𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Sunday, April 11, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Mon 12 Apr 02:39:53 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmcjYkx6RyxNc5KYfdiGaUwzwwhudtPJqbH7quCKBTzTmq QmcJTEQCo8C8PEPNccnTtTEqmNWXL5T6wt4cJy2Qi8V24R QmdquhaPfSFCNiLgWpAfp5btpG4xZqsEDiYTUJWmRYbRCb QmQMpGMtduZUgPB6kM5gaAJFCrTTq9uAF7BwwvGhHbhabU QmZKx5MdRst26pF2CyyKi12vx2w2fEiBPxuFKUtWVa8fRW QmeqRbrWZSa9SLLj5WbbtfaaVc1tSLAcgaXD3g25i4ZJAp QmWJUrDJ8Cf9hRZ5fafvtT2j91xgpVXyaC9dSViC9Se3Gs QmPo4ULvpZ9dRioy8uexm42ZvGeU7Y6hfXiMwoKgdmsZLL QmQ1yCXoPDRwKojz9SgfepgmHfpLF28G5JZAArDw23jAfs QmS49zjHhvuzfju3bRewb5YU2Tiq9XxkSHhkAUWE5UZRfp QmcgvE2hahZeHqAkmiPpZShMS6acjd7c2xsqQjst7fwe5C QmabRpXAiu8QWW7aRXPmFosJwFbutc2cqWQN9eDtphmXA1 QmXsxoiXhzCauBSW5BYPY8CvBaXz3tsnmLb2wAaNsdVR2x QmTvzZVS9WvEBmqbe4Uf4KqTAiBjJozeZyTFFTsQ3qeVTj QmZQkUFf5H5GbJxhfB7wDcaMCZsoiuC3iXuGLcbUR5jFkg QmRncCwYP1fnJwvtmWDFvSSSPPzJXwSJc1hFgvaPJdxSyr QmaCn9TPxV4CNhgPtg3QPu6b68yLSLufr54X2JPro2ZpNX QmRECAKDtPGBk59mTWG5tjDDQMbPncttn2YvJhZgkBoihH QmQoGLXGKhEnGzM1kJmmAvMqf3qNTAKBULypQpGWYf5Uxk QmZ1tmGugDNECc6HWK6RAXyor4DYe8kwbyrb8zp1iXVv6Q QmbTzTqQXooSZzCFQCVHrCZsbnA5SXB2JuVPyQgZfNkYW2 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPOLeaks on Misleading the Bundestag - Part 13: The Failed Promise of a “Good Governance” Guru… | Techrights ⦿ EPOLeaks on Misleading the Bundestag - Part 14: The Notorious Revolving Door | Techrights ⦿ Challenging Times for EPO Management | Techrights ⦿ All EPO Articles Are Available Over Gemini Protocol | Techrights ⦿ Gemini Gateways for IPFS | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Saturday, April 10, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Judge and JURI | Techrights ⦿ “The Fighters of Freedom” | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/bundestagate-part-13/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/bundestagate-part-14/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/epo-accountability-juri/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/eponia-over-gemini-protocol/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/gemini-gateways-for-ipfs/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/irc-log-100421/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/juri-poem/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/rms-anime/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/gnupg-2-3-0/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 68 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/bundestagate-part-13/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/bundestagate-part-13/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_13:_The_Failed_Promise_of_a_“Good Governance”_Guru…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:12 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_1:_How_the_Bundestag_Was_(and_Continues_to be)_Misled_About_EPO_Affairs 2. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_2:_Lack_of_Parliamentary_Oversight,_Many Questions_and_Few_Answers… 3. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_3:_A_“Minor_Interpellation”_in_the_German Bundestag 4. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_4:_Parroting_the_GDPR-Compliance_Myth 5. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_5:_The_Federal_Eagle’s_Disconcerting Metamorphosis 6. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_6:_Dr_Petri_Starts_the_Ball Rolling… 7. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_7:_Ms_Voßhoff_Alerts_the Bundestag… 8. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_8:_The_EPO’s_Tweedledum, Raimund_Lutz 9. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_9:_A_Veritable_Virtuoso_of Legal_Sophistry 10. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_10:_A_Faithful_Lapdog Despised_and_Reviled_by_EPO_Staff 11. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Appendix_(Benoît_Battistelli’s Vichy_Syndrome):_Georges_Henri_Léon_Battistelli_and_Charles_Robert Battistelli 12. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_11:_The_BMJV’s_Tweedledee:_Dr Christoph_Ernst 13. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_12:_A_Worthy_Successor_to_His Mentor? 14. You are here ☞ The Failed Promise of a “Good Governance” Guru… 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇The compliance masters⦈ Ernst was billed as one of the top speakers at a “Compliance Masters” conference in Berlin (2008). Original: Compliance_Masters [PDF] Summary: Before becoming an absent-minded Vice-President of António_Campinos Christoph Ernst was posing as the very opposite of what he would become (see “Anti-Kurruption” above) As we saw in the_last_part, Christoph Ernst’s career in the Justice Ministry started to gain traction following his appointment as head of a legislative reform project in the area of German accounting law, the Bilanzrechtsmodernisierungsgesetz or BilMoG. It is worth noting here that – in addition to accounting regulations – the BilMoG also contains a series of provisions aimed at improving “corporate governance”. “Because of his leading role in the BilMoG project, Ernst soon found himself in great demand as a guest speaker at various business networking events and as a guest contributor to corporate accountancy journals.”In particular, the BilMoG prescribes that the Supervisory_Board of a company has to guarantee the effectiveness of the company’s internal control systems, check the internal audit function and evaluate the risk management system. To assist the Supervisory Board in this regard, an Audit Committee which reports to the Board is foreseen. Because of his leading role in the BilMoG project, Ernst soon found himself in great demand as a guest speaker at various business networking events and as a guest contributor to corporate accountancy journals. For example, at the end of 2007 he contributed an_article [PDF] to the “Audit Committee Quarterly”, a newsletter published by the German branch of KMPG’s Audit_Committee_Institute. In this article he expounded on the topic of “BilMoG – a milestone for the strengthening and efficiency of German accounting law”. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Audit Committee⦈ Dr Christoph Ernst, the “corporate governance” guru: Passionate about Audit Committees – as long as they remain outside the EPO! In September 2008, he was billed as one of the top speakers at a “Compliance Masters” conference which took place in Berlin. On that occasion he was lined- up to speak on the topic of “The Challenge of the EU Audit Directive” in a presentation focused on “New Corporate Governance Requirements”. “If Ernst had pressed for badly needed reforms and improvements to the governance and oversight structures of the EPO he could have made a valuable contribution in this area. Unfortunately his track record over the last decade shows that he failed to live up to that particular promise.”It would appear that back in those days Ernst greatly enjoyed basking in his public image as a “good governance” guru. He seems to have been keen to present himself at every available opportunity as an “audit committee expert” and “compliance master”. Because of this it is reasonable to suppose that he could have put his knowledge of such matters to good use in the context of the EPO. If Ernst had pressed for badly needed reforms and improvements to the governance and oversight structures of the EPO he could have made a valuable contribution in this area. Unfortunately his track record over the last decade shows that he failed to live up to that particular promise. Amongst other things, he failed to bring any detectable level of passion and commitment to the EPO_Audit_Committee_debate. This is in stark contrast to his apparent enthusiasm for the subject when dealing with accounting standards bodies such as KMPG’s Audit Committee Institute. In the end it would appear that the only real talent which Ernst showed as a “compliance master” during his tenure as Chair of the Administrative Council was his ability to masterfully comply with the whims and vagaries of “Il Capo” Benoît_Battistelli – the very person that he was supposed to supervise! In this way Ernst effectively made himself an accessory to the vicious and cynical excesses of Battistelli’s managerialist “reign of terror” à_la_France Telecom. “…the Council – under Ernst’s stewardship – was too timid and supine to enforce its authority over the rogue President (who had formerly been Chairman of the Council).”Ernst’s inability to face up to his own responsibility in this regard was revealed in an interview which he gave to the German law magazine JUVE in November_2017. (Local_copy [PDF]) Referring between the lines to the intense social conflict inside the EPO, Ernst openly admitted that the verdict on the reforms which had been implemented during the preceding years would “certainly be clouded by the fact that President Battistelli has overseen a very rigid regime with a heavy-handed approach.” He then went on to state that he “would have occasionally liked to see more compromise and more understanding for differing interests.” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO worship⦈ Under Ernst’s stewardship the Council was too timid and supine to rein in the rogue President Battistelli. “In the next part we shall look at how the notorious revolving door arrangement between the Administrative Council and the senior management of the European Patent Office may have contributed to this unfortunate state of affairs.”This is a piece of mealy-mouthed prevarication which deliberately glosses over the relevant facts. Namely, that Battistelli – in his capacity as EPO President – was subject to the authority of the Administrative Council which he apparently refused to obey. And that the Council – under Ernst’s stewardship – was too timid and supine to enforce its authority over the rogue President (who had formerly been Chairman of the Council). In the next part we shall look at how the notorious revolving door arrangement between the Administrative Council and the senior management of the European Patent Office may have contributed to this unfortunate state of affairs. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⡛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠉⠉⡟⢉⣁⠏⠉⢳⠈⠋⢹⡏⢹⠉⣉⠹⠉⣿⢹⠏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣐⣡⣫⣕⣨⣃⣻⣗⣁⣰⢐⣆⣄⣀⣆⣠⣂⣀⣀⣾⣁⣜⣠⣃⣀⣝⣇⣢⣀⣶⣰⣀⣆⣿⣿ ⣧⣀⣀⣧⣈⡉⣄⣀⡼⢀⣆⣸⣇⣸⣀⡋⢰⣄⣉⣸⣆⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢛⠛⡛⢑⠛⡛⠛⠛⣻⢛⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣭⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣉⣀⣉⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣉⣜⣉⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⡻⠿⣿⡿⠋⢉⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠈⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢃⠀⠀⠀⢠⠃⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠀⡠⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⠻⣧⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⣿⣿⢠⠄⡇⣤⢠⠈⠀⡆⠁⢸⠠⠐⠀⡆⡄⢘⠠⣦⠁⣀⠇⡀⢃⠀⠇⡀⡄⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⠀⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⠖⠲⠗⠺⠖⠲⠖⠲⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠰⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡱⡀⠀⠀⢀⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⡇⣸⢸⠏⠿⠁⣙⠘⣛⢘⢛⢙⢘⢙⠛⠏⡟⠻⣿⠿⠿⢿⡇⢌⢛⠋⢙⠟⠟⢛⢛⠋⢙⠘⡛⡟⡛⠛⠃⢛⢻⢻⢘⢙⢻⢻⢛⣿⠿⠿⢿⡟⠛⠘⣛⢙⢻⠻⠛⡆⠈⠛⡋⡛⠛⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣧⣼⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣾⣾⣶⣼⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣴⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠱⣶⢩⠉⡉⡍⡍⡍⠀⢸⠉⠋⡉⡏⡝⢉⣟⡇⣛⠈⡉⣍⠍⢹⢹⢹⡉⣥⠪⢙⢩⢩⢸⢉⡋⡍⠉⡏⡍⡏⠍⢉⢩⠉⢻⣟⣛⣛⠏⠜⡍⡝⢨⡅⣛⢈⢴⠩⠋⣭⢩⢹⢩⢩⠁⢨⠘⠍⡍⡍⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣧⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣧⣤⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣶⣴⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣷⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡏⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠉⠉⠏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢻⢛⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⡟⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢛⠻⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠳⠓⠟⠛⠻⠻⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠦⠴⠶⠶⠶⡶⡶⡶⢶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠶⠶⠶⠦⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣴⣤⣤⣀⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⠉⠙⡋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠉⠙⠉⡋⠉⠉⠋⠉⠋⠙⠉⠋⠉⠋⠋⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠟⠻⢿⠓⠟⠻⠿⠟⠿⠚⠻⠟⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠟⠛⠟⠟⠟⠿⠷⠿⠷⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⠶⠶⠒⠖⠶⢶⠲⠶⠒⠶⠖⠶⢶⠖⠲⠷⠲⠲⠶⠶⠶⠖⠲⣶⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠶⣶⠦⣶⣶⣶⡶⢷⣶⡶⣶⠶⢶⣶⡦⠴⠶⣼⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⠤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣤⣴⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣦⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣄⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣈⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣉⣈⣁⣃⣉⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣢⣶⣦⣶⣲⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣿⢹⣿⣿⡏⣿⣵⣯⣿⢹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡟⣷⣯⣿⢹⣾⣽⣮⣿⢹⣾⢹⣾⢻⣿⣿⣾⡇⣿⠫⠾⢽⡯⠷⠟⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⡏⣿⢷⡏⣿⣵⣿⢸⡟⠵⠯⣿⢹⣾⢸⡽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣧⣿⣽⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣛⣿⣷⣽⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣼⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣯⣿⣽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣽⣯⣿⣼⣿⣼⣿⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⢤⢤⣤⢠⣄⡤⡄⢄⡀⢠⡄⡀⡀⣠⢠⣀⠀⡤⡄⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢠⣠⣠⢀⡀⣀⠀⣄⣀⢀⣀⡄⣄⣀⢀⣠⢀⡀⢠⢀⣄⣠⢤⡄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠘⠉⠃⠋⠋⠻⠃⠘⠃⠚⠛⠓⠛⠛⠘⠙⠀⠳⠚⠚⠘⠛⠃⠃⠛⠛⠘⠘⠛⠋⠛⠀⠛⠛⠘⠃⠃⠛⠚⠚⠘⠙⠃⠸⠘⠚⠙⠖⠃⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⣿⣿⢿⡆⠀⡀⡀⠀⡀⠀⡀⣀⡀⢀⡀⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣷⡙⣿⣿⣷⠀⡇⠸⣰⠁⡸⢀⡴⠃⣇⣸⢸⢸⠂⡸⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡻⣿⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣴⣶⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣬⡛⠿⣿⣷⣌⠀⠘⠴⠀⠶⠶⠢⠂⠐⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣍⠛⠀⠴⠶⠆⠟⠰⠰⠗⠖⠠⠐⢶⠶⠄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⡖⡒⣍⣿⣯⣵⣳⣺⣾⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣷⣾⣭⡻⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠠⠦⡆⠀⠢⡲⠀⠖⠶⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⠿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣩⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣶⣍⡻⠿⠀⠰⠴⠤⠤⠐⠴⡠⡆⡆⠂⠢⠦⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠻⢿⡿⠟⣻⣿⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡄⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⣲⠀⠀⣠⢤⣤⢠⢤⡄⣶⣶⣦⡦⡀⣲⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠻⢷⣾⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⡓⠓⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠴⠴⠰⠶⠤⠶⠤⠶⠦⠤⠶⠤⠆⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢻⡀⠈⠉⣉⣉⠀⣤⣴⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⣭⡉⢁⣴⣏⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠀⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣎⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣉⠀⠒⠒⠚⠑⠐⠙⠂⠒⠒⠖⠃⠃⠐⠒⠀⢸⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣦⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⢿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⡀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣼⢇⣽⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⠶⣻⠳⢤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣁⣉⡍⣍⣹⣩⣩⣩⣉⣉⢉⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠳⠡⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⢀⠴⠛⠛⢄⣬⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⡤⡄⢤⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣶⣾⣯⣷⣆⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠴⠶⠦⠶⠶⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠶⠸⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠼⠷⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠠⢿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⡶⣶⠖⠶⡶⠶⠶⠶⡶⡶⣶⠲⡶⢰⠶⡶⢶⢶⢶⠶⡆⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⠀⡗⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣙⣛⣈⢛⡙⣋⣉⡛⣃⢋⣙⢋⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⡆⢶⣶⣶⡦⣶⣶⡴⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⡦⣶⡆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣭⡉⣩⣈⡈⣍⣩⣩⣩⣉⣉⣉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⣶⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣦⣦⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣦⡤⣰⣤⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠤⠤⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠖⠶⠶⠴⠶⠰⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⡀⣀⡀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⢟⢟⠛⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣛⢚⡉⡛⣟⡚⡀⣋⣚⠋⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡁⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠋⠛⠑⠛⠛⠃⠋⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣶⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣠⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡶⣠⢆⣤⣥⡆⢰⡆⢲⠠⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⢀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢓⠛⠋⢛⠙⠁⠃⠛⢋⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢧⡤⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢋⡛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_14:_The_Notorious_Revolving Door⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 4:47 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_1:_How_the_Bundestag_Was_(and_Continues_to be)_Misled_About_EPO_Affairs 2. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_2:_Lack_of_Parliamentary_Oversight,_Many Questions_and_Few_Answers… 3. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_3:_A_“Minor_Interpellation”_in_the_German Bundestag 4. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_4:_Parroting_the_GDPR-Compliance_Myth 5. The_EPO_Bundestagate_—_Part_5:_The_Federal_Eagle’s_Disconcerting Metamorphosis 6. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_6:_Dr_Petri_Starts_the_Ball Rolling… 7. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_7:_Ms_Voßhoff_Alerts_the Bundestag… 8. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_8:_The_EPO’s_Tweedledum, Raimund_Lutz 9. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_9:_A_Veritable_Virtuoso_of Legal_Sophistry 10. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_10:_A_Faithful_Lapdog Despised_and_Reviled_by_EPO_Staff 11. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Appendix_(Benoît_Battistelli’s Vichy_Syndrome):_Georges_Henri_Léon_Battistelli_and_Charles_Robert Battistelli 12. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_11:_The_BMJV’s_Tweedledee:_Dr Christoph_Ernst 13. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_12:_A_Worthy_Successor_to_His Mentor? 14. EPOLeaks_on_Misleading_the_Bundestag_—_Part_13:_The_Failed_Promise_of_a “Good_Governance”_Guru… 15. You are here ☞ The Notorious Revolving Door 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇A revolving door⦈ Christoph Ernst is one of the many beneficiaries of EPO‘s notorious revolving door arrangement. Summary: The Benoît_Battistelli-António_Campinos shuffle left some people in the EPO’s upper management better off; they’re being rewarded for complicity, so there’s no incentive to do the right thing but to do the wrong thing Like his mentor Raimund Lutz, Christoph Ernst is a beneficiary of the well- known – not to say notorious – revolving door arrangement between the Administrative Council and the senior management of the European Patent Office. “The conflicts of interest which can arise as a result of this set-up became very clear in the case of Battistelli who was elected as Chairman of the Council for a three-year term starting in March 2009.”It has often been argued by EPO insiders and others that this arrangement is detrimental to the governance of the organisation and that it significantly weakens the Council’s exercise of its supervisory authority over the Office. The conflicts of interest which can arise as a result of this set-up became very clear in the case of Battistelli who was elected as Chairman of the Council for a three-year term starting in March 2009. Battistelli had hardly taken up this position when he decided that he wanted to be President of the Office after Alison Brimelow announced in May_2009 that she would not be seeking an extension of her appointment (due to expire at the end of June 2010). The records of the Council show that, in June 2009, Battistelli was responsible for drafting the document which set out the details of the vacancy notice for the position of EPO President and the election procedure to be followed. This document (CA/103/09) included the “candidate profile” and requested that all applications be sent directly to Battistelli in his capacity as Council Chairman – despite the fact that he was planning to enter the running along with the other contenders, including the "alpha_males" of the Council, Roland Grossenbacher and Jesper Kongstad. “The records of the Council show that, in June 2009, Battistelli was responsible for drafting the document which set out the details of the vacancy notice for the position of EPO President and the election procedure to be followed.”Battistelli’s conduct in this regard gave rise to a long and heated discussion during the marathon three-day 118th meeting of the Council held in Munich from 23 to 25 June 2009. Some minutes/extracts_are_archived_here [PDF]. There were outraged protests from various quarters, including the Austrian delegation which announced that it was “perplexed that [the election procedure document] CA/103/09 had been drawn up by a potential candidate for the presidency”. The Austrian delegation called for the Council to put on record that if its Chairman (Battistelli) and deputy Chairman (Kongstad) became candidates they could not perform their duties, not only for the actual election but for all agenda items at all meetings until the election was over. In the end, the election procedure document drafted by Battistelli had to be revised twice – a first revision on 24 June followed by a second revision the next day – and the Council compelled Battistelli to step aside as its Chairman, at least until the election procedure was concluded. After the selection of an interim Chairman – the head of the Spanish delegation, Alberto Casado Cerviño – a protracted_election_procedure involving several rounds of voting took place. “In the end, the election procedure document drafted by Battistelli had to be revised twice – a first revision on 24 June followed by a second revision the next day – and the Council compelled Battistelli to step aside as its Chairman, at least until the election procedure was concluded.”In March 2010, after much intransparent backroom wheeling and dealing, Battistelli finally managed to secure the requisite three-quarters majority of Council delegates. This was despite the fact that, at the time in question, he held elected public office in France as a municipal councillor and deputy mayor for culture, and was actively_affiliated_to_a_political_party, namely “Les Républicains”. It is recalled that at the time in question, this political party was led by Nicolas Sarkozy who in March of this year became the first former French President to receive a_custodial_sentence_for_corruption. Sarkozy is reputed to have strongly supported Battistelli’s campaign to become President of the EPO. Battistelli’s holding of elected public office on a party ticket should have automatically disqualified him from being appointed to a senior managerial position in an international organisation. But the Administrative Council remained oblivious to this unmistakable conflict of interest. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇A conflict of interest⦈ The Administrative Council appears to have difficulties recognising conflicts of interest. Once Battistelli had secured the top job in the Office administration for himself, he proceeded to co-opt into his management team no less than three other members of the Council who had supported his candidature: • Alberto Casado Cerviño, head of the Spanish delegation, who became VP1; • Raimund Lutz, head of the German delegation, who became VP5; • Željko Topić, head of the Croatian delegation, who became VP4. At the same time, it is alleged by EPO insiders that Battistelli cemented his control over his successor as Council Chair, Jesper Kongstad. He reputedly did this by getting his HR dompteuse, Elodie Bergot, to place Kongstad on the Office payroll with a tax-free five-digit monthly salary equivalent to that of an EPO Principal Director. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇A conflict of interest silo⦈ The governance structures of the EPO create a situation with a huge potential for conflicts of interest. As can be seen, the governance structures of the EPO together with the established practices of the Administrative Council create a very precarious situation in which there is a huge potential for unresolved conflicts of interest. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO bribes⦈ The Council risks becoming overly preoccupied with divvying up the spoils. The biggest risk here is that the Council as a whole may become so preoccupied with divvying up the spoils that ignores its statutory duty to attend to the proper governance of the organisation. “It is abundantly clear that the existence of a revolving door arrangement between the Council and the upper ranks of the Office management creates a situation which is not at all conducive to “good governance”.”In addition to this, individual Council delegates who set their eyes on one of the available senior management positions in the Office administration run the risk of allowing their decision-making to become unduly influenced by their own personal ambitions. If this happens, it is likely that they will fail to exercise their role as members of the supervisory body in an appropriately objective manner. As can be seen from the case of Christoph Ernst, the potential for such conflicts of interest is likely to be particularly acute when it comes to the Council Chair who is supposed to direct the meetings of the Council in a neutral and impartial manner and in the interests of the organisation as a whole. It is abundantly clear that the existence of a revolving door arrangement between the Council and the upper ranks of the Office management creates a situation which is not at all conducive to “good governance”. The problems inherent in the existing institutional structures and practices are aggravated by the lack of any effective system of checks and balances to safeguard against abuses. The decision to set-up an Audit_Committee in 2009 was a first step towards tackling these issues. However, the Audit Committee which was established by the Council under the Chairmanship of Battistelli in March 2009, vanished_from_the_face_of_the_earth in_2011. “Moreover, by agreeing to Battistelli’s misguided proposal to disband the Audit Committee, the Council left itself bereft of any independent source of advice and information.”As is well known, the disbanding of the Audit Committee took place on foot of a proposal submitted by the very same Battistelli who, in the meantime, had managed to reinvent himself as the President of the Office and liege_lord of the Administrative Council. Moreover, by agreeing to Battistelli’s misguided proposal to disband the Audit Committee, the Council left itself bereft of any independent source of advice and information. The highly detrimental consequences of the Council’s supine compliance with Battistelli’s machinations in this regard are plain to see – at least for all those who are not inclined to turn a blind eye to them. In the next part we will conclude our review of Christoph Ernst’s disappointing track record in the area of EPO governance and indulge in a little speculation about how someone with more integrity and backbone might have ended up as head of the German delegation during the Battistelli era. For the record, here’s IAM’s_puff_piece_about_the_new_EPO_President [PDF]. No criticism of course, as the EPO pays IAM through PR firms and the reciprocity complicity is seemingly endless. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IAM_on_new_EPO_President⦈_ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⡛⣋⢭⣭⣭⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⡖⡆⡄⠍⢩⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣛⣛⠋⠁⠂⢸⠀⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣇⣧⡇⡇⣸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣭⣭⡍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡅⠀⡁⠸⠴⠓⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢠⣤⣉⠤⢀⣤⣴⣬⢌⣶⣮⣽⡿⣍⢸⢸⣧⡄⡆⢍⣭⣭⣭⣫⡫⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢛⣙⣫⣽⠀⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⢽⢨⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣟⢽⣪⢸⢸⣿⡇⡇⣵⣿⡿⡵⣵⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⡅⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⢿⡺⣳⢸⡿⣵⣵⣿⣿⢯⣪⣳⣿⢸⢸⣿⡇⡇⣿⢛⣟⣟⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⠮⣲⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⡹⢹⢸⣿⣿⡇⡰⣝⣽⣿⢘⠿⠞⠛⠙⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⡅⡇⣿⢾⣾⣟⣋⣋⣽⡿⠻⣿⣿⡇⣿⢟⣿⡽⠀⣿⣿⣗⠀⢅⠌⠹⢿⣟⢿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡣⢁⠄⢨⢸⣿⣿⡇⢭⣾⣿⣫⠈⠁⣰⣶⣴⣾⣿⣷⣿⢟⢸⢸⣿⡇⡆⣯⢾⠉⠻⢿⢿⣿⣿⣥⣬⣿⡇⣻⢯⢾⣾⢀⣿⣿⣿⠈⢂⠂⠅⠍⠂⠢⡑⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡯⡃⢞⠭⡒⠘⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⡷⣵⣼⡇⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⢸⢸⣿⡇⠅⣳⣼⣷⣦⣮⣄⡉⣻⣿⣿⢟⡇⣷⣻⣿⣿⠐⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⡗⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠁⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢝⣾⣿⡏⢁⠀⢉⠉⢿⣉⣽⡟⣾⢸⢸⣿⡇⢡⣿⡧⠉⠉⡁⠨⠵⠟⠛⠋⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⢰⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣷⣽⣭⣯⣭⣴⣭⣭⣥⣥⣭⣭⣼⣽⠂⢸⣿⣿⡇⣯⣿⣿⣟⢜⠨⠘⠟⠑⢘⡯⢻⢹⢸⢸⢸⣿⠇⠸⣿⣣⣄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⡇⠛⣯⣿⣟⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣶⣮⣿⣴⣴⣧⣦⣴⣧⣶⣶⣿⡟⢽⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢟⠎⡢⠊⠀⠃⢄⣘⣿⡾⣐⠀⢸⢸⣿⠇⡆⢿⢿⡿⠼⠼⠿⠿⠷⠤⠿⣿⡇⣛⣿⣾⣪⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⡟⡟⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣨⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⠯⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠉⠍⠀⢑⠸⢸⢸⣿⡇⡁⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠿⡉⠁⠘⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿ ⣿⣇⣛⡛⣛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢟⢭⠆⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⢵⠀⡆⢄⠂⠀⢸⢸⣿⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⡿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⡧⣅⡁⠠⢀⠂⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣫⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠍⠀⠀⠂⢀⠂⠀⠌⢸⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠨⣢⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⠊⣔⠢⠈⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⠂⠂⠀⢀⠂⠂⢀⠈⠀⢸⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣦⠤⡀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢮⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢉⢶⢁⠄⣈⠀⠈⢂⠠⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡧⠀⠢⠀⠀⠠⠂⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⢸⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣓⣽⣾⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠊⣰⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡱⡂⢁⠁⠁⠀⠠⠀⠄⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣟⢭⠠⠁⠀⠠⠡⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠠⠀⠠⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡿⡀⡀⡁⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢿⣪⣣⠠⡠⠐⡑⠀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢹⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⡐⠂⠅⢀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠀⡡⣒⣕⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢷⣬⣀⡤⡀⠰⠡⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⡳⣷⡏⡶⡓⡐⠀⠐⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⢹⣿⡑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣟⢕⢸⣿⣿⡇⠈⠍⠀⡎⡡⢐⡀⡑⠬⡫⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣿⣴⡯⣆⢰⡘⢸⣿⣿⡇⣽⡏⡅⡍⣝⠁⡵⢷⠀⠂⠀⠀⣄⠀⢸⣸⣷⣡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣫⣻⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣘⡰⡪⣢⣵⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⠇⣾⣿⣷⣼⣶⡆⡂⠀⠀⠀⣵⡆⢸⢹⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡵⣽⣵⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣯⠧⣏⣿⢻⢿⡿⠕⣨⣠⠀⠀⢻⢮⣸⣿⣿⢿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣳⣇⢿⣿⣿⣾⣯⢀⣨⡁⠂⠠⢸⣿⢹⣽⣿⢺⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⡅⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣳⡝⡻⢿⣿⡇⠀⢌⡆⠀⡐⢸⣟⢸⣿⣿⢻⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⢟⢾⡆⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣽⣿⢇⠒⡰⣏⢃⢪⣿⠇⠀⠀⠈⡳⢾⣿⣿⣾⢰⠀⠀⠀⢰⡳⣵⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣫⣳⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣫⣫⡇⣿⢾⢮⣿⡳⣅⠀⠐⠀⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣞⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠰⢐⣽⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⡳⠳⣛⣣⢯⣻⣿⣳⡝⣁⡀⢀⢈⣿⢿⢿⣿⣨⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠨⣸⣿⡿⣓⡅⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣿⠿⠛⠸⠿⠿⠇⣓⣉⣉⣭⣥⣭⣥⢭⣬⡭⠤⠥⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⠼⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣛⣛⣻⠀⢀⣀⣐⣛⣓⣂⣼⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠽⠿⠯⠽⠯⠽⠿⠿⠿ ⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠣⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣧⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠣⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⠶⣶⢶⣶⢶⢶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣦⣔⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣾⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣖⣠⣆⣀⢆⠄ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡸⠿⣿⣿⣇⠻⢂⡅⠶⠎⡂⢝⠌⣼⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⡶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣗⣟⢄ ⣼⠟⣙⣻⠟⣓⡶⣛⣻⣿⣿⠒⢿⣷⡖⡛⢓⡚⢷⡏⡿⠷⡟⢻⢋⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⡿⠁⣤⣤⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠋⢁⣤⣄⠈⢻⣿⣿⣏⡉⠉⠻⣏⠉⣱⣦⣙⠻⠿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡄⠶⢹⠠⠚⡃⠴⠚⣿⣿⢨⣬⢻⣿⣿⠸⣷⢈⡅⡇⡆⡙⠈⠤⠂⠿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠻⠿⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⣿⡿⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠇⠐⢢⠈⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⠌⢑⠒⣤⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣛⠻⡾⣛⢺⡟⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⠿⠿⠷⡤⠤⢶⣿⡿⠿⣿⡷⢤⢤⡤⣶⠿⣿⡿⠿⢶⣶⣾⣷⠶⣾⠿⠿⠿⢿⣮⠹⠿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢛⣡⣑⡛⣁⣇⣛⣋⣝⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⣿⣿⡆⢒⣤⣷⢰⡾⣿⣶⢰⡏⣴⡦⣾⣦⡇⣶⣼⣅⣒⢾⣿⡏⢰⣶⠘⡆⢐⢲⣼⣿⠘⣵⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠈⡛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣛⣉⣵⣾⠀⣿⣿⣥⣼⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣦⣶⣷⣤⣴⣾⣿⣥⣼⣿⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣦⣥⣾⣥⣬⣿⣿⡟⢀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠶⠻⣿⣛⣛⡋⣀⣠⣴⠀⠿⢧⣔⢻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢰⡇⡻⢹⣧⢰⣾⡗⣺⡏⡛⣹⡏⡣⣏⣋⢿⡍⣯⣿⣟⢱⣽⢯⡯⢹⣘⠏⣽⡇⢸⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣀⣀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⡇⡭⡾⣻⡇⡀⢿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠿⢶⠷⡿⢿⡿⢶⠿⢶⠾⣷⣿⢾⣶⠶⣷⣶⠿⡷⡾⢿⠿⢶⠾⢷⣶⢿⡶⣷⣿⡇⢸⡏⣿⣿⡟⢿⣍⠾⣋⡹⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⢿⣪⣾⠇⡭⢗⠈⡛⢿⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣈⣾⣘⣻⣸⣜⣻⣇⣻⣋⣿⣗⣣⣎⣵⣿⣸⣰⣛⣾⣰⣏⣛⣈⣑⣊⣳⣋⣷⣘⡇⢸⣷⠁⠀⣰⠋⠶⢶⣝⣥⡆⡲⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣭⣭⣥⣶⠶⠆⡿⢛⣩⣠⢖⢔⣤⣦⣶⣦⣭⣝⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣟⢭⣫⡏⣋⠉⡍⢯⢝⢭⢩⠉⣿⠝⡍⣽⣯⢭⠹⣭⡭⡍⢹⢉⠯⠩⡏⢯⢩⣿⡇⢸⣿⡄⢺⣿⡇⣯⣽⡿⡏⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡷⣤⣖⣶⣶⡶⢋⣴⣷⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣽⣿⣙⣋⣉⣝⣋⣍⣹⣏⣩⣿⣛⣿⣉⣋⣙⣹⣻⣛⣛⣻⣛⣟⣻⣛⣻⣟⣻⣟⣹⡇⢸⣿⣿⡌⢿⠏⡈⢉⡼⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠤⠶⠶⠖⣰⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⢟⡿⢋⠟⣿⣿⣿⡎⢻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠙⠉⠉⠛⡛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⢰⣿⣿⣷⡀⣠⠮⢨⢦⣷⠨⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⢟⣛⣛⢃⠿⠻⡿⢻⠏⡽⢻⢫⣳⡃⣞⣕⢪⠣⡸⢫⡻⡿⠨⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣏⣾⡟⡄⡨⣾⡟⣇⡾⠉⣁⣈⡹⣿⣿ ⡇⣛⣋⡍⠰⡄⡁⣁⠓⢜⢎⢧⣧⢳⢹⣮⣨⢧⠳⡀⣿⢣⡇⣿⣷⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⢹⠇⣧⡿⠃⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠁⣿⣿ ⡇⣩⣭⡅⢠⠃⡇⡏⡷⠘⢹⢸⡏⣿⣾⠉⣷⡈⠃⣧⣿⠸⣿⠛⠣⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢴⡇⡟⠀⢛⡅⣾⣿⡇⠟⠋⢃⠆⣿⣿ ⡇⣭⣶⠶⠘⡀⡇⠁⣷⠀⢸⣸⡇⣿⢸⢰⠈⣷⣤⠹⠸⣷⡙⣦⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣆⣧⠁⠀⢸⠏⣿⣿⣷⣰⣶⠀⢰⣿⣿ ⡇⠶⠖⣛⣃⠁⠐⠐⢹⡸⠋⣏⣧⡟⡾⢸⠀⡏⠘⣰⣄⠙⢁⣼⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⢸⡄⣼⠈⡴⠿⢯⣝⠛⠛⢀⣘⠻⣿ ⡇⣛⣿⣭⡿⠆⠀⠔⠄⠣⢊⠜⡼⡱⢣⢠⢸⣷⣾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣘⢻⠈⠍⠉⢸⣧⣄⠁⠈⣀⢩⣉⠁⢠⣿ ⡇⣉⣉⣦⠽⠒⠂⠀⠈⠂⠐⡈⠀⠀⠪⠮⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⢏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡻⣼⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⣷⢸⢸⣿⡿⡇⡄⠘⣿ ⡇⠈⠀⠀⠀⣰⣦⠾⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠒⠈⠉⠤⠄⠉⢙⡻⠇⠱⠋⢠⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡐⡤⠘⠤⣀⠀⢸⡇⢿⢸⡘⠫⠭⠁⢃⣴⣿ ⡇⠀⣰⣰⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⠛⠁⠀⠤⠄⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠑⠈⠁⠀⢬⡛⠆⡳⡄⣿⣮⣜⡇⠈⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠁⢀⣤⠄⠀⠀⠴⠃⠀⠀⣐⠻⠉⢀⣴⡿⠋⢀⣴⡿⠃⠀⣩⡛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⡠⢰⣿⣦⢰⣾⠀⠢⢷⢱⢹⣿⣙⠟⠀⣤⡤⠘⠛⠋ ⡇⠁⣠⠔⠀⢀⠔⠋⠁⠀⢐⠚⠋⢀⣐⡛⠉⠀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣠⡿⠋⠀⣠⡾⠋⠀⣠⠠⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣇⠁⠬⣽⠶⠢⣶⣯⠀⢨⠀⠸⣿⠁⢠⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠙ ⡇⠟⠁⢀⣴⡗⠃⠀⣀⡐⠀⠀⣀⡬⠀⠀⣠⡿⠋⠀⣠⡾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠇⠀⢀⠪⠂⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢐⣍⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣀⠉⢹⣿⡇⠀⢰⣶⣶⢲⣶⡄⠠⢸⠂⠀⣿⡀⠐⠀⠀⠰⠀⢀⣰ ⡇⢀⣴⡿⠃⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣠⡾⠛⠀⣠⣾⠛⠀⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⢀⠀⠀⠁⢀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡉⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣾⣿⣦⣀⣼⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⡟⣾⣿⡇⠀⡎⠀⡁⣿⣷⣦⢐⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣯⡿⠋⠀⣰⡿⠋⠀⣠⡾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠟⠀⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⢀⣴⠟⠀⢀⣴⡿⠀⠻⡽⠻⠿⡿⡿⡗⣶⠭⠽⣿⡿⢃⣾⣷⣎⠯⠭⡭⣭⠩⡥⡆⡯⡭⣑⢝⠋⠀⠀⡇⠃⡀⠹⣿⡏⠈⣁⢰⠊⠋⠉ ⣿⠀⣾⡿⠙⡿⠛⢹⠛⠛⠛⢹⠛⢻⢹⠛⡛⢛⠛⢻⠛⡛⢛⢹⠛⢛⠛⢿⡿⠁⢀⠀⡿⠋⢀⣰⠀⣧⣤⣄⣛⣃⣘⣀⣓⣀⣰⡶⠚⣛⣛⣛⣐⠠⣙⣥⣴⡇⠇⣿⡤⠚⣛⣐⠢⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⠈⠇⢸⡇⣿⠀⣤⣤ ⣿⠸⢿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⢁⣴⡿⠀⠀⣰⡾⠋⠀⢻⣿⣿⣟⢿⠿⢿⣿⠇⡼⣃⣾⡏⣰⠮⠭⢤⣤⡙⣿⢀⣀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⢠⣥⠀⠃⡤⠀⡇⠸⠀⡿⠸⢿⣿ ⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠦⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠡⠸⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠋⠀⡀⣾⠏⠀⣠⣾⠘⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣾⣿⣿⣯⣾⡿⢰⣿⣶⣮⣥⣭⠨⠉⣴⠏⠈⠉⠀⠒⡐⠶⠤⣣⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⡏⠐⢮⣍ ⡇⣼⠟⠛⢛⣿⠟⠛⢛⣿⡿⠛⢛⣿⡿⠛⢛⣿⡿⠛⠛⣻⡿⠛⠛⣻⣿⠛⠁⣠⣾⠇⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⡸⣿⠟⢛⣭⠄⠙⠯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣹⡌⡄⣯⣥⣄⣄⣥⠔⢛⢠⠈⣀⣈⣭⡀⠿⠿⠇⢸⣿⠍ ⡇⠁⢀⣴⡟⠃⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣤⡿⠋⠀⣠⣾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠟⠀⣠⣾⠟⠁⢠⢸⠟⠁⢀⣼⠟⠁⢀⠰⠟⠁⢀⣴⡷⠈⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣀⠘⠋⣴⡁⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⣶⠸⠀⣓⣛⣛⣛⣀⣠⣬⣅⠤⠶ ⡇⣴⡿⠋⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⣠⡿⠋⠀⣤⡾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠛⠀⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⢀⣴⠟⠀⠀⣰⡟⠁⢀⣴⡿⠃⢀⠰⡿⠋⢀⡰⡿⠈⠿⢿⣿⠏⠘⠭⣛⢦⣌⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠰⠐⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠂⣷⣿⣟⣋ ⡇⠋⢀⣰⡿⠋⠀⣠⡾⠋⠀⣠⣾⠟⠀⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⢀⣼⠟⠁⢀⣴⠟⠁⢀⠄⠘⠉⢀⣴⡿⠋⢀⣴⡿⠃⠀⣠⡿⠋⠀⠀⢉⠠⡠⡰⡳⡠⡀⠁⡙⢷⣄⠩⠶⠶⠒⠒⠒⢠⠀⠁⠘⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠉⠁⢀ ⡇⣠⡾⠋⠀⣠⡾⠏⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⣀⣶⠟⠁⣀⣴⠟⠁⢀⣴⡿⠋⢀⠴⠁⠀⠀⠴⠛⠋⠀⣠⡾⠋⢀⡀⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠀⡕⢝⠊⠈⠊⠪⠪⡢⡈⢇⢿⣆⠡⢀⡠⠀⠅⢸⠀⡔⠒⠄⢠⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠖ ⡇⠉⠁⢠⣾⠟⠁⣠⣾⠟⠁⢀⠾⠟⠁⠀⢔⠛⠁⠀⠴⡿⠉⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⠐⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡾⠏⠀⢠⡺⠇⠀⠀⠘⢀⢔⢍⢪⠁⠀⠈⠢⡢⡑⣕⢌⠀⠆⢻⡄⣶⡄⡄⣭⣤⡤⣤⣶⠖⠀⢀⡤⠬⠭⠥⠤ ⡇⢀⡐⠂⠀⢀⣨⠍⠁⢀⠐⠐⠀⢀⣴⠿⠋⠀⠤⠇⠀⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢺⠟⠁⢀⡾⠘⠁⠀⠀⠃⢠⠪⠂⠑⠑⠀⡀⡑⢕⢌⢎⠂⠁⠀⢸⡄⡇⢸⣧⡅⡙⣛⣛⣻⡥⣔⣶⣶⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠆⠀⢀⣴⠟⠁⢀⣴⡯⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡴⠂⠀⣴⡸⠋⠀⠀⠊⠁⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⠟⠀⠀⠐⠚⠁⠀⡰⠀⠀⡪⡠⡀⠔⢅⢄⢀⢎⠪⡢⡑⢕⢕⢕⡠⠘⠈⣷⢸⡿⡇⣿⣿⡿⣏⣷⣿⣿⣟⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⡇⢀⣴⡿⠃⢀⣴⡿⠋⢀⣴⡿⠃⠀⠀⡿⠋⠀⣠⣾⠋⠀⣠⣶⠖⠀⠀⣈⠔⠀⣠⣼⠟⠁⢀⣴⠄⢰⣆⠀⠠⠤⠔⠒⠒⠲⠤⠤⠤⠥⠥⠥⠥⠬⠬⢬⡤⠤⠲⠀⢃⣿⢘⠹⠇⠻⠯⣷⣿⣿⣟⣷⣿⣿⣟⣷⣿⣿ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⠟⠛⢿⠻⡟⢻⠛⢻⢻⣿⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠟⠛⣿⠛⢛⣿⡟⣿⢻⡟⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠻⡟⠛⡻⠛⢻⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⠀⡇⢸⢀⠃⢸⠘⢻⢸⣿⠀⡇⣾⣿⠀⣿⣿⢰⡇⢸⠘⢻⣿⡇⣿⠀⠃⣿⢸⡇⠘⢻⠘⢠⡇⠘⣧⡘⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡘⢻⡀⠇⣸⢸⡄⢸⢸⣿⠘⠿⠀⣇⠙⢻⠀⣿⣿⡈⠇⣸⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⡀⣿⢸⡇⠸⢿⢰⡘⡇⠸⢟⠛⣸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠒⡊⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡫⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠲⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠊⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⡴⡍⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣇⣧⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣠⡀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣈⣙⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠛⠓⠛⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣿⣿⡇⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⡀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠂⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⠀⠒⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠋⠙⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡧⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⢦⡹⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣟⣟⠭⢂⡤⢂⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⢜⣯⣿⣿⣿⣶⢏⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡆⡄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⡤⣬⣷⣷⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣥⣾⣿⣶⠗⣠⣴⣥⡤⣪⣆⣔⡐⠁⢄⣪⣿⣽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣸⣧⠠⡠⢢⡸⣔ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡛⠛⣗⡅⠀⠀⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣠⢏⣟⡿⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢟⣌⣷⠊⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢻⣧⡐⢠⢧⠹ ⠉⠉⠩⠉⡍⠛⠛⢛⣛⠛⢑⠆⣿⠀⢘⣃⡀⠀⠐⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣘⣒⣒⣫⠞⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⡏⣿⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡡⣏⢿ ⣭⣭⣥⠀⢁⣑⣒⣲⢀⡰⠂⢠⣿⣬⣶⣶⣦⡄⠀⢀⠻⡟⠛⣿⣿⣧⣤⣬⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⠟⢄⣿⡿⠉⡉⣭⣽⠃⢂⢻⣧⢸⠐⠒⡳⠭⠭⣛⣛⣻⠆⢂⣛⣛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⢿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠿⣇⠶⣿⡌⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣼⣷⡦⣿⣃⢍⣉⣆⠲⠭⣤⣒⣒⡁⠌⠩⢭⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣲⠶⠶⠾⠶⠶⠯⠭⢭⣅⡏⣬⣝⣛⣛⣛⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠢⢳⡺⣼⣽⢘⣿⣿⣿⡏⠟⣼⣿⣟⢓⠻⠧⣺⢁⢝⣿⣿⣶⡶⢯⣅⣌⡭⢽⣓⣒⣺⠭⠭⣭⣝⣛⡻⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢰⡇⣼⣭⣭⣝⣛⣛⡿⠿⠿⢶⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣿⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣷⣶⠆⣒⡂⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣮⡅⣰⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⢿⡗⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢪⡻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣭⣭⣭⣝⣒⣒⡶⠶⠭⢸⢡⣽⣛⣛⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣭⣽⣛⣛⣻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⠻⢛⣸⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⢓⣍⣴⣿⣏⣿⣏⣙⣛⣟⣙⣛⣹⣻⡇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠄⣮⠹⢃⠹⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠰⠈⢭⣛⣛⠻⠿⢷⣶⣶⣶⣮⣭⣭⣭⣛⣻⠿⠿⠿⣿⣷⢲⣰⣦⣭⠍ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⣿⡇⢤⠸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣏⠿⢿⢻⣿⡲⣿⣿⣿⣾⡣⣥⣯⣽⣴⣦⡿⣻⡆⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣧⣽⠀⢿⣿⣷⣧⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣛⠙⠛⠶⣶⣮⣭⣉⣛⡛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣥⣍⣛⣃ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣁⠀⠀⠀⡀⢿⣿⡘⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣿⣧⡿⢹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣵⣹⣷⣭⣝⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣍⣭⣩⣭⣙⢛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣮⣭⣉⣛⡛⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣚⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⠶⠦⠍⠡⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣴⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠉⢋⡀⠙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣓⣷⣶⣢ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠗⠖⠂⠐⠆⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣷⣿⣦⣙⠇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠫⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣺ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⠛⢉⠉⡄⡤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠝⢴⣤⠀⣰⣤⣀⣢⡆⡩⣟⣠⣠⠤⠀⣷⡏⠩⠍⡿⡟⣿⣿⢰⣼⣿⡿⠿⢛⢋⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣦⣬⣭⣙⠛⢠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢋⢸⣿⠷⢚⠂⠉⢍⣍⣭⣙⣒⠀⠈⠻⠷⣧⡿⢃⡺⣇⣤⡷⢈⡇⣀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢋⣵⣶⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢛⣃⣭⣭⣩⣭⣉⣛⣛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠚⠟⣡⣾⣿⣯⠭⠽⠚⠚⠛⠛⠾⠶⢀⠰⣿⣶⣚⡇⢍⣽⠇⣟⢸⣿⡛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⢉⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣭⡾⢛⣥⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⢠⡿⠋⣁⡀⠉⠑⣿⡛⣿⣷⣭⣭⣤⣆⣬⡙⢟⠻⣈⣴⡾⣼⣬⣍⢁⡤⠔⣆⣴⣀⢀⣀⡡⢥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠩⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠭⢹⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠈⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠈⠁⣼⣿⡿⠿⢛⣩⣭⡄⠀⢰⣄⢀⣭⡭⢑⣀⠀⠀⣷⣴⣮⡨⢽⡸⡿⠋⣩⣾⠆⣾⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣉⡍⠛⠡⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣛⣋⢭⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⣾⡟⣁⣤⣾⠿⠟⢛⣃⣀⣈⣉⣉⣉⣙⣛⣛⠒⠧⣮⣙⠉⠩⠿⣶⡊⣫⣶⡾⠆⡛⠿⠗⡀⠈⠀⡀⠀⠀⣁⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡋⣡⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠂⣰⠟⠉⣠⣾⣾⣿⣐⣀⠿⠿⠽⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣬⡀⠀⠀⢼⣮⢭⡬⠻⢆⡸⡋⣉⡷⣑⠔⣀⣢⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣡⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡀⢁⣴⣾⠿⡛⠭⣭⣴⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⣦⣶⣬⢍⣛⠻⠿⢦⣄⠻⢓⠛⠫⣭⣶⠓⠚⣜⠃⠀⠽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡛⣛⠻⠋⢰⣰⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢋⣩ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣦⠀⠸⠫⣢⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣬⣑⠀⠒⣈⡀⢾⠎⢛⡃⡴⣲⢡⣈⢛⡉⣤⢭⠭⣭⣅⠀⢈⡐⠐⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣩⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠂⠘⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧⣼⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡐⢂⡂⠍⢹⣇⣢⢶⢏⠾⢎⡷⡊⣹⠧⢢⠍⢁⣴⡿⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣥⣰⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡉⠙⣊⡯⢟⢷⡏⢩⣹⡆⠓⢪⣟⠋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠻⠿⠛⠃⢼⣿⣼⣿⣛⣛⣿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡧⢈⡻⢻⣷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣢⣘⠻⠋⠒⡊⢧⣷⡶⠊⢛⠋⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠓⠂⠀⠉⣙⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣻⣾⢅⠀⠀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⡄⠻⡻⢌⡿⣷⣤⣈⠻⠿⢏⣉⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⣷⣏⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⡾⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣩⠑⠤⡩⣹⡇⠛⠫⣝⠈⣩⠝⣿⡷⡐⣲⣧⣤⢌⣔⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡭⠣⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⢹⡖⢻⡶⠊⣃⡼⢡⢿⡉⣩⣶⠑⠂⣿⠟⢘⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠤⠄⠠⢀⣄⡈⠁⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⡌⣿⠖⢩⡞⣵⠿⠈⣉⡾⢰⡾⠎⠟⣫⡀⠸⢿⣿⣿⣍⠫⠿⠿⠏⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡾⢘⣿⣿⠁⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⠘⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢸⣿⣧⢹⡯⠛⣱⡿⢟⡋⣨⣵⠖⠉⣂⢼⣏⣻⢶⢤⣙⣛⡭⠁⠀⢰⣶⢀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⡿⠋⠈⠙⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⢛⠁⢰⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⢴⣚⣛⠛⠁⢈⠁⠀⠨⢽⡿⠿⠷⠿⠯⠻⠫⠾⠟⠛⠓⠈⠀⢐⣛⠁⢁⢉⠉⠀⠄⠠⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠆⢿⣿⢉⡍⠛⠭⠙⡙⠋⠏⣽⣿⢘⣛⡃⢘⣃⡌⢼⣿⠈⣿⡏⣭⠙⢉⡝⠭⠙⡩⠍⡏⠏⣭⢸⠩⠍⠏⣭⢹⠀⣽⡟⠩⠍⠉⡍⢩⠙⠫⠍⠋⣩⢩⡍⠙⠩⠙⡉⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣼⣿⣼⣧⣴⣬⣴⣧⣼⣤⣿⣿⣬⣭⣥⣼⣿⣿⣬⣭⣼⣿⡇⣭⣴⣼⣷⣭⣴⣬⣥⣧⣧⣭⣼⣮⣥⣧⣿⣼⣦⣽⣿⣬⣥⣤⣧⣼⣤⣦⣥⣦⣿⠨⠅⣴⣬⣴⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠩⠿⠿⠟⠿⡿⠿⠟⠿⣿⡏⢻⠹⠻⡿⠿⢿⣿⠏⠽⠟⢿⡿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⣇⠻⢃⡇⡇⢸⠀⣿⣇⢸⢸⡇⣇⠤⢸⣿⡇⣇⠻⢃⡘⠟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡧⣬⠭⢤⢥⠥⢬⠬⣤⡯⠤⡯⠽⢬⠽⢿⢿⣿⣬⣭⡯⢭⡯⣬⠯⠭⠧⠭⢍⠭⠭⠭⠭⢿⣿⣿⡭⢬⡭⣭⡭⡥⠭⣭⣤⠭⢽⣥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣗⣒⣒⣒⣲⣒⣒⣲⣒⣳⣒⣳⣒⣒⣒⣶⣾⣿⣒⢒⣗⣒⣒⣚⡒⢒⢲⣒⣚⣲⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣞⣒⣒⢒⢖⣘⣓⣒⣒⣚⢙⣛⣛⢻⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡯⠥⠬⠼⠬⠯⠭⠽⠥⢭⠭⠽⠭⡭⠭⣼⣿⣿⠬⠍⠭⢭⠭⠭⠭⠼⠬⠭⠥⠽⢥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⠭⠯⠩⠭⠤⠭⠯⡭⠭⠬⡽⠬⠽⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⠀⠀⣬⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣗⣓⣒⣖⣂⣒⣛⣒⣒⣞⣲⣲⣓⡒⣒⣿⣿⣿⢒⣓⣓⣺⣲⣖⣒⣒⣆⣓⣒⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣒⣒⣖⣒⣒⣓⣒⣓⣖⣒⣓⣒⣐⣶⣷⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣥⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠬⠥⡭⠽⡬⠭⠭⠭⠽⡭⠥⠥⣭⣤⣯⣿⣿⣿⠬⠥⠬⢼⠭⡥⠭⠥⠬⠧⠭⠤⠭⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣛⣟⣛⣏⣙⢻⣛⣛⣻⣋⣻⣍⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣒⣃⣒⣛⢒⣂⣒⣖⣓⣐⣒⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣒⣲⣓⠒⣀⣃⣒⢒⣒⣀⣒⣲⣆⣊⣛⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⠬⠤⠤⠽⠤⠼⠤⠴⠥⠤⠼⠦⢤⣤⣿⣿⠭⠤⠤⠬⠤⠬⢧⠼⠿⠤⠥⠴⠤⠬⠼⢿⣿⣿⡤⠤⠤⠧⠤⡧⠴⠤⢬⠤⠼⠤⠤⢥⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣗⣛⣰⣲⣐⣇⣚⣒⣚⣒⣞⡒⣒⣂⣚⣛⣿⣿⣒⣊⣒⣒⣲⣋⣚⣐⣲⣐⣲⣒⣰⣐⣀⣟⣿⣿⣑⣂⣚⣒⣓⣃⣓⢳⣞⣒⣒⣂⣒⣚⣻⣿⣿⣗⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣲⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡧⠘⢅⢼⠬⠤⠠⠥⠡⠄⠤⠼⠤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⠤⠼⠤⠼⢤⠤⠤⠥⡆⠤⠣⠤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠤⠥⠥⠤⠼⣤⠀⢦⠰⢼⠤⠤⣧⣼⣿⣿⡧⠥⠭⡭⠽⠥⠬⠥⢭⢭⠬⠭⠥⠧⢵⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣋⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣿⣙⣟⣛⣙⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢚⣛⣙⢺⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣛⣗⣃⣋⣛⣻⣛⣋⣻⣛⣛⣋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠔⠬⠄⢢⡤⢬⠦⠤⠤⠟⠧⠔⠤⢸⣿⣿⠿⠛⠄⡄⠤⠴⠀⡮⠤⠤⠧⠦⢦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⠼⠤⠧⠤⠤⠣⠤⠄⢤⢤⠬⢼⠼⢿⣿⣿⡿⠩⠭⠭⠭⠽⢭⠉⠽⠭⠩⠍⠭⠯⠭⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣛⣙⣻⣻⣙⣋⣙⣉⣉⣉⣋⣩⣛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣋⣛⣛⣹⣙⣙⣛⣉⣑⣟⣉⣉⣙⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣻⣙⣋⣛⣛⣉⣙⣙⣛⣋⣉⣉⣺⣿⣿⣏⣉⣽⣋⣛⣉⣛⣋⣋⣙⣻⣙⣛⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡧⡤⢤⠤⠴⠠⠤⠦⠤⠤⢤⡴⢷⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⠥⠤⠧⠤⠠⡄⠤⠼⠥⠤⠤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⠠⡤⠤⡄⠼⠠⠤⣤⠤⠤⡄⠼⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠤⠤⠤⠼⠤⠦⠠⠴⠤⠫⠠⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⣉⣉⣉⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⣉⣏⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣈⣋⣉⣉⣉⣟⣉⣇⣉⣉⣉⣟⣉⣛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣉⣙⣙⡏⣉⣏⣉⣉⣛⣛⣙⣙⣙⣉⣉⣹⣿⡏⣙⣉⣋⣏⣹⣙⣹⢋⡉⣫⣍⣉⣙⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡖⠆⠲⠷⠒⡴⠞⡗⠤⠲⢲⠖⠶⣿⣿⣿⠒⠶⠤⠶⠾⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠒⠶⠖⠿⣿⣿⣿⠲⠾⠶⡶⡶⠶⠶⠖⠴⠶⠶⠶⠾⢿⠿⢻⣿⡷⠶⠷⠶⠶⢶⠴⠗⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠦⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣋⣍⣋⣛⣋⣙⣃⣉⣻⣙⣛⣛⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣉⣑⣈⡻⣉⣉⣉⣉⣋⣉⣉⣻⣋⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣉⣙⣬⣉⢋⣏⣉⣝⣏⣳⣉⣙⢉⣫⣋⣿⣿⣏⢉⣓⣉⣉⣉⡈⣋⣍⡙⢉⣉⡙⣏⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡧⠶⠶⠲⢷⠶⠶⠷⠲⠺⠶⠰⢶⢶⣶⣶⣿⣿⡶⠲⡖⢶⠲⠖⠺⠴⠶⠲⠷⠶⢶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠗⠶⠊⢶⠲⢶⠲⠓⠞⠔⢲⠲⢲⣽⣿⣿⡷⠲⠓⢦⠶⠶⠵⠲⠶⠶⠲⠶⠶⠖⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣹⣹⣉⣉⣍⣏⣉⣹⣉⣸⡉⣉⣉⣿⣿⢉⡉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣹⣉⣩⢍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣋⢩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣭⢙⣉⣏⣫⣍⡉⣋⣹⣿⣏⡉⣹⣉⣉⢏⣙⣋⣙⣙⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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Challenging_Times_for_EPO_Management⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-accountability.webm