𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Sunday, May 16, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Mon 17 May 02:40:34 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmSQttceGFrFU7TmHNANAptaGSCcvan1Eq3QWESem6xe39 QmSZTG3h8A6U3zGFDJ43S48r7L4PQHNWePgtDfg9ttnbbM QmWWQB7dKfFykk9hqcajpXdEzfDGRmtj3BBEk4pp1nMBkN QmQzNpWJQMoFCuyskw5nkucHrWaXPe418yjdFXQCtD7zDD QmZGwB2dwoXTCA8Y8CWe2HqGrE5YtaUwPz4gUmyf4oWnxU QmUMo7d8dgF7XmqoeEHu1xfKy8iTPL8RkLquhWVGyB4HRH Qma8WdxzNkr8wRWABL5YE3twryLeQmmYM1S2TZp8zaGjj4 QmW6jLQ2hv6Ar6tpZ2qZPAdRcM8FyWxbwros9pg8VRRi28 QmeC8jyP7ZWx5xqD2hUk59hxM7v5THa1wiFpeBFivmefoq QmZgMbdiExWxP7c57aLX2a9Ec5vgUmky4974qEhynvmfEp QmbA6BEDcLemCzV7fkGoG9SSgTMvpcDqcLtzr5Uvr3JzGx QmfJWKCSvnWiHsJUAJCjg36Kyfvj1byG19GxA3Eb5x9bWZ Qmd6hgQN6gsko5DWsxdXwkXX5VmBZjqgdwFNSeyRk8iEo8 QmQ18yUNqfXiMeHu1h8nZAKdHmDvLPQs6mLzvyuXvVgrDo Qme2zET7nsqftCZUhomdrJ2TcwdGxMXqHcFY9wq5d5xR6R QmVbFEyoei5EfBno6mfaV8Lg5vnzQcZXDoQmXzwLWXGUbD QmY1nEtvC6N6tNSxkwj8Tw653B51CPx3PDFFgdZ8WdY6uP QmWt3x2H4WRfgnXv4HyfLQiisS4rXUEFpzdGzbh1TRQ4oA Qmew4966U9C7FCWNj1HCAmZKk1jbzmXQndWRmDvMJrTEND QmcFVWPzMD3JnP4diPmMmw19yYB5ErxCrdPuguDUU6hAiL QmbnCShJZXXJukDvCagKTsgnyzFdQuxMqLAVLXGSbRVGT5 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPO.org is a Really Awful Source of Information | Techrights ⦿ The EPO’s War on Justice and Assault on the Law - Part 9: Squeezing Out the Lifeblood of Democracy? | Techrights ⦿ Haar Song | Techrights ⦿ IBM Has Changed a Lot Since 2018, and Not for the Better | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Saturday, May 15, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Luke Smith on Why Free Software Matters and ’Open Source’ is Meaningless | Techrights ⦿ Kyle Wiens, CEO of iFixit: Right to Repair | Techrights ⦿ Combatting Revisionist History (Post From 2015, Years Before IBM Bought Red Hat and Increased Vendor Lock-in) | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Criticising IBM is Racist and Intolerant | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-misinformation/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-vs-democracy/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/haar-song/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/ibm-strategy/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/irc-log-150521/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/luke-smith-on-freesw/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/right-to-repair/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/system-lock-in/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/untouchable-ibm/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/extix-21-5/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 71 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-misinformation/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-misinformation/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ EPO.org_is_a_Really_Awful_Source_of_Information⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 9:30 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-reputation-laundering-pr.webm Summary: The site that bears a .org suffix is actually more like a private corporation lying about itself in order to save face and attract more money — or in other words funds that will be squandered and stolen by corrupt administrators THE propaganda coming out of the EPO is extremely expensive at the moment. As I point out in the video above, we recently saw documents suggesting that over 10 million euros are wasted on all that reputation laundering and media campaigns. It certainly looks as though António_Campinos spends more money than Benoît Battistelli ever did on such nonsense. Is the EPO a patent office or a publicist? What on Earth is going on here? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Perfect argument: patent infringement again; But I have diplomatic immunity!⦈ More importantly, the EPO quickly became a liability and a risk to the EU. It drags down the image of Europe as a whole, not just the EU/EP/EC as institutions. While disguising itself as tolerance and unity, the EPO actively undermines the rule of law and it acts as an agent of corporate occupation against Europeans, and especially against small firms based (and founded) in Europe. Perception management campaigns are extremely expensive and they can be counterproductive. They certainly don’t fool EPO insiders, many of whom are exceptionally reluctant to grant European_software_patents (they tell us about it, but if such applications are disguised as “Hey Hi”, then guidelines compel them to violate the EPC, which was supposed to govern the EPO). “The video goes through some of the latest shallow fluff from epo.org — a site that turned from a shrine of Battistelli into an “Hey Hi” algorithm that generates puff pieces with the name António Campinos thrown here and there.”At the moment there’s not even a proper tribunal at the Office; the Appeals Committee is_flawed, the Boards of Appeal are a bunch of 'roos (especially the higher level ones), and ILO doesn’t seem to give a damn. ILO-AT became a toothless tiger in the face of an above-the-law institution that flaunts diplomatic immunity. The video goes through some of the latest shallow fluff from epo.org — a site that turned from a shrine of Battistelli into an “Hey Hi” algorithm that generates puff pieces with the name António Campinos thrown here and there. █ ⠀⣉⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⡇⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆ ⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⢙⢸⠐⠏⠹⠐⢩⢉⢫⢡⣿⠩⡍⢈⢉⠩⢻⣧⢡⢫⡮⡋⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢶⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠾⠿⡿⢿⣷⠾⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡀⣿⣿⣏⣃⣄⣃⣇⣘⣻⣸⣇⣿⣧⣛⣴⣦⣼⣧⣿⠤⣦⡧⣼⣧⣛⣃⣛⣤⣛⣥⡄⡧⠿⠟⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡇⢻⣿⡏⣭⠛⢽⡟⡟⠏⢹⠨⢉⠋⠍⠇⢽⡇⠏⠝⠰⠰⡆⠆⢈⠰⢨⣀⣃⣂⣘⣘⣄⣃⣧⣽⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡇⢸⣿⡷⠶⣷⠿⠧⠴⢷⡖⡶⠷⢿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢷⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡇⢸⣿⣇⠇⢃⠺⢸⡉⠅⡇⠻⢸⠘⣷⣿⣷⣸⣘⣃⣿⣇⣷⣩⣁⣹⣯⣺⣃⣅⣃⣜⣸⣈⣺⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⢙⢛⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡇⢸⣿⡟⠻⢻⢒⢺⠻⢹⣯⡛⡟⣭⠛⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠾⣶⣶⢾⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡟⡟⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣷⣷⣥⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⢨⠋⡙⡍⣉⠉⣿⡱⣐⡀⢂⣘⣘⣄⣣⣬⣤⣤⣥⣵⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⠻⠿⠿⠿⢟⢟⡟⡛⡻⢹⢩⠉⡅⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⡿⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣬⣥⣥⣬⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣵⣿⢫⡾⢟⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣝⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣛⢧⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢎⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠾⢎⡫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣁⢿⠿⣿⣟⠿⣛⣿⣿⢇⣋⢬⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⡄⠂⡘⠛⠂⢽⣿⣿⡇⠿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣄⠲⢯⣭⣄⣿⣿⡿⠊⠛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡐⠒⠘⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⠟⢛⣉⣉⣙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⡇⢸⣿⠟⣉⣤⣤⣤⣬⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⡟⢡⣶⣿⡿⢿⣿⡷⢆⠹⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠛⠙⠛⠉⠡⠴⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⢸⠃⣾⣿⣿⡛⠿⠿⣋⡆⢹⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣧⢸⠃⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣽⣿⣿⡄⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠇⠀⣿⡇⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣶⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀ ⣿⢸⡆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣿⣧⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣼⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢸⣿⠀⠙⠻⠿⠿⠛⢋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠇⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣇⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⡟⠷⠶⠶⠶⠖⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⡇⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢻⠟⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⢛⠿⢿⡿⣿⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣧⣛⣥⣮⣴⣼⣿⣼⣿⣴⣼⣤⣥⣓⣤⣭⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣶⣶⣭⣭⣍⣛⣛⡻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠋⠋⣹⡍⡏⡋⣿⡍⣽⢛⠉⠝⡍⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣴⣿⣯⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣮⣭⣍⣛⣛⠿⠿⠿⢰ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸ ⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸ ⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣦⣃⢞⠋⡟⢻⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⡷⠩⣹⢛⣿⠷⣾⣦⣿⣇⣅⣿⡋⡿⢛⣿⢯⣽⣶⣿⡇⢸ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⡿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣮⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣷⣶⣤⣏⣈⣾⡟⣩⠟⡟⣿⣷⣷⣯⣇⣄⣾⡘⣽⡇⢸ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡽⠿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣯⣸⣃⡿⢩⡻⢻⡿⢿⣾⣴⣥⣸⣣⢘⡝⢹⡻⠿⣿⡇⢸ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣣⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣬⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣼⣿⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣟⡉⡿⠩⢻⢿⡿⣿⣧⣬⣥⣁⠏⣸⠋⣟⠿⡿⣶⣦⣽⣼⣿⡇⠘ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣆⠐⠏⣉⣰⣿⣿⡿⠊⠛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣧⢸⣿⣿⡟⢁⣾⣿⡿⣽⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣽⣗⣷⣶⣼⣽⣱⣧⡋⠟⢻⢻⢿⢶⣾⣼⣿⣃⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⢸⣿⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣟⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡷⢧⣤⣯⣆⣽⢋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⣿⠏⣡⣶⣿⡿⣿⣶⠌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠈⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣮⣭⣛⣿⠿⣿⣿⣶⢾⣿⣿⣿⠋⣭⣉⣛⠻⠷⣾⣯⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⡆⢻⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣟⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣶⢯⣭⣿⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⡿⠿⠶⠦⣬⣉⡛⠿⢿⣿⣭⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣼⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⣷⣾⣿⣽⣛⡿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⡏⣰⣺⣿⣶⡌⢻⣿⡿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⣿⡄⠻⢿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢃⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢶⣾⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⣭⣛⣻⡷⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⣿⡛⡀⠻⣿⣿⣿⠇⢸⡿⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣟⡿⢿⣿⣽⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣍⣙⠛⠠⣾⣦⣬⠉⠁⣴⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⠇⠀ ⣿⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣯⣿⣟⣻⠶⢯⣽⣟⣻⣿⣿⣶⣤⣍⣁⠺⠷⣿⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⢋⠂⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣒⠤⢬⣉⡛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣭⣽⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣛⡶⢦⣴⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⢃⢢⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣭⣍⣓⡢⠭⣙⡒⠦⢬⣉⣛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣮⣭⣛⣻⠿⢶⣾⣭⣽⣛⡶⢿⣿⡿⢡⢧⢂⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⣭⣔⣒⡬⠍⣓⡒⠤⠍⣙⡛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣮⣭⣿⣿⣿⡾⢠⢟⢎⣾⣿⡇⢰ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 190 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-vs-democracy/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/epo-vs-democracy/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_9:_Squeezing_Out_the Lifeblood_of_Democracy?⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Law, Patents at 6:59 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Previously in this series: * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_1:_Rumours_of_a Kangaroo_Court_at_EPOnia * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_2:_Just_Another Pro_Forma_Rubber-Stamping_Exercise? * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_3:_The_Current Line-up * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_4:_The_President of_the_Boards_of_Appeal * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_5:_Battistelli’s “Swedish_Chef” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_6:_The_Habermasian Who_Warned_About_“Legal_Anarchy” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_7:_Calle’s_Strange Metamorphosis * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_8:_The_Radical Student_“Brotherhood” * You are here ☞ Squeezing Out the Lifeblood of Democracy? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO discourse⦈ Not much sign of a lively Habermasian discourse at the EPO’s Boards of Appeal in Haar these days. Summary: The lack of public discourse at the EPO (where tyrants like Benoît Battistelli and António_Campinos make up the rules and then have them rubber- stamped by kangaroo_courts) helps explain an atrocious policy and moral abyss, which recently led to acceptance of European_software_patents and mass surveillance disguised as “access to justice” EPO sources relate that, in his capacity as the Thane of Haar, Carl Josefsson is extremely reluctant to allow any staff committee or union activities on the Boards of Appeal premises. According to the EPO Staff Regulations, staff have the right to be represented by a local staff committee “where more than fifty staff members are in active employment in a place of employment”. “…Carl Josefsson is extremely reluctant to allow any staff committee or union activities on the Boards of Appeal premises.”At the end of 2020 the Boards of Appeal had a total of 256 staff, comprised of 196 persons working as chairs and members of the Boards and 60 ancillary staff in various management/ administrative support positions. On this basis, EPO staff members in Haar clearly have a statutory right to be represented by a local staff committee. But inside sources report that Josefsson has stubbornly resisted the establishment of such a local committee, despite repeated requests from the EPO’s Central Staff Committee. In addition to this, the once highly active Association of the Members of the Boards of Appeal (AMBA) appears to have become almost completely defunct during Josefsson’s tenure. “…inside sources report that Josefsson has stubbornly resisted the establishment of such a local committee, despite repeated requests from the EPO’s Central Staff Committee.”AMBA was formed in 1999 to protect the interests of the members of the Boards of Appeal. According to its statute, the aims of the association include “monitoring issues of relevance for the judicial function of the members of the Boards of Appeal with a view to safeguarding their independence” and “promoting the members’ self-government as members of a judiciary”. At the bottom of the home page on the Association’s website there is a “Timeline of Independence” which is supposed to show “the most important events in the history of the boards”. This timeline contains a total of 45 entries starting in September_1973 with the “Travaux Préparatoires” for the European Patent Convention (scroll to the bottom of the page). “AMBA was formed in 1999 to protect the interests of the members of the Boards of Appeal.”The timeline ends in December_2016 with “Carl Josefsson appointed President of the EPO’s Boards of Appeal” (scroll to the bottom of the page). It seems that, as far as AMBA is concerned, the appointment of Carl Josefsson in December 2016, is the “End_of_History”. Francis Fukuyama, eat your heart out! The AMBA website hasn’t been updated to register Josefsson’s reappointment in December 2020. The most recent postings on the website are links to: • the 2020 Annual Report of the Boards of Appeal (which was released on 12 April 2021); • the revised Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal (dated July 2019). • a communiqué about the 159th meeting of the Administrative Council held on 27 and 28 March 2019. All of the above relate to information that is already publicly available via the EPO’s official website, here, here and here. (Warning: epo.org links) “The AMBA website hasn’t been updated to register Josefsson’s reappointment in December 2020.”It seems like the AMBA website has been reduced to nothing more than a selective “mirror” of the official EPO website. As a matter of fact there haven’t been any postings originating from AMBA itself since December 2016 when it issued_a_statement [PDF] about a “Resolution Against the Relocation of the Boards of Appeal to Haar” which had been endorsed by the majority of its members. Here it is: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇AMBA_Statement_on_the_Reform_of_the_BoA_page_1⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇AMBA_Statement_on_the_Reform_of_the_BoA_page_2⦈_ It’s well known inside the EPO that, during the Battistelli era, AMBA did its best to keep a low profile. According to reliable sources, the members of its executive committee were afraid that they might end up being targeted by Battistelli’s Investigative Unit and suffer the same fate as SUEPO officials, such as Laurent_Prunier. “According to reliable sources, the members of its executive committee were afraid that they might end up being targeted by Battistelli’s Investigative Unit and suffer the same fate as SUEPO officials, such as Laurent Prunier.”But although AMBA was more or less reduced to operating underground during those days, it still continued to function and it was capable of organising petitions and resolutions to protest against Battistelli’s abuses, even if these were routinely ignored by the Administrative Council. Nowadays, under Josefsson’s regime, AMBA seems to have been completely neutered. Indeed, if appearances are to be believed it has been effectively killed off as a functioning association representing the interests of the members of the Boards of Appeal. “Nowadays, under Josefsson’s regime, AMBA seems to have been completely neutered.”To borrow a phrase from Josefsson’s old buddy, the radical Swedish journalist, Per Wirtén, one might well ask: What happened to the “cascades of debate, quarrel and chatter” that make up “the lifeblood of democracy”? While we are waiting for “Calle” to answer that question, in the next part we will try to figure out what exactly he gets from the “Faustian pact” that he has concluded with the EPO. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣏⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠉⡉⣩⠉⣉⣹⠍⠽⢟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡋⠭⠉⠉⡉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⣽⠏⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉ ⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠟⠁⣠⡶⣚⣫⣭⣼⣦⣶⣴⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢼⢡⡆⢰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⠄⠀⣀⡠⠤⠖ ⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣴⢟⢼⣿⠿⠟⣛⣛⣛⣡⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⢟⣴⣒⣒⣒⡨⠭⠍⠛⠿⠦⡀⠀⢈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠎⠿⠇⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢀⠴⢒⣩⣤⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⣾⢎⣬⠅⣒⣨⠭⣭⣴⣶⣮⣿⣿⠿⠿⣫⣾⡟⠃⠉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⡉⠒⠻⣿⣦⡈⠆⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡾⣟⡓⠸⠀⣉⠽⠛⠛⠋⢻⣿⣿⡼⣿⡇⣭⣿⣿⠏⠃⠀⡔⣡⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣸⡍⠞⠛⠛⡛⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠥⠘⠋⠾⠏⠟⠀⣾⢫⡽⠶⠒⠒⠒⠶⣶⣷⠀⢁⠉⠀⢀⡸⠉⠛⢟⣿⡇⡧⣿⡇⢸⢛⣩⠅⢸⢫⡅⠘⣉⣤⣤⡀⡅⣿⣷⣾⠀⢀⣠⢡⣿⣺⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡂⠉⠀⠀⠀⢠⠴⢖⢛⣭⣭⣤⡀⢢⢰⡆⠒⡒⠒⡒⢒⠃⠀⢿⠈⣴⣿⡿⠻⣷⣄⢪⢻⡄⢀⡤⠖⡋⢀⠀⠀⢠⢘⡇⢉⣩⡁⢘⣸⣿⠀⡟⣿⡏⠉⡏⣶⡖⠂⡇⣿⣟⡇⠀⠀⡌⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⢁⡀⡮⠃⠀⢸⡇⣿⢸⣧⣰⣿⣿⢸⠀⡇⢠⡏⢰⢁⠈⣃⠀⢸⡄⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⡇⡇⡇⢸⠀⣦⡇⠀⠀⠀⠨⠄⡇⣀⡷⠆⠤⠅⠿⠤⠇⠿⣇⣰⢸⣿⡇⠀⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⢃⠟⠛⠤⠤⠤⣀⣈⣉⣉ ⣿⣿⣷⡀⢀⠆⢰⠀⠘⣇⢏⣦⢋⣛⣛⣋⡼⡰⠁⡼⠀⣿⢸⡄⠸⡆⠐⠇⠉⣛⣿⣿⡿⣛⣰⠩⠃⢸⠇⣿⣇⠀⠀⢀⡾⣡⠀⣤⢶⣒⣻⣶⣿⣷⣒⡒⣠⠀⢈⣽⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⠀⠀⠒⠈⠛⠛⢛⣛⣓⣒⡒⣲⠒ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⠰⠂⢸⡇⢀⡙⠈⠉⠐⠒⢒⣂⣉⣠⡾⠃⢠⡿⣾⣧⠀⢳⡀⠒⠢⠤⠤⠤⠤⠖⠒⢒⣒⣚⣁⣿⣿⠀⠀⡾⡰⡟⠀⡏⣴⢭⣭⣍⠉⣉⣡⡴⢋⣴⣾⣫⠀⠀⡇⣿⢟⠀⠐⠪⣙⣿⡶⣿⣿⣿⣓⣫⢔⡩ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢘⠀⠀⣶⢨⣭⣭⣭⣽⠶⣶⣶⡾⠀⣸⢡⣿⣟⡄⡆⠀⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣴⣶⣶⡀⠁⡇⢺⠃⢰⢷⣿⣿⣧⡆⢝⢫⣥⣶⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣰⢋⣿⡏⠀⠀⠜⣲⣤⣾⣷⣶⣶⡶⠖⠉⣠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⡀⢸⡄⠀⠸⣇⢻⣿⣿⣯⠉⠛⠉⠓⠒⠿⠮⠼⠿⠿⠿⠤⠿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣇⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⠀⣸⢼⣿⢿⣿⠿⡟⢀⢈⡏⣾⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠈⠔⠭⠶ ⣟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠄⠰⡇⠀⠀⢹⡌⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⢗⣒⣒⣛⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⣈⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢏⢹⢐⣃⣋⣉⣉⣀⣀⣉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠁⠁⣸⣹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣭⣒⣒⣒⣦⠤⠤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡧⠤⡧⠴⠶⠶⠿⠾⠗⠾⠆⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠲⠿⢤⡎⠼⢀⢀⣀⣀⣠⡭⠭⠭⠍⠉⠭⠽⠦⠤⠴⠧⠿⢿⠿⣟⣀⣀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢰⣴⣦⣤⣤⣠⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⠂⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣂⡆⢀⣲⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠈⣿⣿⣭⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⢦⣠⣤⣤⣤⢤⣶⣴⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⡉⠉⣉⣁⣠⣤⣤⣄⣹⣿⣿⣦⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡏⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠐⡊⠠⠄⠤⠄⠤⠂⠒⠂⠊⠂⠉⠉⠁⠠⠀⠀⡂⠀ ⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣸⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣟⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠤⠀⠀⢀⢀⣁⠀⠀ ⣿⣆⠖⠒⢚⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⢯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠐⠈⠠⠀⠤⠀⠈ ⣿⣿⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⠀⣾⣷⣶⣦⡆⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⣛⣛⣋⣭⣭⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⣏⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠀⠘⡿⠀⢀⣀⣛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠻⠀⠿⠿⠿⠟⠇⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣓⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⣛⣉⣹⣿⡇⠀⡟⠛⠉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀ ⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠶⠖⢲⡦⡄⠐⣀⡤⢤⣤⠴⠒⠒⠚⠋⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠇⡤⠥⡦⢴⠧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴ ⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣄⣀⣘⣓⣚⣞⣳⣚⣂⣘⣾⣛⣡⡤⠶⠖⢛⣿⣿⣿⡖⠒⣶⣶⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⡟⢺⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠻⠛⠛ ⣯⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⡀⠙⣮⠩⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢀⢀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣃⢀⡀⢀⢈⢈⣀⣈⢀⣀⡀⣇⣀⣀⣇⣀⣈⢈⣀⣀⠈⣀⢈⣀⣀⣨⡁⣁⣤⢀⣈⢈⣇⣀⡁⣁⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠛⡏⠉⠟⠙⠛⠛⠏⠉⠛⡏⠙⠙⠋⠛⠙⠙⠛⠙⠛⠋⠉⠛⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠙⠋⠏⠙⠛⠛⠋⠙⠛⠛⠻⠙⣏⠩⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⡛⡻⡛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠞⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠐⠒⠒⠒⢶⠒⠒⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠶⠶⠶⠖⠳⠗⠛⠷⡗⠓⠒⠲⠖⠶⠶⠓⠲⠾⠷⠶⠞⠞⠚⠒⠚⣾⠶⠶⠞⠷⡗⠿⠞⠺⠾⡶⠶⠶⠒⠷⠷⠞⡷⠳⡖⠻⠲⡶⠞⠛⠷⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠶⠶⠶⠷⠆⠴⠶⡶⠧⠥⠬⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠶⠶⢶⣥⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣦⣶⣤⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠋⠙⠙⠉⠛⠋⠋⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠏⠉⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠝⠋⠉⠙⢋⠙⠉⠙⠉⠙⠙⠐⠉⠙⠉⠛⠉⠉⠋⠏⠉⠋⠉⠙⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠓⠛⠃⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡃⠘⠛⠙⠓⠛⠙⠋⠛⠛⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠲⠶⠖⠶⠒⠒⠖⠒⠖⠲⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣴⣶⣴⣶⣤⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 506 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/haar-song/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/haar-song/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Haar_Song⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:36 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Haar's Town Hall⦈ Photo_by_AHert. 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Summary: The conduct of the Office in Munich is ‘overseen’ by a court in “a municipality near Munich,” according_to_Wikipedia (not_inside_Munich, so that in itself is a violation of the EPC) Sir, yes, Sir You whom we adore Abusive to the core Political points to score Courts were set aside Taken for a ride President must abide Lawfulness on the slide Sir, yes, Sir Whom we must not abhor Let’s ignore the gore Rubber-stamping is what we’re for Stockholm syndrome afoot Office continues to loot Resistance is entirely moot Corruption at the root █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶ ⠀⢀⠀⠠⠠⡼⡴⠻⡟⡛⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠨⠦⣿⡤⠀⠁⢃⢠⣨⣰⡁⠷⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠙⠋⠛⢹⠀⡀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠐⠀⠀⠘⠘⠀⠀⠁⢺⠍⠛⠘⠽⠶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠽⠟⢛⣵⣮⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⠄⠀⣄⡄⢷⢔⠀⠀⢀⠀⡄⠀⢀⣴⣴⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣛⣡⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢃⣻⣯⠙⠀⠈⢨⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠚⠓⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⣩⢴⣶⣦⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠁⠉⠀⠀⠂⠈⠁⠞⠻⠛⢛⢛⡛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠈⠋⠑⠛⠛⠒⠛⠓⠒⠛⠓⠚⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠒⠻⠧⠽⠿⠼⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⠉⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⣛⠛⡛⢛⡻⢿⢿⡿⢻⡿⢿⢿ ⡏⢀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⣉⣍⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠸⣤⣿⣿⣿⣷⠶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣉⣉⣈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢺ ⠙⣴⠿⠶⠄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠝⣯⢈⣉⣛⣛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠱⠠⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣦⣾⠁⠀⡏⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢹⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⢻⠛⢛⣾⣿⣿⣿⠛⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⠛⢛⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣀⣲⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢘⠃⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⡶⣾⣿⣿⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣏⣿⣿⣿⣷⠁⣿⣿⣿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠈⠀⠀⢸⠧⠀⠀⠀⠒⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠚⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡯⢽⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣟⠉⠁⠘⠻⣿⣿⡈⠛⣛⣛⣂ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⢀⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣆⣠⣠⣤⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠀⢀⢄⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠲⠶⠾⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⡍⠉⢩⠉⢩⠉⢉⡉⢉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⡏⡟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣄⣀⣄⡃⡁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⢸⠀⢸⣄⢸⣇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⡀⠤⠄⠐⢗⣙⣻⣿⡶⠈⠼⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⠓⢐⣸⣿⠀⠀⠃⠀⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠉⠉⣽⠉⠉⢻⠉⠉⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⡇⠀⢰⠀⠀⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢰⠀⠁⠃⡀⢿⠿⢿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⡀⠀⠈⠘⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡗⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠸⠀⠀⢹⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡤⠬⠀⠀⠀⢇⣠⡆⢺⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠾⠿⠶⢸⢼⡧⠀⠀⠀⠚⠂⠀⢸⠀⠀⠇⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⠒⣿⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠛⡿⠟⢹⡇⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⡖⠚⢿⡷⠹⣿⡿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣸⡇⠠⠤⢠⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠒⠒⣿⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠀⠀⠃⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⢂⣶⣖⣀⣀⣤⣤⠤⠤⠤⠽ ⠁⠉⠛⣿⡇⢿⠇⠀⠠⣸⡀⢠⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⡿⣌⣁⣘⣟⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡄⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠁⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣯⠽⠷⢟⣫⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⡤⢤⣴⣦⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢉⠁⠐⢛⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠛⣛⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 587 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/ibm-strategy/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/ibm-strategy/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IBM_Has_Changed_a_Lot_Since_2018,_and_Not_for_the_Better⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 7:40 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/systemd-ibm.webm Summary: IBM isn’t that much of an ally of GNU/Linux as a community-led or community-centric operating system; IBM is in it all just for IBM and we need to treat IBM accordingly THE acquisition of Red Hat was announced jointly (by Red Hat and IBM) way back in 2018 but wasn’t completed until quite some time later. At first it looked mostly innocuous, as one might expect, but several things happened in recent months — major things. “Last year they sent PR agents to contact me (albeit peripherally), so it’s crystal clear that they watch not only “IBM Layoffs” at TheLayoff.com but also sites like Techrights.”As longtime readers are aware, we were not rushing to criticise the takeover. We assumed good intention (presumption of innocence, good faith), but seeing that IBM’s aggressive patent policy remained_as_bad_as ever (e.g. Xmas extortion) followed by suppression of Fedora, e.g. banishing longtime_volunteers (we suppose because of their critical views regarding some corporations) and pulling of the rug from under(neath) the feet of CentOS users we were quickly losing patience. These attacks culminated in even more vicious attacks on the founder of GNU/Linux — not the first attack of this kind (they then compelled_Fedora_to_do_the_same while muzzling longtime Fedora volunteers). Layoffs and many_resignations did not help, either (or attempted censorship of such information). We’ve lost count of the number of things IBM has done wrong, maybe by intention. Does IBM just hope to eradicate community elements and turn GNU/Linux into another IBM ‘UNIX’? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Judgement: Your honour, they are the most racist company on this planet. They do apartheid, eugenics and genocide. CoC violation! Can't state facts anymore⦈ Sometimes it certainly feels like IBM wants vendor lock-in (something to latch onto, along with openwashing) rather than sharing and software freedom, i.e. control for users over the systems they use. The video above moreover mentions the whole corporate_trolling angle. There are many, many things to be criticised about how IBM communicates with GNU/Linux developers, sometimes even with its very own staff, and how IBM manipulates the media (usually by shaming the community and reinforcing a stigma, much like in IBM’s notorious days of FUD). Noted in the video (and shown) are two posts from this morning [1, 2]. It is neither comprehensive nor complete, but given the path IBM has chosen to follow it’s very likely to be a subject we’ll revisit and examine more closely over time. IBM has a lot more influence over GNU/Linux than Microsoft ever had. This is the same IBM that lobbies the EPO for European_software_patents — the very opposite of what Red Hat did in Europe 16 years ago. Although we lack concrete and direct evidence, there has been lots_of suspicious_trolling_here_recently (discussions about IBM layoffs) and we can’t help wondering if IBM’s PR agents are playing a role in that (to provoke and discourage posting, reading, participation). It would not be the first time IBM does such things; IBM and Microsoft treat and game the media quite similarly (they're_more_closely_connected_than_many_were_led_to_believe), and have done so for decades. Last year they sent PR agents to contact me (albeit peripherally; they had done it a decade earlier as well, even directly), so it’s crystal clear that they watch not only “IBM Layoffs” at TheLayoff.com but also sites like Techrights. In fact, last night one IBM employee said something very unflattering about us in Twitter. They really don’t want people to read the site and when Techrights is in the front page of Hacker News lots of IBM employees (sometimes with explicit disclosure) gang up to bury perfectly factual stories. They just try to control the narrative. █ “In May of 1990, the DoJ gave the green light, freeing the FTC to open their probe. With no shortage of help from Microsoft’s competitors, the FTC collected mounds of evidence showing that Microsoft and IBM had been in cahoots from the beginning.” –Barbarians Led by Bill Gates, a book composed by the daughter of Microsoft’s PR mogul ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣇⣟⠝⠿⠿⠸⠟⡿⣿⢾⢾⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⠹⣿⣹⠃⣷⣶⡶⢰⢲⣯⠋⣯⣭⡥⡤⡤⢪⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠯⣭⣭⣭⣄⡔⣶⣞⢚⣉⣑⢉⣉⣩⢧⠧⠿⠛⠛⠚⠘⢺⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠤⢴⣶⣇⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣭⣭⣭⣼⣽⣽⣬⣜⣛⣃⣸⣘⣻⠽⡸⡳⠼⢿⣷⡏⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠟⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⣧⣼⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⢾⣿⣿⣄⣠⣤⣽⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⢷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣎⣷⣟⢿⣿⣶⢞⣸⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⠎⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣏⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣪⣲⣾⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠶⠆⢾⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣷⣄⣀⣠⡄⣡⣿⡷⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣛⣋⣁⢉⣧⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⠇⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠍⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⣇⠰⠖⠒⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⣿⣽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠘⠫⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠻⠿⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠻⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣛⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⣿⣫⣥⣿⣿⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢒⣒⣒⣶⣾⣿⣭⣭⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣴⣤⣤⣾⣷⣤⣾⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡕⣶⢲⣆⣶⣶⡂⣦⡖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣋⢉⣉⣥⣿⣿⣋⢉⣥⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠸⡏⡿⣿⡅⢸⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣯⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣭⡟⡭⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⢷⡄⠰⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣙⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠿⢇⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠮⠭⠷⠭⠵⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⢸⣯⡇⡿⡇⣿⣿⠉⡏⢸⣿⡇⣯⣽⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡸⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⢀⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⢏⣶⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣹⣿⣇⣶⣏⣷⣿⣻⣀⣇⣸⣻⣇⣷⣾⣇⣿⣟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⣀⣤⣦⢹⣯⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⡿⣡⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡿⢹⢹⣯⡗⡏⣿⠏⣯⣿⢹⢩⡶⡏⣷⠮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣆⠻⣿⣾⣝⣻⢿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣷⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣏⢸⣸⠿⣇⡆⣿⡁⡟⣿⢸⢸⣇⡆⣍⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠻⢿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢿⠟⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⢖⣒⢖⡒⡒⣒⣲⢶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⣑⣹⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣼⠀⠀⠀⢤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣻⢸⣷⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠁⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⡿⠿⡿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣝⣛⣿⣣⣛⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠠⠽⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⢱⡿⠆⣖⢲⣆⡆⣾⣷⢱⣿⡆⡆⣶⢲⢰⣖⢽⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢇⣀⣠⣴⠾⠈⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠿⠟⠘⠙⠛⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡸⡿⠇⠯⠼⠿⠇⢿⡿⠸⣷⠆⠇⠿⠼⠸⠯⢻⣿⡿⠛⠓⠒⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣠⡆⣀⣠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣭⣵⣾⣿⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠦⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠴⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⡤⣒⢖⡲⣒⢦⣤⣽⣟⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⡫⠭⠥⠶⠶⠶⠶⠤⠤⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠯⠹⠇⠯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠀⣿⡟⣵⣾⣿⡸⠽⠾⢏⢇⡽⠸⠿⠸⠿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀ ⢻⣿⣿⢹⡯⣯⣯⡏⣿⢹⢻⢹⡏⣽⢹⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠛⠃⢿⣿⢶⣷⡒⣶⡎⣷⣶⠲⣦⣶⣶⡎⡞⡿⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠛⠾⢧⣯⣯⣷⣯⣼⣼⣼⣧⣽⡴⣿⣻⣵⣿⣿⢩⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⡂⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠒⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠓⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⣿⡿⠟⠛⣻⡗⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣶⣽⣿⣶⣿⡷⡁⠠⠍⣿⣿⣄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡿⣧⣛⣿⠿⢿⡇⣿⢱⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠉⠉⠑⢶⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣴⡿⣫⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢛⡛⠛⢥⣴⡾⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡖⣚⣭⣴⡶⡍⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠆⠀⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⡀⣻⣷⣦⣼⣿⣿⣾⣿⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠌⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⢛⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣋⣭⣥⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠨⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡺⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣫⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 