𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, June 12, 2021
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Generated Sun 13 Jun 02:40:01 BST 2021
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/


╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⦿ EU Already Captured by  -  and Lying for  -  Corrupt EPO Officials, Team UPC, and Lobbyists of Multinational Corporations | Techrights

⦿ Open Letter to the FSF About Taking Control of the FSF’s (and GNU’s) IRC Channels | Techrights

⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, June 11, 2021 | Techrights

⦿ With KDE Plasma 5.22 Having Just Been Released It’s Time to Give KDE a Try (or Move to GNU/Linux, Leveraging the Best Features of Any Operating System Out There) | Techrights

⦿ Virtual Injustice  -  Part 4: Mihály Ficsor, the EPO’s Hungarian “Fixer” | Techrights

⦿ The Story of Techrights, in Banners... | Techrights

⦿ [Meme] Virtual Code of Conduct (ViCoC) | Techrights

 ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/12-pages-of-lies/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/fsf-irc-channels/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/irc-log-110621/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/kde-lookaround/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/mihaly-ficsor-past/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/techrights-in-banners/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/vicoc/#comments

 ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
		http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/kde-frameworks-5-83-0/#comments

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 65

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/12-pages-of-lies/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/12-pages-of-lies/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ EU_Already_Captured_by_—_and_Lying_for_—_Corrupt_EPO_Officials,_Team_UPC,_and
Lobbyists_of_Multinational_Corporations⠀✐


Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 2:41 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Video_download_link


http://techrights.org/videos/upc-eu-lobby.webm


Summary: 12 pages of lies; is the European Parliament reduced to a mere
marionette of corrupt officials who run the EPO into the ground?


THE EPO keeps gloating that its tyrants have done nothing wrong because Benoît
Battistelli and António_Campinos enjoy the ‘privilege’ of immunity, which means
that their crimes won’t even be investigated. They say they’re totally separate
from the EU and thus shouldn’t be subjected to oversight/scrutiny, but at the
same time it’s perfectly clear that the EPO has a lot of control over the EU
authorities. Voters should definitely care. Based on this new draft_document
[PDF] (in Microsoft’s proprietary format, albeit converted at the end to PDF),
just weeks after Campinos was lying about UPC at_JURI we see JURI carrying
water for the UPC, for software_patents, for EPO/EUIPO, Apple, BASF, and
various front groups of Microsoft. This is rather crude and antidemocratic.
It’s the kind of thing that inflames hostility towards the EU. It’s just the
cherry on the cake that they’re using proprietary Microsoft formats; the much
worse thing is, they’re actively lying about the UPC and they misuse COVID-19
as a cause for “urgency” (pushing for things that would make this health crisis
even worse).


“It’s truly appalling that officials at that level get their so-called ‘facts’
or ‘evidence’ from a cabal (or “Mafia” as EPO workers call it).”While it’s hard
to tell what those politicians are on (other than high salary, maybe alcohol/
narcotics too), it’s very clear that they don’t represent the interests of
Europe. This is a siege, and having confronted judges on matters such as
constitutionality, they clearly aren’t giving up. They’ll just carry on lying
again and again.


The video above is long and it would be longer if finer details in the whole
document were discussed. It’s truly appalling that officials at that level get
their so-called ‘facts’ or ‘evidence’ from a cabal (or “Mafia” as EPO workers
call it). Someone needs to call them out on it. Gross exploitation of COVID-19
to push illegal agenda and unlawful programmes is in some sense more dangerous
than COVID-19 itself because once rights are lost they rarely come back. █


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇You_don't_ratify?_In_the_US_They'd_put_you_on_on_the_USTR's
list⦈_


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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⡿⣃⢭⣴⠌⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡁⡽⢈⣑⣙⣛⠋⠈⠀⠀⠀⢻
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠰⡀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠇⣿⣿⡞⠿⠀⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡩⠐⠉⠉⠁⠀⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣙⣛⣛⠻⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡀⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣌⠠⣀⣀⣀⡤⢊⡾⣛⢵⠾⠛⠥⢐⢿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⢁⡀⠀⠀⠢⣀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣷⡐⢜⢿⣶⣮⣷⠸⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⡄⣠⡄⣠⡌⣥⣝⠲⠖⠤⠜⠉⢚⠣⡿⣰⣿⢰⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠀⠠⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢃⣾⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣦⣑⣀⣀⣴⠆⣙⠛⠩⠾⠟⠃⡿⠁⣿⣇⢿⡿⠐⠂⠈⠙⠛⠻⠦⠅⠻⠟⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣾⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠙⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠏⣶⡎⣶⡄⣶⡎⠉⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⢠⣶⠀⣶⣶⠀⠀⣶⡆⣶⡆⣴⡶⣦⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⢲⡆⣴⣶⡆⣶⡶⣦⡄⠀⢰⣶⢦⡄⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣯⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣾⣿⠀⣿⣤⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⠻⣷⣍⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⣤⠘⣷⡿⠀⠁⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣼⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⢿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣄⡀⠀⣿⣇⣿⠇⣶⣎⣿⠆⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣇⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⢿⣇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⡧⠤⠤⠄⠀⠉⠁⠉⠀⣽⣫⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⢸⣧⣼⡇⣴⡟⣷⡄⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣷⣯⣟⣥⣄⠀⣐⣦⣤⠄⣾⢻⣶⢸⣿⡀⣿⠀⠐⢿⣿⠿⢸⣿⢸⣷⢸⣿⠿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢰⣾⢻⣦⠿⣿⡿⠃⣿⢻⣶⢸⡇⣾⢻⣷⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⢠⣾⢻⣶⠸⣿⡿⠇
⣿⡆⢿⡿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠸⡿⣟⣿⢧⣹⡎⠉⡿⠓⢄⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⠶⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⠈⠻⣷⣄⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⢾⣯⠀⠀⠛⢷⣦⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⠻⢷⣦⠀⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣇⢸⡇⣀⢿⣧⡿⠃⢿⣧⡿⠃⠀⠛⠙⣮⣳⠿⠶⡀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣼⡿⢸⣿⢹⣿⠀⠄⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⡿⢸⣿⣤⠀⠘⢿⣼⡿⠸⢿⣼⡿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢿⣤⡿⠀⠀⣿⣧⡄⣿⠀⢿⣼⡿⠀⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠡⢀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⠢⡀⠤⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 165

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/fsf-irc-channels/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/fsf-irc-channels/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ Open_Letter_to_the_FSF_About_Taking_Control_of_the_FSF’s_(and_GNU’s)_IRC
Channels⠀✐


Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF at 5:28 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Video_download_link


http://techrights.org/videos/irc-wars-and-fsf.webm


Summary: The FSF should have seized the opportunity, in light of self-harming
IRC infighting (instability and unpredictability), to create its own IRC
network and then help this new (or “GNU”) network flourish


The video above was made in a rush (as usual; we almost always do videos before
writing any text). It does not link to any article (by intention) and doesn’t
name any people or networks. The principle is what matters and counts. It’s
regretful to see that the FSF missed an important chance to regain independence
and put itself at the hands of some people who don’t wish the FSF to succeed.
Unless the FSF changes its mission statement to their own worldview… commercial
and/or political. Last year the OSI (or corporations that took over it)
'cancelled'_the_OSI's_own_co-founder, by misusing_control_of_the_mailing_lists.
It was about politics. Lessons learned since?


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Can't_do_my_own_IRC_network;_Outsourcing_instead⦈_


After making the video I decided to fire away the E-mail below.


     Date: This morning (an hour after making the above video)
     To: Richard Stallman
     Cc: [omitted, FSF]


     Dear Richard,


     It came to my attention some time last night that the FSF had decided
     to leap from one IRC network that it does not control to another
     network that it does not control. To make matters worse, it leaps
     from one collective of staff to the same collective of staff that, as
     reported to me back in April (I covered it in early May), was
     coordinating ‘decapitation’ attacks against the FSF. In fact, some
     openly showed their names — affiliated openly with the IRC network —
     by signing a petition to remove you: http://techrights.org/2021/05/
     08/communication-channels-cancel-mobbed/


     I personally don’t condone choosing any IRC network but making one’s
     own, at the very least so as to avoid the ‘clown computing’ trap
     (surveillance, censorship, de-platforming etc.) or what you like to
     call “software substitute”. At Techrights we moved to our own IRC
     network and we use a bridge to retain some level compatibility with
     the old network (where we had been for over 13 years). There’s help
     at hand if the FSF and the GNU Project wish to provision/commission a
     server for IRC, managing all GNU projects and communities without
     risks associated with privacy violations, manipulations, and threats
     from unaccountable IRC ‘cops’.


     I am more than happy to help towards an outcome wherein the FSF (and
     FSF alone) is in control of its communications. Experience has shown
     that choosing one “master” over another “master” (as in networks that
     are third parties) is a short-sighted decision as owners can rapidly
     change. Policies change too. Moving users from one network to another
     isn’t easy (in practice, logistically), so there was a window of
     opportunity last month.


More than 7 years ago I_expressed_my_disagreement_with_the_FSF giving an award
to a person who would later (co)lead a coup against the FSF’s founder and the
FSF’s mission, even_on_Google's_payroll. He already weaponises the recent IRC
flux or wars (or infighting) to further this same agenda. The FSF can avoid
much of that hassle by just making and moving to its own IRC network. It
already has DNS records set up (currently as a mere redirection from a
subdomain).


In 2003 I moved to my own E-mail address and domain. I haven’t looked back
since. Why should other means of communication be different, especially in
technical (and inherently freedom-loving) organisations like the FSF? █


Before:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Bad_master;_Good_master⦈_


After (remorse):


