeline”⠀⇛ Biden halted Keystone XL, but Enbridge’s Line 3 would pipe the same tar sands oil into the U.S. and across Anishinaabe treaty lands. # ⚓ Fighting_‘Disease_of_Greed_and_Destruction,’_Water Protectors_Blockade_Over_a_Dozen_Line_3_Worksites⠀⇛ Anti-pipeline campaigners locked themselves to an overturned car and engaged in other forms of civil disobedience as the fight against the tar sands project in Minnesota continues. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Sunshine_for_All:_Closing_the_Solar_Energy Gap⠀⇛ Proven strategies can make solar power available to lower income people. # ⚓ ERCOT_CEO_Paid_$883K_Salary_While_Texans_Saddled_With Crushing_Electricity_Bills⠀⇛ # ⚓ Avowed_Climate_Champion_Gavin_Newsom_Sued_for ‘Completely_Unacceptable’_Approval_of_Oil_and_Gas Projects_in_California⠀⇛ “Newsom can’t protect our health and climate while giving thousands of illegal permits each year to this dirty and dangerous industry. We need the courts to step in and stop this.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_What_the_Texas_Deep_Freeze_Revealed_About Corporate-Run_Government⠀⇛ Not only must our corporate-controlled electric grid be replaced; so must our corporate-controlled ag policy—and our corporate-controlled elected officials. # ⚓ ‘Glad_That’s_Settled’:_Manchin_Backs_Haaland_for Interior⠀⇛ The West Virginia Democrat’s announcement signals a key hurdle for her confirmation as secretary is cleared. # ⚓ Deb_Haaland_Is_Everything_the_Biden_Administration Needs_to_Be⠀⇛ When Joe Biden tapped Deb Haaland to serve as the nation’s 54th secretary of the interior, she accepted the designation as no nominee before her. “A voice like mine has never been a cabinet secretary or at the head of the Department of Interior,” declared the representative from New Mexico. “Growing up in my mother’s Pueblo household made me fierce. I’ll be fierce for all of us, our planet, and all of our protected land.” # ⚓ Pro-Fossil_Fuel_Senators_Grill_Deb_Haaland_as_She Bids_to_Become_First_Indigenous_Cabinet_Secretary⠀⇛ Indigenous communities across the United States are closely following the Senate confirmation hearings of Congressmember Deb Haaland, President Joe Biden’s pick to lead the Interior Department, who would become the first Native American to serve as a cabinet secretary if she is confirmed. Haaland is a tribal citizen of the Laguna Pueblo, and the prospect of an Indigenous person leading the federal department with broad oversight of Native American affairs has galvanized support for her in Indian Country. Several Republican senators have grilled Haaland over her past comments opposing fracking, the Keystone XL oil pipeline and other fossil fuel projects, attempting to paint her as a “radical.” Journalist Julian Brave NoiseCat says there is a deep irony in Republican attacks on Haaland. “As soon as we get the first-ever Native cabinet secretary nominated, conservatives act like we’re going to take away their land and their way of life,” he says. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘It’s_Not_Up_to_Him,’_Respond_Critics_as_DeJoy_Says_He Plans_to_Remain_Postmaster_General_for_a_‘Long_Time’⠀⇛ “DeJoy is daring Senate Democrats to do something about him.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Congress_Should_Go_Big_to_Improve_the_US_Postal Service⠀⇛ Policymakers should focus on rebuilding the Postal Service after the Trump years. # ⚓ ‘All_Other_States_Should_Follow’:_Advocates_Applaud_as Illinois_Approves_Elimination_of_Cash_Bail⠀⇛ The move comes as part of a broader measure featuring what the ACLU called “important changes to policing and our criminal justice system.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_New_Report_Estimating_$15_Minimum_Wage_Will_Cost 1.4_Million_Jobs_Is_Wrong⠀⇛ A much-cited Congressional Budget Office estimate doesn’t reflect the best economic evidence. # ⚓ Harvard_Newspaper_to_Biden:_Cancel_More_Than_$10K_in Student_Debt_and_Don’t_Use_Ivy_League_as_Excuse_Not_To⠀⇛ “It’s not our student debt—but we still want Biden to forgive it.” o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Critics_Warn_New_GOP_Bill_Shows_‘It’s_Open_Season_on_Voting Rights_in_Georgia’⠀⇛ “Election laws should be structured to increase voter participation, not to suppress it.” # ⚓ Jewish_Groups_Urge_Biden_to_‘Review_and_Revoke’_Trump-Era ‘Made_in_Israel’_Settlement_Goods_Policy⠀⇛ The groups said that the previous administration’s order “runs counter to the Biden administration’s policy of opposing settlement activity and unilateral annexation of territory.” # ⚓ Gerry_Connolly_Goes_Off_on_Jim_Jordan:_“I_Didn’t_Vote_to Overturn_an_Election._And_I_Will_Not_Be_Lectured_by_People Who_Did!”⠀⇛ The congressman added that “you lose the right to complain about partisanship once you’ve fanned the flames of violent insurrection.” # ⚓ £25,000_Reward_Offered_for_Copy_of_Geoff_Aberdein Testimony⠀⇛ This website is offering a reward of £25,000 cash to help a public spirited whistleblower to come forward and reveal a copy of Geoff Aberdein’s evidence to the Sturgeon Inquiry, which the Committee of Crooks has refused to publish, accept or consider, because it categorically proves that Sturgeon lied to Parliament. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Content_Moderation_Case_Study:_Chatroulette_Leverages_New AI_To_Combat_Unwanted_Nudity_(2020)⠀⇛ Summary: Chatroulette rose to fame shortly after its creation in late 2009. The platform offered a new take on video chat, pairing users with other random users with each spin of the virtual wheel. # ⚓ Yet_Another_Story_Shows_How_Facebook_Bent_Over_Backwards_To Put_In_Place_Different_Rules_For_Conservatives⠀⇛ It has become an article of faith among some that the big social media sites engage in “anti- conservative bias” in their moderation practices. When we point out, over and over again, that there is no evidence to support these claims, our comments normally fill up with very, very angry people calling us “delusional” and saying things like “just look around!” But they never actually provide any evidence. Because it doesn’t seem to exist. Instead, what multiple looks at the issue have found is that moderation policies might ban racists, trolls, and bigots, and unless your argument is that “conservatism” is the same thing as “racism, trolling, and bigotry” then you don’t have much of an argument. In fact, studies seem to show that Facebook, in particular, has bent over backwards to support conservative voices on the platform. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘The_judge_hears_all_of_it’_How_Russian_police_officers_use compromised_witnesses_to_frame_innocent_people_—_and_keep getting_away_with_it⠀⇛ Reporters from iStories and Meduza examined Moscow court documents and found more than 140 “professional witnesses” — people who regularly testify in court cases related to drug charges. The practice is blatantly illegal, but judges send people to prison for years based on these witnesses’ testimonies. # ⚓ Harriet_Tubman,_Abolitionist⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_Poisonous_Legacy⠀⇛ In the middle of 1856, the soon-to-be-celebrated poet Walt Whitman visited an impounded slave ship in Brooklyn. The taking of the ship was an unusual occurrence, as it was one of the few illegal slavers seized by an otherwise lethargic Washington, D.C., and Whitman wanted to give his readers a tour of the vessel, which had been designed to add even more enslaved laborers to the millions already ensnared in this system of iniquity, including of its hold, where those victimized were to be “laid together spoon- fashion.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ The_DOJ/FCC_‘Fix’_For_The_T-Mobile_Merger_Is_Looking_More And_More_Like_Theater⠀⇛ Economists repeatedly warned that the biggest downside of the $26 billion Sprint T-Mobile merger was the fact that the deal would dramatically reduce overall competition in the U.S. wireless space by eliminating Sprint. Data from around the globe clearly shows that the elimination of one of just four major competitors sooner or later results in layoffs and higher prices due to less competition. It’s not debatable. Given U.S. consumers already pay some of the highest prices for mobile data in the developed world, most objective experts recommended that the deal be blocked. # ⚓ California_Poised_To_Defeat_Broadband_Industry_In_Scrum Over_Net_Neutrality⠀⇛ You’ll recall that after the Trump FCC effectively neutered itself at telecom lobbyist behest in 2017, numerous states jumped in to fill the consumer protection void. Most notable among them being California, which in 2018 passed some net neutrality rules that largely mirrored the FCC’s discarded consumer protections. Laughing at the concept of state rights, Bill Barr’s DOJ immediately got to work protecting U.S. telecom monopolies and filed suit in a bid to vacate the rules, claiming they were “radical” and “illegal” (they were neither). # ⚓ Confronting_the_Digital_Divide:_New_York_City_vs._Verizon⠀⇛ The digital divide has been compounded by the twin crises of the Covid-19 pandemic and the ongoing economic recession. Its effects are graphically evident in New York City along with other large urban centers. In April 2020, as the first wave of the pandemic spread through the country, the Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York (CCC) reported that an estimated 500,000 – of the 3.3 million – city households lacked internet access. It estimated that more than 800,000 New Yorkers lived in households without internet access, including over 150,000 school-age kids of the city 1.1 million students. Bronx County is a 42.4 square mile (110 sq km) area and home to 1.4 million people, many among the poorest of the city’s five boroughs. Over the last few years, it witnessed a 10 Mbps (i.e., megabits per second) drop in broadband speeds. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Webinar_Materials_–_5G_RAN_Economics_and_Licensing⠀⇛ During our webinar, we discussed 5G RAN characteristics and the market forces and economics of Open RAN. We highlighted several other areas like vRAN and C-RAN, and spoke on how each of the new technologies have changed the licensing landscape. Thank you to Craig and John for leading a great discussion! # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSS_Patents:_Automotive_industry_falls_into political_trap,_allows_patent_reform_opponents_to portray_concerns_over_injunctions_as_single-industry issue:_German_parliament_hearing⠀⇛ The short version of what happened at yesterday’s patent reform hearing in the German Bundestag (Federal Parliament) is that the positions taken by the seven panelists were materially consistent with how I had summed them up in advance, but the overall perception was even worse for the cause of patent injunction reform. The video recording of the two-hour meeting of the Legal Affairs Committee became available today. If those seeking to preserve the status quo had scripted the hearing, it wouldn’t have been less balanced. The lone voice–among seven “experts” (which in a U.S. Congressional hearing would be sworn in and called “witnesses”)–in favor of a proportionality defense to injunction claims was, as expected, the VDA (German automotive industry association). That fact alone supported the anti-reform camp’s narrative, but politicians and co-panelists alike capitalized on the situation and reinforced their portrayal of proportionality as the cause of the German automotive industry plus a bunch of foreign infringers. [...] I’m already looking past that reform bill (while still keeping an eye on the process) and profoundly concerned that Nokia and Ericsson may win the pan-European lobbying battle over component-level SEP licensing. In the worst case, the CJEU will even lower the bar for preliminary injunctions (over any category of patents, ultimately also SEPs). But for now I still hope that those who botched the patent reform effort will learn from their mistakes and do better next time. “Next time” is now. # ⚓ US_Infringement_for_Failure_to_Monitor_Seat_License Fees⠀⇛ Bitmanagement distributes graphics-rendering software that the US Navy makes available to computers connected to the Navy Marine Corps Intranet. The Navy purchased these copies, but did not pay the full seat license fees for system-wide use. As part of the discussion between the parties, the Navy was supposed to (but did not) use licensing- tracking software (“Flexera”) to monitor and limit the number of simultaneous users of its system. After learning of that failure, Bitmanagement registered its copyright and then sued for copyright infringement. [...] Suing on Copyright vs. Contract: The Navy admitted that it did not fully live up to the implied agreement — it did not track/limit usage. On that point, the Navy suggested that potential breach should be pursued via a breach-of-contract claim, not a copyright claim. This is a convenient argument for the Navy because Bitmanagment did not allege breach of contract. On appeal, the Federal Circuit sided with the copyright holder and found that the Navy’s failure to track/limit usage created an infringement claim. The line on this is fairly thin — the Federal Circuit makes a distinction between breaches of (a) “a condition that limits the scope” or instead is (b) “merely a covenant.” Slip Op. There is no infringement claim if the licensee breaches a mere covenant, but there will be a copyright claim that arises from breach of a condition. The court went on to explain that terms of a license “are presumed to be covenants, rather than conditions, unless it is clear that a condition precedent was intended.” Thus, “[n]ormally, a copyright owner who grants a license to his copyrighted material has waived his right to sue the licensee for copyright infringement and must instead pursue a claim for breach of contract.” On appeal here, the court found that the use of Flexera to limit/monitor usage was a condition that induced Bitmanagment to enter the contract. The CFC did not reach the condition/covenant question, but did expressly conclude that Bitmanagment entered the contract “because Flexera would limit the number of simultaneous users … regardless of how many copies were installed on Navy computers.” On appeal, the Federal Circuit found this implied clause “critical to the basic functioning of the deal.” # ⚓ Paris_Court_of_Appeal_applies_CJEU_case_law_in_three SPC_judgments [Ed: Laws for and by large and monopolistic pharmaceutical companies that crush generics and access to medicine]⠀⇛ In France, the Court of Appeal has applied CJEU case law in three landmark rulings on Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs). At the centre of the disputes are patents for three monoclonal antibodies osimertinib, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Doctors use drugs with these antibodies in immunotherapy against different types of cancer. Two SPCs for one antibody Usually, for new therapies using monoclonal antibodies, parties file patent families that first protect a function. For example, this could be a function which changes the communication between tumour cells and T lymphocytes. Only after further research are specific monoclonal antibodies that fulfil desired functions determined. However, this can take several years, after which parties usually file patents for these isolated antibodies. In the current cases, all parties which hold the patents protecting the respective functions filed applications for an SPC at the French Trademark and Patent Office (INPI). In doing so, the parties referred to the already-granted patents for the specific monoclonal antibodies, as well as market approval for the corresponding drugs. [...] As such, in 2016, Wyeth and General Hospital Corporation applied to the INPI for an SPC for the French part of EP 1 848 414. The patent protects a method for treating gefitinib-resistant cancer. In applying for the SPC, the parties drew on the market approval of AstraZeneca’s drug Tagrisse. Its active ingredient is osimertinib, a monoclonal antibody, which in turn is protected by the patent EP 2 736 895. Ono Pharmaceuticals also applied for an SPC for the French part of EP 1 537 878. University of Kyoto professor and Nobel Prize for Medicine winner Tasuku Honjo co-owns the patent, which protects immunopotentiating compositions. Here, Ono referred to the market approval of Bristol Meyer Squibb’s drug Opdivo. The active ingredient in Opdivo is monoclonal antibody nivolumab, with a corresponding patent of EP 2 161 336. However, an SPC already exists for the drug in France. The patent for a third monoclonal antibody, pembrolizumab, has a similar story. Ono Pharmaceuticals and Tasuku Honjo also applied for an SPC for the antibody’s function patent. Their argument is based on MSD’s drug Keytruda and the existing patent for antibody pembrolizumab, which is Keytruda’s active ingredient. # ⚓ Lawyers:_Indian_tribunal_closure_hit-or-miss_for courts [Ed: How about asking ordinary people in India instead of parasites like lawyers (who sponsor this site for propaganda)?]⠀⇛ Plans to shut India’s IP Appellate Board could open speedier avenues for litigants, but courts could become overloaded and patent owners may suffer # ⚓ Opinion_|_By_Putting_Big_Pharma’s_Patents_Before Patients,_Doctors_Will_Further_Erode_Trust_in_Experts⠀⇛ Doctors have largely been trained into complicity with a medical money machine. