𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, April 05, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 6 Apr 02:39:41 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmVcJzDwydxRsdrBEoE7ieprrcQgWHRfbAN6LkeYP2GLno QmeMCTKga6Gc9Jauun7YUupAZBj2asqir5j5Y383skr2HP QmUDkM7S8nKeCBcqjF1J1WqKQhBeUg6ckirMnvYYYSEhmL QmVNPxQExEpP4QSgXf39aZaHYfBr16sxUbpV5A8n6o6iuu QmeCsgPX6MV7CCyh4KFweWk65cHTCRdXoUejp7pgQtgiDm QmT3sD7E4z8nzK4tqDm2iAN9rdEQRN2TVetcsYVJtzXw35 QmcjYkx6RyxNc5KYfdiGaUwzwwhudtPJqbH7quCKBTzTmq QmcJTEQCo8C8PEPNccnTtTEqmNWXL5T6wt4cJy2Qi8V24R QmdquhaPfSFCNiLgWpAfp5btpG4xZqsEDiYTUJWmRYbRCb QmQMpGMtduZUgPB6kM5gaAJFCrTTq9uAF7BwwvGhHbhabU QmZKx5MdRst26pF2CyyKi12vx2w2fEiBPxuFKUtWVa8fRW QmeqRbrWZSa9SLLj5WbbtfaaVc1tSLAcgaXD3g25i4ZJAp QmWJUrDJ8Cf9hRZ5fafvtT2j91xgpVXyaC9dSViC9Se3Gs QmPo4ULvpZ9dRioy8uexm42ZvGeU7Y6hfXiMwoKgdmsZLL QmQ1yCXoPDRwKojz9SgfepgmHfpLF28G5JZAArDw23jAfs QmS49zjHhvuzfju3bRewb5YU2Tiq9XxkSHhkAUWE5UZRfp QmcgvE2hahZeHqAkmiPpZShMS6acjd7c2xsqQjst7fwe5C QmabRpXAiu8QWW7aRXPmFosJwFbutc2cqWQN9eDtphmXA1 QmXsxoiXhzCauBSW5BYPY8CvBaXz3tsnmLb2wAaNsdVR2x QmTvzZVS9WvEBmqbe4Uf4KqTAiBjJozeZyTFFTsQ3qeVTj QmZQkUFf5H5GbJxhfB7wDcaMCZsoiuC3iXuGLcbUR5jFkg ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPOLeaks on Misleading the Bundestag - Part 7: Ms Voßhoff Alerts the Bundestag… | Techrights ⦿ Techrights Commends US Supreme Court for Supporting Programmers by Defending Fair Use | Techrights ⦿ Taylor: My Personal Web Site Will Now be Gemini Capsule | Techrights ⦿ Why People Should Nowadays Use a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to Access Gemini Space, Command-Line Stuff Hasn’t Much to Offer for Ordinary Surfers | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Attacking Hydras, Attacking Communities | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, April 04, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ ’Not My Department’: How Privacy Abuses Have Been Treated in Germany | Techrights ⦿ Software Freedom Matters More Than Ever and We Need to Grasp the Misconceptions About It | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/bundestagate-part-7/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/defending-fair-use/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-capsule/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-graphical-user-interface/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/giafam-shot-in-foot/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/irc-log-040421/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/not-my-department-in-germany/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/software-freedom-misconceptions/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/librerating-games/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/mageia-8/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 69 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/bundestagate-part-7/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/bundestagate-part-7/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_7:_Ms_Voßhoff_Alerts_the Bundestag…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 4:19 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_1:_How_the_Bundestag_Was_(and_Continues_to be)_Misled_About_EPO_Affairs 2. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_2:_Lack_of_Parliamentary_Oversight,_Many Questions_and_Few_Answers… 3. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_3:_A_“Minor_Interpellation”_in_the_German Bundestag 4. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_4:_Parroting_the_GDPR-Compliance_Myth 5. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_5:_The_Federal_Eagle’s_Disconcerting Metamorphosis 6. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_6:_Dr_Petri_Starts_the_Ball Rolling… 7. You are here ☞ Ms Voßhoff Alerts the Bundestag… 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Federal Data Protection Commissioner⦈ Summary: In July 2015, the Federal Data Protection Commissioner notified the Bundestag of her concerns As is well known, the EPO made headlines in Germany in June 2015 following revelations about covert_surveillance conducted by the Benoît_Battistelli‘s notorious "Investigative_Unit" which was reported to have deployed hidden cameras and key loggers in a manner that would have been illegal under EU and national data protection law in Germany. Media reports about the EPO spy-scandal persuaded Ms Voßhoff to dust off the EPO file and renew her efforts to have this rogue organisation called to account by the Federal German authorities. “Media reports about the EPO spy-scandal persuaded Ms Voßhoff to dust off the EPO file and renew her efforts to have this rogue organisation called to account by the Federal German authorities.”In July 2015, Ms Voßhoff proceeded to write to Ms_Renate_Kunast, the Chairperson of the Legal Affairs Committee of the German Federal Parliament (the “Bundestag”) to bring her concerns to the attention of German parliamentarians. The text of Ms_Voßhoff’s_letter [PDF] reads as follows (in translation): I was made aware of the issue of the lack of independent external data protection supervision of the European Patent Office (EPO) by the Bavarian State Commissioner for Data Protection. My efforts to improve data protection supervision at the EPO have so far been have so far been unsuccessful. I would therefore like to draw the attention of the German Bundestag to the problem. The European Patent Office is an organ of the European Patent Organisation (EPO) established by the European Patent Convention (EPC) and endowed with legal personality. It is therefore a supranational institution based on an international treaty with its headquarters in Munich and offices in The Hague, Berlin, Vienna and Brussels. Vienna and Brussels with about 6,800 employees. The contracting states are 38 European countries, including all EU member states. The legal nature of the EPO means that there is no data protection supervision by an independent external body. Neither the Bavarian State Commissioner for Data Protection nor I can derive any competence from state or federal data protection law. The EPO is neither a public body of the State of Bavaria nor of the Federal Republic of Germany. The European Data Protection Supervisor is also ruled out as an independent supervisory body, as the EPO is neither an institution nor a body of the European Union. Even if, according to the EPO’s internal data protection officer, internal data protection regulations have been in place at the EPO since 1992, in particular based on the Data Protection Directive 95/ 46 EC, a lack of independent external data protection supervision is also taken as given from the EPO perspective. In the interest of safeguarding the data protection rights of those affected, I have contacted the responsible Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV) with the request to examine measures to close this supervisory and oversight gap, for example by means of a corresponding amendment to the EPC. The BMJV has not yet taken up this suggestion. It refers to the necessity of a diplomatic conference of all 38 contracting states of the EPC for such an institutional reform of the EPC. This time- consuming procedure would not permit an amendment in the short term. However, the Federal Ministry of Justice gives an assurance that it will continue to advocate, within the scope of its possibilities, compliance with and further development of high data protection standards and an independent data protection structure in its committee work within the EPO. Although I have some understanding for the BMJV’s position, the permanent absence of an independent external supervisory authority for data protection matters nevertheless poses a risk – that should not be underestimated – to the fundamental right to informational self-determination of the persons concerned given the processing of a large amount of personal data of applicants and staff at the EPO. This risk is rendered apparent by a case that has now received press coverage. In an article dated 8 June 2015 (see attachment), the Süddeutsche Zeitung reported allegations that two publicly accessible computers at the EPO were placed under surveillance with so-called keyloggers and video cameras without the persons concerned being informed. Due to the current legal situation, no independent data protection supervisory authority can investigate these allegations. Moreover, those potentially affected, in particular members of the Administrative Council, patent attorneys, employees and visitors to the EPO, lack any possibility of turning to an independent body capable of enforcing their rights to informational self- determination. In view of the prevailing factual and legal situation, I would be grateful if the Legal Affairs Committee would address the issue in a supportive manner. The Legal Affairs Committee of the Bundestag reacted to Ms Voßhoff’s letter by placing_the_matter_on_its_agenda_for_a_meeting_scheduled_to_take_place_in October_2015 [PDF]. It seemed that the Legal Affairs Committee was gearing up to investigate the worrying “supervisory and oversight gap” identified by Ms Voßhoff. “As far as can be determined from the available evidence, the authors of this intrigue were the duplicitous Tweedledum and Tweedledee duo of the EPO‑Federal Justice Ministry nexus, Raimund Lutz and Christoph Ernst.”However, as we shall see in due course, Ms Voßhoff’s efforts to have the deficiencies in the EPO’s data protection framework subjected to meaningful parliamentary scrutiny were derailed by what appears to have been a nefarious behind-the-scenes intrigue. As far as can be determined from the available evidence, the authors of this intrigue were the duplicitous Tweedledum_and_Tweedledee duo of the EPO‑Federal Justice Ministry nexus, Raimund_Lutz and Christoph_Ernst. Before delving into the details of the intrigue which derailed Ms Voßhoff’s initiative, we will make a detour to look more closely at these two individuals and their respective roles in EPO affairs over the last two decades. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢟⡿⠹⢿⣿⡯⣭⢹⣿⢩⡏⣭⣝⢿⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣁⡑⣬⣿⣿⡇⣷⡎⣷⢸⣷⣿⡿⣸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣇⡒⡊⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⡜⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⡄⢀⡀⠻⠿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⢻⣇⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠁⠀⣠⣷⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣆⣀⣾⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡅⣼⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⣴⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣾⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠓⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣠⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⠀⠀⢸⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⡬⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⡤⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣃⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⡄⠀⡼⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⡿⠀⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠭⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣠⣷⡀⣇⡰⠀⠀⠤⣶⣿⠟⠀⠁⠐⠇⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⢤⣾⣻⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠟⢿⡂⠀⢉⣭⣵⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠟⢫⣹⣿⡏⣦⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠊⠀⠀⠀⢰⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⣠⠒⢃⣀⣦⣩⣿⣤⣀⣤⣦⣤⣀⢀⣨⠍⠉⠛⠿⠿⣫⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣵⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢛⡁⠀⢀⣀⣴⡿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡷⠛⠋⠒⠒⠂⣄⡹⢿⢕⣼⢻⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠰⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠋⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣷⣼⣾⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣾⣷⢻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠋⠙⠁⠈⢟⣽⣾⣶⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠰⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⡤⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⢀⠐⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠈⠉⢻⣿⣿⠿⠋⢁⣠⣶⣿⣆⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⠾⠋⠁⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠸⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 281 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/defending-fair-use/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/defending-fair-use/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Techrights_Commends_US_Supreme_Court_for_Supporting_Programmers_by_Defending Fair_Use⠀✐ Posted in Antitrust, Google, Intellectual_Monopoly at 11:10 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Stephen Breyer, U.S. Supreme Court judge⦈ Summary: Stephen Breyer (above), the author of the latest big decision after an 11-year legal battle, is once again doing the right thing from a software developer’s perspective; only two Justices opposed this decision or dissented Copyright maximalists have suffered a blow; as it turns out, on a holiday, SCOTUS did the right thing by deciding that copyrights on APIs are a disservice to society. As LWN put_it, a “long saga of Oracle’s copyright-infringement against Google, which copied much of the Java API for use in Android, has come to an end” (no appeals anymore). “Although Google itself is a monopoly, a decision against Google in this case would have devastated software development in general, no matter if proprietary or Free software.”A law firms-funded site said “a 6-2 decision authored by Justice Breyer, the Supreme Court has held that Google’s copying of the JAVA API naming convention was a fair use as a matter of law.” Another Oracle proponent said: “This decision was supportd [sic] by six of the nine justices.” Slam dunk. Press coverage is starting to come out, e.g. HotHardware. Today isn’t just a bright sunny day but also a holiday and an epic milestone in the battle against copyright maximalists and software monopolists. Although Google itself is a monopoly, a decision against Google in this case would have devastated software development in general, no matter if proprietary or Free software. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢸⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣧⢼⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠙⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠘⢸⣿⠏⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣽⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠸⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠻⠿⠛⠓⠿⠒⠸⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣹⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢺⡇⢺⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⢹⣿⣸⡿⢹⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⡿⢸⡇⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠏⠿⠏⠛⠉⠉⠀⠉⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⡿⢸⡇⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠭⠥⠤⠤⠶⠶⠦⠂⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢻⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠶⠶⠖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⢠⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠐⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣟⣛⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢻⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢼⣿⣼⣿⢸⡇⢸⡅⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣈⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢄⠀⣿⣏⢼⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣏⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣤⠤⠤⠖⢀⣒⣀⣤⣤⠼⠉⠄⣠⣶⡿⣵⣷⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢮⣿⣷⣟⢏⡀⠒⡈⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣭⣵⡶⠚⣛⡥⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣧⡜⢻⣤⠐⣫⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠐⠀⠗⢸⣀⡉⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣧⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣆⣿⣿⣿⣀⠻⣿⣌⠙⣿⣿⠸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⢿⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⡎⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⠈⡌⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠑⡙⣿⣷⣽⣿⡊⠿⠀⠸⠟⠸⠛⠈⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠁⠈⡜⠀⠀⡇⠀⣾⣿⣇⢻⣷⢹⣄⠡⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣻⣿⣢⢻⡘⡟⣿⡝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠁⠀⣼⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣷⣿⣆⣲⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣇⠘⢾⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡏⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡸⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⠈⡎⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣹⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣧⢹⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠸⡈⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⢸⠹⣇⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢷⠈⣿⣦⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⡇⡇⢻⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢹⣷⡀⣦⢹⣿⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⡇⢸⡿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣷⠹⣦⣿⡎⢷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢹⣿⣷⡆⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⢰⣿⣿⡇⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀ ⢻⣿⢿⣷⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠁⢟⣇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠹⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠸⣧⠀⢿⣿⠇⢈⣇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⢶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⠽⠿ ⣿⣿⡈⡿⢟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢹⣿⠀⢸⣿⠈⢿⣿⣷⠀⢻⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⣿⠀⠈⡷⠁⡾⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠉⣉⣉⣭⣭⠀⠰⠶⠶ ⢻⡿⡇⠀⠅⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠈⢻⡀⠸⣿⡄⢸⣿⣿⠀⠘⣿⣧⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⠀⢹⣷⣼⠉⡿⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣛⣤⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤ ⠀⡟⣷⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢠⣾⢇⠀⣻⡇⠈⣿⣿⣦⠀⢹⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⠈⢆⠱⣿⣿⡼⠃⠌⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡦⣧⡽⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⣼⣦⠱⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠈⣿⣷⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡀⠘⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⡔⠁⣸⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢾⣿⠀⢐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⢿⣝⣻⣧⢿⣀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠀⠸⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣷⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡃⡇⡖⢆⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣾⣿⢿⡿⠚⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣹⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡹⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠻⡫⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠫⣽⣛⣿⣭⣝⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⢸⠂⠘⠣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣷⢚⣛⣡⡿⠁⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣫⣯⣼⣟⣿⣿⣿⡧⣻⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠙⠢⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣟⣻⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⡇⠀⠀⠈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣿⣸⣶⡆⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⢳⠀⠀⠀⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢠⣟⡿⠂⢬⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣌⠠⡘⣿⣿⠙⢿⣿⣮⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡆⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣏⣤⠀⣠⡾⠿⠿⢿⡿⠏⠁⠀⢀⣾⠟⠀⠀⢈⢑⣿⣷⢿⣻⣿⡿⡭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⢘⢫⣶⢊⠻⣿⣟⣮⡹⢿⣏⢛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⠲⡌⠊⠘⣿⣟⣿⢯⣐⡭⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣾⣯⡁⢠⡛⠿⣾⣟⢪⣭⣾⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠸⡔⠀⠸⢿⣿⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣙⢿⣿⣿⣾⣛⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣄⠀⠀⢩⠀⠀⠘⠋⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢹⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⠞⠛⠁⠀⢠⡈⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢛⡀⢿⠃⠀⠈⢿⣿⢄⡛⠉⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⢸⡇⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠻⠬⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣠⣤⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠸⡄⠒⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠒⢦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠠⣼⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⠀⢠⣴⡟⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢈⣁⣘⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣄⣀⠘⠷⢄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣄⣆⡻⣔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠿⠶⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣄⢻⣁⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠰⠆⠂⠂⠈⣿⠿⣿⡏⠹⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠲⣬⣤⣐⠒⠶⢶⢤⡘⣿⣫⠗⡙⢊⢆⠠⡀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣖⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠅⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢲⢤⣤⣤⡉⠉⠓⠒⢪⡖⠏⠒⠈⡜⢣⢻⡀⠓⢦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣼ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 380 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-capsule/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-capsule/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Taylor:_My_Personal_Web_Site_Will_Now_be_Gemini_Capsule⠀✐ Posted in Videos at 7:53 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Published hours_ago Summary: Derek Taylor (better known as “DistroTube”) is cutting down the (Web) fats by moving everything to Gemini, treating the World Wide Web as merely a mirror of his Gemini capsule ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 405 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-graphical-user-interface/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/gemini-graphical-user-interface/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Why_People_Should_Nowadays_Use_a_Graphical_User_Interface_(GUI)_to_Access Gemini_Space,_Command-Line_Stuff_Hasn’t_Much_to_Offer_for_Ordinary_Surfers⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software at 6:02 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/gui-gemini-comparison.webm Summary: Many terminal/CLI applications exist for accessing Gemini capsules, but at this stage (2 years after Gemini started) the graphical front ends offer more for less, which is why I’ve mostly stopped using anything but Lagrange and Moonlander Browsers/clients for Gemini protocol (gemini://) have rapidly improved over the past year. Even though many terminal-based clients do exist and are easy to install, in the name of usability it’s better to use a GUI. The existing ones don’t take up much memory (RAM) because Gemini is nowhere as bloated as the World Wide Web. “We’ve included a list of Gemini clients below, copied from a reference page.”In this video I compare existing GUIs to a popular ncurses/terminal application. Nothing is perfect, but we’ve reached the point where Gemini specification is mature enough and software for it is sufficiently well tested. We’ve thus gone far enough to become mainstream; Gemini seems to be ready for the general public, not just for geeks. We’ve included a list of Gemini clients below, copied from a reference page. █ Terminal Amfora (Go) – “fancy” terminal client. Asuka (Rust) – an NCurses-based Gemini client. AV-98 (Python) – Gemini client derived from the popular VF-1 Gopher client. bollux (Bash) – bash Gemini client. bombadillo (Go) – combined Gopher, Gemini, Finger, and File client with vim- inspired key mappings. cgmnlm (C) – colorful gemini line-mode client, fork of gmni. diohsc (Haskell) – simple line-based command-response terminal user interface with ANSI colour. Elpher (Emacs) – combined Gopher and Gemini client for the popular text editor / operating system. gem.awk (Awk) – minimal but usable interactive Gemini client in < 250 LOC of Awk. gemini-demo-1 (Python) – minimal but usable interactive Gemini client in < 100 LOC of Python 3. gemini-demo-2 (Lua) – minimal but usable interactive Gemini client in < 100 LOC of Lua. gemini-demo-3 (Go) – minimal but usable interactive Gemini client in not quite < 100 LOC of Go. gemini-fetch (Node.js) – cURL-like CLI for loading content from Gemini URLs. gmni (C) – CLI utility (like curl) and line-mode browser. min (Go) – supports advanced features like input and client certificate generation. ncgopher (Rust) – gopher and gemini client for the modern internet. GUI (desktop) Agregore – (Electron.js) – peer to peer web browser with support for loading Gemini pages. Alrisha (QML) – QML-based Gemini client. Castor (Rust) – graphical Gemini client using GTK. Fafi (Racket) – graphical Gemini browser written in Racket. Lagrange (C) – desktop GUI client with inline image viewing, multiple tabs, bookmarks and more. Moonlander (Rust) – the fanciest Gemini client in the entire solar system. Kristall (C++) – graphical Gopher and Gemini client using QT. spacewar (Electron.js) – Gemini browser running on Electron. Mobile Ariane (Kotlin/Java) – Gemini protocol client for Android based OS. Deedum (Dart) – an Android and iOS client made with Flutter. Elaho (Swift) – full featured Gemini protocol browser for iOS. Gem (Python) – Gemini client for Ubuntu Touch. Xenia (Java) – Gemini proxy for Android. Phaedra (Java) – Gemini client for Android supporting even very old ones; author recommends using Ariana if a current Android is at hand. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 509 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/giafam-shot-in-foot/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/giafam-shot-in-foot/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ [Meme]_Attacking_Hydras,_Attacking_Communities⠀✐ Posted in FSF, GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 8:10 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz “The rational argument by IBM, and their fellow mutually interested global giant corporations, is “YOU DO AS WE SAY, OR NO MONEY COMING TO YOU“. This is what every democracy in the planet has been reduced to, every democratic process that “tolerated” money/funding to be part of the decision making process.” “FSF_Richard_M._Stallman_and_the_gangsters_of_the_globe” (published a couple of hours ago) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_more_you_attack_it,_the_more_you_vindicate_it⦈_ Summary: Last month’s attack on the FSF’s insistence on its mission statement was a spectacular_shot_in_foot, revealing several corporations and their front groups for what they were all along ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⢻⢛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣻⣝⠛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⠛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣿⡛⣛⣓⣀⣤⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣠⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⡠⠛⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⠀⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣼⡇⣿⣭⢺⡸⣿⠇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢹⣿⢀⢹⡇⢸⡟⣷⢸⡇⠿⢸⣿⣟⠀⢸⣿⠈⣿⢀⠀⠀⢀⠴⢿⡅⣠⣾⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⢸⡿⣿⣧⠌⢸⡇⣿⢿⠟⢿⣿⠇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣤⠉⠁⣿⠀⢿⣼⢇⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⢸⣿⠘⢸⡇⢸⡟⣿⠸⣧⡿⢸⡿⣿⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⠘⠋⠀⠠⣴⣾⣿⡿⠟⢁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠾⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠘⣶⡃⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠛⣴⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⡇⠐⢠⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⣬⣽⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣚⣛⣛⣩⣥⣤⣶⡆⣴⣶⣴⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣠⠌⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⠀⠚⢟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢱⣶⡖⠀⢀⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢔⣀⣮⣷⣾⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⣤⣖⡶⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣶⣤⣄⣀⠠⣀⠁⣀⣉⠹⡿⣿⣿⣋⣝⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⡏⢂⡁⠍⠛⠿⢿⣿⢆⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠠⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠋⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣋⣑⣨⣃⣶⡦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣨⣧⣼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣿⡿⡿⣿⠿⡁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⡟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣆⠘⠿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣀⠠⠛⢀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢟⣶⣾⡾⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠈⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⡿⣻⣴⣶⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⣿⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡃⢠⡇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⡠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠖⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡍⠩⠩⠹⠛⠽⠿⡿⣿⣿⣷⣸⣄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣤⡤⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⠈⠻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢻⣿⣿⡿⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣝⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠉⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿ ⠸⣿⣿⣤⣀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠋⠀⠀⠛⠋⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣛⣷⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⣤⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠀⡠⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠁⠩⠛⠿⠽⣿⣦⣮⣧⣤⣼⣕⣀⣀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⠐⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⢉⠻⡨⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⡰⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠊⠛⠛⣛⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠉⣤⣤⡤⣤⢠⡄⣤⣤⠘⢫⣭⢫⣭⢛⣭⣭⡛⣭⣥⡁⣤⣥⠌⣥⣠⡄⣭⢯⡝⣭⣭⣭⣟⣭⣍⣭⣭⡝⣭⢫⡍⣭⢭⡝⣤⡌⣥⢤⡼⣭⣭⢫⣭⣭⢭⣭⡝⡏⣭⢩⣭⣭⠻ ⡟⠉⡁⠀⠠⣤⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⢾⡇⣿⡷⠀⢸⡿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢾⡇⣿⠾⠀⠸⣿⠁⣿⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣿⡿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⡗⣿⢘⡃⣿⣹⡞⢸⡇⢸⡷⠆⡀⣿⠀⣿⡇⣵ ⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⣹⣀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠿⠸⠇⠿⠷⠀⠸⠇⠿⠿⠘⠿⠿⠃⠿⠸⠇⠿⠶⠈⠀⠿⠠⣻⠾⠃⠻⠿⠏⢰⠸⠿⢇⣿⠇⠿⡹⠇⢿⠾⢇⣿⣇⠿⠾⠣⢿⡹⠇⠸⠇⡸⠷⠆⠁⠿⠀⠿⠃⠹ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣤⣘⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠈⣭⣌⣉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠠⠈⠋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 572 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/irc-log-040421/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/irc-log-040421/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_April_04,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:05 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmNPcR63e4URsLmYf92HEHwTrxnvFSzkzv5etvin2yWAeD #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmSbdV9PPQUKwUq3sRR2ZE1nVvQ6bq569aZiPD47mkHt5S (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmSZbdpWPMKRWPpA9UHw5f1xXo1vYc84zVvT5SuB7mFnvM social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmbV8KG2kjiksAKQS9a38ytJB3HxedTsF6sTC3Xozs6EYj social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qma7YTGYMdpFYaw3RTGpmDjFNPHNB9vddX8zjXoBUhtmod #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmQHKJCK9TzWMJqg6QnGV2qAP2fBS7EpnRCFp9H4YUZm4P (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmPoVjLaSfGUEXmgTgf9xfTckdx6qbPJM6VV6jf71suYeY #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmbsYtkxWKxG6LQf8of9y81TevjAZETDiVmdwFbJNmv1XY (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmZQkUFf5H5GbJxhfB7wDcaMCZsoiuC3iXuGLcbUR5jFkg ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 686 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/not-my-department-in-germany/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/not-my-department-in-germany/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ ‘Not_My_Department’:_How_Privacy_Abuses_Have_Been_Treated_in_Germany⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 5:08 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-no-my-department.webm Summary: The affairs of Dr Thomas Petri, Ms Voßhoff Andrea and Dr Stefanie Hubig (for Heiko Maas) show that nobody in Germany is really in charge of privacy, especially as far as Europe’s second-largest institution (based in Germany) is concerned IN part_6, which was published a few hours ago, we took a look back at the Benoît_Battistelli‘s EPO when it was flagrantly breaking privacy laws, whereupon a letter from the Bavarian Data Protection Commissioner was sent (in May 2014). The complaint was originally sent to him in April and only in December the government (central) got back to him, in effect doing nothing of substance. Many comedies have been made over the years about this sort of situation, ranging from Tom_Lehrer‘s song about Wernher_von_Braun to entire TV shows (below). █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Not My Department⦈ Not_My_Department ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢱⠁⡏⡍⠅⣽⡇⠘⡁⡍⢏⣿⢠⡶⠘⣍⣏⡍⢫⢩⢩⡍⡍⡍⣍⢫⣹⢩⠉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⠾⠷⠷⠶⠶⠿⠶⠾⠶⠣⠿⠷⠶⠶⠷⠶⠰⠾⠶⠾⠾⠷⠶⠷⠶⠶⠾⠿⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢻⠿⡿⠿⡿⠻⠛⠟⠿⠿⠟⠻⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣷⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣴⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣈⣌⣁⣸⣀⡠⢉⣟⣀⣉⡉⣉⣉⣩⣈⣍⣉⣉⣉⣈⣇⣉⣏⣹⣕⣊⣉⣝⣹⣁⣈⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡻⠛⠟⡿⢿⢻⢟⠟⢿⠟⠛⣟⢟⢿⠿⣿⡿⠟⡻⠟⡟⢿⠟⢻⡛⠿⢻⢟⠟⢿⢛⡛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⡷⣾⢷⣷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠛⠟⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⢿⠿⢿⢛⢟⡟⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣠⣸⣅⣏⣦⣸⣗⣅⣸⣇⣾⣗⣃⣠⣩⣱⣣⣷⣽⣇⣶⣁⣸⣀⣰⣕⣍⣹⣏⣈⣀⣨⣨⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠷⡾⠾⠿⠶⡿⠶⡷⠾⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡛⠛⠙⢻⠟⣿⠻⢛⠛⠋⠛⣿⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⡏⠛⢛⠛⠻⣻⡟⠛⣻⣯⡍⠻⢻⡋⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣦⣶⣶⣴⣷⣧⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠾⣿⣷⡿⣷⣿⡾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⠾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⢿⠾⠾⣾⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡉⡉⡉⠉⣉⠉⡝⣽⢉⢹⡋⣋⠉⠉⣉⢹⣿⡩⡋⣫⡋⡫⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣥⣥⣵⣤⣴⣷⣼⣬⣧⣦⣤⣴⣥⣤⣤⣤⣧⣮⣤⣵⣤⣼⣧⣵⣤⣼⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠍⠛⣛⠛⠛⡟⠋⡝⢿⠉⡿⣛⠛⢛⢻⢏⠙⠟⠟⢇⣲⣸⠉⡟⠛⡟⠋⡛⢟⠛⣿⠛⡛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣦⣦⣧⣤⣤⣴⣴⣾⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣦⣿⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢷⠿⠿⠿⠷⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠉⠉⠹⣟⢙⢹⠉⠉⠉⠋⡋⣋⠋⣻⣿⣿⣿⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣧⣧⣇⣾⣤⣼⣿⣤⣤⣥⣤⣼⣯⣦⣷⣥⣼⣬⣴⣤⣤⣼⣼⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠿⠿⢿⣿⢿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠱⠉⣫⡋⠉⠀⠉⣩⣿⣉⠉⢩⢹⡫⣉⢹⡩⣡⡏⣩⡋⣹⠈⣫⡈⠈⠁⣽⡏⣫⠍⠍⠉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣤⣤⣬⣷⣴⣼⣤⣬⣦⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠟⢿⠿⡟⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢹⢹⣿⠻⠟⠿⠿⡟⠿⣿⠻⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣧⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣉⣁⡉⣿⣍⣉⣸⣍⣉⣉⣅⣁⣉⡉⣿⣀⣸⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣹⣈⣠⣉⣈⣉⣉⣩⣍⣹⣈⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣸⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⢟⠻⢻⠿⡟⢿⢝⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢩⠛⠛⣿⠻⠻⡋⠛⠛⡟⠛⡛⠛⢛⠛⠋⡟⡟⠛⢛⣛⢿⣯⠛⢛⠻⡻⡛⡟⢛⢻⢫⠟⠻⡛⠋⢛⣿⣿⢸⣑⣈⣅⠉⣈⣉⣁⣸⣉⣉⣈⣉⣍⣉⣈⣻⣿⣑⣃⣑⣺⣀⣁⣉⣉⣈⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢾⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⢶⡾⣶⣶⡿⢷⣶⣿⡿⢿⡷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⢸⢟⠻⠟⠿⠻⠿⠟⢻⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣴⣔⣤⣴⣴⣧⣦⣼⣧⣷⣤⣼⣶⣵⣤⣤⣤⣴⣹⣧⣦⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣴⣿⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣶⣶⣷⣤⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⠶⠶⣶⡶⡶⢶⢾⢶⢿⢿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠙⠙⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⡛⡏⠙⢛⡛⠛⡛⠛⡛⠻⢿⠛⢙⠋⢹⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⡏⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣬⣦⣦⣾⣿⣵⣤⣿⣬⣦⣽⣭⣤⣤⣵⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⢷⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⢿⡿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣭⣮⣬⣼⣤⣧⣿⣤⣦⣤⣧⣽⣦⣀⣿⣯⣴⣿⣥⣤⣼⣯⣤⣼⣥⣤⣼⣥⣴⣦⣴⣤⣷⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡉⠉⠩⣟⢝⡍⠉⢹⣟⣝⠭⠉⠉⠩⡟⡉⢹⡏⠙⢩⢝⠉⠉⠹⣿⢹⡏⠉⢭⢻⠙⡍⣝⣭⠉⠉⣭⢽⢩⣽⣯⠋⢉⠍⡝⣽⢉⡉⠙⠝⢙⢹⡏⡫⣋⠉⡏⠩⠩⣻⠋⡉⠋⢹⠙⢝⡏⡍⢩⡋⣫⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠾⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⣿⠟⠻⢻⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠻⠻⣿⡟⡟⡟⠻⢿⠿⠻⠻⢿⣟⠻⠿⠻⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣾⣾⣷⣴⣾⣯⣦⣿⣦⣶⣷⣽⣴⣶⣦⣿⣷⣶⣷⣴⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣧⣾⣷⣦⣧⣿⣵⣦⣾⣾⣮⣦⣷⣶⣦⣾⣦⣷⣯⣾⣦⣦⣦⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣵⣴⣦⣶⣼⣧⣾⣶⣴⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣉⢉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣸⣉⣉⣇⣜⣉⣈⣉⣩⡘⣿⣙⣿⣉⣩⣉⣙⣽⣉⣍⣉⣈⣁⣋⣩⣁⣿⣉⣭⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣏⣩⣁⣉⠉⣙⣙⣙⣌⣈⡍⢹⣏⣩⣉⣀⣯⣉⣋⣏⣿⣁⣝⣉⣹⣈⣉⣿⣌⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢻⡟⢿⠿⠿⢿⢻⣿⠻⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢻⢿⠻⠻⠿⣿⡟⠻⠿⣿⢿⠻⣻⠟⢻⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢻⡿⠿⢿⡿⡿⡟⠟⣿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠟⢿⢿⢿⠛⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠻⠿⣿⣛⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣼⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣦⣼⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⢷⣷⣶⣦⣶⣾⣦⣾⣶⣷⣿⣦⣴⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣆⣀⣋⣰⣺⣀⣁⣿⣎⣀⣘⣿⣎⣇⣀⣸⣖⣀⣁⣁⣁⣿⣺⣕⣑⣰⣅⣁⣳⣿⣱⣿⣀⣀⣀⣮⢺⣁⣀⣸⣷⣌⣀⣁⣔⣀⣀⢈⣘⣿⣿⣿⣤⣀⣪⣾⣈⣇⣸⣪⣁⣑⣰⣅⣵⣏⣈⣪⣀⣁⣁⣱⣀⣁⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠻⠻⡟⡻⠛⠛⢛⣿⡟⢛⠟⢻⠙⠛⡟⡛⠻⣟⠛⠉⠛⢛⣟⢻⠛⢛⠟⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⡟⠋⣟⡛⠛⢻⢟⢛⡟⠛⡟⠛⡛⣟⠛⢹⢟⢿⠛⠛⠙⡻⠻⡟⢛⡟⢻⠋⠛⣟⠛⠛⣛⠛⠻⠻⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⠾⢷⣿⣶⣗⢺⢻⠷⢾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⢷⣾⣷⣶⣶⡿⣿⣷⢾⣶⡶⣷⣿⣷⢷⣶⣾⣷⣷⡿⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⡷⠶⣷⣿⣶⣾⡷⠷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⢿⣶⡷⣷⡷⣶⠷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣦⣤⣦⣦⣼⣿⣶⣾⣿⣴⣥⣿⣴⣤⣤⣼⣥⣧⣤⣦⣧⣤⣴⣤⣭⣦⣤⣤⣿⣦⣤⣴⣆⣼⣶⣴⣤⣦⣤⣴⣤⣜⣧⣦⣤⣴⣦⣼⣧⣧⣮⣼⣀⣤⣤⣴⣼⣧⣿⣾⣤⣦⣿⣤⣦⣀⣀⣿⣮⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡉⠛⠙⡛⡛⠹⡏⠙⢻⡛⠻⠛⠛⢿⡏⠙⠛⡛⣻⠛⢻⠉⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡛⠛⢻⡏⠙⠙⣛⡟⠛⡛⢻⡟⠛⠛⢻⡏⠙⠻⠛⠛⡛⡛⠛⣟⠭⠛⡛⣗⣺⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣨⠉⢉⢹⡍⡉⠉⣽⡟⢩⢙⢙⡏⢨⡋⣻⢉⣩⢈⢹⡫⣡⡏⣭⡉⠉⣙⣓⣭⡉⣩⣍⡉⠉⣽⢍⣸⡱⣉⣽⠍⢉⣝⢝⡇⢏⠉⣉⣈⢽⣗⡍⡉⡉⣯⢉⢉⢩⣿⣯⣿⡇⠹⡉⣩⡯⢹⠉⣡⠍⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠟⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠻⢿⠟⣿⠿⡿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠛⠿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠻⠿⠻⠿⠿⠻⣿⡿⢿⠿⠻⠿⡿⠿⢻⠻⠿⠿⢻⣟⢻⠿⡿⠿⢻⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣼⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣼⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣹⣈⣅⣸⢉⣏⣉⣘⣏⡉⡉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣹⣉⣉⣉⣏⣋⣍⣇⣨⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣻⣈⣹⣜⣈⣉⣿⣍⣁⣉⣯⣩⣸⣉⡿⣋⣩⣁⣈⣉⡝⣿⣹⣅⣨⣉⣙⡉⢁⣽⣿⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠻⠻⠻⡟⡻⢻⢻⡻⠛⢿⠛⢟⢟⠻⢟⠻⠻⣻⡟⠟⢻⡟⠛⠻⠛⡿⠻⠟⡟⠛⠛⡟⠟⠟⠟⢟⣟⢻⣿⠻⠻⠻⣻⠟⠟⢟⠟⠟⢻⢛⠻⠿⢻⡿⠻⡻⡿⠻⠻⡟⢹⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣦⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣼⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣦⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢩⠛⠛⣿⠻⠻⡋⠛⠛⡟⡻⡛⠛⣛⠟⠛⠛⠻⡋⡟⠛⣻⡟⡝⣛⡛⠋⡻⠻⢻⡏⣿⣿⢛⠽⠙⣍⡟⡻⡻⡟⡝⡙⢫⣿⠉⠛⠟⠻⣻⠻⢟⠛⢛⠛⡟⣛⠻⢛⠟⠟⠹⠟⣟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣾⢾⣷⡷⣶⡷⣾⣿⢶⣿⣿⣶⣾⢺⢶⣿⠾⣿⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⡿⣾⣷⣿⠾⢾⢷⣿⢾⣾⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⡾⣶⢿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣦⣠⣤⣴⣤⣼⣴⣦⣷⣤⣧⣷⣤⣤⣾⣼⣿⣾⣾⣤⣤⣶⣤⣤⣄⣸⣦⣧⣤⣤⣴⣥⣼⣠⣴⣦⣤⣤⣦⣼⣤⣴⣾⣼⣤⣤⣴⣼⣧⣽⣦⣤⣾⣧⣼⣤⣾⣧⣤⣾⣧⣵⣦⣤⣶⣤⣤⣦⣼⣴⣷⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢻⠛⠋⡟⢻⣻⠩⢻⢻⠛⠋⡏⠟⢻⠛⠛⢛⣛⢻⣏⢿⠛⠹⡟⠋⠹⣠⣐⣿⡹⠻⡟⠙⠛⠛⠟⢹⡟⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢹⠛⡟⡟⡟⠛⠛⣿⢭⠋⠏⣿⠍⠉⡫⣻⢛⠙⠛⠛⠛⢛⠻⢗⣚⣺⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⣷⢿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢷⠿⡟⡛⠛⠛⣻⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣤⣮⣧⣥⣤⣵⣭⣤⣼⣴⣴⣴⣤⣤⣦⣬⣧⣦⣤⣼⣤⣧⣤⣌⣿⣤⣰⣧⣽⣧⣧⣴⣤⣵⣥⣤⣼⣥⣤⣴⣾⣶⣷⣾⣧⣿⣤⣼⣯⣦⣤⣧⣤⣷⣥⣤⣾⣤⣤⣾⣯⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣫⠉⢩⣝⠉⠉⠉⢉⠍⠉⡉⣟⢽⡍⠍⢝⢝⠉⠉⣿⡼⠉⠉⣹⠋⣿⠉⣝⣯⠉⣟⢭⣼⠉⠉⣿⣯⣫⠍⠉⢹⡏⡻⠉⠉⡋⣯⠋⠍⠹⣏⠉⢉⢭⢹⠉⠟⢉⢽⡉⠉⡉⡿⠉⡩⡫⣹⢉⠉⢉⡙⡋⣫⠉⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠾⠟⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡟⡟⣿⣟⡓⢿⢿⡟⣻⠻⢛⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⣿⠟⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠻⠿⡿⢿⠿⠟⢿⢿⢿⡟⡿⣿⣿⢻⡻⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣧⣶⣴⣵⣵⣷⣴⣷⣶⣦⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣼⣷⣽⣵⣮⣷⢵⢼⣷⣾⣦⣶⣦⣮⣿⣴⣷⣴⣧⣦⣶⣷⣼⣴⣧⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣼⣷⣶⣵⣴⣿⣧⣶⣮⣿⣼⣴⣴⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣉⣀⣉⣭⡇⣙⣏⣉⣏⣁⣉⣏⣹⣉⣈⣋⣉⣈⣉⣹⣯⣉⣉⣸⣋⣿⣍⣉⣸⣿⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 789 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/05/software-freedom-misconceptions/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/05/software-freedom-misconceptions/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Software_Freedom_Matters_More_Than_Ever_and_We_Need_to_Grasp_the Misconceptions_About_It⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, Microsoft at 12:17 pm by Guest Editorial Team Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/software-freedom-perspective.webm Summary: A long ramble about the situation we’re currently in and why the fight for Software Freedom must go on; we’re winning on many fronts (GNU/Linux already dominates a lot of sectors), losing on some, and that’s why software monopolies (current and past_digital/tech_"masters") are increasingly frightened and resort_to_irrational_and_self-harming_attacks; they’re failing to imprison every citizen on this planet (too many dissenters and objectors), collectively rendering us digital “slaves” (a_term_they'd_rather_ban_so_as_to limit_the_conversation's_remit) THE Software Freedom Movement or the Free Software Movement (capitalised) will soon turn 40, i.e. older than me. The term “Software Freedom Movement” helps emphasise that it’s about freedom, not price (otherwise ambiguous in the English language). It was created or at least pioneered/defined by an MIT scientist who was about 30 at the time. He’ll turn 70 just over a year from now. He’s under attack by a bunch of bullies backed by a corporate mob and defamatory corporate media (owned by those same corporations or partly funded by them). “People are easily being carried away by hype and buzzwords (“clown computing”, “smart” etc.) and some are easily bamboozled or even incited against those who speak about the threats.”In this video I attempt to explain some recent events, how I personally got introduced to the Software Freedom Movement (or Free Software Movement, sometimes abbreviated FSM, led by the FSF). To examine the issues we’re nowadays dealing with I turn to the_“Critic’s_Free_Software Dictionary”_of_figosdev, who wrote many articles for us. People are easily being carried away by hype and buzzwords (“clown computing”, “smart” etc.) and some are easily bamboozled or even incited against those who speak about the threats. The real threat isn’t that “guy with a beard” but those who vilify him. As Dave_Lane_put_it_recently: “the real existential threat to Free Software isn’t the make-up of the FSF governance board. It’s US multinational corporations funding legal reports encouraging companies to shun Copyleft licensed software, calling it “too risky” for business use. (of course, if you want to see a real legal minefield, take a gander at any proprietary EULA… if you can find one – they tend to be completely hidden). Also: the shade thrown by Github and MSFT on Copyleft at every opportunity.” We’ve always been under attack by Microsoft (the video mentions the Halloween Documents), but those attacks are becoming more visible in recent years, even if they disguise_the_attacks_with_words_like_"love". █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 860 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_5/4/2021:_Liberating_Games,_Rust_Spies_or_Violates_Privacy⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 7:40 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Kernel_Continues_Crafting_A_WWAN_Subsystem⠀⇛ Linaro continues leading the effort on a Wireless WAN (WWAN) subsystem/framework for the Linux kernel. [...] This Linux WWAN code is being led by Linaro’s Loic Poulain and today marks its latest spin up on the kernel mailing list. Besides working on the generic subsystem itself, driving this along and initial “user” is a Qualcomm MHI WWAN control driver for their PCI Express modems. This new Qualcomm open- source WWAN modem driver in turn will expose different modem control protocols/ports to user- space. Among the protocols exposed to user-space with the driver are AT, MBIM, QMI, QCOM, and FIREHOSE. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Mesa_21.1_RADV_Adds_Another_Performance_Knob_For RDNA2_Testing⠀⇛ For those that managed to get their hands on Radeon RX 6000 series hardware and are habitual Mesa Git users, the newest Mesa 21.1-devel code for RADV has a new knob for performance testing. The newest RADV feature to land for Mesa 21.1 is delta color compression (DCC) support for storage images. This functionality was already in place for GFX10 (see this 2019 article when the Navi DCC for storage images code was first added) while now has been extended to cover GFX10.3 (Navi 2x) graphics processors too. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Current_State_Of_The_Intel_“Crocus”_Gallium3D_Driver⠀⇛ The Intel “Crocus” Gallium3D driver in development for supporting old Intel i965 IGPs through Haswell continues making progress by the upstream, open- source Mesa3D community for hopefully one day replacing Intel’s classic “i965″ Mesa driver. Particularly with Mesa likely to drop the classic drivers from mainline, Crocus has added importance for those with Haswell and older Intel graphics wanting to continue to use the latest mainline Mesa driver code. Being a Gallium3D driver, Crocus has the possibility of offering better performance as well for slightly squeezing a bit more out of that old Intel hardware should you still be relying upon it. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 10_Best_To_Do_List_Apps_for_Linux_Desktop_[2021]⠀⇛ ToDo lists are arguably the most developed applications after calculator-type apps because their feature lists are pretty much set in stone and that makes them relatively easier to create compared to more complex applications e.g. graph plotting apps. Be that as it may, not all to-do list applications are created equal and they don’t all have the same rich set of features. Some are designed to strictly enable users to organize themselves by keeping track of tasks they wish to complete while others have the ability to do more than just create lists and set reminders. In today’s article, we are happy to present to you a list of the best to-do list applications available for Linux desktops in 2021. These apps are designed to make your work easier by encouraging your focus and getting even the most difficult jobs done. # ⚓ Glaucus_Linux_α_=_musl-c-library_toybox-utilities init=finit⠀⇛ Virtualbox has its own converting utility. The image constitutes of a whole drive and a single linux partition, so don’t even try burning the .img into a single partition. It also has a minimal bootloader embeded in it, so make sure it is the first drive in a series or /dev/sda in linux, or it will not boot. If it is mounted to another system it can be edited, and so can its bootloading configuration, so feel free to experiment. The utilities to build software in it are not complete yet, so this is more like a demo, don’t plan to make it a work system or a server of some sort. But whatever is done already seems like it has careful attention to detail and seems 100%. So this is very promising compared to projects that seem to be published a bit sloppy, like our beloved mere linux that has incompatible libraries in it. Mere-linux by the way has been recently gotten some attention from its creator and is moving a step or two. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Getting_Started_with_VirtualBox_in_Linux_–_Part_1⠀⇛ LinuxShellTips is happy to present a series on oracle VirtualBox, the most popular open-source (GPL V2) cross-platform hosted hypervisor in the market that supports X86, AMD/Intel virtualization. In this series, we will show all the core features of Virtualbox and at the end of the series, you will be comfortable in using Virtualbox. # ⚓ 7_Git_tips_for_managing_your_home_directory⠀⇛ I have several computers. I’ve got a laptop at work, a workstation at home, a Raspberry Pi (or four), a Pocket CHIP, a Chromebook running various forms of Linux, and so on. I used to set up my user environment on each computer by more or less following the same steps, and I often told myself that I enjoyed that each one was slightly unique. For instance, I use Bash aliases more often at work than at home, and the helper scripts I use at home might not be useful at work. Over the years, my expectations across devices began to merge, and I’d forget that a feature I’d built up on my home machine wasn’t ported over to my work machine, and so on. I needed a way to standardize my customized toolkit. The answer, to my surprise, was Git. Git is version-tracker software. It’s famously used by the biggest and smallest open source projects and even by the largest proprietary software companies. But it was designed for source code—not a home directory filled with music and video files, games, photos, and so on. I’d heard of people managing their home directory with Git, but I assumed that it was a fringe experiment done by coders, not real-life users like me. Managing my home directory with Git has been an evolving process. I’ve learned and adapted along the way. Here are the things you might want to keep in mind should you decide to manage your home directory with Git. # ⚓ How_to_Log_Out_a_User_Off_SSH_in_Linux⠀⇛ If you are logged into a remote Linux system via SSH, you just need to use the exit command to log out of SSH. exit That’s fine. But what if you want to log out some other user from the SSH connection? In this quick tip, I’ll show you how you can kick any user off the system. # ⚓ 5_obscure_but_useful_Linux_commands_for_sysadmins_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ A lighthearted look at five commands that just might help you today. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Zig_Programming_Language_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS –_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Zig Programming Language on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Zig is a general- purpose programming language and toolchain for maintaining robust, optimal, and reusable software. The Zig programming language is developed by the Zig Software Foundation, which is a non-profit corporation founded in 2020 by Andrew Kelley. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Zig Programming Language on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ everything_GNU_Linux_–_Debian_10_64Bit_–_the_universal operating_system_on_Core2Duo_(64Bit)_from_2007_on_P4M900T- M2⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ The_complete_guide_for_open_sourcing_video_games⠀⇛ Video games are an interesting class of software. Unlike most software, they are a creative endeavour, rather than a practical utility. Where most software calls for new features to address practical needs of their users, video games call for new features to serve the creative vision of their makers. Similarly, matters like refactoring and paying down tech debt are often heavily de- prioritized in favor of shipping something ASAP. Many of the collaborative benefits of open source are less applicable to video games. It is perhaps for these reasons that there are very few commercial open source games. However, there are some examples of such games, and they have had a great deal of influence on gaming. Id is famous for this, having released the source code for several versions of DOOM. The Quake engine was also released under the GPL, and went on to be highly influential, serving as the basis for dozens of games, including time-honored favorites such as the Half Life series. Large swaths of the gaming canon were made possible thanks to the generous contributions of open source game publishers. Publishing open source games is also a matter of historical preservation. Proprietary games tend to atrophy. Long after their heyday, with suitable platforms scarce and physical copies difficult to obtain, many games die a slow and quiet death, forgotten to the annals of time. Some games have overcome this by releasing their source code, making it easier for fans to port the game to new platforms and keep it alive. What will your game’s legacy be? Will it be forgotten entirely, unable to run on contemporary platforms? Will it be source-available, occasionally useful to the devoted player, but with little reach beyond? Perhaps it goes the way of DOOM, living forever in ports to hundreds of devices and operating systems. Maybe it goes the way of Quake, its soul forever a part of the beloved classics of the future. If you keep the source code closed, the only conclusion is the first: enjoyed once, now forgotten. With this in mind, how do you go about securing your game’s legacy? [...] Prepare an archive of your source code, and add the license file. If you went with the source-available approach, simply write “Copyright © . All rights reserved.” into a text file named LICENSE. If you chose something else, copy the license text into a LICENSE file. If you want this over with quickly, just stick the code and license into a zip file or a tarball and drop it on your website. A better approach, if you have the patience, would be to publish it as a git repository. If you already use version control, you may want to consider carefully if you want to publish your full version control history — the answer might be “yes”, but if you’re unsure, the answer is probably “no”. Just make a copy of the code, delete the .git directory, and import it into a new repository if you need to. Double check that you aren’t checking in any artifacts — assets, executables, libraries, etc — and then push it to the hosting service of your choice. GitHub is a popular choice, but I would selfishly recommend sourcehut as well. If you have time, write a little README file which gives an introduction to the project as well. # ⚓ Warzone_2100_4.0_is_officially_out_now_with_the_Vulkan renderer_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ A big day for the free and open source Warzone 2100 as the team have officially released Warzone 2100 4.0, which brings in some modern enhancements to their rendering including Vulkan API support. Not much is different to the previous articles covering the pre-release Beta versions, although a number of bug fixes have been coded in since we last covered in. For people holding off on playing again until it’s considered stable – now is the best time to enjoy a classic RTS. With new rendering hooked up you can switch between different options in the video menu. You can stick to OpenGL or switch to Vulkan now for even better performance in a number of cases. It also bumps up to OpenGL ES 3.0 / 2.0 but the previous OpenGL 3.0+ Core Profile (default) and OpenGL 2.1 Compatibility Profile is still there. # ⚓ GodotCon_returns_online_for_Godot_Engine_in_July,_submit your_talk_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Interested in game development, open source and Godot Engine? GodotCon is planned to return in July. Announced in a fresh blog post, it will bring in a bunch of pre-recorded talks with optional Q&A for the speakers. # ⚓ The_Darkside_Detective_(plus_the_sequel)_are_getting_a special_Collectors_USB_Cassette_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Here’s a chance to get some cool swag with The Darkside Detective teaming up with Huey Games to bring a special Collectors USB Cassette Double-Pack of both games. Another cool item to stick up on your shelving units, to show off to all your friends right? Never to be touched, just to be seen? Something like that. Anyway, it’s cool nerdy stuff to collect! Huey Games have done this a few times now with other games and the latest is The Darkside Detective and The Darkside Detective: A Fumble in the Dark together in one awesome looking pack. # ⚓ Wildermyth_ignored_April_Fools_with_the_addition_of multiplayer_and_controller_support_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ No fooling around here, Worldwalker Games decided not to do any April Fools shenanigans for Wildermyth and instead release a massive upgrade adding in multiplayer and controller support. What is Wildermyth? A fantasy tactical RPG that mixes in X-Com like combat with extensive character development wrapped up in an art style inspired by papercraft. It’s genuinely great and it has been reviewing very well by players. The latest update “0.36+270 Bingus Dibb” adds in full multiplayer support, controller support, new event updates, new sound effects and plenty of bug fixes. # ⚓ Save_houses_from_the_spreading_fire_in_the_puzzle_game Wildfire_Swap_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Forest fires are everywhere, they’re spreading and it’s up to you to ensure people’s houses are safe in Wildfire Swap. A very nicely designed puzzle game, one that explores the efforts to control raging fires and how it can quickly get out of hand. Note: key provided by the developer. It’s turn-based giving you the ability to swap two adjacent tiles around, when you do this the fire spreads. You need to ensure that no house catches fire so you need to carefully plan ahead with how the fire will spread, getting all the houses to safety. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Parabola/i686:_desktop_users_should_refrain_from_upgrading ⠀⇛ users of a GTK-based desktops (LXDE, MATE, possibly others) on the i686 system, should refrain from upgrading for some time, or else the desktop may not start properly – this bug does not affect X86_64 # ⚓ antiX_kernel_updates⠀⇛ There have been various security patches applied upstream so users are strongly advised to update to the latest kernels via Package Installer, synaptic or cli-aptiX. # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Arch_Linux_looks_to_make_installation_nice_and simple⠀⇛ Arch Linux releases starting this month will include a guided installer, the company has revealed. This is a welcome change for Arch Linux that has a rather convoluted installation process, which has given rise to a stream of Arch-based distros that are easier to install. Named archinstall, the open source installer has been under development for some time now. Written in Python, the installer was reportedly promoted as an official installation mechanism back in January, and was actively worked upon leading to its inclusion in the installation medium. The new default guided installer will be of great help for users who prefer a quick and easy route for deploying Arch Linux. [...] And, while it is command-line-based and nowhere near as polished as the one on Ubuntu or Fedora, the new guided installer is still a welcome departure from the existing process. # ⚓ Installing_Arch_Linux_Is_Now_Easier_With_This_Change in_the_Newest_ISO_Refresh⠀⇛ Arch Linux is meant for users looking for an adventure or experienced Linux users who just want to configure everything from the ground up. You get to decide what you install ensuring that there’s no bloatware for your use-case. However, installing Arch Linux isn’t easy. You will probably need to refer the official installation guide or our Arch installation guide to successfully install it. But, now, with a new ISO release, the installation medium includes a guided installer “archlinux” which makes the set-up process a breeze even for new users wanting to try Arch Linux. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Crazy_Idea_Number_615:_Variable_Priced_Power_Systems Partitions_–_IT_Jungle⠀⇛ When you stare down the blank page as much as I have in my career, you learn to not be afraid of that blank page. If you look at it long enough – usually for only a few minutes – ideas flip into existence like quantum particles spinning their curlicues. Most of them are silly, some are utterly useless, but eventually you get one that is worth following to see where it might go. So it is with an idea that popped into my head, which was a daydream about IBM creating variable priced partitions on the Power Systems machines. This would stand in stark contrast to how Big Blue prices and sells Power Systems today, but certainly could be an overlay on top of existing metered pricing metrics or lease prices or outright acquisition prices. Today, when you buy a Power Systems server, you pay for it based on what it is: It is a Model 9009-22A with a feature #EP16 processor module, which has a “Cumulus” Power9 processor with four-cores running at a base speed of 2.8 GHz, plus two feature #EP46 processor core activations, plus eight feature #EM63 32 GB memory sticks, plus a feature #EC59 storage backplane for NVM- Express flash, plus four feature #EC5C 3.2 TB flash adapters, plus one feature #EC37 two- port 10 Gb/sec Ethernet adapter, and so on. You have the IBM configurator build the whole system, add the operating system on a per core basis, add its features, kick out a list price, and then the customer argues for a discount and usually gets something but not much because, frankly, if they need IBM i, it is not like there are a lot of choices. If they don’t like the deal, they can backstep to a certified pre-owned machine with Power8 or Power7+ processors, which would be cheaper but which has a much shorter technical life because these machines will not future releases at some point. Or they can defer the whole thing and pray their current machine doesn’t break or run out of capacity. # ⚓ Testing_Apicurio_Registry’s_performance_and scalability⠀⇛ Apicurio Registry is the upstream project for Red Hat Integration’s Service Registry component. Developers use Apicurio Registry to manage artifacts like API definitions and data structure schemas. Apicurio Registry can maintain tons of artifacts, and it needs a way to store them. The registry supports several storage options, including Apache Kafka, Infinispan, and PostgreSQL. Knowing the performance characteristics of each storage option helps developers choose the appropriate storage for different use cases. Recently, Red Hat’s Performance & Scale team analyzed how Apicurio Registry performs under various storage configurations. In this article, we share the results of our performance and scalability testing on Apicurio Registry. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Pico_Arduino_Core_released_for_RP2040 boards⠀⇛ Since Arduino plans to launch its own Raspberry Pi RP2040 based board with Arduino Nano RP2040 Connect, one would have expected software support for the Arduino IDE would have come from the company itself. But apparently, the developer community, or more exactly Earle F. Philhower, III did not feel like waiting. He had previously written ESP8266Audio library for audio file and I2S sound playing routines for ESP8266 & ESP32, and has recently released Raspberry Pi Pico Arduino Core on arduino-pico Github repository. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ how_to_find_lost_phone:_How_to_find_your_lost_Android phone,_remotely_lock_it_and_erase_data⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_may_still_deliver_Android_12_updates_to_some devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_adds_a_new_device_search_API_for_third- party_launchers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Get_Android_12′s_new_emojis_on_any_rooted_Android device⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_Android_11_update_(LG_UX_10)_list_of_eligible devices_&_release_date⠀⇛ # ⚓ 15_Best_Cartoon_Yourself_Apps_(Android_&_iOS)_– Gotechtor⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_S10_Lite_Receiving_April_2021_Android Security_Patch_With_Latest_Update:_Report_|_Technology News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_TV_Box_Market_Professional_Survey,_Finanacial Overview,_Emerging_Applications_–_The_Courier⠀⇛ # ⚓ Free_Fire_OB27_Advance_Server_APK_download_link_is live_for_Android_devices_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_TV_Box_Market_Professional_Survey,_Finanacial Overview,_Emerging_Applications_–_The_Courier⠀⇛ # ⚓ Five_things_you_must_do_before_switching_to_a_new Android_smartphone_|_The_Star⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_Google_Chat_tab_in_Gmail_is_rolling_out_for Android_Gmail_users⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ What_motivates_open_source_software_contributors?⠀⇛ The reasons people contribute to free and open source (FOSS) projects has been a topic of much interest. However, the research on this topic dates back 10 or more years, and much has changed in the world since then. This article shares seven insights from a recent research study that revisited old motivation studies and asked open source contributors what motivates them today. These insights can be used by open source community managers who want to grow a community, organizations that want to understand how community members behave, or anyone working with others in open source. Understanding what motivates today’s contributors helps us make impactful decisions. # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ FSF_Richard_M._Stallman_and_the_gangsters_of_the globe⠀⇛ There is much talk these days about RMS, the founder of FSF returning to the board of FSF and IBM refusing to have him, popular demand, vote, or otherwise. I could list countless articles here as a detailed research on the matter, but the plethora of them TOTALLY MISS THE ISSUE. Who decides and how is a decision made? Is it influence by rational arguments or is it a choke-hold maneuver that even his (RMS’s) dearest of friends can’t escape? The rational argument by IBM, and their fellow mutually interested global giant corporations, is “YOU DO AS WE SAY, OR NO MONEY COMING TO YOU“. This is what every democracy in the planet has been reduced to, every democratic process that “tolerated” money/funding to be part of the decision making process. Corporations are dictatorships that ENFORCE DICTATORIAL DECISION processes for every human activity. The organization among them, global banking and financing, is ruling earth. The rest “think” that they vote and decide. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ Sylvain_Beucler:_planet.gnu.org_is_looking_for a_new_host_and_maintainer⠀⇛ Around 3 years ago I revamped planet.gnu.org and hosted it myself, as the previous host was defunc. I won’t have the energy host it for much longer, so planet.gnu.org is now looking for a new host and maintainer. In any case I’ll shut down the service when I upgrade to Debian 11 “bullseye” in a few months. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ InvoicePrinter_2.1_with_Ruby_3_support⠀⇛ Ruby 3 was released three months ago, so it was a time to support it in InvoicePrinter, a pure Ruby library for generating PDF invoices. # ⚓ The_Basics_of_CSS:_Selectors⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_different_programming_languages_do_the_same_thing |_Opensource.com⠀⇛ Whenever I start learning a new programming language, I focus on defining variables, writing a statement, and evaluating expressions. Once I have a general understanding of those concepts, I can usually figure out the rest on my own. Most programming languages have some similarities, so once you know one programming language, learning the next one is a matter of figuring out the unique details and recognizing the differences. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Most_loved_programming_language_Rust_sparks privacy_concerns⠀⇛ Rust developers have repeatedly raised concerned about an unaddressed privacy issue over the last few years. Rust has rapidly gained momentum among developers, for its focus on performance, safety, safe concurrency, and for having a similar syntax to C++. StackOverflow’s 2020 developer survey ranked Rust first among the “most loved programming languages.” However, for the longest time developers have been bothered by their production builds leaking potentially sensitive debug information. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Plan_9_transferred_to_the_Plan_9_Foundation⠀⇛ The funky second OS from the Unix masterminds, Plan 9, has been fully transferred to the Plan 9 Foundation, and it’s been released under the MIT license. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ USPTO_Grant_Rate_2021⠀⇛ The following chart provides one look at USPTO historic patent grant rate for patent applications filed over the past 20 years. The chart groups together patent applications as of their filing-month and then simply reports the percentage patented, abandoned, and still-pending. The red-line in the chat excludes the still pending applications and thus reports the grant rate of disposed-of applications. [...] Beware of recent grant rate data: In my model here, there are only two ways that a patent can escape from being still-pending: Either (1) the patent issues or (2) the applicant abandons the application. And, the former (disposals-by-patenting) typically take less time than the latter (disposals-by- abandoning). As the PTO begins examining a cohort of patent applications, it typically issues a number of first-action allowances, while most applicants hold on for at least a final rejection before abandoning. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1787 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.05.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_5/4/2021:_Linux_5.12_RC6,_Mageia_8_Reviewed⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:37 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_April_4th,_2021⠀⇛ This week has been rich in releases, starting with the digiKam 7.2 professional photo manager, GIMP 2.10.24 image editor, and LibreOffice 7.1.2 office suite, and continuing with 4MLinux 36.0, Parrot 4.11, Nitrux 1.3.9, AlmaLinux OS 8.3, Deepin 20.2, Linux Lite 5.4, and MX Linux 19.4 distributions. Moreover, Feral Interactive released the Total War: THREE KINGDOMS – Fates Divided DLC for Linux, Canonical releases the Ubuntu 21.04 Beta, Linux Mint devs unveil the new notification system for updates, and Valve releases a major Proton version with support for games. o ⚓ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_#124⠀⇛ Hello and welcome to this week’s Linux Roundup and happy Easter!!! We had a full week in the world of Linux releases with Deepin 20.2, Linux Lite 5.4, MX Linux 19.4, and Ubuntu 21.04 Beta. o ⚓ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_–_Ubuntu_21.04_Beta,_MX_Linux_19.4,_and More⠀⇛ Presenting this week’s DebugPoint.com weekly roundup (Week Ending April 4, 2021) series, cleaned up for you from the Linux and the open-source world on application updates, new releases, distribution updates, and major news. Take a look. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Quick_Look_At_Manjaro_21.0_“Ornara”_Xfce⠀⇛ Manjaro just had big release so I thought I should take a look at one of their main editions (xfce). Manjaro has always been one of my favorite Linux distributions. # ⚓ Josh_Bressers:_Episode_265_–_The_lies_closed_source_can tell,_open_source_can’t⠀⇛ Josh and Kurt talk about the PHP backdoor and the Ubiquity whistleblower. The key takeaway is to note how an open source project cannot cover up an incident, but closed source can and will cover up damaging information. # ⚓ GNU_World_Order_400⠀⇛ **gprof** , **ld.bfd** , **ld.gold** , **nm** , **objcopy** , and **objdump** from the **d** series. Note that for best results when using many of these binutil tools, you must compile _all_ of your targets with the GCC **-pg** and **-g** options. # ⚓ Playing_0_A.D_Alpha_24_–_DT_LIVE⠀⇛ 0 A.D is a free and open source real-time strategy game, similar in spirit to Age of Empires. I am not much of a gamer, and 0 A.D is not something that I often win at, but I do enjoy playing this game. And I love promoting open source games, especially those that are native to Linux. # ⚓ Tree_Style_Tabs:_A_Better_Way_To_Manage_Tabs⠀⇛ Everytime I talk about a web browser someone shills Tree Style Tabs to me so I thought it’s about time I actually try it out, effectively what it does is provides a way to group tabs together so that heavy tabs users don’t have there bar so cluttered. # ⚓ The_Co-op_News_Punch_Podcast_–_Episode_28_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ We’re back and actually on time for a change! Welcome back to the Co-op News Punch Podcast – Episode 28. As usual, it’s a very casual and frank chat between two friends (myself) and GOL contributor / Linux livestreamer Samsai about many different Linux- related topics. Thankfully I didn’t mess up the audio in this one, so enjoy! # ⚓ This_Week_in_Linux_145:_RHEL_Rebuild_AlmaLinux,_Ubuntu 21.04,_Lineage_OS,_NVidia,_ARMv9,_Linux_Mint⠀⇛ On this episode of This Week in Linux, CloudLinux has released the stable version of their rebuil of RHEL or CentOS Alternative, AlmaLinux OS. We’ve got some exciting media streaming news for the Raspberry Pi. OBS Studio announced some great news for those running Wayland. Vidia Support for Wayland may be coming and Nvidia also announced support for GPU Passthrough. In other hardware news, ARM has announce the ARMv9 Architecture. In Distro News, we’ve got Ubuntu 21.04 Beta & Ubuntu Testing Week. Plus we’ll also check out some news from, Arch Linux, Nitrux Linux and Parrot Security. Then in Mobile News, Lineage OS has announce the release of version 18.1. That’s not all, back by popular demand we’re going to jump into everyone’s favorite Legal News with SEC vs LBRY and How It Affects Crypto. All that and much more on Your Weekly Source for Linux GNews! # ⚓ Linux_Action_News_183⠀⇛ The first CentOS clone is out, but it’s the second part of their announcement that might be the most important. Plus our reaction to SCO reigniting their decades- long fight with IBM and Red Hat, and the big news in GTK-land you might have missed. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.12-rc6⠀⇛ Well, if rc5 was bigger than usual, and I worried about what that meant for this release, rc6 is positively tiny. So I think it was just due to the usual random timing fluctuations, probably mainly networking updates (which were in rc5, but not in rc6). Which means that unless things change in the next two weeks, the schedule for this release is going to be the usual one. Most of the changes here are drivers (gpu and usb stand out, that's not because of any huge changes, it's mainly because everything else is even smaller) and some arch updates (mainly x86 kvm, but some arm64, powerpc, s390, xtensa and RISC-V too). The rest is random other stuff (with io_uring showing up again, but much smaller this time). The shortlog is appended - small and easy to scan if you care about the details. So hey, in between all those extra helpings of memma - it is Easter, after all - go ahead and do some more testing as we approach the final weeks of the release, Linus # ⚓ Kernel_prepatch_5.12-rc6⠀⇛ The 5.12-rc6 kernel prepatch is out for testing. “Well, if rc5 was bigger than usual, and I worried about what that meant for this release, rc6 is positively tiny. So I think it was just due to the usual random timing fluctuations, probably mainly networking updates (which were in rc5, but not in rc6). Which means that unless things change in the next two weeks, the schedule for this release is going to be the usual one.” # ⚓ Linux_5.12-rc6_Released_–_A_“Positively_Tiny”_Easter Kernel⠀⇛ Linus Torvalds put out Linux 5.12-rc6 on schedule even with the Easter holiday and it’s a delightfully small update. While last week Linus Torvalds was becoming concerned over the size of the kernel at this stage of development, over the past week it’s trended down lower. In fact, Torvalds referred to it as a “positively tiny” update in his Easter day message. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Dave_Airlie:_crocus:_gallium_for_the_gen4- 7_generation⠀⇛ Crocus is a gallium driver to cover the gen4- gen7 families of Intel GPUs. The basic GPU list is 965, GM45, Ironlake, Sandybridge, Ivybridge and Haswell, with some variants thrown in. This hardware currently uses the Intel classic 965 driver. This is hardware is all gallium capable and since we’d like to put the classic drivers out to pasture, and remove support for the old infrastructure, it would be nice to have these generations supported by a modern gallium driver. The project was initiated by Ilia Mirkin last year, and I’ve expended some time in small bursts to moving it forward. There have been some other small contributions from the community. The basis of the project is a fork of the iris driver with the old relocation based batchbuffer and state management added back in. I started my focus mostly on the older gen4/5 hardware since it was simpler and only supported GL 2.1 in the current drivers. I’ve tried to cleanup support for Ivybridge along the way. The current status of the driver is in my crocus branch. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Benchmarking_AMD_Zen_3_With_Predictive_Store_Forwarding Disabled⠀⇛ o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Some_Calamares_Packaging⠀⇛ Calamares is a distro-, desktop- and toolkit- independent installer for Linux systems. It it intended to be the thing that gets your CD installed onto the hard drive of the target system. The Dutch term voortschrijdend inzicht is applicable here, too, as CD’s have been replaced by ISO images or USB sticks and hard drives are now (virtualised) SSDs instead. Today, though, I’m going to look at the packaging of Calamares – what distro’s do to get a Calamares executable that can be put on that CD. [...] The thinking in packaging is swinging towards developer-led packaging in AppImage or SnapCraft or FlatPak. I’m still not sure what I think of that in general, but for Calamares it really doesn’t make sense: Calamares is not an end-user application, it’s intended to be used once in a pretty specific situation and then discarded. So Calamares is pretty traditional, shipping a source tarball, and you’re expected to run cmake; make; make install to to the things. As time goes by, voortschrijdend inzicht applies (the realisation that things could be better) and conveniences are added to the CMake files, and knobs added or tuned. I realised that I did not advertise that kind of improvements in the release notes for Calamares, when I looked at a PKGBUILD file for it. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Raspberry_Pi_Remote_Wake/Sleep-On-LAN_Server_–_Test The_V3_Beta⠀⇛ During COVID-19 lockdown, I’m doing a lot less travelling than I normally would, so I’ve been using some of the extra time to revamp some older projects (in addition to building smart exercise equipment). One thing that’s been on my list for a while was cleaning up this Remote Wake/Sleep-On-LAN server (RWSOLS) with properly signed HTTPS certificates, and an automatic setup script. Now, I’ve done exactly that, and it’s in a state that’s ready to share. Here are some of the changes: [...] # ⚓ How_to_Setup_Traefik_for_Docker_Containers_on_Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ Traefik is one of the modern methods which is used to set up reverse proxy for docker containers. When you want to run multiple applications in docker containers exposing port 80 and 443, traefik can be the best option for reverse proxy. Traefik provides its own monitoring dashboard. You can also use Traefik for HTTP load balancer. In this article, we are going to setup Traefik v2.4 on Ubuntu 20.04 with a simple example. # ⚓ How_to_Setup_Central_Logging_Server_Using_Rsyslog_on_Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ Rsyslog is an open-source utility for log processing. It permits the logging of data from different types of systems in a central repository. Rsyslog is a Syslog protocol with more extensions, features, and benefits. What makes rsyslog so powerful? Rsyslog can deliver over one million messages per second to local destinations when limited processing is applied. In this tutorial we learn how to install and configure rsyslog on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ Guru:_Web_Services,_DATA-INTO_and_DATA-GEN,_Part_1_–_IT Jungle⠀⇛ Many of the “Can you help me with. . . ” communications that cross my desk these days include reference to JSON. Sometimes the questioner is receiving JSON in a file, or has to retrieve it from a web service, or needs to generate JSON in response to a query. While there are many ways to handle these requirements, RPG’s built-in DATA-INTO and DATA-GEN can do a lot of the heavy lifting for you and are quite simple once you understand the basics. In this series of tips, I am going to start with a basic example that uses both DATA-INTO and DATA-GEN to generate the request data and processes the response from a simple REST web service. Subsequent tips in the series will delve further into the capabilities and quirks of these opcodes by working through more complex examples. In addition to the RPG opcodes, I will be using Scott Klement’s YAJL library – specifically the YAJLDTAGEN and YAJLINTO routines. I will also be using Scott’s HTTPAPI library for communicating with the web service. While I will give some details of using HTTPAPI, that is not my primary purpose in these tips, so if you are interested in knowing more about this fabulous tool let me know. Time to introduce the web service. In these early examples I will be using the free “fake” REST services provided by the website JSONPlaceholder. I chose this site because it is likely to still be there in a year or two when those who read this in the future may want to try the code. I also like the fact that you do not need an account or any authorization code to use it. As a result, you should be able to copy my code and make your own explorations at any time. # ⚓ How_to_Compile_and_Run_C_Program_in_Centos_Stream⠀⇛ If you have recently switched to the latest CentOS Stream from Windows and don’t know how to Install C in CentOS Stream, then buddy, you came to the right place. C programming language requires the compiler to run a program. Without a compiler, you will not be able to run the program file. # ⚓ Command_to_Install_Android_Studio_on_Ubuntu_20.04_Linux⠀⇛ To create Android apps, the developers can download an official free-to-use platform called “Android Studio”. It is based on IntelliJ IDEA, a complete development environment, bundles all the functions required for developing and debugging apps. This gives developers an alternative to the Android SDK, which essentially consists of Eclipse and the ADT plug-in. It is available to download and installs for Windows 10/8/7, macOS, Linux, and ChromeOS. # ⚓ How_to_install_the_Brave_Browser_Beta_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install the Brave Browser Beta on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. This tutorial will only work on Chromebooks with an Intel or AMD CPU (with Linux Apps Support) and not those with an ARM64 architecture CPU. # ⚓ Hans_de_Goede:_Linux_tool_for_Logitech_27MHz_wireless keyboard_encryption_setup⠀⇛ For a long time Logitech produces wireless keyboards using 27 MHz as communications band. Although these have not been produced for a while now these are still pretty common and a lot of them are still perfectly servicable. But when using them under Linux, there is one downside, since the communication is one way by default the wireless link is unencrypted by default, which is kinda bad from a security pov. These keyboards do support using an encrypted link, but this requires a one-time setup where the user manually enters a key on the keyboard. # ⚓ How_to_use_indexed_arrays_in_bash⠀⇛ In programming languages, an array is a data structure that represents a collection of objects with the same data type. Although it’s not a full- blown programming language, bash also supports array-type variables. Once declared as an array implicitly or explicitly, a given bash variable can store multiple values in it. Depending on how the values are accessed from the array, bash supports two types of arrays: associative arrays or one- dimensional indexed arrays. The former is often called key-value dictionaries or hash maps, where values are accessed by corresponding keys. The latter type of arrays are essentially ordered lists, where you can access the values by their index (i.e., position in the list). We already covered associative arrays in another bash tutorial. Thus, in this post, let’s focus on indexed arrays and find out how we can use this type of bash arrays. I will illustrate various usages of indexed arrays with examples. # ⚓ How_to_Create_a_Sudo_User_in_CentOS_–_ByteXD⠀⇛ The sudo command (originally standing for superuser do) is a program designed to allow a sysadmin to give certain users the ability to run some (or all) commands as root while logging the commands and arguments. With the sudo command, users can install, update, and remove packages and edit configuration files. This is very useful when you do not want to give a user a root password or if you want to allow a user to do something (i.e. su) without logging in as root. By default, the sudo command is disabled for standard users for security reasons to prevent any accidental overwriting of system files or any unauthorized root access. In this article, we will explain how to create a sudo user in CentOS by adding them to the wheel group. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Flectra_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Flectra on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Flectra is a free and open-source, CRM (customer relationship management) and ERP (enterprise resource planning) software system that provides a lot of flexibility and customization that lets you meet the unique needs of your business. Whether you’re a small or medium-sized business, Flectra comes with a modular suite of apps, including inventory, HR, CMS, POS, Project, etc. that will help you run a successful business today affordably. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Flectra open-source CRM and ERP on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Top_Tips_for_Securing_Your_Linux_System_in_2021⠀⇛ Linux servers are at greater risk than ever. While only a few years ago Linux users could count themselves as the “lucky few” who didn’t have to worry about malware and computer viruses, this era has unfortunately come to an end. Attackers now view Linux servers as a viable target that often provides a valuable return on investment. The past few years have been plagued with emerging Linux malware strains which have demonstrated new and dangerous tactics for spreading, remaining undetected and compromising servers – Cloud Snooper, EvilGnome, HiddenWasp, QNAPCrypt, GonnaCry, FBOT and Tycoon being among the most notorious examples. Here’s what you need to know to secure your Linux system against malware, rootkits and other dangerous attacks. # ⚓ CPUFetch_–_Simple_CLI_Tool_To_Fetch_CPU_Information_in Linux⠀⇛ CPUFetch is a simple command line tool, a bit similar to Neofetch, but for fetching CPU architecture in Linux, Windows, macOS, and Android. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Thousands_of_games_needing_testing⠀⇛ We’re finally ready to unleash the motherlode onto the public for testing. The AGS engine has had many freeware games released over the years, as well as quite a few commercial games as well. Keep in mind that, like the stand-alone AGS interpreter the engine is derived from, only AGS games from 2.5 onwards are supported. # ⚓ Denuvo:_We_Are_Passionate_Gamers_&_Guarantee_We_Don’t_Slow Games_Down⠀⇛ Denuvo is the most well-known videogame anti-piracy system on the market and also the most controversial. Critics believe that the system is anti-consumer but is that reputation really deserved? TorrentFreak caught up Denuvo’s Chief Marketing Officer and was informed that the Denuvo team is compromised of passionate gamers who do not slow games down. # ⚓ Lenovo_M93_Ultra_Small_PC_–_Gaming_–_Week_5_–_LinuxLinks⠀⇛ This is a weekly blog looking at the Lenovo M93 Ultra Small Desktop PC running Linux. We’ve already mentioned the graphics capabilities of the Lenovo M93. To recap, this ultra small PC uses the Intel HD Graphics 4600, a mobile integrated graphics solution by Intel launched in May 2013. The GPU supports DirectX 11.1, OpenCL 1.2 and OpenGL 4.0. The GT2 version integrates 20 Execution Units, 160 shading units, 20 texture mapping units, and 2 ROPs. The GPU is operating at a frequency of 400 MHz, which can be boosted up to 1100 MHz. The HD 4600 not only matches some dedicated GPUs such as the GeForce GT 620M/630M, but also competes with the integrated AMD GPUs like the Radeon HD 8650G. Performance of the graphics unit is widely reported as in the low-end segment and rarely sufficient for modern games. It’s often touted that integrated graphics are not meant for gaming. But what does that really mean? There are tons of free games available for Linux. Many of them aren’t that graphically demanding. To test the extent of gaming on the Lenovo M93, we’ve revisited many of the games that we covered in our AWOW AK41 article. Most of the games are available to download on Steam for free. And a few are even released under an open source license. Here’s our findings. Let’s kick off with a venerable classic game that’s still being improved. It’s called SuperTuxKart. We’ve played this game on-and-off for years. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ EasyOS:_Serious_Xorg_Wizard_bug_fixed⠀⇛ The Xorg Wizard is script /usr/sbin/xorgwizard-cli. If exit from X via the Shutdown menu, type “xorgwizard” at the prompt, and the wizard will run, in text-mode. Note that /usr/sbin/xorgwizard will just run xorgwizard-cli. The wizard detects “hybrid” video systems, that is, those with two video hardware interfaces. This could be a plugin card, or in some cases there are two video interfaces on the motherboard. An example is the video interface builtin to the Intel CPU chip, and a second one, perhaps an Nvidia GPU. # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Review:_Mageia_8⠀⇛ Mageia 8 is the latest version of this community distribution which can trace its roots back to Mandrake Linux. Like its ancestor, Mageia mostly focuses on offering a polished desktop experience with user friendly configuration tools. The latest release has a fairly conservative list of new features. Apart from the usual collection of package upgrades, Mageia provides faster processing of package data due to a change in compression technologies and migrates almost all packages from Python 2 to Python 3. Some additional work has been done to support the ARM architectures, though install media isn’t available yet for ARM platforms. We can download install media for 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x86_64) computers. Mageia offers several download options, including a large install ISO (4.2GB), live desktop flavours for KDE Plasma (3.4GB), GNOME (3.0GB), and Xfce (2.8GB). There are also network install options available in free and non-free firmware flavours. Most of the download options are available in 32-bit and 64-bit builds, though the live media for GNOME and Plasma are both 64-bit only while Xfce builds are provided for both architectures. I was originally heading out for a vacation when Mageia 8 was released and so another DistroWatch contributor offered to review the distribution. However, they ran into issues installing Mageia, then getting the distribution to boot. After a few days they reported the operating system would start, but there were several remaining issues, including trouble connection to USB devices and the touchpad on their laptop wouldn’t function while booted into Mageia. Given they did not have any success with the distribution, they passed it back to me and I resolved to review it once I finished playing with Void, a project I had just installed. I decided to download the live Plasma edition for 64-bit machines. Booting from the live media brings up a menu offering to boot the live distribution or install Mageia. Taking the default live option brings up a series of graphical configuration screens. These screens walk us through selecting our preferred language from a list, accepting the project’s license, picking our time zone, and confirming the keyboard’s layout. # § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Xubuntu_21.04_Beta_Run_Through⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at Xubuntu 21.04 Beta. # ⚓ Xubuntu_21.04_Beta⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Xubuntu 21.04 Beta. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.11, XFCE 4.16, and uses about 1.3GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Arch_Linux’s_Installation_Medium_Now_Provides_A Guided_Installer⠀⇛ Archinstall is guided/automated Arch Linux installer for those preferring a quick and easy way for deploying Arch Linux. If you are new to Linux or consider yourself an average computer user, getting Arch Linux would be a difficult task. It is a distro that eschews easy-do-everything-install in favor of a only-install-what-you-need streamlined installation. Until now. This month’s Arch Linux install media is shipping archinstall. # ⚓ The_Latest_Arch_Linux_ISO_Has_A_Fresh_New_Guided Installer⠀⇛ The community distribution Arch Linux has up to now required you to manually install it by entering a whole lot of scary commands in a terminal. Arch version 2021.04.01 features a new guided installer users who want to install Arch Linux can use.. by typing python -m archinstall guided into the console you get when you boot the Arch Linux installation ISO. It is not very novice-friendly, or user- friendly, but it gets the job done and it will work fine for those with some basic GNU/ Linux knowledge. [...] The “guided” installer does, of course, not start automatically. You will have to type python -m archinstall guided into the console you get when you boot the Arch Linux installation ISO if you want to use it. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ What’s_New_in_Fedora_34?_8_Reasons_to_Upgrade_or Switch⠀⇛ The Fedora Linux standard edition, also known as Fedora Workstation, is a rock-solid Linux distro that’s designed with developers and creators in mind. It’s a popular and powerful choice for anyone who wants an operating system that reliably works for you and lets you get to work. A contender for one of the best Linux distros out there, Fedora by default features the popular and powerful GNOME desktop environment. GNOME gives users a modern, organized, and clean experience that’s easy to navigate and use, whether you’re developing a complex programming project or just browsing the internet. The Fedora Project is backed by, among others, Red Hat, Inc., an open-source IT solutions firm. This kind of professional backing ensures Fedora will continue to see timely updates and helpful support for the foreseeable future. # ⚓ SCO_vs_IBM_Zombie_Lawsuit_Back_from_the_Dead⠀⇛ # ⚓ Software_Co._Challenges_IBM’s_$34B_Red_Hat_Buy,_Code ‘Theft’⠀⇛ o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Board::mini_development_tools_offer_a_complete_Vehicle- Hacking_Platform_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ If you are looking to connect to a vehicle’s CAN bus, then the newly launched open-source board:: mini development tools include a board and expansion boards that will aid your application. BMC labs have introduced a development board based on the STM32 MCU and supporting expansion boards to increase the capabilities of the baseboard via a crowdfunding project. As mentioned earlier, the board:mini base development board features an STM32 MCU at its heart and comes with a CAN transceiver. For those who do not know what a CAN transceiver is, it just transmits and detects data on the CAN bus. The board:mini project also includes three expansion boards designed to fit on top of the base development board. The bmc::board project was born to produce development tools appropriate for both field- and industrial-prototyping work. These boards were not designed to sit on a workbench. We ourselves have a habit of strapping them to vehicles, but…the qualities that make them suitable for our purposes translate quite nicely to other fields as well. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Minima_is_a_tiny_Arduino_Zero_compatible_module_with SAMD21_MCU_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ We’ve covered a fair amount of compact Arduino Zero compatible boards based on SAMD21 Cortex-M0+ microcontroller over the years including Exen Proto, Wemos D1 SAMD21, or Seeeduino XIAO with the latter being the smallest of them all at just 23.5 x 17.5 mm. All those boards come with a USB port (Micro USB or USB-C) by default that makes it easy to work with, but may not be ideal to integrate into projects or final products. That may be why Hamish Morley designed the Minima Arduino Zero compatible module with a size even smaller than the XIAO board at 19.8 x 16.6 mm, and the USB interface exposed through 4 pads instead of a connector. # ⚓ LinBits_39:_Weekly_Linux_Phone_news_/_media_roundup_ (week_13)⠀⇛ A new postmarketOS beta release, great DanctNIX changes, GTK4, Sxmo and Phosh releases and Nemo Mobile progress! Commentary in italics. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 5_best_games_like_PUBG_Mobile_Kr_for_low-end_Android devices_(2021)⠀⇛ # ⚓ 4_Ways_to_Check_Internet_Speed_on_Your_Android Smartphone_–_Gadgets_To_Use⠀⇛ # ⚓ 3_best_car_racing_games_for_Android_in_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ 11_new_Android_games_from_the_last_week:_The_best, worst,_and_everything_in_between_(3/29/21_–_4/4/21)⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_manage_your_Android_phone’s_notifications_| TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Turn_Off_Safe_Mode_on_Android⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNUnet_0.14.1_released⠀⇛ Continuing to “release early / release often”, we presentGNUnet 0.14.1. This is a bugfix release for gnunet 0.14.0. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Mr._Fix-It⠀⇛ But when it comes to details, it sounds as boring as fixing the plumbing. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Smithsonian_Institution_Marks_175th_Anniversary⠀⇛ The Smithsonian Institution is marking its 175th anniversary this year, and it expects to celebrate later this year with a futuristic exhibition that includes a robot to help prevent loneliness and a sail for deep space travel. The Smithsonian is the world’s largest museum complex, consisting of 19 museums, nine research centers, and the National Zoo. Established by the U.S. Congress in 1846, the Smithsonian was the brainchild of James Smithson, a wealthy English chemist who left his estate to the United States for the establishment of an institution in the nation’s capital “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.” With that broad concept, said Smithsonian historian Pamela Henson, the institution began collecting a vast array of items ranging from artwork to insects. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ LG_confirms_it’s_getting_out_of_the_smartphone_business⠀⇛ LG is exiting the smartphone business, the company confirmed today. The decision will “enable the company to focus resources in growth areas such as electric vehicle components, connected devices, smart homes, robotics, artificial intelligence and business-to-business solutions, as well as platforms and services,” LG said in a statement. Existing phones will remain on sale, and LG says it’ll continue to support its products “for a period of time which will vary by region.” The company hasn’t said anything about possible layoffs except that “details related to employment will be determined at the local level.” LG says it expects to have completed the business’ closure by the end of July this year. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ The_World_After_COVID⠀⇛ Everything Must Change is culled from the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25)’s online broadcasts from the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. The book’s editors, Renata Avila, a Guatemalan human rights lawyer, and Srecko Horvat, a Croatian philosopher, pulled together conversations that they and the Greek economist and writer Yannis Varoufakis conducted with an impressive mix of international leftist movers and shakers. The result is a commendably broad range of ideas about moving forward with left agendas. In a discussion with Roger Waters of Pink Floyd, Varoufakis calls for “a progressive international movement” committed to internationalism and solidarity. That vision dovetails with Horvat’s introductory explanation that Everything Must Change “is intended as a collective message that transnational cooperation and resistance, precisely in times of global lockdowns and police states, not only remains possible, but becomes necessary.” Varoufakis and Horvat practice what they preach by serving, along with Avila and other leftists from around the world, on the Council of Advisors for the Progressive International, a joint initiative of DiEM25 and the U.S.-based Sanders Institute. The Progressive International includes many participants from the Global South and aspires to an ecologically sustainable and just post- capitalist world, a common goal among the participants in Everything Must Change. # ⚓ Biden’s_Jobs_Plan_Expands_Access_to_Care_Outside_For-Profit Nursing_Homes⠀⇛ As the nation’s population ages, the need for more care workers and safer, more affordable care options is urgent. # ⚓ Some_Eligible_People_Are_Being_Denied_COVID_Vaccines. Chances_Are_It’s_Illegal.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Koch-Backed_Donor_Network_Wants_to_Blame_COVID_Deaths_on Public_Health_Measures⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_plastics_are_making_us_infertile_—_and_could_even_lead to_human_extinction⠀⇛ Dr. Shanna Swan, a professor of environmental medicine and public health at Mount Sinai school of medicine in New York City, has a new book out called “Count Down: How Our Modern World Is Threatening Sperm Counts, Altering Male and Female Reproductive Development, and Imperiling the Future of the Human Race.” In it she describes how various chemicals commonly found in plastic products are leading to a decline in fertility. The most striking example of this is in dropping sperm counts; if you have fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen, you are considered to have a low sperm count. Human beings are rapidly reaching that point, as Swan demonstrates in her book. Salon spoke with her about this issue over the phone; as always, this interview has been edited for length and clarity. # ⚓ What_To_Know_About_Eating_Cicadas_As_Trillions_of_Brood_X Bugs_Set_To_Emerge_in_U.S.⠀⇛ Trillions of insects known as cicadas are set to spring to life after 17 years living underground across the U.S. from next month, but the phenomenon won’t just be a chance to see a rare sight—it’s an opportunity to enjoy a rare snack. Biologists who have studied cicadas say they are not only safe to eat—but may actually taste quite nice when dipped in chocolate, made into a stir fry, cooked into a pizza, added to some fresh banana bread, or perhaps a rhubarb pie. # ⚓ Amid_rollout_imbroglio,_AstraZeneca’s_COVID_vaccine_has_at least_one_fresh_start:_A_new_brand_name⠀⇛ An AstraZeneca spokesperson confirmed the Europeans Medicines Agency had approved the brand name Vaxzevria for the vaccine in the EU, but added that the “review of the brand name in additional markets is ongoing.” The company has filed the Vaxzevria brand with the U.S. Patents and Trademarks office, according to records. # ⚓ AstraZeneca_Vaccine_Changes_Its_Name⠀⇛ The website of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), shows that the coronavirus vaccine from Anglo- Swedish pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and the British University of Oxford has changed its name to Vaxzevria, and indicates that Vaxzevria is composed of a modified adenovirus that, since it is not SARS-CoV-2 itself, cannot cause COVID-19. The portal of the Swedish National Medicines Agency (Läkemedelsverket) confirms that the name change was approved by the EMA on March 25 after a request from the company. # ⚓ [Old] Cicada-licious:_Cooking_and_Enjoying_Periodical Cicadas⠀⇛ Who to cook: newly hatched cicadas, called tenerals, are considered best for eating because their shells have not hardened. It is best to collect these in the very early hours of the morning, just after they have emerged, but before they have time to climb up out of reach. The best way to do this is to simply go outside with a brown paper bag and starting scooping them in. They should be blanched (boiled for 4-5 mintues) soon after collection and before you eat them! Not only will this make their insides solidify a bit, but it will get rid of any soil bacteria that is living on or in them. You can then cook with them immediately, or freeze them. Keep in mind that freezing them will work best for those that you are going to roast, as the consistency of the cicada may change and make them inappropriate for dishes which call for fresh cicadas. If you are unable to get any tenerals, then mature females are the next best thing. Adult males have very hollow abdomens and will not be much of a mouthful, but the females are filled with fat. Just be sure to remove all the hard parts, such as wings and legs before you use the adults. These parts will not harm you, but they are also not very tast. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubiquiti_All_But_Confirms_Breach_Response_Iniquity_– Krebs_on_Security⠀⇛ # ⚓ No_fooling:_Microsoft_cloud_outage_takes_Azure,_Teams and_Office_365_offline⠀⇛ Microsoft’s Azure cloud services, as well as Teams, Office 365, OneDrive, Skype, Xbox Live and Bing, were all inaccessible due to the outage. Even the Azure Status page was reportedly taken offline. The first reports of the outage emerged from users on Twitter, and were confirmed by the website DownDetector, which showed that reports began flooding in at about 5 p.m. EDT. It says it received thousands of notices from Xbox Live, Teams and Office users. # ⚓ University_of_California_victim_of_ransomware attack⠀⇛ The University of California (UC) said Wednesday that it was the victim of a ransomware attack. The state university system said in a statement published to its website UCNet, that its institution, along with several other government agencies, private companies and other schools have been involved in an attack through the use of Accellion, a secure filing transfer company. # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Maine_Should_Take_This_Chance to_Defund_the_Local_Intelligence_Fusion Center⠀⇛ “The first decade of the 21st century is characterized by a blank check to grow and expand the infrastructure that props up mass surveillance. Fusion centers are at the very heart of that excess.” Maine state representative Charlotte Warren (D) has introduced LD1278 (HP938), or An Act To End the Maine Information and Analysis Center Program, a bill that would defund the Maine Information and Analysis Center (MIAC), also known as Maine’s only fusion center. EFF is happy to support this bill in hopes of defunding an unnecessary, intrusive, and often-harmful piece of the U.S. surveillance regime. You can read the full text of the bill here (pdf). # ⚓ Personal_data_of_533_million_Facebook users_leaks_online⠀⇛ Personal data from 533 million Facebook accounts has reportedly leaked online for free, according to security researcher Alon Gal. Insider said it verified several of the leaked records. “The exposed data includes personal information of over 533 million Facebook users from 106 countries, including over 32 million records on users in the US, 11 million on users in the UK, and 6 million on users in India,” according to Insider. “It includes their phone numbers, Facebook IDs, full names, locations, birthdates, bios, and — in some cases — email addresses.” # ⚓ MyPillow_CEO_Mike_Lindell’s_Social_Media Site_to_Give_‘Bonus’_to_YouTube-Banned Users⠀⇛ In an interview with The Eric Metaxas Show published on March 30, Lindell said his own service, called Frank, is scheduled to launch within the next two weeks and pitched it as a mixture of video uploads, personal posts and community discussion forums. “Everybody [is] coming over, and they will be able to talk without worrying about getting kicked off YouTube. On my platform if you get kicked off YouTube you are going to get a bonus,” Lindell said during the show. “We give bonuses if you are kicked off YouTube. You know why? That means you are actually speaking your mind again.” o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Children_must_be_protected_from_ideologies_other_than Islam:_Turkey’s_top_religious_body⠀⇛ The head of Turkey’s Religious Affairs Directorate (Diyanet) has said that children must be protected from ideologies other than Islam, as he warned against “organizations that promote deism and atheism.” o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ How_a_Chicago_teacher_sparked_a_‘memory_war,’_forcing Lithuania_to_confront_its_Nazi_past⠀⇛ Foti’s revelations ignited a firestorm in Lithuania when they emerged two years ago. Laid out in painstaking detail in a book published last month, they have contributed to an increasingly toxic public debate over Noreika’s legacy and what role Lithuanians played alongside Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Arctic_mining_takes_centre_stage_in_Greenland_election⠀⇛ A rare earth and uranium mining project proposed by an Australian company and backed by Chinese investors in the south of the island in Kuannersuit could provide a massive windfall that would supplement Greenland’s main industry, fishing. But in February, a political crisis erupted when a junior party quit the coalition government over the project, leading to Tuesday’s early elections for parliament’s 31 seats. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Study_Sounds_Latest_Warning_of_Rainforest_Turning Into_Savanna_as_Climate_Warms⠀⇛ “What is happening at the Amazon-Cerrado boundary may be a precursor for feverish tropical forests across the world. Unlike humans, these forests won’t have air conditioners or sunscreens to protect them.” As the planet warms, it isn’t just humans who are feeling the heat—trees are too. Rising temperatures are disrupting a primary engine of life on Earth: photosynthesis. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Six_Ways_Chevron_Imperils_Climate,_Human_Rights, and_Racial_Justice⠀⇛ “These six examples illustrate a stunning array of corporate abuse, deception, and misconduct by one of the world’s largest and most powerful corporations.” Although we’re barely one quarter into 2021, multiple forces are squeezing Chevron for the preventable harm it is inflicting on the global climate. The company is also being dragged for its greenwashing, its role in perpetuating racial injustice in the United States, and its violations of Indigenous peoples’ rights and other human rights from Burma/Myanmar to Ecuador. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Analysis:_Fossil_Fuel_Tax_Programs_to_Cut_Emissions Lead_to_Lots_of_Industry_Profit,_Little_Climate Action⠀⇛ Recently, claims have been surfacing of companies taking the taxpayer money offered to incentivize these actions but not following through on reducing their emissions. In March, for example, Reuters reported that Congress has opened an investigation into problems with the government’s “clean coal” tax credit. This is after Reuters revealed that financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs, were making huge profits off the program, despite it not effectively reducing emissions. # ⚓ A_Green_New_Deal_Is_Actually_More_Affordable_in_the Long_Term_Than_Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛ With global warming representing humanity’s greatest existential crisis, reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050, as recommended by the 2018 report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), should be one of the U.S.’s most urgent priorities. We need a Green New Deal now. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Bessemer_Workers_Subsidize_Amazon_Through_Local_Tax._A Union_Could_Challenge_It.⠀⇛ A gainst all odds, the town of Bessemer, Alabama has made national headlines as the potential spark of a revitalized labor movement. Amazon workers’ fight to unionize the local BHM1 Amazon fulfillment center has put the capitalist repression of workers and class power dynamics — which Amazon so perfectly represents — in full view. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden_Could_Chart_a_New_Path_for_US_on_Palestinian_Rights. Will_He?⠀⇛ Every day my friend in Palestine sends me the local paper as a way to keep in touch. For the past five decades, the headlines have been consistent: “Land Annexed,” “Trees Uprooted,” “Houses Demolished,” “Curfew Inflicted,” “Youth Arrested,” “Village Attacked,” Young Man Shot”… often all on the same front page. For the last year, they have also included a tally of COVID-19 cases and fatalities. # ⚓ Rashida_Tlaib_Hails_Shift_in_House_Dems’_Views_on Palestinian_Human_Rights⠀⇛ “Just a few years ago, it would have been unthinkable to have 12 members of Congress refer to Israeli occupation as colonialism, so I have no doubt that the needle on Palestinian human rights is moving.” Referring to a recent letter in which a dozen House Democrats called on the Biden administration to oppose Israeli “settler colonialism” in Palestine, Rep. Rashida Tlaib on Friday said that support is growing like never before in Congress for Palestinian human rights. # ⚓ Rep._Eric_Swalwell_Republicans_smear_me_on_Fox_News_then want_to_grab_dinner._But_Congress_isn’t_the_WWE.⠀⇛ Many of my Republican colleagues also don’t see the people they represent as constituents to serve; they see fans to entertain, thinking this will help them win re-election. But Congress shouldn’t be like WWE wrestling. You can’t smash a chair over someone’s head in the ring, then hang out backstage like it was all an act, and still expect to make any real progress on behalf of the people who elected us. The preoccupation with putting on a show often devastates the relationships required for bipartisan cooperation. My friend and constituent Donald James of Pleasanton, California, recently retired as NASA’s associate administrator for education, a position in which he worked to inspire the next generation of scientists, engineers and explorers. He’s among the most thoroughly decent and deeply thoughtful people I know. In February he published a book titled, “Manners Will Take You Where Brains and Money Won’t,” positing that our manners signal our authenticity; the way you speak and interact with others creates the foundation for a fulfilling and meaningful life. As I had the honor of writing in the book’s foreword: “Don’t mistake this for some milquetoast, go-along-to-get-along philosophy. Being consistently genuine, polite and principled is a learned skill and hard work. It requires you to step outside your comfort zone, to subvert your reflexive impulse to hit back, and to constantly think about how to stay on the higher ground. It is in many ways a spiritual undertaking and a journey that never ends.” This lesson is lost on many members of Congress. # ⚓ [Old] The_Bantus_should_be_asked_about_Ilhan_Omar’s_new appointment_to_human_rights_committee⠀⇛ Ilhan Omar’s appointment to the role of vice chairwoman of the subcommittee with jurisdiction over Africa and global human rights issues is absurd if one considers she belongs to an Arab tribe with a long history of racism and ethnic cleansing against the Bantus fwhich she has never repudiated. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden_Administration_Has_Detained_Migrant_Minors_in_“Toxic Military_Sites”⠀⇛ In a move that was condemned by environmental justice advocates on Friday, President Joe Biden’s administration earlier this week sent 500 unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors to Fort Bliss — a highly contaminated and potentially hazardous military base in El Paso, Texas — and is reportedly considering using additional toxic military sites as detention centers for migrant children in U.S. custody. # ⚓ End_Migrant_Warehousing⠀⇛ The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has custody of 11,800 minors, at more than 100 sites nationwide. HHS receives children from the Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of the Department of Homeland Security. The HHS’s Office of Refugee Resettlement quarantines unaccompanied minors, and then holds these kids until they turn 18 or are deported, unless relatives or other sponsors can be found to house them for the duration of their immigration court cases. The HHS website claims: “Every effort is made to ensure minors can communicate (via telephone or video) at least twice per week.” To whom? To a child, the wait must seem interminable. In FY 2020, migrant children waited, on average, 102 days. # ⚓ On_Non-Judicical_Punishment_of_Individuals⠀⇛ However, there is also the non-judicial punishment of individuals which is meted out today by large populations on the [Internet]. These people are expressing their 1st amendment right to free speech, often to punish someone who is well worthy of such punishment but will not be reached by any judicial means. We reach the problems with this when we consider the lack of features of the judicial process that exist in such punishment. Obviously, the accused doesn’t get the chance to have evidence heard fairly in a court and evaluated by a jury of their peers. The last time I was empanelled on such a jury, I heard 21 days of testimony from witnesses and experts, and was well able to make a decision, which (as required, or “innocence” is automatic) was unanimous among the other jurors. Nobody works one hundredth so hard upon a non- judicial punishment, perhaps with the single exception of the vanishing breed of investigative journalists. There is no formal “jury”, no standard for guilt or innocence, no sentencing guideline and limit, no accountability among those who mete out punishment. # ⚓ Turkey’s_state-run_broadcaster_TRT_‘enforces_gender segregation_based_on_Islam’⠀⇛ State-run Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) enforces gender segregation in their offices and violates the principles of secularism, main opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) deputy Gamze Akkuş İlgezdi said. The deputy said that some 1,260 candidates who took an exam to get a position at the broadcaster were forced to take the test in separate rooms, the daily Evrensel reported on April 1. # ⚓ Muslim_leaders_reject_wealth_sharing_Bill⠀⇛ Mr Mwasa added that in the Bill, the distribution law does not apply to Muslims, some of whom have more than one wife. “In Islamic teaching, it’s not about percentage but fractions; it says if the husband dies, the surviving wife receives one fourth of the assets and one–eighth of the assets, if she has children. Children share the remaining part of that estate, with boys taking twice of what the girls take,” he added. # ⚓ We_have_turned_sex_into_a_dangerous,_fraught_experience_for teenagers⠀⇛ Meanwhile, parents and teachers are to blame for transforming teen sexuality into a hostile, overheated political minefield. Regardless of what’s been done to them, girls are being set up to suffer. Instead of letting kids work sexuality out, which they mostly will if left to their own devices, adults are forcing an excessive, politicised sex education on them from a young age. We have seen this to a tragic degree with trans awareness: the number of children seeking puberty- blockers has risen, just as the amount of parental and educational discourse about it, all under the “inclusivity” banner, has too. I for one am incredibly grateful that my friends and I could go through tomboy phases with nobody suggesting we ought to consider sex change surgery. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Amazon_Apologizes_to_Pocan,_Admits_Drivers_Do_Sometimes_Pee in_Bottles⠀⇛ “We know that drivers can and do have trouble finding restrooms because of traffic or sometimes rural routes,” the tech titan conceded. Faced with irrefutable evidence and the prospect of yet another public relations debacle, Amazon apologized on Friday to Rep. Mark Pocan for an “incorrect” tweet denying that its delivery drivers sometimes urinate in bottles while on the job because they don’t have time to find and use restrooms.  # ⚓ Damages_awards_in_China[Ed: "Damages" is misnomer at this point]⠀⇛ In the latest update from members of the MARQUES China Team, Ms Haiyu Li and Mr Tingxi Huo summarise recent developments regarding damages, and the latest decision in the New Balance case. SPC interprets IPR punitive damages The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of China released the Interpretation Concerning Application of Punitive Damages in Civil Cases of Intellectual Property Right Infringement, effective 3 March 2021, which includes seven rules. The Interpretation addresses issues such as wilfulness, bad faith, wilful infringement factors, severe scenarios and means of calculation. In recent years, China amended its laws relating to trade marks, copyright, patents, seeds, unfair competition and the civil code and updated the relevant judicial interpretations. Accordingly, significantly heavier fines and higher damages have been provided, which is expected to greatly improve the IPR enforcement environment and deter infringers. However, the amended laws and interpretations are s # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple_patent_describes_recycled-content_aluminum_it used⠀⇛ A patent applied for by electronics maker Apple shows it used recycled-content aluminum made with used beverage containers (UBCs) layered with another aluminum alloy to create the all-aluminum cladding it offers for some of its MacBook laptop computers. An article on the PatentlyApple.com website was posted by a writer who studied two recently published United States Patent and Trademark Office patents pertaining to the metals used in the MacBook Air computers. One of the two patents focuses on a heat- treating process, according to PatentlyApple, while the other is titled “Cosmetic Aluminum Alloys made from Recycled Aluminum Scrap.” That second patent indicates UBC-content cansheet was used as a substrate in the MacBook cladding. The substrate was then layered over with a custom-designed alloy consisting of aluminum and several other metals. # ⚓ Obviousness-Type_Double_Patenting_and_Divisional Applications_in_Canada⠀⇛ Obviousness-type double patenting (“OTDP”) arises when two or more patents or applications include claims that, while not being identical, are not patentably distinct from each other. In the U.S., OTDP rejections can be overcome by filing a terminal disclaimer that limits the term of the rejected application to be no greater than the term of the disclaimed patent. In Canada, however, terminal disclaimers are not available to overcome OTDP rejections. To overcome an OTDP rejection in Canada, the claims can be amended to become patentably distinct, or persuasive arguments can be presented that explains why the pending claims are already patentably distinct. Amending the claims to become patentably distinct is not always desirable. Thus, when developing patent portfolios that will include patents with overlapping subject matter, OTDP rejections in Canada should be avoided. One way to do so is to include all possible claims in the original application, thereby provoking a Lack of Unity rejection. The Canadian patent office will then likely respond by grouping all of claims according to each alleged invention, which can then be used as a basis for filing divisional applications that are immune from OTDP rejections. # ⚓ Patenting_is_Such_Sweet_Sorrow_–_a_Panela_Patent Explained⠀⇛ A few months ago, there was an article in the New York Times by Jennie Erin Smith titled, “Colombians Ask: Who Would Dare Patent Panela?” [1] The article explains that ‘panela’ is an unrefined form of cane sugar prepared from the boiling of sugarcane juice, and its use has been widespread in Latin America for hundreds of years. According to the article, the panela process was somehow recently patented in the United States, under U.S. Patent No. 10,632,167. Since international patent laws, including those in the United States, require absolute novelty and non-obviousness as a pre-condition for patentability, my interest as an intellectual property professional was piqued. How could something in use for over 300 years suddenly become patentable? Surely the U.S. Patent Office would not have allowed such a well- known process to be patented, would it? How was this patent, U.S. Patent No. 10,632,167, allowed? And does the patent cover what the article implies? Finally, if for some reason such a patent were accidentally granted by mistake, has anyone yet challenged the so- called panela patent by using any one of the many corrective procedures the U.S. Patent Office offers to third parties, including post-grant review (PGR) and inter partes review (IPR)? What’s the real intellectual property story here? # ⚓ Pursuit_or_threat_of_antisuit_injunction_gives_rise to_strong_presumption_of_implementer’s_unwillingness_to take_FRAND_license:_Munich_I_Regional_Court⠀⇛ This is a follow-up to yesterday’s post, which mentioned that Ericsson is peddling Munich case law on antisuit injunctions in a U.S. appeals court, but even more so to my March 10 post on the recent quadruple- antisuit injunction in InterDigital v. Xiaomi, a judgment in which the Landgericht München I (Munich I Regional Court) laid out a rather inclusive list of criteria entitling standard-essential patent (SEP) holders to A2SIs and A4SIs in Munich (for the AxSI notation, see an earlier post). The part of the InterDigital v. Xiaomi decision that has the industry even more concerned than the wide availability of (even pre-emptive) A2SIs and A4SIs is a dictum by the Seventh Civil Chamber (Presiding Judge: Dr. Matthias Zigann) according to which someone moving for an ASI or threatening to do so may effectively lose their FRAND defense in Munich. As I’ve reported in connection with other cases, German SEP case law took a negative turn last year with Sisvel v. Haier, which the Federal Court of Justice reinforced a few months later in Sisvel v. Haier II. At least in Munich and Mannheim (both patent litigation divisions in either case), the Huawei v. ZTE FRAND analysis is practically limited to the question of whether the implementer (i.e., the alleged infringer) is a willing licensee. Practically, that hurdle is presently insurmountable in Munich, and the only safe harbor in Mannheim is an Art. 315 offer, i.e., a binding offer to take a license on FRAND terms subject to judicial determination if the parties can’t agree. Thankfully, the Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court’s patent litigation division under Presiding Judge Andreas Voss (“Voß” in German) overruled the Mannheim court in that regard. # ⚓ Broad_Files_Motion_in_Opposition_to_CVC_Priority Motion⠀⇛ In its most recent motion, Broad argues that CVC did not have conception of the invention defined by the ’115 Interference Count because the person of ordinary skill in the art could not have any reasonable expectation of success in ARTP from the evidence CVC uses in support of its motion, citing Hitzeman v. Rutter, 243 F.3d 1345, 1357-58 (Fed. Cir. 2001). As a reminder, conception is “the formation in the mind of the inventor, of a definite and permanent idea of the complete and operative invention, as it is hereafter to be applied in practice.” Hybritech Inc. v. Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., 802 F.2d 1367, 1376, 231 U.S.P.Q. 81, 87 (Fed. Cir. 1986), citing Coleman v. Dines, 754 F.2d 353, 359, 224 USPQ 857, 862 (Fed. Cir. 1985). Since conception occurs in the mind of the inventor, there must be “corroborating evidence of a contemporaneous disclosure that would enable one of ordinary skill to make the invention.” Burroughs Wellcome, Id. at 1919, citing Coleman v. Dines, 754 F.2d 353, 359, 224 USPQ 857, 862 (Fed. Cir. 1985). However, conception of a method does not require knowledge that the invention will work for its intended purpose. Burroughs Wellcome Co. v. Barr Labs, Inc., 40 F.3d 1223, 32 USPQ 2d 1915 (Fed. Cir. 1994). Relevant to Broad’s arguments in their motion, in Burroughs Wellcome, the claims of the patents-in-suit were directed to methods for using AZT for treating AIDS, and the issue was whether the AZT inventors had conceived of the claimed methods before obtaining evidence that AZT could indeed provide an effective treatment for HIV infection. Id. at 1225. The Burroughs Wellcome defendants argued that for an invention in an “uncertain or experimental discipline, where the inventor cannot reasonably believe an idea will be operable until some result supports that conclusion,” conception occurs only when there is experimental confirmation that the invention works for its intended purpose. Id. at 1228. The Federal Circuit was clear, stating: “ [b]ut this is not the law. An inventor’s belief that his invention will work or his reasons for choosing a particular approach are irrelevant to conception.” Id., citing MacMillan v. Moffett, 432 F.2d 1237, 1239, 167 U.S.P.Q. 550, 552 (CCPA 1970). This is sufficient for conception, unless there is evidence of subsequent experimental failure (the argument Broad relies upon in their argument against CVC): “[a] conception is not complete if the subsequent course of experimentation, especially experimental failures, reveals uncertainty that so undermines the specificity of the inventor’s idea that it is not yet a definite and permanent reflection of the complete invention as it will be used in practice.” Id. at 1229, citing Rey-Bellet v. Engelhardt, 493 F.2d 1380, 1387, 181 U.S.P.Q. 453, 457-58 (CCPA 1974). Although stated differently (and in a way that is supported by the Board’s decision in prior Interference No. 106,048 as affirmed by the Federal Circuit), Broad’s argument is that CVC’s conception was flawed as evidenced by repeated failures to reduce the invention to practice. Broad also supports this assertion by contemporaneous statements by CVC’s named inventors as well as statements by experts CVC recruited in its efforts to achieve ARTP from the time of its asserted conception (March 1, 2012) to the priority date accorded by the Board in this interference, the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/757,640, January 28, 2013. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Nonfungible_Tokens_Are_Garnering_Millions_of_Dollars, But_Where_Does_Their_Value_Come_From?⠀⇛ Where does the underlying value of an NFT come from? The issue is that perceptions of what the buyer is paying for are not easily framed in legal terms. NFT marketplaces do not always accurately describe the value proposition of the goods they are selling. The truth is that the value of any NFT is speculative. Its value is determined by what someone else is willing to pay for it and nothing else. Turning something as ephemeral as a tweet into an item that can be sold requires two things: making it unique and proving ownership. The process is the same for cryptocurrencies, which turn strings of bits into virtual coins that have real-world value. It boils down to cryptography. # ⚓ What_do_you_buy_when_you_buy_an_NFT?⠀⇛ On March 23, the technology sections of several news websites reported the same story. “Jack Dorsey’s first ever tweet sells for $2.9m” said the BBC. “Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey sells first tweet as an NFT for $2.9M”, wrote CNET. The Wall Street Journal went with a similar headline, as well as most other publications. As I pointed out on Twitter, these headlines were inaccurate, the tweet did not sell because it was never for sale. What was sold was not the actual tweet, but a non-fungible token (NFT) of it. As I have discussed in the two previous blog posts dealing with NFTs (here and here), an NFT is not the actual work itself, but it is often a chunk of metadata that has been encrypted using the original work. [...] It is true that there are a few such projects, but these tend to be limited because the cost of writing data into the blockchain is often prohibitive. This is a feature, not a bug, in Ethereum the cost of uploading a kilobyte of data is 640k gas (as explained in this yellow paper). At the time of writing, this would amount roughly to $13.61 USD per kb (this varies depending on a lot of factors). However, everything in cryptoland is determined by supply and demand, so the more you upload, the more it costs to upload it. Therefore, the cost of uploading data to the ETH blockchain increases exponentially, as described in the chart shown (source). According to this, the cost of uploading a megabyte to the ETH blockchain today would be around $475 USD. The result is that the existing artwork uploaded to the blockchain is limited by size, and in my opinion the results are not particularly impressive (I’ll let you be the judge). # ⚓ Around_the_Blogs⠀⇛ The buzz surrounding non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has been picked up by several IP blogs, with both TechnoLlama and The Fashion Law reflecting on what one buys when purchasing an NFT and where its value comes from. # ⚓ Film_Company_Targets_TorrentFreak_Article_over ‘Mandalorian_Piracy’⠀⇛ Google was asked to remove a TorrentFreak article from its search results this week. The article in question reported that “The Mandalorian” was the most pirated TV show of 2020. Interestingly, it’s not Disney who takes offense with our reporting, but GFM Films. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 3931 ➮ Generation completed at 02:40, i.e. 66 seconds to (re)generate ⟲