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Fuck_IRC⦈_


⡇⠀⢠⡤⣤⠀⣤⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⡄⠀⣤⣤⢠⣤⢤⡄⣤⠀⢨⣬⣤⢤⡄⣤⣄⣤⣤⡄⣤⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⢨⣤⣤⠐⢠⣤⢠⡄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⢡⡄⣤⣤⡄⣤⣬⡍⣬⣍⣥⢹⣿
⡇⠀⣿⡇⣛⢸⡟⣿⢸⣿⣾⡏⠁⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⡇⡄⣿⡇⣿⢸⣷⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡇⣛⠀⢸⣿⣾⡇⣿⠦⠀⣿⠀⣿⣼⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣾⡇⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿
⡇⠀⠹⢧⠿⠸⠟⠿⠾⠇⠿⠇⠀⠸⠇⠀⠸⠿⠿⠇⠿⡼⠏⠀⠿⠿⠏⠿⠀⠿⠀⡇⠹⣧⠿⠸⠿⠏⠿⠇⠿⠟⠿⠈⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠹⣧⠿⠀⠸⠏⠿⠇⠿⠶⠀⠿⠀⠻⠿⠸⠿⠁⠿⡼⠇⠿⠼⠧⠿⠿⠿⠨⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡔⡀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⢿⣶⣾⣔⣧⡃⠴⣲⡇⢐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣷⢣⣴⣡⠀⠐⣺⡿⣞⢶⡭⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠡⡀⠀⢻⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠠⠄⣾⣿⣿⡉⣷⠀⠈⠀⡇⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠰⠀⠀⡀⢀⡶⢸⣮⡿⢣⣿⡤⠻⠷⢯⡴⠯⠖
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠸⠆⠀⠀⠄⠂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⡀⠐⡀⠘⣳⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢻⣿⡏⠠⣇⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠈⠑⢀⡀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⢂⠀⢀⢾⠿⡕⢓⠄⠀⠁⠀⠀⢠⠊⠀⠀⠀
⣇⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠈⠀⠠⠐⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⢀⠀⠀⠈⢲⠴⡇⡇⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣏⡔⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⡇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠢⢄⠀⠀⡀⢰⠀⡐⢰⠀⠀⠐⢧⡼⠅⠺⠀⠷⠁⡀⡠⣧⠗⠃⠃⠒⠀⠀
⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⢱⣥⡜⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣄⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠰⣀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⡄⣀⣬⢼⠇⣧⢤⣠⣴⡞⢳⣄⠖⡀⣀⣠⠑⠈⠟⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⣿⠋⢡⠀⠀⠐⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢫⠀⣻⠄⠀⠂⢸⠀⠀⠛⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣔⣯⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡧⡕⢻⣶⣾⣞⡁⠀⢰⠘⣄⣦⠴⠄⠂
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡶⡊⠆⠀⠀⢁⠀⠈⠢⠀⠸⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠈⠠⠛⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣋⣵⣰⣆⣾⣿⣿⣿⣅⢶⡴⠚⠉⡠⠴⠊⠩
⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⢨⢹⡟⠀⠨⠄⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⣹⢀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣗⣷⣽⠍⢻⢟⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣔⠁⠀⡜⠐⢖⣄⡀
⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠋⣟⠀⠀⠘⢤⠈⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢷⢾⣷⡀⠀⢁⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⣾⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢢⢈⣸⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣦⡈⢀⠀⠁⡡⢄⠉⠛
⡟⢿⢿⠷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢄⠋⣳⣄⡀⠀⠃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡆⠀⠓⠁⠃⠈⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢤⡑⢿⡂⠈⠉
⡟⠮⣿⣟⣿⣄⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠒⠱⠦⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢰⢟⠈⢹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢮⡆⠀⠈⡿⠉⢃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡑⠄⣨⣅⣀
⡇⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠸⠛⠦⡀⡀⠀⠀⠘⡀⠀⢃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡠⠪⡣⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣬⣍
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣏⢓⠦⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠈⢮⢇⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣔⡊⠵⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⡌⢢⠈⠑⠢⡱⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⡀⢠⠂⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣇⠙⢦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢸⣷⣄⠀⠈⠛⢷⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⣕⢀⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⣿⣮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡏⠳⣄⠙⠿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠑⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠃⠂⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⡄⡈⢫⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⢳⡈⢢⡀⠈⠻⣦⡀⠀⠀⠙⢿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣀⠬⡷⣩⠇⡶⠘⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⢷⡀⠉⣄⢀⠈⠻⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⢄⠙⠢⡢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠟⣂⠲⠶⠶⠿⣃⠕⡡⠀⣺⡷⣦⡴⢻⠀⡅⡈⢀⠌⢘⢿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠙⣿⣀⠈⢦⠁⠢⡀⢁⠢⡀⠀⠊⣧⣫⣴⠣⣄⠐⠀⠈⠢⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠵⢢⣄⣀⠈⠳⣤⣞⢿⠾⡀⠈⣪⠿⢏⠠⡻⠀⡻⢣⣿⣾⣲⣎⡯⠘⠿⠗⠀⠀⠁⠄⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡗⢄⠀⠘⡏⠁⠀⠳⡀⠀⠢⠈⠻⠞⠛⠋⠉⡾⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠦⣄⡀⠀⣀⠄⠈⠉⠉⠹⣦⣀⣴⣷⡟⠉⠉⠁⢹⣗⣔⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠘⡄⠀⠸⡀⠀⠀⠙⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⢿⢳⠇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠙⠢⢥⣀⣂⣀⣩⠿⡳⣾⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠘⣆⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣻⣿⡴⡜⢸⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⢄⣁⡤⡲⠄⠀⠀⣿⡿⣋⡟⢉⡯⠊⠑⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⣦⡀⣶⣴⣶⢰⣿⣷⣦⣵⢶⡌⢠⡶⣦⡍⣶⣯⣶⢰⣶⣷⣄⢠⣶⣶⡍⣶⡆⣷⡎⣶⡎⣴⣶⣯⢻⡏⣿⡏⣿⡉⣿⢩⣷⣾⡍⣷⣶⣶⣴⣶⡆⢰⣶⡎⢹⣿⣯⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⢸⠘⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⡘⢿⣮⡉⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣼⡟⢸⣿⠛⠃⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⠸⢿⣯⡱⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⡄⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⢸⠀⡇⠀⠀⢿⣇⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠸⣿⣹⡿⢻⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⢹⣿⢸⣷⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣄⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣼⡿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⢀⠆⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠍⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠫⠦⠶⠿⠷⠾⠦⠭⠗⠈⢰⠀⡀⠀⠈⡅⠀⣦⡴⢶⣖⡤⣦⣾⣵⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮⣽⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣥⣿⣿⡿⠟⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠟⠋⠱⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⡧⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢹⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣾⣿⣷⣶
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⡟⠀⠀⢸⣿⠿⠻⠁⠀⠀⠿⠿⢿⡿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣀⡀⣀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⠙⠛⠛⠉⠉⢁⣽⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣷⣶⣶⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦
⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⣛⡛⢹⣿⣛⣛⠿⢟⣛⣻⠿⣿⣿⣟⣛⡿⣟⣛⠋⢀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠋⠛⠟
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⡟⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢻⣿⢸⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢠⣿⡟⣿⡞⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡅⣼⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⠁⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡆⠛⢿⣷⡄⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⣧⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣠⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣭⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⡴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⠀⢀⣀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⡁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠦⠤⠰⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣠⣽⣿⣿
⣶⣾⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠗⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣷⣶⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠁⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠈⠁⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣶⣦⡄⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⠿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠉⢸⣿⣿⡿⠟
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠿⠏⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣛⡛⠿⢟⣛⣛⠻⠟⣛⣙⡻⢟⣛⣛⡻⢿⣿⢟⣛⡻⢟⣛⡻⢟⣛⣛⢿⢟⣛⣃⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⡆⣿⡏⣿⣇⣾⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡆⣿⣟⠿⠧⠛⣿⣟⠃⣿⡟⠛⢸⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⠠⣶⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢰⣶⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣟⣿⡇⣙⡻⣿⣆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡿⠟⢸⣿⢻⣯⠀⠠⣾⣿⠁⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⠇⢻⣿⣼⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠇⠿⢸⣿⢹⡟⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⢿⣧⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣷⣶⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢙⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⢀⠌⠁⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣬⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣀⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣨⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣈⡁⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣾⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⢀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠛⠿⠿⠀⣿⡏⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⢀⡜⠁⣤⣤⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠧⠀⣿⢿⡿⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⢒⠂⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠿⠏⠋⠣⠸⠿⢿⡟⢽⠘⣿⢏⠢⢇⣄⠀⡇⠸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⢻⢿⠒⠀⠟⡾⠓⠀⡜⢿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣦⢠⣾⢿⣶⠁⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠈⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢰
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸
⠛⠛⠀⠀⠘⢰⣭⣥⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣤⢀⠀⠀⠀⣒⣶⣖⣂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠉⠁⣤⠀⣀⢀⣤⣤⠈⠉⣀⡇⣆⢰⡖⣴⡀⠀⠀⢰⢦⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠀⣹⡇⠀⢰⣶⢀⠀⢠⣦⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡇⠀⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣼⢸⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⡏⢾⣷⣿⣄⡀⣀⣼⣾⣧⡇⠀⢀⠀⡀⢾⣿⠀⣇⠀⡀⣼⣹⠀⠀⡄⡴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⢀⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣭⢼⣿⡆⠀⠉⠙⠇⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣳⠅⢸⣿⠀⡟⡇⡇⣿⡟⠰⠀⠃⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⢸⣯⣿⣤⣽⣇⠀⠀⢸⠆⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⣿⡧⠀⡟⣿⡁⢸⡿⢀⣏⣋⡇⣸⣇⡇⣷⣿⣸⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠤⢼⠀⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠿⢿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠡⠕⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⠦⠀⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠘⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠀⠄⢒⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣷⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⠀⡇⣿⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠘⠇⠈⠀⢹⣿⠇⠛⣿⢻⠃⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⢸⣰⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⢀⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⡸⠼⡿⠿⠿⠯⠀⠀⢽⠀⣷⣿⣿⠺⣇⣗⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣾⡇⣸⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⡆⢸⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠈⢻⢿⣿⡠⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⢿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢹⢀⣧⣿⣿⣇⣿⡘⣿⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⢰⡇⠀⣿⣇⢾⠆⡄⠀⠸⠀⢀⢸⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠾⢸⣿⣇⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠑⠒⡪⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣏⣴⣿⢾⣿⣿⠀⠀⡈⡇⠀⡍⠙⢺⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⠀⠀⠀⠉⠩⠟⠿⠋⢹⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠏⣿⠉⠋⠉⠉⡇⠀⠤⠄⢸⠈⣟⢿⣿⠁⠷⡟⡼⣿⢽⠀⠀⠇⠇⠀⣇⠀⠘⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣶⠀⠀⢀⣿⠤⠀⠀⢸⡤⡴⣸⡿⠀⠀⡇⢇⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠂⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣀⠀⢸⣷⠈⢿⣿⠀⢡⠱⡔⠈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⡤⢔⠁⠀⠀⠈⡇⢸⢟⡎⣾⢹⡀⡇⠀⡧⡰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⢸⠈⠉⠉⠙⠓⠓⠀⠻⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠄⢠⣿⠁⢳⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠛⠿⠿⠀⣿⡏⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⢀⠜⠁⣤⣤⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠧⠀⣿⢿⡿⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠒⢲⠂⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠿⠏⠋⠃⠸⠿⢿⡟⢽⠙⣿⢏⠢⢇⣄⠀⡇⠸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣿⡟⢻⢿⠒⠀⠟⡾⠓⠀⡜⢿⠻⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣦⢠⣾⢿⣶⠁⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠏⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠈⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢰
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸
⠛⠛⠀⠀⠘⢰⣭⣥⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣤⢀⠀⠀⠀⣒⣶⣖⣂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠉⠁⣤⠀⣀⢀⣤⣤⠈⠉⣀⡆⣆⢰⡖⣴⡀⠀⠀⢰⢶⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠀⣽⡇⠀⢰⣶⢀⠀⢠⣦⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡇⠀⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣼⢸⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⡏⢾⣷⣿⣄⡀⣀⣼⣾⣧⡇⠀⢀⠀⡀⢾⣿⠀⣇⠀⡀⣼⣹⠀⠀⡄⡴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⢄⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣭⢼⣿⡆⠀⠉⠙⠇⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣷⠅⢸⣿⠀⡟⡇⡇⣿⡟⠰⠀⠃⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⢸⣯⣿⣤⣽⣇⠀⠀⢸⠢⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⣿⡧⠀⡟⣿⡁⢸⡿⢀⣏⣋⡇⣸⣇⡇⣷⣿⣸⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠤⢼⠀⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠿⢿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠠⡝⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⠦⠀⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠀⠄⢒⠀⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣷⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⠀⡇⣿⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢘⠇⠈⠀⢸⣿⠇⠛⣿⢻⠃⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⢸⣰⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⢀⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⡸⠽⡿⠿⠿⠯⠀⠀⢽⠀⣷⣿⣿⠺⣇⣗⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣾⡇⣸⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⡆⢸⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠈⢻⢼⣿⡀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⢿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢹⢀⣷⣿⣿⣇⣿⡘⣿⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⢰⡇⠀⣿⣇⢾⠆⡄⠀⠸⠀⢀⢸⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⡾⢸⣿⣇⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠁⠂⢊⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣏⣴⣿⢾⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⡇⠀⡍⠉⢺⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⠟⠿⠋⢻⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠏⣿⠉⠋⠉⠉⡇⠀⠤⠄⢸⠈⣟⢿⣿⠁⠷⡝⡼⣿⢽⠀⠀⠇⠇⠀⣇⠀⠘⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣶⠀⠀⢀⣿⠤⠀⠀⢸⡤⡴⣸⡿⠀⠀⡇⢇⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠂⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⡀⠀⢸⣷⠈⢿⣿⠀⢡⠱⡔⠈⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⡤⢔⠁⠀⠀⠈⡇⢸⢟⡎⣾⢹⡀⡇⠀⡧⡰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⢸⠈⠉⠉⠙⠓⠓⠀⠻⠾⠦⠤⠤⠤⠄⢠⣿⠁⢳⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠃⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠱⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠛⠿⠿⠀⢮⡏⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⢀⡔⠁⣤⣤⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡧⠀⣿⢿⡿⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⢒⠂⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡿⠿⠏⠋⠫⠾⠿⢿⡿⢸⠙⣾⢯⠢⢇⣄⠀⡧⠸⠰⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣿⡏⢻⢿⠓⠀⠟⠾⠓⠀⡜⢿⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀
⣿⣿⢱⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠁⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠐⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢰
⣤⡅⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠘⢰⣯⣥⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣤⢠⠀⠀⠀⣲⣶⣖⣂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠈⠁⣴⠀⣠⢀⣤⡤⠈⠉⣀⡇⣦⢰⡆⣦⡀⠀⠀⢰⢶⣤⡆⠀⣀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠀⣹⡅⠀⢠⣶⢠⠀⢠⣦⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡇⠀⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢘⣻⣼⢸⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⡟⢾⣿⣿⡆⠀⣀⣼⣾⣧⡇⠀⢰⠀⡀⢾⣿⠀⣇⠀⡀⣼⢹⡀⠀⡈⡸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢙⣿⢀⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⢈⡛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣬⢸⣿⡆⠀⠉⠉⡇⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢸⣰⠆⢸⣿⠀⡿⡇⡇⢸⡟⠰⠀⢁⢇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢸⣯⣿⣦⣽⣇⠀⠀⢸⡆⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⠀⣻⢿⡁⢸⣿⢀⣏⣋⡇⣸⡇⡇⣷⣿⣸⣿⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠤⢼⠄⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠨⠘⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⠦⠀⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠄⢒⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣾⣶⣆⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⠀⡇⣿⣿⣷⡇⡇⠀⢸⡇⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡗⠘⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠛⣿⡯⠃⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠀⠀⢸⣠⣿⡇⠀⠁⢈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡼⡿⠿⠿⠯⠀⠀⣿⠀⣧⣿⣿⢺⣧⣗⡄⢸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⡇⣰⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⡆⠀⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠈⠀⢸⠀⣇⣿⣿⣇⣿⠈⣿⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⠰⡇⠀⣸⡇⢾⡆⡄⠀⠘⠀⣇⢰⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⣎⢀⣏⣇⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠱⠲⡚⢀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣏⣴⣿⢾⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⡇⠀⡍⠉⢺⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣛⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣰⠏⣿⠉⠋⠉⠉⣧⠀⠨⢍⢸⠏⡟⢿⣿⠁⠷⡝⡸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠇⡇⠀⣇⠀⢸⠀⠇⠀⠀⠆⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠟⠁⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢀⣿⣶⠀⠀⢀⣿⡤⠀⠀⢸⡤⡼⣸⡯⠀⠀⡇⠇⣇⢻⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣖⠀⢸⣧⠈⢯⣷⠀⢡⠰⡷⠈⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡍⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⢻⣿⣿⡤⢔⠉⠈⠀⠈⠁⢸⢻⡎⣾⢹⡄⡎⠀⡷⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⢹⡇⢸⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠓⠀⠛⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠄⢀⣿⠁⢳⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠛⠿⠿⠀⢾⡏⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⢀⠔⠁⣤⣤⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡧⠀⣿⢿⡿⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⢒⠂⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡿⠿⠏⠋⠫⠼⠿⢿⡿⢼⠙⣾⢯⠢⢇⣄⠀⡧⠸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣿⡟⢻⢿⠓⠀⠟⡾⠓⠀⡜⢿⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀
⣿⣿⢱⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡿⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠁⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠐⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢰
⣶⡅⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠘⢰⣭⣥⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣤⢠⠀⠀⠀⣲⣶⣖⣂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠈⠁⣴⠀⣀⢀⣦⣤⠈⠉⣀⡇⣦⢰⡖⣦⡀⠀⠀⢰⢶⣤⡆⠀⣀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠀⣹⡅⠀⢠⣶⢠⠀⢠⣦⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡇⠀⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢘⣻⣼⢸⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⡟⢾⣿⣿⡆⡀⢀⣼⣾⣧⡇⠀⢸⠀⡀⢾⣿⠀⣇⠀⡀⣼⢹⡀⠀⡈⡸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢙⣿⢀⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⢘⡛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣬⢼⣿⡆⠀⠉⠉⡇⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⢸⣰⠆⢸⣿⠀⡿⡇⡇⢸⡟⠰⠀⢁⢇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢸⣯⣿⣦⣽⣇⠀⠀⢸⡇⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⠀⢻⢿⡁⢸⣿⢀⣏⣋⡇⣸⣇⡇⣷⣿⣸⣿⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠠⢼⠆⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠆⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠨⠘⠀⢸⡇⢨⣿⠦⠀⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠀⠄⢒⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣾⣶⣆⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡸⠀⡇⣿⣿⣷⡇⡇⠀⢸⣇⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡗⠘⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠛⣿⣯⠃⠀⠌⢸⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠀⠀⠸⣤⣿⡇⠀⠁⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠼⡿⠿⠿⠯⠀⠀⣾⠀⣧⣿⣿⢺⣧⣗⣄⢸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⡇⢰⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⡆⠀⣿⢾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠈⢻⢿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣇⣿⣿⣇⣿⠈⣿⢼⣿⡏⠀⠀⢰⡇⠀⣼⡇⢾⡆⡄⠀⠘⠁⣇⢰⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⣎⢀⣟⣇⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠁⠖⣚⢀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣏⣴⣿⢾⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⡇⠀⡉⠉⢺⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣋⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣰⡏⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⣧⠀⠨⢌⢸⠏⡟⢿⣿⠁⠿⡟⡸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠇⡇⠀⣇⠀⢸⠀⠇⠀⠀⠇⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠟⠃⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⣿⣴⠀⠀⢠⣿⣤⠀⢘⢸⡤⡼⣸⡯⠀⠀⡇⠇⣇⢻⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣔⠄⢸⣧⠈⢯⣷⠀⢡⠰⡷⠈⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡍⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠻⣿⣿⡤⢔⠉⠈⠀⠀⠁⢸⢻⡎⣾⢹⡄⡎⠀⡷⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⢹⡇⢸⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠓⠀⠛⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠄⢀⣿⠃⢳⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠈⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠛⠿⠿⠀⢺⡏⣛⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢀⡔⠁⣤⣤⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣧⣿⣼⡧⠀⣿⢿⡿⠀⢀⣿⣿⠂⠀⠐⢒⠂⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡿⠿⠏⠋⠫⠼⠿⢿⡿⢸⠈⣾⢯⡢⠇⣄⠀⡦⠸⠰⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⢿⡏⢻⢿⠓⠀⠛⠾⠓⠀⡜⢿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠁⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢠
⣦⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠈⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠘⢰⣭⣥⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣴⢠⠀⠀⠀⣶⣆⣐⣂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠈⠁⣤⣀⣀⢀⣤⣤⠈⠉⣀⡇⣰⢰⡤⣦⡄⠀⠀⢠⢶⢴⡄⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣶⡀⢩⠑⠀⢠⣦⢠⠀⢠⣦⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡇⠀⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠘⣻⣼⣸⣿⠀⠀⣤⣿⡇⣿⢾⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣸⣼⣾⡇⠀⢸⠀⢀⠾⣿⠀⣾⠀⡠⢸⢹⡀⠀⠈⡸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⣿⠀⣿⡞⠀⠀⠀⡛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣬⢸⣿⡇⠀⠉⠉⡇⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣸⠆⢀⣿⠀⡾⡏⡇⢸⡟⠰⠐⢠⢇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢸⣯⣿⣦⣽⣇⠀⠀⢰⡇⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣻⣿⣿⡿⠀⢸⢿⡁⢸⣿⠀⣯⣋⡃⣸⣇⡇⣷⣾⣼⣿⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠤⢼⡆⡿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡎⠯⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⠘⠀⢸⡏⢠⣿⠦⠀⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠄⢺⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣶⣧⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢨⠁⡇⣼⣿⣷⡇⡇⠀⢸⣇⡏⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡗⠘⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠋⠋⣯⡯⠃⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠘⣄⣿⡅⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⢼⠀⣧⣿⣿⢾⣡⣱⡄⢸⣼⣇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⡇⣠⠀⠀⠀⢸⡸⡆⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠈⢃⡿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠁⠀⢠⠀⠈⠀⢸⠀⣇⣿⣿⣇⣿⠈⣷⢼⣿⡏⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⢸⡇⡾⡇⡀⠀⠈⠇⡇⢠⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⣎⢃⣟⣇⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠁⠒⠚⠀⣿⢿⣿⣿⡎⣴⣿⢾⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⡇⠀⠈⠉⢺⠀⠂⠀⠀⡁⠁⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠉⢉⣋⣹⣿⣿⣿⠋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣰⡏⢻⠉⠋⠉⠉⣷⠀⠠⢬⢀⡇⣏⣿⣽⠃⠷⠿⠸⡿⡿⠆⠀⠇⠇⠀⣆⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⢹⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠟⠁⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⠃⣼⣴⠀⠀⠀⣿⣤⠀⠘⢸⡧⡼⣽⡡⠇⠐⠇⠇⡇⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡦⠀⢸⣧⠈⢯⣷⠀⢡⠺⡷⠈⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠻⣿⣿⡤⢔⠋⠘⠀⠀⠁⢸⢻⡎⣼⢹⡄⡎⠀⡷⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠩⠁⠀⠈⠉⢉⡅⢸⠀⠉⠋⠙⠛⠓⠀⠛⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⣿⠋⢳⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠱⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠓⠚⠿⠿⠦⢸⡇⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣿⣿⣿⣇⡴⠁⣤⣤⣼⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣟⣿⣼⡧⠀⢸⡿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠘⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡿⠷⠯⠙⠹⠜⠿⢿⣿⢸⠃⣿⡿⡢⠅⣀⠀⡶⠸⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢻⢿⠗⠀⠸⠻⠓⠀⡸⣿⠏⠇⠀⠀⢀⠃⠀
⣿⣿⢱⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠉⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣍⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣦⡅⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⣿⢀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⢠⣭⣭⣴⠀⠉⡅⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⣲⣶⣀⣂⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠈⠁⣰⣀⣀⡄⣦⣄⠈⠉⣀⡆⢰⡀⣴⣆⡄⠀⠀⠀⢦⢴⡤⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⣶⡀⢩⠱⠀⠀⣦⣤⠀⢠⣤⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠩⡿⠀⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢘⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣾⣧⣿⡄⠀⣤⣿⡇⣼⢸⣿⣾⡇⣀⢀⣸⣼⣼⡇⠀⢈⢀⢀⠺⣿⠀⢼⠀⡠⢸⢸⡄⠀⢸⢸⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣟⡆⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣬⠸⣿⡇⠀⠉⠉⡇⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢽⣸⡦⠀⣿⠀⣾⠏⠇⢸⡾⠘⡐⢸⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢀⣯⣿⣧⣼⣇⠀⠀⢐⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⢻⡁⢰⣿⠀⣿⣙⡀⢸⣇⣇⣰⣾⣾⣿⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⢧⣼⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠠⠼⡇⡿⢟⣿⡿⣿⡌⠇⢏⣿⣿⡿⠀⠸⠸⠀⢸⣿⢀⣿⠦⡄⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢼⠀⠠⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⡇⡧⣸⡿⣧⡟⡇⠄⢸⣸⡿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠘⡏⠀⠁⢸⢝⠏⠋⣏⡏⡏⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢼⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸⡹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⢸⠀⣧⣿⣿⢿⣰⣰⡆⢸⣸⣇⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⡸⡆⠀⡟⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠁⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣾⠁⠀⠀⠠⡄⠈⠀⠸⠀⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⠁⣷⢄⣿⡿⡆⠀⠰⡇⠀⢸⡇⡾⡇⠀⠀⠈⡆⡇⢀⣷⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⢋⢇⣿⣧⣄⣰⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⠐⠲⢚⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⣴⣻⢾⣿⣿⡏⠀⡀⡇⠀⢨⠁⢓⠁⠸⠀⠀⡇⠃⡘⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⡉⠝⢿⣿⣿⢃⠌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢠⡏⢹⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠠⢬⠀⡇⣏⣿⣽⡇⠯⢻⢸⡿⡯⠇⠀⠇⠁⠀⢸⡀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⢱⢹⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡇⣼⢰⡆⠀⠀⣿⣤⡄⢸⠀⡧⢾⣿⣠⡇⠐⢸⠇⣇⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠁⢹⢸⣿⣾⠇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣽⠀⠀⣧⠈⣯⣿⠀⢠⠞⡶⠉⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢹⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣹⣿⣦⢔⠊⠘⠀⠀⢱⢰⢻⣞⡼⡟⡄⠈⠀⡗⣄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠉⠩⠅⠀⠈⠉⢹⡇⢸⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠓⠀⠚⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡋⢹⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠱⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠑⠚⠿⠿⠆⢸⣇⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⡿⣿⣇⡴⠁⣤⣤⣼⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡧⠀⢸⡿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠘⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠷⠯⠙⠹⠰⠿⢿⣿⢸⠇⢿⡿⡲⠥⣀⠀⡸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠻⢿⠗⠀⠸⢻⠓⠀⠸⣿⡟⠇⠀⠈⢀⠏⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠉⢸⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣦⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⢀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⣯⣽⣴⡄⠉⡁⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣦⣂⣂⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠈⠁⢰⡄⣀⡄⣦⣤⠈⠉⣀⡄⢰⡀⣴⢆⡄⠀⠀⠀⣦⢴⡴⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⣶⡄⢩⢱⠀⠀⣦⣄⠀⢀⣤⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⠀⠨⡿⠀⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠈⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡻⣾⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⡇⢸⢸⡿⣾⡇⣀⢀⣸⣼⣼⡇⠀⡀⢀⢀⠪⣿⠁⢸⠀⢠⢰⢸⠄⠀⢸⢸⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣏⡆⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣬⠸⣽⡇⠀⠉⠉⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢁⣸⡤⠀⣿⠀⣾⢏⠇⢸⡾⠘⡐⢸⢸⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣠⣶⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢀⣯⣿⣧⣼⣇⡀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⢹⣁⠀⣿⠀⣿⣙⡀⢸⣇⣇⢰⣾⣞⣿⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠠⠼⡇⣿⢿⣿⡯⣿⡉⠳⠇⣿⣿⠿⠀⠨⠸⠀⢰⣿⢀⣿⠦⡄⢸⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⠇⣧⢸⡿⣇⡿⡇⠄⢸⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠈⡏⠀⠁⢸⢹⠟⠀⣟⡏⡏⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⢸⡹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⣼⠀⣧⣿⣿⣿⢸⣰⡆⠘⣸⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⡸⡆⠀⡟⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠁⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡾⠁⠄⠀⠀⡄⠈⠀⠘⠀⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⠁⣷⢄⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡏⡴⡇⠀⠀⠈⡆⡇⠀⣧⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⢪⢇⣿⣧⣄⣠⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⢰⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠐⠂⠚⡁⡿⣿⣿⣿⡮⣴⢻⡞⣿⣿⡇⠀⢈⡇⠀⢨⠁⠓⠃⠸⠀⠀⡇⠃⡀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⡉⠕⠈⠛⠛⢋⠞⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢠⡏⢹⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠠⢼⠀⡇⣟⣿⣽⡇⠫⢻⢠⡿⡧⡇⠀⠃⠀⠀⢸⡀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠁⢹⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣾⡇⣸⢰⡆⠀⠀⣿⣤⡄⠨⠀⡧⢾⢟⣩⡇⡐⢸⠏⡇⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⢹⢹⣿⡾⠇⠀⢀⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⣧⠈⣿⣿⠃⢠⠞⣦⠉⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢹⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣽⣿⣦⠄⡘⠸⠀⠀⢱⢰⠿⣞⡸⡟⠄⠈⠀⢗⣄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠉⠩⠕⠀⠈⠉⠉⡍⢸⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠀⠚⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⢹⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢗⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡄⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠑⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠙⠚⠻⠿⠆⢸⣇⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣯⡇⡰⠁⣤⣤⣼⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡷⠀⢸⡿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠯⠙⠹⠰⠿⢿⣿⢸⠇⢿⡿⡲⠼⣀⠀⠸⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠻⢿⠗⠀⠸⢻⠓⠀⠸⣿⡟⠇⠀⠀⢀⠏⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠙⢰⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⢀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⣯⣽⣴⡄⠉⣁⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⠁⢠⡄⣀⡄⣦⣤⠈⠉⣀⡄⢰⡀⣴⢦⡆⠀⠀⠀⣦⢴⢴⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⣶⡄⢩⢱⠀⠀⣦⡄⡀⢀⣤⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠨⡽⠀⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠈⡻⣏⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⡇⢸⢸⣿⣾⡇⣀⢀⣸⣼⣼⣌⠀⠀⢀⢀⠲⣿⡇⢸⡀⢠⢰⢸⠆⠀⢸⢸⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣷⡇⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣛⡣⣶⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣬⡰⣿⡇⠀⠉⠉⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⣸⡦⠀⣿⠁⣼⢫⢃⢸⣾⠘⠐⢸⢸⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣹⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⢀⣯⣿⣧⣼⣇⡀⠀⠀⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⢹⣁⠀⣿⠀⣽⣙⡀⢸⣿⣆⢰⣾⣎⣿⡄⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠿⡿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠠⠴⡇⣿⢿⣿⡯⣿⠙⠱⠇⣿⣿⠿⠀⠸⠸⠀⢀⣿⠀⣿⠦⡄⢸⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠠⢸⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⡇⣾⢸⡿⣇⣿⠆⠄⢸⣹⣼⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⡏⠀⠁⢸⢿⡟⠀⣟⡟⡏⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠂⠀⠀⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⡻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⣼⡀⣧⢿⣿⣿⢸⣸⡆⠘⣼⣏⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⣸⡆⠀⡟⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠁⡇⣿⣷⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡼⠁⠀⠀⠀⡄⠈⠀⠘⠇⣿⣿⣿⡎⣼⠃⣷⠆⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡿⡴⡇⢐⠀⠈⡆⡇⠀⣇⣃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢻⠇⣿⣧⣤⡤⠿⢿⡿⠃⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⢠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠘⠒⠚⡀⡿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣴⢻⡞⣿⣿⡏⠀⢀⡇⠀⢨⠁⠓⠃⢸⠀⠀⠃⠃⠁⣟⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡉⠕⠀⠀⠀⢀⠎⢄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⢠⡏⢹⠉⠉⠉⠁⣿⠀⠠⢬⠀⡇⣛⣿⣽⡇⠫⢻⢠⡿⡧⡇⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣼⡇⣸⢰⡆⠀⠀⣿⣤⠄⠀⠀⡧⢾⢏⣹⡇⡆⢸⠬⡇⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡇⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⢻⣻⣿⣾⠇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣧⠈⣿⣿⠇⢠⠞⣦⠉⡙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢹⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠡⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣽⣿⣧⢄⡚⠸⠀⠀⢹⢀⡿⣖⡸⡏⠆⠘⠀⢟⢄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠩⠕⠀⠈⠉⠉⡋⢸⠆⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠂⠚⠺⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⢹⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢷⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⠐⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠉⠙⠚⠻⠿⠇⢸⡧⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⡇⡰⠃⣤⣤⣼⢻⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢴⡷⠀⢸⡿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠙⠹⠐⠿⢿⣿⢸⠇⢿⡿⡳⠼⣀⠀⢸⠀⠃⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠻⢿⠗⠀⠸⢻⠛⠀⠰⣿⡟⠇⠀⠀⢀⠏⠀
⣿⣿⢱⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠙⢰⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⢀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⣯⣽⣴⡆⠉⢁⠀⣠⡄⡀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⠁⢰⡄⢀⡄⣦⣤⠈⠉⣀⣴⢰⡀⣴⢦⡆⠀⠀⠀⣦⢴⢼⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡄⢩⢱⠀⠀⣦⡄⡀⢀⣤⣴⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢽⠀⣾⣧⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢀⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⡻⣇⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⡗⢸⢹⣿⣾⡇⣀⢀⣸⣿⣼⣬⠀⠀⢀⢀⠰⣿⡇⢸⡀⢠⢠⢸⠇⠀⢸⢨⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⡆⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣬⡝⠀⢹⣿⣧⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣬⡰⣿⣇⠀⠉⠉⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⣸⡦⠀⣿⠃⣼⢫⢢⢸⣾⠘⠐⢸⢸⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠠⠆⢀⣯⣿⣧⣬⣯⡀⠀⠀⡇⣼⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⢻⣉⠀⣿⠀⣹⣙⡈⢸⣿⣸⢸⣾⣏⣿⡆⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠉⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠠⠤⡇⢻⢿⣿⣯⣿⠙⠱⠇⣿⣿⠿⠀⠘⠸⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⠾⡄⢸⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠠⠘⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⡇⣸⢸⡿⣎⣿⠄⠀⢰⢹⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⠀⡟⠀⠁⢸⢿⡟⠀⣿⡟⡟⠀⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡇⠀⠀⡇⣿⣧⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢠⡻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⣸⡄⣿⢿⣿⣗⢸⣸⡆⠈⣼⣟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⣸⡆⠀⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠇⠀⠁⡇⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⡼⠃⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠈⡇⣿⣾⣿⡞⣼⣃⣷⡆⣿⣿⡇⠀⠰⡇⠀⢸⡿⡴⡇⢰⠀⠀⡆⡂⡀⣇⣇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢻⠇⣿⣿⣤⣶⠗⠀⠙⠁⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠘⠐⢊⡁⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣵⢻⡟⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⡇⠀⢨⠁⠓⠃⢸⠀⠀⠃⠃⠁⣏⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠹⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢠⡏⢩⠋⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠰⠬⠀⡇⣛⣿⣿⡇⠫⢿⢠⣿⡯⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣸⡇⣘⢰⡆⠀⠀⣿⣤⡄⠀⠀⡧⢮⢇⣹⡇⡆⢸⠸⡄⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡇⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣼⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣧⡎⣻⣿⡇⢈⡎⣦⠉⡙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⢻⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠡⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠦⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣽⣿⣧⠴⡊⢸⠀⠀⢹⠀⡿⣗⡸⡏⢇⠘⠀⢛⢄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠩⠅⠀⠈⠉⢹⣉⠀⡇⠉⠉⠙⠛⠒⠂⠚⠺⠶⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⠹⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢯⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠊⠠⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠐⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠙⠚⠻⠿⠇⠸⡯⢨⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣧⡇⡠⠃⢠⣤⣼⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢶⡷⠄⢸⡿⣿⠆⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠙⠙⠐⠿⢿⣿⢸⡇⢿⡿⡓⠼⣠⡀⢸⠀⠇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠛⡿⡗⠀⠸⢻⠟⠀⠰⡿⡟⠇⠀⠀⢀⡏⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣦⢠⣾⢿⣶⠙⢰⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡟⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⣯⣽⣤⡆⠉⢡⠀⢠⡄⡄⠀⠀⢀⣀⣶⣦⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠉⠁⢐⡄⣀⡄⣦⣤⠈⠉⣀⣴⢰⡀⣶⢦⣆⠀⠀⠀⣦⣤⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡆⢩⢷⠀⠀⣶⡆⡀⠀⣴⣴⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢽⠀⢼⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣇⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⡟⢸⢱⣿⣾⣇⣀⢀⣸⣿⣾⣼⠀⠀⠀⢀⠰⣿⡇⢸⡀⢠⢠⣟⡇⠀⢰⢠⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⡇⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣬⡰⣿⣧⠀⠈⠁⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡦⠀⣿⠃⣸⢫⢸⢸⣿⠈⠀⢸⢸⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⡠⠆⠀⣯⣽⣧⣬⣯⡀⠀⠀⡇⣼⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⢻⣍⠀⣿⠀⣹⣙⡹⢀⣿⣸⢸⣾⣏⣿⡆⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣧⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠉⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠠⠴⡇⢸⢿⣿⣯⣿⠹⠰⠇⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⠿⡄⢸⣿⣵⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡇⠠⠘⡀⢸⡟⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⡃⢸⢸⡿⣏⣿⠀⠀⢰⣹⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⡿⠀⠁⠘⣿⡟⠘⣻⡟⡟⠀⠰⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⡇⣿⣧⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⢸⡇⣿⢾⣿⣗⢿⣸⡂⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⣸⡇⠀⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠁⡇⣿⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⡸⠃⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠈⡇⣿⣾⣿⡞⣼⡇⣷⡗⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⣇⠀⢸⣿⡰⡇⢰⠀⠀⡇⠀⡀⣇⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡄⠀⢹⡇⣿⣷⣾⠟⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠈⠐⠒⡁⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⢻⡗⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⠏⠀⢸⠉⠓⡇⢸⠀⠀⠃⠀⠁⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠇⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⡎⢩⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠰⠤⠁⡇⣻⡿⣿⡇⠻⢿⢡⢿⡯⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠃⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⣸⡇⡘⢱⡆⠀⠀⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⡧⢮⢆⣿⡇⡆⢸⢸⣈⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡇⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⣿⣾⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣷⡎⣻⣿⡇⠈⡌⣦⠉⡹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⢻⢀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡅⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣽⣿⣧⠴⡊⢸⠀⠀⢹⠀⡿⣗⡹⡇⢇⠘⠀⢘⢄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠩⠅⠀⠈⠉⠙⣍⠀⡇⠉⠉⠉⠛⠒⠂⠚⠾⠶⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⠸⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢧⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠈⢠⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠘⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠙⠚⠻⠿⠇⢸⣽⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣇⡇⡰⠇⣠⣤⣴⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡿⠄⢸⡿⣿⠆⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠐⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠙⠙⠐⠿⢿⣿⢫⡏⢿⡿⡓⠼⣠⡀⢸⠀⠇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠛⡿⡗⠂⠸⢳⠟⠂⢰⠻⡟⠃⠀⠀⢀⡏⠀
⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠙⢰⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡏⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠂⠀⣯⣽⣤⡆⠉⢡⠀⢠⡆⡄⠀⠀⢀⣰⣷⣆⠠⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⡀⠉⠉⢐⡆⣀⡄⣴⣠⠈⠉⣀⣴⢰⡀⣶⢢⣆⠀⠀⠀⡶⣤⢾⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣶⡆⢩⣷⠀⠀⣶⡆⡄⠀⣴⣴⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢽⠀⢸⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠫⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⢸⢱⣿⣾⣧⣀⢀⣰⣷⣿⣼⠀⠀⣆⢀⠰⣿⡇⢸⡀⢀⢠⣏⡇⠀⢠⢠⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢹⡧⢸⣿⠃⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⡸⣿⣧⠀⠈⠁⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡮⠀⣿⠇⢸⢻⢸⢸⣿⠃⠂⢸⢸⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣀⣶⣽⣧⣤⣿⡀⠀⠀⡇⣼⣻⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⢻⣏⠀⣿⠀⣹⣙⣹⢠⣿⣸⢸⣾⣇⣿⡇⠈⣴⠀⠄⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠴⡇⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠸⠇⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⢼⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⡿⠄⢸⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⢀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡇⠠⠐⡇⢸⣿⡀⠐⣄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⡇⢸⢸⣿⣟⣿⠀⠀⠠⣹⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⡻⠀⠁⠈⣿⡟⠘⢻⡿⡟⠀⠘⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡇⠀⠀⣇⢸⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⣸⡇⣸⣾⣿⣗⢿⣸⡂⡀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢰⣿⢧⠀⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⢀⠘⡟⢸⣿⠠⠐⢘⠯⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠈⡇⣾⣾⣿⣿⣸⣇⣿⡗⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⡰⡷⢠⠀⠀⠇⠀⡄⣏⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠸⡇⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠩⠏⠁⠀⢒⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⠀⠶⢖⡁⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣿⡗⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣟⠀⢸⠉⠓⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠡⠄⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠏⠉⠉⠁⣸⠀⠠⠥⠁⡇⢹⡻⣿⡇⠹⢾⢣⢿⡯⡇⠀⠘⠸⠀⢸⡀⠀⠃⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡃⠀⢱⡆⠀⠀⣿⣦⣄⠠⠀⣧⢤⢆⣿⡇⠀⢸⢸⣸⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢠⣼⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠁⠀⣷⡆⡻⣿⡇⠈⡌⣦⠂⠱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⢀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣾⣿⣧⡤⡚⢹⠀⠀⢹⠀⡿⣳⢹⡇⢇⢘⠀⢸⢄⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠈⠅⠀⠈⠉⢹⣯⠀⡇⠉⠉⠉⠙⠚⠂⠘⠞⠷⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⠸⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢻⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠘⢠⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠘⣤⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠙⠚⠻⠿⠇⠸⣝⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣧⡇⡠⠇⣠⣤⣴⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢧⡿⠄⢸⡿⣿⠆⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠐⠒⡖⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠙⠙⠐⠿⢿⣿⢫⡇⢿⡿⡓⠼⣠⡀⢸⠀⠇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠛⡿⡗⠂⠸⢳⠟⠂⢰⠻⡟⠃⠀⠀⢀⡏⠀
⣿⡿⢰⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⡾⣷⡆⣶⣆⣶⡆⠀⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣷⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢠⣾⢿⣶⠙⢰⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣆⣶⣿⣶⣰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠁⠀
⣿⡏⢸⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣿⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⢘⣛⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠁⢸⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠛⠛⠂⠀⠂⠀⣯⣽⣤⡆⠉⢡⠀⢠⡆⡄⠀⠀⢀⣰⣷⣆⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⡀⠉⠉⢐⡄⣀⡄⣴⣀⠌⠉⣀⣴⢰⡀⣶⢢⣆⠀⠀⠀⡶⣤⢾⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡆⢩⣷⠀⠀⣶⡆⡄⠀⣴⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢽⠀⢸⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢫⡇⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⢸⢱⣿⣾⣧⣀⢀⣰⣷⣿⣼⠀⠀⣄⢀⠰⣿⡇⢸⡀⢀⢠⣏⡇⠀⢠⢠⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢹⣧⢸⣿⠃⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⡸⣿⣧⠀⠈⠁⡇⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡶⠀⣿⠇⢸⢻⢸⢸⣿⠃⠆⢸⢸⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣀⣶⣽⣧⣤⣿⡀⠀⠀⡇⣼⣻⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠀⢘⢻⣏⠀⣿⠀⣹⣙⣹⢠⣿⣸⢸⣾⣇⣿⡇⠀⣴⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠤⡇⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠸⠗⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⢼⠂⠀⣿⠀⣿⡿⡄⢸⣿⣽⣺⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⢀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡇⠠⠐⡇⢸⣿⠀⠐⣄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⡇⢸⢸⣿⣟⣿⠀⠀⠀⣹⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⡻⠀⠁⠈⣿⡟⠘⢻⡿⡟⠀⠘⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⣇⢸⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⣸⡇⣸⢾⣿⣗⢿⣸⡂⡀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢀⠀⢸⣿⢀⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⢧⠀⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⢀⠘⡟⢸⣿⠀⠊⠜⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠈⡇⣾⣾⣿⣿⣸⣇⣿⡗⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⡰⡧⢠⠀⠀⡇⠀⡄⣏⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠸⡇⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠩⠏⠁⠀⢒⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⠸⡖⢒⡁⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣱⣿⡗⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⠀⢸⠉⠓⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠡⠄⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠏⠉⠉⠁⣸⠀⠰⠦⠁⡇⢹⡻⣿⡇⠻⢾⢣⢿⡯⡇⠀⠘⠰⠀⢸⡀⠀⡃⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡃⠀⢱⡆⠀⠀⣿⣤⡄⠠⠁⣧⢤⢆⣿⡇⠀⢸⢸⣸⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢠⣼⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣷⡆⡻⣿⡇⠈⡌⣦⠂⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⢀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣾⣿⣧⡤⡚⢹⠀⠀⢹⠀⡿⣳⢹⡇⢇⠘⠀⢸⢄⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠉⠝⠀⠈⠉⢹⣯⠀⡇⠉⠉⠉⠙⠚⠂⠘⠾⠷⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⣿⡏⠸⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠘⢻⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡄⠀⠘⢠⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠈⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿
⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠘⠚⠻⠿⠇⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡿⣇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠤⣤⠀⣿⡿⣿⠟⢿⠻⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⠻⠿⠛⠻⢿⣿⣸⢤⡿⠄⢰⡬⡦⠀⠀⣸⡗⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⠿⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⢭⠀⠇⠻⠾⠑⠜⠀⠀⠰⠀⠃⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠉⠟⡗⠂⠀⠓⠗⠀⠠⠻⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡏⢰⣶⠶⣶⡶⣶⡆⣴⡶⣶⡄⣶⣆⣶⠆⠀⠶⣶⡶⢶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢠⣶⢶⣦⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⢶⣦⢠⣶⢷⣦⠀⠀⣶⡆⣶⢰⣶⡶⠶⢶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣰⣶⣶⣦⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠇⢸⣿⣶⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⣅⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣾⣟⢸⣿⠘⢛⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⠄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣶⡆⢸⣿⠀⢿⣧⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣽⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣺⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠃⠀⠀⠠⠀⣬⣥⣶⡆⠉⢡⣤⣤⡄⡄⣠⣶⢀⣀⣀⢀⢀⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⣄⠀⣠⡄⠈⠉⠀⠐⢠⡀⣤⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡄⠉⠄⠀⠀⢠⡄⡀⠀⣤⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠨⢿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠊⠀⠀⠙⢛⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠋⠟⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠐⣿⣾⣇⠀⠀⢀⣦⣦⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠸⡀⢀⠀⠇⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⢃⡀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣄⠀⠀⠀⡌⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢨⣿⣿⣿⣆⢸⣼⣿⣿⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠃⢸⢠⢸⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢑⣢⣌⣷⣠⡀⠀⢀⠀⣈⣾⣿⣷⣔⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣀⢇⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣻⡟⣿⣿⡏⠈⡏⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣿⠀⢸⡈⠈⠀⣾⢰⢰⣴⡇⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣣⣤⣸⣿⡀⠃⠀⠄⠀⢸⠻⢻⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠝⢿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣼⡗⠀⠀⣼⣱⠸⣼⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⡷⡆⠆⠀⠀⠀⢠⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠏⠙⠀⠹⡘⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢼⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢸⡁⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣋⣀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣸⣿⣾⠀⠀⢰⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠠⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡽⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡸⡿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠈⡐⣿⡿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣽⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠑⠁⡏⡇⠀⠀⠁⢻⠇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⢶⢿⣧⣯⡐⣒⣽⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⢠⠂⣇⡇⠀⢰⠠⠸⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣮⣿⠬⠙⣻⣿⣿⡇⠘⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠹⣽⡇⠀⡀⢆⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⡇⣀⣼⣿⣿⠿⠗⠓⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣳⠱⡇⠃⠐⠀⢸⢄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣺⡿⠋⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠉⠉⠉⠈⠒⠂⠘⠒⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠘⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣠⠀⢸⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿
⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠀⠀⠃⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⢿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⡟⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⡿⠿⣿⠛⢿⠻⠛⠻⠿⠿⠗⠚⠛⠃⠻⢿⣿⢸⢤⡯⠄⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⢸⡗⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠠⠞⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠈⠟⠗⠀⠀⠂⠃⠀⠀⠹⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡏⢰⣶⠶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣴⡶⣶⡄⣶⣆⣶⠆⠀⠶⣶⡶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢠⣶⢶⣆⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⢶⣦⢠⣶⢶⣦⠀⠀⣶⡄⣶⢰⣶⡶⠶⢶⣶⠶⣶⣠⣶⡆⣶⡆⣴⣶⣶⣰⣶⢶⣦⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠇⢸⣿⡶⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣶⣄⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣾⣟⢸⣿⠘⠛⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣶⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣶⡆⢸⣿⠀⢻⣧⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣷⣿⢻⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢹⣷⢨⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠻⠧⠤⠤⠤⠆⣬⣥⣶⡆⠈⢡⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣾⢀⣀⢀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣬⣉⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⣀⠀⣀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠉⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⡨⢽⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣰⠆⠁⠀⠀⠙⠇⠀⠸⣿⣟⡀⡀⠀⠀⡋⡇⠀⢾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣿⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⣄⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢀⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⢸⢿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣴⣶⣧⡀⢀⣠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢹⡟⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⢆⢀⠀⢰⡆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠶⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⠻⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⣨⠇⠀⠀⡸⢠⠀⣸⣧⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣉⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠣⡆⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠸⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⢼⣣⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠈⠁⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣸⣿⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⡽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠐⠀⠋⠆⠀⠀⠀⠹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠕⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠠⠂⡁⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⠀⠸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡀⠹⣹⠂⠀⠀⢄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⣼⡗⣀⣿⣿⠿⠯⠵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣡⠡⡇⠀⠀⠀⢘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⡇⡾⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠈⣦⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⡠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢸
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠙⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⡟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⡿⠿⢿⠓⢺⠻⠛⠻⠻⠛⠗⠒⠒⠃⠻⠿⡿⢸⠤⡧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠌⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠠⠎⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠈⠞⠗⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡏⢰⣶⠶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣰⡶⣶⡄⣶⡆⣶⠆⠀⠶⣶⡶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢠⣶⢶⡆⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⢶⣦⢠⣶⢶⣦⠀⠀⣶⡄⣶⢰⣶⠶⠰⢶⣶⠶⣶⣠⣶⡆⣶⡆⣴⡶⣶⢰⣶⢶⣦⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠇⢸⣿⡶⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣦⡄⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢾⣟⢸⣿⠘⠛⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣶⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣶⡆⢸⣿⠀⢻⣧⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣷⢨⣿⢨⣯⠀⠀⠀
⠿⢷⣤⣤⣤⠆⣬⣥⣶⣦⡈⢡⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣾⣄⣀⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢁⣴⣆⠀⢠⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢀⡀⢠⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣰⡆⠁⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣭⣤⡀⡃⣷⡄⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⡿⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⣄⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠦⠀⢒⠒⢠⡶⠆⢀⡀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⡀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢀⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠸⢿⣮⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣾⣾⡟⢛⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣴⣼⣿⡟⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢰⡄⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠻⡛⢹⠿⠻⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⠇⠀⠀⠸⢀⠀⣸⣇⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣁⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠣⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢼⣣⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣸⣿⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡼⡽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢏⣿⡏⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠠⡁⠃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠠⠂⡃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠝⠻⠛⠛⠛⠉⣿⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡀⠑⣹⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⣴⣿⣸⣿⡷⠬⠭⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣡⠡⡃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⢠⠀⠠⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠈⣦⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⡠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡟⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⡷⠿⠿⠓⢺⠺⠛⠻⠻⠚⠇⠒⠀⠀⠻⠷⡏⢸⠤⡧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠞⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠈⠞⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⡏⢰⣶⠶⣶⡆⣶⡆⣰⡶⣶⡄⣶⡆⣶⠆⠀⠶⣶⡶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢠⣶⢶⡆⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⢶⣦⢠⣶⢶⣦⠀⠀⣶⡄⣶⢰⣶⠶⠰⢶⣶⠶⣶⢠⣶⡆⣶⡆⣴⡶⣶⠐⣶⢶⣦⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀
⣿⠇⢸⣿⡶⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣦⡄⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢾⣟⢸⣿⠘⠛⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣶⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠃⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⢾⣟⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀
⣶⡆⢸⣿⠀⢻⣧⣿⡇⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡄⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣸⡿⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢠⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣷⢨⣿⢨⣯⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠧⠤⢤⠤⠆⣬⣥⣶⣶⠈⠁⣤⣤⣤⢠⣠⣾⣄⣀⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠳⢠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣤⣤⣩⣤⣶⣤⣀⣄⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠭⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣁⣤⠁⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢢⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣶⣿⣿⣆⠀⠠⠀⠀⠚⠋⠉⠁⠀⠹⣿⣿⠟⣿⠋⠉⠁⠈⠈⢹⠁⡟⠛⣽⠀⠀⠐⢻⣮⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣶⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣷⣘⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢹⡷⢲⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠄⡀⢸⠋⠹⡛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⢻⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡨⠅⠀⠀⠘⢀⠀⢸⣅⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⢸⣿⠏⣿⡏⠉⠁⡃⠀⠀⠠⠀⣿⠠⡁⡃⡆⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⠛⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⢠⠋⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠉⠙⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⣿⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠹⣹⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⠿⠦⠄⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⠃⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣡⠡⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⢶⡄⠃⢠⠀⠠⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣦⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⠛⠛⠉⠀⢠⣿⠏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡰⡀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⡐⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠠⡆⠈⠈⠻⠀⠀⠀⠹⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 717

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/irc-log-110621/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/irc-log-110621/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_June_11,_2021⠀✐


Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:03 am by Needs Sunlight


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_


                                         #techrights_log_as_HTML5                                                                                  #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_


                                    #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5                                                                               #techbytes_log_as_HTML5


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_


                                          #techrights_log_as_text                                                                                   #boycottnovell_log_as_text


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_


                                     #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text                                                                                #techbytes_log_as_text


                          Enter_the_IRC_channels_now


===============================================================================
§ IPFS Mirrors⠀➾


CID                                              Description     Object type


                                                 IRC log for
 QmeFsfPJLcUGSXEvWY5kc31d3itspMRC7Pv8iQ51m98kP6 #boycottnovell  🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
                                                 (full IRC log
                                                 as HTML)


                                                 IRC log for
                                                 #boycottnovell
 QmdzoYFbAhz6sHSJg5n3Dr3vsfFJPUnM739jE9AGghmLKL (full IRC log   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
                                                 as plain/ASCII
                                                 text)


                                                 IRC log for
                                                 #boycottnovell-
 QmZ6d9MZuDiPq5ciASZi2kgVTEKFzDy7Ts6DLmZDp4ygC2 social          🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
                                                 (full IRC log
                                                 as HTML)


                                                 IRC log for
                                                 #boycottnovell-
 QmZwn9UrghiqzsSmzYMCCegrWdr7SZwd7JFnpxSQ7ryWH9 social          🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
                                                 (full IRC log
                                                 as plain/ASCII
                                                 text)


                                                 IRC log for
 QmTDpWh2efX24ZQN1ndoiFQGkE6Fhz56VNQ5zSGv5NsVDf #techbytes      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
                                                 (full IRC log
                                                 as HTML)


                                                 IRC log for
                                                 #techbytes
 QmPe6nD8fSubdx1SvtMNrHm38nPcbyDdZmQ7bNYyCKvdKg (full IRC log   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
                                                 as plain/ASCII
                                                 text)


                                                 IRC log for
 QmPvA3MMrdEd8oyfcVrxTFLrzJAhReA1Kozi3QEVJAVo8q #techrights     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈
                                                 (full IRC log
                                                 as HTML)


                                                 IRC log for
                                                 #techrights
 QmatRJ5zHKubQbMkV6U9ehQs9iWpj1B95BsYq1Q4w7G1dG (full IRC log   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈
                                                 as plain/ASCII
                                                 text)


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈


§ Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾


Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmXeVCbTbi5P1GkGm1gYJnWmeN4nbuehzDpz7Egwwm6Zy1



                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 831

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/kde-lookaround/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/kde-lookaround/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ With_KDE_Plasma_5.22_Having_Just_Been_Released_It’s_Time_to_Give_KDE_a_Try_
(or_Move_to_GNU/Linux,_Leveraging_the_Best_Features_of_Any_Operating_System_Out
There)⠀✐


Posted in GNU/Linux, KDE, Review at 6:14 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Video_download_link


http://techrights.org/videos/kde-plasma.webm


Summary: A quick recommendation of KDE based on a reasonably recent (but not
latest) build; there’s this myth about KDE being difficult and flaky, but for a
number of decades it has been the most advanced desktop (on any operating
system) and its developers managed to hide the complexity while offering users
all the power they may want/need


THERE is a new version of KDE Plasma out in the wild. Over the past few days ,
as the media caught on (some_examples_of_coverage, including videos of this
release), more and more distributions of GNU/Linux built and integrated it into
repositories and/or ISOs. KDE remains by far the most powerful desktop
environment (I’ve used plenty over the years, even for very long periods of
time) and this video shows some of the extensive sets of features that KDE
comes with by default, even without further add-ons or applications.