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ KOL321_|_The_Pending_Patent_Problem_with_The Open_Crypto_Alliance_–_The_Tatiana_Show_Ep._296⠀⇛ This is my appearance The Tatiana Show, episode 296, with host Tatiana Moroz, in which Jed Grant and I discussed the looming patent threat to bitcoin. Jed is Founder of the Open Crypto Alliance, for which I serve on the Advisory Board. # ⚓ $5,000_for_WSOU_’715_prior_art⠀⇛ The ‘715 patent generally relates to an impersonation attack detection system for a wireless node of a wireless communication network. Specifically, Unified seeks art on the method that operatively connects the wireless node with an intrusion detection module, provides the intrusion detection module with a copy of the original data frames transmitted by the wireless node over a wireless interface, and then compares information in the copy with information in incoming data frames at the intrusion detection module. During prosecution, the patent examiner allowed the claims of the ’715 patent over U.S. Patent 6,745,333 based on these features. The ‘715 patent is currently being asserted against Arista Networks in the Western District of Texas. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2915 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_25/2/2021:_RHEL_for_Open-Source_Infrastructure,_GNOME_40_Beta,_LXPanel 0.10.1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:29 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ BSDNow_391:_i386_tear_shedding⠀⇛ Follow-up about FreeBSD jail advantages, Install Prometheus, Node Exporter and Grafana, Calibrate your touch-screen on OpenBSD, OPNsense 21.1 Marvelous Meerkat Released, NomadBSD 1.4-RC1, Lets all shed a Tear for 386, find mostly doesn’t need xargs today on modern Unixes, OpenBSD KDE Status Report, and more. # ⚓ Payment_Required_|_Coder_Radio_402⠀⇛ We open the robe and share some vintage career origin stories. And we save Mike’s soul by answering a few emails. # ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_895⠀⇛ monitor, odroid xu4, automation, docker, github actions, 3d printing o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ kcmp()_breaks_loose⠀⇛ Given the large set of system calls implemented by the Linux kernel, it would not be surprising for most people to be unfamiliar with a few of them. Not everybody needs to know the details of setresgid(), modify_ldt(), or lookup_dcookie(), after all. But even developers who have a wide understanding of the Linux system-call set may be surprised by kcmp(), which is not enabled by default in the kernel build. It would seem, though, that the word has gotten out, leading to an effort to make kcmp() more widely available. The kcmp() system call was added in 2012 to address a problem encountered by the checkpoint/restore in user space (CRIU) effort. The CRIU developers are working (with some success) toward the goal of being able to record the complete state of a set of processes to persistent storage, then restart those processes at some future time, possibly on a different machine. This would be challenging in the best of times, but the CRIU developers have taken on an additional handicap: doing the entire job from user space. Over the years attempts have been made to implement a kernel-based checkpoint mechanism, but none have even come close to being considered for merging. The user-space approach appears to be the only realistic way of solving the checkpoint/restore problem. CRIU may be banished to user space, but the kernel community has still allowed the addition of features where needed to get the job done. For example, userfaultfd() helps in the migration of process memory, and various features of the clone() system call help with recreating processes that look the same as they did at checkpoint time. These helpers have made the checkpoint/restore job doable while still keeping most of the work out of the kernel. # ⚓ Introducing_maple_trees⠀⇛ Seen from outside, the internals of the Linux kernel appear to be stable, especially in subsystems like the memory-management subsystem. However, from time to time, developers need to replace an internal interface to solve a longstanding problem. One such issue is contention on the lock used to protect essential memory- management structures, including the page tables and virtual memory areas (VMAs). Liam Howlett and Matthew Wilcox have been developing a new data structure, called a “maple tree”, to replace the data structures currently used for VMAs. This potentially big change in internal kernel structures has been recently posted for a review in a massive patch set. Linux is a virtual-memory system. The address space for each process contains multiple virtual memory areas represented by vm_area_struct structures. Each VMA represents a contiguous block of address space and represents a range of memory of the same type, which may be anonymous memory (not backed by a file), a memory-mapped file, or even device memory. A virtual memory area, as seen from the process, is contiguous, while the supporting physical memory may not be. In addition, the address space contains holes between the VMAs; the kernel fills those empty blocks (leaving space for unmapped “guard” pages to catch buffer overflows) when it needs to add a new mapped area, for example when loading a library or in a response to an mmap () call. Almost anything one can do in the system involves memory, so the operations on the structures representing the VMAs must be fast. These operations include lookups (finding out which VMA corresponds to a given virtual address, finding out if the memory is mapped, or locating an empty gap for a new memory area), and modifications (growing a stack, for example). VMAs are currently stored in a modified red-black tree (rbtree) with an additional, doubly-linked list that allows the kernel to traverse all of the VMAs in a process’s address space. Kernel developers have been unhappy with this data structure for some time, for a number of reasons: rbtrees do not support ranges well, they are difficult to handle in a lockless manner (the balancing operation of the rbtree affects multiple items at the same time), and rbtree traversal is inefficient, which is why the additional linked list exists. # ⚓ Development_statistics_for_the_5.11_kernel⠀⇛ The 5.11 kernel was released on February 14 — the most romantic sort of Valentine’s day gift one could hope for. This kernel saw the merging of 14,340 changesets from 1,912 developers; it is certainly not the busiest development cycle we have seen recently, but it still saw a lot of activity. Read on for our traditional look at where the code merged for 5.11 came from. [...] The 5.11 development cycle, thus, looks fairly average and unremarkable in general — a middle-of- the road 5.x kernel. That said, the number of developers involved remains over 1,900; 280 of those developers made their first kernel contribution during the 5.11 cycle. The 5.11 kernel contains 608,000 more lines of code than 5.10 did. # ⚓ Google:_We’re_funding_developers_to_work_full-time_on_Linux security⠀⇛ Silva will focus on “eliminating several classes of buffer overflows” as well as fixing bugs and developing defense mechanisms for the Linux kernel, The Linux Foundation said. Meanwhile, Chancellor’s work will focus on triaging and fixing all bugs found with Clang/LLVM compilers. “I hope that more and more people will start to use the LLVM compiler infrastructure project and contribute fixes to it and the kernel – it will go a long way towards improving Linux security for everyone,” said Chancellor. The move comes roughly six months after the formation of the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), a collective of big tech industry players working to improve the security of open- source software as it becomes pervasive in big industry applications, including data centers and critical infrastructure. # ⚓ Linux_Kernel_security_to_be_boosted_by_Google_funding developers_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Linux is pretty secure right? Well, like everything else, there are and have been problems. Google is aware of this and they use Linux for a lot and now they’re providing funding to help boost Linux security. Announced by the Linux Foundation funding has been provided to prioritize two full-time maintainers, Gustavo Silva and Nathan Chancellor, who will focus solely on Linux Kernel security development to ensure “the world’s most pervasive open source software project is sustainable for decades to come”. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_Radeon_“Aldebaran”_GPU_Support_Published_For Next-Gen_CDNA_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Last week I noted “GFX90A” appearing in the AMD LLVM back-end and now the AMDGPU Linux kernel driver patches have appeared for “Aldebaran” that appear to be the codename for the next-generation CDNA part making use of GFX90A. A set of 159 patches were just posted today for the Radeon Aldebaran enablement. The kernel patches indeed confirm this being GFX9 / GFX90A, putting it as CDNA rather than Navi/RDNA as is the case with GFX10. Aldebaran is likely the successor to the Radeon Instinct MI100. Other takeaways and signs of Aldebaran being the Arcturus (MI100) successor include XGMI support, among other features aligning it for HPC like RAS and watchdog support. Most exciting with GFX90A that we have seen is it will support full-rate FP64. Aldebaran has VCN 2.6 video encode capabilities. # ⚓ AMDVLK_2021.Q1.4_Brings_More_Performance_Tuning_– Phoronix⠀⇛ AMD has released AMDVLK 2021.Q1.4 as their newest snapshot of this open-source Radeon Vulkan driver for Linux systems. AMDVLK 2021.Q1.4 is quite a small release with updating against the Vulkan 1.2.169 header files and then more performance tuning for the game Mad Max. That’s it in terms of official changes. # ⚓ NVIDIA_Linux_Driver_460.56_Released_with_GeForce_RTX 3060_Support⠀⇛ NVIDIA announced a new release for the 460 Linux driver series today. The new NVIDIA 460.56 driver added GeForce RTX 3060 support. The RTX 3060 features 5,888 CUDA cores, 1,777MHz GPU boost clock, 12 GB of GDDR6 video memory, and 170W TGP. # ⚓ NVIDIA_460.56_Linux_Driver_Released_With_GeForce_RTX 3060_Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ NVIDIA has updated their 460 series Linux driver to provide launch-day support for the GeForce RTX 3060. The GeForce RTX 3060 is launching today — assuming you can find one in stock. The RTX 3060 features 3584 CUDA cores, 1.78GHz base clock, and 12GB of GDDR6 video memory. We have not been provided with any review sample and as such no Linux benchmarks today — at least there are the RTX 3060 Ti Linux benchmarks for those interested. # ⚓ Nvidia_GeForce_RTX_3060_goes_out_today,_new_Linux driver_released⠀⇛ For the release of the hardware, it’s probably going to be another “paper launch” as we fully expect stock of the GeForce RTX 3060 from NVIDIA to sell out pretty darn quickly just like all the other releases have done so. Thanks in part to high demand and scalpers continuing to buy up as much as they can to sell on for a profit – amongst other things. However, NVIDIA are trying to cut down on crypto miners using standard GPUs by limiting the hash rate of the cards through a mix of a “secure handshake between the driver, the RTX 3060 silicon, and the BIOS (firmware) that prevents removal of the hash rate limiter” (source) plus dedicated cards for miners. So hopefully in future we will see more cards available for standard consumers and gamers. # ⚓ Lavapipe_CPU-Based_Vulkan_Ported_To_Windows_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Getting this software-based Vulkan implementation working on Windows also included implementing the Windows Vulkan windowing subsystem integration (WSI) as the first Mesa Vulkan driver running on Windows (still out-of-tree is also the work getting RADV on Windows). o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Messaging_and_Communications_Apps_for_Ubuntu⠀⇛ The popularity of Linux has been able to replace Windows at many workplaces, and the same scenario was also reported for personal users. Hence many popular apps from various platforms such as Android and Windows are being integrated into Linux and its distros. Business emails/chats are also being replaced by instant messaging and communication apps as they provide more options to share files, photos, and videos, making the whole process easier. It would be great to use messaging apps on the Linux desktop that we use on our mobile devices. According to your mood, apps like these give you the flexibility to use the messaging app wherever you want. This pandemic also taught us the importance of messaging and communication apps because these apps made it possible for many businesses to run smoothly in the time of crisis. So, in this article, we’re going to have a look at the best messaging and communication apps for Ubuntu. # ⚓ Blender_2.92_Adds_a_Brand-New_Workflow_for_Editing_Meshes, New_Physics_Simulation_Methods⠀⇛ Blender 2.92 is here three months after Blender 2.91 as a major update that introduces a completely new workflow for editing meshes, the ability to create your own custom modifiers, a new option in the Grab tool to shape silhouettes, a new Elastic Snake mode that lets you deform a mesh using a kelvinlet, as well as Mesh Fairing to let you visually remove parts of your mesh. Also new in this release is the ability to allow inverting of the Erase Displacement mesh filter, a new Paint Studio Light preset, Sculpt session stats, Face Set Edit delete Geometry operation, Plane deformation fall-off for the Grab tool, the ability to edit Grease Pencil strokes as curves, support for image sequences in the Trace Image feature, and support for interactively creating primitives with just two clicks. # ⚓ Get_Notifications_On_Your_Desktop_Or_Phone_When_A_Long- Running_Command_Has_Finished_With_Noti⠀⇛ Ever wanted to get notified when a long-running process / command has finished, not only on your desktop but also on your phone? Noti can do that. Noti is a command line tool for macOS, Linux and Microsoft Windows that monitors a process / command, and triggers a notification on your desktop or phone when it has finished running. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Install_the_Latest_MySQL_8_in_Ubuntu⠀⇛ MySQL is a relational database system owned by Oracle Corporation and it has been a part of the Ubuntu repositories right from its earlier versions. The release cycles of Ubuntu and MySQL do not exactly match; hence in some older Ubuntu versions, the latest MySQL version will not be available in the repository. Today, we will see how to install and configure the latest MySQL 8 on Ubuntu. # ⚓ How_To_Install_VMware_Workstation_Player_on_Ubuntu_20.04 LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install VMware Workstation Player on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, VMware Workstation Player is a desktop virtualization program that allows you to run multiple, isolated working strategies on an unmarried machine. With VMware Player, you can create and run your personal virtual machines and evaluate software dispensed as a virtual appliance from many program vendors accessible from VMware’s Solution Exchange. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of VMware Player on an Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_use_the_Linux_anacron_command_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ In 2021, there are more reasons why people love Linux than ever before. In this series, I’ll share 21 different reasons to use Linux. Automation is one of the best reasons to use Linux. One of my favorite things about Linux is its willingness to do work for me. Instead of performing repetitive tasks that eat up my time, or are prone to error, or that I’m likely to forget, I schedule Linux to do them for me. # ⚓ 2_Ways_to_Upgrade_Nextcloud_[Command-Line_&_GUI]⠀⇛ It’s important to keep your Nextcloud server up to date with the latest security and bug fixes. This tutorial is going to show you how to upgrade NextCloud using the updater app, which automates many steps of a manual upgrade. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Signal_Desktop_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Signal is an popular messaging application as an alternative of WhatsApp. It is available as Desktop application for Windows, Linux and macOS systems. In order to your Signal desktop application, You must have signup for Signal application with your mobile number. To create new account, install Signal application on your Android or iOS device and create new account. This tutorial help you to how to install Signal desktop on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Linux system. # ⚓ Install_and_Use_Guacamole_Remote_Desktop_on_CentOS_8⠀⇛ Apache Guacamole is a free, open-source, web-based, and clientless remote desktop application that supports standard protocols like VNC, RDP, and SSH. It allows you to access Linux and Windows PC from a web browser via RDP, SSH, or VNC. It is clientless so you don’t need to install any plugins or client software. It is made from two components Guacamole Server and Guacamole Client. Guacamole server provides server-side and native components required to connect to remote PC while Guacamole client is an HTML 5 web application used to connect to the remote PC. # ⚓ How_to_use_Virt-Manager_GUI_to_manage_Multipass_Ubuntu VMs⠀⇛ Virt Manager by RedHat is a popular graphical application developed to manage Virtual Machines running on the KVM hypervisor. Here we will learn the process to install it on Ubuntu 20.04 TLS Linux for managing Multipass VMs. The Virtual Machine Manager also called virt- manager or VMM for short offers a uniform user interface for creating and managing virtual machines. VMM is based on libvirt, i.e the virtualization solutions that libvirt also supports are supported. These include QEMU, KVM, and Xen, but not VirtualBox or VMware Player. VMM offers both a graphical user interface and several command-line programs. VMM is written entirely in Python. # ⚓ How_to_install_Qemu/KVM_and_Virt-Manager_GUI_on_Ubuntu 20.04_LTS⠀⇛ When it comes to running virtual machines on home Linux systems or for personal use most of us either go for VirtualBox or Vmware workstation player, however, there is more best option i.e KVM/Qemu. Qemu and KVM both are open source platforms for performing virtualization on Linux platforms. KVM stands for Kernel Virtual Machine, where QEMU is an emulator that can also be used as a virtualizer with the help of KVM to provide a native speed by accessing Intel VT-x or AMD V technology of modern processors. KVM is a virtualization module that can easily be installed in any Linux kernel to allow it to function as a type 2 hypervisor. Thus, the installation of KVM becomes a lot easier, we only need a Linux-based system such as Ubuntu and a processor with intel-v / VT-x or AMD- v support. All new processors have this instruction set extension. Only the small processors, such as the Atom from Intel, or very old processors may lack this feature. # ⚓ How_the_oc_debug_command_works_in_OpenShift_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ Try a new way to connect to and debug your Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform cluster nodes. # ⚓ Adding_a_New_Disk_Device_to_Fedora_Linux⠀⇛ Storage is one of the cheapest IT commodities in today’s market. Running low on disk space? Just grab a brand new high-capacity storage device from the market. Need high-performance storage? Then grab a high-performance SSD. After the device is connected, it should be recognized in the system. However, at the software level, it still requires some configuration to use it properly. In this guide, check out how to add a new disk device to Fedora Linux. # ⚓ How_to_extract_Tar_GZ_archives_in_Ubuntu_[Guide]⠀⇛ Not all Linux programs come in DEB or RPM packages. Some programs are distributed to Linux users inside of Tar GZ archive files. These files are compressed and the user must manually extract the contents. A whole lot of new Ubuntu users do not understand how to extract Tar GZ archives. As a result, many users give up on Tar GZ archives. This guide will show you various ways you can extract Tar GZ archive files on Ubuntu. # ⚓ How_to_install_Gimp_in_Ubuntu_[Guide]⠀⇛ Are you using Ubuntu Linux and need to install the latest Gimp for photo editing or graphic work? Can’t figure out how to get the app working on your system? We can help! Follow along as we go over how to get Gimp working on Ubuntu! # ⚓ Useful_Tips_&_Tricks_of_Kubuntu_KNotes⠀⇛ Kubuntu computer users benefit from its useful tool KNotes that is helpful to use everyday. For example, you can keep frequently used text in it and copy paste them quickly at any time you wish, such as chat group rules (including classrooms) and your online payment information. This is a list of tips and tricks using the sticky notes. Hope you will like it! # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_PulseAudio-Equalizer_on_Linux_Mint 20_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ The PulseAudio is an open-source volume control and audio effects tool. It allows us to control and tune the audio settings. The PulseAudio Equalizer has a multi-band interface. Therefore, you can easily adjust the slider when the audio is playing. As PulseAudio is a popular open-source tool, it is included in Linux Mint 20 standard repositories installed from there. Moreover, it can also be installed on Linux Mint 20 from the external PPA repository. This post explains the installation of PulseAudio- Equalizer on Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_use_arithmetic_operations_in_bash⠀⇛ When you are writing a bash script, sometimes you may want to crunch numbers quickly inside the script. For example, you want to convert a unit of data you are working with, round a divided value to the nearest integer, increment a counter in simple loops, etc. Every programming language has built-in support for basic arithmetic operations against common data types. However, since bash is not a general-purpose programming language, but rather a command-line interpreter, it comes with limited support for arithmetic operations. In this tutorial, I present tips on how to perform integer or floating point arithmetic operations in a bash shell script. # ⚓ How_to_fix_“bash:_/usr/sbin/ifconfig:_No_such_file_or directory”_on_Linux_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ You were trying to know the IP address of your Linux Operating System, and an error occurred with the message “bash: /usr/sbin/ifconfig: No such file or directory,” and that error has brought you here. Don’t worry; you are reading exactly the right post. But, the question arises that it was working before; what happened? # ⚓ How_to_Install_Git_on_Linux_Mint_20_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ Git, developed by Linus Torvalds, is the most popular distributed system for version control. Git is a very efficient platform for open-source projects. Using Git, you can collaborate with the other developers, upload the new changes, keep track of the changes, and many more. # ⚓ How_To_Install_And_Setup_TinyProxy_On_Your_Linux_Server_– Linux_Hint⠀⇛ Tinyproxy is an HTTP/HTTPS Proxy. It is lightweight, fast, very easy to configure, and an open-source proxy service. Tinyproxy is configurable as a reverse proxy as well. It is good to be used as a small proxy with fewer system resources because it is very lightweight. # ⚓ How_to_Enable_Snap_Applications_Support_in_Linux_Mint_20_ (Recommended_Method)_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ Snap is a package manager for Linux-based distributions, and snaps refer to the application packages that are available for IoT, cloud, and desktop. Snaps are multi-platform, easy to install, secure, and dependency-free applications. One of the biggest advantages of snap applications is that they update automatically. On Linux Mint 20, the snap support is disabled by default. There could be a situation that you are interested in installing any particular application, and the application version is only available from the snap application manager. In this situation, you will require to enable and install the snap-on Linux Mint 20. # ⚓ How_to_Undelete_Files_in_Ubuntu:_3_Tools_for_Linux_Data Recovery_|_IT_Pro⠀⇛ Here’s how to undelete files in Ubuntu, although the tools and methods should work on any mainstream Linux distribution. # ⚓ How_to_Use_Two-Factor_Authentication_with_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Over time, the traditional username and password authentication has proven inadequate in providing robust security to applications and systems. Usernames and passwords can easily be cracked using a plethora of hacking tools, leaving your system vulnerable to breaches. For this reason, any company or entity that takes security seriously needs to implement 2-Factor authentication. Colloquially known as MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication), 2-Factor authentication provides an extra layer of security that requires users to provides certain details such as codes, or OTP (One Time Password) before or after authenticating with the usual username and password. Nowadays multiple companies such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, and AWS, to mention a few provide users the choice of setting up MFA to further protect their accounts. # ⚓ How_to_Run_the_Same_Command_Multiple_Times_in_Linux_–_Linux Hint⠀⇛ When programming, you may encounter a situation in which you need to perform the same task multiple times. A simple solution is to manually repeat the process as many times as it is needed; however, it is not productive to do so. That is why the concept of loops was introduced to programming. The basic goal of a loop is to repeat a task several times, depending upon the value provided for the iterator and the termination condition of the loop. Loops allow programmers to avoid the hassle of repeating processes manually. Suppose that there is a command that you wish to run multiple times. There are several important reasons that you might need to run a command repeatedly, so you want to be sure that a certain command produces the correct output every time it is executed. The more you run a command manually, the more certainty you will gain each time you run the command. But how do you do this programmatically? Well, there are several methods that can be used to run the same command multiple times, as well as for verifying the output of the repeated command. This article shows you how to create a repeatable command using Linux Mint 20 as the host operating system. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Valve_launch_a_Beta_for_Remote_Play_Together_–_Invite Anyone,_no_Steam_account_needed⠀⇛ The invites work through the Steam Link app, which has one big caveat at the moment: Valve doesn’t currently support a normal Linux desktop with it. # ⚓ Hadean_Tactics,_a_realtime_auto-battler_with_deck_building, launches_today_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ What happens when Slay the Spire has a baby with DOTA Underlords? We’re about to find out in Hadean Tactics. Ready to launch later today into Early Access, Hadean Tactics is a fascinating mash up of roguelite auto-battler, and deck builder. You take on the role of the Inquisitor, aiming to vanquish the six wings of Hell. Core gameplay follows the DOTA Underlords mechanic of placing your units on a grid-based battlefield, then watching them choose their targets and pound away, dealing damage according to their DPS (damage per second) stat, and special abilities which are powered by mana. All very familiar so far. What sets Hadean Tactics out from that setting is that the frenetic action is paused every 7 seconds and you’re dropped into a Slay the Spire mechanic. You’re issued with 3 energy and five cards are drawn from your deck. Most cards cost at least one energy to use, and how you play them will affect the ongoing battle when you “end turn”, having played your cards. # ⚓ Gloomy_and_tough_arena_shooter_Devil_Daggers_gets_a_5_year anniversary_update_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Devil Daggers is really something else and I fear for my free time again, as the recent 5 year anniversary update is a great reminder that it begs to be played. It’s a high-score chasing arena shooter, inspired by 1990s FPS and arcade games. You get dumped into a small and dark arena to face off against never- ending waves of demons armed with only your magic dagger and quick movement. You just fight to survive as long as you can and see if you can beat your friends and the world on the leaderboards. # ⚓ Linux_support_for_Skullgirls_to_continue,_everyone_upgraded to_Skullgirls_2nd_Encore_free_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Quite a bit of ground to cover on the popular fighting game Skullgirls, now that the dust has settled with Lab Zero Games imploding and Hidden Variable Studios / Autumn Games taking back control. Firstly, there’s no longer a 2nd Encore Upgrade. Instead, everyone has been upgraded to that edition with all previous DLC being bundled into the main game as a free upgrade. Why? # ⚓ Top_7_Predictions_for_Linux_Gaming_in_2021_–_Boiling Steam⠀⇛ Following yesterday’s piece about predictions for 2021 for the world of Linux Gaming, let’s have a second look by combining the predictions of all people involved in order to get a better picture. After all, if the wisdom of crowds holds true, the more often a prediction is made, the more likely it is to be correct (as long as the predictions are made independently). # ⚓ Valheim_still_growing_with_4_million_sales,_hits_top_5_of most_played_games_on_Steam_ever_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Valheim Valheim Valheim, it’s all we’ve been hearing lately. We’re guilty of it, other websites and content creators have covered it a lot and so expectedly it’s hit new highs again. Less than one month since entering Early Access, Iron Gate AB and Coffee Stain Publishing have announced they’ve managed to sell 4 million copies. Not only that, Valheim managed to hit over 500,000 players online at the same time on February 21, which means more people were in game than there were actual Vikings in human history. A more modern detail is that it makes Valheim now on the top 5 of most played games on Steam — ever. Other fun details include the game being played for “a combined total of 10,000 years” and it continues to climb the Steam Top 250 leaderboard for the best reviewed games of all time and they’ve hit over 92,000 reviews on Steam. # ⚓ Can_Linux_Run_Video_Games?⠀⇛ Linux is a widely used and popular open source operating system that was first released back in 1991. It differs from operating systems like Windows and macOS in that it is open source and it is highly customizable through its use of “distributions”. Distributions or “distros” are basically different versions of Linux that can be installed along with the Linux core software so that users can customize their system to fit their specific need. Some of the more popular Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora. For many years Linux had the reputation of being a terrible gaming platform and it was believed that users wouldn’t be able to engage in this popular form of entertainment. The main reason for this is that commercially successful games just weren’t being developed for Linux. A few well known video game titles like Doom, Quake and SimCity made it to Linux but for the most part they were overlooked through the 1990’s. However, things have changed a lot since then and there is an every expanding library of popular video games you can play on Linux. [...] There are plenty of Windows games you can run on Linux and no reason why you can’t play as well as you do when using Windows. If you are having trouble leveling up or winning the best loot, consider trying AskBoosters for help with your game. Aside from native Linux games and Windows games there are a huge amount of browser based games that work on any system including Linux. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ LXPanel_0.10.1_released.⠀⇛ After long period of time without releases, another core LXDE component which is the panel, got a long waited release with few fixes. No new features yet but fixes are also good ones. Features will be later, that is certain. Anyone are welcome to contribute, as always. # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_vs._GNOME_–_everything_you_need_to_know⠀⇛ The fight for dominance in the Linux desktop environments has mostly been a tug of war between GNOME and KDE. It is difficult to portray a winner in this tug of war. The user community influence and its user preference determine which Linux desktop environment to choose as an adaptive platform. This presumed stalemate in the Linux desktop arena portrays KDE and GNOME as the main major players. It is common for a Linux user to side with either GNOME or KDE desktop environment based on the Linux community influence, other users’ influence, or usage popularity. This article is here to make an analytical comparison between these two Linux desktop environments. We will explore both the strengths and weaknesses of these two Linux desktop environments. At the end of the article, your decision to go with or remain with either of these two Linux desktop environments will be based on their marketable feature strengths and their evident weaknesses that your Linux lifestyle can accommodate. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Christian_Hergert:_GTK_4_NGL_Renderer⠀⇛ I spent a lot of time in 2020 working on projects tangential to what I’d consider my “main” projects. GtkSourceView got a port to GTK 4 and a load of new features, GTK 4 got a new macOS backend, and in December I started putting together a revamp of GTK 4’s GL renderer. The nice thing about having multiple renderer backends in GTK 4 is that we still have Cairo rendering as an option. So while doing bring- up of the new GTK macOS backend I could just use that. Making software rendering fast enough to not be annoying is a good first step because it forces you to shake out performance issues pretty early. But once that is working, the next step is to address how well the other backends can work there. We had two other backends. OpenGL (requiring 3.2 Core and up) and Vulkan. Right now, the OpenGL renderer is the best supported renderer for acceleration in terms of low bug count, so that seemed like the right way to go if you want to stay inline with Linux and Windows backends. Especially after you actually try to use MoltenVK on macOS and realize it’s a giant maze. The more work we can share across platforms (even if temporarily) the better we can make our Linux experience. Personally, that is something I care about. # ⚓ Federico_Mena-Quintero:_Librsvg,_Rust,_and_non- mainstream_architectures⠀⇛ Almost five years ago librsvg introduced Rust into its source code. Around the same time, Linux distributions started shipping the first versions of Firefox that also required Rust. I unashamedly wanted to ride that wave: distros would have to integrate a new language in their build infrastructure, or they would be left without Firefox. I was hoping that having a working Rust toolchain would make it easier for the rustified librsvg to get into distros. Two years after that, someone from Debian complained that this made it hard or impossible to build librsvg (and all the software that depends on it, which is A Lot) on all the architectures that Debian builds on — specifically, on things like HP PA-RISC or Alpha, which even Debian marks as “discontinued” now. Recently there was a similar kerfuffle, this time from someone from Gentoo, specifically about how Python’s cryptography package now requires Rust. So, it doesn’t build for platforms that Rust/LLVM don’t support, like hppa, alpha, and Itanium. It also doesn’t build for platforms for which there are no Rust packages from Gentoo yet (mips, s390x, riscv among them). # ⚓ GNOME_40_Beta_Released_With_Many_Improvements⠀⇛ The beta of GNOME 40 is out today, one month ahead of the stable release of this big open- source desktop environment update. GNOME 40 beta brings many changes including: - GNOME Shell has landed the redesign of the overview area, out-of-date extensions are now disabled by default, and other improvements. # ⚓ Stunning_GNOME_40_Beta_is_Ready._Download_and_Test Now!