736 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/irc-log-150521/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/irc-log-150521/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Saturday,_May_15,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:26 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmQzCcSYwTmy3vaQHBuCvYitLYeg8vKKCrij2uLB2AXaAS #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmTckCsUGrGR8sjgm3AoYgyYdJHNoWsCYZNm8FT9j9Kker (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmSFPZxie8uv1fJL2WKVPjXQ1e72ppBWnTbwJRnuHRzAPx social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmQW3W4j1r3XfawHSDBBfTubvu5tTbirKhBmXzRBzvAAxj social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmWQ2sLM8svGQZBieFrGbEsEuxvfSei6uvMatVHGoNaNW2 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmXi6NeBzftpP2MVA8LcnKcVkgiSKo5kNQudsDDmAiHG7D (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmQcgDEva8LE2NXP5ufxWdGHMGwSWcZ7JEcVXYsdHHC9u7 #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmY8LnFTTyiwPcPj6AQNSqCdJiSB7FfYhghWs4sgRAKW9i (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmbnCShJZXXJukDvCagKTsgnyzFdQuxMqLAVLXGSbRVGT5 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 850 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/luke-smith-on-freesw/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/luke-smith-on-freesw/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Luke_Smith_on_Why_Free_Software_Matters_and_‘Open_Source’_is_Meaningless⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software at 3:43 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: A video just_released by a popular YouTube channel ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 870 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/right-to-repair/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/right-to-repair/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Kyle_Wiens,_CEO_of_iFixit:_Right_to_Repair⠀✐ Posted in Videos at 4:22 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/2477/jupiter- saturday-1350.webm Summary: Uploaded earlier this month was this talk and accompanying_slides; summary below Kyle Wiens is the CEO of iFixit, the free repair manual. The right to repair physical items and the right to use and alter software as you see fit are closely related, especially since so many everyday items now integrate software, often in ways that detract from rather than enhancing your experience in using the product. Along these lines, Kyle and iFixit have fought for the right to unlock cell phones, repair tractors, and alter other items, in both courtrooms and workshops. Kyle’s talk explains why the right to repair is so crucial, the legislative efforts to defend and expand this right, and the latest news from the right to repair movement, including the battle against the DMCA, which bans breaking encryption on hardware that you rightfully own. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 914 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/system-lock-in/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/system-lock-in/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Combatting_Revisionist_History_(Post_From_2015,_Years_Before_IBM_Bought_Red Hat_and_Increased_Vendor_Lock-in)⠀✐ Posted in Debian, GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 5:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz A day ago (Debian_Developer_from_Japan): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Debian_Developer_from_Japan_on_systemd⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Keanu Approves/Disapproves IBM: They tell us they combat racism; But more people find out it's a PR stunt⦈ Smokescreen that serves to distract from the very_racist_nature of IBM and its founder Summary: Today we republish this_forum_post_from_more_than_6_years_ago; in light of what IBM did to CentOS and its vicious attack on the founder of the GNU/Linux operating system we must understand the systemd agenda, which the FSF can more openly speak about now that there are no financial strings I‘m something of a historian, I can’t help but be troubled by the revisionist history I see unfolding in the aftermath of the recent controversy over systemd. So, from the “you are entitled to your own opinion, but not your own facts” department, as a kind of parting gift to this community, I’d like to do what I can to marshal what I perceive to be the pertinent facts into a single bucket. Disclaimer: For the benefit of those who may stumble on this post without any knowledge of my feelings on the matter, it’s safe to call me the original systemd hater. In fact, it was my own headlong flight from systemd that originally led me to Debian in the first place. (And depending on your POV, that may constitute Yet Another Reason to hate systemd.) I make no claim nor pretense to "balance" or "fairness" regarding systemd any more than I would for, say, arsenic poisoning. My aim is to challenge and hopefully dispel certain memes that I see emerging from the systemd aftermath. With that out of the way… Systemd is not an init system If someone characterizes systemd as an “init system,” you may safely assume that s/he is either utterly clueless or deliberately obfuscating the discussion. Calling systemd an init system is like calling an automobile a cup holder. Not even Lennart Poettering pretends that systemd is anything but the “Core OS” (sic). What systemd is is an effort to re-create large portions of existing userspace (including login, job scheduling, and networking, just to name a few) inside a single process traditionally reserved for the sole purpose of starting *nix userspace. (Just in case it isn’t clear, there is a huge difference between starting userspace (init) and being userspace (systemd).) At the end of the day, how one perceives this re-creation of existing userspace strongly influences one’s reaction to systemd. There are plenty of perfectly legitimate reasons to be troubled by this re-invention of the wheel; they range from the philosophical and aesthetic, to the technical and mechanical, even the purely political and brutally practical. And that’s part of the problem when folks start to “debate” systemd. Very few folks have the chops to think about, much less talk about all of these areas simultaneously. As a result, the discussion becomes fractured and disjointed, in what is literally the textbook definition of bikeshedding. Suddenly, a talking head who’s never written a line of code in his/her life offers up an authoritative-sounding-but-utterly-bogus opinion on systemd’s maintainability. Add in the fact that folks on both sides (including Poettering himself) act as if name-calling is a perfectly good substitute for empirical evidence, and the “debate” becomes indistinguishable from white noise. Speaking of noise… There was never a systemd debate Debian came late to the systemd party. Systemd has been controversial since its inception in 2010. During the intervening four years, people have fled and even forked distros over systemd. By the time Debian’s GR rolled around, anyone and everyone who was going to have a strong opinion about systemd already had it. Nobody was going to change their minds, thus there was no true “debate.” We humans love to imagine that we are rational creatures, driven by logic and reason, capable of making reasoned, optimal decisions. Which is great except what we really are is short-sighted, pig-headed, and stupid. Psychology has a boatload of experiments that demonstrate that once you get to the choose-up- sides stage, then argument becomes dramatically less effective. (Google “confirmation bias” and “backfire effect” to learn more.) The GR was not a mandate for systemd I have no idea where systemd fanbois get the idea that a victory lap is appropriate. The results of the GR vote were diluted and obfuscated by two non-resolution outcomes. Of the three technologically-relevant resolutions to the GR, one was unequivocally pro-systemd, the other two were contra-systemd, differing primarily in phrasing (essentially the difference between “must not” and “should not”). (Aside: I confess to being a “must not” guy at heart, but I grudgingly admit that those who suggest that an absolute prohibition might prove unnecessarily inflexible or self-limiting might have a valid point. Maybe. But I don’t have to like doing it.) But here’s the thing, and there is just no getting around it. Once you eliminate the ass-covering "no GR required" amendment, “systemd is a bad idea, the only real question is how bad” didn’t place third. It placed first. By a substantial margin. Conversely, “systemd is a good idea” didn’t place first. It placed last. If this surprises you, even a little, then by all means, go look it up. And for the love of whatever you hold Sacred, refrain from uttering a single word of GR-related drivel until you do. (Edit: My exhortation above to refrain from drivel absent sufficient research was predictably futile. So, for the benefit of those who are unable or unwilling to do the math themselves, a pre-digested version of the analysis can be found here: viewtopic.php?f=20&t=120652&p=576562#p576502) Speaking of the GR… The GR was too necessary As noted above, the only reason “systemd is a bad idea” wasn’t the outcome of the GR vote is because of the “political cover” amendment that allowed “This conversation is superfluous” to pretend to be the correct answer (which it absolutely isn’t). In a dichotomous, up-or-down, yes-or-no vote (aka Option1 -vs- Option3), the Debian dev community is split 60/40 (or 40/60, depending on one’s POV) on the issue of systemd. When a large plurality of your engineering team tells you that you’re doing something fundamentally wrong, dismissing their concerns with “we don’t need no steenkin’ conversation” bespeaks a complacency bordering on negligence, all the moreso when when your actions have very, very large consequences. (Google “Challenger disaster” for more information.) Which leads me to… Debian isn’t other distros Every time I see someone spout some variation of the bandwagon_fallacy, or refer to Arch as a “major” distro, I have an urge to do harm. News flash: There is exactly one Debian, and nothing–nothing–compares to it. NASA doesn’t run Arch. Amazon and Google don’t rely on Mageia. In terms of sheer impact on both the larger LinuxSphere and the global economy, there are exactly two “major” distros: Debian and RedHat. (SUSE is a very distant third, and everything else is just noise.) A change in Debian affects mission-critical and life-critical software across the globe, touches literally tens of thousands of organizations, and ripples through a hundred derivatives and spinoffs. So no, it doesn’t matter, not even a little, whether your desktop machine boots a few seconds faster or “seems to work ok” under systemd. The cost of downtime on a hobbyist machine is all-but-unmeasurable, whereas the cost of downtime on a scientific supercomputer is somewhere between large and catastrophic. Speaking of costs… Change costs, and big change costs big There’s a reason why sysadmins in large organizations are routinely among systemd’s biggest detractors. Downtime is expensive in terms of both time and money. So is re-training. So is rewriting gigabytes of artificially-obsoleted documentation. Add them all up, factor in the associated opportunity costs, multiply by a planet’s worth of installs, and before you know it, the cost to the global economy associated with systemd deployment reaches into the billions (or thousands of millions, if you prefer) of dollars/euros. And for what exactly? Even if systemd were a demonstrably superior technology (which it isn’t), adequately spec’ed (which it isn’t) elegantly designed (which it isn’t), well- coded (which it isn’t), properly documented (which it isn’t),or developed by a responsive and responsible community with a history of delivering robust and reliable software (*cough*pulseaudio*cough*), systemd would still be at best problematic, for one simple reason: it’s insanely expensive to implement, particularly given the fact that it doesn’t solve any actual problem. Insofar as I’m aware, no one has ever articulated a value proposition for systemd that addresses its implementation costs, or comes remotely close to calculating a payback period. More to the point, no one has successfully articulated any value proposition for systemd that goes beyond “it’s better” or “it’s more modern.” Global warming, antibiotic resistant bacteria, oilspills, and nuclear accidents are all “modern,” but that doesn’t make them good. And “better” is a meaningless term until and unless one specifies a metric or quantitative criteria that can be used to measure “better” in a systematic and reliable way. Otherwise, “new and improved!” is just marketing hype. At the end of the day, the crux of the systemd question comes down to a matter of how much Unix one wants in one’s Linux. Casual users and hobbyists probably won’t care. Professionals will care deeply and passionately. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣿⡇⡆⠀⠰⠠⠀⣿⣻⣻⣻⣯⣿⣿⣽⣏⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣯⣽⣯⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣹⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣽⣏⣿⢹⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣚⣟⣿⣋⣿⣯⣯⣿⣺⣾⣇⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣸⣬⣿⣿⣺⣏⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣇⣿⣽⣧⣇⣿⣯⣿⣽⣸⣇⣇⣿⣹⣧⣿⣿⣾⣗⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡏⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢻⣿⣿⢻⣟⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⣿⡏⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⡟⣿⢻⡟⣿⢻⡟⣿⢻⡿⣿⣿⠻⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣏⣿⣹⣷⣏⣿⣿⣿⣏⣏⣿⣹⣿⣇⣗⣯⣧⣗⣿⣇⣿⣿⣇⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣯⣯⣿⣽⣻⣻⣿⣷⣯⣿⣉⣏⣿⣸⣿⣏⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣟⣟⣏⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣧⣿⣼⣯⣿⣾⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣽⣼⣷⣽⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣮⣯⣿⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣼⣧⣿⣼⣧⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣯⣿⣼⣧⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣧⣿⣮⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢻⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⡿⡿⢿⢹⡏⡿⢿⡟⣿⣿⢻⢿⢿⡟⣿⢿⡟⡟⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣻⣿⡿⢿⢻⡟⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢿⡏⣿⢿⣛⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣻⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢯⣿⡏⡯⣽⣿⣿⡯⡏⣿⣻⣏⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢙⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⡏⣿⢽⣯⣿⣽⣻⢿⢻⡏⣟⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣻⢟⣿⣿⣻⣿⡏⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣾⣬⣿⣷⣾⣯⣿⣿⣼⣿⣽⣸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣼⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣼⣽⣿⣼⣼⣟⣿⣿⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣽⣮⣷⣿⣼⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢻⡟⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢻⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢻⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⣿⢻⣿⡿⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣟⣿⢹⡽⡍⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⢻⡯⣿⣟⡇⣿⣻⣏⡇⡿⢹⣻⣿⢹⢿⣿⣿⢽⠽⣿⢹⢸⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⢹⢿⡟⢻⢹⢛⣟⣿⢹⣿⣷⡿⣿⣿⣹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣽⣧⣿⣽⣿⣽⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣿⣼⣧⣿⣼⣿⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣧⣧⣼⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠘⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⠔⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⢮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡭⠔⢺⣿⣿⣧⣶⣾⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡉⠉⣉⠉⠛⠿⡿⠛⠻⠛⣿⠛⣿⡏⠉⠛⠋⠛⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠈⢠⣿⣇⠀⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣦⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣟⣀⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⢀⡜⣿⠟⠛⠛⢻⡟⠁⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⡰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠟⠻⣿⡿⠉⠃⠘⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠻⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⠀⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠀⠠⠀⠀⢻⣿⠀⠇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠄⢰⡀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢤⡀⣄⢤⠀⡄⢠⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡌⠝⠗⡀⠀⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣶⣦⣴⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣁⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢭⡿⠽⠇⠇⠸⠀⠧⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠛⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⢲⣦⣀⠈⠉⠙⠀ ⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠉⠛⠿⡿⠛⠻⠋⠹⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠋⠙⠃⠛⠉⠉⡋⢉⠉⡉⠙⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀ ⢸⡇⢠⣤⠁⢰⠀⠁⢰⠀⢤⠀⠀⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡇⢸⡃⠠⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠐⠀⠀⡀⢸⡀⣿⢀⡇⢸⣯⣏⣯⣿⣿⣿⢰⡖⢶⢰⡖⣰⠒⣆⢶⢰⢢⣖⣮⢽⣒⣂⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⣿⣿⠉⠀ ⢸⣧⣄⣠⣦⣤⣤⣦⣼⣦⣾⣤⣦⣤⣴⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡗⠋⠘⠀⠘⠒⠃⠈⠋⠈⠓⠋⠙⠚⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣾⢹⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣼⡏⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠉⠈⠈⠈⠁⠉⠭⠬⠭⠥⠥⠍⠬⠥⠭⠭⠬⠭⠤⠄⠀⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣭⣭⠀⠀⠀⢈⣭⣭⣤⣤⣬⣭⠉⠀⠀⣭⣭⣭⣭⢀⣭⣭⣭⣭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠰⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠄⠀⠀⠶⠶⠀⠶⠶⠶⠀⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠀⠀⠀⠆⣾⡿⢗⣂⠀⠀⢀⣴⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣛⣛⣀⡀⣀⣘⣛⣛⣀⣀⣘⣛⣛⢀⣀⣛⣛⠀⢘⣛⡋⠀⣛⣛⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠅⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢀⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢬⣭⣭⣭⣭⡅⢬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠍⠁⢨⣭⣭⣭⠀⠀⠭⠀⠀⣭⣭⣭⡅⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⣶⢰⣆⣶⣲⡆⡆⣶⣖⣶⣶⡂⣶⣶⣶⢲⡒⡖⡦⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠁⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⣛⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⠇⢹⠉⠁⢨⣿⡏⢉⠉⡉⠙⠋⡉⠛⠋⠙⠛⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣯⠍⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⢁⣀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣉⣠⣄⣈⣀⣄⣘⣿⣇⣸⣀⣇⢀⡀⠋⢀⠀⣇⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣶⣦⢠⢈⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠴⠖⢀⡀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣾⣆⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⠀⡆⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⣤⠈⠀⣤⠈⠀⠉⠀⠈⣿⣯⠀⠀⠉⢉⡉⠛⢉⠁⢸⣿⠛⢉⠛⠛⣿⠛⠋⢹⡇⠀⢠⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠟⣿⣆⠀⠙⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣇⢀⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣤⣁⣤⠀⣁⣤⣀⣄⣀⣠⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣸⡇⣀⠘⠁⣸⣿⡀⠛⢀⡀⠛⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⠞⣇⢰⡯⠷⣸⢽⡆⡟⢹⣶⡿⢾⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⠩⠛⠟⢻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⠟⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⡇⠀⠈⠀⠈⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠁⠁⣨⠁⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⣶⣆⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠘⠃⢀⠀⠐⠂⢨⣿⡏⠉⢉⠁⠈⠙⡟⠙⠉⡉⠛⠉⣻⣿⡇⠀⢰⠒⢦⣐⡂⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣃⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣷⣴⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣿⣷⣄⣤⣨⣿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣀⣿⣄⣹⣿⣏⠀⢀⡀⢀⠀⠃⢀⢀⡇⢀⠀⢿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣤⡼⠹⡇⢝⣲⢰⣖⣇⣿⣠⠇⣿⣠⠇⡿⠘⣇⡼⠊⢷⠇⢿⣺⠯⣟⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1244 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/16/untouchable-ibm/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/16/untouchable-ibm/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ [Meme]_Criticising_IBM_is_Racist_and_Intolerant⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, IBM, Red_Hat at 5:21 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Microsoft’s tactics (like calling critics and sceptics “haters”) are shared with IBM, the original “FUD” company 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇systemd is just an init system; But... Don't you judge me!⦈ IBM: we champion activism against racism (even if we’re the worst culprit in tech history) Summary: Systemd is becoming untouchable and its critics are framed as “toxic” or “trolls”, no matter the facts and irrespective of the technical substance of their complaints ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⢈⣝⢁⣯⣀⡈⡀⣀⢻⣇⣈⣉⣈⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠛⠻⠛⢻⡟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⣿⡟⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠳⠶⠮⡴⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣴⣉⡉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⢋⣉⡉⢻⣏⠉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣤⣧⣔⣰⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣯⣤⣿⣿⣤⣭⣥⣾⣧⣤⣬⣥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠵⠶⢿⠽⠤⠿⢴⡼⠵⢾⣧⣾⠴⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠙⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠙⣿⣦⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠙⢻⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣦⣀⡀⠀⠿⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⡿⠃⠀⣼⣷⣤⣤⣶⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠐⣦⣄⣴⡆⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⣶⣦⣴⡆⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣯⣭⣭⣥⣼⠿⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠀⠀⡀⡠⠀⠀⢠⠀⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠻⠻⠻⠿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⠙⠿⠿⠿⠏⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⣠⣀⣰⣃⣿⡄⡄⢂⠘⢠⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠶⠰⡇⠸⠀⡇⠸⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠉⠉⢋⠉⠛⠻⠛⠛⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⢋⣼⡿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣌⣄⣄⣀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⡄⡀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡟⢀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠉⢨⡏⠉⠉⠻⠉⢋⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣤⣤⣬⣧⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⠟⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣟⣦⠀⠀⠐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣻⣥⡒⢂⠁⠠⠐⢄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣯⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡠⠒⠈⢻⣿⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⣀⣀⡀⠀⡀⢸⠋⠉⢉⣿⣿⡀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣤⡄⠖⠀⠐⡐⢸⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣁⣻⣟⣛⣃⣀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣤⣖⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⢻⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣠⣴⣧⣿⣄⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠍⠀⢉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣭⣉⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣛⣛⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠠⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1307 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_16/5/2021:_ExTiX_21.5,_Drumstick_Multiplatform_MIDI_File_Player Refresh⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 10:59 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_in_Linux_151:_FragAttacks_WiFi_Flaws,_System76 Keyboard,_Framework_Modular_Laptop⠀⇛ On this episode of This Week in Linux, we’ve got a lot of great news to get to. We’ll first check out some Hardware News as Pre-Orders are now available for the Framework Modular Laptop and System76’s new Keyboard. KDE announced the Beta release for Plasma 5.22 and I personally have given it a test run already and can easily say I am very excited about this release. Then we’ll jump to the Linux Mobile market to check out the latest release for Ubuntu Touch with OTA-17 and we’ve got some updates for the JingPad A1 Linux tablet. Later in the show, we’ve got an update for the Audacity Telemetry topic we discussed last week and we’ll check out some Wi-Fi Security Flaws that were revealed this week. All that and much more on Your Weekly Source for Linux GNews! # ⚓ Nitrux_Demands_Public_Apology_From_DistroWatch⠀⇛ I recently made a video about Nitrux, a Debian- based Linux distribution that does some rather unique things. Well, in that video I mistakenly said Nitrux was based on both Debian and Ubuntu, because that is what DistroWatch claims. People in the video comments corrected me on this though. As it turns out, Nitrux and DistroWatch have been arguing about this for some time. # ⚓ GNU_World_Order_407⠀⇛ You don’t have to be a “technical person” to use Linux. # ⚓ Audacity’s_new_plan._(They_listened)⠀⇛ Tantacrul just explained exactly what happened and how they plan to address the community’s concerns # ⚓ Linux_Action_News_189⠀⇛ Our reaction to System76′s Launch keyboard, Google’s new Fuchsia contributor that’s a big name, and the repairable Linux Laptop with a few new tricks. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Drumstick_Multiplatform_MIDI_File_Player,_Released_and Reloaded⠀⇛ The KDE 4 desktop was starting to become mature and stable at the time, so I’ve decided to scratch my itch rewriting the old and abandoned KMid application, adding my favorite features from vanBasco. This was already told on this blog a few times. KMid2 was a total rewrite almost from scratch, with the additional goal to make it multiplatform. Indeed, it was possible to build and run it on Linux, macOS and Windows, but there wasn’t an easy way to deploy KDE programs on macOS and Windows at the time, so the only viable target was Linux. On the other hand, because the chosen architecture, it was difficult to maintain and port the program to other platforms. Then, several Linux distributions boycotted this application, with the total indifference of the KDE community. Good riddance. Fast forward to the roaring twenties. Nothing changed for Linux. The vanBasco player is still the king in the Windows world. In spite of most Windows 10 users running a 64 bit Operating System, vanBasco is rotting its 32 bits. The only alternative fulfilling the four mentioned features is Falcosoft MIDI player. I don’t know about native macOS alternatives, either. Of course there are players for macOS, and WinAmp for Windows, and even VLC plays MIDI files, but that is not what I’m talking about… I prefer to avoid hard use cases. Someone asked me once about my VMPK program: how it would be classified? Is it a Game? No, it is not a game, it is a toy! A game has a set of rules that the player must follow to reach the final goal: to win the game. On the other hand, a toy has no written rules. The player can explore, learn, and have fun on its own. No winners, no losers. Sometimes a good game may be repurposed by the users, like Wolfenstein 3D, but it is uncommon. It is in the definition of free software: the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose. Anyway, here is an usage example for this program: there is a choir, with a conductor or composer that arranges or edits pieces using some MIDI software like Rosegarden, MuseScore, Frescobaldi, or similar. He prints the scores (or exports PDF files for electronic distribution) for the singers. He also exports the pieces as MIDI files, that can be loaded by dmidiplayer, and used by the singers to learn and practice the lyrics and music of each voice. The examples in dmidiplayer include some choral music, edited in Rosegarden and directly exported as MIDI files. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Junichi_Uekawa:_Memo_on_using_a_KVM_switch_with_my_Debian desktop_and_ChromeBox.⠀⇛ Memo on using a KVM switch with my Debian desktop and ChromeBox. KVM these days mean Kernel virtualization things but before it used to mean KVM switch; where PS/2 and DSUB15 pin was a popular interface. These days it’s USB + HDMI; USB-C with dP alt mode would make connections simpler including power supply, but that doesn’t exist as much. This ends up 3 cables each for PC and display, with 2 USB cables and 1 HDMI cable per endpoint. I bought a cheap manual switcher. # ⚓ How_To_Extract_Icons_from_Ubuntu⠀⇛ You may want to make use of icons or symbols which are bundled with Ubuntu but do not know how to get them. There are so many of them, for example, Firefox logo, even hardware symbols you can include in your designs or articles like you might saw often in Ubuntu Buzz. Then, this is where and how to extract them. # ⚓ What_To_Do_If_your_Passwords_are_Compromised?⠀⇛ How if somebody tells you with proof he found out your passwords? You should immediately change your passwords with better ones then. Below I share with you my experience and several examples & suggestions you can do. [...] For example, to create a password that is strong, we can press Password Generator button in KeePassXC and try to make our own password and program will automatically measure how secure your password is. Alternatively, simply believe password generator creating a new password and use it. # ⚓ Installing_the_DNS_server_on_Ubuntu_–_Linux_Concept⠀⇛ DNS, also known as name server, is a service on the Internet that provides mapping between IP addresses and domain names and vice versa. DNS maintains a database of names and related IP addresses. When an application queries with a domain name, DNS responds with a mapped IP address. Applications can also ask for a domain name by providing an IP address. DNS is quite a big topic, and an entire chapter can be written just on the DNS setup. This recipe assumes some basic understanding of the working of the DNS protocol. We will cover the installation of BIND, installation of DNS server application, configuration of BIND as a caching DNS, and setup of Primary Master and Secondary Master. We will also cover some best practices to secure your DNS server. # ⚓ 3_Linux_ps_command_tips/tricks_for_advanced_users⠀⇛ The ps command in Linux, as you might already know, is one of the most frequently used command-line tools. For the uninitiated, the utility basically reports a snapshot of the current processes on the system. The ps command provides a plethora of options, and as you might agree, it’s not possible to know about or practice each and every feature that it offers. So, in this article, we will quickly discuss three ps-related tips/tricks that advanced users may find useful. Before we move ahead, it’s worth mentioning that all the commands and instructions present in this tutorial have been tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. # ⚓ Install_and_configure_squid_proxy_server_on_Ubuntu_–_Linux Concept⠀⇛ In this article, we will install and configure the squid proxy and caching server. The term proxy is generally combined with two different terms: one is forward proxy and the other is reverse proxy. When we say proxy, it generally refers to forward proxy. A forward proxy acts as a gateway between a client’s browser and the Internet, requesting the content on behalf of the client. This protects intranet clients by exposing the proxy as the only requester. A proxy can also be used as a filtering agent, imposing organizational policies. As all Internet requests go through the proxy server, the proxy can cache the response and return cached content when a similar request is found, thus saving bandwidth and time. A reverse proxy is the exact opposite of a forward proxy. It protects internal servers from the outside world. A reverse proxy accepts requests from external clients and routes them to servers behind the proxy. External clients can see a single entity serving requests, but internally, it can be multiple servers working behind the proxy and sharing the load. In this article, we will discuss how to install a squid server. Squid is a well-known application in the forward proxy world and works well as a caching proxy. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and other popular network protocols. # ⚓ How_to_find_ID_of_the_display_connected_to_your_Linux system⠀⇛ Mostly, we have only a single display connected to computer systems. However, you can have multiple displays connected to a system. While working with more than one display, sometimes you might find yourself in a situation where-in you need to perform a display-specific task. For example, taking a screenshot. In these scenarios, you need to know the ID of the display you want to perform the action on. In this tutorial, we will learn how you can find the ID corresponding to a particular display. Please note that all the commands and instructions mentioned in this article have been tested on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Mahara_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Mahara on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Mahara is a free and open-source electronic portfolio management system written in PHP. Mahara is designed to provide users with the tools to create a personal and professional learning and development environment. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Mahara on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_To_Update_Samsung_SSD_Firmware_on_Linux_–_nixCraft⠀⇛ Typically, we apply firmware updates to fix a security issue and enhance SATA/PCIe/NVMe solid- state (SSD) drive performance. Failing to install available updates may lead to vulnerable SSD. This quick guide explains how to update Samsung SSD firmware on Linux without using Windows operating system. Linux comes with firmware update manager client utility called fwupdmgr. It makes updating firmware on Linux automatic, safe and reliable. The same command can update Samsung SSD. The fwupd service runs on Linux and BSD, which is part of LVFS. It allows firmware to update device firmware on the local machine. GNOME maintainer Richard Hughes develops it. LVFS is an acronym for The Linux Vendor Firmware Service, a secure portal for hardware vendors to upload firmware updates. # ⚓ Install_and_configure_NTP_on_Ubuntu_–_Linux_Concept⠀⇛ Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a TCP/IP protocol for synchronizing time over a network. Although Ubuntu has a built-in clock that is helpful for keeping track of local events, it may create issues when the server is connected over a network and provides time-critical services to the clients. This problem can be solved with the help of NTP time synchronization. NTP works by synchronizing time across all servers on the Internet. NTP uses hierarchies of servers with top-level servers synchronizing time with atomic clocks. This hierarchy levels are known as stratum, and the level can range between 1 and 15, both inclusive. The highest stratum level is 1 and is determined by the accuracy of the clock the server synchronizes with. If a server synchronizes with other NTP server with stratum level 3, then the stratum level for this server is automatically set to 4. # ⚓ VLC_Keyboard_Shortcuts_Cheatsheet_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛ VLC is the ultimate open source media player. It will play any video format you throw at it, and it’s widely available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. If you use VLC a lot and are interested in becoming more proficient with the tool, you should check out these VLC keyboard shortcuts. One of the great things about VLC is that most of the keyboard shortcuts are single keys. There may be some that are a combo, but many of the most critical ones are just one key. If you ever forget these, you can find them in the “Hotkeys” section of your preferences menu in VLC. # ⚓ How_to_Schedule_Cron_Jobs_in_Linux_With_Crontab⠀⇛ Cron is the task scheduler for Linux, and it’s one of the most useful tools for system administrators. It helps you automate the repeating tasks at ease. These tasks or commands that are pre-scheduled are called Cron Jobs. # ⚓ GNU_Linux_as_TV_receiver_with_embedded_PC_hardware_+ Hauppage_WinTV_NOVA_S2_TV_tuner_+_easyVDR⠀⇛ TV is just “another input” channel… another source of information… simply stupidly zapping through channels is…. stupid. the idea is a smart and intelligent handling of the massive amounts of “TV content” by programming a power efficient device, to record and archive only what might be interesting to the user to watch at the time the user want’s to. Germany spends more money (!?) than ANY OTHER COUNTRY on this planet on public TV and Radio funding? Germany: 8.1 BILLION(Mrd) € per YEAR! # ⚓ Create_Slideshow_in_Your_Blog_Post⠀⇛ An online service can help you making a slideshow in your blog post. Need example? Click here, it is our gallery of slideshows of Ubuntu high resolution screenshots. Slideshow is multiple pictures / photos in one frame with sliders — the benefit is it saves you a lot of spaces. We will use the free (no cost) Imgur slideshow service here and explained it in only three steps. Let’s try it! # ⚓ How_to_Manage_Bluetooth_Devices_on_Linux_Using bluetoothctl⠀⇛ Bluetooth is one of the most effective ways of connecting multiple hardware devices to your computer wirelessly. Knowing how to manage Bluetooth devices is vital as more wireless gadgets are gaining recognition among users. Bluetoothctl is an interactive and easy-to-use tool for controlling Bluetooth devices. It is the main utility for managing Bluetooth on Linux-based operating systems. This guide will show you how to easily set up Bluetooth devices and connections on your Linux PC using bluetoothctl. # ⚓ Commands_to_Install_&_Run_Mariadb_on_Docker_Container_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ MariaDB, a fork of open source MySQL can be easily installed on a Docker container to create Database for various web applications such as WordPress, OwnCoud, etc. The benefit of using MariaDB on Docker container is you will not need a dedicated server to separate your Database server from the rest of the applications. However, learning curves will be there to manage containers. And here we will help you understand the basic steps to install the MariaDB container and how to run and access it remotely to manage databases. # ⚓ How_to_Identify_Your_Operating_System?_–_WhaTech⠀⇛ Linux is a free and open-source UNIX-like operating system. It is currently the world’s largest free operating system. Linux strictly refers to the kernel of the operating system, but nowadays Linux is often used to refer to a complete operating system based on Linux. Because Linux is open-source, many people would like to develop it and therefore Linux has many distributions. Popular Linux distros include Debian (as well as its derivative versions Ubuntu, Linux Mint, etc.), Fedora (as well as its related versions Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, etc.), openSUSE, etc. # ⚓ Exporting_a_git_repo_as_a_tarball⠀⇛ These are the options I needed. the -o says where to put the file, and the –prefix (with the / at the end) puts it in a subdir. # ⚓ When_I/O_Workloads_Don’t_Perform_»_ADMIN_Magazine⠀⇛ Every now and then, you find yourself in a situation where you expect better performance from your data storage drives. Either they once performed very well and one day just stopped, or they came straight out of the box underperforming. I explore a few of the reasons why this might happen. Sometimes, the easiest and quickest way to determine the root cause of a slow drive is to check its local logging data. The method by which this log data is stored will differ by the drive type, but in the end, the results are generally the same. For instance, a SCSI-based drive such as a serial attached SCSI (SAS) drive collects drive log data and general metrics in something called the SCSI log pages (plural because each page separates the collected data into its respective category). The easiest way to access this data is by using the sg3_utils package available for Linux. To find out what categories the drive supports, execute the sg_logs binary with the SAS drive or SCSI generic identifier in which you are interested (Listing 1). # ⚓ Efficient_emojis_with_rofimoji⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make_Your_Linux_Xfce_Desktop_Look_Like_Retro_Windows_With Chicago95 ⠀⇛ Remember when operating systems had style? If you’re running a Linux device with the Xfce window manager, you can bring that style back with Chicago95. This theming system will automatically configure your desktop to appear nearly identical to the beloved Windows 95 operating system. What Is Chicago95? Customization is one of the great joys of using Linux because you’re free to make essentially any change you want. If you feel at home in the Windows 10 environment, for example, you can convert your Linux desktop to look nearly identical. But what if you want to go back to Microsoft’s golden days? Chicago95 is a theme for Linux that supplies a host of icons, backgrounds, sounds, and other relics from the Windows 95 operating system. It applies them to your Xfce desktop automatically, transporting you right back to the days of playing SimCity 2000 and connecting to dial-up to visit your favorite chatroom. # ⚓ Commands_to_Install_&_Run_Mariadb_on_Docker_Container_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ MariaDB, a fork of open source MySQL can be easily installed on a Docker container to create Database for various web applications such as WordPress, OwnCoud, etc. The benefit of using MariaDB on Docker container is you will not need a dedicated server to separate your Database server from the rest of the applications. However, learning curves will be there to manage containers. And here we will help you understand the basic steps to install the MariaDB container and how to run and access it remotely to manage databases. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Grab_a_coffee_for_the_Sunday_Section_round-up⠀⇛ KDE Plasma 5.22 Beta has been released, as the KDE camp continue to advance their flashy flagship Linux desktop environment. The aim of this release is to further “stability and usability” fixing up bugs, solving annoying paper-cuts and there’s a number of big improvements for Wayland support again too which is quite exciting to see! 2021 looks truly set to be the Year of Wayland on the Linux desktop. # ⚓ Window_decorations_revisited_(or:_using_the_right tool_for_the_job)⠀⇛ Today let’s talk a bit about the importance of using the right tool for the job. There’s a bit about this in my post about KHamburgerMenu, about how it was not designed to be a universal thing for every app but rather the ones where it can makes sense. No need to shoe-horn everything into an identical paradigm. [...] Now, KDE apps typically do not use client- side decorations for their header areas like GNOME apps do. Instead, we generally hew to the traditional arrangement of a titlebar, menubar, and toolbar. The titlebar is “server-side” because it’s drawn by KWin, our window manager. Everything below the titlebar–such as the window’s menubar, toolbar, and content view–are drawn by the window itself; the window being a “client” of the window manager. Hence, “client-side”. # ⚓ KDE_Still_Isn’t_For_Client-Side_Decorations_But_Has Been_Selectively_Using_Some_D.W.D.⠀⇛ With word this week that KDE’s Dolphin file manager has adopted a hamburger menu that has re-ignited the discussion once more over client versus server-side decorations for the KDE desktop. KDE developers still seem to be overall against the notion of client-side decorations for all windows in having the clients be responsible for the rendering of their windows in full. KDE developers still prefer the notion of server-side rendering, but they are sort of embracing Dynamic Window Decorations (DWD) as a partial hybrid of CSD in specific areas where it makes sense. # ⚓ Latte_Dock_|_End_Of_Life_for_v0.9.11⠀⇛ Latte v0.9.11 is the last published stable version for v0.9.x branch but it is not updated or maintained any more. It has not beed updated for more than a year and unfortunately the next stable branch v0.10.x is not ready yet. I will probably need three or four months from now to complete its implementation. The bad news is that v0.9.11 is not compatible with Plasma 5.22 . All users using v0.9.11 when they update to Plasma 5.22 will observe a broken Latte Tasks plasmoid. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Gnome_Tweaks_40_No_Longer_Manage_Extensions,_Use_This Tool_Instead⠀⇛ Gnome Tweaks, one of the must have apps for configuring Ubuntu, removes GNOME Shell Extensions support by releasing version 40. Which means in next Ubuntu release which will ship with Gnome 40+, you have to use another tool to manage Gnome Shell Extensions. If you have tried out Fedora 34, you should already see the prompt at first launch of Gnome Tweaks: “Extensions management has been moved to GNOME Extensions”. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ ExTiX_21.5_–_“The_Ultimate_Linux_System”_–_with_LXQt 0.16,_Refracta_Snapshot_and_kernel_5.12.4-exton_:: Build_210516⠀⇛ I have made a new version of ExTiX – The Ultimate Linux System. I call it ExTiX 21.5 LXQt Live DVD. (The previous LXQt version was 20.8 from 200804). The best thing with ExTiX 21.5 is that while running the system live (from DVD/USB) or from hard drive you can use Refracta Snapshot (pre-installed) to create your own live installable Ubuntu system. So easy that a ten year child can do it! One other very good thing with this version of ExTiX is that it is quite light. The ISO file is of only 1360 MB, which means that you can run the system super fast from RAM. When the boot process is ready you can eject the DVD or USB stick. Use Boot alternative 3 or Advanced options… >> load to RAM. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Story_Of_PipeWire_&_How_It’s_Getting_Ready_To Handle_Linux_Audio_+_Video⠀⇛ For those interested in the story of PipeWire for handling Linux audio/video needs not only for the Linux desktop itself but coming to cars / infotainment systems and more, there is an interesting Red Hat interview going over the history and other topics pertaining to PipeWire. It was with the recent release of Fedora Workstation 34 that PipeWire is now being used by default in place of PulseAudio. As the year progresses we’ll likely see other Linux distributions beginning to make use of PipeWire for consumer and pro audio needs on Linux. Christian Schaller as the Senior Manager for the Desktop team at Red Hat published an interview with Wim Taymans. Wim, the lead developer of PipeWire and prior to that the co-founder of GStreamer, has been spending the past half decade working on PipeWire at Red Hat. # ⚓ Fedora_35_Might_Drop_Installer_Option_To_“Allow_SSH Root_Login_With_Password”⠀⇛ A Fedora 35 change proposal submitted this week that is ruffling some feathers is over removing the “allow SSH root login with password” option from Fedora’s Anaconda installer. The past several years there has been a Fedora installer option to “allow SSH root login with password” to enable password-based logins over SSH. This hasn’t been enabled by default but simply offered as an option for those wanting a password based login. With Fedora 35 this autumn the change proposal wants to eliminate this option from the installer. The basis is that the option was planned to only be temporary and security benefits in just dropping the option to encourage users to rely on SSH keys, etc. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Sets_Sights_on_Delivering_the_First Continuously_Certified_Linux_Platform_for_Road Vehicles⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced its intent to deliver a functional-safety certified, evolving Linux operating system for the automotive industry. Built from the trusted components of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the world’s leading enterprise Linux platform, and in collaboration with exida, a leader in functional safety across multiple industries, this operating system will be designed for continuous updates throughout its lifecycle while still retaining crucial functional safety certifications. This brings greater flexibility to the automotive software ecosystem, enabling vehicle manufacturers and their partners to focus on innovative driving experiences with confidence in the behavior of the underlying foundation, which will be developed and maintained by Red Hat and continuously certified by exida. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Accessible-Coconut_–_Ubuntu-based_Linux_Distribution for_Visually_Impaired_Users⠀⇛ We take a look at “Accessible-Coconut” – a friendly Linux for Visually Impaired Users. We covered the features, utilities, download details, and a brief review of this distro. # ⚓ Jerry_Zheng_codes_platform_for_Alabama_Consortium_for Technology_in_Education⠀⇛ Zheng also understood the current implementation, improved it and made ‘bug fixes.’ To construct the contest platform, he worked with cloud platforms, like AWS Lightsail, MySQL database, Python WebSocket and Ubuntu operating system. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Use_Raspberry_Pi_to_Farm_Chia_Coin⠀⇛ After you’ve gone through the process of building Chia Coin plots on a PC (see how to farm Chia Coin), there’s no need to waste the electricity and tie up expensive computer hardware keeping those plots connected to the Internet. Instead, it’s best to take an external drive or drive(s) with the plots on them and hook them up to a Raspberry Pi where they can stay online, without gulping down too much juice. In this tutorial, we will create a custom Raspberry Pi Chia farming device powered by the latest Ubuntu 64-bit release for the Raspberry Pi. The unit is designed to be hidden away, farming Chia Coin silently while we go about our lives. As such we chose to house the Raspberry Pi 4 inside of a passively cooled case. Our choice this time was the Akasa Gem Pro which has great cooling for the SoC, PMIC and PCIe chip and a rather tasteful, if unusual design. # ⚓ JingPad_A1_Linux_tablet_crowdfunding_begins_June_15th_for $549_(or_less_for_beta_testers)⠀⇛ The JingPad A1 is an 11 inch tablet with an 11 inch tablet with an octa-core processor, 6GB of RAM, 128GB of storage, and touchscreen-friendly Linux distribution called JingOS. First unveiled in April, the makers of the tablet have now announced that it will be available for pre-order for $549 starting June 15th through an Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign. The tablet will begin shipping to backers September 27th. That’s only part of the announcement though – there’s also a JingPad A1 beta program that will let 100 people save $99 and and get a tablet two months early. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] 45_Out_of_50_Electronics_Companies_Illegally Void_Warranties_After_Independent_Repair,_Sting Operation_Finds⠀⇛ When you buy a game console, smartphone, dryer, vacuum cleaner, or any number of other complicated electronics, there’s usually a sticker or a piece of paperwork telling you that trying to repair the device yourself will void your warranty. That’s illegal under the federal Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. Companies offering a warranty on their goods aren’t allowed to void that warranty if the user attempts to repair it themself, but that doesn’t stop the company from scaring customers into thinking it’s true. It’s such a huge problem that US PIRG—a non- profit that uses grassroots methods to advocate for political change—found that 90 percent of manufacturers it contacted claimed that a third party repair would void its warranty. PIRG researched the warranty information of 50 companies in the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM)—an industry group of notorious for lobbying to protect is repair monopolies—and found that 45 of them claimed independent repair would void their warranty. # ⚓ [Old] Illegal_warranty_voiding_highlights_need_for FTC_action⠀⇛ The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (MMWA) “generally prohibits warrantors from conditioning warranties on the consumer’s use of a replacement product or repair service identified brand or name.” In other words, a manufacturer cannot require that a consumer use brand-specified parts or services to keep their warranty intact, with a few exceptions outlined in our report. Nonetheless, during a 2018 study conducted by the U.S. PIRG Education Fund, 45 out of the 50 surveyed appliance manufacturers voided warranties if product owners used independent or self-repair. Our report came just a few months after the FTC issued its warning to six companies for placing “void if removed” stickers on their products. “The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act specifically precludes tying a warranty to use of specific or authorized parts and service. The FTC staff in 2018 gave specific guidance to companies and said ‘unless you meet one of the exceptions in the Magnuson-Moss Act, do not condition warranty coverage on consumers’ use of parts or service from you or someone you authorized,’” said Blake Reid, director of the Samuelson-Glushko Technology Law & Policy Clinic during a Colorado House committee bill hearing. Reid’s testimony attempted to rebut manufacturer claims that Right to Repair rules run afoul of federal warranty law. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Major_Android_12_leak_points_to_Google’s_biggest visual_update_in_years⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_A30′s_Android_11_update_is_out,_that’s it_for_this_phone_–_SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ vivo_Commits_to_Three_Years_of_Android_Upgrades_For Future_Premium_X_Series_Devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scary_new_Android_malware_is_stealing_bank_logins_in these_5_regions_–_BGR⠀⇛ # ⚓ 6_Android_Apps_to_Mitigate_Work-From-Home_Burnout⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_record_phone_call_on_android_phone⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ The_10_Productive_Scrum_Tools_To_Manage_Your Projects⠀⇛ Scrum is a popular Agile framework. It basically focuses on software development, intending to deliver innovative, functional, and useful software to consumers as quickly as possible. Versatile fields have been blessed with the power of Scrum. From sales and marketing to advanced research and technology – Scrum has its use. Like many other frameworks, Scrum also needs some tools to work with. Due to the high popularity of Scrum, several Scrum tools are available in the market. However, you have to choose a specific tool according to your need. The choice of a suitable tool is very significant for enhanced production. So, today, we’ll assist you in selecting a suitable tool for your project. # ⚓ The_Open-Source_Software_bubble_that_is_and_the blogging_bubble_that_was⠀⇛ Web development? Everything is built or run directly on OSS. Almost everything we do in web development exists as a thin layer over open-source software. Servers, build tools, databases, ORMs, auth, client-side JS, web browser: we are all building on a vast ocean of OSS labour without paying back a fraction of the value we generate. It isn’t just big, direct dependencies like Babel that are suffering. The stuff your stuff is using—the infrastructure code everything needs—is surviving on sheer inertia as well. That’s value extraction. Strip-mining if you want to hammer home the unsustainability. Looting if you want to emphasise the moral dimension. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl_/_Unix_One-liner_Cage_Match,_Part_1⠀⇛ A shell (like Bash) provides built-in commands and scripting features to easily solve and automate various tasks. External commands like grep, sed, Awk, sort, find, or parallel can be combined to work with each other. Sometimes you can use Perl either as a single replacement or a complement to them for specific use cases. Perl is the most robust portable option for text processing needs. Perl has a feature rich regular expression engine, built-in functions, an extensive ecosystem, and is quite portable. However, Perl may have slower performance compared to specialized tools and can be more verbose. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Looking_back_at_what_Python_3.4_did_for_enum⠀⇛ One of my favorite logic puzzles is the self-descriptive Hardest Logic Puzzle Ever. Among other things, it talks about three gods who are called A, B, and C. Their identities are True, False, and Random, in some order. You can ask them questions, but they only answer in the god language, where “da” and “ja” mean “yes” and “no,” but you do not know which is which. If you decide to use Python to solve the puzzle, how would you represent the gods’ names and identities and the words in the god language? The traditional answer has been to use strings. However, strings can be misspelled with disastrous consequences. If, in a critical part of your solution, you compare to the string jaa instead of ja, you will have an incorrect solution. While the puzzle does not specify what the stakes are, that’s probably best avoided. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Niko_Matsakis:_CTCFTFTW⠀⇛ The meeting will focus on things that could either offer insights that might affect the work you’re doing, or where the presenter would like to pose questions to the Rust teams and get feedback. I announced the meeting some time back to all@rust-lang.org, but I wanted to make a broader announcement as well. This meeting is open for anyone to come and observe. This is by design. Even though the meeting is primarily meant as a forum for the members of the Rust teams, it can be hard to define the borders of a community like ours. I’m hoping we’ll get people who work on major Rust libraries in the ecosystem, for example, or who work on the various Rust teams that have come into being. The first meeting is scheduled for 2021-05-17 at 15:00 Eastern and you will find the agenda on the CTCFT website, along with links to the slides (still a work-in-progress as of this writing!). There is also a twitter account @RustCTCFT and a Google calendar that you can subscribe to. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Opinion_|_Michael_Harrington⠀⇛ o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Sports_betting_skyrocketed_in_pandemic._Experts_warn_of_a ‘ticking_time_bomb’⠀⇛ The U.S. is in the midst of the largest and fastest expansion of legal gambling in the nation’s history. Sports betting surged after a 2018 Supreme Court decision paved the way for its legalization in states beyond Nevada. Legal sports betting became available in five states and Washington, D.C., in 2020 — bringing the total number of sports betting states to 21 — at the same time as the Covid-19 pandemic sparked a sharp rise in online gambling of all forms as casinos closed and Americans hunkered down in their homes. Despite the proliferation of online gambling, in which large sums of money can be lost with a few clicks on a smartphone, federal and state governments still devote few resources to tracking and treating people with gambling problems, experts say. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Vicious_HSE_attack_software_specialises_in stealing_valuable_and_sensitive_information [Ed: Microsoft Windows]⠀⇛ # ⚓ CloudLinux_unveils_TuxCare_Linux_enterprise support [Ed: This article reads like a commercial rather than journalism. Let the companies do their own PR/marketing, don't let them pollute news sites.]⠀⇛ CloudLinux is a commercially supported operating system optimised for hosting service providers and data centres, with their own multi-tenanted clients. The company has now announced TuxCare, bringing together its enterprise support into a broader and more cohesive family of services. CloudLinux is Linux for those who manage significant quantities of shared hosting accounts or sell servers to enterprises and businesses. The product builds on Linux to deliver increased server stability, higher density, advanced resource management, and other security and performance optimisations specifically targeted to a multi-tenant hosting environment. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ COVID_Has_Catalyzed_a_Wave_of_Tenant Organizing_That_Was_Long_Overdue⠀⇛ # ⚓ Decision_by_Irish_High_Court_–_DPC_must now_implement_CJEU_decision_and_stop_EU-US transfers.⠀⇛ The High Court ruled today, that the Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) had the right to open a second “own volition” investigation against Facebook. Facebook’s attempt to stop this second investigation failed. The judge held: “I refuse all of the reliefs sought by [Facebook Ireland] and dismiss the claims made by it in the proceedings.” The DPC now has two open procedures to implement the so- called “Schrems II” judgment, in which the European Court of Justice (CJEU) clarified that Facebook may not transfer personal data from the EU to the US. Under a separate settlement reached between Mr Schrems and the DPC (first published today) the DPC must now also investigate an original 2013 complaint that lead to the CJEU decision. The original complaints procedure will run in parallel with the new “own volition” investigation. # ⚓ Twitter_may_be_working_on_Twitter_Blue,_a subscription_service_that_would_cost_$2.99 per_month⠀⇛ Twitter has previously confirmed that it’s exploring a paid subscription model for some features, and app researcher Jane Manchun Wong tweeted Saturday that she’s discovered how much it will cost and what it will be called. Twitter Blue, Wong says, will cost $2.99 per month, and will include an Undo Tweets feature and bookmark collections. Wong says it appears Twitter is working on a tiered subscription model, which she posits could mean a less-cluttered, premium experience for the highest-paying subscribers. # ⚓ GoodBye_WhatsApp_(Facebook)_GoodBye_ (Telegram)_–_Hello_Signal_(there_is_even_a Desktop_Version_🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇:)⦈__ (also_featuring:_CareGiving_&_scary_Dentist robots)⠀⇛ Privacy just as Security is a never ending story. [...] but it does not end with advertisements… Google is making a massive push into BigHealthData. While it makes sense to monitor the environment for hazardous chemicals and one’s vital signs for any problems… (e.g. too less Fitness, says the Fitness Tracker) it shall done with very transparent Open Source systems only, so the user is in complete control over the user’s data (and can share it with a doc if user wants to… via an usb stick or Mail-Attachment.encrypted)… but not via the Google Cloud (as Google plans to). o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_design_a_sailing_ship_for_the_21st_century?⠀⇛ The sailing ship is a textbook example of sustainability. For at least 4,000 years, sailing ships have transported passengers and cargo across the world’s seas and oceans without using a single drop of fossil fuels. If we want to keep travelling and trading globally in a low carbon society, sailing ships are the obvious alternative to container ships, bulk carriers, and airplanes. However, by definition, the sailing ship is not a carbon neutral technology. For most of history, sailing ships were built from wood, but back then whole forests were felled for ships, and those trees often did not grow back. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, sailing ships were increasingly made from steel, which also has a significant carbon footprint. The carbon neutrality of sailing in the 21st century is even more elusive. That’s because we have changed profoundly since the Age of Sail. Compared to our forebears, we have higher demands in terms of safety, comfort, convenience, and cleanliness. These higher standards are difficult to achieve unless the ship also has a diesel engine and generator on-board. # ⚓ [Old] Future_batteries,_coming_soon:_Charge_in seconds,_last_months_and_power_over_the_air⠀⇛ While smartphones, smart homes and even smart wearables are growing ever more advanced, they’re still limited by power. The battery hasn’t advanced in decades. But we’re on the verge of a power revolution. Big technology and car companies are all too aware of the limitations of lithium-ion batteries. While chips and operating systems are becoming more efficient to save power we’re still only looking at a day or two of use on a smartphone before having to recharge. While it may be some time before we get a week’s life out of our phones, development is progressing well. We’ve collected all the best battery discoveries that could be with us soon, from over the air charging to super- fast 30-second re-charging. Hopefully, you’ll be seeing this tech in your gadgets soon. # ⚓ Growing_Power_Outages_Pose_Grave_Threat_To_People_Who Need_Medical_Equipment_To_Live⠀⇛ These are not just one-off tragedies. Some experts warn that complex home-based medical care is on a collision course with climate change, as severe weather events become more frequent nationwide. # ⚓ Big_Oil_Is_Trying_to_Make_Climate_Change_Your_Problem to_Solve._Don’t_Let_Them⠀⇛ The framing of climate change, in particular, as something that wouldn’t be an issue if “we” had all just made better consumer choices has been persistent and effective. Every Earth Day, we’re bombarded with tips about how to minimize our personal carbon footprints; meanwhile, it’s 2021 and the GOP is still suggesting tree-planting as climate policy. A new paper from Harvard science historians Naomi Oreskes and Geoffrey Supran shows that this sort of framing is no accident, it was by design. Oreskes was the co-author of the landmark 2010 book The Merchants of Doubt, which exposed that some of the same scientists who had spun and downplayed the health risks of smoking for tobacco companies had pushed climate denial for oil companies. The new paper, published this week in One Earth, focuses on the subtle rhetorical techniques of ExxonMobil, which is currently a defendant in more than two dozen lawsuits over its role in concealing and confusing the issue of climate change since the 1980s. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ How_do_you_convince_people_to_have_babies?⠀⇛ In the past two weeks two global superpowers have had to face an unsettling reality – census results in the US and in China indicate that both countries are likely to start shrinking in population much sooner than they thought. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Jobs_Report_Coverage_Lacked_Context,_Worker_Perspective⠀⇛ In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, the editorial board of the Financial Times  (4/20/20), perhaps the most important newspaper of capital in the English-speaking world, fretted about how the pandemic could upend labor relations. After the Black Death of the 1300s, the paper noted, the population decline meant surviving peasants had the leverage to demand higher pay. The editors assured their readers that nothing so radical was coming due to Covid-19: “A thankfully much lower mortality rate means such a transformation is unlikely,” the editors said. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_NPR_at_50_–_Straying_from_Its_Civic_Mission?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Trump_Officials_Used_Secret_Terrorism_Unit_to_Question Lawyers_at_Border⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pharma-Backed_Dark_Money_Group_Attacks_House_Democrats’ Lower_Drug_Pricing_Plan⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Death_of_Democracy_Looks_Nearer_Than_Ever⠀⇛ o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ How_oil_capitalists_conspired_to_spread_climate_change denialism_—_in_1988⠀⇛ In 1989, several urgent counter-initiatives were launched: Exxon formulated an internal plan for how to drive home “the uncertainty in scientific conclusions regarding the potential enhanced Greenhouse effect” and ran its first advertorial on the subject. A suite of companies set up the Global Climate Coalition to contest the science. The key conservative think tank known as the George C. Marshall Institute published its first report attacking it. When more than a hundred heads of state gathered in Rio de Janeiro in the summer of 1992 and adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), with its call to prevent “dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system,” further alarm was stoked. Socialism appeared to be passing out of history, but at the very same moment, fossil capital had to gear up for a war to safeguard its freedom. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Facebook_is_reportedly_continuing_a_ban_on_anti-coup_groups in_Myanmar⠀⇛ The AA isn’t the only group that’s found itself unable to communicate through Facebook. There are apparently many ethnic armed organizations (EAOs) active in the country, some of which have banded together as a resistance to the coup government, which has been violently cracking down on pro- democracy protestors. Many of their Facebook pages were also restricted back in 2019, under orders of the democratically elected government, which has since been overthrown. According to Rest of World, the ban of EAOs was controversial before the coup as well: some argue that it prevented the spread of information about human rights violations, like the genocide against the Rohingya Muslims carried out by the Tatmadaw. Now, EAOs and journalists in the country argue that Facebook’s bans prevent them from showing what’s happening in the struggle against the current military government. The director of a human rights organization told Rest of World that the bans are “like trying to close the people’s eyes and ears.” # ⚓ The_Twitter_policy_that_could_temporarily_censor_every single_one_of_your_tweets⠀⇛ On Tuesday, a noted Palestinian-American journalist reporting live from protests near Jerusalem was suddenly and mysteriously silenced on Twitter — with every single tweet replaced by the message “@MariamBarghouti’s account is temporarily unavailable because it violates the Twitter Media Policy.” It was a mistake, the company quickly admitted, and her tweets were quickly restored. # ⚓ Biden_revokes_Trump_executive_order_that_targeted_Section 230⠀⇛ President Biden on Friday revoked several of former President Trump’s executive orders, including one that would have changed legal protections for social media sites and other online platforms. Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act limits how much online platforms can be held liable for content users share on their platforms. The Trump order, titled “preventing online censorship,” would have allowed federal authorities to hold companies like Twitter, Google, and Facebook responsible if they were found to be infringing on users’ speech by deleting or otherwise modifying users’ posts. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Israeli_Bombs_Destroy_Gaza_Media_Center,_Take_Out_AP,_Al Jazeera_and_Others⠀⇛ # ⚓ Israeli_Bombs_Destroy_Gaza_Media_Center;_AP,_Al-Jazeera, Others_Taken_Out⠀⇛ Israel destroyed a high-rise building in Gaza City that housed offices of The Associated Press, Al- Jazeera and other media outlets on Saturday, the latest step by Israel to silence reporting. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Getting_Back_to_Basics_in_Policy_on_Israel⠀⇛ The US has never been an honest broker in this conflict. # ⚓ Ethiopia_revokes_press_credentials_of_New_York_Times reporter⠀⇛ Ethiopia has revoked the press credentials of a foreign journalist working for the New York Times, according to the newspaper and an Ethiopian official. The Times said in an article on Thursday that Simon Marks, an Irish national who reports for it and other publications, had his credentials revoked by the Ethiopian Broadcasting Authority in early March, after returning to Addis Ababa from the Tigray region, where he had interviewed civilian war survivors. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Fierce_Prophetic_Vision_of_Poor_Women⠀⇛ One hundred and fifty years ago, in the bloody wake of the Civil War, the abolitionist Julia Ward Howe issued a “Mother’s Day Proclamation.” The world, she wrote, could no longer bear such terrible violence and death. She called on women across the country to “rise up through the ashes and devastation” and come together in the cause of peace. Forty years later, her daughter Anna Jarvis created Mother’s Day. # ⚓ Opinion_|_What_I’m_Learning_from_Globalization_and_Why_I Believe_in_a_World_Without_Borders⠀⇛ A borderless world is what can lie in the aftermath of a global pandemic. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Billions_for_Farmers_of_Color_Isn’t_Racist_–_It’s Smart_and_Long_Overdue⠀⇛ The failures of the food system during the pandemic showed us that the corporate-consolidated mode of farming inflexible and wasteful. # ⚓ Amazon_worker_alleges_security_had_keys_to_mailbox_used_in union_vote⠀⇛ Security guards at Amazon’s Bessemer, Ala., facility had keys to a mailbox that the company recommended workers use to vote in the unionization election earlier this year, a worker at the facility alleged during a National Labor Relations Board hearing Friday. Kevin Jackson said during the sixth day of hearings over the union’s challenge to the results that he had seen two guards use keys to open one of the thirteen slots on the mailbox. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ How_far_have_you_gone_for_internet_access?⠀⇛ The Verge’s Infrastructure Week focused partly on how dire the broadband problem currently is for Americans. On Monday, we showed you a map of the worst counties for broadband in the US — and on Friday, we closed the week by showing how satellite services like Starlink aren’t enough to close that gap. But even for the people who do have high-speed internet access, many of them have done desperate things to secure access to it. Our team resides all around the US, and they’ve shared some personal tales below about their experiences getting (or failing to get) high-speed internet. But we also want to know what lengths you’ve gone to for internet access. Did you have to plead with an unwilling internet service provider to branch out its high-speed service to your area? Did you resort to using a device in an unintended way to get internet access? Did you use any clever workarounds to improve your internet (or piggy-back on a neighbor’s)? Share your story in the comments below. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Appliance_Companies_Are_Lobbying_to_Protect_Their DRM-Fueled_Repair_Monopolies⠀⇛ Companies such as Apple and John Deere have fought vehemently against such legislation in several states, but the letters, sent to bill sponsor David Harris and six other lawmakers and obtained by Motherboard, show that other companies are fighting against right to repair as well. # ⚓ Here’s_the_Real_Reason_Why_You_Can’t_Repair_Your_AirPods⠀⇛ “Initially inspired by a workshop in 2019,” the Examiner continues, “the FTC spent two years delving into the specific data points and complaints that consumers, companies, and advocates all had about the state of repairability among consumer devices. Over that period, the FTC found several intentional design choices that limited the ability to repair a device. These included making parts inaccessible, imposing software locks, enforcing patents, and requiring users to use company-certified repair services.” After concluding that there is “scant evidence” to support manufacturers’ justifications for repair restrictions, the FTC report encouraged state and federal legislators to consider “right-to-repair” bills which would compel companies to make their designs easier to repair. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ KOL334_|_On_Habeas_Data_with_Sebastian⠀⇛ From a libertarian perspective, is this a type of bodily/personal autonomy “property” right? # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Awards_podcast:_Kasowitz_talks_remote_litigation_and west_Texas [Ed: Patrick Wingrove is grooming patent trolls (like those who pay his salary) and their 'mole' Alan Albright, who turned local courts into laughing stocks in pursuit of money]⠀⇛ Americas editor Patrick Wingrove sat down with counsel at Kasowitz to talk about Apple v Fintiv, the challenges and opportunities of remote litigation, choosing a jury in Alan Albright’s court and diversity and inclusion. He was joined by Silicon Valley partners Jonathan Waldrop, Darcy Jones and Marcus Barber. # ⚓ Webinar_on_Patent_Extensions_in_Brazil_&_Mexico⠀⇛ Moeller IP will be offering a webinar entitled “Patent Extensions in Brazil & Mexico” on May 18, 2021 at 11:00 am (ET). The webinar will address the Brazilian Supreme Court’s final ruling on the current suspension of Article 40 of the Industrial Property Law (Law 9.279 / 1996) setting forth a minimum period of patent validity of 10 years, and the Mexican Supreme Court’s decision from October 2020, which extended the period of validity of Mexican Patent No. 238942. # ⚓ Philip_Morris:_U.S._Ruling_Against_IQOS_Has_Little Impact;_Buy_Its_5%_Dividend_Yield⠀⇛ We believe Friday’s ITC ruling against IQOS, in the U.S. patent lawsuit brought by British American Tobacco, has limited impact. We believe patent claims against IQOS have no merit; Philip Morris has already successfully invalidated several in other courts globally. # ⚓ The_European_Patent_Office_Announces_Boston-based Microbiologists_Kim_Lewis_and_Slava_S._Epstein_as European_Inventor_Award_2021_Finalists⠀⇛ # ⚓ Former_3M_scientist_selected_as_finalist_for prestigious_inventor_award [Ed: Corrupt EPO management, which would be prosecuted if it were not for diplomatic immunity, still uses this wasted budget to bombard_the_media_with_noise]⠀⇛ The European Patent Office (EPO) recently announced the finalists for the 2021 edition of the European Inventor Award. Indian-American Sumita Mitra, who invented the first dental filling material to include nanoparticles is one of the 15 inventor and inventor teams shortlisted from 400 nominations from across the world. # ⚓ Securing_Smartphones_Through_an_Integrated_Biometric Authentication_Solution:_Bo_Pi_and_Yi_He_named_European Inventor_Award_2021_Finalists [Ed: The EPO spent millions of euros that it's not supposed to spend producing videos and puff pieces that serve to distract from EPO crimes]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Patents_and_Trademarks:_How_to_Protect_Your Intellectual_Property [Ed: Is this really reporting or just marketing garbage? A lot of the propaganda terms and false narratives of litigation fanatics are reused here unquestionably]⠀⇛ Prudent businesses have insurance to protect against damages and losses from fire, natural disasters, theft and even cybercrimes. And prudent businesses also take steps to secure their intangible assets — the ideas, brands, inventions and other forms of intellectual property that distinguish them from their competitors and make them profitable. # ⚓ Launch_at_risk_concept_still_is_not_at_risk_in_Sweden following_C-688/17⠀⇛ A key mechanism in patent litigation and specifically for generics is the concept of “launch at risk”. In short the concept means that a product is launched prior to the expiry of a patent despite the risk that the patent proprietor in such case could initiate infringement proceedings which often includes requests for a preliminary injunction. The products are nevertheless launched since it is assumed that the patents will be revoked. If an interim injunction is laid down and the patent later on proves to be invalid, then the preliminary injunction has been laid down in error. In such case the patent holder is strictly liable (at least in Sweden) for any damage suffered by the injuncted party. According Article 9(7) of Directive 2004/48/ EC (in short the Enforcement Directive) the member states shall ensure that judicial authorities have the authority, given certain circumstances, to provide the defendant appropriate compensation for any injury caused by provisional measures. This concept was not considered too problematic up until article 9(7) was interpreted by the CJEU in C-688/17 (the Bayer judgment). Ever since the Hungarian court submitted their questions to the CJEU it has again been a matter of discussion, worry or anticipation. Even after the judgment that has not changed very much although the debate on how to interpret the judgment in C-688/17 has continued. The focal point in the debate was if the the judgment in C-688/17 suggested a change of the launch at risk concept – especially for the concept of indemnification. A change to this concept would most certainly dramatically alter the competitive landscape on the pharmaceutical market. # ⚓ Moberg_Pharma_AB_Interim_report_January_–_March 2021⠀⇛ Regarding intellectual property rights, we were recently granted a patent in India, adding to previously granted patents in all 38 member states of the European Patent Office (EPO), the U.S., Canada, Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and eight other countries. We also added a number of approvals to our trademark portfolio during the quarter. Our branding strategy includes securing global trademark and domain protection for five separate trademark families. The trademarks are required for registration application in various countries, but we also see opportunities for our own trademark in certain markets to complement our partners’ established trademarks in other regions or markets. # ⚓ Sunshine_Biopharma_Reports_Improved_Cash_Position_in 2021Q1_Filing⠀⇛ On March 9, 2021, the Company received a Notice of Allowance from the European Patent Office for a new patent application covering Adva-27a. The newly issued patent contains new subject matter and extends the proprietary protection of Adva-27a in Europe until 2033. The equivalent patent in the United States was issued in 2019 (US Patent Number 10,272,065). # ⚓ Ex-USPTO_Official_Weighs_In_On_Applicant-Admitted Prior_Art⠀⇛ Unified Patents has asked the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s precedent-setting panel to clarify the degree to which patent challengers can rely on statements in a patent’s written description to challenge validity — and it’s getting help from a former acting director of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Joseph Matal of Haynes & Boone, who served as the interim USPTO director in 2017, filed a request with the board on May 4 for Unified Patents to file an amicus brief in a case that upheld an SMA Solar Technology AG patent challenged by Solaredge Technologies Ltd. # ⚓ Obfuscation_and_Patenting_of_@#$% [Ed: "beat the PTO’s AI system" is typical fluff, conflating computers of programs with some nebulous concept]⠀⇛ Price. Some amount of obfuscation will be familiar to patent attorneys today across various fields. Although not illegal, most patents avoid detailing the core invention — what really is the improvement over the prior art. Likewise, some patent attorneys will have walked the tight-line between the patentability disclosure requirement and client-interest in keeping certain trade secrets. Some patent attorneys are hard at work attempting to beat the PTO’s AI system that routes patent applications to the various art units (some of which are seen as more favorable than others). Many are also trying to figure out ways to patent inventions that are close to the abstract- idea line without sending the case back to the inventors for more inventing. Perhaps all of this goes along with traditional core roles of attorneys — advocating and keeping secrets. # ⚓ 4_charts_that_show_how_technology_is_enabling_the energy_transition [Ed: Corrupt EPO interjecting itself into greenwashing_puff_pieces, even of WEF]⠀⇛ That’s according to the European Patent Office (EPO) and the International Energy Agency (IEA), who have issued their second report into the growth of the technologies needed to support the transition to greener types of energy. Called Patents and the energy transition: Global trends in clean energy technology innovation, the report examines the link between patented developments and support for greener energy use. The shift to LCE can only be achieved through an acceleration in energy-sector innovation, the report’s authors state. # ⚓ A_Small_Step_on_Choice_of_Forum_Issues_with_PTAB⠀⇛ In a pair of CBM decisions, the PTAB found New Vision’s patent claims ineligible under Section 101. New Vision had proposed alternative claims, but those were also found to be invalid. On appeal, the Federal Circuit did not review the merits, but instead vacated and remanded on Arthrex grounds. # ⚓ Judge_Newman_Again_Stands_As_Sole_Ally_To_PTAB_Bias Claim [Ed: Sites of patent maximalists only pay attention to those who push the lobbyists' (litigation) line that people who reassess patents are "bad" and "biased"]⠀⇛ The Federal Circuit on Monday considered for the second time whether Patent Trial and Appeal Board judges are financially motivated to institute patent challenges, and while the panel majority again seemed unpersuaded, Judge Pauline Newman voiced serious concern over the patent judges’ bonus structure. The court’s longest-serving judge said Article III judges like herself aren’t given bonuses based on how many cases they decide and questioned why administrative patent judges should be financially rewarded for their productivity. # ⚓ The_nine_things_you_need_to_know_about_the_European patent_landscape [Ed: IAM is still shamelessly promoting marketing spam for corrupt EPO management; they aren’t even pretending not to anymore]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Letters_to_the_editor_On_Taiwan,_Scotland,_Spain, suicide,_patents,_workers,_Dickens,_the_C-suite_–_The Economist⠀⇛ “Ruling the world” (April 24th) made the point that British lawyers have lost the right to practise in Europe, potentially undermining the reach of British courts and practitioners. One important area where the links remain is patents. The European Patent Convention (and its associated European Patent Office) is an international treaty organisation independent of the eu, and so British-based patent attorneys can still prosecute European patent filings in Munich and The Hague. Britain is a member of its board. British patent courts are often used to clear the way for new innovators faced by threats of injunctions or costly licences. That’s an important service the British legal system can still provide to the world. # ⚓ EPO_streamlining_gives_‘welcome_boost’_to_patentees [Ed: Once upon a time World Intellectual Property Review would occasionally write about EPO corruption, but nowadays it's all puff pieces because they got rid of some staff]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Osimertinib_SPC’s:_the_Law_of_Numbers [Ed: How can you be rejected by such an awful patent office that barely even checks the application? Team UPC’s Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon) seems to have never met an application he did not fancy.⠀⇛ This application was refused by the INPI (i.e. French Patent and Trademark Office) on August 1, 2019 pursuant to Article 3(a) of Regulation (EC) No. 469/2009. The Office decided that while the claims of the basic patent did implicitly and necessarily relate to osimertinib, they did not specifically relate to it, since osimertinib was neither mentioned in the specification of the patent nor identifiable as such. Although the evidence produced by the applicant (subsequent patents relating to osimertinib, scientific publications) demonstrates that the basic patent undoubtedly contributed to the state of the art and enabled research into an EGFR receptor inhibitor to progress, it does not in any way make it possible to establish that the active principle osimertinib, which led to the medicine that gave rise to the marketing authorization, was not the result of an autonomous inventive step within the meaning of the Royalty Pharma jurisprudence. Moreover, several years of research were needed to precisely and specifically identify osimertinib as an active product, since osimertinib was only claimed in a patent on July 25, 2012 by Astrazeneca, which confirms that upon reading all the information contained in the basic patent in the light of its knowledge, this product was unknown to the person skilled in the art at the filing date in 2006. The skilled person could not directly and unequivocally infer osimertinib from said patent, its discovery being the result of several years of complex research. # ⚓ European_Patent_Office_Reminds_Users_That_New_Article 15a_Of_The_Rules_Of_Procedure_Of_The_Boards_Of_Appeal_ (RPBA)_On_Oral_Proceedings_By_Videoconference_Entered Into_Force_On_1_April_2021 [Ed: Totally illegal EPO agenda and the EPO exploits immunity to get away with such a crime]⠀⇛ The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated travel restrictions have prevented, and continue to prevent, many parties and representatives from attending oral proceedings in person. To ensure timely access to justice, the Boards of Appeal introduced the option of conducting oral proceedings by videoconference in May 2020. # ⚓ The_Chinese_Supreme_People’s_Court’s_Interpretation on_Markush_Claims:_a_“Whole”_or_a_“Parallel”_Technical Solution?