“It’s not daunting and complicated, at least not by default.”If you’re not a
GNU/Linux user, KDE isn’t a bad way to start. It’s not daunting and
complicated, at least not by default. It should not be scary anymore. It’s also
very stable (it’s rock-solid in Debian ‘Buster’/10). If you left KDE or
rejected KDE in the past (around a decade ago), maybe it’s time to revisit and
reassess. █



                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 880

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/mihaly-ficsor-past/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/mihaly-ficsor-past/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ Virtual_Injustice_—_Part_4:_Mihály_Ficsor,_the_EPO’s_Hungarian_“Fixer”⠀✐


Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Law, Patents at 12:09 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Previously in the series:


   1. Virtual_Injustice_—_Part_1:_António’s_Increasingly_Wonky_Legal_Fudge
      Factory
   2. Virtual_Injustice_—_Part_2:_The_ViCo_Oral_Proceedings_of_28_May_2021
   3. Virtual_Injustice_—_Part_3:_All_the_President’s_Men…
                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mihály_Ficsor⦈_
   Mihály Ficsor, former member of the EPO‘s Administrative Council and now
                     Principal Director in the EPO’s DG5.


Summary: One key operative of António_Campinos, who is fiercely in favour of
software_patents, has quite a colourful past and background


In this part, we begin our in-depth look at the head of the legal team
representing the President of the Office in G 1/21.


The focus of our attention here is Mihály Zoltán Fiscsor, a Principal Director
in the EPO’s Directorate General of Legal and International and Affairs.


To begin with, it’s important to note that Fiscor, who was born in Budapest in
1964, belongs to the “elite” of the IP world.


“Ficsor Senior was a protégé of Árpád Bogsch, the long-serving Director General
of the WIPO who headed the organisation from 1973 to 1997.”He is the son of
Mihály J. Ficsor, former Deputy Director General of the World Intellectual
Property Organisation (WIPO) in Geneva and a renowned international expert on
copyright law.


Ficsor Senior was a protégé of Árpád_Bogsch, the long-serving Director General
of the WIPO who headed the organisation from 1973 to 1997.


According to Wikipedia, Bogsch was “a Hungarian-American international civil
servant” who was born in Budapest in 1919 and “became an American citizen in
1959″.


However, the Wikipedia entry is very sketchy on biographical details and omits
some interesting facts.


“The “Internationale Rechtskammer” (IRK) was an international professional
association founded in Berlin in 1941 by Hitler’s personal legal adviser and
Governor-General of occupied Poland, Hans Frank, who was executed at Nuremberg
in October 1945.”It seems that Bogsch had to flee Hungary after the Second
World War because his father was targeted by the post-war_Communist_government
on account of his close links to the Nazi regime of Adolf Hitler.


More precisely, Bogsch’s father was one of the founding members and executive
chairman of the Hungarian chapter of the “Internationale_Rechtskammer”
(“International Law Chamber”) which was set_up_in_1942. [PDF]


The “Internationale Rechtskammer” (IRK) was an international professional
association founded in Berlin in 1941 by Hitler’s personal legal adviser and
Governor-General of occupied Poland, Hans_Frank, who was executed at Nuremberg
in October 1945. The IRK established a transnational network of lawyers and
legal scholars from states allied with or occupied by Nazi Germany.


The purpose of the exercise was to promote a pan-European, anti-liberal, and
fascist-corporatist vision of the international legal order. During World War
II, the Nazis used this network to pursue legal integration among the allied
and conquered states as part of their efforts to build a “New Order” in Europe.


After the war, Bogsch’s father was put on trial, convicted and sentenced to
prison on account of his collaboration with the Nazis.


“The purpose of the exercise was to promote a pan-European, anti-liberal, and
fascist-corporatist vision of the international legal order. During World War
II, the Nazis used this network to pursue legal integration among the allied
and conquered states as part of their efforts to build a “New Order” in
Europe.”Bogsch himself – who had graduated from law school in the early 1940s –
was also a member of the civil law section of the Hungarian chapter of the IRK.


After the war Bogsch managed to secure a posting abroad with UNESCO in Paris
and decided that it would be better for him not to return to Hungary as he was
likely to face a similar fate to his father.


In the end, this exiled son of a convicted Nazi collaborator managed to
reinvent himself as an American citizen in 1959. He rose to become a leading
figure in the post-war globalist IP racket as head of the WIPO, where he was
appointed Director General in 1973, by the Secretary-General of the United
Nations. At the time in question that position was occupied by none other than
the former Wehrmacht officer, Kurt_Waldheim from Austria.


      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Mihály_J._Ficsor__and_his_mentor,_Árpád_Bogsch⦈_
  Mihály J. Ficsor and his mentor, Árpád Bogsch, son of a convicted Hungarian
 wartime collaborator who reinvented himself as an “American” and became WIPO
                          supremo from 1973 to 1997.


One immediate beneficiary of Bogsch’s hegemony at the WIPO was his Hungarian
compatriot, Mihály J. Fiscsor, the father of the EPO’s Mihály Zoltán Fiscsor.
With Bogsch’s assistance and support, Ficsor Senior rose to the position of
Assistant Director General of the WIPO in charge of copyright and related
rights.


“One immediate beneficiary of Bogsch’s hegemony at the WIPO was his Hungarian
compatriot, Mihály J. Fiscsor, the father of the EPO’s Mihály Zoltán
Fiscsor.”Fiscsor Junior followed in his father’s footsteps by pursuing a high-
profile career in the world of IP administration, both at home in Hungary and
internationally.


Ficsor Junior was favoured in his endeavours by external political
circumstances, in particular the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 and the
emergence of Hungary as a prominent member of the so-called Visegrád_Group.


The Visegrád Group is a cultural and political alliance of four countries of
Central Europe: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Its aim is to
advance mutual co-operation in military, cultural, economic and energy matters
and to promote their integration into the EU.


                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Visegrád_Group⦈_
 Meeting of the heads of the IP offices of the Visegrád Group and neighbouring
                            countries in June 2011.


The heads of the IP Offices of the Visegrád Group meet on an annual basis and
the meetings typically include representatives from the IP Offices of
neighbouring countries such as Austria, Slovenia, and Croatia.


A photo-op from the June 2011 meeting shows [PDF] the director of the Hungarian
Intellectual Property Office (HIPO), Miklós Bendzsel, in close proximity to the
head of the Croatian IPO, Željko_Topić and his protégée, Ljiljana_Kuterovac.


The following year, during a visit by a delegation from the HIPO to the
Croatian State Intellectual Property Office in February 2012, Topić was
presented with the Hungarian Jedlik_Ányos_Award, shortly before he took up his
position as EPO Vice-President.


“Fiscsor Junior followed in his father’s footsteps by pursuing a high-profile
career in the world of IP administration, both at home in Hungary and
internationally.”Returning now to the main focus of our attention, Mihály
Zoltán Fiscsor started his career at the HIPO in 1988. He then worked as Head
of the European Community Law Department in the Hungarian Ministry of Justice
between 1995-1999 and took part in the negotiations on Hungary‘s accession to
the EU.


Ficsor then returned to the HIPO as deputy director, serving under Miklós
Bendzsel who held the position of HIPO director from 1997 to 2016.


As deputy director of the HIPO, Ficsor was the Hungarian representative on
various international bodies and committees dealing with IP matters, in
particular those established by the WIPO.


“In the next part we will see how Ficsor and his boss at the Hungarian IPO,
Miklós Bendzsel, became important allies of Benoît Battistelli on the EPO’s
Administrative Council during the period between 2009 and 2018.”Following
Hungary’s ratification of the European Patent Convention (2003) and its
accession to the EU (2004), Ficsor’s duties expanded to acting as a national
delegate on the governing bodies of the EPO and the EU trademark agency OHIM/
EUIPO in Alicante.


In the next part we will see how Ficsor and his boss at the Hungarian IPO,
Miklós Bendzsel, became important allies of Benoît_Battistelli on the EPO’s
Administrative Council during the period between 2009 and 2018. █


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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠒⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡉⠉⠉⣭⣭⣽⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⣧⣬⣶⣿⣊⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⢶⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠗⠂⠀⣾⣿⡀⠀⠲⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣯⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⢄⣀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣷⣤⣔⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣷⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⣈⠙⠛⠻⣿⣇⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠻⠿⠗⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡄⠀⠈⠉⢙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠲⠆⣀⡒⠶⠖⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣶⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⢠⣤⠤⣔⣶⣲⣶⢂⣀⣂⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⡀⠀⠰⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡿⠭⣗⣺⢿⢽⣽⡯⣕⠧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡅⠨⠇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢤⡵⠯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠐⣿⣿⢻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠍⣓⡂⠭⣝⣒⢏⡁⠇
⣿⠟⣻⡿⣷⡟⣿⣿⣼⢇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠛⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢃⠁⠐⢘⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠻⣾⠉⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⡟⠍⠝⠭⢒⠈⠡⠵⢮⠘⠁⠀
⣿⣠⡿⣴⣿⣶⣿⣿⠋⠁⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣏⣼⡇⡹⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⠏⠈⠰⠀⢀⢒⠂⠀⠩⠊⠀⠐⠐
⠃⠹⠉⣿⣫⣭⡿⠃⠀⠀⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣴⡟⢻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣶⣿⠃⢼⢿⣽⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⡀⡠⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣷⡿⢹⣿⢶⡿⠀⠐⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠃⠈⠙⢾⣿⣬⣿⣿⣼⣏⢦⣿⣄⣿⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣵⠖⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣰⡁⣾⣇⣨⡆⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠑⠀⠠⡴⠀⣠⡄⠉⣴⣾⠀⣸⠁⣻⠛⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢿⣻⣿⣈⣿⡃⠸⠿⠀⠿⠇⢀⠢⡤⠤⠼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⣭⠁⢀⣿⠋⢺⣿⠈⣿⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⢝⢿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⠉⠉⠉⣉⣽⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣏⡽⣿⣭⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠟⠉⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⣿⣿⣶⣺⣿⣿⣼⣿⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⣹⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣽⣾⣿⣿⣭⣽⣯⠳⣼⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣮⣽⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣾⠿⠿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣠⣠⢸⣿⣿⣧⡆⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡭⠀⠠⠴⠁⠀⣻⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⢛⣬⣭⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⡿⢷⠀⠀⠀⢠⡶⠀⠻⣏⢯⣿⠫⢉⠁⠻⠟⣽⢸⣿⣿⠶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣗⣂⠀⣿⠿⣛⡛⠿⣟⣓⣒⣾⡷⢿⣧⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡔
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠽⠃⠀⠀⠀⠿⠝⢠⣴⣐⠊⠙⠁⣿⡏⢥⣠⡰⡶⣿⢣⠠⣽⠿⠛⡧⣔⣾⠻⣿⡍⣋⣶⣎⢛⣤⣿⣿⢿⣽⣟⢛⠟⡿⢷⡷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣮⢠⣶⣤⠀⣷⡀⣬⣿⣧⣶⣾⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣇⣥⡆⡠⠿⠇⠀⢤⠎⢡⣨⣆⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡲⠀⣔⠚⠁⢔⡦⠤⠀⢠⣄⣤⠤
⡇⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠏⣾⣿⣿⡧⠘⡇⢸⠙⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡥⠎⠄⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⡳⡛⣽⣿⢛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣇⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣯⢏⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢴⡯⠄⠀⠀⢿⡯⣣⣅⡹⠇⢿⠒⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⣶⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⡿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣼⡷⢶⣷⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠙⠿⠿⠛⠀⡘⠯⠒⠋⣉⣴⡇⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠃⠈⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠟⠂⢠⣈⣉⠉⢻⢹⡛⠋⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣤⠀⣀⣀⢠⡗⡀⢲⡾⢮⡖⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⠀⢿⡿⠐⠀⠈⣽⣍⠙⠋⢋⣴⠀⢸⣽⢸⣿⡃⠀⡷⣼⡿⠛⠞⡄⠀⠸⠿⠿⠋⠿⠯⢰⣨⣷⢷⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠐⠸⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠣⠟⢩⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⡿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠄⠀⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣢⣯⣽⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣟⣻⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣴⠀⠁⡀⠀⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠁⠀⠆⣤⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣼⢻⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⡾⣿⠀⢻⠇⠀⠇⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⠁⠀⣿⠀⠀⠁⠙⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⡿⠴⠿⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⣾⡅⠀⣶⡄⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⠀⢰⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢺⡧⠀⣿⠃⠀⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣶⣶⡄⠀⣿⣶⠀⢸⢦⡄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣥⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢿⡿⣿⠃⣀⡀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⣠⣄⢂⣶⣾⣿⣇⣀⠀⢄⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡿⣿⡛⠃⠀⠙⠉⠀⠈⠳⠀⢀⣤⣶⣶⣤⣄⣿⢿⢟⢿⢆⣤⣴⣶⡎⠛⣠⣍⣁⣶⣶⣀⣤⣀⣀⣤⣀⣼⣍⣡⣌⣹⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢛⣤⣿⣷⣦⣀⣀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣤⣼⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣮⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1169

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/techrights-in-banners/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/techrights-in-banners/

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✐ The_Story_of_Techrights,_in_Banners…⠀✐


Posted in Site_News at 9:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Summary: A look back at site banners from 2006-2021; they help illuminate or
show our changing focus over the years


The site is improving technically in order to improve its resilience, both
legally and technically (it’s going to be very hard to SLAPP us or weaponise
the world’s DMCA-type laws). In terms of communications, we’ve become more
self-contained. Anybody can get in touch with us in IRC at the channel
#techrights in irc.techrights.org (only us can see the communications, e.g.
messages sent from one user to another).


“In terms of communications, we’ve become more self-contained.”We’ve clearly
expanded our scope of coverage over the years and it’s worth looking back at
some top banners/headers, which can tell the story of the site (since 2006).
Not a great storytelling exercise, but still…


Here’s one of the earliest banners, which was directed at Steve Ballmer and the
reminder to “boycott Novell” (that’s Ron Hovsepian next to him, based on a real
photograph):


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


Based on the original template, which we softened somewhat (the tones):


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


Later on, years down the line we made further changes as the site expanded and
wasn’t focused on patents and Novell:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


2010:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


2011:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


2012:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


2014:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


Similar, but not the same files!


Then there were some campaign banners, as a respect to politically urgent
issues (of their days):


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


Some in respect to people who died:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


In 2019 our capacity to publish increased a lot and we spent effort on banners
again:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


2020:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


And finally this year:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈
🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Techrights header⦈


Yesterday we reflected and remarked on the current focus of Techrights. We
expect that over the coming weeks the EPO will remain the most covered topic.
It’s hard to predict which topics will become of high priority in the coming
years (no crystal balls available), but we will adapt accordingly as they come
and pass. █


⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣃⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢦⣾⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣸⣥⣼⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣘⣯⢸⣿
⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⠀⠀⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣒⣒⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢺⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⠀⠀
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢻⡟⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣿⣄⣼⣧⣸⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣷⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⢚⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣠⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢀⣤⣤⢀⣒⢰⡇⠗⣼⡇⡏⣾⣷⢿⠐⢚⢸⣶⢰⣾⣘⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡀⣊⣽⣴⣿⣼⣥⣷⣽⣧⣷⣽⣯⣼⣤⡿⣠⣿⣼⣿⣽⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣷⣾⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠾⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠢⠾⢷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣧⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠉⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠉⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿
⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠟⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣄⣸⣇⣸⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣶⣶⣦⡄⠀⣐⠠⢼⣿⣿⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠿⠿⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⣙⡅⣇⠀⡆⣀⠸⠿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣐⢠⡇⠂⣸⡇⡏⣾⡗⢺⠀⠀⠠⠴⢰⣶⣘⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⢲⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⢾⡼⣥⣷⣽⣥⣷⣬⣧⣜⣀⡀⡀⢐⢰⡷⣽⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢧⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠸⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠳⢿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⠶⠃⣲⣮⣥⣼⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠟⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣄⣸⣇⣸⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣶⣶⣦⡄⠀⣐⠠⢼⣿⣿⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠿⠿⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⣙⡅⣇⠀⡆⣀⠸⠿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣐⢠⡇⠂⣸⡇⡏⣾⡗⢺⠀⠀⠠⠴⢰⣶⣘⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⢲⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⢾⡼⣥⣷⣽⣥⣷⣬⣧⣜⣀⡀⡀⢐⢰⡷⣽⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢧⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠸⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠳⢿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⠶⠃⣲⣮⣥⣼⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠟⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣄⣸⣇⣸⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣶⣶⣦⡄⠀⣐⠠⢼⣿⣿⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠿⠿⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⣙⡅⣇⠀⡆⣀⠸⠿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣐⢠⡇⠂⣸⡇⡏⣾⡗⢺⠀⠀⠠⠴⢰⣶⣘⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⢲⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⢾⡼⣥⣷⣽⣥⣷⣬⣧⣜⣀⡀⡀⢐⢰⡷⣽⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢧⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠸⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠳⢿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⠶⠃⣲⣮⣥⣼⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⡟⠃⣿⢤⡄⢠⡤⣤⠀⠀⣿⠛⢳⡄⢤⢤⡄⢤⡀⣤⠀⠸⣇⣸⣷⢰⡏⣠⠤⣄⠀⠀⣿⣛⠈⡅⣠⠤⣤⢸⣧⣤⡀⣼⠤⠀⠀⣿⣛⡷⠠⠤⣤⢀⣤⢤⢸⣇⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⢸⡇⢹⣟⣻⠀⠀⣿⣤⡼⠃⣾⣻⣿⠘⣷⠏⠀⠀⢿⡟⢸⣾⠁⢿⣟⡛⠀⠀⣿⠉⠀⡇⢹⣖⣋⢸⡇⢸⡇⢿⣀⠀⠀⣿⣭⡿⢸⣏⣿⠸⣧⣠⢸⡟⢧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠶⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⢠⢖⡂⣰⡄⡆⣶⣴⠰⣖⠒⡖⠀⣰⣠⡆⣰⡆⢶⡂⣖⡂⠰⣖⢰⢰⡆⣖⠖⣆⡆⣖⢰⡆⡆⢰⠀⢠⣆⢰⣄⡆⡖⠂⣖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠈⠋⠓⠃⠋⠑⠃⠉⠙⠘⠚⠀⠃⠀⠉⠋⠃⠋⠙⠓⠃⠛⠁⠘⠚⠈⠛⠁⠋⠃⠙⠀⠛⠈⠁⠛⠘⠓⠋⠙⠘⠈⠃⠑⠃⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠙⠇⠈⠉⢹⡏⠉⠁⣰⡏⠁⠈⢻⡆⠀⣿⠉⠉⢻⡄⠀⠀⠀⣾⠋⠀⠙⠷⠀⣿⠀⣾⡁⠀⠹⠇⠀⣿⠉⠉⢻⡆⠀⣾⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠷⣶⣄⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⣤⣤⡿⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠘⠻⠷⣶⡄⠀⣿⣤⣤⡾⠁⢰⡏⠈⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣆⠀⢀⡿⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠸⣧⡀⢀⣼⠃⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣄⣀⣰⡟⠀⣿⠀⢶⣀⠀⣸⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠛⠛⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⣻⠛⢻⡟⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⡛⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⡟⠛⠛⠿⠿⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢌⣦⣤⣿⣤⣼⣧⣸⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⠝⡄⢤⠠⠀⠄⠠⡀⡄⠇⡠⢄⢀⠡⠀⡄⠀⢀⠺⢀⠀⡄⠄⣤⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⢠⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠛⢛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠈⠈⠈⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣷⢠⡶⢿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢠⣴⣴⢀⣚⢸⡇⠗⣽⡇⡏⣾⣿⢿⠐⣛⢸⣶⢰⣾⣘⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⡀⡤⠄⠤⠀⠠⠠⢠⡀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⡆⡠⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⡠⣫⣽⣼⣿⣼⣥⣷⣽⣧⣷⣽⣯⣼⣼⣿⣼⣿⣼⣿⣽⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢸⡟⠻⢻⣾⣷⣿⠟⡀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⠳⠾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣧⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠁⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⣩⡶⢡⠉⠁⢴⣾⣷⠄⠈⠙⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⢻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢰⢸⢸⢰⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⣷⣆⢹⣿⡏⣮⢛⠛⢛⠽⢹⠃⡿⣽⡏⡎⣇⢩⢏⣅⣝⡇⠛⣹⣿⡇⠇⠇⡇⡿⢸⠶⠀⠆⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠭⣿⠆⡄⡿⠿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣾⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⢹⡋⢉⣸⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣧⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⡇⣴⡗⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⡐⠢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠋⠈⠉⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣑⢼⠃⢿⢸⣟⡶⣸⢵⢰⣸⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡈⣁⠷⣬⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒⠓⠛⠛⠓⠒⠛⠓⠚⠓⠛⠒⠓⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⣼⣷⣼⣴⡏⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣿⣤⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢹⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⢻⠛⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣟⣻⣿⣻⡿⠿⠻⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢰⢸⢸⢸⣿⣿⢀⣶⣶⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⡯⣿⡿⣶⢷⠾⠿⠿⢿⡷⡷⢾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠭⠭⣿⠆⣆⡿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢸⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⢸⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡙⠀⠄⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⠾⣶⡶⣷⡿⡦⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⡇⣴⡗⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⡐⠢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠗⠰⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡾⡾⣾⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠃⣈⣡⠷⣬⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢈⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠼⣼⣷⣼⣶⡏⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣿⣦⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠈⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣶⣶⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢟⣻⠿⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠟⠒⢗⠊⢍⣎⠈⠈⡁⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠈⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⢀⠀⠀⠉⡅⠀⠀⡀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⡲⠔⠢⣏⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠤⠤⠂⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠜⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢠⣄⣠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⢸⠂⠀⠀⠀⡀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠐⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢀⣫⢷⡗⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣁⡀⠶⢛⣋⠀⠒⠒⠈⠀⠒⠂⠀⠒⢂⣁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣐⠁⠐⠲⠶⠄⠀⠒⣊⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⣿⠃⠑⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⠔⠫⠥⡒⣩⣥⡴⠲⠖⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠒⠒⠦⢤⡉⠓⢤⡀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠔⣫⢵⠒⠛⣛⠛⠛⠻⢷⢢⣀⠙⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣯⣶⣧⣥⣾⣷⣯⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣮⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣶⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣯⣮⣶⣦⣤⣯⣷⣤⣤⣤⣴⣬⣽⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣦⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⠉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢹⣿⠉⢹⠏⢹⢋⣹⣟⡟⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢿⣿⢋⣭⣭⣹⢛⡛⠒⠂⠀⠐⠒⠖⠒⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⠛⢉⣛⠋⣿⡛⠓⠀⠐⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⣛⠛⢛⣿⡿⠓⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡟⠛⢻⠛⢛⠛⢛⣓⠸⡘⠀⣈⡂⢹⣿⡿⢻⡇⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⣷⡇⢀⣀⣀⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⢀⠄⠀⠁⣿⠀⢸⡜⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⡃⠈⣴⣾⣿⠀⢘⣷⣴⠃⠘⠿⣿⡄⣿⡇⣺⡇⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠠⣶⣄⡈⠁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠤⠀⠀⠠⠄⠠⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢛⣫⡿⠃⠠⠀⠤⠃⠀⠠⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⠠⠤⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢿⣿⡿⠀⠸⣿⣿⠀⠻⠿⠃⡀⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⢷⡇⡠⠄⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢀⡴⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⢿⠧⣾⡦⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣰⣼⣿⣶⣧⣶⣾⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣞⣿⣿⣇⣖⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣞⣿⣿⣮⣧⣿⣇⣖⣤⣶⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣇⣾⣿⣇⣔⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣥⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠞⠀⠤⠄⠠⠤⠤⠄⠠⠤⠤⠄⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⢀⠤⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⡇⢸⣿⣆⣿⠀⢿⣿⡷⣼⡟⠁⡴⢿⣷⣆⢸⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣶⣶⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⣿⠃⢀⢆⡀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⣭⣭⡀⣿⡇⠀⠉⠈⢛⣿⣿⡇⢀⣉⣉⡁⢀⣿⡇⢀⡉⠡⣤⣾⣿⡇⢠⣿⠀⣼⣶⣾⣭⠉⣵⡆⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣝⣥⣦⣬⣙⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡿⢻⣧⡀⠶⣾⣖⠝⢁⡂⠈⠉⢙⡃⠘⣿⡇⠸⣿⣦⠙⢿⣿⠇⢸⣿⣆⠙⢿⣿⡿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣶⣶⣶⠇⢰⣦⣤⡇⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⠒⣥⣤⣄⡀⢀⠀⠀⠘⠶⠶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣇⡶⣻⣿⣈⣻⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣜⡇⣿⣿⣇⣷⣿⣿⢰⣾⣤⢐⢤⣬⣰⣙⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣜⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣨⣻⣿⣿⡡⣷⣿⡇⡷⣿⡇⡧⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⢟⣹⣿⣿⣦⣤⣄⣀⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⢩⣍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⢠⠤⢤⣤⠤⢤⠠⣤⡤⠤⡤⣤⠀⢀⣤⠤⠤⢤⡆⠤⣤⠤⠀⠤⣤⠤⠤⣤⠤⠤⣄⠀⠀⢤⣤⠄⠀⣢⠴⠒⠂⠴⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠒⠒⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣧⠀⠀⠘⠀⢸⣿⠀⠈⠀⣿⡇⠀⢄⠈⢀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣿⠀⢀⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⠀⡼⠁⠄⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠈⠀⠇⠠⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢽⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠉⠉⠀⠼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠉⠉⠉⣿⠀⠀⣿⠉⢿⡁⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢇⠀⠀⠀⠈⡏⠉⠀⡇⠈⠉⠉⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠠⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡀⠀⢀⣿⣧⣤⣥⣼⠁⠙⠧⣅⣀⡤⠆⣠⣿⣀⠀⣀⣿⣀⣀⣿⣀⠀⠻⣆⡀⡸⠿⣀⣈⠀⠠⠄⠥⠇⠀⣀⠇⠀⠀⣀⠇⠀⠀⠀⡸⠀⠀⣀⣸⠀⠤⠤⠃⢠⣦⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⠢⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠃⡀⡀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠉⡀⠀⢀⠀⡁⢉⠉⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⡲⣒⣼⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⠀⣺⣶⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣨⣤⣤⣧⣴⣤⣼⣷⣤⣤⣇⣤⣤⣬⣖⣇⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣡⣤⣼⣪⣠⣤⣄⣤⣤⣾⣆⣤⣼⣞⣇⣤⣄⣠⣷⣿⣤⣠⣤⣼⣠⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣇⣥⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣭⣛⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⣸⣿⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣝⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣙⣓⣠⠤⣂⣰⣦⣛⣻⡁⣴⣶⣦⡉⣉⣙⣛⡷⣤⣄⣄⣄⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣸⡞⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢉⣡⣄⣀⡉⠏⢉⣿⡟⣿⡏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡾⣋⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣾⣟⣟⣹⣯⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣴⠏⢡⣶⣾⣿⣼⣿⢀⣤⣅⣰⠀⣦⣠⡤⡆⢀⠐⠆⢼⠁⣐⣆⡀⠹⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣞⣭⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⡷⠰⢼⣿⠶⠾⡏⣤⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⡷⣿⡿⠋⠐⢀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣰⣿⣿⣻⡿⠻⣿⠐⣛⣛⣛⠀⣉⡉⠀⡇⢈⠛⢤⡬⣠⠉⠋⢛⠲⠶⣄⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠙⠿⣿⣹⣿⣼⣿⣿⣯⢁⡘⢺⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢻⡏⠿⢿⣗⣶⣾⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⢿⠟⢹⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⡿⢹⠀⠀⠈⠉⡇⠸⢥⣴⡟⣽⣧⣦⠈⠄⠤⢄⣀⠁⠁⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠍⣼⡍⠫⢭⠉⢉⣉⠿⠏⣼⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣿⡯⣽⡭⠭⠭⣵⠀⠉⣭⡉⠉⠉⣩⠉⠈⠉⠉⠩⠔⢻⣯⣤⢫⣾⠉⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠠⣿⡫⢇⣼⡭⢁⣴⣒⠛⠒⠦⠉⢕⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠘⠻⠿⢿⣯⡞⠉⢰⣹⢶⡂⡦⣇⣬⣽⢴⠠⢿⣯⣿⣷⣿⣿⠏⠙⠻⠿⠗⠋⡦⠆⠀⢲⠛⠍⢙⣣⠤⣾⣟⣴⣴⡦⠤⠀⣰⡞⡻⣿⣿⣯⣤⣀⣰⠤⣠⣶⠼⡟⢑⡀⠽⢁⣰⣹⣿⣤⣤⣼⣔⠊⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣶⣿⣿⢻⡁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠉⠈⠉⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠋⠁⠉⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠁⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠈⠁⠈⠉⠒⠫⢭⣿⣁⠀⣴⣷⠋⢡⡴⠿⢛⣟⠉⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢣⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1431

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/06/12/vicoc/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/06/12/vicoc/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ [Meme]_Virtual_Code_of_Conduct_(ViCoC)⠀✐


Posted in Law at 2:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Nobody_needs_a_physical_court;_We_can_do_'trial_by_tweets'
instead⦈_


Summary: Cheapening of basic concepts and principles like “right to be heard”
or “access to justice” is an international trend; we need to push back in the
direction of justice, not fake ‘innovation’ or ‘tech’ (where it clearly does
not belong)


⠀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⡂⣀⢀⡀⢀⣀⢀⣒⣂⡀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⠀⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀
⠀⢸⣷⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⡇⢿⣾⠁⢸⣿⣼⣿⣿⡅⣿⣯⢸⡏⣿⡿⣿⣟⠀⢰⡟⣿⠀⢸⣏⣿⢸⣧⣿⠘⣷⡏⢿⣿⡃⣿⡇⣿⠸⠇⣿⢿⡄⣿⠀⠀⣿⠹⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⣯⣿⠈⣿⠉⠀
⠀⢸⡟⣿⠸⣧⡿⢸⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⠇⣿⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⢸⡏⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣧⢸⣧⣿⠷⣷⣿⠇⢸⡗⣿⡀⢸⡇⠀⢸⡇⣿⠀⣿⠀⢿⣾⡿⣿⡇⣿⣼⢇⣿⢺⡇⣿⣤⠀⢿⣼⡟⢿⣿⡿⢸⣧⡿⢸⡇⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢘⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠰⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣴⣖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣜⣧⡀⣾⣷⣦⢲⣶⣶⣄⣃⣠⣒⣒⣲⣴⣶⣦⣀⣏⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢁⣡⡄⠀⢃⡴⠶⣶⡂⣺⣻⣯⣥⡀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⢻⣷⣿⣿⣟⠙⠛⠿⠿⡿⢛⡿⢳⣿⣿⣿⠇⠙⠛⣛⣿⡛⠛⢛⣤⣾⣶⡄⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠑⠻⢿⡻⠀⠘⠛⠂⠃⠀⠙⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⢀⣀⣙⠀⠸⠷⣿⡿⣯⠀⠀⢘⣿⣥⡐⠷⠀⣮⣟⣡⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣟⣿⣿⡁⠀⣼⡇⢸⣿⣴⢿⡷⠆⣠⣦⣤⣼⡟⠛⠀⠀⠻⣶⣆⣠⣴⣭⣶⠌⠀⠸⣾⣷⠁⠀⠉⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣻⣛⣣⣰⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢸⣷⡏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣿⣿⡶⣾⢶⠆⣽⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣮⣅⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣯⡿⢫⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⣿⣾⡿⠃⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣧⡈⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢶⣆⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣷⢻⡃⠀⢀⣬⣿⣃⠀⠀⠸⣿⣏⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⡇⢳⡤⢠⣿⣿⣿⡶⠀⠀⠀⣨⣝⣹⣾⣧⡀⢸⣿⡤⠔⢶⠅⣿⢟⣿⠁⠉⠻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢸⣿⠿⣛⢩⣛⡋⢁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠠⠀⠈⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣘⠹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠟⠩⠃⠀⠀⠈⠉⢉⣿⣿⡇⠈⠃⠀⠐⠂⠀⣿⠸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢈⠖⢻⡽⣷⡝⢱⣿⠆⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠹⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⡔⠅⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⠿⠃⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣯⡦⡇⣿⣯⠤⡤⡌⠀⠈⢁⠨⠛⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠁⠀⢰⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠄⠈⡰⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⢶⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡲⢰⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⡏⡾⣽⡿⠁⢸⣿⣿⡀⠛⡿⠀⠐⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠈⣤⡀⢈⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡷⢼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣯⣳⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣋⣶⡠⢘⣻⣷⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠼⠿⠿⠬⠦⠤⠤⣤⣾⣿⣤⣼⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣿⣦⣧⣾⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣯⣥⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣾⠯⢭⣤⡿⠿⢿⡤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⠄
⠛⣙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠗⠳⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠾⡿⠿⠻⠿⠿⣟⣟⣻⡛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠭⠭⠦⣠⣬⢉⣹⡛⣉⠉⣉⢉⣙⣛⣁⡙⠟⢛⣓⠑⢒⣛⡛⢛⡑⣉⠛⢋⣋⡉⠉⢙⣉⠀⠀⢉⢉⣉⣁⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⢈⣈⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠁⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⣿⣿⣿⣸⡿⣿⣏⡁⠀⣿⢹⡷⢸⣿⡇⢸⣧⣿⠀⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⣿⣷⠀⠹⠉⣿⡏⢸⣏⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⣏⡁⠀⣿⣰⡶⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣼⡇⣿⣿⣿⢨⣏⠀⣿⡇⢸⡏⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⢸⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠁⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠁⠘⠃⠆⠉⠁⠈⠁⠉⠈⠉⠉⠁⠉⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢻⡇⢿⣼⡏⠀⢻⣿⠛⣿⢸⣿⣸⡇⣿⡛⢸⣿⠃⢻⣿⠳⣿⡻⠇⠟⠀⣿⡇⣿⣼⡇⣾⣿⠷⠛⣿⠛⣿⡟⢀⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢹⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⢻⣿⠇⣿⣛⢸⣿⡃⢸⣿⢠⣭⢻⡆⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣬⣿⣷⠀⣿⠀⣿⣟⢸⣿⣿⣼⣿⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠁⠈⠛⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀⠙⠋⠘⠛⠀⠛⠛⠘⠛⠃⠘⠋⠀⠙⠛⠁⠀⠀⠛⠃⠛⠘⠃⠉⠛⠉⠀⠛⠀⠛⠛⠙⠃⠙⠋⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1481

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 06.12.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


✐ Links_13/6/2021:_KDE_Frameworks_5.83.0_and_helloSystem_0.5⠀✐


Posted in News_Roundup at 6:16 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * GNU/Linux
          o Distributions
          o Devices/Embedded
    * Free_Software/Open_Source
    * Leftovers
    * § GNU/Linux⠀➾


          o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾


                # ⚓ Think_XFCE_looks_bad?_Think_again!_–_XFCE_Customization⠀⇛


                       For as long as I’ve used Linux, I’ve heard, and
                       thought, that XFCE was a “bad looking desktop”.
                       While my first contact with it didn’t really change
                       my mind, it’s time to take a look at how to change
                       its look and feel, and hopefully get rid of that
                       preconceived notion. We’ll start with a few
                       examples of changes applied to XFCE by some
                       distros, and then we’ll try to build our own look
                       and feel.