Summary: A discussion of the status quo at Europe’s second-largest (but scarcely-understood) institution, subjected to a JURI hearing tomorrow afternoon THE dictators of the EPO will come under growing levels of scrutiny. Benoît Battistelli was already pushed out for his abuses, albeit his successor and friend (António_Campinos) had a ‘grace period’ for a while. His dialogue with the staff broke down earlier this year (more formally, as it had already been on the rocks for years) and as we pointed out yesterday [1, 2, 3] the uncomfortable-to-answer questions keep coming up and it’s possible that tomorrow the EU/EP will bring up those questions at a more official capacity. We certainly hope that the EPO can repair itself before it just completely collapses (the latter is almost guranteed to happen unless things change, according to longtime insiders). █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 813 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/eponia-over-gemini-protocol/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/eponia-over-gemini-protocol/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ All_EPO_Articles_Are_Available_Over_Gemini_Protocol⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 8:46 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Gemini Protocol⦈ Graphics_by_Uoniss_Evernou (apparently) Summary: For lighter and more privacy-preserving access to Techrights use the Gemini capsule instead of the Web site HAVING just done a quick tally, there are now 4,070 articles in the EPO_wiki (this one included), with some of them being translations or items which only partly cover the EPO, so let’s say about 4,000 in total. We’ve posted a lot; published over 30,000 blog posts in total, so 4,000 is over 10%, not taking post length — or depth of coverage — into account. “We’ve posted a lot; published over 30,000 blog posts in total, so 4,000 is over 10%, not taking post length — or depth of coverage — into account.”All the EPO posts are in Gemini, with a simple URL substitution enabling access to them. For http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/juri-poem/ (just_published), for instance, use gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/juri-poem/ in a Gemini client of choice or a_Web_proxy. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Bombadillo⦈ Bombadillo on the right may seem retro and “Brutalist”; but some Gemini clients are almost indistinguishable from a Web browser and they render pages very neatly while adding neat navigation effects, sometimes even images. Lagrange has_plenty_of_features and Moonlander_is_promising (still alpha stage). I’ve recorded my very_first_experience_with_the_former just to show how simple it is to wrap one’s head around everything. The Gemini (gemini:// ) protocol is vastly simpler than HTTP/HTML/WWW, so the learning curve isn’t steep. █ ⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢩⣭⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣭⡜⢿⢑⣛⣸⣅⡻⢿⢰⣿⣿⣿⡜⡿⣼⡇⢸⡇⣛⣊⣷⢹⢧⢻⢳⡏⣚⣃⡟⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣥⣾⣮⣽⣿⣽⣯⣾⣬⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣧⣼⣧⣽⣿⣿⣧⣿⣦⣿⣷⣬⣿⣿⣬⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡤⢄⣠⣶⣿⣏⡉⠀⠀⠈⠙⢆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡾⠛⣡⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⡎⣿⢸⡇⢹⣿⣿⢸⣿⢰⣿⢸⡇⣚⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡾⠋⣠⣾⣿⠋⠁⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⡌⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣵⣿⣼⣧⣼⣿⣿⣬⣿⣼⣿⣼⣷⢭⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⢠⣾⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⣴⣶⣶⣬⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣠⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣭⠉⢻⣯⠉⢩⣭⠈⢹⣭⡉⠙⣿⡍⠉⣿⡏⠉⢩⣭⠈⢹⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠉⢩⣿⡁⠀⣭⣤⣼⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣙⣛⣛⣀⣸⣿⣧⣀⣙⣛⣻⣟⣀⣘⣟⣀⣘⣿⣃⣀⣻⣃⣀⣻⣇⣀⣸⣟⣀⣘⣟⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⡟⣿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣭⡽⠟⠛⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠇⣽⠀⣿⡄⠿⣸⡇⢿⡀⠇⣸⡸⠿⣇⠻⢠⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⠀ ⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀ ⣿⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣉⣉⡉⣩⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⣿ ⣿⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠘⠛⠛⠙⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣛⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠻⠛⠻⢛⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⢤⣤⣄⣴⣦⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣤⣴⣧⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⢶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠙⠛⠛⠿⠛⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠛⢝⢹⣿⣿⢻⣻⣿⠛⢛⣟⣻⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⣲⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠉⠉⠙⠙⠉⠉⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣟⣿⡛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠋⠁⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠻⠿⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠛⢻⣿⣟⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣇⣚⣺⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⢰⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⢰⣶⣶⣷⡿⠾⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠸⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣸ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿ ⣿⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣁⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 906 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/gemini-gateways-for-ipfs/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/gemini-gateways-for-ipfs/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Gemini_Gateways_for_IPFS⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 6:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/ipfs-gemini-gateway.webm Summary: The World Wide Web is fine for a lot of things, but for controversial publications and publications that invoke_the_'wrath' of corporations/states/ plutocracy we must look beyond the traditional protocols, choosing decentralised means and self-hosted means of publication (instead or at the very least in conjunction) A COUPLE of days ago we did a video and article about Gemini_over_IPFS (context here) and today we examine what Gemini gateways for IPFS look like. There are already many Web (WWW, https://) gateways for IPFS out there, so why not offer the same over gemini://? “There are already many Web (WWW, https://) gateways for IPFS out there, so why not offer the same over gemini://?”The video above shows a triplet of Gemini clients and shows how we can, in principle, set up a local Gemini gateway for IPFS access, in effect serving the site’s objects in a decentralised fashion from a home connection (self-hosting). For the future_of_a_censorship-averse Internet we need to look beyond the Web, beyond DNS, and beyond all sorts of other social control mechanisms, notably social control media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook or YouTube, where people’s accounts, channels and subscribers are as transient as monopolies wish them to be) and clown computing — a cleverly- marketed self-harming ploy that encourages companies and individuals to outsource hosting, data and much more to some third parties, typically parties that in the pockets of the Pentagon, companies that have questionable_political ambitions. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 957 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/irc-log-100421/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/irc-log-100421/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Saturday,_April_10,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:03 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmYhMtNKiCTm4SXqGk2ztdg6vhJPDXuVLeAyakyaddMftY #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmdnqjYitPg1P3DfQagcmBj6mvRPWRo87EnZgo36TdUV6P (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmdcwsADicLKnkTYAU2X5u32hqeWrFe44ndTEnrYro2NXC social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUgkAcgkTeVUSz6zYtUnFuCGPLJ9yAAbFVRYb7WKpPJwg social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmfKATzZ9XfwfBTo77KF8eWtyZ4WY2fJ9DW8M8tTonMTVp #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmTsFp2Kgc7rgKPxLaQPDsrWnsC19V1Du9phK5PGdjcHXD (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmbwkHMyuDWxAaL1niF6Pxn6BCXkv9NgvVFqATJJp9ocef #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmfWPFoXrYSkXaJhkNe6YXVL7jt3nTtqQ29gppnbspY5VX (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmbTzTqQXooSZzCFQCVHrCZsbnA5SXB2JuVPyQgZfNkYW2 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1071 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/juri-poem/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/juri-poem/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Judge_and_JURI⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Law, Patents at 7:46 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Well, it's Supranational⦈ Supranational ought not mean “above the law…” Summary: The Committee_on_Legal_Affairs, a.k.a JURI, meets the EPO tomorrow (in 24 hours); will abuses by António_Campinos and Benoît_Battistelli be brought up? THE LEGAL beset Insert the cassette Don’t be upset Roll the film, let’s get set “By all means serendipity!”The house has spoken The EPO is broken Bribery of token Regulators awoken Immunity! Impunity! 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EU, Immunity! EC, Impunity! Who's next?⦈ By all means serendipity! “I didn’t know!” “Benoît didn’t tell me!” “Whoa,_Nelly!” The rule of law applied Arresting those who lied Management brushed aside Nowhere left to hide House ban in CEIPI Escorted out by the city The jury declares “guilty!” Without a sense of pity The dust may settle Turn on the kettle Back comes Merpel To expose and to grapple Kangaroo courts dismantled Their composition was all meddled Mrs. Bergot manhandled Dr. Ernst has back-paddled █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣷⢲⣶⣶⢶⣶⡆⢠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⢠⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⠛⠿⢻⣿⣻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣈⢸⣿⣃⢸⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⢈⣻⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠁⠙⠛⠛⠘⠛⠛⠘⠛⠿⣿⠇⠀⠿⠿⠀⢿⡟⠀⠀⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⠿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣷⣴⣶⣶⣶⡀⣴⣶⣶⠀⣤⡄⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⡻⣿⣆⣾⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣷⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⠈⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⣇⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢠⣿⣶⡆⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣧⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⣸⣿⢿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⢻⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⣸⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣉⣀⣈⣉⣀⣀⣈⣙⣘⣛⣛⣛⣘⣛⣛⣿⣸⣿⣻⣿⣹⣿⣇⣸⣿⣀⣸⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡿⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠁⢀⣴⡾⢻⣛⣉⣹⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡁⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⢿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠙⢿⠛⠻⣷⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⠂⠙⠃⢸⣿⡷⣶⡀⠘⢿⣿⣍⣭⡅⢀⣀⢒⠄⠀⠀ ⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠙⢗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⡀⣿⣿⣄⠀⣠⣟⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣠⠀⢼⣾⣿⣿⡷⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠌⠟⠞⣠⣦⠀ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⣀⣴⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠛⠛⡁⠀⢾⣷⣿⣿⡟⢿⡿⢿⡿⢧⣿⡞⠀⠉⢻⡿⠿⣿⡇⡿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣩⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠘⢸⡟⠋⠁⠁⢰⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠙⠃⠀⢸⣶⣾⣿⣿⠿⠃⠈⠁⠈⠀⣬⣿⡀⠀⠀⣾⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⠁⠀⣾⡟⠋⢉⣿⣏⡵⠄⠀⠀⢿⣾⣿⣦⣤⣴⣄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡽⠿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠏⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⣧⠀⢐⡿⢩⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠫⠃⠀⢀⣿⡇⢀⣾⠋⠀⠀⣰⣦⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⢣⡟⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣤⡄⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡟⠃⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠛⡿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠙⢿⣿⣿⠌⠉⠒⢢⣀⡛⠛⢛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣸⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣻⠿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠛⢿⣿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠁⢿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⠟⣻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠃⠀⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠁⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⡉⢩⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠈⢛⣛⣙⣛⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⢀⣀⣘⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠚⠛⢛⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⠿⣿⠰⢶⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢃⣉⡟⠉⠸⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠉⠓⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⣀⡀⢠⣤⢠⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣤⣼⠿⠷⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⣦⣤⡄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣅⠈⠉⠸⠀⠀⣽⠏⠀⢔⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠖ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣦⣠⡀⠀⠸⡆⠀⡆⠤⢼⠧⣴⠟⠁⢀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶ ⣭⣉⣭⣭⣩⣽⣿⢻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠙⠙⠉⠋⠉⠈⠉⠀⠐⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣈⠁⣀⠀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠐⠊⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⣿⣿⣿⢠⣿⣏ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠟⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡧⣿⠋⣿ ⢹⠻⠹⡻⢿⣿⠀⠈⡿⠃⡿⣿⡿⣀⡁⠠⠄⠄⠲⠲⠄⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⢠⣶⣤⣬⣤⣤⣦⣄⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢀⠀⠈⠀⠒⠒⠤⠄⠘⠻⠿⠷⠶⠶⠦⠄⠀⠀⠈⠉⠃⠹⠀⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⢿⡅⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣄⡄⡠⡆⢠⣴⢢⠽⢯⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣏⣁⣤⡐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠁⡗⠀⠀⢀⢏⢀⠀⠰⢡⣴⢡⡇⠀⠸⡞⠆⠣⠀⠈⠺⠊⠂⠀⢁⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠁⠀⠢⠀⢀⠅⠐⣨⢤⡀⡁⢄⡈⣠⢄⠀⢠⡄⠀⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡞⠁⠏⠀⠄⠀⠶⠘⣿⠀⠃⢠⠀⠈⡸⢄⢀⡀⠲⠬⠭⡺⢖⠊⠁⠁⠀⠄⠈⠀⢑⡐⡀⠨⠄⠔⠂⣀⡤⠙⠁⠚⡡⠋⠈⠀⠸⠀⢀⠳⢻⡉⠁⠀⠳⣙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠈⠁⢐⢀⢀⠐⣀⢟⣀⡰⠀⡈⠑⠂⠀⠂⣘⠻⠃⠀⠐⡢⠤⠤⠀⠠⠤⠨⠄⠀⠀⠒⠑⠂⠫⢁⣁⠤⠄⠀⠉⠀⢀⠈⠚⠃⠀⠁⢄⣾⠃⠐⠒⡀⢩⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⠒⠂⠈⠖⣠⣀⠄⠀⠀⠉⠋⠒⠂⠤⡄⣂⣀⠬⠍⠉⠙⢀⠀⠀⡀⠒⡒⡒⢂⡐⠒⠈⠉⠩⠉⣀⠀⣂⡀⠾⠖⠂⠉⡄⡀⠀⢀⠀⠉⠁⠀⣀⡀⠁⠾⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣥⡄⠀⣀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠴⠦⠤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠀⠉⠁⢨⣾⣷⣾⠓⠲⠖⠒⠒⠒⠚⠃⠉⠁⠀⡉⠁⠠⠤⢂⣒⣀⣉⠐⠖⣉⢡⣶⢤⢄⡀⠚⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟⠓⠠⠤⠂⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠻⢿⣴⢶⠶⢆⣠⣿⣿⣿⣏⣤⣌⡉⣥⣤⣅⣁⣤⣤⡴⠶⠶⠰⠟⠓⠛⠉⠁⠤⠐⡃⠡⠤⠀⡂⠠⠾⠟⠓⠀⠤⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠩⢥⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣭⣴⣶⡆⠀⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⣶⢰⡖⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠶⠶⠦⠤⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣬⠵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⠀⡇⢸⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠨⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣭⠀⠀⢹⣏⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⢸⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣴⠹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠳⣇⢸⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡐⠀⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠈⠻⣆⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣾⣆⢗⡆⡀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡇⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣼⡇⣿⠸⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣼⣷⣾⣴⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣷⠂⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣿⠀⠀⠸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⡆⡀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡿⠟⠑⡡⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⠉⠁⠀⢩⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⡃⠁⠄⠀⢀⡂⢀⠓⠂⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⡀⠸⠀⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠎⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣛⠛⠛⠋⣁⠉⠈⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⡾⠁⠀⠉⢸⣧⣤⠀⣿⣿⠀⢈⡇⡇⠀⠀⠃⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⣶⡃