⠀⇛ The GNOME team announced the availability of the official GNOME 40 Beta images in an email announcement. You can download and try the images now to experience the design overhaul. # ⚓ GNOME_40.beta_released!⠀⇛ GNOME 40.beta is now available. It also marks the start of the UI, feature and API freezes (collectively known as The Freeze). Any string changes need to be announced to the i18n mailing list in advance of the string freeze which should start next weekend. If you’d like to target the GNOME 40 platform, this is the best time to start testing your apps or extensions. You can use the 40beta branch of the flatpak runtimes, which is now available on Flathub beta. The highlights of this branch is the addition of GTK 4 (although other libraries such as WebKitGTK and VTE are still using GTK 3, and GTK 3 will be kept in the runtimes for some time), as well as libhandy and librest. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Building_Programs_from_Source_on_any_Linux_Distribution_in a_simple_way⠀⇛ For new Linux users, compiling and installing programs from source code for the first time might be a nightmare. But it’s not; compiling from source code opens possibilities to use your favorite packages for any distribution. Today we will guide you on building and compiling your first program in Linux, and trust me, it will be a good adventure. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Kali_Linux’s_First_Release_Of_2021_Brings_in_New Hacking_Tools,_Linux_Kernel_5.10_and_Xfce_4.16⠀⇛ Kali Linux 2021.1 is the first release of this year. This release brings in Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS and comes packed with a lot of new tools for penetration testing. It also includes an updated Xfce 4.16 desktop environment and some terminal tweaks. [...] As the first major release of Kali Linux this year, the latest version is powered by the Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS. That was a much-needed update. But that is not the only big change that comes baked in it. Since Xfce is the default desktop environment of the distribution, Kali Linux offers the latest Xfce 4.16 in this version. Not just limited to that, for those who prefer KDE, the plasma environment also got a version bump to KDE 5.20. # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ From_Clean_&_Green_Mockup_to_OpenBSD_cwm(1)_desktop⠀⇛ If the words CGA or Hercules raise sweet memories from your far away youth, the Mockup Clean & Green from u/awareofdistractions may hit you right in the heart. And if you like it so much, it may be used for real-life desktop environment using OpenBSD stock and ports material. # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_updated_86.0_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. # ⚓ Thunderbird_updated_78.8.0_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Mozilla Thunderbird is a standalone email and newsgroup client from Mozilla. # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_desktop_updated_to_5.21.1_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ KDE Plasma desktop packages have been updated to 5.21.1 which is a minor bug fix update to the Plasma 5.21 series. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Christian_Hergert:_Sysprof_and_Podman⠀⇛ With the advent of immutable/re-provisional/ read-only operating systems like Fedora’s Silverblue, people will be doing a lot more computing inside of containers on their desktops (as if they’re not already). When you want to profile an entire system with tools like perf this can be problematic because the files that are mapped into memory could be coming from strange places like FUSE. In particular, fuse-overlayfs. There doesn’t seem to be a good way to decode all this indirection which means in Sysprof, we’ve had broken ELF symbol decoding for your things running inside of podman containers (such as Fedora’s toolbox). For those of us who have to develop inside those containers, that can really be a drag. The problem at the core is that Sysprof (and presumably other perf-based tooling) would think a file was mapped from somewhere like / usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so according to the / proc/$pid/maps. Usually we translate that using /proc/$pid/mountinfo to the real mount or subvolume. But if fuse-overlayfs is in the picture, you don’t get any insight into that. When symbols are decoded, it looks at the host’s /usr/lib/libglib-2.0.so and finds an inode mismatch at which point it will stop trying to decode the instruction address. # ⚓ Extending_no-cost_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_to_open source_organizations⠀⇛ Today, we’re announcing a new, no-cost program tailored for the needs and requirements of projects, foundations and more: Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) for Open Source Infrastructure. Joining a growing set of no-cost and low-cost programs, RHEL for Open Source Infrastructure provides a simpler, clearer and documented process for projects, communities, standards bodies and other not-for-profit software groups engaged with open source to gain access to RHEL subscriptions. While we plan to continue to refine this latest program, we wanted to outline what is available now for interested parties. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Announces_Free_“RHEL_For_Open-Source Infrastructure”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Closes_StackRox_Acquisition⠀⇛ By bringing StackRox’s Kubernetes-native security capabilities to Red Hat OpenShift, Red Hat aims to deliver a single, holistic platform that enables users to build, deploy and securely run nearly any application across the entirety of the hybrid cloud. # ⚓ 3_solid_self-review_tips_for_sysadmins_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ At every job I’ve held, the general opinion about self-reviews tends to fall into one of two categories. Either employees view them as arduous and frustrating or they simply don’t care about them. However, I believe that a well-written self-review can help you accelerate your career, whether your goal is a raise, a promotion, or merely some well- deserved recognition for your efforts. In this article, I’ll discuss my approach to performance reviews. While there is no one- size-fits-all strategy, this approach has served me well through several organizations and positions. # ⚓ Red_Hat_OpenShift_drives_a_strong_5G_open_RAN ecosystem⠀⇛ As the telecommunications industry ramps up its evolution towards cloud-native architectures and containers, communications service providers (CSPs) are working to scale their networks to support increased demand. In this effort, open radio access network (RAN) solutions offer standardized disaggregation of the RAN, decoupling hardware and software, to give CSPs more freedom of choice. Many organizations are looking to implement a container platform like Red Hat OpenShift that is ready to take on the intensive demands of this evolution for their RAN and for new 5G use cases, such as network slicing, IoT and industrial IoT. Moving to a cloud-native platform creates the opportunity for many of them to work with new suppliers, boost innovation and better differentiate using new operating models. Red Hat is excited to play a key role in this transformation. Last year, we shared the news of our expanded collaboration with Altiostar to develop an infrastructure and workload automation framework for a container-based RAN reference architecture that allows a consistent approach to a disaggregated RAN for both our customer and partner ecosystem. We’re now excited to build on this momentum by extending our architecture in collaboration with Mavenir, to transform mobile network infrastructures. # ⚓ AIOps_vs._MLOps:_What’s_the_difference?⠀⇛ In late 2019, O’Reilly hosted a survey on artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in the enterprise. The survey broke respondents into two stages of adoption: Mature and Evaluation. When asked what’s holding back their AI adoption, those in the latter category most often cited company culture. Trouble identifying good use cases for AI wasn’t far behind. # ⚓ Debuginfod_project_update:_New_clients_and_metrics_– Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ It’s been about a year since our last update about debuginfod, an HTTP file server that serves debugging resources to debugger-like tools. Since then, we’ve been busy integrating clients across a range of developer tools and improving the server’s available metrics. This article covers the features and improvements we’ve added to debuginfod since our last update. [...] Debuginfod is a part of the elfutils project. Tools that already use elfutils to find or analyze debugging resources automatically inherit debuginfod support. Tools like Systemtap, Libabigail, and dwgrep all inherit debuginfod this way. In Systemtap, for example, debuginfod offers new ways to specify which processes to probe. Previously, if you wanted to explore a running user process, you would have to provide either a process identifier (PID) or the executable path. With debuginfod, Systemtap can probe processes according to build-id, as well. So, it is possible to investigate specific versions of a binary independently from the location of the corresponding executable file. Debuginfod includes a client library (libdebuginfod) that lets other tools easily query debuginfod servers for source files, executables, and of course, debuginfo—generally, DWARF (debugging with attributed record format) debuginfo. Since last year, a variety of developer tools have integrated debuginfod clients. As of version 2.34, Binutils includes debuginfod support for its components that use separate debuginfo (readelf and objdump). Starting in version 9.03, the Annobin project contains debuginfod support for fetching separate debuginfo files, and support for Dyninst is planned in version 10.3. # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_A_sneak_peek_at_Fedora_Zine⠀⇛ So my Outreachy internship is winding to a close, as is the creation of the first-ever edition of our very own Fedora Zine! It has been a crazy journey so far and I have thoroughly enjoyed working on this awesome project, especially getting to see and work with all of these great submissions from the community. I have learned so much; from how to balance my design visually, how to pair fonts and use other typographic effects, how to use guides for a perfectly aligned design and also that you should read your printing specs very, very carefully before getting to work on a project. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ What_goes_into_default_Debian?⠀⇛ The venerable locate file-finding utility has long been available for Linux systems, though its origins are in the BSD world. It is a generally useful tool, but does have a cost beyond just the disk space it occupies in the filesystem; there is a periodic daemon program (updatedb) that runs to keep the file-name database up to date. As a recent debian-devel discussion shows, though, people have differing ideas of just how important the tool is—and whether it should be part of the default installation of Debian. There are several variants of locate floating around at this point. The original is described in a ;login: article from 1983; a descendant of that code lives on in the GNU Find Utilities alongside find and xargs. After that came Secure Locate (slocate), which checks permissions to only show file names that users have access to, and its functional successor, mlocate, which does the same check but also merges new changes into the existing database, rather than recreating it, for efficiency and filesystem-cache preservation. On many Linux distributions these days, mlocate is the locate of choice. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubuntu_vs._Ubuntu⠀⇛ There is a massive list of Linux distributions available for the users, and these distros are not limited due to their features and compatibilities for different systems. Linux distros like Ubuntu, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Arch Linux, Debian, Fedora offer unique options and features to the users. Many people are turning their way towards Kubuntu because of its compatibility. Still, there is always an argument that Kubuntu is based on Ubuntu, and it is less capable than Ubuntu. We shall overview Ubuntu and Kubuntu’s side by side in this article to provide complete details and a brief comparison between them. # ⚓ Canonical_Released_New_Ubuntu_Kernel_Security_Update to_Fix_over_20_Vulnerabilities⠀⇛ The most important vulnerabilities patched in this new major Linux kernel update for Ubuntu are a flaw (CVE-2020-25704) discovered in the perf subsystem that could allow a privileged attacker to cause a denial of service (kernel memory exhaustion), and a security issue (CVE-2020-27777) in the PowerPC RTAS implementation, which could allow a privileged local attacker to arbitrarily modify kernel memory and bypass kernel lockdown restrictions. Also patched in this new Ubuntu kernel security update is a race condition (CVE- 2020-25656) in the console keyboard driver, race conditions (CVE-2020-25668) and a read- after-free vulnerability (CVE-2020-29660) in the TTY driver/subsystem, an information leak (CVE-2020-28588) found in the syscall implementation on 32-bit systems, and a flaw (CVE-2020-28974) in the framebuffer console driver. All these flaws could allow a local attacker to expose sensitive information (kernel memory). # ⚓ Xubuntu_21.04_Progress_Update⠀⇛ Today, February 25, 2021 marks Feature Freeze for the Ubuntu 21.04 release schedule. At this point, we stop introducing new features and packages and start to focus on testing and bug fixes. Feature Freeze also marks Debian Import Freeze, which means that packages we have in common with Debian will no longer automatically sync to Xubuntu for the rest of the cycle. This makes it a great time to update you on the goings-on in Xubuntu 21.04. So far, we have a pretty impressive list of changes, both technical and user-facing. # ⚓ Xubuntu_21.04_to_Ship_with_Xfce_4.16,_Ayatana Indicators,_and_New_Apps⠀⇛ Xubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo) promises the be an awesome release, shipping with the latest and greatest Xfce 4.16 desktop environment by default, which is already a huge change in the upcoming release since it adds numerous new features and enhancements, including a new look and feel. Moreover, Xubuntu 21.04 will feature many internal and visual changes to enable mouse cursor support for Snap apps, support for smaller screens like those of mobile phones, window focus support for the PulseAudio plugin, a new “Sound” entry in the Settings Manager, and Xfce Terminal featured in the menu. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Aims_For_Higher_Quality_LTS_Point_Releases_– Phoronix⠀⇛ New restrictions will be in place beginning with Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS this summer to try to enforce better quality releases with less regressions by enforcing better quality control. The change beginning with Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS will require that stable release update (SRU) procedures are followed even for release blockers. This will require that every fix follows the same verification, regression analysis, and aging period process. The tighter quality controls will likely lead to slips in release targets if bugs are found in the release candidates for new point releases, as it will first need to go through the verification and aging process. # ⚓ DFI_and_Canonical_offer_risk-free_system_updates_and reduced_software_lead_times_for_the_IoT_ecosystem⠀⇛ DFI and Canonical signed the Ubuntu IoT Hardware Certification Partner Program. DFI is the world’s first industrial computer manufacturer to join the program aimed at offering Ubuntu-certified IoT hardware ready for the over-the-air software update. The online update mechanism of and the authorized DFI online application store combines with DFI’s products’ application flexibility, to reduce software and hardware development time to deploy new services. DFI’s RemoGuard IoT solution will provide real-time monitoring and partition-level system recovery through out-of-band management technology. In addition to the Ubuntu online software update, RemoGuard avoids service interruption, reduces maintenance personnel costs, and response time to establish a seamless IoT ecosystem. From the booming 5G mobile network to industrial robot applications, a large number of small base stations, edge computing servers, and robots will be deployed in outdoor or harsh industrial environments. Ubuntu Core on DFI certified hardware and Remoguard brings the reassurance that no software update will bring risks and challenges of on-site repair. # ⚓ DFI_Partners_With_Ubuntu_For_IoT_Hardware,_OTA Updates_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Most of you probably haven’t heard of DFI much in nearly two decades since the days of their colorful “LanParty” motherboards that were well known at the time, but these days they are focused on the industrial computer industry and have now teamed up with Canonical to partake in the Ubuntu IoT Hardware Certification Partner Program. DFI is the first industrial computer vendor joining the Ubuntu IoT Hardware Certification Partner Program for Ubuntu-certified hardware focused on the Internet of Things and embracing over-the-air software updates. # ⚓ What_is_MEC_?_The_telco_edge.