                # ⚓ What_Are_The_Benefits_Of_Emacs_Over_Vim?⠀⇛


                       Probably one of the most common Vim/Emacs questions
                       that I get is “Why would I choose Emacs over Vim?”
                       Or “what does Emacs have to offer that Vim
                       doesn’t?” You see this question all the time from
                       Vim users on message boards and support forums.


                # ⚓ “BTW,_I_use_Arch”_is_my_vibe_check.⠀⇛


                       Whether it’s Linus flipping off the camera or Arch
                       users letting you know they think they’re better
                       than you, we have a Linux meme for every walk of
                       life and every style. Come, let’s laugh at silly
                       internet pictures of a Linux nature.


          o § Kernel Space⠀➾


                # ⚓ Intel_Alder_Lake_Thunderbolt/USB4_Support_For_Linux_5.14_–
                  Phoronix⠀⇛


                       Intel’s Linux engineers continue squaring away the
                       next-generation Alder Lake hybrid processor
                       support. In addition to continued graphics driver
                       work and other platform device IDs being added for
                       the upcoming Linux 5.14 kernel, it looks like ADL’s
                       Thunderbolt/USB4 support will be merged too.


                       Queued today into thunderbolt.git’s “next” tree is
                       support for Thunderbolt on Intel Alder Lake.


                       The actual patch isn’t all that exciting as it
                       confirms Alder Lake has the same integrated
                       Thunderbolt/USB4 controller as used already by
                       Intel’s Tiger Lake platform. So given the same
                       controller, just some new device IDs are needed for
                       Alder Lake.


                # ⚓ Linux_Kernel_Prepares_For_Intel_Xeon_CPUs_With_On-Package
                  HBM_Memory_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                       Last year Intel’s updated ISA extensions reference
                       guide was updated with references to Xeon “Sapphire
                       Rapids” having High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) given
                       new HBM-related error codes. Now it’s even more
                       clear there are Xeon CPUs coming to market with
                       onboard HBM memory as Intel has begun submitting
                       Linux kernel driver changes.


                       The i20nm EDAC driver for error detection and
                       correction reporting has been extended for
                       supporting future Xeon CPUs with onboard HBM
                       memory.


                       The patches do spell out quite clearly, “On package
                       memory is coming (in the future)…A future Xeon
                       processor will include in-package HBM (high
                       bandwidth memory). The in-package HBM memory
                       controller shares the same architecture with the
                       regular DDR memory controller. Add the HBM memory
                       controller devices for EDAC support.”


                # ⚓ A_Passion_for_Operating_Systems:_An_Illinois
                  Undergraduate’s_Contributions_to_Linux⠀⇛


                       A programming enthusiast who began writing Python
                       code during high school, recent computer
                       engineering graduate YiFei Zhu (BS CE ’21) has
                       parlayed his knowledge and skills into impactful
                       contributions to Linux, arguably the most widely
                       used system software in the world.


                       The Linux operating system runs on millions of
                       hardware devices. Ninety percent of all cloud
                       infrastructure is powered by Linux, including
                       supercomputers and cloud providers, 74% of
                       smartphones globally are Linux-based, and even
                       NASA’s Mars helicopter runs Linux. The Linux
                       kernel, as the core of the operating system,
                       manages the hardware resources like CPU, memory,
                       and peripheral devices and provides programming
                       interfaces to user applications.


                # ⚓ Linux_inventor_Linus_Torvalds_rebukes_vaccine_skeptics⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Profile_Guided_Optimizations_(PGO)_Likely_Coming_To_Linux
                  5.14_For_Clang_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                       Recently the mainline Linux kernel has seen a lot
                       of improvements to its feature set when compiling
                       it under LLVM’s Clang rather than GCC as
                       traditionally the only supported compiler. The most
                       recent feature being brought to the Linux kernel
                       when using Clang is finally allowing the use of
                       compiler profile guided optimizations (PGO) for
                       squeezing even greater performance out of the
                       system by letting the compiler leverage the real-
                       world profiles/metrics collected to make more
                       informed code generation / optimization decisions.


                       When Clang’ing the Linux kernel there has recently
                       been support introduced for link-time optimizations
                       (LTO) as another performance win. In turn this also
                       allowed Clang Control Flow Integrity (CFI) support
                       to also land in the mainline kernel. In the past
                       there were patches to the Linux kernel to support
                       GCC’s LTO and PGO functionality but they hadn’t
                       been mainlined.


                # ⚓ Transparent_Hugepages_Are_Coming_To_RISC-V_On_Linux_–
                  Phoronix⠀⇛


                       The Linux kernel’s RISC-V support continues picking
                       up remaining features not yet wired up beyond the
                       base architecture support. The latest is
                       transparent hugepages (THP) to be supported for
                       RISC-V with Linux 5.14.


                       Following recent RISC-V kernel additions like XIP
                       for execute in place, support for KProbes and other
                       features, and hardware specific work like SiFive
                       FU740 SoC support, the latest RISC-V kernel action
                       is transparent hugepages now being ready.


                # ⚓ XFS_To_Enjoy_Big_Scalability_Boost_With_Linux_5.14_–
                  Phoronix⠀⇛


                       A big patch series out of Red Hat is now queued
                       into the XFS file-system development Git branch
                       that is part of the new material for the upcoming
                       Linux 5.14 cycle.


                       The big set of patches that was queued this week
                       into the xfs-5.14 for-next code focuses on CIL
                       (Committed Item List) and log scalability
                       improvements.


                       There are good performance numbers being seen out
                       of this scalability work for the XFS file-system.
                       The big numbers are seeing the transaction rate go
                       up from around 700k to 1.7M commits per second and
                       a reduction in flush operations by 2~x orders of
                       magnitude less for metadata heavy workloads that
                       don’t enforce fsync.


                # ⚓ F2FS_Picking_Up_“compress_cache”_Feature_With_Linux_5.14_–
                  Phoronix⠀⇛


                       The Flash-Friendly File-System (F2FS) saw queued
                       into its “dev” tree this week the new
                       compress_cache mount option ahead of the upcoming
                       Linux 5.14 cycle.


                       Enabling the compress_cache mount option allows for
                       using the address space of an inner inode to cache
                       the compressed block. In turn doing so should
                       improve the cache hit ratio for random reads with
                       this flash-optimized file-system.


                # § Graphics Stack⠀➾


                      # ⚓ NVIDIA_Confirms_Plans_To_Drop_“Kepler”_GPU_Driver
                        Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                             Last month we reported on CUDA documentation
                             pointing to the NVIDIA 470 driver series to
                             be the last supporting GeForce GTX 600/700
                             Kepler GPUs and that has now been summed up
                             more formally with new guidance out of
                             NVIDIA.


          o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾


                # ⚓ Practical_Reed-Solomon_for_Programmers⠀⇛


                       Recently I was doing some work decoding the new
                       Galileo High Accuracy Service data. In short, this
                       new ‘HAS’ data will allow Galileo (“European GPS”)
                       users to achieve decimeter-level accuracy, which is
                       nice. This HAS data is transmitted highly
                       redundantly by making good use of Reed-Solomon
                       encoding.


                       To work with this data, I attempted to learn more
                       about Reed-Solomon and I found almost all
                       explanations were useless to me – oodles of
                       advanced math, but no guidance of how to use R-S in
                       practice. And in fact, quite a lot of the math-
                       heavy pages turned out to get practical details
                       wrong.


                       The math behind Reed-Solomon is indeed very pretty,
                       and I can understand why many explanations start
                       with telling users about lovely Galois fields. This
                       page meanwhile will focus on things you really need
                       to know.


                # ⚓ HTTP/3_needs_us_(and_other_people)_to_make_firewall
                  changes⠀⇛


                       The other day, I had a little realization:


                       Today I realized that the growing enabling of HTTP/
                       3 means that we need to allow UDP 443 through our
                       firewalls (at least outbound), not just TCP 443.
                       Although in the mean time, blocking it shields our
                       users from any HTTP/3 issues. (Which happen.)


                # ⚓ My_Homelab_Build⠀⇛


                       One thing that I do a lot is run virtual machines.
                       Some of these stick around, a lot of them are very
                       ephemeral. I also like being able to get into these
                       VMs quickly if I want to mess around with a given
                       distribution or OS. Normally I’d run these on my
                       gaming tower, however this makes my tower very
                       load-bearing. I also want to play games sometimes
                       on my tower, and even though there have been many
                       strides in getting games to run well on Linux it’s
                       still not as good as I’d like it to be.


                # ⚓ [_Easy_]_Ubuntu_Install_GeForce_Now_–_LateWeb.Info⠀⇛


                       GeForce Now (stylized as GeForce NOW) is the brand
                       used by Nvidia for its cloud gaming service. The
                       Nvidia Shield version of GeForce Now, formerly
                       known as Nvidia Grid, launched in beta in 2013,
                       with Nvidia officially unveiling its name on
                       September 30, 2015. The subscription service
                       provided users with unlimited access to a library
                       of games hosted on Nvidia servers for the life of
                       the subscription, being delivered to subscribers
                       through streaming video. Certain titles were also
                       available via a “Buy & Play” model. This version
                       was discontinued in 2019, and transitioned to a new
                       version of the service that enabled Shield users to
                       play their own games.


                       In January 2017, Nvidia unveiled GeForce Now
                       clients for Windows and Macintosh computers,
                       available in North America and Europe as a free
                       beta. GeForce NOW lets users access a virtual
                       computer, where they can install their existing
                       games from existing digital distribution platforms,
                       and play them remotely. As with the original Shield
                       version, the virtual desktop is also streamed from
                       Nvidia servers. An Android client was also
                       introduced in 2019.


                       The service exited Beta and launched to the general
                       public on February 4, 2020. It is available on
                       Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, Shield TV and
                       Chromebook devices. GeForce support for LG TVs
                       running WebOS will be made available sometime in
                       2021.


                # ⚓ How_to_install_Snap_Store_on_Linux_Mint_20.1_–_Linux
                  Shout⠀⇛


                       By default snap is disabled on Linux Mint, however,
                       we can enable and install a graphical app store to
                       get various SNAP packages with just one click.


                       Snap is a universal package manager that allows
                       users to install software available in the
                       Snapcraft repository on all popular Linux
                       regardless of their codebase. This means the same
                       app package for Ubuntu can be installed on RedHat.


                # ⚓ How_To_Change_KVM_Libvirt_Default_Storage_Pool_Location_–
                  OSTechNix⠀⇛


                       This guide explains what are storage pools and
                       volumes in Libvirt and how to change KVM libvirt
                       default storage pool location using Virsh program,
                       Virt-manager and Cockpit in Linux.


                # ⚓ How_To_Install_Elasticsearch_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛


                       In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
                       Elasticsearch on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who
                       didn’t know, Elasticsearch is an open-source full-
                       text search and analytics engine tool used to
                       store, search, and analyze big volumes of data in
                       near real-time. The search engine works very
                       quickly, can be used to search large amounts of
                       data (big data), and supports distributed
                       architectures for high availability. Together with
                       Kibana and Logstash, Elasticsearch forms the
                       Elastic Stack.


                       This article assumes you have at least basic
                       knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
                       most importantly, you host your site on your own
                       VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
                       you are running in the root account, if not you may
                       need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
                       privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
                       step installation of the Elasticsearch on an
                       AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions
                       for Rocky Linux.


                # ⚓ How_To_Install_VeraCrypt_on_CentOS_8_–_idroot⠀⇛


                       In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
                       VeraCrypt on CentOS 8. For those of you who didn’t
                       know, VeraCrypt is free open-source disk encryption
                       software for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. In case
                       an attacker forces you to reveal the password,
                       VeraCrypt provides plausible deniability. In
                       contrast, to file encryption, data encryption
                       performed by VeraCrypt is real-time (on-the-fly),
                       automatic, transparent, needs very little memory
                       and does not involve temporary unencrypted files.


                       This article assumes you have at least basic
                       knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
                       most importantly, you host your site on your own
                       VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
                       you are running in the root account, if not you may
                       need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
                       privileges. I will show you through the step-by-
                       step installation of VeraCrypt open source
                       encryption on a CentOS 8.


                # ⚓ How_to_Configure_a_Recursive_DNS_Server_using_BIND_–
                  Unixcop⠀⇛


                       In this article, you will learn how to configure a
                       recursive DNS server using BIND. If you haven’t
                       checked our article on how to install the BIND DNS
                       server in FreeBSD yet, you can find the article
                       here. Please note that in this article, the term
                       recursive DNS server might also be referred to as
                       DNS Caching server or just Caching server. The term
                       DNS server might also be referred to as Nameserver
                       or just name server.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_CouchDB_on_Ubuntu_21.04_Linux_Operating
                  System_–_Linux_Concept⠀⇛


                       The CouchDB is an open-source database system,
                       managed by the Apache Software Foundation. It is
                       fault-tolerant, and schema-free NoSQL database
                       management system.


                       CouchDB store data in document or files with JSON
                       data structure. Each document contains fields and
                       attachments, where fields have text, numbers,
                       lists, Booleans, and more data. The data of this
                       database accessed by using RESTful HTTP/JSON API
                       that use to read, create, edit, and delete database
                       files or documents.


                       Today, In this tutorial, we will learn how to
                       install CouchDB on Ubuntu 21.04 machine.


                # ⚓ [_Easy_]_Install_Shutter_Screenshot_Tool_in_Ubuntu_21.04⠀⇛


                       Shutter is a feature-rich screenshot program for
                       Linux based operating systems such as Ubuntu. You
                       can take a screenshot of a specific area, window,
                       your whole screen, or even of a website – apply
                       different effects to it, draw on it to highlight
                       points, and then upload to an image hosting site,
                       all within one window. Shutter is free, open-
                       source, and licensed under GPL v3.


                # ⚓ The_Sudoers_File_in_Ubuntu⠀⇛


                       The sudoers file is used by Linux and Unix
                       administrators in general in order to to allocate
                       specific system rights to new and existing system
                       users. This enables the system administrator to
                       control what every user does in order to ensure
                       they would not interfere with the system files or
                       processes. Since most Linux distros are built with
                       security in mind, when a user wants to run a
                       command in the terminal that requires root
                       privileges, the system will check the username
                       against the sudoers file.


                # ⚓ How_to_download_and_install_Unix_Solaris_OS_on_VirtualBox_–
                  H2S_Media⠀⇛


                       We are very well acquainted with Linux, however,
                       when it comes to UNIX based operating system then
                       most don’t know from where to download it. Just
                       like Linux Distros Unix is also available under
                       different names such as Oracle Solaris, OpenSolaris
                       (Discontinued), FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and
                       DragonflyBSD. There is quite a confusion between
                       Unix and open source Unix-like operating systems
                       such as Linux. Unix like OS also refer as UN*X or
                       *nix OS are those behaved like UNIX OS following
                       its standardization, basically, they derived from
                       UNIX and sometimes developed as free and open
                       source or proprietary. UNIX was developed at Bell
                       Labs in Manhattan.


                # ⚓ Scheduling_system_tasks_with_Cron_on_Linux_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛


                       Cron is a scheduling daemon that executes cron jobs
                       at specified intervals. Cron jobs automate system
                       maintenance, repetitive or administration tasks
                       such as database or data backup, system updates,
                       checking the disk space usage, sending emails, and
                       so on.


                       You can schedule cron jobs to run by the minute,
                       hour, day of the week, day of the month, month, or
                       any combination of these.


                # ⚓ How_to_install_Brave_Web_Browser_in_Linux_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛


                       The brave browser is one of the new entries in the
                       browser battles, with its first release (Version
                       1.0) being 13 November 2019. By comparison, Google
                       Chrome had its initial release on 2 September 2008
                       and Microsoft Edge being July 2015. Brave browser
                       is much more focused on privacy, faster browsing
                       speeds, security, and efficient performance.


                       Brave is based on the Chromium opensource project,
                       which also powers other browsers like Google
                       Chrome. Among the developers includes Brendan Eich,
                       who happens to be the creator of the Javascript
                       programming language and a co-founder of Mozilla –
                       the company behind Mozilla Firefox.


                       An interesting feature that puts brave in the
                       limelight is their unusual business model. Brave
                       removes all ads on a website and replaces them with
                       its own ads. Additionally, it provides users with a
                       platform to send money to their favorite sites.
                       That hasn’t gone well with content publishers. In
                       2016, lawyers representing 17 newspaper publishers
                       wrote a cease-and-desist letter to Brave with the
                       message, “Your plan to use our content to sell your
                       advertising is indistinguishable from a plan to
                       steal our content to publish on your own website.”


                # ⚓ How_to_install_Friday_Night_Funkin’_CG5_Edition_on_a
                  Chromebook⠀⇛


                       Today we are looking at how to install Friday Night
                       Funkin’ CG5 Edition on a Chromebook. Please follow
                       the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we
                       explain the process step by step and use the
                       commands below.


                # ⚓ How_to_install_Zimbra_Collaboration_Suite_(ZCS)_on_RHEL/
                  CentOS_7&8_–_Unixcop⠀⇛


                       Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) is an Open Source,
                       collaborative platform for email servers, developed
                       in two editions, Open Source edition (Free) and
                       Network Edition (Paid), which provides services
                       such as LDAP, SMTP, POP and IMAP, webmail client,
                       calendaring, tasks, antivirus, antispam and others.


                       This tutorial describes how to install Zimbra
                       Collaboration Suite Open Source Edition on a
                       CentOS/RHEL 8 server.


                # ⚓ How_do_I_select_my_startup_disk_in_VirtualBox?_–_Linux
                  Hint⠀⇛


                       Computers are incomplete without memory. Primary
                       and secondary are two types of memory that a
                       computer needs to function. Primary memory includes
                       RAM and ROM, whereas secondary includes hard
                       drives, DVDs, etc. Both types of memory are crucial
                       parts of a computer because one stores your app
                       data temporarily, and the other stores your
                       operating systems, applications, and media.
                       So what is a startup disk? A startup disk, also
                       known as a boot disk, is a storage device that
                       contains an operating system; it can be a CD, DVD,
                       USB, or even a hard drive. Startup disks are
                       typically internal hard drives or SSDs of the
                       computer if the operating system is installed on
                       them, and they come into the category of secondary
                       memory. The startup disk contains files required
                       for boot sequence, where boot sequence is the
                       initialization of key processes needed for a user
                       to interact with a computer. Therefore, every
                       computer needs a startup disk. Likewise, in
                       VirtualBox, we also need to assign a startup disk
                       of the guest operating system.


                       Many users use VirtualBox, Oracle’s cross-platform
                       app for x86 virtualization to boot other operating
                       systems right from the host operating system. The
                       operating systems run through VirtualBox is called
                       a guest operating system, and the machine it is
                       running on is called a virtual machine that
                       emulates the real machine.


                # ⚓ Basic_Linux_commands_you_should_know_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                       As you transition from Windows or Mac to Linux, you
                       will spend a lot of time working on the Linux
                       terminal. The terminal is a console that accepts
                       commands typed in by a user and executes a task on
                       the system. Running commands on the terminal is an
                       essential skill that any Linux user needs to
                       administer efficiently.


                       Linux provides tons of commands, but we will keep
                       it simple in this guide and shed light on the basic
                       Linux commands you really ought to know as you get
                       started.


                # ⚓ How_to_Change_the_Terminal_Font_Size_in_Ubuntu_–_Linux
                  Hint⠀⇛


                       When Linux server administrators spend a lot of
                       time over the terminal managing and doing
                       administrative tasks, they become bored watching
                       the same terminal screen and fonts. Individuals
                       work excellently in an environment of their
                       preference. For resolving this purpose, Ubuntu
                       provides some preference settings to customize the
                       terminal settings. This post consists of how to
                       change terminal settings and customize them
                       according to our desire.


                       In this post, we will go through a step-by-step
                       guide on changing the terminal font size, and along
                       with that, we will also learn how to change some
                       other preferences of a terminal to customize it
                       according to our taste. The steps for customizing
                       the font of the terminal are as follows.


                # ⚓ Using_LAG_Function_in_MySQL_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                       MySQL version 8.0 introduced the MySQL window
                       functions, allowing you to perform queries in an
                       easier and organized method. Thereby, increasing
                       the processing and performance. Such functions
                       include: RANK(), ROW_RANK(), LAST_VALUE(), and many
                       more.
                       In this tutorial, we shall focus on using one of
                       the MySQL functions: LAG(). It is a window function
                       that allows you to access and fetch the value of
                       previous rows from the current row within the same
                       result set.


                # ⚓ How_to_Configure_Bluetooth_On_Debian_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                       Suppose your laptop or computer has WiFi or
                       Bluetooth hardware installed. In that case, there
                       is a chance that Debian won’t recognize it
                       automatically after you’ve installed Debian on your
                       computer, as many other Linux distributions do.
                       It’s because Debian does not include these drivers
                       by default. But, you can easily install the
                       required drivers from the official Debian non-free
                       repository and get them to work on Debian.


                       In this article, I will show you how to enable and
                       configure Bluetooth on Debian 10. So, let’s get
                       started.


                # ⚓ You_Can_Now_Install_KDE_Plasma_5.22_on_Kubuntu_21.04,
                  Here’s_How⠀⇛


                       Kubuntu 21.04 was released in April 2021 and it
                       ships with the KDE Plasma 5.21 desktop environment
                       series by default. As expected, those who have
                       installed the Ubuntu flavor on their PCs would want
                       to upgrade to the recently release KDE Plasma 5.22
                       desktop environment series, and now they can.


                       The Kubuntu team announced today that the KDE
                       Plasma 5.22 packages are now available in the
                       Kubuntu Backports PPA repository, along with newer
                       versions of the KDE Frameworks and KDE Gear
                       software suites, and you can enjoy them all if you
                       follow the next instructions.


                # ⚓ How_to_Easily_Rename_Files_in_Linux_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛


                       Renaming files is not a particularly advanced
                       operation; as long as it’s done on a small number
                       of files, it usually doesn’t require special tools.
                       However, when there’s an entire folder of photos
                       from last year’s vacation waiting to be renamed, it
                       may be wise to consider some timesaving tricks or
                       apps.


                       There are two general approaches when you rename
                       files in Linux: via the command-line interface or a
                       standalone application. Linux users already know
                       how powerful the CLI can be, so it shouldn’t be
                       surprising that there are several commands for file
                       renaming.


                # ⚓ Getting_started_with_LXD_Containerization⠀⇛


                       LXD is a next generation container manager that
                       provides additional features that are similar to
                       virtual machines, such as snapshots, storage pools,
                       and more. Using Linux containers (LXC) as the
                       container type, LXD gives you the best of two
                       worlds. In this video, I’ll go over the basics of
                       LXD. You’ll learn how to set it up and launch
                       containers. For this particular video, we’ll focus
                       on LXC commands – but a follow-up that dives more
                       into LXD’s more advanced features is a possibility
                       if there’s enough interest.


                # ⚓ How_To_Install_Spigot_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛


                       In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
                       Spigot on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who
                       didn’t know, Spigot is a modification of the
                       Minecraft server software, CraftBukkit. Spigot
                       optimizes server resource usage, ensuring your
                       players have the best experience and is also
                       backward compatible with most CraftBukkit.


                       This article assumes you have at least basic
                       knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
                       most importantly, you host your site on your own
                       VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
                       you are running in the root account, if not you may
                       need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
                       privileges. I will show you the step-by-step
                       installation of the Spigot on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal
                       Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for
                       Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based
                       distribution like Linux Mint.


                # ⚓ Can_I_run_iTunes_on_a_Chromebook?⠀⇛


                       Google changed the landscape of affordable
                       computing with the advent of Chromebooks. These
                       affordable laptops running Chrome OS are ubiquitous
                       throughout the education sector. Many users also
                       prefer to use a Chromebook at home for personal
                       computing. Of course, a large percentage of those
                       people also use an iPhone as their daily mobile
                       device. It’s certainly natural to wonder how well
                       your favorite Chromebook pairs with your iPhone.
                       For many iPhone users, iTunes is still an integral
                       part of their music management routine. So, can you
                       run iTunes on your Chromebook? Let’s clear things
                       up.


                # ⚓ Rescuing_a_Linux_system_from_near_disaster_|_Network
                  World⠀⇛


                       The more you know about how Linux works, the better
                       you’ll be able do some good troubleshooting when
                       you run into a problem. In this post, we’re going
                       to dive into a problem that a contact of mine,
                       Chris Husted, recently ran into and what he did to
                       determine what was happening on his system, stop
                       the problem in its tracks, and make sure that it
                       was never going to happen again.


                # ⚓ How_to_play_Subnautica_on_Linux⠀⇛


                       Subnautica is an open-world survival/action-
                       adventure game developed and published by Unknown
                       Worlds Entertainment. In the game, the player is
                       free to explore the ocean of an alien world and is
                       encouraged to survive in it. In this guide, we’ll
                       show you how to play Subnautica on Linux.


                # ⚓ MySQL_101:_Installation,_care,_and_feeding_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛


                       One of the tasks nearly any sysadmin frequently
                       encounters is the care and feeding of the MySQL
                       database server. You can build an entire career
                       around nothing but this topic—making you a DB
                       admin, not a humble sysadmin like yours truly—but
                       for today, we’re just going to cover the basics.


                       For this guide, we’re going to be using Ubuntu
                       Linux as the underlying operating system—but most
                       of these steps and tips will be either the same, or
                       broadly similar, across nearly any OS or
                       distribution you might install MySQL on.


          o § Games⠀➾


                # ⚓ Zoomer_plays_an_old_game._Complains_its_janky⠀⇛


                       People keep telling me to look at Lugaru on these
                       streams so here we are, it’s about a rabbit that
                       does kung-fu and it might have one of the weirdest
                       and jankiest combat systems I’ve ever seen but it’s
                       so much fun.


                # ⚓ Automation_factory-building_puzzle-game_Warp_Factory_is_out
                  now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       A mixture between factory sims like Factorio and
                       puzzle elements like something Zachtronics would
                       make, Warp Factory could be your next purchase.


                       “Unleash your inner engineer and build factories to
                       produce objects of every shape and size! Use a
                       powerful system of portals to reconfigure the very
                       nature of space itself to conform to your desires!
                       Warp Factory is an automation puzzle game
                       consisting of many varied challenges – produce
                       intricate shapes one block at a time, build
                       intelligent systems that process randomized input,
                       carefully assemble strange pieces into larger
                       segments.”


                # ⚓ How_to_play_Little_Nightmares_on_Linux⠀⇛


                       Little Nightmares is a puzzle-platform/horror
                       adventure game developed by Tarsier Studios and
                       published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game
                       follows Six, a hungry little girl who must escape
                       the Maw, a vessel packed with enemies. In this
                       guide, we’ll show you how to play it on Linux.


                # ⚓ Veloren,_the_free_and_open_source_multiplayer_voxel_RPG_has
                  a_major_release_out_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       Want to try another quality free and open source
                       game? Veloren is a multiplayer voxel RPG inspired
                       by games such as Cube World, Legend of Zelda:
                       Breath of the Wild, Dwarf Fortress and Minecraft.
                       Developed in the fancy Rust coding language,
                       Veloren has grown massively over this last year and
                       it’s steadily turning into what could potentially
                       be the next truly big FOSS game.


                # ⚓ Be_ready_to_flap_your_wings_and_grind_that_pole_as
                  SkateBIRD_launches_August_12_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       During IGN’s Summer of Gaming recently, it was
                       announced that SkateBIRD shall be launching across
                       various different platforms together on August 12.


                       Skating in a miniature world, every small object
                       can be something to help with a trick. You, after
                       all, a tiny little bird. Grind, flip, and spin
                       through stages while completing challenges to
                       unlock fancy new gear, fresh fits, and secret
                       mixtapes jammed with lo-fi beats for the birb
                       boarders to chill and skate to.


                # ⚓ OpenMW_0.47.0_for_Morrowind_is_coming_with_a_Release
                  Candidate_available_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       Want to play more of the classic The Elder Scrolls
                       III: Morrowind? OpenMW is your friend. This free
                       and open source game engine reimplementation has a
                       new build that needs testing.


                       OpenMW 0.47.0 RC2 is out now with downloads
                       available for Linux, macOS and Windows!


                # ⚓ The_fantastic_Linux_gaming_overlay_MangoHud_has_a_new
                  version_out_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       MangoHud, the all in one solution to show off
                       various performance metrics for Linux gaming, has a
                       brand new version out now with more options.


                       If you’ve never heard of it, this is the same piece
                       of open source software we use in some videos for
                       showing off FPS, frame timings, VRAM and RAM use
                       and more. Here’s a quick example using GLXGears so
                       you can see what to expect from the tool


                # ⚓ Humble_are_giving_away_Surviving_Mars_for_the_next_72_hours
                  |_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       Need another game? How about a free copy of the
                       colony building game Surviving Mars? You can get it
                       free for 72 hours from Humble Bundle as of today.
                       What’s the catch? They want you to get their
                       newsletter, so they will send you all the latest
                       deals. A small price to pay for a free game, and
                       nothing stops you removing yourself from it later
                       if you don’t like their emails.


                # ⚓ Another_sci-fi_adventure_joins_ScummVM⠀⇛


                       From 1940 to 2099, Nightlong: Union City Conspiracy
                       is now ready for public testing. Take the role of
                       private investigator Joshua Reev in this cyberpunk-
                       themed adventure released in 1998 by Trecision,
                       featuring pre-rendered environments and 3D software
                       rendering. Uncover the conspiracy, and all the
                       bugs!


                       Thanks to the original developers for providing us
                       the source code, and to SupSuper, Strangerke,
                       bluegr and madmoose for porting it to ScummVM.


                # ⚓ Guilty_Gear:_Strive_Works_Great_With_Proton⠀⇛


                       Worried if that $60 you worked hard for would be a
                       waste, only to find out Guilty Gear: Strive — a
                       hybrid 2D/3D anime fighting game — doesn’t work
                       with Proton? Well, I burned that $60 for you and,
                       fortunately, the game works out of the box! Both my
                       DualSense and Series X controllers were picked up
                       and working just fine.


          o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾


                # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Plasma_5.22_available_for_Hirsute_Hippo_21.04_in
                        backports_PPA⠀⇛


                             We are pleased to announce that Plasma
                             5.22.0, is now available in our backports PPA
                             for Kubuntu 21.04 Hirsute Hippo.


                             The release announcement detailing the new
                             features and improvements in Plasma 5.22 can
                             be found here.


                      # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.23_Promises_Beautiful_New_Breeze_Theme
                        Style⠀⇛


                             KDE Plasma 5.23 promises to offer users a
                             more beautiful Plasma desktop experience by
                             including an updated Breeze theme with a new,
                             beautiful style for buttons, radio buttons,
                             checkboxes, menu items, sliders, etc.


                             Not only that it will provide a more
                             beautiful Plasma experience, but also a more
                             bug-free one since the new Breeze theme style
                             addresses some old styling issue like the
                             Breeze sliders becoming invisible when
                             selecting the parent widget or a dialog’s
                             default button color not being more visually
                             obvious.


                      # ⚓ Plasma_5.23_Picking_Up_Latest_Breeze_Evolution_Style,
                        SDDM_Lands_Native_Wayland_Support⠀⇛


                             KDE developers didn’t spend much time basking
                             over their Plasma 5.22 release this week as
                             they have already begun lining up changes for
                             the first point release, new feature work for
                             Plasma 5.23, and other improvements to this
                             open-source desktop environment.


                             [...]


                             - The Kate text editor’s Language Server
                             Protocol (LSP) now supports the Dart
                             programming language.


                             - The SDDM log-in/display manager can now be
                             run as native Wayland without relying on X11.


                             - Plasma 5.22.1 with Wayland will now detect
                             additional screens when using a multi-GPU
                             setup.