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣌⠀⠘⢵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠍⡫⢁⣀⣋⡀⠀⡠⠀⠀⡴⠁⠀⠄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣰⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⢧⠀⠹⢤⣤⠾⢹⣧⣤⡄⣿⢿⠉⠉⠁⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⡞⠀⠀⢸⢿⣇⠀⠀⠁⢀⠘⣿⣆⡨⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⢡⣀⡀⢈⡉⠁⠉⠁⠁⠀⠂⠒⠛⠞⠀⠀⢨⢂⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠟⠀⠀⠀⠟⣤⣼⡆⠈⠁⠀⠀⠸⣿⠠⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣶⡶⢂⣀⢁⠉⠉⠉⢁⠉⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠔⢆⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣷⠌⠂⠀⠀⠀⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠁⠈⠄⣀⣒⡒⢋⠛⠩⠤⠴⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡤⠖⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⡿⠃⡈⠃⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠂⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡇⠍⣿⡏⣅⢿⣾⡟⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣄⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⡇⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠁⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢣⡸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣁⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⡸⠿⡸⠿⡸⢇⠿⢇⠿⢇⠿⡹⠿⣈⠻⠿⢟⣁⠿⢈⠿⢇⠿⠇⣄⠿⢇⣿⡸⠿⣸⡸⠿⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣧⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⣤⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⠯⣿⣿⣿⢣⡟⢼⣿⡏⣿⡟⢻⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢭⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣛⡿⠿⣿⣿⣛⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡟⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⣛⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⣶⣶⢰⣶⡆⢰⣶⢶⣄⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⣲⣶⣶⣶⢶⣆⣰⡖⣶⡖⠀⢀⡀⠀⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠃⣾⡏⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿ ⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⢸⣿⣼⡟⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⠐⠘⣿⣿⠁⢻⡇⠀⠿⡿⠂⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠇⣿⡇⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⢿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⣘⡃⠐⠆⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⡆⢿⣧⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣧⣤⣤⣬⣭⣤⣭⣬⣭⣬⣥⣬⣭⣤⣤⣬⣝⣋⣥⣬⣭⣬⣭⣬⣭⣥⣬⣭⣤⣤⣭⣥⣤⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣍⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣾⡟⣿⡆⣿⢸⣿⢻⣷⠀⠀⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⠃⢿⣧⣿⠛⢻⣿⡟⢰⣿⢻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣤⡀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣧⣿⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠈⠻⣷⣦⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠆⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⢡⣤⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⢿⣧⣿⠇⠀⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⠀⣿⠘⣿⡇⣿⣧⣤⣾⡏⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢨⣭⠈⣥⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1269 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/11/rms-anime/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/11/rms-anime/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ “The_Fighters_of_Freedom”⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, GNOME, GNU/Linux, OSI at 3:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: Some anime fans have_made_this_video about recent events ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1290 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.11.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_11/4/2021:_GnuPG_2.3.0,_Linux_5.13_Additions⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:35 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_As_An_Alternative_To_Windows_&_MacOS⠀⇛ I downloaded Mandrake Linux and installed it onto my computer and tried it. It had a familiar-looking desktop, not exactly like windows but not too alien from it either. It contained some useful software including a web browser, email program, office suite, etc, and I loved trying something truly different. The problem I found though, it was too difficult to download new programs and to customise the user experience. It had a command-line interface meaning you needed to type computer code to download programs or change the system to your liking. Although it looked familiar, to use it on a day-to-day basis, a certain amount of coding knowledge was required. I wanted to use my computer to be productive rather than learning to code to use it. Although this experiment was enjoyable, at this stage Linux just wasn’t for me. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_in_Linux_146:_Linux_on_M1_Mac,_Google_vs_Oracle, PipeWire,_Bottom_Panel_for_GNOME_Shell_–_TuxDigital⠀⇛ On this episode of This Week in Linux, we’ve got an update for Linux support on Apple’s M1 Mac hardware. KDE Announces a new patch-set for Qt 5. IBM Announced COBOL Compiler For Linux. Then later in the show we’re bringing back everyone’s favorite Legal News segment with Google v. Oracle reaching U.S. Supreme Court. We’ve also got new releases to talk about such as PipeWire 0.3.25 and JingOS v0.8 plus GNOME Designers are exploring the possibility of having a bottom panel. Then we’ll round out the show with some Humble Bundles about programming in Python. All that and much more on Your Weekly Source for Linux GNews! # ⚓ MineTest:_I_Am_A_Dwarf_And_I’m_Digging_A_Hole⠀⇛ People have been asking me to play MineTest for ages so I thought I should finally get around to it, if you’ve never heard of it MineTest is an open source Minecraft clone that surprisingly has a lot of community support o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Official_Support_For_Linux_On_M1_Macs_Could_Be_Coming Soon⠀⇛ There has been work to try and bring Linux onto the M1 Macs, and it seems that the developers are confident that they could have something stable enough this June. This is according to a report from Phoronix in which they claim that the Linux 5.13 cycle could be when support for Apple Silicon could be introduced. However, it should be noted that it won’t necessarily provide the full Linux experience just yet. The initial port could see things like UART, interrupts, SMP, DeviceTree, and so on, so this port is more like a working proof of concept that an M1 compatible Linux is a possibility. If you plan to use Linux often, then maybe it might not be a good idea to rely on this port just yet. This development comes on the heels of an announcement earlier this year where Corellium was successful at porting Ubuntu onto M1 Macs, although it wasn’t necessarily the “core Linux kernel”. # ⚓ You_might_be_able_to_run_Linux_natively_on_Apple_M1_Macs_as early_as_June⠀⇛ The new hardware from Apple runs on the ARM processor architecture and as a result, requires extra work to bring the same feature support as an Intel or AMD processor. # ⚓ EXT4_With_Linux_5.13_Looks_Like_It_Will_Support_Casefolding With_Encryption_Enabled_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ While EXT4 supports both case-folding for optional case insensitive filenames and does support file- system encryption, at the moment those features are mutually exclusive. But it looks like the upcoming Linux 5.13 kernel will allow casefolding and encryption to be active at the same time. Queued this week into the EXT4 file-system’s “dev” tree was ext4: handle casefolding with encryption. # ⚓ SiFive_FU740_PCIe_Support_Queued_Ahead_Of_Linux_5.13_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Arguably the most interesting RISC-V board announced to date is SiFive’s HiFive Unmatched with the FU740 RISC-V SoC that features four U74-MC cores and one S7 embedded core. The HiFive Unmatched also has 16GB of RAM, USB 3.2 Gen 1, one PCI Express x16 slot (operating at x8 speeds), an NVMe slot, and Gigabit Ethernet. The upstream kernel support for the HiFive Unmatched and the FU740 SoC continues. With the Linux 5.12 cycle there was the start of mainlining SiFive FU740 SoC support and that work is continuing for the upcoming Linux 5.13 cycle. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ GnuPG_2.3.0_Is_Released_With_New_Default_Public_Key Algorithms,_A_New_Key_Daemon_And_More⠀⇛ GnuPG is the de-facto standard for encrypted e- mail, and to some degree encrypted instant messages, within the free software world. Most FOSS e-mail software has built-in support or plugins for it. It is also used to sign software releases, ISO images for GNU/Linux distributions and a whole lot more. Nobody outside the FOSS community uses it or cares about it, which is a bit sad. GnuPG 2.3.0 has quite a few improvements over previous versions. It now comes with a still experimental key database daemon that uses a SQLite database to store the keys. It can be enabled by adding use-keyboxd to $HOME/.gnupg/gpg.conf. There is a new separate configuration file for it called $HOME/.gnupg/gpgsm.conf. This daemon makes key look-ups much faster. There’s also a new tpm2d daemon for physically binding keys to a machine. You can read more about it in a blog post on gnupg.org titled Using a TPM with GnuPG 2.3. Most newer laptops in the upper price range come with a TPM module. Desktop computers tend to come with a empty motherboard header where one can be installed, so this is mostly useful if you have a fairly new high-end laptop or you are willing to buy a TPM module. New GnuPG keys are now, by default, created with the ed25519/cv25519 public key algorithms. Similarly, AES is now the new last resort cipher preference instead of 3DES. # ⚓ Matrix:_a_decentralized_open-source_messaging_platform_for the_future⠀⇛ When you are looking at a secure and private instant messaging solution, there are certain issues that are important to consider which is metadata; metadata can be inferred just by knowing details like whose your contact, frequency, and length of the message; some platform collects contact info and phone numbers, email address, etc. In the general collection of identity information is a problem. In addition, the centralization problem which comes from creating and collecting contact lists and phone numbers; this is one of the worst things that you can do for privacy. In this article, we will discuss an instant messaging platform called Matrix. This platform is good for privacy, not just message encryption. Matrix does not take any personal information from the user. We will focus on it because it is open- source and has end-to-end encryption for groups and two-party conversations. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Install_TeamSpeak_Client_on_Ubuntu_20.04_Linux_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ TeamSpeak is a free voice conferencing software available to install on Linux, Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, and Android. It is the pioneer in its areas of other platforms such as Discord. TeamSpeak allows free of cost access to around 1000 public TeamSpeak servers or even your own private one. In parallel to online games, you can use the current TeamSpeak to communicate with friends via speech and text. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Robo_3T_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Robo 3T on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Robo3T formerly known as RobMongo is one of the best GUI tools for managing and querying MongoDB database. It provides GUI tools for managing & querying the MongoDB database. It embeds the actual mongo shell that allows for CLI as well as GUI access to the database. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Robo 3T RobMongo on an Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa) server. You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Java_on_Ubuntu_Step_by_Step_Guide_for Beginners⠀⇛ Some programs/tools/utility on Ubuntu required java/JVM, without java these programs are not working. Are you facing the same problem? Don’t worry! Today I am going to cover in this article how to install Java on Ubuntu. This article will cover the complete tutorial step by step. You can get java on Ubuntu via three packages JRE, OpenJDK and Oracle JDK. Java and Java’s Virtual Machine (JVM) are widely used and required to run much software. # ⚓ “apt-get_command_not_found”_error_in_Ubuntu_by_Easy_Way⠀⇛ apt-get command is used to manage package in Ubuntu and other Debian based distribution. You can install, remove software in Ubuntu, You can update upgrade ubuntu and other operating systems with help of this command. If you want to install new software on the Linux operating system by apt-get command but you get the error “apt-get command not found“. This is really the biggest problem for the new user. Neither you can install new packages nor you can update and upgrade ubuntu. apt-get is not working, how will you install a new package? If the problem only of installing new packages then it can be solved. You can use dpkg command to install deb files in ubuntu and derivatives. # ⚓ How_to_upgrade_Linux_Mint_19.3_(Tricia)_to_Mint_20.1_ (Ulyssa)_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Are you planning to upgrade your existing Linux Mint 19.3 (Tricia) PC or Laptop to Linux Mint 20.1 Ulyssa, then following the simple steps given in the tutorial… Linux Mint is one of the popular distros among users who want a Windows-like operating system but with the benefits of Linux and a user-friendly interface. As Mint is an Ubuntu derivative, thus not only we have the access to a large number of packages to install but also stability. The process of upgrading Mint is very easy, we can use GUI or command to do that. However, in this article, we will show you how to upgrade from Tricia (19.3) to Ulyssa (20.1) using CLI, thus first you have to make sure that your existing Mint 19.3 is on 64-bit because 20.1 doesn’t support 32- bit. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Node_js_in_Ubuntu_Step_by_Step_Explanation for_Beginners⠀⇛ Node.js is an open source cross-platform JavaScript run-time environment that allows server-side execution of JavaScript code. In simple words you can run JavaScript code on your machine (server) as a standalone application, and access form any web browser. When you create a server side application you need Node.js, it is also help to create front-end and full-stack. npm (Node Package Manager) is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language, and default package manager for Node.js. This tutorial will cover step by step methods “how to install node js in ubuntu 19.04″. in case you need the latest Node.js and npm versions. If you are using Node.js for development purposes then your best option is to install Node.js using the NVM script. Although this tutorial is written for Ubuntu the same instructions apply for any Ubuntu-based distribution, including Kubuntu, Linux Mint and Elementary OS. # ⚓ How_to_play_Geometry_Dash_on_Linux⠀⇛ Geometry Dash is a music platformer game developed by Robert Topala. The game is available to play on iOS, Android, as well as Microsoft Windows via Steam. In the game, players control a character’s movement and navigate through a series of music- based levels while avoiding obstacles and hazards. # ⚓ How_To_Set_Up_a_Firewall_with_UFW_in_Ubuntu_\_Debian⠀⇛ The Linux kernel includes the Netfilter subsystem, which is used to manipulate or decide the fate of network traffic headed into or through your server. All modern Linux firewall solutions use this system for packet filtering. [...] The default behavior of the UFW Firewall is to block all incoming and forwarding traffic and allow all outbound traffic. This means that anyone trying to access your server will not be able to connect unless you specifically open the port. Applications and services running on your server will be able to access the outside world. # ⚓ A_Ceph_war_story⠀⇛ It all started with the big bang! We nearly lost 33 of 36 disks on a Proxmox/Ceph Cluster; this is the story of how we recovered them. At the end of 2020, we eventually had a long outstanding maintenance window for taking care of system upgrades at a customer. During this maintenance window, which involved reboots of server systems, the involved Ceph cluster unexpectedly went into a critical state. What was planned to be a few hours of checklist work in the early evening turned out to be an emergency case; let’s call it a nightmare (not only because it included a big part of the night). Since we have learned a few things from our post mortem and RCA, it’s worth sharing those with others. But first things first, let’s step back and clarify what we had to deal with. # ⚓ [Old] Create_animated_GIFs_from_MP4_with_FFmpeg⠀⇛ Animated GIFs are after all these years still pretty popular. FFmpeg is a good FLOSS tool to create these animated GIFs. FFmpeg is available for Windows, Linux and OSX. A word of warning FFmpeg is a command line tool that’s very versatile but it’s not for everybody. In fact suppose this post is more for users that like to tinker a lot with their animated GIFs. Below I will explain not only how to create a animated GIF from an mpeg4 movie but I also provide instructions to improve the quality. The basic command to create an animated GIF from a mpeg4 is: ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.gif # ⚓ [Old] How_to_make_GIFs_with_FFMPEG⠀⇛ In that light, I wrote this post to share and explain some of its functionality, especially as it relates to GIF transcoding. To follow along you’ll need FFmpeg installed. The easiest way to do that is to go here and find a static build for whatever platform you’re working on. # ⚓ How_To_Install_7Zip_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install 7Zip on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, The 7Zip is open-source software available to compress and decompress files and folders into various formats. A 7Zip archive file usually ends in .7z extension. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the 7-Zip File Archiver on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Getting_Started_With_System_Logging_in_Linux⠀⇛ System logs in Linux provide you with great insight into core activities on your PC or server infrastructure. They’re critical for keeping your system stable and secure. System logs also provide you with an opportunity to audit various activities that have taken place in the past. This guide introduces you to the logging system in Linux. All the major activities carried out by core system applications and services are recorded in the form of logs and at the heart of all this is a system known as Syslog. # ⚓ How_to_edit_config_files_on_Ubuntu_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ The information needed to monitor the execution of a program is stored in configuration files. To maintain an Ubuntu server or desktop or any other Linux system, Linux users, especially Linux administrators, must edit configuration files. In fact, every Linux administrator must manually edit a configuration file at some stage. You can’t resist diving deep into the heart of one or more configuration files while setting up a web server, configuring a service to link to a database, modifying a bash script, or troubleshooting a network connection. Manually editing configuration files might seem like a nightmare to some people. Wading through what seems to be endless lines of choices and feedback can lead to a rapid loss of hair and sanity. Of course, this isn’t the case. Most Linux administrators, in reality, relish a good debugging or configuration challenge. It’s a lot of fun to sift through the details of how a server or piece of software works. This method, however, does not have to be a waste of time and resources. In reality, you have resources at your disposal that make editing config files a lot easier. # ⚓ How_to_make_a_bootable_Windows_USB_drive_on_Linux_using Woeusb-ng?⠀⇛ As a Linux user, you may need to make a bootable Windows USB drive for testing and education purposes or even to install it alongside your favourite distro. Whatever your reasons, you will be able to create a Microsoft OS bootable flash drive after reading this humble post. So power on your system and plug in your USB flash drive as you are only a few lines away from acquire this skill. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Emacs_Editor_on_CentOS_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Emacs Editor on CentOS 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Emacs is a very useful plus feature- rich text editor that may be used across multiple various platforms. Because of its considerable support for writing code within different languages, it is favored by most programmers. If you’re thinking about switching to Emacs on your Linux, or you’ve just switched to it, you will find that Emacs is not that hard to use. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Emacs Editor on a CentOS 8. # ⚓ Self_host_your_web_meetings_with_Jitsi_and_Raspberry_PI_– peppe8o⠀⇛ Even if already used with smartphones, video meetings overwhelmingly raised with Covid pandemic. Between solutions discovered in this context, a great open source and web application to host your video meetings, Jitsi, can run on Raspberry PI # ⚓ Shell_Script_–_Remove_Double_Quote_(“”)_from_a_String_– TecAdmin⠀⇛ This tutorial will help you to remove start and ending double quote from string in shell script. Where the string is stored in a variable. [...] The result will be printed on the terminal. You can also save the result to variable and or redirect output to a file. The below commands will help you to remove double quote and store output to the same or different variable. # ⚓ GNU_Linux_Debian_10_–_dead_boot_partition_stuck_at_grub prompt⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenTTD_Went_to_Steam_to_Solve_a_Hard_Problem_–_Boiling Steam⠀⇛ OpenTTD, the free and open-source software recreation of Transport Tycoon Deluxe, has been a popular game for a long time, but recently something unusual happened. The team behind the project decided to release the game on Steam (still free as always) and this has changed everything. Let me explain why this matters. If you have ever played OpenTTD on Linux, let me venture that you have probably relied on your distro’s package manager to keep your game up-to- date. In theory, this is the BEST way to keep your packages up to date. Rely on maintainers. In practice however, it’s far from being something you can rely on, beyond security updates. Debian stable tends to have really old packages, sometimes years behind their latest versions. So on Debian stable you end up with OpenTTD 1.08 as the most recent version. That’s what shipped in April 2018. Just about 3 years old. # ⚓ Portal_Stories:_Mel_gets_Vulkan_support_on_Linux_in_a_new Beta_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Portal Stories: Mel, an extremely popular and highly rated mod for Portal 2 just had a new Beta pushed out which adds in Vulkan support for Linux. Much like the update for Portal 2 that recently added Vulkan support, it’s using a special native build of DXVK, the Vulkan-based translation layer for Direct3D 9/10/11. Compared with the Portal 2 update, in some of my own testing today it seems that Portal Stories: Mel seems to benefit from the Vulkan upgrade quite a bit more in some places. At times giving a full 100FPS increase! So for those on weaker cards, this will probably be an ideal upgrade. Another game to test with Vulkan is always great too. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § antiX⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_update⠀⇛ Firefox 87.0 available # ⚓ mtPaint_upgrade⠀⇛ mtPaint has been upgraded to latest git version (3.50-9) # ⚓ antiX-17_kernel_updates⠀⇛ There have been various security patches applied upstream so users are strongly advised to update to the latest kernels via Package Installer, synaptic or cli-aptiX. Available for 64 and 32 bit. 5.10.27 4.19.184 4.9.264 4.4.264 # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ The_state_of_toolchains_in_NetBSD⠀⇛ While FreeBSD and OpenBSD both switched to using LLVM/Clang as their base system compiler, NetBSD picked a different path and remained with GCC and binutils regardless of the license change to GPLv3. However, it doesn’t mean that the NetBSD project endorses this license, and the NetBSD Foundation’s has issued a statement about its position on the subject. Realistically, NetBSD is more or less tied to GCC, as it supports more architectures than the other BSDs, some of which will likely never be supported in LLVM. As of NetBSD 9.1, the latest released version, all supported platforms have recent versions of GCC (7.5.0) and binutils (2.31.1) in the base system. Newer (and older!) versions of GCC can be installed via Pkgsrc, and the following packages are available, going all the way back to GCC 3.3.6: [...] # ⚓ Review:_OpenBSD_6.8_on_8th_Gen_Lenovo_ThinkPad_X1 Carbon_13.3″⠀⇛ 10 days ago, I bought this X1 Carbon. I immediately installed OpenBSD on it. It took me a few days to settle in and make myself at home, but here are my impressions. This was the smoothest experience I’ve had getting OpenBSD set up the way I like it. The Toshiba NB305 in 2011 was a close second, but the Acer I used between these two laptops required a lot more tweaking of both hardware and kernel to get it to feel like home. # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Reactions_to_Arch_Linux’s_New_Guided_Installer⠀⇛ Tech Radar writes that previously Arch Linux had “a rather convoluted installation process, which has given rise to a stream of Arch-based distros that are easier to install,” adding that the new installer “was reportedly promoted as an official installation mechanism back in January, and was actively worked upon leading to its inclusion in the installation medium.” # ⚓ Latest_Arch_Linux_ISO_Release_Comes_with_the ArchInstall_CLI_Guided_Installer⠀⇛ Arch Linux 2021.04.01 is now available for download as the most up-to-date installation medium of this independently developed, flexible, lightweight, and rolling-release GNU/Linux distribution. While last month’s ISO release was the first to be powered by the latest and greatest Linux 5.11 kernel, Arch Linux’s ISO release for April 2021 includes the archinstall guided installer developed by Anton Hvornum. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Charles_Plessy:_Debian_Bullseye:_more_open⠀⇛ Debian Bullseye will provide the command / usr/bin/open for your greatest comfort at the command line. On a system with a graphical desktop environment, the command should have a similar result as when opening a document from a mouse-and-click file browser. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Crowbits_Master_Kit_Tutorial_–_Part_2:_ESP32 intrusion_scanner_and_visual_programming_–_CNX_Software –_Embedded_Systems_News⠀⇛ I started Crowbits Master Kit review last month by checking out the content, user manual, and some of the possible projects for the ESP32 educational kit including a 2G phone and a portable game console. For the second part of the review, I’ll go through one of the lessons in detail, namely the intrusion scanner to show the whole process and how well (or not) it works. Let’s go to Lesson 5 directly, although I’d recommend going through the first lessons that provide details about the hardware and visual programming basics using Letscode program, which is basically a custom version of Scratch for Crowbits # ⚓ RP2040-PICO-PC_small_computer_made_with_the_Raspberry Pi_RP2040-PICO_module_first_prototypes_are_ready⠀⇛ It’s small base board for RP2040-PICO the $4 module with the Cortex-M0+ processor made by Raspberry Pi foundation. We were ready with the prototype for a long time but the RP2040-PICO modules were tricky to source # ⚓ ESP32-C6_WiFI_6_and_Bluetooth_5_LE_RISC-V_SoC_for_IoT devices_coming_soon_–_CNX_Software_–_Embedded_Systems News⠀⇛ Espressif Systems introduced their first RISC-V wireless SoC last year with ESP32-C3 single-core 32-bit RISC-V SoC offering both 2.4GHz WiFi 4 and Bluetooth 5.0 LE connectivity, and while the company sent some engineering samples of ESP32-C3 boards months ago, general availability of ESP32-C3- DevKitM-1 and modules is expected shortly. But the company did not stop here, and just announced their second RISC-V processor with ESP32-C6 single-core 32-bit RISC- V microcontroller clocked at up to 160 MHz with both 2.4 GHz WiFi 6 (802.11ax) and Bluetooth 5 LE connectivity. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_app_shutdown_–_Popular_Android_download_gets Play_Store_axe_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Android_team_embraces_Rust_for_Android_OS development_–_ARN⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_rolls_out_the_Android_11_update_for_Velvet_5G_UW users_|_HT_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ Asus_is_updating_the_ZenFone_7_and_7_Pro_to_Android 11_around_the_world⠀⇛ # ⚓ [Opinion]_Why_OnePlus_9_Pro_probably_isn’t_the_best Android_in_the_U.S.⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_new_Android_games_from_the_last_week:_The_best, worst,_and_everything_in_between_(4/5/21_–_4/11/21)⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_many_years_of_Android_updates_should_be_good enough?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Joker_malware_infects_over_500,000_Huawei_Android devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Flashback:_LG’s_best_phones_before_and_after_the switch_to_Android_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ PUBG_Mobile_1.4_beta_update_(global_version):_APK download_link_for_worldwide_Android_users⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_play_GTA_5_on_Android_smartphones_using_Xbox Game_Pass⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_OnePlus_9_Pro_made_me_fall_in_love_with_Android again_—_here’s_why_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Stable_ColorOS_11_update_goes_live_for_OPPO_Reno_2_Z and_OPPO_A91⠀⇛ # ⚓ Verizon’s_LG_Velvet_5G_UW_is_receiving_Android_11 update_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_4.2_receives_Android_11_firmware_update_– Gizchina.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ India-_ASUS_ZenFone_7_and_7_Pro_receive_Android_11 update |_MENAFN.COM⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_promises_three_years_of_Android_updates_after_exit from_smartphone_market_|_IT_PRO⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_control_your_Android_Smart_TVs_using_mobile_| Gadgets_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_5_Best_Music_Visualizers_for_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_New_Android_Games_This_Week:_Battery_Boy,_Game of_Thrones:_The_Board_Game,_Heroic_Expedition,_and_More –_Droid_Gamers⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Going_Against_Google_Analytics_With_Plausible’s_Co-Founder_ [Interview]⠀⇛ Plausible is a privacy-friendly alternative to Google Analytics. It also aims to be a simple and lightweight analytics solution. Above all, it is a completely open-source project that also gives you the ability to self-host. Right after an interview with Lutris creator, I reached to out to Marko Saric, who happens to be a Co-Founder of the project to provide some insights on his vision for this project and the future of Plausible. # ⚓ Why_Crate.io_has_returned_to_its_pure_open_source_roots⠀⇛ The headline benefits of open source are widely known and well-articulated. Open source technologies provide enterprise-level scalability, performance, security, and reliability. Trust is there, and it’s deserved. But what’s less celebrated, other than by die-hard open source adherents, are the inner workings of the everyday community contributions building those macro benefits at the atomic level. For those offering open source technologies, it is the community’s constant user-driven testing and hardening that forges those technologies into robust and proven solutions. Those contributions don’t show up on the balance sheet, but they can be absolutely formative to an enterprise’s health and success. In 2013, I co-founded Crate.io with open source ideals and my belief in the power of the community. As a startup intent on bringing the simplicity and strength of open source to the realm of advanced SQL databases that could handle the growing volume of Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT data, we rooted our CrateDB database in 100% open source component technologies. And we were sure to play our role as active contributors to those technologies and nurtured our own community of CrateDB developers. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Dependencies_for_LibreOffice_compiled_in_OE⠀⇛ In the current release of EasyOS, LibreOffice (LO) was compiled in a running EasyOS, not in OE. During the build, LO automatically downloads any extra source packages that it needs, that are not available in the system. What I have done is compile many of those dependencies in OE, so they will be available as shared libraries for LO to link against, but other applications will also be able to use them. For example, LO uses ‘libcdr’, a CorelDraw import filter. By having this as a shared system library, Inkscape can optionally link against it, and also have CorelDraw import capability. Hmmm, does anyone still use CorelDraw? # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ In_Support_of_Richard_Stallman:_Normalizing_Truth, Reason,_Dialogue⠀⇛ False accusations were made against Richard Stallman in September 2019. Although others pointed out the mistakes, the stage had been set for a cascade of defamatory reactions that followed and spread like wildfire. This was fueled by misquotes and distortion of events in mainstream headlines, blogs, and social media, leading ultimately to Stallman’s resignation from his positions at MIT and the FSF. [...] Some published accurate articles, objectively and meticulously showcasing the facts. Many others wrote short comments in blogs and news websites pointing out the errors that were being swiftly propagated by copy paste “authors.” Still others sent letters of concern to the FSF. A petition[1] was launched to condemn bad press and demand apologies to Stallman from journalists who knowingly or incompetently spread false information. It was to no avail. Journalists never corrected their erroneous headlines, let alone apologize. The petition is now stale (and it requires JavaScript.) Better to sign the letter of support. We have become sadly familiar with the terms “misinformation and disinformation” and the need to critically examine the agendas and mindsets motivating these campaigns as well as check the facts behind their assertions. To our collective social woe, disinformation succeeds because so many people care deeply about injustice but do not take the time to study the facts before passing along or acting on disinformation. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Jussi_Pakkanen:_Converting_a_project_to_Meson:_the olc_Pixel_Game_Engine⠀⇛ Meson’s development has always been fairly practical focusing on solving real world problems people have. One simple way of doing that is taking existing projects, converting their build systems to Meson and seeing how long it takes, what pain points there are and whether there are missing features. Let’s look at one such conversion. We’ll use the One Lone Coder Pixel Game Engine. It is a simple but fairly well featured game engine that is especially suitable for beginners. It also has very informative YouTube channel teaching people how to write their own computer games. The engine is implemented as a single C++ header and the idea is that you can just copy it in your own project, #include it and start coding your game. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Create_a_Hello_World_App_Using_Flask Framework⠀⇛ This article will cover a guide on writing a simple hello world application using Python based “Flask” framework. Flask can be used to create minimal, extensible and advanced web applications using a set of libraries included in its module. All code samples in this tutorial are tested on Ubuntu 20.10 having Python version 3.8.6 and Flask version 1.1.2. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ To_Julia_de_Burgos⠀⇛ Already people murmur I’m your enemy since they say that in verse I give the world to me. They lie, Julia de Burgos. They lie, Julia de Burgos. The one rising in my verses isn’t your voice: it is my voice since you are costumes and I, the essence; and the deepest abyss spreads between us. o ⚓ Vishal_Gupta:_Sikkim_101_for_Backpackers⠀⇛ Host to Kanchenjunga, the world’s third-highest mountain peak and the endangered Red Panda, Sikkim is a state in northeastern India. Nestled between Nepal, Tibet (China), Bhutan and West Bengal (India), the state offers a smorgasbord of cultures and cuisines. That said, it’s hardly surprising that the old spice route meanders through western Sikkim, connecting Lhasa with the ports of Bengal. Although the latter could also be attributed to cardamom (kali elaichi), a perennial herb native to Sikkim, which the state is the second-largest producer of, globally. Lastly, having been to and lived in India, all my life, I can confidently say Sikkim is one of the cleanest & safest regions in India, making it ideal for first-time backpackers. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Customs_and_Border_Protection_Plans_Vast Expansion_of_Tech-Based_Surveillance⠀⇛ The United States government plans to expand a program for monitoring the Mexico border through cutting edge artificial intelligence technology. # ⚓ Facebook_spent_$23_million_for_CEO_Mark Zuckerberg’s_security_in_2020⠀⇛ A new filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission shows that Facebook spent more than $23 million last year on security for CEO Mark Zuckerberg. Facebook’s annual reviews of company security “identified specific threats to Mr. Zuckerberg,” according to a proxy statement filed Friday. # ⚓ Leaked_phone_number_of_Mark_Zuckerberg reveals_he_is_on_Signal⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_of_the_Best_Alternatives_to_WhatsApp that_Actually_Respect_Your_Privacy [Ed: Some of the items in this list are dubious]⠀⇛ When social media giant Facebook purchased everyone’s favorite mobile messenger WhatsApp, users were promised their data would be private and that they wouldn’t be subject to the shady things that Mark Zuckerberg and crew are known for. As time has gone on, more and more privacy has been taken away from Whatsapp users in the name of “analytical data.” Gone are the days when you could trust this app to be totally private and not expect to get data mined for valuable information – information that could easily be sold to advertisers. Here we show you the best alternatives to WhatsApp that actually respect your privacy. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Hunting_in_Yemen⠀⇛ “It’s not normal for people to live like this,” says Iman Saleh, now on her thirteenth day of a hunger strike demanding an end to war in Yemen. Since March 29 th, in Washington, D.C., Iman Saleh, age 26, has been on a hunger strike to demand an end to the war in Yemen. She is joined by five others from her group, The Yemeni Liberation Movement. The hunger strikers point out that enforcement of the Saudi Coalition-led blockade relies substantially on U.S. weaponry.  # ⚓ Opinion_|_Yemen_Is_a_Public_Health_Catastrophe⠀⇛ The country’s civilians have been the unwilling participants in a proxy war that has cost hundreds of thousands of lives and has left the public health system in shambles. The war in Yemen—the Arab world’s poorest country—has reached new heights of sickness and death by the spreading of the coronavirus pandemic in a vulnerable and fragile population. The death toll from the coronavirus pandemic could be greater than the combined toll of war, disease and hunger over the last five years, according to Lise Grande, the U.N.’s head of humanitarian operations in Yemen. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Why_Biden_Must_Reverse_Trump_Policy_on_Landmines Now⠀⇛ We must renounce these indiscriminate weapons that will continue to kill decades after they were placed. # ⚓ ‘Subclinical_Psychopathy_And_The_Cops’:_A_Quick_But Alarming_Way_Into_George_Floyd_Murder_Trial⠀⇛ If you’re trying to follow the trial of former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin for the murder of George Floyd – the 2020 killing that re- invigorated the #BlackLivesMatter movement and sparked worldwide protests against police violence – there’s unfortunately not a lot of interest in Australian media. # ⚓ Torture_Australian-Style:_A_New_Secret_Country⠀⇛ It turns out it’s surprisingly easy to tolerate the torture of your citizens if you’re a country with a long record of it. Dr Lissa Johnson weighs in on the Australian Government’s silence on Julian Assange. # ⚓ Convicted_ISIS_supporter_tells_Chicago_judge_he’s_‘just_a normal_guy’⠀⇛ As ABC7′s I-Team first reported five years ago, both men had a jihadist scheme to attack Great Lakes Naval Base, the Navy’s sole basic training facility. They also expressed an interest in throwing people off the roof of the (former) Sears Tower skyscraper in Chicago. The violent scenarios were not serious threats, according to Schimenti’s attorney on Friday but were merely stated for “shock value.” # ⚓ Rejecting_Biden’s_$715_Billion_Proposal,_Jayapal_Says Congress_Must_Slash_the_‘Bloated_Pentagon_Budget’⠀⇛ “Don’t increase defense spending. Cut it,” said the chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. Joining fellow progressive lawmakers in rejecting President Joe Biden’s request for a $715 billion Pentagon budget, Rep. Pramila Jayapal on Saturday argued that Congress must slash military spending and “invest that money into our communities” as coronavirus infections rise across the U.S. and mass layoffs continue. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Western_Media_Incite_Anti-Asian_Racism_When_They Join_in_Cold_War_Against_China⠀⇛ Western news outlets have deceptively omitted the centrality of media-promoted Sinophobia to this latest spike in hate crimes toward anyone perceived to be Chinese. Over the past few weeks, the subject of anti-Asian racism has received an unusual degree of Western media attention, ever since a video showing the January 28 killing of Vicha Ratanapakdee, an 84- year-old Thai immigrant in San Francisco, was widely shared on social media. Coverage intensified when gunman Robert Aaron Long targeted three Asian- owned spas on March 6, killing six Asian women among eight victims in Atlanta, Georgia. Local and national media centered the gunman’s professed motive of a “sex addiction” and police statements disputing whether the crime was racially motivated, even though gendered racism is still a factor when racist incidents don’t meet the narrow and arbitrary requirements of what constitutes a hate crime ( FAIR.org, 3/26/21). o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Israel’s_Environment_Minister:_Massive_Oil_Spill_Was ‘Environmental_Terrorism’_by_Ship_Sailing_From_Iran⠀⇛ A massive oil spill off Israel’s coast last month that severely polluted its beaches was “environmental terrorism” committed by a Libyan ship sailing from Iran, Israel’s environment minister said Wednesday. Israeli public broadcaster Kan reported that Minister Gila Gamliel said that the ship was called the Emerald and had left Iran with its transponder off, and only turned it back on when it reached the Syrian coast. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Wolves_Remain_at_Risk_as_Hunters_and_Their_State- Level_Allies_Call_the_Shots⠀⇛ In case you missed it, in February, hunters killed more than 200 wolves in Wisconsin in three days. When the smoke cleared, at least 20 percent of the state’s wolves were dead. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Stock_Buybacks_Stand_in_the_Way_of_Biden’s Infrastructure_Plan⠀⇛ Hedge fund managers are pushing American firms to play Wall Street games instead of investing in technologies of the future. China doesn’t have that problem. President Biden’s $2 trillion infrastructure and climate proposal has a lot of people excited, and no wonder. Americans are sick of being stuck with frazzled electric grids, foul drinking water, falling bridges, far too many left out of prosperity, and feeling that the country’s global status is suffering. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Corporations_Criticize_Georgia’s_Racist_Voting_Bill_After Giving_Big_to_GOP⠀⇛ Corporate America is clashing with GOP leaders over Georgia Republicans’ bill to overhaul voting laws, representing another break between the two forces that have long been closely aligned. # ⚓ Republicans_Ready_Battle_for_State-Level_Court_Takeovers_in Texas⠀⇛ After a slate of 19 Black women swept judicial elections in Houston in 2018, some Republicans called for a constitutional amendment to end judicial elections. That effort has failed so far, but a new bill in the Texas legislature could slash the number of appellate courts, which include more Democrats now than they have in decades. The state’s 14 appellate courts have jurisdiction — sometimes overlapping — in civil and criminal cases appealed from trial courts. # ⚓ As_Amazon_Election_Spotlights_Rigged_System,_Senate_Dems Urged_to_Nuke_Filibuster_and_Pass_PRO_Act⠀⇛ “In most states, it is easier to buy an AR-15 than it is to join a union.” Amazon’s victory over an against-the-odds unionization effort at its warehouse in Bessemer, Alabama is intensifying pressure on Senate Democrats to swiftly eliminate the 60-vote legislative filibuster and pass the PRO Act, a proposed revamp of employer-friendly U.S. labor law that would ban many of the tactics the tech behemoth used to crush the organizing drive. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_Wikipedia_Editing_Scandals_That_Slipped_Under_Readers’ Radars⠀⇛ Wikipedia is an invaluable resource for cheating at bar trivia, winning an argument with your dad about what year Bruce Willis’ R&B album came out, and reading a list of erotic video games at three in the morning after starting on the Battle of Lepanto five hours ago. But it’s not without its controversies, such as … o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Copenhagen_attack_cartoonist_Lars_Vilks_wins_award⠀⇛ A Swedish cartoonist who depicted the Prophet Muhammad as a dog has made his first public appearance since attending a debate that was targeted in a gun attack in Copenhagen last month. Lars Vilks received a prize for courage from a free press group, at a heavily secured event in the Danish parliament. # ⚓ Giorgos_Karaivaz:_Veteran_crime_journalist_shot_dead_in Greece⠀⇛ Media freedom organisations said it must be established whether Karaivaz was killed for his work, which covered organised crime and corruption. # ⚓ Julian_Assange’s_second_anniversary_in_Belmarsh_this_Sunday 11_April_2021_–_Read_the_latest_case_update_by_Stella_Moris⠀⇛ Protests and solidarity actions are planned around the world to raise awareness. Reporters Without Borders ( @rsf_inter on Twitter) has changed its banner into a Free Assange message for the anniversary. When I tell Julian about these actions it lifts his spirits. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ As_Activists’_Hunger_Strike_Reaches_Day_13,_Calls_Mount_for Biden_to_End_US_Complicity_in_Starvation_of_Yemen⠀⇛ “My pain cannot amount to that of Yemenis under siege,” said one hunger striker. “I am starving, but I am not being starved. I am suffering, but I can choose to end that suffering.” A hunger strike launched by Detroit-based anti-war activists in protest of the Saudi-led blockade of Yemen entered its 13th day on Saturday as calls grow for President Joe Biden to end all U.S. support for the kingdom’s deadly restrictions, which are preventing food, medicine, fuel, and other aid from reaching starving Yemenis. # ⚓ “We_Are_Not_Here_or_Funded_to_‘Promote_the_Best_Interest’ of_the_Children,”_Wrote_the_Head_of_a_Program_for_Brain- Damaged_Infants⠀⇛ Over two decades, Choi “Julie” Nguyen bounced from one low-paying job to the next: dishwasher, custodian, manicurist. As a single mom raising two daughters and a profoundly disabled son, Nguyen could never hold a job for long. Inevitably, the nurses Nguyen relied on to care for her son, Justin, would arrive late or not at all. Who would suction his mechanical airway, fill his feeding tube or turn him in bed to prevent pressure sores? Who was going to sleep on the couch at the hospital when Justin had surgery or fought life- threatening infections? # ⚓ The_Race_To_The_Bottom_In_Our_Return_to_the_Moonlight State⠀⇛ It’s 2021 and Australia is again reflecting on monstrous abuses by men in power. For some of us, it brings back memories of villains past. And it makes us wonder when it’s going to change. Mike Dowson thinks it won’t. Not finally. Not until we tackle the whole rotten post-colonial system in which it thrives. # ⚓ New_Zealand_Law_Granting_Paid_Leave_for_Miscarriage_Sparks Organizing_in_US⠀⇛ When New Zealand’s Parliament extended three days of paid leave to workers and their partners following a miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy or stillbirth, as well as to those whose plans to welcome a child through adoption or surrogacy become derailed, it cast a spotlight on how countries throughout the world treat the aftermath of pregnancy loss. # ⚓ In_Wake_of_Amazon_Union_Vote,_Progressives_Urge_Action_on Filibuster_and_PRO_Act⠀⇛ Amazon’s victory over an against-the-odds unionization effort at its warehouse in Bessemer, Alabama is intensifying pressure on Senate Democrats to swiftly eliminate the 60-vote legislative filibuster and pass the PRO Act, a proposed revamp of employer-friendly U.S. labor law that would ban many of the tactics the tech behemoth used to crush the organizing drive. # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Message_From_the_Amazon_Union_Defeat_in Alabama_Is_Clear:_Keep_Organizing⠀⇛ The union’s loss in Bessemer shows the urgent need for both labor law reform and organizing at a mass scale. # ⚓ The_woman_who_took_on_Google_and_won⠀⇛ The Alphabet Workers Union was set up in January 2021 for Google workers. It is not recognised by the National Labor Relations Board, an independent government agency, and is sometimes referred to as a “minority union”. The vast majority of Google workers aren’t members, but Shannon was and the union took up her case. In February, they filed two cases on her behalf under unfair labour practice laws. One that she had been suspended illegally – for talking about supporting a union. The other that her managers had asked her, illegally, not to discuss her wages. [...] Well it didn’t admit any wrongdoing as part of the settlement, and didn’t admit to being a “joint employer” of contract staff. The BBC put Shannon’s story to Google but it said it had nothing further to add. Adecco has not responded to a BBC request for comment. # ⚓ [Old] “Fair”_Doesn’t_Mean_“Equal”⠀⇛ In all of these discussions, we quickly came to a common point: to be effective, you’d need to tailor the feedback, both content and form, to the particular needs of the person hearing it. If someone struggles with insecurity, I might choose to soften the tone and emphasizing available support. If they tend to process feedback out loud and want to talk things through, I might make it more of a conversation than a direct message. If they need time to process, I might send the feedback over chat or email and then set aside time for any follow-ups at our next one-on-one. What I wouldn’t do: use the same script for everyone. This brings me back to one of the earliest lessons I learned in my management career. It’s a realization that’s embarrassingly obvious in hindsight: treating people fairly doesn’t mean treating everyone the same. # ⚓ Lawsuits_seek_to_stop_mining,_construction_on_sacred sites⠀⇛ Two disputes over sites that are sacred to Native Americans are on the docket at the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. A group of Apache tribal members and their allies are fighting to stop the construction of a copper mine on a place in Arizona where Indigenous people have worshiped for centuries. # ⚓ Mine_Will_Destroy_Apache_Sacred_Site,_Court_Declines_to Intervene⠀⇛ Last week, a federal judge in Arizona denied to the Native American advocacy organization Apache Stronghold a preliminary injunction that would have blocked a land swap opening the way to the creation of one of the largest copper mines in the U.S. and indeed in the world. The mine, a $ 61-billion project, will employ 1,500 people. The problem, U.S. District Judge Steven Logan was told, is that the project implies the destruction of Oak Flat, called by the Apache Chi’chil Bildagoteel, and regarded by them as a sacred place of their religion. As such, they claim, it cannot be destroyed both for reasons of religious freedom and because of a treaty signed in 1852 between the Apache tribes and the U.S. government. The Apaches explained that Oak Flat is a natural “portal to the Creator God” in their religion, and its destruction will have devastating religious and cultural consequences. # ⚓ [Old] Native_Activists_File_Suit_After_Trump_Officials_Hand Sacred_Land_to_Foreign_Mining_Firm⠀⇛ According to Archeologist John R. Welch, there is indeed no evidence that the United States ever took legal possession of the territory of Oak Flat. In his lengthy 2017 analysis of the treaty, Welch thoroughly examines the only treaty executed between the Apache Indians and concludes that he found “no evidence, in the proceedings of the Indian Claims Commission or elsewhere, of any change or diminishment in the Apaches’ reserved treaty rights to the Western Apaches’ Treaty Territory.” Welch further states unequivocally that “Oak Flat is Apache land, as it has been for centuries and is not owned by the United States of America or any other entity or person.” # ⚓ Cops_Caught_on_Video_Holding_a_Black_Army_Lieutenant_at Gunpoint,_Then_Pepper-Spraying_Him⠀⇛ By the end of the incident, the cops would threaten Nazario, pepper-spray him in the face, and knee- strike him in the legs, according to body camera footage, Nazario’s cellphone video, and legal filings. Later, when Nazario was in tears and on the ground of a gas station parking lot as officers put him in handcuffs, he repeated, “This is fucked up, this is fucked up.” The officers allegedly told Nazario if he were to complain, they’d charge him with crimes like obstruction, eluding, and assault on a law enforcement officer—potentially destroying his military career. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Epic_antitrust_case_versus_Apple_in_Australia_gets_three- month_stay⠀⇛ An Australian judge has ruled that Epic’s lawsuit against Apple in Australia will be temporarily suspended as the two sides prepare for a trial in the US, Gizmodo Australia reported. Apple had asked for a permanent stay of the case in Australia, arguing that the US and Australia cases were very similar, and that the matter should be settled in the original jurisdiction of the United States. The two companies are fighting over Epic’s battle royale game Fortnite, and the fees Apple charges. In August, Epic set up its own in-game payments system, effectively circumventing Apple’s App Store payments and avoiding the 30 percent surcharge Apple collects on App Store purchases. Apple then removed Fortnite from its iOS App Store for violating its rules. Epic fired back with an antitrust lawsuit seeking to establish Apple’s App Store as a monopoly and tried to rally Fortnite fans with a protest video mocking Apple’s iconic “1984” ad. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Anixa_Biosciences_Announces_Issuance_and_Publication of_European_Patent_for_Ovarian_Cancer_Vaccine Technology [Ed: EPO giving_patent_monopolies_on cancer]⠀⇛ “The ovarian cancer vaccine targets a protein (the Extracellular Domain of the Anti- Mullerian Hormone Receptor 2, AMHR2-ED) that is expressed only in the ovaries and only in pre-menopausal women. After menopause, the target protein disappears and is only seen again when ovarian cancer cells arise. Our vaccine targets the AMHR2-ED and trains the immune system to destroy these cancer cells as they arise,” said Dr. Vincent Tuohy of the Department of Inflammation and Immunity at Cleveland Clinic’s Lerner Research Institute. “We are looking forward to our continued alliance with Anixa Biosciences to further develop this technology.” # ⚓ PMI_sees_BAT_e-cig_patents_invalidated_at_English High_Court⠀⇛ The UK high court has revoked two British American Tobacco (BAT) e-cigarette patents for obviousness, concluding they lack an “inventive step” over an existing Philip Morris International (PMI) patent. Justice Richard Meade ruled on March 9 that the BAT patents were invalid, therefore dismissing BAT’s claim that PMI had infringed the two ‘heat-not-burn’ patents with its IQOS product line. The two BAT patents are UK 3,398,460,B1 and UK 3,491,944,B1. The ‘460 patent relates to an “aerosol-generating device with housing and a cigarette”, whereas the ‘944 patent refers to a cigarette “for use with” an aerosol-generating device. # ⚓ FCBA_Remote_Program_on_Appellate_Perspectives [Ed: FCBA is a misnomer [1, 2] that borrows its name from something it is not]⠀⇛ The Federal Circuit Bar Association (FCBA) will be offering a remote program entitled “Appellate Perspectives” on April 15, 2021 from 1:00 to 2:00 pm (ET). Nicholas Groombridge of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP will moderate a panel consisting of Hon. Timothy Dyk, Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; Hon. Kathleen O’Malley, Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; Hon. Jimmie Reyna, Circuit Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; Hon. Klaus Bacher, Presiding Judge, 10th Civil Senate, Bundesgerichtshof (Germon Federal Court of Justice, FCJ); and Hon. Peter Meier-Beck, Presiding Judge, Antitrust Senate, Bundesgerichtshof (Germon Federal Court of Justice, FCJ). # ⚓ Webinar_on_Patenting_Antibodies_at_the_EPO [Ed: J A Kemp keeps pushing patents on life in Europe, benefiting from corrupt EPO management that never met a patent application it did not like]⠀⇛ J A Kemp will be offering a webinar entitled “Patenting Antibody Pharmaceuticals at the EPO” on April 15, 2021 from 2:30 to 3:30 pm BST (British Summer Time). Vicki Allen and Andrew Bentham of J A Kemp will explore the basic principles of patenting of antibodies, and highlight recent trends in examination and strategies for drafting new cases and for addressing objections to existing applications. # ⚓ GBT_–_3D_Chip_and_Memory_Patent_Enters_the_Regional Phase_in_Europe⠀⇛ GBT Technologies Inc. (OTC PINK: GTCH) (“GBT” or the “Company”), is pleased to report a continuation to its prior release – www.otcmarkets.com/stock/GTCH/news/ story?e&id=1829166 that the above-mentioned PCT application has entered the regional phase in Europe on March 16, 2021. The application has been allocated the number 19862631.9 and designates all EPC states (as of the PCT filing date). The Company filed its application on or around October 9, 2019. It is expected that the European Patent Office will shortly issue a communication under Rule 161 EPC. This will invite GBT to file a response to the WO (ISA)/IPRP as well as the opportunity to reduce the claims to avoid fees at that stage. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Patentability_Of_General_AI:_Is_China_Moving Away_From_Europe_and_Toward_The_United_States?_– Lexology [Ed: "Technically-applied AI inventions are generally patentable in Europe, China, and the U.S." according to this, but that's just a way of saying they grant bogus patents on software using buzzwords and hype as justification]⠀⇛ Patenting an artificial intelligence (AI) invention can be a challenge that depends greatly on jurisdiction and the category of AI to which the invention belongs. Important jurisdictions for patent protection include Europe and China, and, of course, the United States. There are two important categories of AI pertinent to patentability that are termed herein as “technically-applied AI” and “generally-applicable AI”. Technically-applied AI involves applying AI to other technology areas. AI inventions in this category include, for example, autonomous vehicles and robots, facial recognition, and AI- controlled medical devices. Technically-applied AI inventions are generally patentable in Europe, China, and the U.S. Generally-applicable AI includes AI innovations that may be applied to any technology area. Obvious inclusions in this category are improvements to fundamental AI and machine learning algorithms, such as algorithms for neural networks and random forests. Patenting inventions directed only to these fundamental algorithms may be possible in the U.S. and also, shortly, in China, but is impossible in Europe except in rare circumstances. In fact, pundits most often cite improvements to such fundamental algorithms as the example of generally-applicable AI that is virtually unpatentable in Europe. # ⚓ IPO_Webinar_on_Protecting_Medical_Device Software [Ed: Same old trick for amassing bogus patents on software is to misportray_these_as “devices”_and_“medical”]⠀⇛ The Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO) will offer a one-hour webinar entitled “Protecting Software Related to a Medical Device: A Case Law Review & Strategy” on April 14, 2021 from 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm (ET). Christopher George of Hanley, Flight & Zimmerman, LLC; John Kind of Fenwick & West LLP; Jonathan Kwok of Hewlett Packard Enterprise; Ishir Mehta of Cantor Colburn LLP; and Ryan Phelan of Marshall, Gerstein & Borun LLP will review recent case law relating to software-related medical patents and provide strategy tips for preparing and prosecuting patent applications involving such technologies. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Chinese_court_rules_against_trade_mark_squatter⠀⇛ n 18 March 2021, the Minhang District (Shanghai) Court published on its website a judgment, rendered on 25 September 2020, which could become a precedent in the fight against trade mark squatting. Zhigang ZHU of the MARQUES China Team reports. This case concerned a form of trade mark squatting that targets the owner of a reputable trade mark. The squatter files large numbers of identical or similar marks, preferably in classes of goods or services where the targeted trade mark is not registered. This kind of behaviour forces the victim to file numerous oppositions or invalidation actions and therefore incur significant costs. # ⚓ Phonetic_similarity,_even_to_a_high_degree,_is_not enough_to_cause_confusion,_the_General_Court_says⠀⇛ In the assessment of the similarity of signs, visual, phonetic and conceptual similarity are evaluated and it is not necessary that similarity exist in all three aspects, one can suffice. Nonetheless, in the global assessment of likelihood of confusion, visual, phonetic and conceptual similarity do not actually carry the same weight, and often the balancing of these factors brings results which may be found surprising. Case in point is the recent decision T‑117/ 20, of 10 February 2021, where the General Court (GC) held that despite a high aural similarity among two signs, conceptual and visual differences might neutralize this and preclude confusion. Some aspects of this case are worth further reflection. [...] Now it is interesting to note that, when the GC holds that “the earlier figurative marks are clearly associated with the concept of a black feline” at § 63, this finding is “clearly” predicated upon the visual evaluation, because at least in two EU languages, namely Finnish and Hungarian, PANTHER is, respectively PANTTERI. and PARDUC. Therefore, at least from a phonetical point of view, a good argument can be made that at least on Finnish and Hungarian consumers, the “clear and specific meaning” of PANTHER would be lost and thus the high aural similarity should be considered as carrying enough weight, if coupled with the identity of the goods and in light of the “interdependence principle”, to prevail over the visual differences. Finally, and not to poke (too much) at the somewhat inconsistent application of the GC’s own principles, we cannot but notice that in a quite recent case (here commented “Should different meanings outweigh the similarities of non-distinctive elements?”), the GC had not given much relevance to the conceptual differences, finding confusion based on the visual and aural similarity of the (descriptive components of the) marks in conjunction with the identity between the goods. Judge Bridlegoose, were those …. the little small dice or the large great ones? # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Is_Site-Blocking_Reducing_Piracy_or_Helping_to Disperse_it_Elsewhere?⠀⇛ A report from anti-piracy group Rights Alliance reveals that the volume of Danish visits to pirate sites remained steady in 2020 but the overall number of users of illegal services dropped by almost 18%. Rights Alliance attributes the decrease to several initiatives including site-blocking, but also a tendency for users to consume pirated content on legal platforms such as YouTube and Facebook. # ⚓ Nigerian_‘Scam_Artist’_Used_Apple,_Amazon_and_Tidal to_Cash_in_on_Pirated_Music⠀⇛ An aspiring Nigerian musician named Wisekid copied an album from one of Africa’s biggest artists Wizkid, reportedly passing it off as his own. By uploading the ‘pirated’ album to music services such as Apple Music, Amazon and Tidal, the scammer appears to have earned substantial revenue. # ⚓ Around_the_IP_Blogs⠀⇛ Interest in eSports has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the rise of eSports, we also see new creative tools, and platforms for sharing them. Yet surprisingly, and despite being fundamentally underlain with a copyrighted work, relatively little research has been undertaken into the copyright context of eSports. Kluwer Copyright Blog explores copyright subsistence in eSports from a UK perspective # ⚓ ‘All_he_has_done_is_to_play_the_game’:_eSports players_and_copyright⠀⇛ Interest in eSports (‘electronic sports’ or competitive video gaming) has accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. With many traditional face-to-face sports suspended, eSports have become an attractive viable competitor for self-isolating new and existing fans alike. With no geographic discrimination, an all-digital medium and even ‘anyone allowed to play’ tournament models, eSports is now a nascent industry of considerable commercial value. With the rise of eSports, we also see new creative tools, and platforms for sharing them. Yet surprisingly, and despite being fundamentally underlain with a copyrighted work (a video game), relatively little research has been undertaken into the copyright context of eSports. In an attempt to remedy this, my latest article in JIPLP explores copyright subsistence in eSports from a UK perspective. # ⚓ UK_Court_of_Appeal_will_not_depart_from_EU_on Communication_to_the_Public:_TuneIn_Radio⠀⇛ As previously reported by the IPKat here in 2019 the High Court of England and Wales weighed in on communication to the public, in what the court called ‘a test case’ about infringement of copyright in sound recordings accessed via an online platform that connects users to radio stations around the world. Facts & first instance The claimants – Warner Music and Sony Music – own or hold the exclusive licences to copyright in sound recordings of music, together accounting for more than half the market for digital sales of recorded music in the UK and about 43% globally. The defendant – TuneIn – is a US technology company, that operates an online platform which enables their 75 million monthly active users to access over 100,000 radio stations around the world. TuneIn Radio is available via a website and app, its free for registered and unregistered users, and includes a paid for advert-free version (TuneIn Radio Pro). TuneIn has partnership deals that mean it is pre-installed on a number of devices such as Bose, Sonos and Sony PlayStation [yes, Sony] as well as connected TV and connected cars. [...] TuneIn contended that this reasoning confused the communication to the public right with the reproduction right. LJ Arnold agreed. The starting point is the stream simulcast or webcast by the foreign station. The act of communication is the provision by the Pro app of the link to that stream. That involves precisely the same technical means as the original communication. It makes no difference if the Pro app has the record function enabled. First, this cannot depend on whether the user activates the record function or not. Secondly, the mere potential for the user to record the stream does not affect the provision of the stream in any way. The communication remains the link to the stream. The Claimants contended that, even if there was no new technical means, there was a new public because the rightsholders would not have taken into account the possibility of users recording their repertoire. This argument was not accepted by the Court, as the presence or absence of the record function in the Pro app makes no difference to the public which was taken into account by the rights holders when they authorised the original communication by the category 1 stations: it remains the public in the UK. It is true that the rightholders did not grant a licence which extended to reproduction of sound recordings by users, but the consequence of this is that users who made recordings within the Claimants’ repertoire infringed the Claimants’ rights unless those users could rely upon a relevant exception or limitation. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 3562 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 88 seconds to (re)generate ⟲