⠀⇛ MEC, as ETSI defines it, stands for Multi- access Edge Computing and is sometimes referred to as Mobile edge computing. MEC is a solution that gives content providers and software developers cloud-computing capabilities which are close to the end users. This micro cloud deployed in the edge of mobile operators’ networks has ultra low latency and high bandwidth which enables new types of applications and business use cases. On top of that an application running on MEC can have real-time access to a subset of radio network information that can improve the overall experience. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Universal_design_for_learning_in_computing_|_Hello World_#15⠀⇛ # ⚓ StereoPi_v2_stereoscopic_camera_is_powered_by Raspberry_Pi_CM4_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ StereoPi stereoscopic camera based on Raspberry Pi Compute Module 3 was introduced in late 2019 on Crowd Supply. The camera can record 3D video, create 3D depth maps with OpenCV, and benefits from the Raspberry Pi software ecosystem. # ⚓ What_is_the_Difference_Between_Raspberry_Pi_3_and 4?⠀⇛ Raspberry Pi may sound like an appetizing raspberry-flavored dessert, but it’s far from being edible. It’s a credit card-sized, Broadcom-based, single-board computer, that’s easy on the pocket. Hailing from the United Kingdom, the first generation of Raspberry Pi was released in 2012 with the intention of teaching students about computers. Due to its size, cost, and modularity, it has been utilized for other purposes, such as in IoT (Internet of Things), robotics, electronics projects, and is now being promoted for industrial use as well. The unbelievably tiny computer has spanned four generations so far. There are normally two versions for each generation, models A and B, but revisions and enhancements come along the way, upgrading the models to A+ or B+. Although inedible, these Raspberries have delightful features. Two of the most in- demand models are from the third and fourth generations of the Raspberry Pi. Expectedly, Raspberry 4 is a better model, but it costs more than its predecessors. Is it a worthy upgrade from Raspberry Pi 3? Read on as we dig deeper into the gratifying features of its two recent versions. # ⚓ What_is_the_Raspberry_Pi_Zero_used_for?⠀⇛ Raspberry Pi was built to educate students about computers and teach them about programming. The Linux-based kit is complete with all the basic components of a desktop computer board despite its credit card size. Just put the tiny board in a case, load the OS in a microSD card, and connect all the necessary peripherals, and you can already boot up a computer! Surprisingly, it became popular among DIY enthusiasts and project builders too. Raspberry Pi boards are already small, but would you believe that the Raspberry Pi Foundation managed to make an even smaller board? # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Delete_An_Instagram_Account_On_iPhone_Or Android_Phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Uninstall_Android_Apps_From_Your_Smartphone_or Tablet⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Enable_Chrome_OS’_Android_Phone_Hub_Right Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ REGO_Payment_Architectures,_Inc._Announces_Mazoola Available_for_Android_in_Google_Play_Store_Other_OTC: RPMT⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_sets_webOS_free_to_tackle_Android_TV_where_it hurts_–_Rethink⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_and_the_big_deal_with_little_touches_| Computerworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12′s_audio-coupled_haptic_effect_is_even cooler_than_it_sounds⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Developer_Preview_1:_Hands-on_w/_more features_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_developer_preview_bolsters_privacy,_user experience_|_InfoWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_has_the_ultimate_feature_for_mobile_gaming |_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_may_add_custom_lock_screen_clocks_on Google_Pixel_phones⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_announces_a_bunch_of_new_features_coming_to Android_before_version_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_is_making_a_few_Android_experiments_official today⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Announces_New_Features_For_Older_Android Phones⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_just_announced_exciting_new_features_coming_to older_Android_versions_–_BGR⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_dark_theme_for_Android_officially announced_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_finally_rolls_out_dark_mode_on_Android_– The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_Dark_Mode_for_Android_Users_Starts Rolling_Out_Globally_|_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_now_has_a_dark_mode_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_rolls_out_dark_mode_on_Android_| Technology⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_for_Android_officially_gets_dark_mode support_|_Ars_Technica⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_on_Android_finally_gets_new_look_but iPhone_users_miss_out_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_adds_Password_Checkup_to_Android_|_PCWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google’s_latest_Android_update_will_alert_you_if_your passwords_are_hacked_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google’s_Android_latest_update_will_let_you_secure passwords,_schedule_text_message_and_more⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_enables_Password_Checkup_on_Android,_launches five_usability_features_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google’s_Password_Checkup_tool_rolling_out_to_Android devices_|_WeLiveSecurity⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Google’s_New_Password_Checkup_Feature_Helps Protect_Android_Users⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_to_release_Android_password_check,_messaging features⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_is_integrating_Chrome’s_Password_Checkup tool⠀⇛ # ⚓ TechCrunch_is_now_a_part_of_Verizon_Media⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_now_have_an_easy_way_to_check_the security_of_their_passwords_|_Ars_Technica⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Can_Now_Check_Whether_Your_Passwords_Have Been_Compromised⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_updates_TalkBack_screen_reader_with_new_voice commands,_language_options_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google’s_Android_Jetpack_Compose_is_now_in_beta_– Neowin⠀⇛ # ⚓ Jetpack_Compose_enters_beta,_makes_Android_UI_dev easier_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Jetpack_Compose_is_Now_Available_in_Beta_– Thurrott.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_devs_can_win_Pixel_5_in_Jetpack_Compose challenge_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Major_Android_feature_drop_brings_Maps,_Auto, Assistant_and_password_boosts_|_Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ 6_new_Android_features:_Schedule_text_messages,_Dark Mode_on_Google_Maps_and_more_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_are_set_to_get_these_6_new_features soon_|_Gadgets_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_features_coming_to_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ These_new_and_useful_Android_features_are_heading your_way_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_just_stole_Chrome’s_most_useful_feature_—_how to_enable_it_now_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_just_got_6_big_upgrades_—_how_to_try_them_now |_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Add_Multiple_Google_Accounts_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_schedule_texts_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_5.4_and_8.3_5G_are_now_Android_Enterprise Recommended⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Enterprise_Recommended_welcomes_new_Nokia devices_and_so_does_ioXt_Alliance_|_Nokiamob⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Auto_update_includes_car_games_and_split- screen_function_–_Roadshow⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_tablets_2021_–_from_Android_to_Apple,_these tablets_are_the_best_in_the_UK_|_Wigan_Today⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Best_Android_Tablets_2021_|_The_Strategist_|_New York_Magazine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_smartwatch_in_2021_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Amazon’s_IMDb_TV_Launches_On_Chromecast,_Soon_To_Hit Android_TV_Devices_In_U.S._–_Deadline⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_Music_for_Android_update_brings_an_important basic_feature_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Netflix_will_now_download_shows_to_your_Android_phone without_asking_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ Qualcomm_and_Lofelt_teaming_up_to_improve_Android haptics_|_The_Burn-In⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_app_with_one_billion_downloads_releases crucial_patch_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Talospace_Project:_Firefox_86_on_POWER⠀⇛ Firefox 86 is out, not only with multiple picture-in-picture (now have all the Weird Al videos open simultaneously!) and total cookie protection (not to be confused with other things called TCP) but also some noticeable performance improvements and finally gets rid of Backspace backing you up, a key I have never pressed to go back a page. Or, maybe those performance improvements are due to further improvements to our LTO-PGO recipe, which uses Fedora’s work to get rid of the sidecar shell script. Now with this single patch, plus their change to nsTerminator.cpp to allow optimization to be unbounded by time, you can build a fully link- and profile-guided optimized version for OpenPOWER and gcc with much less work. Firefox 86 also incorporates our low- level Power-specific fix to xpconnect. # ⚓ Learning_more_about_our_users⠀⇛ At the Tor Project we practice user- centered design. This means we put our users at the heart of our development process, making a conscious effort to understand the contexts in which people use our tools and paying particular attention to the bumps they encounter along the way. Many digital product companies rely heavily on data gathered from invasive tracking scripts to better understand their users’ behavior, further fueling the surveillance economy. However that’s not how we do things at Tor – instead, we aim to conduct research that respects the basic principles of privacy and consent. # ⚓ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_10.5a11⠀⇛ Tor Browser 10.5a11 is now available from the Tor Browser Alpha download page and also from our distribution directory. Note: This is an alpha release, an experimental version for users who want to help us test new features. For everyone else, we recommend downloading the latest stable release instead. # § FSFE⠀➾ # ⚓ FSFE20_+++_IloveFS_+++_Job_vacancy⠀⇛ In our February Newsletter, we interview our founding president Georg Greve as part of our publication series to celebrate 20 Years FSFE, we reflect on I love Free Software Day and our FOSDEM participation, we advertise our new job vacancy and as usual we report on our diverse community activities. # § FSF⠀➾ # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_new_open_source_licenses⠀⇛ As the steward of the Open Source Defintion, the Open Source Initiative has been designating licenses as “open source” for over 20 years. These licenses are the foundation of the open source software ecosystem, ensuring that everyone can use, improve, and share software. When a license is approved, it is because the OSI believes that the license fosters collaboration and sharing for the benefit of everyone who participates in the ecosystem. The world has changed over the past 20 years, with software now used in new and even unimaginable ways. The OSI has seen that the familiar open source licenses are not always well-suited for these new situations. But license stewards have stepped up, submitting several new licenses for more expansive uses. The OSI was challenged to evaluate whether these new concepts in licensing would continue to advance sharing and collaboration and merit being referred to as “open source” licenses, ultimately approving some new special purpose licenses. # ⚓ Keeping_platforms_open⠀⇛ My previous article, Whatsapp and the domestication of users, got more attention than I was expecting. Some responses gave me a lot to think about,1 especially regarding actions we can take. I suggest reading that article first; it explained what “user domestication” is and why it’s a problem. It enumerated three countermeasures: FOSS, simplicity, and open platforms. Hard problems, by definition, lack easy solutions. Simply choosing (or creating) a platform that avoids user domestication isn’t enough if that platform can change. The price of freedom is eternal vigilance; in addition to settling on the right platform, we must ensure that it honors its users in both the present and the future. Keeping a platform FOSS and simple is more straightforward2 than keeping a platform “open”. How do we keep an open platform from becoming a closed platform in the future? # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ 6_Top_Data_Analysis_Tools_for_Big_Data⠀⇛ Big Data is an all-inclusive term that refers to data sets so large and complex that they need to be processed by specially designed hardware and software tools. The data sets are typically of the order of tera or exabytes in size. These data sets are created from a diverse range of sources: sensors that gather climate information, publicly available information such as magazines, newspapers, articles. Other examples where big data is generated include purchase transaction records, web logs, medical records, military surveillance, video and image archives, and large-scale e-commerce. There is a heightened interest in Big Data and Big Data analysis and the implications they have for businesses. Big Data analysis is the process of examining huge quantities of data to find patterns, correlations, and other useful information that can help firms become more responsive to change, and to make better informed decisions. Big Data analysis can be performed with data mining software. However, the unstructured data sources used for big data analysis are not necessarily suitable for investigation by traditional data mining software. # ⚓ 50_Years_of_Pascal⠀⇛ Pascal was easy to teach, and it covered a wide spectrum of applications, which was a significant advantage over Algol, Fortran, and Cobol. The Pascal System was efficient, compact, and easy to use. The language was strongly influenced by the new discipline of structured programming, advocated primarily by E.W. Dijkstra to avert the threatening software crisis (1968). # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_use_Django_Serializers_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ Serializer is used in Django to convert the model instances or querysets into python supported data types that can be easily rendered into JSON, XML, or other formats. The deserialization can also be done by serializers to get back the original data from the serialized data. This feature is available in Django REST Framework. So, the users have to install this framework to use the serializers. Any webpage of the website may contain HTML, CSS, and data from the database tables. But the API does not understand these types of content, and it can understand the raw data only, that is, JSON data. How the serializers can be used to convert the model instance into JSON format has shown in this tutorial. # ⚓ How_to_use_queryset_in_django_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ Most of the web applications are implemented with the database now. queryset is used in the Django application to retrieve records by filtering or slicing or ordering the database table without changing the original data. The model used Django to create the table in the database. So, the knowledge of using the model in Django is necessary to understand the use of queryset. The main function of the queryset is to iterate the records of database tables by converting them into SQL queries. It can be used from the python command line or by writing the python script to display the browser’s output. The uses of queryset for retrieving data from a database table in different ways have been explained in this tutorial. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Is_BC_in_a_Bash_Script?_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛ BC, which stands for Basic Calculator, is a command in Bash that is used to provide the functionality of a scientific calculator within a Bash script. This can be useful for scripting with various arithmentic use cases and scenarios. This article shows you how to use BC in a Bash script. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_379 [Ed: The usual paradox of developing "openly" while requiring people to get an account with Microsoft and then use proprietary software of Microsoft, which attacks Free software.]⠀⇛ This Week in Rust is openly developed on GitHub. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Universality_or_Fighting_Over_Scraps⠀⇛ I don’t claim to have a universal answer to all such questions. There are some questions that I would certainly answer differently if they stood alone. If the rotten U.S. political system were condemned to remain unchanged except in one single regard, then, sure, I’d vote for slavery reparations. By the same token, I’d vote for term limits just to get different corrupt faces into the news, rather than working to make it possible to unelect incumbents. But I think that there is a consideration being missed by all of these questions, and that it is an extremely important one that usually ought to tip the balance. It is the value of universality. It’s not a theoretical value. It’s what makes Scandinavia a desirable place to live. It’s what makes Social Security and public high schools so popular. It’s why people campaign for Medicare for All, not Medicare for the Worthy. It’s why we’re outraged at the idea of a fire crew asking to see paperwork and check qualifications before putting out a fire. o ⚓ Opinion_|_Rest_In_Poetry⠀⇛ o ⚓ Yappy_Hour⠀⇛ Newton, Mass.