                      # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_Plasma_5.22_arrives_but_I_bet
                        you’ll_want_5.23_once_I_show_you_this⠀⇛


                             This week Plasma 5.22 was released! Overall
                             our focus on stability has paid off, and so
                             far there are no major regressions reported;
                             only a few medium-severity ones which have
                             all already been fixed in Plasma 5.21.1 . You
                             can read the release announcement, or check
                             out KDE developer Niccolò Venerandi’s lovely
                             video about it…


                             But something much bigger happened as well:
                             the next phase of the Breeze Evolution
                             initiative was merged, providing a new style
                             for buttons, menu items, checkboxes, radio
                             buttons, sliders, and more! It’s beautiful…


                      # ⚓ How_to_get_KDE_Plasma_5.22_in_Kubuntu_21.04_Hirsute
                        Hippo⠀⇛


                             The KDE team enabled the backports PPA which
                             you can use to install and upgrade to KDE
                             Plasma 5.22 in Kubuntu 21.04 Hirsute Hippo.
                             Here’s how.


                      # ⚓ KDE_Akademy_2021⠀⇛


                             In just six days, on Friday next week, KDE
                             Akademy will start, bringing us eight days
                             packed with presentations, workshops,
                             meetings, BoFs and hanging out with friends.


                      # ⚓ KDE_Ships_Frameworks_5.83.0_–_KDE_Community⠀⇛


                             KDE today announces the release of KDE
                             Frameworks 5.83.0.


                             KDE Frameworks are 83 addon libraries to Qt
                             which provide a wide variety of commonly
                             needed functionality in mature, peer reviewed
                             and well tested libraries with friendly
                             licensing terms. For an introduction see the
                             KDE Frameworks release announcement.


                             This release is part of a series of planned
                             monthly releases making improvements
                             available to developers in a quick and
                             predictable manner.


                      # ⚓ Yet_Another_Week_In_Tok⠀⇛


                             You might realise with the help of the
                             sidebar that there’s something inappropriate
                             in your chat.


                             Now, Tok will allow you to properly delete
                             others’ messages if you have the correct
                             permissions.


                      # ⚓ Lisandro_Damián_Nicanor_Pérez_Meyer:_Firsts_steps
                        into_QML⠀⇛


                             After years of using and maintaining Qt there
                             was a piece of the SDK that I never got to
                             use as a developer: QML. Thanks to ICS I’ve
                             took the free (in the sense of cost) QML
                             Programming — Fundamentals and Beyond.


                             It consists of seven sessions, which can be
                             easily done in a few days. I did them all in
                             4 days, but with enough time available you
                             can do them even faster. Of course some
                             previous knowledge of Qt is of course useful.


          o § Distributions⠀➾


                # § BSD⠀➾


                      # ⚓ helloSystem_0.5_Released_For_macOS-Inspired_FreeBSD
                        Desktop_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                             One of the most promising BSD-based desktop
                             distributions in recent times has been
                             helloSystem that wants to be the macOS of
                             BSDs with a polished desktop experience.
                             helloSystem has been making good progress
                             towards their goals in recent months and this
                             weekend now issued version 0.5.


                             The helloSystem 0.5 release is powered by
                             FreeBSD 12.2 – they have not yet moved over
                             to the recently launched FreeBSD 13.0. The
                             helloSystem 0.5 release features changes to
                             yield a smaller ISO system, their macOS-
                             inspired desktop has seen various
                             improvements, adding of the MTP Android File
                             Transfer utility, and a lot of other desktop-
                             related enhancements. There are also many
                             fixes like “sudo su” now working. The
                             helloDesktop stack also supports making use
                             of KWin rather than Openbox but the latter
                             remains the default.


                      # ⚓ Increasing_the_density_of_the_home_lab_with_FreeBSD
                        Jails⠀⇛


                             I have attempted to consolidate the home lab
                             before, but not with this level of success.
                             There was the time I tried deploying a
                             single-node Kubernetes cluster, which worked
                             for a time until some upgrade caused the
                             software-defined networking to break in a way
                             I wasn’t interested in debugging in my free
                             time. Following that I tried to go “old
                             school” and started spinning up libvirt-based
                             virtual machines which worked well for a long
                             time. The major downside of that approach is
                             that I simply wasn’t able to get much density
                             because of the significant overhead for each
                             virtual machine. At some point you run out of
                             memory to commit to each VM.


                             Converting virtual machines to FreeBSD Jails
                             took a few hours over a weekend, and since
                             then the quantity of what is running has
                             jumped dramatically. Originally I was
                             running: [...]


                # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾


                      # ⚓ openSUSE_Tumbleweed_–_Review_of_the_week_2021/23_–
                        Dominique_a.k.a._DimStar_(Dim*)⠀⇛


                             Dear Tumbleweed users and hackers,


                             Today, the weekly review reaches you a little
                             bit late: I was out early yesterday to enjoy
                             the weather. Here, the sun is finally coming
                             out for more than just a few minutes. But,
                             back to the important things that are the
                             openSUSE Tumbleweed snapshots. Namely, we
                             have released 6 snapshots (0603, 0604, 0605,
                             0606, 0609, and 0610) in the last week.


                # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Poettering:_The_Wondrous_World_of_Discoverable_GPT
                        Disk_Images⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ VzLinux_ISO_Download_–_Another_CentOS_8_alternative_–
                        Linux_Shout⠀⇛


                             Last year RedHat announced the ending of Long
                             term support for CentOS 8, which was really a
                             shock to the Linux community, especially for
                             those relying on it for their server
                             applications. Since then other developers
                             started to compensate for this void by trying
                             to provide the best alternative to CentOS, a
                             leading server OS on cloud and hosting
                             services, free of cost. AlmaLinux and Rocky
                             Linux are the best examples of that. I don’t
                             think taking a U-turn for CentOS was a wise
                             idea because it doesn’t only give birth to
                             two new Redhat Linux clones that can be
                             counted on but also more are underway. And
                             one of them is VzLinux.


                      # ⚓ Cloud’s_Trillion_Dollars_2030_Potential [Ed: IBMers
                        past and present falling in love with buzzwords]⠀⇛


                             “Thanks in part to cloud, Moderna was able to
                             deliver the first clinical batch of its
                             vaccine candidate (mRNA-1273) to the US
                             National Institute of Health for phase one
                             trials just 42 days after the initial
                             sequencing of the virus,” wrote the authors
                             of a recent McKinsey article, – Cloud’s
                             trillion dollar prize is up for grabs. When
                             the COVID-19 pandemic hit, “The company was
                             well positioned to quickly design research
                             experiments and to harness its automated
                             laboratory and manufacturing processes and
                             enhanced drug-discovery pipeline.”


                             Over the past year, a number of articles have
                             pointed out that, in response to the
                             pandemic, digital adoption by business and
                             consumers has already reached levels that
                             weren’t expected for many years. “More
                             companies are starting to see the real
                             benefits of cloud, which has been long
                             heralded as a catalyst for innovation and
                             digital transformation, thanks to its ability
                             to increase development speed and provide
                             near-limitless scale,” adds the McKinsey
                             article. “While Moderna’s success illustrates
                             the business opportunities that cloud makes
                             possible, it only scratches the surface of
                             the potential value at stake. A detailed
                             review of cloud cost-optimization levers and
                             value-oriented business use cases foresees
                             more than $1 trillion in run-rate EBITDA [an
                             accounting measure of a company’s overall
                             financial performance] across Fortune 500
                             companies as up for grabs in 2030.”


                      # ⚓ Rocky_Linux_8.4_RC1_Available_Now⠀⇛


                             Please note that a release candidate is not
                             suitable for production use. You can report
                             any bugs or issues here. The upgrade from
                             Rocky Linux 8.3 RC1 to Rocky Linux 8.4 RC1 is
                             not supported, meaning it will not be tested
                             nor documented.


                      # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Friday’s_Fedora_Facts:_2021-
                        23⠀⇛


                             Here’s your weekly Fedora report. Read what
                             happened this week and what’s coming up. Your
                             contributions are welcome (see the end of the
                             post)!


                             Don’t forget to take the Annual Fedora Survey
                             and claim your badge!


                             I have weekly office hours on Wednesdays in
                             the morning and afternoon (US/Eastern time)
                             in #fedora-meeting-1. Drop by if you have any
                             questions or comments about the schedule,
                             Changes, elections, or anything else. See the
                             upcoming meetings for more information.


                # § Debian Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ fabre.debian.net_has_moved_to_Debian.net_Team
                        Infrastructure。⠀⇛


                             Today, fabre.debian.net has moved to
                             Debian.net Team Infrastructure


                             So far, fabre.debian.net was sponsored by
                             FOSSHOST which provides us a VPS instance
                             since Jan, 2021. It was located at OSU Open
                             Source Lab. It worked pretty well, Thanks
                             FOSSHOST sponsorship since ever!


                      # ⚓ Future_of_Cinnamon_in_Debian_|_There_and_back_again⠀⇛


                             OK, this is not an easy post. I have been
                             maintaining Cinnamon in Debian for quite some
                             time, since around the times version 4 came
                             out. The soon (hahaha) to be released
                             Bullseye will carry the last release of the
                             4-track, but version 5 is already waiting,
                             After Bullseye, the future of Cinnamon in
                             Debian currently looks bleak.


                             Since my switch to KDE/Plasma, I haven’t used
                             Cinnamon in months. Only occasionally I
                             tested new releases, but never gave them a
                             real-world test. Having left Gnome3 for it’s
                             complete lack of usability for pro-users, I
                             escaped to Cinnamon and found a good home
                             there for quite some time – using modern
                             technology but keeping user interface changes
                             conservative. For long time I haven’t even
                             contemplated using KDE, having been burned
                             during the bad days of KDE3/4 when bloat-as-
                             bloat-can-be was the best description.


                      # ⚓ Mike_Gabriel:_New_Debian_Packaging_Team:_BBB
                        Packaging_Team_(and_Kurento_Media_Server_goes_Debian)⠀⇛


                             Today, Fre(i)e Software GmbH has been
                             contracted for packaging Kurento Media Server
                             for Debian. This packaging project will be
                             funded by GUUG e.V. (the German Unix User
                             Group e.V.). A big thanks to the people from
                             GUUG e.V. for making this packaging project
                             possible.


          o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾


                # ⚓ The_$149_Smartphone_That_Could_Bring_The_Linux_Mobile
                  Ecosystem_to_Life⠀⇛


                       It sounds strange, but it’s something Pine64’s
                       entry into the smartphone space, the Linux-driven
                       PinePhone, is built for.


                       Would you want to use it? I spent a few weeks with
                       one recently, and here’s what I learned.


                       [...]


                       Now, to be clear, there’s a difference between
                       workable and cutting-edge. Unlike the Pinebook Pro,
                       which offered relatively up-to-date hardware (such
                       as the ability to add an NVMe drive) even if the
                       chip itself was a bit pokey compared to, say, an
                       M1, the PinePhone effectively is knowingly running
                       outdated hardware out of the gate.


                       Its CPU, an Allwinner A64 with a Mali 400 MP2 GPU,
                       first came out six years ago and is the same chip
                       the original Pine64 single-board computer used.
                       (It’s also older than the NXP i.MX 8M System-On-
                       Module that the other primary Linux phone on the
                       market, the Purism Librem 5, comes with—though to
                       be fair, this phone sells for $149, less than a
                       fifth of the price of the $800 Librem 5.)


                       Despite 802.11ac being in wide use for more than
                       half a decade, the Wi-Fi tops out at 802.11n on the
                       PinePhone—a bit frustrating, given that a lot of
                       folks are probably not going to be throwing a SIM
                       card into this and are going to be futzing around
                       with it on Wi-Fi alone.


                       Is this the perfect phone for cheapskates? Well, to
                       offer a point of comparison: The Teracube 2e, a
                       sustainable low-end Android device that I reviewed
                       a few months ago whose sub-$200 price point is very
                       similar to that of the PinePhone, runs circles
                       around this thing (and isn’t that far off from the
                       Librem 5) on a pure spec level, with better
                       cameras, a somewhat better screen, and a
                       fingerprint sensor for a roughly similar price
                       point (and a four-year warranty, compared to the
                       single month you get from Pine64). If you’re
                       looking for a cheap phone rather than an adventure,
                       stay away.


                       And the PinePhone can be fairly temperamental in my
                       experience, chewing through battery life when idle
                       and reporting inconsistent charge levels when in
                       use, no matter what OS is loaded.


                # ⚓ Compact_Elkhart_Lake_module_has_2.5GbE_and_triple_4K⠀⇛


                       Portwell’s Linux-ready “PCOM-B645VG” Compact Type 6
                       module offers Intel Elkhart Lake E and RE CPUs plus
                       up to 32GB ECC RAM, triple 4K displays, 2.5GbE, 2x
                       USB 3.1 Gen2, 6x PCIe 3.0, and -40 to 85°C support.


                # ⚓ RasPad_3_Review_–_Part_1:_Raspberry_Pi_4_“tablet”_specs,
                  unboxing_and_assembly⠀⇛


                       RasPad tablet kit for Raspberry Pi 3B+ and other
                       SBC’s was introduced in 2018, but Sunfounder has
                       recently introduced an update, RasPad 3 that
                       supports the more powerful Raspberry Pi 4 SBC.


                       After seeing my review of CrowPi2 Raspberry Pi 4
                       education laptop, the company asked me whether I’d
                       be interested in reviewing Raspad 3 as well. So
                       here we are, and I’ve received a sample of the
                       tablet kit.


                       As usual, I’ll do a two-part review, with unboxing
                       and assembly of the kit. Since I previously missed
                       the RasPad 3 announcement, I’ll start by listing
                       some of the specifications.


                # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Intel_made_$2bn+_takeover_offer_for_RISC-V_chip
                        darling_SiFive_–_report⠀⇛


                             Intel offered more than $2bn to acquire RISC-
                             V chip designer SiFive, it was reported
                             today.


                             The approach by the x86 processor giant was
                             among a number of takeover offers made to the
                             semiconductor startup, according to
                             Bloomberg, which cited unnamed sources.


                             It’s said these discussions are in an early
                             stage, no deal may ever be reached, and
                             SiFive may prefer to take an investment round
                             from interested parties rather than sell out.
                             It raised $61m last year in a series-E round,
                             and has been valued at an estimated $500m.
                             SiFive has Qualcomm, Western Digital, and SK
                             Hynix among its backers, and is said to have
                             tapped up potential advisers to deal with
                             this outside interest.


                      # ⚓ RISC-V_boffins_lay_out_a_plan_for_bringing_the
                        architecture_to_high-performance_computing⠀⇛


                             RISC-V International, the nonprofit at the
                             helm of the free and open-source CPU
                             instruction set architecture, says it is
                             writing a high-performance computing (HPC)
                             roadmap of “new features and capabilities.”


                             For an architecture which only began life at
                             the University of California, Berkeley, in
                             2010, RISC-V has enjoyed considerable
                             success.


                             A wealth of products based on RISC-V are
                             already in the market, with more arriving
                             regularly, but the majority of these, like
                             Seagate’s storage processor designs and the
                             OpenTitan root-of-trust (RoT), target
                             embedded or otherwise less performance-
                             critical applications.


                      # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_4_Model_B_review:_A_capable,_flexible
                        and_affordable_DIY_computing_platform_Review_|_ZDNet
                        [Ed: Reviewed by a Microsoft operative, Simon Bisson]⠀⇛


                             The latest generation of devices is the
                             Raspberry Pi 4 series, with a significantly
                             upgraded processor and up to 8GB of RAM. The
                             Pi 4 still has the same set of 40 GPIO pins
                             for working with your own or third-party
                             hardware, as well as a set of USB 2 and USB 3
                             ports and a pair of micro-HDMI video outputs.
                             Power is from USB-C, and there’s 802.11ac Wi-
                             Fi and Gigabit Ethernet for connectivity.
                             Raspberry Pi has recently delivered a Power-
                             over-Ethernet (PoE) option, which is ideal
                             for IoT projects where a Pi can be dropped at
                             the end of an Ethernet cable.


                      # ⚓ L293D_and_DC_Motor_with_Raspberry_PI_Pico_and
                        MicroPython⠀⇛


                             DC Motors are the most common and used
                             components in robotics. With L293D chip you
                             can drive many of these motors from Raspberry
                             PI Pico with MicroPyton


                             In this tutorial I’m going to show you how
                             this dual H-bridge motor driver integrated
                             circuit works and how to setup an L293D with
                             Raspberry PI Pico using MicroPython.


                      # ⚓ How_do_you_use_data_to_solve_a_real-world_problem?_|
                        Hello_World_#16⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_Wiretrustee_SATA_Pi_Board_is_a_true_SATA_NAS⠀⇛


                             Wiretrustee’s SATA Board integrates a SATA
                             controller and data and power for up to four
                             SATA drives with a Raspberry Pi Compute
                             Module 4.


                             And their entire solution makes for a great
                             little Raspberry Pi-based NAS, using software
                             like OpenMediaVault.


                      # ⚓ This_freeform_sculpture_doubles_as_a_drink
                        temperature_monitor_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛


                             While some prefer iced coffee, few like a cup
                             of Joe that’s been sitting out for too long
                             and has simply stabilized to room
                             temperature. To ensure his beverage is up to
                             snuff, YouTuber Make Fun Stuff has created
                             his own non-contact temperature display for
                             his desk.


                             The device features a brass rod circuit
                             sculpture that holds an IR sensor over the
                             drink, transferring signals to an Arduino
                             Nano in the assembly’s base. The Nano is
                             turned on via a small switch, which is
                             activated by the weight of the mug when in
                             place. Five LEDs are used to indicate how hot
                             the coffee is, embedded inside almost-
                             drilled-through holes in the wood. This
                             allows the lights to shine visibly when
                             active and disappear when off, preserving an
                             understated look for the unit.


                # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Android_12_Beta_2_has_a_new_way_of_managing_Wi-Fi
                        connections_–_The_Verge⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ iOS_15_vs._Android_12_preview:_Which_OS_looks_more
                        impressive?_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Gboard_Gains_Android_12′s_“Dynamic_Color”_Feature⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_first_Android_flagship_with_a_camera_hidden_under
                        the_screen_might’ve_been_revealed_–_BGR⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Android_TVs_could_get_a_long_awaited_feature_…but_not
                        in_time_for_E3_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ PUBG_Mobile_Traverse_1.4_global_version_update:_APK
                        download_link_for_Android_devices⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Google_wants_to_look_like_it_cares_about_your_privacy
                        with_Android_12_Beta_2,_but_note_that’s_not_how_Google
                        works_•_The_Register⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_Android_12_beta_is_the_most_downloaded_beta_in
                        Android_history_“by_far”_–_comments⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Android_12_may_make_setting_up_smart_home_gadgets
                        less_obnoxious⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Realme_X_Gets_Android_11-Based_Realme_UI_2.0_Early
                        Access:_How_to_Download⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Best_kids_games_on_Xbox_Game_Pass_for_Android_2021_|
                        Android_Central⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Tormentum,_and
                        more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Google_Chrome_for_Android_may_soon_gain_a
                        customizable_‘toolbar_shortcut’_|_Android_Central⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ How_to_Turn_Off_Google_Assistant_on_Android,
                        Chromebook,_and_Smart_Devices⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ This_Week_in_Apps:_WWDC_21_highlights,_Instagram
                        Creator_Week_recap,_Android_12_beta_2_arrives_–
                        TechCrunch⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Samsung_Android_11_update:_These_devices_have_One_UI
                        3.0_–_9to5Google⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Motorola_Android_11_update:_List_of_eligible_devices
                        &_release_date⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Xiaomi_Mi_11_Ultra_review:_Premium_android_smartphone
                        rivals_Google,_Samsung⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ How_to_Connect_and_Use_a_Mouse_on_Android⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Here’s_how_Google_could_safely_bring_extensions_to
                        Chrome_for_Android_|_Android_Central⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ 3_best_Android_apps_to_get_Free_Fire_diamonds_after
                        OB28_update⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Best_new_Android_Games_This_Week:_Albion_Online,
                        MergeCrafter,_Dinosaur_Park_and_More_–_Droid_Gamers⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_7_Best_Android_Browsers_With_a_Built-In_VPN⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ PUBG:_New_State_APK_and_OBB_download_link_for_Android
                        |_Dot_Esports⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Google_forced_to_make_a_major_change_to_all_Android
                        phones_this_summer_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Want_a_clearer_Android_Car_screen?_This_will_replace
                        the_app’s_shortcuts⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Best_Free_Android_Apps:_Tusky_–_lightweight_client
                        for_Mastodon⠀⇛


                             Mastodon is a free and open source
                             microblogging platform similar to Twitter,
                             but with user privacy and decentralization in
                             mind. It’s one of many protocols that
                             interacts with the Fediverse of protocols
                             like Pleroma, GNU Social, and others. Unlike
                             Twitter, Mastodon is not one social network.


                             Getting started with Mastodon can be
                             confusing for newcomers. Mastodon is a
                             federated service. This means its similar to
                             email. You can create an email account with
                             many different providers. And that’s the same
                             with Mastodon. The service lets you sign up
                             to one of many sites that run Mastodon
                             software, called instances. A user can
                             communicate with other Mastodon users on
                             different instances.


          o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾


                # ⚓ Huawei’s_HarmonyOS_already_has_134,000_apps,_over_4_million
                  developers_have_signed_on⠀⇛


                       Eligible devices that migrate to HarmonyOS 2.0 will
                       retain apps and data (the exception being apps that
                       rely on Google Play Services). With backwards
                       compatibility covered, Huawei is looking forward to
                       the future when HarmonyOS will run its own apps
                       instead ones designed for Android.


                       Huawei announced that over 4 million developers
                       have signed on to build on the Harmony platform and
                       that there are already 134,000 apps using HMS Core.
                       HMS Core itself keeps evolving and yesterday’s
                       event saw the launch of version 6.0 with extended
                       support for Huawei’s cloud services.


                # ⚓ RapidDisk_7.2.0_now_available⠀⇛


                       RapidDisk is an advanced Linux RAM Disk which
                       consists of a collection of modules and an
                       administration tool. Features include: Dynamically
                       allocate RAM as block device. Use them as stand
                       alone disk drives or even map them as caching nodes
                       to slower local disk drives.


                # ⚓ Moving_my_home_media_library_from_iTunes_to_Jellyfin_and
                  Infuse⠀⇛


                       Since 2008, I’ve ripped every DVD and Blu-Ray I
                       bought to my Mac, with a collection of SD and HD
                       media totaling around 2 TB today. To make that
                       library accessible, I’ve always used iTunes and the
                       iTunes Shared Library functionality that—while it
                       still exists today—seems to be on life support, in
                       kind of a “we still support it because the code is
                       there” state.


                       The writing’s been on the wall for a few years,
                       especially after the split from iTunes to “Music”
                       and “TV” apps, and while I tested out Plex a few
                       years back, I never really considered switching to
                       another home media library system, mostly due to
                       laziness.


                # § Events⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Explore_Cloud_Native_Data_Protection_&_Micro_Brews
                        with_Trilio_|_SUSE_Communities⠀⇛


                             Whew! They’re just getting started but after
                             all that, it’s time for a Micro Brew! Not
                             much doesn’t go nicely with a crisp Micro
                             Brew, and Trilio is demonstrating that with
                             their upcoming webinar, Cloud Native Craft
                             Beer Tasting, so you’ve got to love that.


                      # ⚓ First_Apache_Ignite_Summit_Energizes_Global_Audience
                        |_Benzinga⠀⇛


                             GridGain® Systems, provider of enterprise-
                             grade in-memory computing solutions powered
                             by the Apache® Ignite® distributed database,
                             today discussed the success of the first
                             virtual Ignite Summit, which took place on
                             May 25, 2021. Twenty-five speakers from
                             industry-leading companies including finance,
                             biotech, health & fitness, construction and
                             cloud computing led 15 hours of discussion
                             about how Apache Ignite delivers the
                             performance and scale required to address the
                             world’s most challenging computational and
                             hybrid transactional/analytical processing
                             requirements. The global virtual conference
                             had hundreds of participants from North
                             America, Latin America, EMEA and APAC, with
                             an average of five hours of attendance per
                             participant.


                # § Web Browsers⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Top_10_Free_Proxy_Servers_for_Anonymous_Web_Browsing
                        |_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛


                             Proxy servers provide security and privacy
                             between you and your internet activities.
                             Accessing the internet plays a key role for
                             education purposes, social interaction, and
                             facilitating business activities. However,
                             governments, hackers, and advertisers can see
                             most of your internet activities.


                             The information under risk includes your
                             location, the kind of computer you are using,
                             and your browser history.


                             To mitigate risks in accessing the internet,
                             you can use a web proxy server to protect
                             your online privacy and help you to avoid
                             geographical restrictions. Most of these
                             restrictions are imposed by education
                             institutions, governments, or your workplace.


                      # ⚓ The_modern_web_design_aesthetic_of_hiding_visited
                        links⠀⇛


                             I’m sure I noticed this subconsciously
                             before, but actually creating site style
                             after site style in Stylus has rubbed my nose
                             in just how many of the sites I wanted to fix
                             use the standard black, white, and blue
                             colour scheme. It’s also made me aware of how
                             common a basic scheme of black, white, and
                             underlined links is (it’s probably the second
                             most common one I alter).


                      # § Mozilla⠀➾


                            # ⚓ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_10.5a16⠀⇛


                                   Tor Browser 10.5a16 is now available
                                   from the Tor Browser download page and
                                   also from our distribution directory.


                                   Note: This is an alpha release, an
                                   experimental version for users who want
                                   to help us test new features. For
                                   everyone else, we recommend downloading
                                   the latest stable release instead.


                            # ⚓ Privacy_analysis_of_FLoC_(Mozilla_blog) [Ed:
                              Fails to mention an obvious conflict of interest.
                              The person (and company) that wrote this blog
                              post is mostly sponsored by Google, so there is
                              no expectation of objectivity; cannot criticise
                              who pays the salary. Mozilla won't protect your
                              privacy; it will protect its revenue sources,
                              which view privacy as a business obstacle.]⠀⇛


                                   Over on the Mozilla blog, Eric Rescorla
                                   looks into some of the privacy
                                   implications of the Federated Learning
                                   of Cohorts (FLoC), which is a Google
                                   effort to replace third-party cookies
                                   with a different type of identifier
                                   that is less trackable. But less
                                   tracking does not equal no tracking.


                            # ⚓ Data@Mozilla:_Danger_zone:_handling_sensitive
                              data_in_Glean [Ed: Mozilla surveillance]⠀⇛


                                   Over the years, a number of projects at
                                   Mozilla had to handle the collection of
                                   sensitive data users explicitly decided
                                   to share with us (think, just as an
                                   example, things as sensitive as full
                                   URLs). Most of the time projects were
                                   designed and built over our legacy
                                   telemetry systems, leaving developers
                                   with the daunting task of validating
                                   their implementations, asking for
                                   security reviews and re-inventing their
                                   APIs.


                                   With the advent of Glean, Mozilla’s
                                   Data Org took the opportunity to
                                   improve this area, allowing our
                                   internal customers to build better data
                                   products.


                                   [...]


                                   As discussed, ping encryption is not a
                                   feature required by all products using
                                   Glean. From a client standpoint, it is
                                   also a feature that has the potential
                                   to significantly increase the size of
                                   the final Glean SDK because, in most
                                   environments, external dependencies are
                                   necessary to encrypt the ping payload.
                                   Ideally, we should find a way to make
                                   it an opt-in feature i.e. only users
                                   that actually need it pay the (size)
                                   price for it. And so we did.


                                   Ping encryption was the perfect use
                                   case to implement a new and long
                                   discussed feature in the Glean SDKs:
                                   plugins. By implementing the ping
                                   encryption as a plugin and not a core
                                   feature, we achieve the goal of making
                                   it an opt-in feature. This strategy
                                   also has the added bonus of keeping the
                                   encryption initialization parameters
                                   out of the Glean configuration object,
                                   win/win.


                                   Since the ping encryption plugin would
                                   be the first ever Glean SDK plugin, we
                                   needed to figure out our plugin
                                   architecture. In a nutshell, the
                                   concept we settled for is: plugins are
                                   classes that define an action to be
                                   performed when a specific Glean event
                                   happens. Each event might provide extra
                                   context for the action performed by the
                                   plugin and might require that the
                                   plugin return a modified version of
                                   said context. Plugin instances are
                                   passed to Glean as initialization
                                   parameters.


                # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾


                      # ⚓ NoSql_Injection_Cheatsheet⠀⇛


                             In this post, I’ll walk through the various
                             ways that you might determine if injections
                             are possible, focusing primarily on the most
                             popular NoSQL database, Mongo. From simplest
                             to hardest: [...]


                      # ⚓ DNS_cache_snooping_attack⠀⇛


                             It works by exploiting the fact that DNS
                             resolvers do not perform actual resolution
                             for every query they get, instead they all
                             rely on one or several caches, allowing them
                             to remember the responses they have recently
                             received for a certain time, up to the “TTL”
                             value of the response. So if we can determine
                             that a given domain is in the cache, we know
                             that it was queried at most “TTL” seconds
                             ago.


                # § FSF⠀➾


                      # ⚓ FSF_and_GNU_move_official_IRC_channels_to_Libera.Chat
                        network⠀⇛


                      # § GNU Projects⠀➾


                            # ⚓ GNU_Guix:_Reproducible_data_processing
                              pipelines⠀⇛


                                   Over the last year and half, perhaps
                                   you had the “opportunity” to
                                   participate in an on-line conference,
                                   or even to organize one. If so, chances
                                   are that you already know BigBlueButton
                                   (BBB), the free software video
                                   conferencing suite initially designed
                                   for on-line teaching. In a nutshell, it
                                   allows participants to chat (audio,
                                   video, and keyboard), and speakers can
                                   share their screen or a PDF slide deck.
                                   Organizers can also record the session.


                                   BBB then creates a link to recorded
                                   sessions with a custom JavaScript
                                   player that replays everything: typed
                                   chat, audio and video (webcams), shared
                                   screens, and slide decks. This BBB
                                   replay a bit too rough though and often
                                   not the thing you’d like to publish
                                   after the conference. Instead, you’d
                                   rather do a bit of editing: adjusting
                                   the start and end time of each talk,
                                   removing live chat from what’s
                                   displayed (which allows you to remove
                                   info that personally identifies
                                   participants, too!), and so forth.
                                   Turns out this kind of post-processing
                                   is a bit of work, primarily because BBB
                                   does “the right thing” of recording
                                   each stream separately, in the most
                                   appropriate form: webcam and screen
                                   shares are recorded as separate videos,
                                   chat is recorded as text with timings,
                                   slide decks is recorded as a bunch of
                                   PNGs plus timings, and then there’s a
                                   bunch of XML files with metadata
                                   putting it all together.


                                   Anyway, with a bit of searching, we
                                   quickly found the handy bbb-render
                                   tool, which can first download all
                                   these files and then assemble them
                                   using the Python interface to the
                                   GStreamer Editing Services (GES). Good
                                   thing: we don’t have to figure out all
                                   these things; we “just” have to run
                                   these two scripts in an environment
                                   with the right dependencies. And guess
                                   what: we know of a great tool to
                                   control execution environments!


                            # ⚓ Bootloader_Grub_2.06_improves_security_–_Market
                              Research_Telecast⠀⇛


                                   The latest version of the Linux boot
                                   loader Grub 2.06 promises two major
                                   innovations: The software now supports
                                   boot partitions that are encrypted with
                                   LUKS2. The update also contains several
                                   bug fixes and security enhancements.
                                   It’s the first new version of Grub in
                                   almost two years. It was originally
                                   supposed to appear in the summer of
                                   2020, when a nasty security hole got in
                                   the way of the developers.


                                   A bug called BootHole allowed attackers
                                   to hook themselves into the boot
                                   process and execute malicious code ().
                                   Initially, Linux distributors sealed
                                   their own Grub packages themselves.
                                   Unfortunately BootHole patches blocked
                                   Red Hat, CentOS, Debian and Ubuntu
                                   Grub2. Only with the now released
                                   version 2.06 Grub officially stuffs the
                                   BootHole and its colleague BootHole2.


                # § Programming/Development⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Intel’s_ISPC_Compiler_Adds_Alder_Lake_+_Sapphire
                        Rapids_Support_And_Apple_Arm_Chips_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                             On Friday afternoon Intel released a new
                             version of their ISPC compiler, the Implicit
                             SPMD Program Compiler, that supports a
                             variant of the C programming language with
                             extensions around single-program, multiple-
                             data programming for CPU and GPU execution.
                             Not only does this release prepare support
                             for upcoming Intel CPUs but also adds support
                             now for Apple’s Arm processors.


                             While this C-based SPMD programming language
                             and compiler are tailored to Intel’s
                             architecture and exploiting the performance
                             especially with SSE and AVX vectorization,
                             the new ISPC 1.16 release adds support for
                             Apple’s Arm chips. There are CPU definitions
                             added for Apple’s Arm chips going back to the
                             A7. Additionally, support for macOS ARM
                             targets were added to this build as well.
                             With the ISPC compiler being based on the
                             LLVM compiler stack, adding Arm support isn’t
                             much of a challenge but will be interesting
                             to see how well this SPMD programming
                             compiler can perform for Arm.