_Daiichi_Sankyo_v._Beijing_Winsunny_v._Daiichi Sankyo [Ed: "Technical Solution" is the wrong approach or a legal 'hack' used to make 'lawful' what is actually illegal, granting loads of patents in violation of the ground rules]⠀⇛ A Markush claim is a particular kind of patent claim that lists alternative species or elements in a patent claim, which is commonly used in chemical and pharmaceutical patents. However, each patent office has different interpretation on the definition of the Markush claims, as well as the legality of deleting several alternative elements in the Markush group in a post-grant amendment. In Beijing Winsunny Harmony Science & Technology Co., Ltd. v. Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., the Patent Reexamination Board (“PRB”), the Beijing First Intermediate People’s Court (“BFIPC”), the Beijing High People’s Court (“BHPC”) and the Supreme People’s Court (“SPC”) each held different opinions on the construction of Markush claims and the allowability of the post-grant amendment. The SPC finally overturned the second-instance judgement. The article aims to introduce the current practical interpretation of Markush claims in China built by the SPC judgement 1. # ⚓ Warning_Letters:_More_trouble,_less_solution! [Ed: Blackmail and extortion with letters, as the EPO did to me for exposing corruption inside the office; why does our system tolerate bullying when it's done by law firms, patent trolls and large corporations?]⠀⇛ Sending a warning letter is not a pre- condition to enforce patent rights as per Turkish Law. However, considering it is a cost-effective and fast way to solve disputes, patent owners may choose to send warning letters to perceived infringers. In 2014, a global pharmaceutical company filed a patent infringement action against a Gx company asking the IP Court to request and examine the related evidence; namely, the marketing authorisation dossier of the Gx drug filed before the Ministry of Health (“MoH”), and to stop and prevent the infringement if so determined. Before filing the action, the patent owner requested the Gx company to provide the relevant characteristics of the Gx product to assess patent infringement. The Gx company did not comply with the request, and the patent owner requested the IP Court to examine the MA dossiers of the Gx product and assess the possible infringement. The patent infringement action against the Gx Company was rejected after the court expert panel examined the MA dossiers and concluded that the patent was not infringed upon. # ⚓ EPO_member_states_discuss_new_normal,_IP_education and_the_EPO_Observatory_at_15th_annual_meeting [Ed: Corrupt EPO management pushing totally illegal agenda under the guise of “New Normal” [1, 2]]⠀⇛ On 11 May 2021, 80 representatives of 40 national offices (in 38 EPO member states and two future member states) and the EUIPO met online for the 15th annual meeting on co- operation. Among the delegates were 26 heads of IP Offices. In his opening address, Vice-President Legal and International Affairs Christoph Ernst highlighted the need to “keep delivering on our co-operation efforts and continue to build a stronger IP system that supports inventors. So IP and innovation can play their part in powering recovery.” The disruption caused by the pandemic also presented opportunities as the EPO and member states work towards a new normal, said Mr Ernst. He thanked EPO member states for contributing to the public consultation process on the EPO’s initial proposals for a new normal ahead of the submission of an orientation document for approval by the Administrative Council. Further, Mr Ernst stressed the importance of maintaining the momentum gained in European co-operation, and of meeting the broader public’s need for transparency: “IP cannot be a discussion that takes place behind closed doors. We ourselves have to provide a platform which allows us to continually evaluate the innovation sector and the patent system in dialogue with other stakeholders. To let the light in. So I think now is precisely the time to push forward with plans for the patent observatory.” # ⚓ Brazilian_Senate_Approves_Bill_on_the_Compulsory Licensing_of_COVID-19_Vaccines’_Patents [Ed: When you value people more than you value patents]⠀⇛ While pressure is building up on TRIPS Council for the suspension of certain obligations under the TRIPS Agreement during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Brazilian Senate approved on 29 April 2021 a bill facilitating the compulsory licensing of COVID-19 vaccines’ patents. The bill will be voted by the Brazilian House of Representatives and, if approved, it will be submitted to the Brazilian President for approval and publication. If the House of Representatives amends the bill, the bill will be remitted to the Senate before it is submitted to the Brazilian President. The Brazilian President may veto the whole bill or part of it, but the veto can be defeated by the majority of the two houses of the Brazilian Congress. The bill approved by the Brazilian Senate amends the provisions of the Brazilian Industrial Property Act 1996 on compulsory licensing of patents in cases of national emergency or public interest. In its current version, Article 71 of the Brazilian Industrial Property Act 1996 allows the temporary and non-exclusive compulsory licensing of patents where the patent proprietor is unable to meet national emergency and public interest’s needs. According to the regulation of Article 71 adopted in the Presidential Decree 3.201 of 1999, cases of public interest include matters related to public health, environmental protection, food security as well as matters concerning Brazil’s technological and socio-economic development. In addition to stating that the COVID-19 pandemic is a case of national emergency, the bill approved by the Brazilian Senate amends the wording of Article 71, introducing new rules on the compulsory licensing of patents. # ⚓ Angela_Merkel_rejects_US_move_to_waive_patents_on vaccines [Ed: Merkel acting like a sociopath having also covered_up_EPO_crimes_to_protect_German_‘monopoly’ over_the_patent_system_in_Europe]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Exclusive:_Lindsey_Graham_was_‘concerned’_by_Avanci patent_pool [Ed: Avanci is a patent troll, not a "patent pool", but Patrick Wingrove is a megaphone for patent trolls and litigation firms that pay his salary]⠀⇛ Senator Lindsey Graham expressed concerns over the Avanci 5G patent pool in a letter to the Department of Justice shortly after the platform was launched in July 2020, it emerged this week as part of a freedom of information request made by Managing IP last year. According to a letter sent to now-former attorney general William Barr and then- antitrust head Makan Delrahim, the now- ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee (and former committee chair) Graham said he was also concerned that the antitrust division’s actions “were unnecessary”. # ⚓ Biden_Supports_TRIPS_Agreement_Waiver_for_COVID-19 Vaccines_at_WTO⠀⇛ The United States (US) marked a new stage in re-opening its economy this week, allowing vaccinated citizens to remove masks in a number of situations and opening vaccinations up to adolescents as young as 12. Meanwhile, the Biden Administration’s support for negotiating a TRIPS Agreement waiver for COVID-19 related vaccines at the World Trade Organization (WTO) continues to cause debate in the United States and European Union (EU). [...] US support for negotiating a TRIPS waiver has created a lot of debate in the EU. European Commission Executive Vice President and Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovskis reiterated the EU is open to discuss the US proposal, but Executive Director of the European Medicines Agency Emer Cooke appeared more skeptical of the “equitable access” of vaccines. Some Members of the European Parliament are currently pushing the leaders of various political parties to table a resolution that, if adopted, would urge the European Commission to support the US proposal. Meanwhile, the European Commission approved a contract of an additional 1.8 billion doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech coronavirus vaccines through 2023. # ⚓ IP_Events_at_UIC_School_of_Law:_Inaugural_IP_Master Class_Report_&_Upcoming_Events⠀⇛ The Master Class rounded out with a panel on the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which discussed topics such as damages, the difficulties and advantages of remote arguments, the move to streaming arguments on YouTube, and the steps implemented meant to encourage young lawyers to argue cases before the panel. Among the speakers was Judge Kimberly Moore, the court’s incoming Chief Judge. # ⚓ Sharon_Prost_Ends_Her_Tenure_Atop_a_More_Unified Federal_Circuit⠀⇛ Prost became chief judge at a tumultuous time seven years ago. Under her watch the court’s dissent rate has been down, the number of en banc opinions fewer, and the Supreme Court’s review more sparing. Sharon Prost took the helm of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit seven years ago in stormy seas. Some members of the court were openly battling with the Supreme Court about patent eligibility and other intellectual property issues, leading to increasing scrutiny from the justices. The Federal Circuit’s own attempt to forge a consensus on eligibility led to a nightmare of six concurring, dissenting and reflecting opinions from the denial of en banc review in a 2013 case. Over the next 12 months, then-Chief Judge Randall Rader would publicly criticize “patent trolls” in the New York Times, compare U.S. Patent and Trademark Office administrative judges to a “death squad” for patent rights, and then leave the court suddenly under an ethical cloud. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ European_Intellectual_Property_Office_Observatory Publishes_Discussion_Paper_On_Domain_Names_And_Their Use_In_Preventing_IP_Infringement [Ed: Conflating trademarks with the mythological concept (propaganda term) “IP”; the EUIPO means “business”, not law]⠀⇛ EUIPO notes that the domain name system is indispensable to the functioning of the internet, with the number of domain names now exceeding 375 million globally. Domain names also play a central role in a number of IP- infringing online business models that have damaging effects on consumers, IP owners and the entire domain name ecosystem. # ⚓ Opinion:_Amazon_talks_the_talk_on_fakes,_but_does_it walk_the_walk? [Ed: So we want Jeff Bezos and a private company to become the trademark police? Well, some people don't care about the law, they just want to ban all their competitors.]⠀⇛ According to the report, in 2020 Amazon prevented over six million attempts to create new dubious selling accounts and blocked more than 10 billion suspected bad listings. It also seized and destroyed more than two million products that were detected as counterfeit before they were sent to customers. The number of brands using Amazon’s intellectual property protection programmes also grew. Users of Amazon’s Brand Registry – which gives brand owners access to enhanced reporting tools – increased from 10,000 to 15,000, and those using Project Zero – a service that allows IP owners to remove listings themselves – rose from 10,000 to 18,000. On paper, these numbers may appear impressive, and show the sheer scale of counterfeiting that brand owners are up against. Clearly, Amazon is trying to engage with rights owners and move away from any notion that it merely provides a platform on which counterfeiters can thrive. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Shady’s_back:_Quantifying_damages_for_copyright infringement_of_Eminem’s_album [Ed: "Damages" is a deliberately-misnamed propaganda term/misnomer in this context. In many such case this constitutes free publicity, which hardly damages anybody.]⠀⇛ The calculation of damages for copyright infringement is something that this Kat finds to be curious, sometimes sending her into a fuurrry, and other times she’s left wondering why the parties wasted their time over such a small recovery. She’ll let readers decide for themselves where this case falls… In 2019, IPKat reported that Funky Bass Team Productions successfully sued Let Them Eat Vinyl Distribution for copyright infringement for creating vinyl copies of Eminem’s first album, Infinite. Although neither of the defendants were liable for secondary infringement (importing, offering for sale and selling copies of the Infinite album) as there was found to be no knowledge. In this latest hearing, parties disputed the damages for the primary infringement. # ⚓ PRS_and_Qatar_Airways_music_copyright_infringement case_takes_off [Ed: Copyright robber barons want their monopolies up in the air too, taking money off people who don't even watch or listen to their crap]⠀⇛ The applicant, PRS, is a performing rights collecting society, whose members are writers, composers and publishers of musical works. Their rights in these works include public performance and communication to the public in the UK, as well as performing rights for all countries in the world. The defendant, Qatar Airways (QA), is the national passenger airline for Qatar, with 206 commercial passenger aircrafts which fly to 160 destinations in 80 countries. QA offers an inflight entertainment system “Oryx One”. PRS said that passengers can access audio and audio-visual content via individual onboard screens and headphones, or via an app called Oryx One Play, downloadable on a laptop, mobile or tablet. The app, PRS claimed, allows passengers to create playlists of content prior to boarding that can be accessed by the passenger before, during and after a flight. QA said that the app is only available on aircrafts that do not have the Oryx One onboard screen system and that it cannot be used on laptops. They said that Oryx One does not stream audio/ audio-visual content except for some trailers and scheduled content which can only be transferred from the app to the onboard entertainment screen if the aircraft is fitted with near field communication. They also said that the system is only provided during flight, not before or after. # ⚓ Oracle_v._Google:_May_2021_Update⠀⇛ Earlier this year, the US Supreme Court decided this case in favor of Google’s fair use argument and rejecting the Federal Circuit’s opposite conclusion. On remand, the Federal Circuit has now issued a short order in the case sending it back down to the District Court. In its order, the Federal Circuit recalled its mandate in the case “solely with respect to fair use.” That means that its judgment favoring Oracle on the question of copyrightability still stands. Finally, the “district court’s final judgment in favor of Google is affirmed.” Neither party had filed additional briefs in the appeal following the Supreme Court’s decision. # ⚓ Guest_Book_Review:_Research_Handbook_on_Contemporary Intangible_Cultural_Heritage:_Law_and_Heritage [Ed: Misleading or vague terms such as "artificial intelligence and copyright law." As if to say, computer something is just "Hey Hi"... and "magic".]⠀⇛ This review is brought to you by Dr Paula Westenberger, Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law, Brunel University London. Her research interests cover the intersection between copyright law, human rights and culture, with particular focus on topics including limitations and exceptions to copyright, the use of digital technology by cultural heritage institutions, and the relationship between artistic freedom and copyright law. She is currently researching the interface between cultural heritage, artificial intelligence and copyright law. [...] Lucas Lixinski, in Chapter 1 “Regional and international treaties on intangible cultural heritage: between tradition and contemporary culture”, analyses the difficult relationship, in terms of definition, between cultural heritage and the present, particularly in the broader context of international heritage law, where there is a strong “pull to focus on the past” (page 33). Lixinski notes, however, the promising turn towards safeguarding and social processes in the context of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (“2003 UNESCO Convention”) and of the Council of Europe’s 2005 Faro Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society (“2005 Faro Convention”). Lixinski concludes that, rather than relying on definitions, embracing safeguarding practices may allow the “contemporary” into ICH, even if indirectly. Lixinski also discusses the tensions between universal and regional heritage protection approaches, but suggests a possible interpretation of the 2003 UNESCO Convention in light of the 2005 Faro Convention, alerting however to the selectivity of regional heritage law. Fiona Macmillan, in Chapter 2 “Contemporary ICH: between community and market”, discusses the concept of the authorised heritage discourse, and the difficulties of state- based international law in recognizing communities. Macmillan acknowledges, however, some signs in more recent international cultural heritage law towards “recognizing that the central function of cultural heritage law should be to provide community with the means to express its identity and the collective claims that flow from that identity” (page 52). Macmillan discusses the protection of ICH through a process of listing, and also notes the possible overlap between ICH as a contemporary phenomenon and the type of cultural practices protected by intellectual property. Macmillan argues that “unconstrained by any legally imposed attempt at balance or restraint, the transcendence of total market thinking in the neo-liberal period has prioritized private property rights and their market exploitation over the demands of the contemporary cultural heritage community” (page 53). Macmillan thus concludes that the 2003 UNESCO Convention should be offering protection against such private appropriations of cultural heritage. Yvonne Donders, in Chapter 3 “Protection and promot # ⚓ Jetflicks_&_iStreamitAll:_Man_Sentenced_to_57_Months Prison,_$1m_Confiscation_Order⠀⇛ Before being shut down by law enforcement, Jetflicks and iStreamitAll were said to be two of the largest pirate streaming services in the United States. Darryl Julius Polo, who founded iStreamitAll and programmed for Jetflicks, has now been sentenced to 57- months in prison and will forfeit $1 million. But that’s just the beginning. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4063 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 131 seconds to (re)generate ⟲