—During lockdown last March, one of the few approved excuses for being outside was to walk your dog. In Newton, a suburb outside of Boston, stir-crazy folks with the requisite pet in tow began congregating, six feet apart, at Braceland, one of our local parks. o ⚓ The_Front_Lines⠀⇛ Atlantis so thoroughly fails the Bechdel Test that its two female characters—the minimum required to pass the assessment—never even meet, let alone converse. Granted, they’re educated professionals who talk about their work and not guys. Even so, this film—set in Eastern Ukraine in 2025, “one year after the war”—focuses almost single- mindedly on men, especially those who are no longer in combat but remain in uniform, one way or another. Some keep ready for firefights by donning their old outfits on weekends, driving to a snowy ravine, and shouting their way through target practice—just in case, or because they don’t know what else to do with themselves. Others have moldering tatters of fatigues clinging to their bones when they’re dug out of mass graves. o ⚓ The_Jackie_Robinson_of_Architecture⠀⇛ Undaunted, the pandemic can’t stop the Pan African Film Festival and in that immortal show biz tradition, the show must go on! Albeit virtually, as this year in order to stay cinematically safe, America’s largest and best yearly Black-themed filmfest since 1992 is moving online and starting later than usual, kicking off on the last day of Black History Month. 2021’s 29th annual Pan African Virtual Film + Arts Festival is taking place from Feb. 28 – March 14. Co-directors Royal Kennedy Rodgers and Kathy McCampbell Vance’s Hollywood’s Architect: The Paul R. Williams Story is a nonfiction biopic about the African American talent who rose to become the so-called “Architect of the Stars” when Jim Crow was still the scourge of the land. Born 1894 in L.A., Paul Revere Williams’ real-life story, overcoming adversity, is remarkable, even if it is unremarkably told in this conventionally albeit professionally made documentary. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Only_the_USA,_Liberia_and_Myanmar_still_use_imperial weights_and_measures⠀⇛ Here in Australia, we get those TV shows from the USA, house restoration, building off the grid, etc., and I find it amusing when they talk in imperial units. For example, they will measure a length of timber as 5 foot, 3 and 3/8 inches. The thing is, math calculation is messy when doing it in fractions. It is also messy to have non-metric conversions, for example 12 inches equals 1 foot. Then there is ounces, which could mean a weight or a volume. Messy again. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ “V-gasm”?_A_confused_antivaxxer_likens_COVID-19_vaccines_to sex_and_religion⠀⇛ I debated whether to write about this or not, for the simple reason that I always wonder if it’s a good idea to give such fringe, “out-there” posts a boost, even as modest a boost as this blog provides, even while commenting negatively on an idea. However, when I came across the post and the idea being promoted, I was just so struck at how it resonates with previous antivaccine posts that I deconstructed long before the pandemic began that I thought it was worth a brief mention, even at the risk of readers reacting with a hearty, “Why did you waste your time on this?” I’m referring to a recent post that I inadvertently stumbled across on that loony antivax conspiracy site that’s even loonier than the average antivax conspiracy site, BolenReport entitled Was the V-Gasm Good for You?, complete with a photo of a woman apparently in the throes of an orgasm. # ⚓ So_You_Got_Vaccinated_…_And_Then_You_Got_COVID._Now_What?⠀⇛ But odds are fickle things. In a game of chance, not everybody gets to win, even if the odds of winning are high. Flint rolled … and he lost, diagnosed with a mostly asymptomatic case of COVID- 19 on Jan. 25. That, by itself, wasn’t a shock. He’d known that some people would still get the virus despite being vaccinated. Even the mRNA vaccines’ famed “95 percent efficacy” was really a measure of how well the vaccines prevented symptomatic cases. But Flint didn’t expect to be one of the people who slipped through the cracks. More importantly, though, he expected somebody to care. “I thought there’d be some mechanism,” he said. But nobody asked him about his vaccine status when he got tested. There was nowhere to file that information with his doctor. And that was the part that confused Flint. “Shouldn’t somebody want to know?” he asked. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Finnish_IT_Giant_Hit_with_Ransomware_Cyberattack [iophk: Windows TO]⠀⇛ Norwegian business journal E24 reported the attack on Espoo, Finland-based TietoEVRY on Tuesday, claiming to have spoken with Geir Remman, a communications director at the company. Remman acknowledged technical problems with several services that TietoEVRY provides to 25 customers, which are “due to a ransom attack,” according to the report. Remman told E24 that the company considers the attack “a serious criminal act.” TietoEVRY turned off the unspecified services and infrastructure affected “as a preventative measure” until it can recover relevant data, and restart systems “in a controlled manner,” he said. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Sysdig_Announces_First_eBPF Contribution_To_The_CNCF⠀⇛ Sysdig has contributed the sysdig kernel module, eBPF probe, and Falco libraries to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). This extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) contribution is the first eBPF project to be added to the CNCF and it is one of the largest eBPF code bases in the open. The contributed source code has taken more than 100,000 hours to write and with the announcement today, it has moved into the Falco organization. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Update_CentOS_Linux_for_free⠀⇛ As you may know, in December 2020 IBM/ Red Hat announced that CentOS Linux 8 will end in December 2021. Additionally, the updates for CentOS Linux 6 ended on November 30, 2020. If your organization relies on CentOS, you are faced with finding an alternative OS. The lack of regular updates puts these systems at increasing risk for major vulnerabilities with every passing day. A popular solution with minimal disruption is to simply point your CentOS systems to receive updates from Oracle Linux. This can be done anonymously and at no charge to your organization. With Oracle Linux, you can continue to benefit from a similar, stable CentOS alternative. Oracle Linux updates and errata are freely available and can be applied to CentOS or Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) instances without reinstalling the operating system. Just connect to the Oracle Linux yum server, and follow these instructions. Best of all, your apps continue to run as usual. # ⚓ Malware_in_open-source_web_extensions⠀⇛ Since the original creator has exclusive control over the account for the distribution channel (which is typically the user’s only gateway to the program), it logically follows that they are responsible for transferring control to future maintainers, despite the fact that they may only have the copyright on a portion of the software. Additionally, as the distribution- channel account is the property of the project owner, they can sell that account and the accompanying maintainership. After all, while the code of the extension might be owned by its larger community, the distributing account certainly isn’t. Such is what occurred for The Great Suspender, which was a Chrome extension on the Web Store that suspends inactive tabs, halting their scripts and releasing most of the resources from memory. In June 2020, Dean Oemcke, the creator and longtime maintainer, decided to move on from the project. He transferred the GitHub repository and the Web Store rights, announcing the change in a GitHub issue that said nothing about the identity of the new maintainer. The announcement even made a concerning mention of a purchase, which raises the question of who would pay money for a free extension, and why. Of course, as the vast majority of the users of The Great Suspender were not interested in its open-source nature, few of them noticed until October, when the new maintainer made a perfectly ordinary release on the Chrome Web Store. Well, perfectly ordinary except for the minor details that the release did not match the contents of the Git repository, was not tagged on GitHub, and lacked a changelog. # ⚓ Apply_Security_Updates_Now⠀⇛ Nonetheless, many users fail to apply updates or perform upgrades in a timely fashion. For example, he notes that between 5% and 30% of users run Linux Mint 17.x, which no longer receives security updates. “If you are still using Linux Mint 17.x you need to back up your data and reinstall a modern version ASAP,” he says. The blog post provides simple steps for finding out which version of Linux Mint you’re running and applying all necessary updates to your machine. # ⚓ How_often_should_I_rotate_my_ssh_keys?⠀⇛ My story for today is about ssh and how even public keys, while much better than simple passwords, are still not a perfect solution. The danger is credential theft, which is a fancy way of saying “someone stole your private keys.” Back in the 1990s, that problem was pretty far from our minds; Windows 98 didn’t even have the concept of a separate administrator account, never mind the idea of app sandboxing or the inkling that someone might intentionally want to load malware onto your computer and encrypt all your files for ransomware. Those were the days when some people thought ActiveX controls (essentially loading .exe files from web sites) might be a good idea. Actually, maybe even a great idea as long as there was an “are you sure?” dialog box first. # ⚓ 4_of_the_Best_LastPass_Alternatives⠀⇛ LastPass has recently changed its free account usage policy to be only available on one device, and a lot of its users are not happy about it. If you are a LastPass Free user and are looking to switch, here are four great LastPass alternatives you should check out. These services reserve their pricing tiers for more advanced, business-oriented users while still leaving free users with a powerful set of features to safeguard their online accounts data. # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Arch Linux (ansible-base, keycloak, mumble, and postgresql), Debian (firefox-esr and nodejs), Fedora (dotnet3.1, dotnet5.0, keylime, php- horde-Horde-Text-Filter, radare2, scap- security-guide, and wireshark), openSUSE (postgresql, postgresql13 and python-djangorestframework), Red Hat (Ansible, firefox, and thunderbird), Scientific Linux (firefox and thunderbird), SUSE (php7, postgresql- jdbc, python-cryptography, rpmlint, and webkit2gtk3), and Ubuntu (dnsmasq, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.4, linux- azure, linux-azure-5.4, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.4, linux-gke-5.4, linux- gkeop, linux-gkeop-5.4, linux-hwe-5.4, linux-kvm, linux-oracle, linux-oracle- 5.4, linux-raspi, linux-raspi-5.4, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-hwe, linux- azure, linux-azure-4.15, linux- dell300x, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-4.15, linux-gke-4.15, linux-hwe, linux-kvm, linux-oracle, linux-raspi2, linux- snapdragon, linux, linux-aws, linux- azure, linux-gcp, linux-hwe-5.8, linux- kvm, linux-oracle, linux-raspi, linux, linux-aws, linux-kvm, linux-lts-xenial, linux-raspi2, linux-snapdragon, linux- oem-5.10, linux-oem-5.6, screen, and xterm). # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Covid-19_vaccine_passports_for_travel_and work_are_coming:_what_are_the_implications for_human_rights,_privacy_and surveillance?⠀⇛ These green passports will also allow residents to travel abroad without needing to be tested for the virus. The idea is beginning to spread. Air New Zealand will trial a digital vaccine passport on flights between Auckland and Sydney. The UK’s Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, is said to be considering the use of “Covid status certificates” – effectively vaccine passports – to allow people who have been vaccinated more freedom within the UK. One suggestion is that the UK’s Covid-19 tracing app could be used to display a person’s vaccine status. The Ada Lovelace Insitute, whose mission is “to ensure that data and AI work for people and society”, is troubled by this prospect. A group of experts convened by the Institute points out that: # ⚓ Big_Tech’s_Top_EU_Data_Watchdog_Hits_Back at_‘Ludicrous’_Critics⠀⇛ Dixon’s agency has 27 privacy probes open targeting Apple Inc., Google and other tech companies that have set up an EU hub in Ireland, according to the latest annual report published Thursday. Facebook accounts for nine of these investigations and more are pending into its WhatsApp and Instagram units. The workload has sparked criticism that the authority is too slow to take action. Noyb, a group set up by privacy activist Max Schrems, called on EU authorities last year to “take action” against the Irish Data Protection Commission over its failure to issue any significant fines since the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation took effect in 2018. # ⚓ Controversial_EU_Plans_For_Blanket Message_And_Chat_Control:_Second_Trilogue Takes_Place_Today⠀⇛ In 2020, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal that would allow providers to use error-prone technology to search all private chats, video conferences, messages and emails in a fully automated manner, without suspicion, for allegedly illegal depictions of minors and attempts to initiate contact with minors. If an algorithm reports a suspicious case, all message contents and contact data are automatically forwarded to a private distribution centre and on to police authorities worldwide without human verification. According to the police, up to 90% of the automated alerts incriminate innocent users. The users concerned are not notified. No judge needs to order this search. Trilogue negotiations on the controversial proposal are ongoing. The EU Commission is preparing follow-up legislation to make the error-prone content screening mandatory for all communications service providers. In recent weeks, experts, data protection commissioners and a child sexual abuse victim have sharply criticised the proposed legislation (so-called „ePrivacy derogation“). The bill was originally to be passed in a fast-track procedure and is now expected to be voted in April. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Twitter’s_Attempt_to_Suppress_Grayzone_Reporting_Backfires as_Warning_Label_Becomes_Meme⠀⇛ SAN FRANSICO — “These materials may have been attained through hacking.” That is the warning message that any Twitter users coming across a recent Grayzone investigative report are met with, replete with a large exclamation point (!) signaling danger. # ⚓ The_Empire’s_Hidden_Hand:_How_The_US_Established,_Sustains and_Benefits_From_Morocco’s_Occupation_of_Western_Sahara⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The Answer_to_the_Climate_Crisis_Is_Not_More_US Militarism⠀⇛ Climate change poses an existential threat. That doesn’t mean we should further empower an already bloated Pentagon. # ⚓ Syria,_Right_Now⠀⇛ Syria has been such an amoral, deadly conflict, though conflict may not be the right word. It’s an all-out assault on the citizenry by the Syrian Defence Forces (SDF) and their partners, and enemies. Almost all the main arms manufacturers, including local players, have used the country for target practice. The SDF, eschewing the high-tech ordnance of their allies/foes, have just cut the crap and filled barrels with explosives and chucked them out of helicopters wherever they think unlucky civilians might be cowering below. It’s so low-tech it’s reminiscent of Greek fire. Yet deadly, and absolutely terrifying. 