                      # ⚓ Wrote_a_quick_hack_to_open_chroot_in_emacs_tramp.⠀⇛


                             Wrote a quick hack to open chroot in emacs
                             tramp. I wrote a mode for cros_sdk and it was
                             relatively simple. I figured that chroot must
                             be easier. I could write one in about 30
                             minutes. I need to mount proc and home inside
                             the chroot to make it useful, but here goes.
                             chroot-tramp.el


                      # ⚓ Tail-call_optimization_in_Elm⠀⇛


                             In my own understanding, the Elm compiler is
                             able to apply tail-call optimization only
                             when a recursive call (1) is a simple
                             function application and (2) is the last
                             operation that the function does in a branch.


                      # ⚓ Computing_the_number_of_digits_of_an_integer_even
                        faster⠀⇛


                             On computers, you can quickly compute the
                             integer logarithm in base 2, and it follows
                             that you can move from one to the other
                             rather quickly. You just need a correction
                             which you can implement with a table. A very
                             good solution found in references such as
                             Hacker’s Delight is as follows: [...]


                      # ⚓ Diving_into_toolchains⠀⇛


                             I’ve been wanting to learn more about
                             compilers and toolchains in general for a
                             while now. In June 2016, I asked about
                             recommended readings on lexers and parsers on
                             Twitter. However, I have to confess that I
                             didn’t go forward with reading the Dragon
                             Book.


                             Instead, I got involved as a developer in the
                             OpenBSD and NetBSD projects, and witnessing
                             the evolution of toolchains within those
                             systems played a big role in maintaining my
                             interest and fascination in the topic. In
                             retrospective, it now becomes apparent that
                             the work I did on porting and packaging
                             software for those systems really helped to
                             put in perspective how the different parts of
                             the toolchains interact together to produce
                             binaries.


                      # ⚓ Introducing_8088ify:_The_CP/M_to_MS-DOS_assembly
                        translator⠀⇛


                             Today I cut the first release of 8088ify, a
                             program that translates Intel 8080 CP/
                             M assembly language to Intel 8086 (8088) MS-
                             DOS assembly language.


                      # ⚓ Converting_Twisted’s_inlineCallbacks_to_async⠀⇛


                             Almost a year ago we had a push at Element to
                             convert the remaining instances of Twisted’s
                             inlineCallbacks to use native async/await
                             syntax from Python [1]. Eventually this work
                             got covered by issue #7988 (which is the
                             original basis for this blogpost).


                             Note that Twisted itself gained some support
                             for async functions in 16.4.


                             [...]


                             As part of this I threw together an “Are We
                             Async Yet?” site. It is pretty basic, but
                             tracks the amount of code using
                             defer.inlineCallbacks vs. async. As a side-
                             effect you can see how the code has grown
                             over time (with a few instances of major
                             shrinking). [4]


                             And last, but not least, I definitely did not
                             convert all of Synapse myself! It was done
                             incrementally by the entire team over years!
                             My coworkers mostly laid the groundwork and I
                             did much of the mechanical changes. And…we’re
                             still not quite done, although the remaining
                             places heavily interact with Twisted APIs or
                             manually generate a Deferred and use
                             addCallback (so they’re not straightforward
                             to convert).


                      # ⚓ Skyve:_Cross-platform_open-source_low-code_platform⠀⇛


                             Skyve is an open-source Low-code tool that
                             let you build and deploy application easily.
                             Skyve perfectly for developers and Software
                             providers to build and provide SaaS and
                             Cloud-based products. It focused on the
                             capability (rather than functionality).


                             [...]


                             Skyve is released under LGPL-2.1License.


                      # ⚓ Best_Programming_Languages_for_Machine_Learning⠀⇛


                             It is well known to every corporate house
                             that many jobs will soon end up being
                             automated and performed by robots and AI in
                             the near future, so it is a smart move to
                             know the best career choices which include in
                             the domains of data science, artificial
                             intelligence, machine learning, and
                             technologies related to them.


                             Though there is a bright and secure
                             possibility in the above-mentioned careers,
                             the marketplace for jobs remains unbalanced
                             and there are still many more jobs open and
                             available than there are qualified applicants
                             to fill those jobs. If you are just about to
                             start your IT career and searching for the
                             best new skills to learn, there are chances
                             that you might get confused about what are
                             the best skills to emphasize in the next
                             courses you choose.


                             Don’t worry we have brought you the best
                             programming languages for machine learning
                             which will most likely secure your future,
                             you may already have one or more of these
                             skills and if you think we have missed out on
                             something then don’t forget to comment on it
                             down below.


                      # § Python⠀➾


                            # ⚓ How_I_teach_Python_on_the_Raspberry_Pi_400_at
                              the_public_library_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛


                                   After a long and tough year, I’ve been
                                   looking forward to once again sharing
                                   my love of Python and open source
                                   software with other people, especially
                                   middle and high school students. Before
                                   the pandemic, I co-wrote a grant to
                                   teach Python programming to middle
                                   school students using Raspberry Pi
                                   computers. Like many other plans,
                                   COVID-19 put mine on hold for over a
                                   year. Fortunately, vaccines and the
                                   improved health in my state, New York,
                                   have changed the dynamic.


                                   A couple of months ago, once I became
                                   fully vaccinated, I offered to self-
                                   fund a Raspberry Pi and Python
                                   programming course in our local public
                                   library system. The Chautauqua-
                                   Cattaraugus Library system accepted my
                                   proposal, and the co-central library in
                                   Olean, N.Y., offered to fund my
                                   program. The library purchased five
                                   Raspberry Pi 400 units, Micro-HDMI-to-
                                   VGA adapters, and inline power
                                   adapters, and the library system’s IT
                                   department loaned us five VGA monitors.


                            # ⚓ Speech_to_Text_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                                   Speech recognition is a technique that
                                   converts the human voice to text. This
                                   is a very important concept in the
                                   Artificial Intelligence world where we
                                   have to give commands to a machine like
                                   a driverless car, etc.


                            # ⚓ Iterate_Through_Dictionary_Python_–_Linux
                              Hint⠀⇛


                                   Just like a regular manual dictionary,
                                   a Python dictionary also works in the
                                   same way. The dictionary helps the user
                                   in storing and manipulating data in
                                   different data structures. Items of the
                                   dictionary are changeable, ordered, and
                                   concurrent. In this article, we will
                                   elaborate on the working of Python
                                   dictionaries.


                            # ⚓ Python_Zip_Function_Examples_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                                   The zip() method in Python builds an
                                   iterator that combines items from
                                   several iterables. The iterator that
                                   results may be used to handle basic
                                   programming challenges such as
                                   constructing dictionaries. The zip()
                                   method accepts a list of iterables,
                                   which might be zero or maybe more, and
                                   returns a tuple. But when you give it a
                                   tuple, you must convert the resultant
                                   list into a tuple first. You will learn
                                   how to utilize the Python zip() method
                                   to tackle real-world situations in this
                                   article using Ubuntu 20.04 Linux
                                   System. First of all, we need to log in
                                   from the Ubuntu Login panel after
                                   starting it.


                                   After the login, you have to make sure
                                   that your system and its apt package
                                   are updated to the current date to work
                                   efficiently on Python. Then, launch the
                                   Ubuntu 20.04 command-line terminal to
                                   work on the console. You can open it
                                   from the shortcut key “Ctrl+Alt+T” or
                                   otherwise open it from the activity
                                   search bar from the applications
                                   provided in the corner. After opening
                                   the terminal, we need to update the apt
                                   package from the mentioned below query.


                            # ⚓ Using_Namedtuple_in_Python_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                                   Python comes with an inbuilt module
                                   called collections, which provides
                                   various classes and functions as an
                                   alternative to Python inbuilt data
                                   structures such as dict, list, set, and
                                   tuple.


                                   This Python tutorial will discuss
                                   namedtuple, one of the factory
                                   functions of the collections’ module.
                                   We will go through all the important
                                   concepts of Python namedtuple with
                                   examples and syntax.


                            # ⚓ How_to_Use_the_Counter_Module_in_Python_–_Linux
                              Hint⠀⇛


                                   This article will explain how to use
                                   the “Counter” module that comes by
                                   default with the Python programming
                                   language. All code samples in this
                                   article are tested with Python version
                                   3.9.5 on Ubuntu 21.04.


    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Capital,_Hope,_and_“a_Moment_of_Terrible_Social_Intensity”:_a
            Conversation_with_John_Holloway⠀⇛


                 Born in Dublin, resident in Mexico City, Holloway is best
                 known as a movement thinker who has grappled with the
                 theory of state in capitalism and has gone on help us
                 understand the meaning and potential of global movements
                 to transcend the rule of capital. Meyer, a resident of
                 Brooklyn, is a lifelong activist, author and educator
                 working within the black liberation and global peace
                 movements. South African-born Moodliar is managing editor
                 of Socialism and Democracy and Boston-based activist.[2]


                 Suren Moodliar: We’ll have several detours in the
                 conversation along the way to hope, but our starting
                 point has to be Change the World Without Taking Power.[3]
                 It is no exaggeration to call it “a seminal text.” It
                 inspired activists, provoked whole seminar series,
                 generated counter books, and prompted many repetitions of
                 the phrase, “change the world without…” Can you take us
                 back to the context in which you wrote that book?


          o ⚓ We_are_So_Not_Out_of_the_Woods,_and_We_Might_Want_to_Take_Our
            Heads_out_of_the_Sand⠀⇛


                 When I was a grade-schooler in the mid-late 1960s my
                 parents used to rent a lake cottage in the Indiana Dunes
                 for a month or so each summer. Somewhere in the woods
                 behind the lakeshore there lived a bitter old white guy
                 and property owner named, literally, Miser. Miser liked
                 to patrol the beach with two German Shepherds and a
                 shotgun, saying gruff, hard to understand things to
                 people as his dogs ran menacingly off leash. He wore dark
                 clothes, long black boots, and a gray overcoat in the
                 summer heat.


                 I knew about this bastard from stories kids told. I
                 remember his snarling animals running through the front
                 yard of our cottage one early evening while he laughed in
                 his pick-up truck.


          o ⚓ Osaka_Foregoes_Press_Briefing_to_Protect_Mental_Health,_and_Press
            Piles_On⠀⇛


                 The response of the press to Naomi Osaka’s announcement
                 that she would not be attending press conferences during
                 the French Open only illustrates why athletes dread such
                 media events in the first place.


          o ⚓ Letters_From_Minsk:_Berezina_Crossing⠀⇛


          o ⚓ The_Kooky_‘Protecting_Pacifica’_Diatribe⠀⇛


                 The hyperbole in the Gendelman-Kaldveer article goes over
                 the top nearly from the get-go. After starting with a nod
                 to Pacifica’s history of radical anti-establishment
                 programming, the fear-mongering begins in the third
                 paragraph with the claim “odds are it will be acquired by
                 rightwing extremist groups or evangelical Christian
                 stations.” What better way to strike fear in the hearts
                 of progressives. The fascists are coming! The fascists
                 are coming! Wait a minute. Doesn’t the rightwing already
                 control most radio stations? Why would they care about
                 one more frequency – on FM at that?


                 The authors go on to claim “Pacifica’s decline began when
                 a series of well-meaning but failed reforms were
                 instituted in the late 1990s and early 2000s.” Doesn’t
                 that have a familiar ring to it? Shades of Samuel P.
                 Huntington: “some of the problems of the governance in
                 the United States today stem from an excess of
                 democracy.” Kaldveer and Gendelman seem to long for the
                 good old days of autocratic Executive Directors (EDs) and
                 General Managers (GMs) that permeated the 1990s and
                 attempted to take Pacifica corporate. Gendelman was part
                 of that struggle – actually fighting against the Mary
                 Francis Berry take over bid – but apparently not for
                 democratic reasons. A friend of mine told me that, at
                 that time, Gendelman told her that listeners would elect
                 the board members ‘over her dead body.’ Has anyone
                 checked her pulse? Perhaps this is an attempt to revive
                 the dead — a first step to bring back those good old days
                 of centralized control by elites and professionals – only
                 with Gendelman and New Day elites in charge. This theme
                 of “well-meaning but failed [democratic] reforms” seems
                 to be a theme of neoliberal media nowadays — “too much
                 democracy” as argued in these articles in Politico, The
                 Atlantic, and the American Enterprise Institute.


          o ⚓ What_You_Get_From_“Paid_Job_Search”_Companies⠀⇛


                 During my job search, I looked at Browning and
                 Associates, a paid job search company, and declined to
                 make use of them. IMO there is more than enough online
                 from people who did pay to convince you to take another
                 path. Today I got an email from them presenting a
                 potential employee. I just wanted to present it here, so
                 that people would know what they get. IMO, I can spam
                 people myself, and don’t need to pay for the service. ALL
                 CAPS content was anonymized by me. John Seraichyk and his
                 wife are principals in the company, so he hasn’t been
                 anonymized.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ It_Came_From_Outer_Space!⠀⇛


                       But there is another, less predictable but
                       potentially equally devastating threat to our
                       modern dependence on electricity. It goes by the
                       name of coronal mass ejection (CME) and occurs
                       sporadically as the sun burns its hydrogen into
                       helium and heavier elements. A CME consists mostly
                       of masses of ionized protons in a plasma that are
                       ejected at high speed from the sun’s corona and
                       propagated outward by the solar wind. These ionized
                       ejections create power magnetic fields, which
                       themselves can induce large currents in electrical
                       conductors. One of the best documented CMEs
                       occurred on Sept. 1, 1859 and is known as the
                       Carrington Event after the English astronomer, R.C.
                       Carrington who, along with R. Hodgson, observed and
                       reported the event. Telegraph equipment and wires
                       were overheated and damaged over a wide area. Not
                       all CMEs threaten the Earth; they must intercept
                       Earth in its orbit to do damage.


                # ⚓ Blockchain_for_businesses:_The_ultimate_enterprise_guide⠀⇛


                       Blockchain is essentially a database technology
                       with attributes that, taken alone, are not unique
                       to it, but which collectively produce a
                       technological breakthrough in how digital
                       information is stored, verified and exchanged.


                # ⚓ How_To_Avoid_Micromanagement⠀⇛


                       Exerting too much control is terrible for your
                       team’s morale. Here’s how building trust can
                       resolve that.


          o § Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ No_general_method_to_detect_fraud⠀⇛


                       It would be brill if there were a simple set of
                       rules that you could follow to detect scams and
                       frauds. Any time there was doubt, you could retreat
                       deep into your bunker of pure logic, get out your
                       scam detection algorithm and set to work with it.


                       The reason why there can never be any such
                       algorithm is that logical inference already takes
                       as read that you have correctly perceived reality –
                       you need to already have the facts right in order
                       to run through your algorithm. Most scams are
                       attempts to inhibit your ability to percieve
                       reality, first by tricking you into a logical
                       fallacy and then by doubly hiding that fact with
                       sleight of hand. With a good deceit it’s very hard
                       to know how to wrap your mind around it – it
                       doesn’t look like anything that you’ve seen before.


          o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾


                # ⚓ Toxic_Chemicals_Engulf_the_Planet⠀⇛


                       The planet has become a toxic soup of tested,
                       untested, and inadequately tested chemicals that
                       includes deadly toxins. Within only a couple of
                       generations, and largely unnoticed, this startling
                       episode is unique to our generation. Far and away,
                       it exceeds global warming emissions. Yet, it’s a
                       pressing issue that’s not publicly recognized as
                       such.


                       Earth Detox is an eye-opening exposure of
                       unintentional toxic chemical warfare lodged against
                       humanity virtually everywhere, all over the planet.
                       Throughout this challenging subject matter, Cribb’s
                       work is supported by extensive scientific data, for
                       example: “Americans are a walking cocktail of
                       contaminants.” That statement alone is provocative
                       enough to demand more facts, a whole lot more. For
                       example, why and how has American life been reduced
                       to such a degenerative status? More on this to
                       follow.


                # ⚓ A_People’s_Vaccine_Against_a_Mutating_Virus_and_Neoliberal
                  Rule⠀⇛


                       But the news from around the world makes it clear
                       that this pandemic is far from over, and a story
                       from Vietnam highlights the nature of the danger.


                       Vietnam is a COVID success story, with one of the
                       lowest rates of infection and death in the world.
                       Vietnam’s excellent community-based public health
                       system prevented the virus from spreading beyond
                       isolated cases and localized outbreaks, without a
                       nationwide lockdown. With a population of 98
                       million people, Vietnam has had only 8,883 cases
                       and 53 deaths.


                # ⚓ Activists_Demand_G7_Take_Urgent_Action_on_Climate,_Vaccine
                  Apartheid_and_Poverty⠀⇛


                # ⚓ “Our_House_Is_on_Fire”:_Activists_Urge_G7_to_Immediately
                  Address_Climate,_Vaccine_Apartheid_&_Poverty⠀⇛


                       As world leaders gather for the first in-person G7
                       summit in two years, talks are set to focus heavily
                       on ending the pandemic and the climate crisis, and
                       climate activists are calling on them for more
                       immediate action. “It’s not just one crisis,” says
                       Asad Rehman, executive director of War on Want and
                       spokesperson for the COP26 Climate Coalition. “What
                       we’ve seen is simply rich countries doing too
                       little too late and not taking up their
                       responsibility, and unfortunately this G7 has not
                       changed that at all.”


                # ⚓ 50_Years_Later,_a_Majority_of_Americans_Want_the_Drug_War
                  to_End⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Twilight_of_the_Pandemic?⠀⇛


                       The celebrants greeted each other with hugs on the
                       patio. After an outdoor barbeque dinner, we stood
                       shoulder to shoulder around the island in the
                       kitchen, eating cake from small paper plates. We
                       sang “Happy Birthday.”


                       Ordinarily, an event like that wouldn’t be worth
                       noting, but these aren’t exactly ordinary times. In
                       this twilight world of ours, half-in and half-out
                       of a pandemic, hanging around without masks and
                       within spitting distance of vaccinated friends
                       should be considered just this side of miraculous —
                       a combination of luck, privilege, and a stunning
                       series of events on a national scale that would
                       strain credibility in a work of fiction.


                # ⚓ As_Big_Pharma_Stock_Soars,_Third_FDA_Adviser_Resigns_Over
                  Approval_of_Alzheimer’s_Drug⠀⇛


                       Backlash over the U.S. Food and Drug
                       Administration’s controversial approval of a new
                       Alzheimer’s drug grew Thursday with a third member
                       of an agency advisory panel resigning in protest.


                       The latest resignation to hit the Peripheral and
                       Central Nervous System Drugs Advisory Committee, as
                       STAT first reported, came from Dr. Aaron
                       Kesselheim, a Harvard Medical School professor.


                # ⚓ ‘A_Crime’:_Venezuela_Says_US_Sanctions_Disrupting_Payments
                  to_Vaccine-Sharing_Facility⠀⇛


                       Venezuelan Vice President Delcy Rodríguez on
                       Thursday accused the U.S.-backed international
                       financial system of blocking the country’s access
                       to Covid-19 vaccines under the COVAX program, even
                       though Venezuela has paid all but $10 million of
                       the $120 million it owes.


                       “The COVAX system owes a debt to Venezuela. We made
                       a deposit in April and are waiting for the
                       vaccines.” —Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro


                # ⚓ ‘Little_More_Than_a_PR_Gimmick’:_Critics_Say_G7_Vaccine
                  Donation_Pledges_Won’t_Cut_It⠀⇛


                       A pledge by seven of the world’s wealthiest nations
                       to donate a total of one billion coronavirus
                       vaccine doses to developing countries would be
                       enough to inoculate just 11% of the world’s
                       unvaccinated population, leading public health
                       campaigners to slam the initiative as badly
                       inadequate and “little more than a PR gimmick.”


                       “If the best G7 leaders can manage is to donate one
                       billion vaccine doses, then this summit will have
                       been a failure.”—Anna Marriott, Oxfam


                # ⚓ Pirates_Hail_Parliament’S_Call_To_Waive_COVID-19_Vaccine
                  Patents⠀⇛


                       The European Pirates Delegation in the Greens/EFA
                       group supported a TRIPS waiver for Covid-19 vaccine
                       patents in yesterday’s vote. The MEPs have decided
                       that the EU should now ask the World Trade
                       Organisation (WTO) to waive intellectual property
                       rights for COVID-19 vaccines. According to Pirates,
                       the European Commission must now start working
                       together with the Member States to speed up the
                       provision of vaccines.


          o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾


                # ⚓ Not_all_exploits_are_“grey_in_the_dark”⠀⇛


                       This isn’t a direct quote, so I’ll assume that Khun
                       BREEN said something less wrong. Because the fact
                       of the matter is, that local privilege escalation
                       (LPE) vulnerabilities (and the resulting
                       capabilities) are more numerous than remote code
                       execution (RCE) vulnerabilities for a given system.
                       As a general rule of thumb this is true, although
                       there are doubtless exceptions.


                # § Proprietary⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Trump_Officials_Seized_Apple_Data_of_2_Democratic
                        Lawmakers,_NY_Times_Says⠀⇛


                             Prosecutors in the U.S. Justice Department
                             under former president Donald Trump seized
                             data from Apple from two Democratic lawmakers
                             on the House Intelligence Committee, as well
                             as that of their staff and family members,
                             The New York Times reported Thursday.


                             Subpoenas for the communications metadata
                             targeted congressman Adam Schiff of
                             California, a Trump foe who was then the
                             panel’s top Democrat and now its chairman,
                             the paper said.


                             Congressman Eric Swalwell told CNN on
                             Thursday he was the second Democratic
                             lawmaker on the committee who was targeted.


                      # ⚓ Serious_cyberattacks_in_Europe_doubled_in_the_past
                        year,_new_figures_reveal,_as_criminals_exploited_the
                        pandemic⠀⇛


                             Significant cyberattacks against critical
                             targets in Europe have doubled in the past
                             year, according to new EU figures obtained by
                             CNN, as the pandemic pushed lives indoors and
                             online.


                             The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity,
                             ENISA, told CNN there were 304 significant,
                             malicious attacks against “critical sectors”
                             in 2020, more than double the 146 recorded
                             the year before.


                             The agency also reported a 47% rise in
                             attacks on hospitals and health care networks
                             in the same period, as the same criminal
                             networks sought to cash in on the pandemic’s
                             most vital services.


                             The figures show the growing global impact of
                             cyberattacks, often in the form of
                             ransomware, which has recently caused havoc
                             in the United States when the Darkside group
                             targeted the Colonial Pipeline network
                             causing gas station queues because of a fear
                             of shortages.


                      # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾


                            # § Openwashing⠀➾


                                  # ⚓ RudderStack_targets_developers_with_open
                                    source_customer_data_platform_|
                                    VentureBeat⠀⇛


                                         Founded out of San Francisco in
                                         2019, RudderStack has always been
                                         a developer-centric CDP — it’s
                                         open source, for starters. This
                                         is a major differentiator over
                                         rivals in the space, one that
                                         affords companies more
                                         flexibility in terms of how they
                                         deploy their CDP.


                                  # ⚓ Snowflake_agrees_it’s_good_to_share…_on
                                    its_platform,_while_Databricks_opts_for_a
                                    more_vendor-neutral_approach⠀⇛


                                         Coming at the data-sharing
                                         problem from a different angle
                                         again earlier this month,
                                         Databricks launched an open-
                                         source project called Delta
                                         Sharing, which will be donated to
                                         the Linux Foundation. Databricks
                                         said the open protocol would
                                         support secure sharing of data
                                         across organisations in real
                                         time, crucially independent of
                                         the platform on which the data
                                         resides. The initiative is
                                         supported by AWS, Google Cloud,
                                         and BI and visualisation firm
                                         Tableau.


                      # § Security⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Linux_system_service_bug_lets_you_get_root_on
                              most_modern_distros [Ed: Very much overhyped by
                              Microsoft and, in this case, Microsoft-connected
                              media]⠀⇛


                                   Unprivileged attackers can get a root
                                   shell by exploiting an authentication
                                   bypass vulnerability in the polkit auth
                                   system service installed by default on
                                   many modern Linux distributions.


                                   The polkit local privilege escalation
                                   bug (tracked as CVE-2021-3560) was
                                   publicly disclosed, and a fix was
                                   released on June 3, 2021.


                            # ⚓ Seven_Year_Old_Privilege_Escalation
                              Vulnerability_Found_In_Some_Linux_Distros,_Patch
                              Now⠀⇛


                            # ⚓ Patch_Released_for_7-Year-Old_Privilege
                              Escalation_Bug_In_Linux_Service_Polkit⠀⇛


                            # ⚓ Spear_Phishing_Explained_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                                   Spear phishing attacks are social
                                   engineering based attacks known for
                                   targeting a specific individual.
                                   Commonly phishing attacks target
                                   massive random victims, on the other
                                   hand, spear phishing attacks are the
                                   opposite.
                                   The term spear phishing refers to
                                   phishing with a spear, aiming against a
                                   single target.


                                   Spear phishing attacks have almost
                                   unique characteristics only shared with
                                   Whale phishing or whaling attacks.


                            # ⚓ DOJ_Says_It’s_Time_To_Add_Ransomware_Attacks_To
                              The_Ever_Expanding_‘War_On_Terror’⠀⇛


                                   High-profile ransomware attacks — some
                                   the FBI have tentatively attributed to
                                   Russian hackers — have provoked the
                                   kind of response none of us should be
                                   in any hurry to welcome. But it’s been
                                   coming to this point for years.


                            # ⚓ Clone_Phishing_Attacks_Explained_–_Linux_Hint⠀⇛


                                   Clone phishing attacks consist of
                                   forging a genuine service or
                                   application login form, making the
                                   victim believe he is logging in a
                                   legitimate form to grab his
                                   credentials.
                                   Clone phishing is possibly the most
                                   known technique in social engineering-
                                   based hacking attacks. One of the most
                                   known examples of this type of attack
                                   is the massive mail delivery of
                                   messages pretending to be a service or
                                   social network. The message encourages
                                   the victim to press a link pointing to
                                   a fake login form, a visual clone of
                                   the real login page.


                                   The victim of this type of attack
                                   clicks on the link and usually opens a
                                   fake login page and fills the form with
                                   his credentials. The attacker harvests
                                   the credentials and redirects the
                                   victim to the real service or social
                                   network page without the victim knowing
                                   that he has been hacked.


                                   This type of attack used to be
                                   effective for attackers who launched
                                   massive campaigns in collecting big
                                   amounts of credentials from negligent
                                   users.


                                   Luckily, two-step verification systems
                                   are neutralizing clone phishing threats
                                   but many users remain unaware and
                                   unprotected.


                            # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                                  # ⚓ Obsessed_With_Leaks,_Trump’s_DOJ_Covertly
                                    Seized_Dem_Lawmakers’_Phone_Data⠀⇛


                                  # ⚓ Data_protection_does_not_kill⠀⇛


                                         Digitalcourage presented again
                                         the BigBrotherAward for „data
                                         sinners“ in business and politics


                                  # ⚓ What_does_the_recent_Trojan_Shield_sting
                                    tell_us_about_privacy,_trust_and
                                    surveillance?⠀⇛


                                         At the heart of the sting lies an
                                         encrypted communications platform
                                         called Anom. The devices seemed
                                         to run just one app: a
                                         calculator. But entering a code
                                         turned it into a messaging system
                                         for text and images that was
                                         encrypted end-to-end. The Anom
                                         device was designed to allow
                                         criminals to communicate in the
                                         securest manner possible, and it
                                         proved popular: in three years,
                                         over 12,000 were sold to over 300
                                         criminal syndicates around the
                                         world. But what the Anom’s users
                                         did not know until very recently,
                                         was that the system had a built-
                                         in backdoor that allowed police
                                         authorities to gather and read
                                         all the messages in real time.
                                         When the police took advantage of
                                         the knowledge gained from these
                                         communications, the Anom database
                                         held over 27 million messages.


                                  # ⚓ The_GDPR,_Privacy_and_Monopoly⠀⇛


                                         We also looked at the privacy
                                         implications of “competitive
                                         compatibility” (comcom, AKA
                                         adversarial interoperability),
                                         where new services are able to
                                         interoperate with existing
                                         incumbents without their
                                         permission, by using reverse-
                                         engineering, bots, scraping, and
                                         other  improvised techniques
                                         common to unsanctioned
                                         innovation.


                                         Our analysis concluded that while
                                         interoperability created new
                                         privacy risks (for example, that
                                         a new firm might misappropriate
                                         user data under cover of helping
                                         users move from a dominant
                                         service to a new rival), these
                                         risks can largely be mitigated
                                         with thoughtful regulation and
                                         strong enforcement. More
                                         importantly, interoperability
                                         also had new privacy benefits,
                                         both because it made it easier to
                                         leave a service with unsuitable
                                         privacy policies, and because
                                         this created real costs for
                                         dominant firms that did not
                                         respect their users’ privacy:
                                         namely, an easy way for those
                                         users to make their displeasure
                                         known by leaving the service.


                                         Critics of interoperability
                                         (including the dominant firms
                                         targeted by interoperability
                                         proposals) emphasize the fact
                                         that weakening a tech platform’s
                                         ability to control its users
                                         weakens its power to defend its
                                         users.


                                  # ⚓ Operating_Tor_Relays_at_Universities:
                                    Experiences_and_Considerations⠀⇛


                                         In today’s digital society, the
                                         Tor network has become an
                                         indispensable tool for
                                         individuals to protect their
                                         privacy on the Internet. Operated
                                         by volunteers, relay servers
                                         constitute the core component of
                                         Tor and are used to
                                         geographically escape
                                         surveillance. It is therefore
                                         essential to have a large, yet
                                         diverse set of relays. In this
                                         work, we analyze the contribution
                                         of educational institutions to
                                         the Tor network and report on our
                                         experience of operating exit
                                         relays at a university. Taking
                                         Germany as an example (but
                                         arguing that the global situation
                                         is similar), we carry out a
                                         quantitative study and find that
                                         universities contribute
                                         negligible amounts of relays and
                                         bandwidth. Since many
                                         universities all over the world
                                         have excellent conditions that
                                         render them perfect places to
                                         host Tor (exit) relays, we
                                         encourage other interested people
                                         and institutions to join. To this
                                         end, we discuss and resolve
                                         common concerns and provide
                                         lessons learned.


                                  # ⚓ Mounties_messed_up_by_using_Clearview_AI,
                                    says_Canadian_Privacy_Commissioner
                                    ⠀⇛


                                         Canada’s Office of the Privacy
                                         Commissioner (OPC) announced
                                         yesterday that the Royal Canadian
                                         Mounted Police (RCMP) broke the
                                         law by using Clearview AI facial-
                                         recognition software.


                                         An OPC investigation launched in
                                         July 2020 concluded in February
                                         this year that Clearview AI
                                         violated the country’s federal
                                         private sector privacy law when
                                         it created a three-billion-image
                                         databank by scraping social media
                                         accounts without user consent.
                                         Now the OPC has decided the
                                         RCMP’s use of the database to
                                         match images violated the
                                         country’s Privacy Act.


                                  # ⚓ Google_wants_to_look_like_it_cares_about
                                    your_privacy_with_Android_12_Beta_2,_but
                                    note_that’s_not_how_Google_works_•_The
                                    Register⠀⇛


                                         Android 12 Beta 2 is here and
                                         contains many of the features
                                         that were teased during May’s
                                         Google I/O shindig including an
                                         overhauled control panel and
                                         additional privacy tools.


                                         The company’s feted Privacy
                                         Dashboard has made an appearance:
                                         designed to give end users an
                                         overview of how apps interact
                                         with the more sensitive
                                         components on their device, such
                                         as the microphone and camera,
                                         this tool provides a breakdown of
                                         app permissions, as well as the
                                         exact times when they are
                                         accessed.


                                  # ⚓ Many_Mobile_Apps_Intentionally_Using
                                    Insecure_Connections_for_Sending_Data⠀⇛


                                         Many mobile application
                                         developers are deliberately
                                         disabling secure HTTPS
                                         protections when sending data
                                         from a user’s browser to the
                                         server, often leaving sensitive
                                         data open to interception and
                                         compromise by attackers in the
                                         process.


                                         One reason appears to be to
                                         facilitate the delivery of ads
                                         via the applications, a new study
                                         by Symantec reveals.


                                         Symantec recently analyzed
                                         hundreds of thousands of iOS and
                                         Android mobile apps released over
                                         the past five years to Apple’s
                                         App Store and Google Play. The
                                         exercise showed some 7% of iOS
                                         apps and 3.4% of Android apps
                                         intentionally break the green
                                         padlock that indicates a secure
                                         communication channel between the
                                         user’s browser and the server.
                                         Symantec found such apps to be
                                         actively sending data to insecure
                                         network servers and disabling SSL
                                         validation.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ The_Ghosts_of_‘War_Porn’_Haunt_Me⠀⇛


                       Recently, I wanted to show my wife a picture, so I
                       opened the photos app on my phone and promptly
                       panicked when I saw what was there.