6,000,000-plus have fled the country, with all the attendant horror, grief, personal loss, and regional destabilization that inevitably follows this horseman of the Apocalypse. Perhaps another 5,000,000 are internally displaced persons, or IDPs. # ⚓ Biden_signs_executive_order_calling_for_semiconductor supply_chain_review⠀⇛ President Biden signed an executive order Wednesday addressing growing concern over a global semiconductor shortage hampering the production of goods like automobiles and smartphones. The White House’s executive order directs the federal government to conduct 100-day reviews of supply chains in four sets of products, including computer chips and large capacity batteries, like those used in electric vehicles, according to administration officials. # ⚓ Biden_Orders_Review_to_Shore_Up_Supply_Chain_Resiliency⠀⇛ On top of the 100-day review of the four key industries, Biden’s order will also direct yearlong reviews for six sectors: defense, public health, information technology, transportation, energy and food production. Biden said his administration will implement the recommendations as soon as they are available. “We’re not going to wait for the review to be completed before we start closing the existing gaps,” he said. # ⚓ Technology_Executives_Say_All_Evidence_Points_To_Russia_In Major_Hack_Of_Computer_Networks⠀⇛ Smith told the committee that the true scope of the intrusions is still unknown because most victims are not legally required to disclose attacks unless they involve sensitive information about individuals. # ⚓ Suspected_Islamist_insurgents_strike_northeast_Nigeria’s main_city,_ten_dead⠀⇛ It was the worst attack for a year on Maiduguri, the government’s stronghold in the northeast and the heart of its conflict with Boko Haram jihadists in a shattering, decade-long war. # ⚓ Abu_Walaa,_the_preacher_guilty_of_supporting_‘Islamic State’_terrorism⠀⇛ The court in Celle on Wednesday sentenced him to 10.5 years in prison. Abu Walaa was arrested with four other suspects in 2016. The trial began in 2017. Prosecutors have sought sentences ranging from 4 1/2 to 10 years for three of the men. The other confessed and was sentenced to 3 1/2 years in April 2020. Abu Walaa even had connections to Anis Amri, the Tunisian refugee suspected of carrying out the 2016 Christmas market attack in Berlin, in which 12 people died. Amri was later killed in a shootout with police in Italy. # ⚓ War_for_Water:_foreign_investor_firepower_over_Australian farmers_in_water_deals⠀⇛ Murray Darling Basin expert Maryanne Slattery, director of Slattery and Johnston, believes that “the water market has been a disastrous experiment not just for the environment but for a whole lot of our industries and communities”. Slattery finds arguments in favour of a water market a bit like “first-year economic students claimed that the water goes to the highest value use”. A vast amount of water is being drawn away for various new foreign-owned tree nut farms downstream in the Murrumbidgee, she says. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Q&A_with_IDA_Advocate_Michael_Lewis⠀⇛ Michael Lewis is a dedicated advocate for dark skies and astronomy education. He met the founder of International Dark Sky Week, Ms. Jennifer Barlow, at an astronomy event years ago and it sparked his passion for protecting the night sky. Michael is also a member of the Richmond Astronomical Society and the AAVSO Variable Star Observers. He is actively working on Urban Night Sky Place designations to help more people in cities understand the value of a dark night sky. Get to know Michael and his work with the Q&A below. # ⚓ Journalists_and_the_Looming_Superstorm_of_Climate Disinformation⠀⇛ Texas had only just frozen over. In the wake of a devastating winter storm, millions in the state were without power and struggling to find warmth. They boiled snow for water; some were dying. And against all evidence, the climate-science-denying political right was grousing about windmills and blaming a Green New Deal that doesn’t yet exist. # ⚓ The_Green_New_Deal_Threatens_Republicans’_Bread_and_Butter_ (It’s_not_Just_Competition_in_the_Battle_of_Ideas)⠀⇛ Even Texas’ deregulated energy market is still highly regulated. It is possible to have hugely different outcomes and incentives by structuring the market in slightly different ways. For example, since the supply of electricity to individual homes in inherently a monopoly relationship (no one will have two electrical hookups), the burden can be placed on the provider to ensure electricity in a specified price range, rather than structuring the market so the risk lies entirely with consumers. The latter makes little sense for free market types, since consumers both have no ability to assess the risk that their providers are taking, nor the ability to take steps to reduce the risk. If contracts were written so that the risks fell to the providers, this would provide the sort of market incentives that fans of the “free market” claim they value. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Fossil_Fuel_Shock_Doctrine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Texas_Blackouts_Show_Us_How_Electric_Vehicles_Can Help_Solve_Big_Problems⠀⇛ # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ From_Capture_to_Culture:_Aquaculture_in_the_US⠀⇛ Now that the new administration is in office and rapidly attempting to reverse many of the policy priorities of its predecessor, marine advocates are watching to see what their posture will be toward aquaculture. But the push to expand fish farms is spurring a fiery debate, prompting calls from the U.S.-based commercial fishing industry for more support while drawing skepticism and critique from many marine biologist and environmentalists. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ GameStop_Hearing_Exposes_a_Sick_Business_Model_Destined_to Exacerbate_Wealth_Inequality_in_America⠀⇛ GameStop is the brick-and-mortar video game retailer whose stock soared from $18.84 on December 31 of last year to an intraday high of $483 on January 28 – an unprecedented run of 2,465 percent in four weeks by a struggling retail outlet. Following the spectacular run, GameStop’s share price then quickly plunged back to earth, making its stock chart look like something you would see from a boiler room operation rather than a New York Stock Exchange-listed stock. GameStop’s closing price yesterday was $40.69. The exchange between Axne and Tenev opened a window into a sick business model on Wall Street that is pumping out billionaires like Citadel’s Ken Griffin while seducing young people with the gamification of trading. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Ahead_of_Hearing,_Calls_Grow_for_Postmaster General_DeJoy’s_Removal⠀⇛ Despite the destructive sabotage by the USPS Board of Governors and Louis DeJoy hope for meaningful reforms still exists. # ⚓ For_FinTech_Magnates:_Digital_Dollars_for_the_Poor, Exponential_Profits_for_the_Rich⠀⇛ In a virtual conference hosted by The New York Times, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen gave her nod of approval to the idea of “sovereign digital currencies” to solve the riddle of financial inclusion in America. # ⚓ As_US_Mourns_500,000_Lives_Lost,_Report_Shows_Billionaires Added_$1.3_Trillion_to_Their_Fortunes_During_Pandemic⠀⇛ “It is unseemly that billionaires have experienced such gains as we mark a half a million lives lost and millions more who have lost their health, wealth, and jobs.” # ⚓ Majority_of_US_Voters_Want_Government_to_Invest_More_in Healthcare,_Education,_and_Fighting_Poverty:_Poll⠀⇛ 57% of the electorate thinks the government doesn’t spend enough on anti-poverty initiatives, while 56% want to see more investment in education and healthcare. # ⚓ Mutual_Aid_Means_Survival_in_Texas_as_Winter_Storm_Collides With_Housing_Crisis⠀⇛ # ⚓ Trouble_in_the_Connecticut_Suburbs:_Revolutionary_Road Revisited⠀⇛ The novel is set in 1955 and is the story of Frank and April Wheeler, a couple with two children who live on Revolutionary Road in an upscale Fairfield County town. Frank commutes by train five mornings a week to Manhattan, where he is employed as a salesman at Knox Business Machines. While he is paid well enough to afford a lovely home (April is a stay-at-home mom), Frank hates his job, feels diminished by it and never passes up an opportunity to make fun of it. At first, Frank and April are drawn to living in a nice house on a tree-lined street. Before very long, however, they fall into regularly making fun of their neighbors. They come to see there is something hollow at the core of the suburban dream. It becomes important to both of them to believe that they are better than their surroundings, and also to believe their coming to live on Revolutionary Road was a twist of fate they had no control over. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden’s_Possible_Strategic_Blunder⠀⇛ There is no sign of new thinking on our most important foreign policy problems, however—our relations with Russia and China.  Biden’s unnecessarily harsh campaign messages to Moscow and Beijing were designed for a domestic audience, but it means that Biden’s national security team is on a “short leash,” not only for reengaging both capitals but, more importantly, for trying to prevent movement toward a Sino-Russian alliance. There is no sign that Biden recognizes U.S. responsibility for the difficult relations  with  Moscow and Beijing.  The expansion of NATO and the aggressive deployment of U.S. and NATO forces in East Europe and the Baltics in violation of a verbal understanding between then-president George H.W. Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is a key component of Russian-American friction.  Trump’s trade and tariff war as well as gratuitously tough rhetoric toward Beijing is part and parcel of Xi Jinping’s annoyance with Washington. # ⚓ First_English,_Then_American,_and_Now_Muslim_Francophobia⠀⇛ C-Phobias In broad terms, phobias are sore beliefs about things, creatures, events, peoples, and nations. Prominent phobias involve persons and communities. Personal phobias are anxiety-producing states of mind, such as fear of heights, flying, and crowded spaces. By contrast, communal phobias (c-phobias) such as Islamophobia and Francophobia are disdainful stereotypes about race, religion, ethnicity, and nations. Racism, xenophobia, religious fanaticism, and supremacism nurture close bonds with c-phobias. Unlike personal phobias, no therapies are available to resolve c-phobias. # ⚓ Amid_Scrutiny_of_Tweets,_Tanden’s_Role_in_Killing_a_Union Website_Should_Not_Be_Forgotten⠀⇛ Neera Tanden, president and CEO of the liberal Center for American Progress (CAP) think tank, may or may not be confirmed by the Senate as the Biden administration’s budget chief. Republicans and one conservative Democrat, Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia, may reject her based on her past of posting overly personal attacks against Republicans on Twitter. Those attacks also extended to independent socialist Sen. Bernie Sanders, although it is expected that he’ll vote for her (Newsweek, 2/11/21). # ⚓ Facebook_Remains_a_Threat_to_Democracy⠀⇛ The Trump presidency will be remembered as the era when the absurdity of reality outpaced satire. Even with Trump out of the White House, it’s hard for any caricature to be quite as grotesque as what actually happens. On Monday, one of The Onion’s typical attempts to parody the daily news began, “In an effort to curtail the organization’s outsized influence, Facebook announced Monday that it would be implementing new steps to ensure the breakup of the U.S. government before it becomes too powerful.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Rush_Limbaugh_Was_Vital_to_the_Conservative Movement—and_Paved_the_Road_for_Trump⠀⇛ Limbaugh’s show taught disparate parts of the right that they should be one big happy family.  # ⚓ Limbaugh_Helped_Create_the_Conservative_Movement—and_Paved the_Road_for_Trump⠀⇛ Rush Limbaugh died on February 17, leaving behind a legacy of lies, bigotry, science denial and conspiracy mongering—as well as a media and political system significantly transformed by his influence. # ⚓ ‘We_Can’t_Act_Like_This_Isn’t_Happening’:_Marjorie_Taylor Greene—and_House_GOP_Caucus—Rebuked_for_Bigoted,_Anti-Trans Speech_on_House_Floor⠀⇛ “We’re gonna pass the #EqualityAct today, protect our LGBTQ+ family, and make the world a little bit better,” tweeted Rep. Ocasio-Cortez following the remarks. “Nothing is going to stop that.” # ⚓ The_Mass_Deception_Machine_of_Computational_Propaganda⠀⇛ Today, these techniques are increasingly used on voters in democratic countries by politicians, lobbyists,  astroturf PR and political parties. Telling organised lies and creating mass deception helps right-wing politicians get elected and stay in power once elected. Britain’s BoJo and Donald Trump are prime examples. Boris Johnson’s lies got so bad that a special website has been created: boris-johnson-lies.com while Trump runs on the “15 most notable lies” and well above 20,000 falsehoods. Today, in conjunction with computational propaganda, the mass deception machine has made sure that in several democratic countries, political leaders have been elected. They tend to reject scientific findings – on global warming, for example – and the concept that governmental decision should be based on evidence rather than myths, conspiracy fantasies and alternative facts. # ⚓ Romney_Says_Trump_Will_Be_GOP_Nominee_If_He_Runs_in_2024⠀⇛ # ⚓ Russia’s_opposition_will_mark_the_sixth_anniversary_of Boris_Nemtsov’s_assassination_with_a_memorial_event,_not_a march,_due_to_pandemic_restrictions⠀⇛ A coalition of opposition activists and politicians is calling on supporters of Boris Nemtsov to mark the sixth anniversary of his assassination by leaving flowers at the Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge in Moscow, where the former deputy prime minister was shot and killed on February 27, 2015. # ⚓ In_a_new_interview,_Putin’s_alleged_illegitimate_daughter says_‘a_lot_of_people’_look_like_the_president⠀⇛ In November 2020, the investigative news outlet Proekt reported that a woman named Svetlana Krivonogikh owns a minority share in Rossiya Bank, which she apparently owes to an intimate relationship with Vladimir Putin. Journalists also discovered that Krivonogikh’s daughter, Luiza Rozova, bears a striking resemblance to Russia’s president, leading to speculation that Rozova is Putin’s illegitimate child, though the Kremlin has dismissed these rumors as “tabloid” speculation.  # ⚓ Sheryl_Sandberg_and_Top_Facebook_Execs_Silenced_an_Enemy_of Turkey_to_Prevent_a_Hit_to_the_Company’s_Business⠀⇛ As Turkey launched a military offensive against Kurdish minorities in neighboring Syria in early 2018, Facebook’s top executives faced a political dilemma. Turkey was demanding the social media giant block Facebook posts from the People’s Protection Units, a mostly Kurdish militia group the Turkish government had targeted. Should Facebook ignore the request, as it has done elsewhere, and risk losing access to tens of millions of users in Turkey? Or should it silence the group, known as the YPG, even if doing so added to the perception that the company too often bends to the wishes of authoritarian governments? # ⚓ Twitter_removes_hundreds_of_accounts_it_says_are_linked_to Iran,_Russia,_Armenia⠀⇛ The company said it had taken down 238 accounts operating from Iran for various violations of its policies. Twitter said 100 accounts with Russian ties were removed for amplifying narratives that undermined faith in NATO and targeted the United States and the European Union. # ⚓ Australia_passes_law_requiring_Facebook_and_Google_to_pay for_news_content⠀⇛ The News Media Bargaining Code requires Facebook and Google to pay a negotiated fee to link to or use news content, and includes a mandatory arbitration process if an agreement on fees can’t be reached. It also asks tech companies to give advance notice to news organizations about upcoming algorithm changes. It’s the threat of arbitration that both Google and Facebook had hoped to avoid, a process whereby an independent body decides the value of news content in news feeds and search results. The law is currently designed to target Facebook and Google specifically, but in the future it could be expanded to other platforms “where fundamental bargaining power imbalances with Australian news businesses emerge.” However, amendments to the law mean the government can also take into account any commercial agreements a tech company has made with news publishers before formally designating it as a platform under the code. The law is due to be reviewed a year after it comes into effect to assess its impact. # ⚓ Australia_Passes_Law_Making_Facebook,_Google_Pay_for_News⠀⇛ Among key concessions, Google and Facebook are free to decide themselves which commercial deals to pursue. And if the government decides they’ve made a sufficient contribution to the local news industry, they won’t be designated under the law. If the government does decide to apply the code, the companies will be given one month’s notice, and will also have more time to strike deals with media publishers before they’re forced into final-offer arbitration as a last resort. # ⚓ Special_Forces_to_build_‘influence_artillery’_for_online campaigns⠀⇛ The center, to be based at Fort Bragg, will consolidate the command’s psychological operations capabilities and will wrap around other information related capabilities such as cyber and space, Col. Ed Croot, chief of staff at 1st Special Forces Command, said in a Feb. 17 virtual presentation for AFCEA TechNet Augusta. # ⚓ Facebook_Pledges_$1B_in_News_Investments_Over_3_Years⠀⇛ Facebook on Wednesday pledged to invest at least $1 billion to support journalism over the next three years as the social media giant defended its handling of a dispute with Australia over payments to media organizations. Nick Clegg, head of global affairs, said in a statement that the company was willing to support news media while reiterating its concerns about mandated payments. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Guardian’s_Firing_of Nathan_Robinson Over_Israel Joke_Highlights_Paper’s_Rightward_Drift⠀⇛ “What this shows is that even at the Guardian, the editors want to very tightly police what writers say on Israel/Palestine.” # ⚓ Twitter_Deletes_Dozens_of_Russian_Accounts_for_“Undermining Faith_in_NATO”⠀⇛ Social media giant Twitter announced yesterday that it has deleted 373 accounts it claims were linked to Russia, Iran, and Armenia. In a blog post entitled “Disclosing networks of state-linked information operations,” it claimed that it had taken the decision to remove 69 Russian accounts primarily because they were “undermining faith in the NATO alliance and its stability.”The move sparked controversy on Twitter itself, with many users joking that their own fealty to NATO was insufficiently zealous. # ⚓ Facebook_has_triumphed_in_govt_stoush_and_nothing_has changed:_Budde⠀⇛ While all the information blocked by Facebook could be found on the publishers’ individual sites, Budde said Facebook was a well-known, integrated platform and used by a majority of Australians. Thus the organisations that provided services to the public would be the ones that suffered due to the blocking of content. # ⚓ Author_Osman_Haneef_on_his_debut_novel_and_being_an ‘outsider-insider’⠀⇛ The novel, which was recently republished for Pakistan, is about a Christian boy accused of blasphemy ― a crime punishable by death. Though the novel is a complete work of fiction, according to Haneef, it hits close to home because the trial is inspired by an actual one from the 1990s. # ⚓ ‘The_United_States_vs._Billie_Holiday’_Review:_Scattered but_Scorching,_and_a_Must-See_for_Andra_Day’s_Performance⠀⇛ “The United States vs. Billie Holiday” opens with a ghastly historic photograph of a Black man being lynched. Holiday rose to fame in no small part because of her nightclub performances of “Strange Fruit,” a poetic and spellbinding evocation of the horror of lynching — but from the start it was a dangerous song, and the story of “Strange Fruit” is at the heart of the movie. The way Billie performs it, it’s not just a haunting number; it’s a news bulletin, a work of the fiercest possible political art. That’s what makes the song (and her) a sensation, and why racist forces within the government, led by J. Edgar Hoover, decide that they have to shut it down. The movie, written by the playwright and novelist Suzan-Lori Parks (“Topdog/Underdog”), jams a lot of the overheated drama you’re expecting into the first half hour. It’s 1947, and even the officers of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, led by the angry weasel Harry Anslinger (Garrett Hedlund), concede that they can’t arrest a performer for singing a song. But they know that Billie is a heroin addict, so they decide to go after her on drugs. The movie is matter-of-fact when it comes to shooting up; it shows us how Billie hides her track marks and functions (rather ably) from high to high. (She also likes to use before going onstage, as many jazz musicians of the time did.) She’s married to her manager (Erik LaRay Harvey), who treats her like property, but she forms a bond with Jimmy Fletcher (Trevante Rhodes), a veteran who keeps showing up in uniform, hanging out backstage, all warm supportive smiles. He’s drop-dead handsome and sincere, but he’s a touch mysterious and seems a little too good to be true. Which he is. Arrested for using narcotics, Billie spends a year in the slammer, gets clean, and at that point — right? — it’s up to her to turn her life around. Yet Daniels’ view of Billie is more complex, more radical than that. Billie chooses to stay on the smack, but the pain she’s exorcising comes from circumstances that are beyond scalding. (We see glimpses of her childhood, with her prostitute mother trying to turn her out when she’s just 10.) Back from jail, she’s popular enough to pack Carnegie Hall (and her performance there is a triumph), but she’s denied her cabaret card, so outside of Philly and Washington, D.C., she can’t play in any club, which effectively chokes off her career. Her punishment for singing “Strange Fruit” is to have her life as an entertainer placed in chains. She forms an alliance with John Levy (Tone Bell), a domineering smoothie who owns Club Ebony in New York, and who has paid off the cops to let her sing. But as she discovers, that’s a Faustian bargain too. # ⚓ The_Threat_Against_Free_Speech_on_Hungary’s_Airwaves⠀⇛ Klubrádió has been highly critical of the current government—among other reasons, because of the Memorial for Victims of the German Occupation, which the government erected in 2014. It marked the 70th anniversary of the systemic deportation of Jewish Hungarians from the whole country, with the exception of Budapest, in 1944. The monument puts the blame on the Germans, but the deportation was arranged with brutality and record speed by the Hungarian administration itself. As an open forum for public discourse, Klubrádió has challenged a range of government policies, including those bearing on public memory and press freedom. Klubrádió was the only major independent radio station on the air in Hungary, where the governing party has abused its two-thirds majority in Parliament since 2010. The government started with a media law allowing itself to select all five members of the FCC-like Media Council—possible in a member state of the European Union, which lacks a federalist safeguard against such a fundamental threat to free speech. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ U.S._report_on_Khashoggi_death_expected_to_single_out_Saudi crown_prince:_sources⠀⇛ In 2019, a U.N. human rights investigator, Agnes Callamard, accused Saudi Arabia of a “deliberate, premeditated execution” of Khashoggi and called for further investigation. “There is sufficient credible evidence regarding the responsibility of the crown prince demanding further investigation,” Callamard said after the six-month probe. A classified version of the report was shared with members of Congress in late 2018. # ⚓ New_public_report_to_blame_Saudi_crown_prince_for_2018 killing_of_Jamal_Khashoggi⠀⇛ White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters Wednesday that Biden would communicate with the Saudi king, rather than his son the crown prince. She said the declassified report was being prepared for release soon. # ⚓ US_Report_on_Khashoggi_Death_Expected_to_Single_Out_Saudi Crown_Prince,_Sources_Say⠀⇛ A declassified version of a U.S. intelligence report expected to be released Thursday finds that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman approved the 2018 killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, four U.S. officials familiar with the matter said. The officials said the report, for which the CIA was the main contributor, assessed that the crown prince approved and likely ordered the murder of Khashoggi, whose Washington Post column had criticized the crown prince’s policies. # ⚓ Scoop:_Biden_will_call_Saudi_king_ahead_of_damning_report⠀⇛ President Biden plans to call Saudi Arabia’s King Salman on Wednesday, ahead of the public release of a potentially damning intelligence report about the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, a source briefed on the call told Axios. # ⚓ Man_sentenced_to_15_years_for_murder_of_Maltese_anti- corruption_journalist⠀⇛ One of three men accused of carrying out the 2017 assassination of Maltese anti-corruption journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia pleaded guilty on Tuesday and was sentenced to 15 years in jail. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden_Canceled_Trump’s_“Remain_in_Mexico”_Policy,_But Asylum_Seekers_Still_Wait_in_Squalid_Refugee_Camps⠀⇛ One of the most controversial Trump-era immigration policies — the so-called Remain in Mexico program, officially called the Migrant Protection Protocols — left about 25,000 asylum seekers stranded on the other side of the border while their cases progressed through U.S. courts. President Joe Biden has suspended that program, but immigrant advocates say his administration needs to move more quickly to undo the damage. Although dozens of asylum seekers have been allowed to trickle in, many thousands are still waiting in dangerous conditions for their chance to cross the border, including in the Matamoros refugee camp across the border from Brownsville, Texas. It is the largest camp of its kind and holds hundreds of men, women and children seeking asylum, most of them fleeing extreme violence and poverty in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. “We’ve gotten very little government support on the ground with this transition,” says Chloe Rastatter, a field engineer for Solidarity Engineering, a humanitarian organization that provides support in the Matamoros camp. “They say MPP is over, but there’s a camp of 1,000 people still here.” We also speak with Dison, an asylum seeker from Honduras who works with Solidarity Engineering, and investigative reporter Valerie Gonzalez, who covers the Rio Grande Valley. # ⚓ Opinion_|_What_Is_a_Migrant_Worth?⠀⇛ Communicating the value of people and nature in financial terms comes at a cost. # ⚓ Putin_signs_law_that_raises_penalties_for_disobeying_law enforcement_and_makes_it_harder_to_finance_demonstrations⠀⇛ Protesting in Russia just got a bit riskier. On Wednesday, President Putin signed legislation that raises the penalties for disobeying police officers, including at public assemblies, and for violating new rules on financing mass demonstrations.  # ⚓ ‘Anything_to_further_my_Communist_agenda’:_Another_day’s developments_in_Navalny’s_loss_of_‘prisoner_of_conscience’ status_at_Amnesty_International⠀⇛ Some new details emerged on Wednesday about the human rights organization Amnesty International’s decision to rescind Alexey Navalny’s “prisoner of conscience” status. As reported yesterday, the group has determined that Navalny’s past advocacy of anti-migrant positions constitutes hate speech. Today, more of the organization’s staff in Russia confirmed Navalny’s new designation. Also, several new encounters online fueled additional anger and ridicule.  # ⚓ Protest_Song_Of_The_Week:_‘Different_Streets’_By_Made Kuti⠀⇛ Fela Kuti was a pioneer of Afrobeat and one of the most important socially conscious musicians of all- time. He was also announced as one of 16 nominees for induction into the 2021 class of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. The nomination is a long-overdue acknowledgment for an influential artist who transcended genres. Fela’s legacy has been carried on by his oldest son Femi and youngest son Seun, who have both established themselves as successful Afrobeat artists. And now, Made, who is Femi’s son, hopes to follow in the footsteps of his father and grandfather. # ⚓ Whistleblowers:_Flawed_Software_Held_Hundreds_Of_Prisoners Past_Release_Dates⠀⇛ In June 2019, Arizona enacted SB 1310, a bill that allowed inmates with drug convictions shave up to 30 percent off of their sentence if they completed programs that help inmates get their GED or train for a job. But ACIS can’t handle SB 1310 calculations, the whistleblowers told KJZZ, and their bosses were well aware of the problem. That means that inmates who were either eligible or even already completed the SB 1310 programs still ended up serving their entire, original sentences. # ⚓ The_Yazidi_Women_Who_Do_Not_Want_to_Be_Known⠀⇛ More than six years later, many of these women prefer to be known as IS wives rather than members of the ancient religious group they were born into. They fear that by revealing their identities, they could permanently be separated from their children, according to experts and Yazidi survivors. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘All_You_Telecom_Lobbyists_Are_Bound_to_Lose’:_Judge Upholds_California’s_Gold_Standard_Net_Neutrality_Law⠀⇛ “Now we’re one step closer to net neutrality being the law of the land.” o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Devialet:_Navigating_‘the_Wild_West_of_online_sales’ [Ed: The "Sponsored by" part of this post says who paid for such propaganda of robber barons and their lawyers]⠀⇛ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ How_beauty_brands_take_personal_care_of_their_patents [Ed: Patents of so-called 'beauty brands' (not trademarks but patents) serve to show how perverse and laughable patent law has universally become because of lobbying/bribery (law on sale)]⠀⇛ Counsel from three beauty companies explain how they draft better patent claims and why freedom to operate opinions can be challenging # ⚓ Obviousness_of_a_Substitution⠀⇛ The HFCs and HFOs apparently have lower global environmental impact, but lack the lubricant-performance of chlorine-containing CFCs. The invention balances these factors by mixing them all together. The prior art disclosed the combination of A&B and also the combination of B&C, but did not expressly disclose the full three-way combination. Substitution: In its discussion, the court focused on the obviousness of a substitution because the prior art spoke of two forms HFO- 1234yf. One form that only contains HFOs (B only); and another form that includes small amounts of CFCs (B and C). The PTAB and FedCir agreed that, in this case it would have been obvious to start with the A&B combination and then substitute the B&C version of HFO-1234yf in place of the B only version found in the primary reference. The US Supreme Court most recently wrote about obviousness substitutions in KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc., 550 U.S. 398, 416 (2007). # ⚓ Sisvel_v._Haier_II:_Further_insights_on_German judiciary’s_FRAND_approach⠀⇛ IPKat friends, Professor Peter Georg Picht, and PhD student Erik Habich, from the university of Zurich, share with us further insights on the German FRAND approach. Only seven months after the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof) handed down its first decision on the CJEU’s Huawei/ ZTE mechanism for licensing Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) on Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms (FRAND- Einwand; Katpost here), the Antitrust Senate (Kartellsenat) had to decide again, in parallel proceedings between the same parties, and handed down the written reasoning this week. The decision FRAND-Einwand II confirms the Court’s stance taken in FRAND-Einwand. However, the Court clarified several important, additional questions that had been controversial before lower courts: Summarily speaking, the reasoning (i) proposes a process-oriented approach to FRAND as opposed to a content-oriented approach, (ii) reemphasizes the importance of willingness to license, (iii) adds flexibility to the Huawei/ZTE conduct obligations, (iv) asserts that the Court’s position is in accord with Huawei/ZTE and Art. 102 TFEU, and (v) rejects a patent ambush defense against subsequent SEP owners. [...] Almost 20 pages longer than FRAND-Einwand, FRAND-Einwand II devotes roughly one third of the written reasoning to patent infringement. However, this post shall focus on the implementer’s competition law-based right to a compulsory FRAND license, framed as a procedural defense (kartellrechtlicher Zwangslizenzeinwand) against the action for infringement. Regarding market dominance as a prerequisite for the applicability of Art. 102 TFEU (and the parallel provision in German competition law), the Court reiterates its findings on this point from FRAND-Einwand. The Court assumed a separate licensing market for a patent that is (as a matter of fact) essential to the standardized technology and non-substitutable by any alternative product configuration without losing important functionality on the product market. Any mobile communications device that does not implement the teaching would not be competitive. Noteworthily, the Court made less of an effort than in FRAND-Einwandto describe how exactly the invention is essential and non-substitutable (without loss of important functionality), although the case concerned a different standard than FRAND-Einwand. While restating that, despite the legal barrier to market entry created by the patent, exceptional circumstances may prevent a finding of dominance of the SEP- owner, the Court again did not find such circumstances to be present. # ⚓ Impact_of_Brexit_on_IP_law [Ed: This piece spreads falsehoods about UPC, saying "plans are still underway for the Unified Patent Court," which is what they've been saying in vain for a decade or more]⠀⇛ Plans are still underway for the Unified Patent Court, which would enable proprietors of inventions to apply for a single, pan- European Unitary Patent covering most of Europe, and would create a single court to hear and determine patent disputes on a pan- European basis. Whenever the Unified Patent Court is finalised, the UK will not form part of it, and a pan-European Unitary Patent will not cover the UK. # ⚓ “Opt-Out”_–_Companies_With_Business_Interests_in Europe_Need_to_Assess_Their_Patent_Portfolio_Now [Ed: Incredible lies this week about the UPC which_is failing_again_and_again; Squire Patton Boggs wants to make “sales”, so it is lying to clients and the public]⠀⇛ The Unified Patent Court (UPC) is one major step closer to entry into force, as the German upper parliament (Bundesrat) recently voted on and approved… # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ In-house:_FRAND_wars_coming_to_connected_homes [Ed: Software patent wars going after homes now, and patent zealots couldn't be happier (they back trolls, take money from trolls)]⠀⇛ SEP owners and implementers warn that the same battles seen in the automotive industry will soon spread to the IoT # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Denuvo_Cracker_EMPRESS_“Arrested”,_Blames_Repacker FitGirl_&_Reddit_For_Witch-Hunt⠀⇛ Last year, games cracker EMPRESS told pirates that if they wanted Denuvo-protected games cracked and placed online, they would have to help fund that. While controversial, over the past few weeks this proposal has been overshadowed by a catastrophic social-media- fueled meltdown that has culminated – if reports are to be believed – in EMPRESS being targeted by the police. # ⚓ Record_Labels_Blame_YouTube_For_a_Lot_of_Things_But Continue_to_Upload_Music⠀⇛ A UK parliamentary inquiry has once again revealed that many music industry insiders are not happy with YouTube. The platform is a source of piracy and doesn’t pay nearly enough to rightsholders, they claim. On top of that, it’s also seen as an important reason why subscription services such as Spotify can’t raise their prices. Meanwhile, labels continue to upload their music to YouTube. # ⚓ Open_Minds:_Celebrating_Smithsonian_Open_Access_With Effie_Kapsalis⠀⇛ To mark this occasion, we reconnected with Effie Kapsalis (Senior Digital Program Officer, Smithsonian) for our new 20th- anniversary podcast, “Open Minds…from Creative Commons.” ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6995 ➮ Generation completed at 02:33, i.e. 83 seconds to (re)generate ⟲