                # ⚓ Why_Germany’s_Apology_for_Its_1904-1908_Genocide_in_Namibia
                  Does_Not_Go_Far_Enough⠀⇛


                       Germany has apologized for its role in the first
                       genocide of the 20th century, which took place in
                       Namibia, a former colony then known as German South
                       West Africa. Between 1904 and 1908, German
                       colonizers killed tens of thousands of Ovaherero
                       and Nama people in Namibia. German Foreign Minister
                       Heiko Maas officially described the massacre as
                       genocide and outlined an offer of more than $1.34
                       billion in development aid to the Namibian
                       government. The offer was not negotiated with
                       survivors of the genocide, and critics have
                       described it as a pittance. We speak with Nyoko
                       Muvangua, born of the Ovaherero people who were
                       targeted for ethnic cleansing by the German
                       government, and Namibian researcher Emsie Erastus.


                # ⚓ A_Wide_World_of_War_Porn_(Or_How_I_Accidentally_Amassed_an
                  Encyclopedia_of_Atrocities)⠀⇛


                       It’s not what you think.


                       A lot of people are worried about what’s lurking on
                       their smartphones. Compromising photos. Illicit
                       text messages. Embarrassing contacts. Porn.


                # ⚓ Automation_of_Space_Warfare⠀⇛


                       The laboratory, in Albuquerque, is an arm of both
                       the new U.S. Space Force and the U.S. Air Force.
                       Colonel Felt heads the “Space Vehicles Directorate”
                       of the laboratory and made the comments in what was
                       described as a “keynote speech” at a “ribbon-
                       cutting ceremony” at it.


                       The $12.8 million facility “is dedicated to the
                       research and development of space military
                       technology,” notes executivegov.com, a site which
                       reports on U.S. government activities.


                # ⚓ Arms_Sales:_What_We_Know_About_Bombs_Being_Dropped_in_Our
                  Name⠀⇛


                       What they might not know is that the United States
                       government (the President and the State Department)
                       approved the sale of the bomb that killed their
                       children, in the process enriching Lockheed Martin,
                       which makes millions in profits from arms sales
                       every year.


                       While Lockheed Martin profited from the death of
                       forty Yemeni children that day, top United States
                       weapons companies continue to sell weapons to
                       repressive regimes around the world, killing
                       countless more people in Palestine, Iraq,
                       Afghanistan, Pakistan, and more.  And in many
                       cases, the United States public has no idea this is
                       being done in our name to benefit the largest
                       private companies in the world.


                # ⚓ ET,_You_Bore_Me:_Unidentified_Aerial_Phenomena_and_the
                  Pentagon⠀⇛


                       On June 25, the Pentagon’s UAP Task Force will
                       release a declassified report to Congress that will
                       do little to shift ground or alter debate on the
                       nature of such phenomena.  For those exercised
                       about green creatures, ancient aliens and that
                       roguish charlatan Erich von Däniken, nothing would
                       have changed. For sceptics, it will be a case of
                       tired yawn before returning to work.  There will be
                       many “I told you so” moments and no one will be any
                       wiser.


                       Since 2017, various eyewitness accounts and videos
                       have been circulating in such measure as to worry
                       members of Congress.  This came a decade after
                       Senate majority leader Harry M. Reid (D-Nev.) first
                       began tooting the horn on the subject, a measure
                       that led to the creation of the $22 million
                       Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program. 
                       That program, along with the even lesser known
                       Advanced Aerospace Weapons Systems Application
                       Program, saw the involvement of such proponents of
                       extra-terrestrial life as billionaire Robert
                       Bigelow.


                # ⚓ Killing_to_Show_That_Killing_is_Wrong⠀⇛


                       Wood’s execution was supposed to take 10 minutes
                       and require one injection. Instead, he tried and
                       failed more than 600 times to acquire air over the
                       course of about two hours. He was injected over 15
                       times before he finally died.


                       Witnesses say Wood looked like a fish on land. Like
                       a piston, his chest would pump while his mouth
                       opened and closed as his body searched for oxygen.


                # ⚓ Do_African_Lives_Matter?⠀⇛


                       On May 22, the Nyiragongo volcano erupted in
                       eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, sending half
                       a million Congolese people fleeing to safety. Many
                       of the refugees carried their mattresses on their
                       backs, often for more than 10 miles. Why?


                # ⚓ Why_It’s_So_Hard_To_Gauge_Support_For_QAnon⠀⇛


                       Asking respondents directly whether they believe in
                       or support QAnon avoids picking up unrelated
                       conspiracy theorists, but it also runs the risk of
                       another polling pitfall: social desirability bias,
                       which is when survey respondents give the answer
                       they think is more socially acceptable, rather than
                       what they honestly believe. Jackson said that some
                       Q believers may be skeptical of pollsters to begin
                       with, and that they’re less likely to admit
                       affiliation when asked directly. Not mentioning
                       QAnon directly can soften this effect. Uscinski,
                       for his part, thinks the risk of a social
                       desirability bias with QAnon is minimal, given the
                       unabashed zeal with which proponents seem to
                       demonstrate their support.


                # ⚓ Food_Aid_Not_Reaching_Tigray,_People_Dying,_UN_Says⠀⇛


                       The United Nations warns more than 350,000 people
                       in Tigray are facing near famine-like conditions,
                       and many will not survive without immediate
                       humanitarian assistance.


                # ⚓ In_Tigray,_food_is_often_a_weapon_of_war_as_famine_looms⠀⇛


                       Here, in war-torn Tigray, more than 350,000 people
                       already face famine, according to the U.N. and
                       other humanitarian groups. It is not just that
                       people are starving; it is that many are being
                       starved, The Associated Press found. In farming
                       areas in Tigray to which the AP got rare access,
                       farmers, aid workers and local officials confirmed
                       that food had been turned into a weapon of war.


                # ⚓ Official:_10_HALO_Trust_staff_killed_northern_Afghanistan⠀⇛


                       Gunmen killed 10 people and wounded 14 others in an
                       attack on the HALO Trust de-mining organization in
                       Afghanistan, an Afghan interior ministry official
                       said Wednesday.


                # ⚓ Official:_10_HALO_Trust_staff_killed_in_attack_on_camp_in
                  northern_Afghanistan⠀⇛


                       The HALO Trust Global Media Manager, Louise
                       Vaughan, in response to the AP, said that 110 de-
                       mining local personnel of the organization were on
                       camp after finishing their work on a minefield
                       nearby when the “unknown armed group” opened fire
                       at them.


                       The statement says that 16 of their personnel are
                       wounded.


                # ⚓ Islamic_State_claims_killing_deminers_in_north
                  Afghanistan⠀⇛


                       The Islamic state affiliate has claimed a horrific
                       attack this week that killed 10 workers of the HALO
                       Trust de-mining organization and wounded 16 others
                       in Afghanistan’s northern Baghlan province.


                       The statement issued late on Wednesday said IS
                       operatives killed and wounded 60 workers “firing on
                       them with their machine guns.”


                       According to reports from survivors the gunmen were
                       looking for ethnic Hazaras, who in most parts of
                       Afghanistan are Shiite Muslims in mostly Sunni
                       Afghanistan. However in northern Afghanistan many
                       of the Hazaras are Sunni Muslim. It was not clear
                       whether the IS gunmen were aware that the Hazaras
                       among the deminers were Sunni Muslims.


                # ⚓ The_Problem_in_Repatriating_ISIS_Family_Members⠀⇛


                       The Wall Street Journal reported on Wednesday that
                       a refugee camp set up to shelter women and children
                       after the defeat of Islamic State has instead
                       turned into a mini-caliphate itself, where female
                       leaders nurture the group’s violent ideology and
                       run moneymaking schemes that help keep the
                       insurgency alive outside the razor wire.


                       Authorities have recorded more than 40 murders, at
                       least 10 of them beheadings, in the 736-acre camp
                       since the start of the year. Most of the victims
                       were accused by ISIS of collaborating with camp
                       authorities, according to the Rojava Information
                       Center, an independent volunteer-staffed research
                       organization based in northeast Syria.


          o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾


                # ⚓ SEASON_10_–_THE_WHISTLEBLOWER:_The_Presses_Roll⠀⇛


                # ⚓ “Julian_Is_Suffering”:_Family_of_WikiLeaks_Founder_Assange
                  in_U.S._to_Demand_His_Release_from_Prison⠀⇛


                       The U.S. State Department is pushing to extradite
                       WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange from Britain,
                       where Biden is now meeting with leaders during the
                       G7 summit. A U.K. judge blocked Assange’s
                       extradition in January, citing serious mental
                       health concerns. Assange faces up to 175 years in
                       prison if brought to the U.S., where he was
                       indicted for violations of the Espionage Act
                       related to the publication of classified documents
                       exposing U.S. war crimes. We speak with Assange’s
                       father and half-brother, who are on a tour of the
                       United States to advocate for his release. “The G7
                       meeting is based upon values, and yet they have,
                       just a few kilometers down the road, a foremost
                       journalist in jail,” says John Shipton. Assange is
                       a victim of “an abusive process” meant to punish
                       him for his journalism, adds Gabriel Shipton. “The
                       situation there is really dire, and Julian is
                       suffering inside that prison.”


                # ⚓ Cross_party_group_of_UK_parliamentarians_call_on_President
                  Biden_to_drop_the_charges_against_Julian_Assange_ahead_of_G7
                  Summit_in_Cornwall⠀⇛


                       John McDonnell MP who was present at the debate via
                       video link added his concern about Assange’s
                       current state inside a British prison: “It’s a
                       continuing stain on the reputation of this country
                       that Julian Assange remains in Belmarsh prison.
                       There are no justifiable grounds for keeping
                       imprisoned a journalist who had the courage to
                       expose war crimes and abuse of human rights.”


                # ⚓ Chris_Hedges:_Julian_Assange_and_the_Collapse_of_the_Rule
                  of_Law⠀⇛


                       A society that prohibits the capacity to speak in
                       truth extinguishes the capacity to live in justice.


                # ⚓ State_Suppression⠀⇛


                       Yesterday the House of Commons was debating “safety
                       of journalists”. After reams of MP waffle about
                       evil foreigners, the Alba Party was allocated 60
                       seconds and tried to use it to raise my case.


                # ⚓ Attorney_General_Garland_Says_Investigating_How_ProPublica
                  Obtained_Billionaire_Tax_Data_Is_‘At_The_Top_Of_My_List’⠀⇛


                       The report, which aims to dispel the long-running
                       myth “that everyone pays their fair share and the
                       richest Americans pay the most,” claims that
                       through a series of legal loopholes – namely the
                       fact that intangible assets, like stock earnings
                       and increases in property value, are not taxable –
                       some of America’s richest business people have been
                       paying much less than what some say they should to
                       Uncle Sam. While ProPublica has stayed tight-lipped
                       on how, exactly, they obtained these documents
                       illustrating this phenomenon, which they claimed
                       they received in “raw form, with no conditions or
                       conclusions,” the information included seemingly
                       passed a reportedly rigorous fact-checking process.
                       “In every instance we were able to check —
                       involving tax filings by more than 50 separate
                       people — the details provided to ProPublica matched
                       the information from other sources,” they
                       explained.


                       That said, as tax information is usually meant to
                       stay confidential, the individuals who provided the
                       documents to the news outlet could face “criminal
                       liability,” CNBC noted.


                       So remember, folks — Evading taxes through legal
                       loopholes? Right on! Leaking tax information
                       allegedly depicting billionaires doing allegedly
                       shady things? Shame on you!


                # ⚓ A_new_way_to_detect_‘deepfake’_picture_editing⠀⇛


                       In the fight against fake news, markpainting news
                       photos would mean that anyone trying to manipulate
                       them would risk visible artefacts. So bad actors
                       would have to check and retouch photos manually,
                       rather than trying use inpainting tools to automate
                       forgery at scale.


                # ⚓ Doing_the_Math_about_Gazan_casualties⠀⇛


                       Some 4,350 rockets were launched by Hamas and other
                       terrorist factions in Gaza at cities and towns in
                       Israel. Of these, about 1,400 were intercepted by
                       Iron Dome. 680 of them fell short, and landed in
                       Gaza.


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # ⚓ Regulators_ignore_marine_noise_pollution_from_oil
                  drilling⠀⇛


                       Noise pollution from drilling for oil and gas
                       offshore devastates marine life, affecting not only
                       food sources but oxygen levels. But neither the
                       federal government nor NOPSEMA, which has
                       environmental responsibility for approving offshore
                       projects, takes such damage into account. Suzanne
                       Arnold reports.


                # ⚓ For_the_First_Time_Ever,_Climate_Justice_Is_on_the_G7
                  Agenda⠀⇛


                       Leaders of the seven richest countries per capita
                       are meeting at the Group of 7′s annual summit this
                       weekend—and climate justice is explicitly on the
                       agenda. That has never happened. How the G7 leaders
                       respond to the climate justice challenge this
                       weekend will shape the chances of success at
                       November’s global climate summit that United
                       Nations Secretary General António Guterres calls
                       “our last opportunity” to defuse the climate
                       emergency.


                # ⚓ Climate_Justice,_for_the_First_Time_Ever,_Is_on_the_G7
                  Agenda⠀⇛


                       Leaders of the seven richest countries per capita
                       are meeting at the Group of 7’s annual summit this
                       weekend—and climate justice is explicitly on the
                       agenda. That has never happened. How the G7 leaders
                       respond to the climate justice challenge this
                       weekend will shape the chances of success at
                       November’s global climate summit that United
                       Nations Secretary General António Guterres calls
                       “our last opportunity” to defuse the climate
                       emergency.


                # ⚓ ‘Climate_Denial_Masquerading_as_Bipartisanship’:
                  Progressives_Reject_Latest_Infrastructure_Compromise⠀⇛


                       The progressive rallying cry of “no climate, no
                       deal” continued to gain steam Friday in response to
                       the emerging details of a bipartisan infrastructure
                       proposal that calls for just $580 billion in new
                       spending, a sum that climate leaders in Congress
                       and at the grassroots rejected as woefully
                       inadequate.


                       “No way that I’m supporting an infrastructure
                       package that doesn’t invest in fighting the climate
                       crisis.”—Rep. Pramila Jayapal


                # ⚓ Solve_nature_and_climate_together_or_not_at_all⠀⇛


                       Sink or swim as one, says science. Solve nature and
                       climate together, or neither of the twin crises
                       will be soluble.


                # ⚓ Forests_are_Crucial_to_Combating_Climate_Change._Will_Biden
                  Rise_to_the_Challenge?⠀⇛


                       A recent study conducted by a team of international
                       researchers from several institutions, including
                       NASA, the World Resources Institute, California
                       Institute of Technology, Wageningen University in
                       the Netherlands and the Center for International
                       Forestry Research in Indonesia, integrated ground
                       data and satellite imagery to map the annual
                       greenhouse gas emissions of the world’s forests.
                       They found that between 2001 and 2019, the world’s
                       forests stored about twice as much carbon dioxide
                       as they emitted. “[F]orests provide a ‘carbon sink’
                       that absorbs a net 7.6 billion metric tonnes of CO2
                       per year, 1.5 times more carbon than the United
                       States emits annually,” write two of the report’s
                       authors, Nancy Harris and David Gibbs of the World
                       Resources Institute. “Overall, the data show that
                       keeping existing forests standing remains our best
                       hope for maintaining the vast amount of carbon
                       forests store and continuing the carbon
                       sequestration that, if halted, will worsen the
                       effects of climate change.”


                       “[T]ropical forests alone absorb up to 1.8 gigatons
                       of carbon from the atmosphere every year,”
                       according to WWF, an international nongovernmental
                       organization based in Switzerland working to
                       preserve the Earth’s wilderness. “However,
                       agriculture, forestry and other land uses are
                       responsible for nearly a quarter of all man-made
                       greenhouse gas emissions… Ending forest conversion,
                       preserving the forest carbon sink, and restoring
                       forests [have] the potential to avoid more than
                       one-third of global emissions.”


                # ⚓ “Climate_Denial_Masquerading_as_Bipartisanship”:_Markey
                  Pans_Centrist_Plan⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Jaisal_Noor_on_Worker_Co-Ops,_Duncan_Meisel_on_Fossil_Fuel
                  Greenwashing⠀⇛


                # § Energy⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Following_Keystone_XL_Victory,_Climate_Leaders_Demand
                        Biden_Cancel_Line_3_and_Other_‘Trump_Pipelines’⠀⇛


                             In the wake of the final demise of the
                             Keystone XL pipeline earlier this week,
                             Indigenous leaders and climate activists on
                             Friday implored President Joe Biden to use
                             his executive authority to pull the plug on
                             other destructive fossil fuel transport
                             projects advanced during the Trump
                             administration—from Line 3 to the Dakota
                             Access Pipeline.


                             “This is about our life and our wildlife and
                             our water.”—Winona LaDuke, Honor the Earth


                      # ⚓ Alabama’s_Coal_Miners_Are_Striking_for_Their_Lives⠀⇛


                             Alabama is a beautiful place filled with
                             contradictions and complexities, but there
                             are a few things that my time there has
                             taught me that this state holds sacred. God,
                             football, and barbecue top the list, of
                             course (Roll Tide!), but for a group of coal
                             miners in Tuscaloosa County, there’s another
                             hallowed institution perched up on that
                             pedestal: the union.


                      # ⚓ We_Don’t_Need_Another_Oil_Pipeline⠀⇛


                             Line 3 is being replaced to transport nearly
                             800,000 barrels of dirty tar sands crude oil
                             per day from Alberta, Canada to Superior,
                             Wisconsin. The pipeline cuts across northern
                             Minnesota, where the Anishinaabe people have
                             treaty rights to hunt, fish, and harvest wild
                             rice and maple syrup.


                             The United States has more pipelines, both
                             existing and planned, than any other nation
                             on earth. Some of these — like the Keystone
                             XL and Dakota Access pipelines — have become
                             major sources of protest.


                      # ⚓ Shale_Oil_Fraud_Case_Reveals_Executives_Ignore_Their
                        Own_Engineers_and_Mislead_Investors⠀⇛


                             In April, a judge ruled that a lawsuit filed
                             by former investors in the shale oil company
                             Alta Mesa could proceed. Their case alleges
                             multiple instances of fraud and reveals that
                             not only did engineers in the company warn
                             executives that they were lying to investors
                             about oil production estimates but that
                             executives went on to ignore those warnings.


                             Alta Mesa is among a string of oil and gas
                             companies that in recent years have either
                             been accused or found guilty of fraud,
                             including ExxonMobil and Miller Energy. 


                # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Fisher_Rewilding:_How_Washington_State_Is_Restoring_a
                        Native_Carnivore⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Conservationists_Applaud_Biden_Plan_to_Reverse_Trump
                        Attack_on_Tongass_National_Forest⠀⇛


                             Indigenous rights and climate action groups
                             on Friday welcomed the Biden administration’s
                             announcement that the Department of
                             Agriculture will “repeal or replace” former
                             President Donald Trump’s assault on Alaska’s
                             Tongass National Forest, in which a 20-year-
                             old rule protecting wild lands was revoked
                             three months before Trump left office.


                             Trump’s rollback of the 2001 Roadless Rule
                             was made final last October and sparked fury
                             among conservation groups including
                             Greenpeace and the Natural Resources Defense
                             Council, which noted that the protection of
                             the Tongass National Forest is vital for
                             biodiversity as well as absorbing carbon
                             emissions. 


                # § Overpopulation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ FreeWater_Launches_With_A_Foundation_And_Focus_In
                        Philanthropy_–_BevNET.com⠀⇛


                             Founder Josh Cliffords created FreeWater
                             after volunteering with refugees who had
                             revealed the water scarcity issues they had
                             faced.


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ The_Super_Rich_are_Different_…They_Don’t_Pay_Taxes⠀⇛


                # ⚓ The_Coming_Crash⠀⇛


                       Regardless of what any of the economists or pundits
                       on TV tell you, the reality is that the price of
                       houses has very, very little to do with the value
                       of those houses or even the land they sit on, in
                       any kind of objective sense.  The value of the
                       houses and the land they are on is based on what
                       people collectively accept is somehow real.  It’s
                       based on all kinds of assumptions about the future
                       being similar to or better than the present — house
                       prices will continue to rise, which will increase
                       the value of a homeowner’s home, and this will
                       happen because people will continue to move to the
                       city, because it’s on the west coast or the east
                       coast or there are jobs here or there are allegedly
                       good schools, lots of parks, etc.


                       In a democracy, theoretically we can control the
                       costs, put caps on prices and that sort of thing. 
                       In the absence of such practices, any astute grade
                       school student can tell you that when as the
                       population increases in a city or country, the cost
                       of land and housing will tend to rise, as it is
                       inevitably a finite resource, and not one that can
                       easily be traded, like with goods or services.


                # ⚓ Klarna_boosts_valuation_to_$45.6B_with_fresh_$639M_funding
                  round⠀⇛


                       Confirming recent reports, financial technology
                       startup Klarna Bank AB today announced that it has
                       raised $639 million from a group of investors led
                       by SoftBank Group Corp.’s Vision Fund 2.


                       The round boosts the startup’s valuation from $31
                       billion in March to $45.6 billion. Including the
                       new funding, Klarna has raised more than $2 billion
                       in the past 12 months alone.


                # ⚓ China_arrests_over_1000_for_using_cryptocurrency_to_help
                  launder_proceeds_of_phone_scams⠀⇛


                       China’s crackdown on cryptocurrencies has reached a
                       new crescendo, with the nation’s Ministry of Public
                       Security on Wednesday proclaiming it has arrested
                       over 1000 people and shut down 170 gangs that
                       provided crypto-linked money-laundering services.


                       The Ministry’s announcement says it detected, and
                       dismantled, gangs that provided money-laundering
                       services to criminal organisations.


                       Some of those organisations allegedly laundered
                       ill-gotten gains from other ventures by building
                       coin-mining farms.


                       Others are what China calls “two cards” scammers,
                       who funnel their ill-gotten gains to acquire phone
                       cards that are shipped outside China, then use call
                       credit stored in the cards to make scam calls back
                       into the Middle Kingdom. The proceeds of those
                       scams are laundered using cryptocurrencies.


                # ⚓ GME_Stock:_What_Are_the_GameStop_(GME)_Crypto_Dividend
                  Rumors?⠀⇛


                       Twitter is swelling with rumors of a master plan
                       coming from the Ryan Cohen-led GameStop (NYSE:GME)
                       board. Holders and retail trading conspiracy
                       theorists are piecing together a thought-provoking
                       puzzle.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ Freeing_the_Muzzled_Majority—Beneath_“Polarization,”
                  Surprising_Unity⠀⇛


                       Laments over America’s political polarization
                       mount. “Actions of the president and his party are
                       pulling us further apart,” argued Senator Tim Scott
                       (R-S.C.) responding to President Biden’s address in
                       late April. “Polarization is the story of American
                       politics today,” observes Fareed Zakaria of CNN.


                # ⚓ Black,_Brown,_and_White:_Thoughts_on_Psychoanalysis,_the
                  Blues,_and_Marginality⠀⇛


                       My colleague then added, “But not in Georgia
                       yesterday,” and for a few hours, there was an
                       illusion of hope. But leaving aside the catastrophe
                       that was going to be the main story of this
                       particular day, and of nearly every day since, I
                       thought something else was being communicated to
                       the small world that is psychoanalysis—that my
                       colleague had chosen Broonzy’s words, now some 75
                       years old, because they would resonate with a
                       psychoanalytic audience and that there were some
                       important reasons why, some reasons I resolved to
                       articulate at first for this shared community and
                       now, in this piece, for a larger one concerned, as
                       is the world of psychoanalysis, with social
                       marginality and social inclusion.


                       It would be no understatement to say that Big Bill
                       Broonzy was not a mainstream musical taste in 1951,
                       when my colleague, as a university student, saw him
                       in concert, just as my musical tastes,
                       approximately 30 years later, were similarly
                       unusual. But in 1980, having spent my 22nd birthday
                       in a bar to see a later bluesman, Son Seals, for
                       the second time, I quickly surmised that the artist
                       in question might be different but that the
                       sociopsychological dynamic was the same. In 1951,
                       as in 1980, obscure bluesmen were the taste of
                       Jewish male intellectuals who were somewhat
                       marginal, who were interested in things outside the
                       traditional American Jewish narrative of
                       assimilation, and therefore might also be
                       interested in psychoanalysis as well. Nowadays,
                       this taste might be for obscure aspects of hip hop,
                       but regardless, on January 6, I suddenly knew I had
                       to write something about Big Bill Broonzy and
                       “Black, Brown, and White.” I choose to write about
                       art in these troubled times because art, from a
                       psychoanalytic perspective, helps to bind
                       psychological wounds and traumas, and these are
                       definitely wounded, traumatized times.


                # ⚓ The_Republican_War_on_Protests⠀⇛


                       A black SUV, part of a Cubans for Trump caravan,
                       rams into Jonathan Gartrelle, a Black Lives Matter
                       activist at a small protest in downtown Miami on
                       July 18, 2020. Video shows Gartrelle landing hard
                       on the hood of the vehicle, then sliding off. The
                       SUV speeds away. 


                # ⚓ DOJ_Leak_Investigation_Targeted_Rep._Adam_Schiff_And_His
                  Family_Members⠀⇛


                       Former president Trump made plenty of noise about
                       the Deep State being out to get him. But he
                       apparently didn’t see anything wrong with sending
                       the Deep State after his enemies.


                # ⚓ Colombia,_Between_Extermination_and_Emancipation⠀⇛


                       Even after the Iván Duque government backed off its
                       proposal to tax the “basic family basket,” the
                       demonstrations quickly expanded to include demands
                       by the Colombian people addressing a host of
                       grievances, including the lack of education,
                       employment and health services; constant violence,
                       whether governmental, paramilitary, criminal,
                       patriarchal or racist; government sabotage of the
                       peace process; ongoing executions of rights
                       defenders and social leaders; military occupation
                       of indigenous territories; and, most recently,
                       repression of protesters. Millions risk their lives
                       by participating in the demonstrations, most
                       notably young people, because, as a group of young
                       protesters in the city of Cali told the popular
                       journalist Angélica Peñuela, “Hunger brought us
                       here; we no longer have anything to lose.”


                       Jhoe Sauca, of the Traditional Authority of the
                       Kokonuco People and the Regional Indigenous Council
                       of Cauca, explains that the tax reform was
                       unacceptable to the Colombian people and became the
                       aggravating factor that finally mobilized millions.
                       “We can’t take it anymore,” he says. “With the
                       pandemic we have been enduring hunger, and our
                       businesses have gone bankrupt, while the government
                       supports the banks and large companies.”  He says
                       that the peoples of Colombia have been fighting for
                       50 years under the principle of unity, and that the
                       reform “has tipped the balance in favor of  the
                       message that we have been transmitting to Colombian
                       society — that we must fight for rights.”


                # ⚓ ‘We_Are_Sounding_the_Alarm’:_Global_Left_Warns_Right-Wing
                  Fujimori_Trying_to_Steal_Election_in_Peru⠀⇛


                       Progressive pro-democracy forces worldwide “sounded
                       the alarm” Friday as backers of right-wing Peruvian
                       presidential candidate and former dictator’s
                       daughter Keiko Fujimori alleged election
                       fraud—despite lack of evidence—as she challenged an
                       apparent win by leftist Pedro Castillo, who ran on
                       a platform to lift up the poor and redistribute the
                       nation’s wealth.


                       Fujimori, the daughter ex-President Alberto
                       Fujimori—currently in jail for his role in civil
                       massacres and corruption—has made what critics and
                       experts warn are baseless allegations of electoral
                       fraud, especially as independent observers have
                       reported no irregularities.


                # ⚓ Donald_Trump_Must_Be_Prosecuted_for_His_Crimes⠀⇛


                       Honoré de Balzac said, “Behind every great fortune
                       lies a great crime.” Apparently there are multiple
                       great crimes behind the Trump fortune, stretching
                       all the way back to his stealing most of his
                       initial wealth from other members of his family, as
                       his niece Mary Trump is alleging in a lawsuit.


                # ⚓ Cracks_in_the_Republic:_a_Soft_National_Break-Up_is_Already
                  Underway,_Is_a_Hard_One_Coming?⠀⇛


                       In early 2020, a coronavirus from Wuhan, China
                       quickly spread across the world, overwhelming
                       health care systems, shutting down economies.  The
                       pandemic cracked the global economy in a way
                       previously envisioned by only a few public health
                       experts.  Suddenly, it was no longer business as
                       usual. The plunge into Great Depression conditions
                       that took four years from 1929 to 1933 was
                       compressed into a few months, throwing tens of
                       millions out of work.  By spring, hectic downtowns
                       became boarded-up ghost towns. Crowded freeways
                       turned into empty concrete ribbons.


                       Then in May, cellphone video of a particularly
                       gruesome and cruel killing appeared showing a White
                       Minneapolis cop asphyxiating a Black man to
                       death.  Across the U.S. and around the world,
                       streets that had been empty swiftly filled again
                       with protestors.  Six years before, after another
                       police execution of a Black man, that of Michael
                       Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, only a relative few
                       took to the streets there and in other U.S.
                       cities.  Now the cry born in Ferguson, Black Lives
                       Matter!, echoed across the land.  The killing of
                       George Floyd sparked an uprising only hinted in the
                       earlier protests. Far more White people joined, and
                       in smaller towns and cities where such actions had
                       not been seen before.


                # ⚓ Kamala_Harris’s_Harsh_Message_to_Central_American
                  Migrants⠀⇛


                       This week, Kamala Harris embarked on her first
                       international trip as Vice President. The two-day
                       trip to Latin America was also Harris’s first major
                       effort at diplomacy after being put in charge of
                       Central American immigration policy by President
                       Joe Biden in late March. 


                # ⚓ Neoliberal_New_York_Times_Book_Review_Resurrects_Has_Been
                  Black_Pathology_Hustler⠀⇛


                       Letter To The Book Review


                       Joe Klein is someone who ekes out a living by
                       dissing Black people. He gets more space to write
                       about Black issues than any two hundred Black
                       scholars and intellectuals, In New York Magazine,
                       Klein blamed Black people collectively for the
                       Central Park Rape. He never apologized. to the
                       Central Park Five, who spent their youth in prison.
                       He once asserted that Black people should be turned
                       over to churches, coming from a man who lied about
                       his authorship of “Primary Colors.” His hero,
                       Daniel Moynihan, accused Black women of
                       “Speciation,” which is how a new plant or animal
                       species is created. Does Klein believe that Black
                       children are members of a new species?


                # ⚓ Progressives_Back_Ilhan_Omar_After_“Bad_Faith”_Attack_by
                  House_Democrats⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Democrats_Pass_on_Using_Key_Power_to_Kill_Trump_Rules⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Latin_America_on_the_Cusp_of_Revolution⠀⇛


                       But victory appears to be sprouting from the
                       freshly plowed fields of defeat. There is reason to
                       believe that throughout Latin America the next
                       hemisphere-wide revolution could be happening soon,
                       or has already begun.


                       As of June 9, it appears that Pedro Castillo will
                       be President of Peru, joining Chile and Colombia
                       among the leading nations pushing Latin America
                       sharply Left, while several other countries appear
                       well on their way. Because of a mostly-shared
                       language and common history of imperialist
                       victimhood, Latin American social movements
                       regularly spill over borders, and the stage is
                       being set for a flood.


                # ⚓ Rural_Teacher_Pedro_Castillo_Poised_to_Write_a_New_Chapter
                  in_Peru’s_History⠀⇛


                       Fujimori is challenging the election’s results,
                       alleging widespread fraud. Her campaign has only
                       presented evidence of isolated irregularities, and
                       so far there is nothing to suggest a tainted vote.
                       However, she can challenge some of the votes to
                       delay the final results, and much like in the U.S.,
                       even an allegation of fraud by the losing candidate
                       will cause uncertainty and raise tensions in the
                       country.


                       Castillo’s victory will be remarkable not only
                       because he is a leftist teacher who is the son of
                       illiterate peasants and his campaign was grossly
                       outspent by Fujimori, but there was a relentless
                       propaganda attack against him that touched on
                       historical fears of Peru’s middle class and elites.
                       It was similar to what happened recently to
                       progressive candidate Andrés Arauz who narrowly
                       lost Ecuador’s elections, but even more intense.
                       Grupo El Comercio, a media conglomerate that
                       controls 80% of Peru’s newspapers, led the charge
                       against Castillo. They accused him of being a
                       terrorist with links to the Shining Path, a
                       guerrilla group whose conflict with the state
                       between 1980 and 2002 led to tens of thousands of
                       deaths and left the population traumatized.
                       Castillo’s link to the Shining Path link is flimsy:
                       While a leader with Sutep, an education worker’s
                       union, Castillo is said to have been friendly with
                       Movadef, the Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental
                       Rights, a group alleged to have been the political
                       wing of the Shining Path. In reality, Castillo
                       himself was a rondero when the insurgency was most
                       active. Ronderos were peasant self-defense groups
                       that protected their communities from the
                       guerrillas and continue to provide security against
                       crime and violence.


                # ⚓ Roaming_Charges:_Biden’s_House_Has_Many_Manchins⠀⇛


                       Manchin didn’t rise into a pivotal position on the
                       Hill. He fell into it. I’ve watched him for 20
                       years or so and have yet to detect any particular
                       skill set. He’s not a gifted orator. He’s not a
                       tactician or strategist. He doesn’t come up with
                       new ideas or even repackaged old ones. Unlike his
                       predecessors Robert Byrd and Jay Rockefeller,
                       Manchin hasn’t been able to redirect stream of
                       federal money and infrastructure projects into his
                       destitute state.  Mainly, he’s perfected the role
                       (let’s refrain from calling it an “art”) of being a
                       loud-mouthed impediment to progressive policies and
                       exploiting that position for his personal
                       advantage, which means more and more airtime.
                       Lately, he’s been booked on more FoxNews shows than
                       Glenn Greenwald.


                       Manchin is, it must be said, one of the vainest
                       members in an institution renowned for its vanity.
                       He delivers populist rhetoric with freshly
                       manicured nails. Like most politicians, Manchin has
                       contempt for the people who elected him and whose
                       interests he must pretend to represent. But he
                       doesn’t try to conceal his disdain. He can openly
                       act as an agent of austerity in front of the very
                       people in most desperate need of federal
                       assistance, without a quiver in his voice. Most
                       politicians blame people for their own suffering.
                       But only a few, like Manchin, see their role in the
                       prolongation of human suffering as a badge of
                       honor.


                # ⚓ No_Matter_What’s_Happening_in_China,_the_West_is_Likely_to
                  be_Surprised_by_It⠀⇛


                       Sure, China is having a good pandemic. Life since
                       the initial COVID outbreak in Wuhan is pretty much
                       back to normal. Few restrictions are in place in
                       Beijing or Shanghai. But globally? China is the new
                       bogeyman. In corporate speak its brand image has
                       been damaged. The crackdown in Xinjiang and its far
                       from convincing protestations that COVID did not
                       leak from a Wuhan lab has holed its credibility
                       beneath the water line.


                       The trouble with the China rising to global
                       dominance scenario is it is nonsense but it does
                       suit certain factions in Washington and Beijing. It
                       allows the US to have an enemy, and maintain
                       defense spending. Beijing can pander to nationalist
                       sentiment, otherwise known as “wolf-warrior
                       diplomacy”. You know the story… stumbling America
                       hampered by global commitments will give way to the
                       more disciplined, regimented and innovative
                       challenger. China’s president, Xi Jinping is not
                       taken in by this. He knows, and has stated
                       publically, that excessive growth and the
                       corruption it inevitably brings will damage the
                       party. Hisraison d’etre for wanting to become
                       leader, back in 2012, was to save the party from
                       itself, ensure its survival. Better to have a
                       little growth and unquestioned party supremacy, he
                       warned, than a booming economy with the party
                       haemorrhaging power and authority.  Has he
                       succeeded? As Zhou Enlai, the late Chinese premier,
                       is often credited with saying about the success of
                       the French revolution “it’s too early to
                       say’’.  Zhou was actually referring to the student
                       revolt in Paris in 1968.


                # ⚓ GOP_Oregon_Lawmaker_Expelled_for_Letting_Far_Right
                  Extremists_Into_Capitol⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Jessia_Ashooh:_The_Taming_of_Reddit_and_the_National
                  Security_State_Plant_Tabbed_to_Do_It⠀⇛


                       Reddit is one of the world’s most influential news
                       and social media platforms. The website attracted
                       over 1.2 billion visits in April 2021 alone, making
                       it the United States’ eighth most visited site,
                       ahead of other leviathans like Twitter, Instagram
                       and eBay. Now majority-owned by a much larger
                       corporate publishing empire, Reddit is also far
                       ahead of more established news sites, garnering
                       three times the numbers of Fox News and five times
                       those of The New York Times.


                # ⚓ ‘Egregious’:_Facebook_Let_Pro-Trump_Group_Pose_as_Leftists
                  to_Split_Democratic_Vote⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Dianne_Feinstein_Is_an_Embarrassment⠀⇛


                       She’s said it before. Now she’s said it again.


                # ⚓ Neoliberalism_and_the_Problem_of_Neoliberal_Politics⠀⇛


                       To illustrate this point, as both fact and
                       metaphor, the trajectory of the greenhouse gas
                       emissions that are causing climate change appears
                       to be exponential (graph below). In plain language,
                       these emissions are growing at an increasing rate.
                       What this means is that mathematically speaking,
                       stumbling toward catastrophe can cause more
                       environmental harm in one period than hurtling
                       towards it does in another. This clearly doesn’t
                       make hurtling the preferred strategy. But it does
                       make time the enemy of solving climate change. The
                       failure to act substantively converts stumbling
                       into hurtling.


                       To understand how this metaphor works, how
                       stumbling is transmogrified into hurtling, the
                       graph below of the atmospheric concentration of
                       greenhouse gases shows a long history of cyclical
                       stability followed by a sudden, large, jump higher.
                       While the metaphor isn’t perfect— the time scales
                       are wildly different, the environmental logic
                       holds. One day the cyclical variability breaks. The
                       ‘telos of becoming’ as the philosopher Wilhelm
                       Dilthey put it, the logic of industrialism that has
                       always been embedded in environmental destruction,
                       is realized. Environmental catastrophe is its
                       product.


                # ⚓ Biden’s_Broken_Promises_Spell_Hard_Times_Ahead⠀⇛


                       Biden and the Dems may figure they can abandon
                       workers, because who will they turn to? Ignominious
                       Trump? The would-be Republican Reich devoted to
                       worker destruction? Not likely. But they could stay
                       home during the mid-terms and, even more
                       devastatingly for Dems, in 2024. Then we’ll have a
                       one-party autocracy, as one twitter wag put it,
                       with giant bronze statues of Trump everywhere.
                       Remember: Obama’s betrayal of tens of millions of
                       workers to bail out bankers ultimately gave us
                       Trump. And that demagogue waits in the wings.
                       Biden’s broken promises may just give him the
                       opening he needs.


                       Blaming Joe “I Just Don’t Give a Shit” Manchin for
                       Biden’s broken promises is lame. A president like
                       LBJ would have beaten Manchin into shape within his
                       first few weeks of office. LBJ’s DNC would have
                       defunded the renegade senator tout de suite. Even
                       more pathetic is Biden hiding behind the Senate
                       parliamentarian. When confronted with decisions
                       from this person that they didn’t like, GOP
                       senators earlier in the century just fired him.


                # ⚓ Indian_government_gives_final_notice_to_Twitter_to_comply
                  with_new_IT_rules⠀⇛


                       The Ministry of Electronics and Information
                       Technology (MeitY) and the Ministry of Information
                       and Broadcasting jointly introduced the Information
                       Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital
                       Media Ethics Code) Rules 20211 on the 25th February
                       2021 to put restrictions on digital platforms in
                       India. The rules provided a window of three months
                       to allow major social media companies, such as
                       Facebook, Twitter, YouTube & WhatsApp to comply
                       with the special provisions.


                       The new rules came into effect on the 26th May
                       2021.


                # ⚓ Social_media_influencer_represents_a_new_way_of_doing
                  politics_in_Mexico⠀⇛


                       But the main reason for the sharp increase in
                       García’s popularity was undoubtedly his wife’s
                       indefatigable promotion of him – mainly on the
                       photo and video social networking service
                       Instagram, on which Mariana Rodríguez currently
                       boasts 1.7 million followers.


                       García is no social media slouch himself – he has
                       about 2.5 million followers across Facebook,
                       Instagram and Twitter – but his wife’s somewhat
                       offbeat, sometimes humorous and less-political
                       Instagram posts and stories were credited as having
                       greater “cut-through” with voters.


                # ⚓ Nigeria_turned_off_Twitter._Nigerians_ask,_what_now?⠀⇛


                       The spat did not come out of the blue. With a
                       bulging, ultra-connected youth population, Nigeria
                       has some of the most engaged Twitter users in
                       Africa. Amid increasing insecurity and
                       unemployment, the country’s youth have wielded the
                       platform as an accountability weapon, calling out
                       politicians in scathing tweets – and making
                       government officials jittery about the sheer power
                       of the social media site.


                # ⚓ Ranked-Choice_Voting_Can_Make_Maya_Wiley_the_Next_Mayor_of
                  New_York⠀⇛


                       This year is different. New York Democrats aren’t
                       nominating their candidate according to the old
                       rules of 1977, or 1989. The ranked-choice voting
                       system that was adopted in a 2019 referendum allows
                       primary voters to rank up to five candidates. If a
                       voter’s first choice doesn’t get traction, her
                       votes transfer to the second choice, and the
                       process of redistribution continues until one
                       candidate has more than 50 percent of the votes.


                # ⚓ Milk_tea’s_colonial_roots_make_it_a_surprising_symbol_for
                  activists⠀⇛


                       The meme became a movement, the Milk Tea Alliance.
                       Its members swap tips about dodging internet
                       firewalls and avoiding arrest. The group includes
                       Hong Kongers and Taiwanese worried about the
                       looming shadow of the Chinese Communist Party
                       (China considers Taiwan to be a renegade province
                       that will one day be reclaimed). It also unites
                       Thais critical of the country’s military government
                       and protesters in Myanmar opposed to the junta’s
                       coup in February.


                # ⚓ Twitter_restricted_in_Nigeria_after_deletion_of_President’s
                  Tweet⠀⇛


                       Network data show that access to the Twitter
                       platform and backend servers is now restricted on
                       leading networks MTN, Globacom, Airtel and 9mobile.


          o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾


                # ⚓ CGGCGG:_The_latest_new-old_wrinkle_in_the_COVID-19_“lab
                  leak”_conspiracy_theory⠀⇛


                       As predicted, Monday’s post about how the “lab
                       leak” hypothesis for the origin of SARS-CoV-2, the
                       coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, is becoming a
                       conspiracy theory attracted trolls, although it did
                       not go viral. This latter happening is probably
                       fortunate for me. Given the volume of comments that
                       this post got from just 50% or so more traffic than
                       a typical post was more than enough for me to deal
                       with. (Also, because I don’t have advertising, any
                       increase in traffic that boosts my server costs
                       comes straight out of my own pocket.) Be that as it
                       may, given the protean nature of conspiracy
                       theories and their unrelenting nature, it should
                       surprise no one that, on the very same day I
                       published my post on the “lab leak” hypothesis,
                       elsewhere a new wrinkle to the conspiracy theory
                       hit the press in the Wall Street Journal and the
                       Daily Mail. (How appropriate.) The WSJ published an
                       op-ed by Steven Quay and Richard Muller entitled
                       The Science Suggests a Wuhan Lab Leak, while a
                       headline blared from The Daily Mail, all touting
                       how, supposedly, the presence of a “double CGG”
                       sequence (CGGCGG) in the nucleotide sequence of
                       SARS-CoV-2 was supposedly incontrovertible evidence
                       that this coronavirus could not have arisen
                       naturally and had to have been “engineered” in a
                       laboratory (in Wuhan, wink, wink, nudge, nudge):


          o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾


                # ⚓ Press_Violations_Explode_to_180_in_May_Alone_as_Israel
                  Cracks_Down_to_Buff_Its_Image⠀⇛


                       Despite wearing a press vest and holding a
                       government press card, Al Jazeera Arabic
                       correspondent Givara Budeiri was violently
                       assaulted and arrested by Israeli police on June 5.


                # ⚓ Florida_Sheriff’s_‘Intelligence-Led_Policing’_Effort_Is
                  Nothing_More_Than_A_Targeted_Harassment_Program⠀⇛


                       The Pasco County (FL) Sheriff’s Office has been
                       using a quasi-”pre-crime” program for years,
                       supposedly as part of its overall “public safety”
                       efforts. But it hasn’t done much more than give
                       officers an excuse to hassle people. It may
                       publicly claim it’s a smarter form of law
                       enforcement that makes better use of limited
                       resources to target problem areas and people. But
                       it isn’t. And the Sheriff’s Office knows it.


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ A_Cry_of_Hope_in_the_Absence_of_Hope⠀⇛


                       Writing in the Israeli daily, Haaretz (September
                       27, 2011), Israeli Martin Buber scholar Yael
                       Stemhell, wrote: “We, the Jews who live in Israel,
                       participate each day, each hour, in the denial of
                       basic rights to Palestinian citizens, in the
                       perpetration of the settlements and the
                       occupation.” She likens the Israeli resistance to
                       giving a state to the Palestinians (which means,
                       essentially, granting them the full range of human
                       rights guaranteed by the UN Declaration of Human
                       Rights and codes of human decency) to those
                       Southern US whites who resisted granting the vote
                       to American Blacks. She alludes to the “chains of
                       hatred, fear and the racism that grips the state of
                       Israel” and the “paranoia that paralyzes us, that
                       blocks all possibility of realizing a solution.”


                       It is also distressing and dispiriting to listen to
                       the pontifications of the American religious right
                       who twist themselves into pretzels by trying to
                       identify the “kingdom of God” with an ethnic state
                       for Jews alone, completely forgetting the suffering
                       and agony of Christian Palestinians. How’s that for
                       a bitter paradox? The American religious right
                       imagines that the creation of the state of Israel
                       in 1948 was the Big Move in God’s Grand Chess Game.
                       They think they know precisely how God is working
                       in history—and claim that they have received
                       directions to support Israel-no-questions-asked
                       because they know how the end times will unfold,
                       square by square, move by move.


                # ⚓ Secret_Law_Making:_Liberal,_Bloc_and_NDP_MPs_Unite_to_Back
                  Undisclosed_Bill_C-10_Amendments_Without_Discussion_or
                  Debate⠀⇛


                       For the Liberals, NDP and Bloc to adopt secret new
                       provisions that will not be revealed until after
                       the committee has concluded its work forever taints
                       Bill C-10 as the product of an illegitimate
                       process. If the bill makes its way to the Senate,
                       it will be incumbent on the Senators to conduct the
                       democratic, public hearings that the Liberals
                       rejected and ensure that the dozens of amendments
                       that were never part of a proper Parliamentary
                       process are fully revisited and properly vetted.


                # ⚓ ‘Dangerous_and_Unconscionable’:_Amnesty_Finds_Biden_Is
                  Illegally_Expelling_Thousands_of_Unaccompanied_Children⠀⇛


                       A detailed new report by Amnesty International
                       finds that the Biden administration is abusing an
                       anti-trafficking law to forcibly expel thousands of
                       unaccompanied Mexican children seeking asylum at
                       the United States’ southern border, often sending
                       them back to dangerous conditions without
                       adequately screening for threats to their safety.


                       Titled Pushed Into Harm’s Way, the 50-page report
                       (pdf) released Friday documents the Biden
                       administration’s effective continuation of its
                       predecessor’s policy of rejecting nearly all
                       asylum-seekers at official ports of entry along the
                       U.S.-Mexico border.


                # ⚓ The_ACCESS_ACT_Takes_a_Step_Towards_a_More_Interoperable
                  Future⠀⇛


                       In recognition of this reality, the House Judiciary
                       Committee has released a number of proposed laws
                       which would reign in the largest players in the
                       tech space in order to make a healthier, more
                       competitive internet ecosystem. We’ll have more in-
                       depth analysis of all of them in the coming weeks,
                       but our initial thoughts focus on the proposal
                       which would make using a service on your own terms,
                       or moving between services, much easier: the ACCESS
                       Act.


                       The “Augmenting Compatibility and Competition by
                       Enabling Service Switching Act”—or ACCESS Act—helps
                       accomplish a goal we’ve long promoted as central to
                       breaking the hold large tech companies have on our
                       data and our business: interoperability.


                       Today too many tech companies are “roach motels”
                       where our data enters but can never leave, or be
                       back under our control. They run services where we
                       only get the features that serve their
                       shareholders’ interests, not our needs. This
                       stymies other innovators, especially those who
                       could move beyond today’s surveillance business
                       models. The ACCESS Act creates a solid framework
                       for change.


                # ⚓ Air_Attack:_Sound_as_Police_Weapon⠀⇛


                       News this week that police had deployed the LRAD
                       (Long-Range Acoustic Device) against protesters
                       resisting the Line 3 pipeline in northern Minnesota
                       reminded us again of the potential of sound as
                       weapon. “Device” is a euphemism: a gun, by this
                       formulation, is merely a bullet-delivery-device.
                       The manufacturer’s own descriptions of its range of
                       LRAD products stresses the contraptions capacity
                       for “communication.”


                       A year ago this sound cannon was used quell
                       protests in Portland. On the local CBS station news
                       on June 6, 2020 the city’s police explain that the
                       weapon, used to combat protesters the previous
                       night, is only dangerous when used improperly.
                       Trust the authorities with tools of sounding
                       warfare at your peril.


                # ⚓ Darnella_Frazier_Receives_Pulitzer_Special_Citation_‘for
                  Courageously_Recording_the_Murder_of_George_Floyd’⠀⇛


                       Darnella Frazier, the Minnesota teen whose
                       cellphone video recording of Derek Chauvin kneeling
                       on George Floyd’s neck last May was key piece of
                       prosecution evidence in the trial the ended with
                       the former Minneapolis police officer’s murder
                       conviction, received an honorary Pulitzer Prize on
                       Friday.


                       Frazier, who was 17 years old when she shot the
                       harrowing footage, was awarded this year’s Special
                       Citation from the Pulitzer Board “for courageously
                       recording the murder of George Floyd, a video that
                       spurred protests against police brutality around
                       the world, highlighting the crucial role of
                       citizens in journalists’ quest for truth and
                       justice.”


                # ⚓ After_NYPD_Found_“No_Wrongdoing”_in_Officer’s_Killing_of
                  Kawaski_Trawick,_a_Watchdog_Finds_Fireable_Offenses⠀⇛


                       For more than two years, the aftermath of the
                       police killing of Kawaski Trawick in New York has
                       mostly been defined by what hasn’t happened.


                       Last summer, the Bronx District Attorney’s Office
                       concluded it didn’t have evidence to charge the two
                       officers involved in the fatal confrontation. This
                       year, the Police Department determined “no
                       wrongdoing was found” and said no officers would
                       face discipline.


                # ⚓ Militarized_Police:_A_Consequence_of_the_War_on_Drugs⠀⇛


                       All wars have casualties. The war on drugs is no
                       exception. From the impoverished farmers in
                       Afghanistan who faced the choice of defying either
                       the Taliban or the U.S. military, to those who will
                       die in federal prison for non-violent drug
                       offenses, many have been caught in the crossfire.


                       The war on drugs has impacted a myriad of domestic
                       institutions within the United States. Nowhere is
                       this more apparent than in analyzing the evolution
                       of U.S. domestic policing.


                # ⚓ Cori_Bush,_AOC_Launch_Inquiry_Into_Health_Effects_of_Tear
                  Gas_Used_by_Police⠀⇛


                # ⚓ “City_Hall_Put_the_Kibosh_on_That”:_The_Inside_Story_of_How
                  de_Blasio_Promised,_Then_Thwarted_NYPD_Accountability⠀⇛


                       Years ago, before he was mayor, Bill de Blasio laid
                       out the essence of any effort to reform the
                       country’s largest police department. New York City
                       needed true civilian oversight.


                       Describing the city agency tasked with
                       investigating police misconduct as “more of a
                       lapdog than a watchdog,” he proposed in 2009 to
                       give it more independence, authority, and
                       guaranteed funding. A few months later, he again
                       pledged change, saying in a statement, “the NYPD
                       cannot oversee itself.”


                # ⚓ Noam_Chomsky:_The_Elites_Are_Fighting_a_Vicious_Class_War
                  All_the_Time⠀⇛


                       A groundbreaking linguist, Chomsky has done more to
                       live up to this maxim than almost any other
                       contemporary intellectual. His political writings
                       have laid bare the horrors of neoliberalism, the
                       injustices of endless war, and the propaganda of
                       the corporate media, earning him a place on Richard
                       Nixon’s “Enemies List” and in the surveillance
                       files of the CIA. At ninety-two, Chomsky remains an
                       essential voice in the anti-capitalist movements
                       his ideas helped inspire.


                       Ana Kasparian and Nando Vila interviewed Chomsky
                       for Jacobin’s Weekends YouTube show earlier this
                       year. In their conversation, Chomsky reminds us
                       that history is a process of continuous struggle,
                       and that the working-class politics needed to
                       secure universal health care, climate justice, and
                       denuclearization are out there — if we’re willing
                       to fight for them.


                # ⚓ Union_Busters_Operate_in_Secret_—_And_Want_to_Keep_It_That
                  Way⠀⇛


                       But the size and scope of Amazon’s efforts — and
                       who was coordinating them — wasn’t fully visible to
                       the public or to employees partaking in the
                       election, because the Trump administration scrapped
                       a rule that would have required disclosure of
                       certain union-busting expenditures by corporations.
                       The so-called persuader rule was designed to
                       spotlight an industry that rakes in nearly $340
                       million a year advising corporations on how to
                       prevent their employees from unionizing.


          o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


                # ⚓ Senator_Wicker_Introduces_Bill_To_Guarantee_The_Internet
                  Sucks⠀⇛


                       Why does Senator Roger Wicker from Mississippi hate
                       the internet? Wicker, who has a close relationship
                       with big telcos, who have long made it their
                       mission to destroy the open internet, was already a
                       co-sponsor of an awful “Section 230 reform” bill
                       last session, and is back now with what he’s
                       ridiculously calling the “PRO-SPEECH” Act. It
                       stands for “Promoting Rights and Online Speech
                       Protections to Ensure Every Consumer is Heard Act.”
                       But, in reality, it is a blatant (and
                       unconstitutional) attack on free speech.


                # ⚓ Former_FCC_Boss_Wheeler_Says_Trump_FCC_Napped_On
                  Cybersecurity⠀⇛


                       As we’ve made clear by now, the FCC under Trump
                       spent four straight years kissing monopoly ass.
                       From eliminating decades-old rules protecting
                       consumers and competitors from the harms of media
                       consolidation to gutting the FCC’s consumer
                       protection authority simply because AT&T and
                       Comcast wanted it done, the agency under Pai was a
                       textbook example of regulatory capture. There were
                       a few high points (like the creation of a national
                       suicide hotline), but by and large the FCC under
                       Pai was just a mindless rubber stamp for the
                       industry’s wealthiest players.


                # ⚓ 1000_Californians_Have_Asked_Their_Representatives_To_Fix
                  Our_Broken_Broadband_System._Have_You?⠀⇛


                       Californians far and wide have spent the pandemic
                       either tethered to their high-speed broadband
                       connections (if they’re lucky), or desperately
                       trying to find ways to make their internet ends
                       meet. School children are using the wifi in parking
                       lots, shared from fast food restaurants. Mobile
                       broadband isn’t cutting it, as anyone who’s been
                       outside of a major city and tried to make a video
                       call on their phone can tell you. Experts
                       everywhere insist we need a bold plan that gives
                       communities, organizations, and nonprofits the
                       ability and the funds to build fiber infrastructure
                       that will serve those individuals who aren’t on the
                       radar of the big telecommunications companies. 


                       Demand Better Broadband


                       Take 60 Seconds to Call Your RepRESENTATIVES Today


                # ⚓ Google_subsea_cable_will_handle_data_surge_between_US,
                  Brazil,_Argentina⠀⇛


                       Google is building a new subsea cable to shuttle
                       your megabits between between the eastern US,
                       Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. The fiber optic
                       line, called Firmina after a Brazilian
                       abolitionist, is due to start operations in 2023.


                       “Internet infrastructure is not in the cloud, it’s
                       under the ocean,” said Bikash Koley, vice president
                       of global networking at Google. Firmina is the 16th
                       submarine cable Google has built or invested in.
                       “The internet is still growing steadily year over
                       year. I expect that train to continue,” he said.


                # ⚓ IPv6_Adoption_in_2021⠀⇛


                       2021 marks a full ten years since World IPv6 Day,
                       the coordinated test event that led to the IPv6
                       launch event on 6 June 2012. We’re all aware that
                       IPv6 deployment is, so far, a mixed story:
                       depending on your network, it might either be the
                       dominant network protocol, or it might be an item
                       kicked into the long-grass of a planning document
                       years into the future, or (more likely) it’s
                       somewhere in the middle of that spectrum.


                       So as usual, let’s ask ourselves: where are we now,
                       globally, and what’s changed?


                # ⚓ Telecom_reform_in_Austria:_consumers_must_benefit_from
                  Router_Freedom⠀⇛


                       It should go without saying that anyone should be
                       able to freely choose and use a router and modem of
                       their choice for Internet connection, like one does
                       with smartphones and other devices. This so-called
                       Router Freedom refers to the right for consumers to
                       choose and use a private modem and router instead
                       of the devices supplied by the Internet service
                       provider (ISP). The right to use terminal equipment
                       of one’s own choice is guaranteed in the EU by the
                       Net Neutrality Regulation. However, as part of a
                       major reform of the telecommunications sector in
                       Europe (the EECC directive), new rules are being
                       introduced that may have a negative impact on
                       Router Freedom, because they affect the status of
                       routers being considered as terminal equipment.


          o § Monopolies⠀➾


                # ⚓ Will_Congress’_Big_New_Push_On_Antitrust_Actually_Solve_Any
                  Competition_Issues?⠀⇛


                       On Friday, as has been widely expected for a while,
                       a bunch of House lawmakers led by David Cicilline
                       introduced five new antitrust bills that would, if
                       they become law, completely reshape how antitrust
                       works in the US. At least for tech companies.
                       Somewhat notably, many of the bills seem written
                       specifically to target just one industry and to
                       avoid having to deal with other industries. The
                       text of the bills has been floating around all week
                       as the Democrats who are pushing them hoped to find
                       some Republican co-sponsors. And, based on Friday’s
                       press release, it appears they found at least one
                       Republican to sponsor each bill (though only four
                       Republicans in total, as they got Lance Gooden to
                       agree to sponsor two of the bills).


                # ⚓ India_And_Tech_Companies_Clash_Over_Censorship,_Privacy_And
                  ‘Digital_Colonialism’⠀⇛


                       One night last month, police crowded into the lobby
                       of Twitter’s offices in India’s capital New Delhi.
                       They were from an elite squad that normally
                       investigates terrorism and organized crime, and
                       said they were trying to deliver a notice alerting
                       Twitter to misinformation allegedly tweeted by
                       opposition politicians.
                       But they arrived at 8 p.m. And Twitter’s offices
                       were closed anyway, under a coronavirus lockdown.
                       It’s unclear if they ever managed to deliver their
                       notice. They released video of their raid afterward
                       to Indian TV channels and footage shows them
                       negotiating with security guards in the lobby.
                       The May 24 police raid — which Twitter later called
                       an “intimidation tactic” — was one of the latest
                       salvos in a confrontation between the Indian
                       government and social media companies over what
                       online content gets investigated or blocked, and
                       who gets to decide.
                       While the Indian constitution includes the right to
                       freedom of speech, it also bans expression or
                       publication of anything that risks India’s
                       security, public order or “decency.” But the
                       government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has
                       introduced a long list of new IT rules going beyond
                       this. They require social media platforms to warn
                       users not to post anything that’s defamatory,
                       obscene, invasive of someone else’s privacy,
                       encouraging of gambling, harmful to a child or
                       “patently false or misleading” — among other
                       things.
                       If the government orders it, platforms are required
                       to take down such material. The rules also require
                       platforms to identify the original source of
                       information that’s shared online or, in the case of
                       messaging apps, forwarded among users. Company
                       executives can be held criminally liable if the
                       platforms don’t comply.
                       Many tech companies are aghast. They say these
                       rules violate their users’ freedom of expression
                       and privacy, and amount to censorship. Free speech
                       advocates warn that such rules are prone to
                       politicization and could be used to target
                       government critics.


                # ⚓ Ohio_Attorney_General_asks_courts_to_declare_Google_a
                  public_utility⠀⇛


                # § Patents⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Immutep_Secures_Second_European_Patent_For
                        Eftilagimod_Alpha,_A_Soluble_LAG-3_Protein,_In
                        Combination_With_A_PD-1_Pathway_Inhibitor⠀⇛


                             Immutep Limited (ASX: IMM; NASDAQ: IMMP)
                             (“Immutep“ or “the Company“), a biotechnology
                             company developing novel immunotherapy
                             treatments for cancer and autoimmune disease,
                             is pleased to announce the grant of patent
                             number EP3473263 entitled “Combined
                             Preparations for the Treatment of Cancer” by
                             the European Patent Office.


                             This European patent was filed as a
                             divisional application and follows the grant
                             of the European parent patent announced in
                             November 2018, and the corresponding United
                             States patents announced in December 2020 and
                             March 2021.


                      # ⚓ Immodulon_Gains_Allowability_of_Claims_for_Key
                        European_Patent_Application⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Immodulon_Gains_Allowability_of_Claims_for_Key
                        European_Patent_Application [Ed: A very low standard
                        because the EPO no longer does proper assessment of
                        patent applications, so many fake EPs are granted]⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Ten_Frequently_Asked_Patent_Questions. [Ed: Even Team
                        UPC or UPC boosters have mostly given up UPC hopes]⠀⇛


                             No, whilst there have been discussions
                             regarding a Unitary European Patent for a
                             number of years it is unlikely that this will
                             be available anytime soon.


                      # ⚓ Patent_law_reform:_Bundestag_introduces_principle_of
                        proportionality⠀⇛


                             Following an overnight session, the German
                             parliament (Bundestag) adopted reforms to its
                             patent law early this morning. Core to the
                             amendments are specifications on the
                             provision of the automatic injunction. This
                             always follows in German patent proceedings,
                             if the court rules on a patent infringement.


                             The reform enables courts to apply the
                             principle of proportionality in cases where
                             injunctive relief would represent a
                             disproportionate hardship to an alleged
                             infringer or third parties. It also makes
                             provisions to substitute compensatory
                             payments for injunctive relief, instead of
                             courts automatically handing out injunctions.


                             Thus, an express reference to the
                             requirements of good faith now supplements
                             section 139, sentence 3 of the German Patent
                             Law. Judges must therefore also take into
                             account the legitimate interests of the
                             patent owner when assessing whether there is
                             unjustified hardship precluding the right to
                             injunctive relief.


                      # § Software Patents⠀➾


                            # ⚓ IP_Edge_entity,_Xylon_Licensing,_patent
                              challenged⠀⇛


                                   On June 3, 2021, Unified Patents filed
                                   an ex parte reexamination against U.S.
                                   Patent 8,719,165, owned by Xylon
                                   Licensing, LLC, an NPE and IP Edge
                                   entity. The ‘165 patent relates to
                                   completing secure transactions using a
                                   mobile device and a secure computer. It
                                   has been asserted in 13 district court
                                   litigations against companies such as
                                   Plains Capital, Texas State Bankshares,
                                   Mastercard, Shopkeep, Global Payments,
                                   and others.


                # § Trademarks⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Oatly_Sues_PureOaty_For_Trademark_And_Trade_Dress
                        Infringement⠀⇛


                             Maybe it’s something about being in a
                             beverage industry that makes people treat
                             trademark law as though it were something it
                             most definitely is not. For years, we’ve
                             discussed the trademark problem that the
                             exploding craft beer industry has faced.
                             Oatly, the Swedish company that produces that
                             well known non-dairy milk product, is most
                             certainly not in the alcohol business, but
                             they appear to be aping the most aggressive
                             members of that unrelated industry in a
                             recent lawsuit filed overseas against a very
                             small competitor, which makes a product
                             called PureOaty.


                # § Copyrights⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Wormhole:_Instant_Encrypted_File-Sharing_Powered_by
                        WebTorrent⠀⇛


                             Wormhole is a browser-based tool that allows
                             people to instantly share files with end-to-
                             end encryption. The service uses WebTorrent
                             under the hood and is free to use. BitTorrent
                             will speed up transfers but people are not
                             required to keep their browser windows open
                             if files are smaller than five gigabytes.


                      # ⚓ Court:_BREIN_Can_Continue_Action_Against_Hosts_in
                        ‘Pirate_CDN’_Streaming_Case⠀⇛


                             In 2019, BREIN, MPA, and ACE shut down
                             Moonwalk, a huge ‘pirate CDN’ that provided
                             thousands of movies and TV shows to hundreds
                             of pirate sites. That content was stored at
                             hosts in the Netherlands, which are now
                             facing legal pressure to hand over details of
                             their customers. Two of the hosts rejected
                             BREIN’s standing but a court has now sided
                             with the anti-piracy outfit.


                      # ⚓ Music_Publishers_Sue_Roblox_In_Full_Frontal_Assault
                        On_The_DMCA⠀⇛


                             A huge and potentially important copyright
                             lawsuit was filed this week by basically all
                             of the big music publishers against the
                             immensely popular kids’ gaming platform
                             Roblox. Although the publishers trade
                             association, the NMPA, put out a press
                             release claiming the lawsuit, it doesn’t
                             appear that NMPA is actually a party. The
                             lawsuit is, in many ways, yet another full
                             frontal assault on the DMCA’s safe harbors by
                             the legacy music industry. There’s a lot in
                             this lawsuit and no single article is going
                             to cover it all, but we’ll hit on a few high
                             points.


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