𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, August 25, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 26 Aug 02:40:01 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmZG8SsTJ2EBg5zMrWS4NdoMh7QZt2TnLqG82m3jgLsAZd QmUBS5HzGuXErkfDwpHxMKeu8if7jt5YH6ph1UrqNMz1B4 QmSWfDrRGYcLy39sAw1ufjzyZqmJSUhgxqCS1mGSB3cgvL QmNxGTwQ4Jqei88THW4dMGEZoRKbJsm6pBPtpAahou3GQi QmXBU6oKqgN1Lsd8vCX9iBHiUi66fm8iL3uXsJgyh4LH33 QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR QmSkz4YGj3vTuC8Q6t7fPmQkSbvtThba65AHUjyotSbHLW QmWZ187KL1KiuWZ2T69aUFqaDmvDMVo7e6ALsQCK58yNP1 QmY1VJmnrgnvD1UeZntn4kd7Q7Jkehp6eqZHBkGEiqnTdi QmaFyToU47jF5UkU2CTtva1HKGz8X6fJ9MiRnoN9EVF2PR QmfBw8KjEL4jUBLnCDfDMTME9vkCdKPKjn6wFninkuMEkV QmPdYmkA2hjyfyb9e14JCR2pZHcisLHLdZcWJARrrMyhgf Qmb89E6YUPLiH43tv6JNBD4QzFumg2nk2gABmYEbbPv2KP QmXVwu1HjvyJZ3HSFKoFGkBp26Y9G8sfvY6NBAe4KoK6Kp QmTLQpRMfp5Xuv2kMCWwSjxTme9kskdKXqZpqfxd5zsmov QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV QmYGEn3vvtL9MNwJ6i1VEHszMRzevprL1qcHGvx2WA4383 QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ A Closer Look at Baltic States’ Membership in the EPO and the Significance | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Doyen in the Baltic Region | Techrights ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part III – Introducing the Finnish “Facilitator” | Techrights ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part II – Old Wine in New Bottles... | Techrights ⦿ How Finland, With About 20 Times More European Patents Than Baltic States Combined, Has Controlled Those States for the Battistelli Era Regime (and Campinos Era Too) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, August 24, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Martti ’Vichy’ Enäjärvi | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Finnish Your Coffee | Techrights ⦿ Linux-Libre’s Alex Oliva: Thank You, Linus! | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-epo-wonks/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-region-meme/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-finnish-facilitator/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-old-wine-in-new-bottles/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/finnish-doyens/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/irc-log-240821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/martti-enajarvi-meme/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/political-finnish-hacks/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/proprietary-linux-anniversary/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/amd-frontier/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/kiss-linux/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/qemu-6-1-released/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 73 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-epo-wonks/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-epo-wonks/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ A_Closer_Look_at_Baltic_States’_Membership_in_the_EPO_and_the_Significance⠀✐ Posted in Europe at 9:31 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 0ccada7477b7aaf35cfb22856c718d1c http://techrights.org/videos/finland-and-baltic-states.webm Summary: We’re progressing towards the ‘meat’ of the series about Finland and Baltic states, whose reckless policy wonks are partly responsible for the demise of the EPO Having just published part_two_of_the_series, a series that deals with enablers of Benoît_Battistelli (and to some degree António_Campinos as well), we now publish another video about the EPO. “We caution in advance any proud Finns who might wrongly perceive this as us ‘bashing’ Finland…”We recently learned that a lot of the lobbying for European software_patents comes from Finland, not just from Nokia (we wrote about this way more than a decade ago and condemned Nokia for this) but also Finnish officials_of_Campinos, who go_to_the_UK_(not_EU)_to_promote_software_patents. No coding experience required; it’s like a religion to them. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Heli Pihlajamaa and flag of Finland⦈ We caution in advance any proud Finns who might wrongly perceive this as us ‘bashing’ Finland; this isn’t about nationalism or racism or whatever… it is about explaining the patterns we see and political systems which enable abuses (countries aren’t monoliths; there are also political parties). A week ago, in a_prior_series, we already spoke about some of these issues. We said that “the Finnish media reported that the head of the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH), Martti Enäjärvi, had been convicted on charges of repeated misuse of his official credit card over a period of five years between 2005 and 2010. The total amount involved was reported to be of the order of € 50,000.” Stay tuned for Part III. There will be about 20 parts in total. █ ⠀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 161 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-region-meme/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/baltic-region-meme/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Doyen_in_the_Baltic_Region⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:42 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇I_didn't_invite_this_buffoon;_Trump_-_Stable_Genius:_Finland is_Part_of_Russia;_Also,_Putin_and_I_control_the_region⦈_ Summary: “Finnish social media users reacted with derision to the claim in John Bolton’s book about the Trump administration that the US president didn’t know if Finland was part of Russia,” a report from last summer said ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢟⡛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⢫⡝⣯⣭⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠠⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡻⣛⣛⡻⠍⣝⢫⣭⡝⡏⣭⢭⡉⣿⡟⢱⣶⡏⣲⡟⣼⢳⡏⣷⢸⣏⢮⢸⣯⡇⢻⣾⡇⠻⣮⡫⠿⣯⢺⡇⣿⣹⣼⣿ ⠭⣭⣍⡉⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣶⠓⣿⢸⣧⣿⢸⡏⣿⡿⡏⣿⣾⡇⣿⢸⡇⠆⣿⢘⣷⣔⡇⣿⢞⣱⣏⣷⢸⡟⣧⣿⣧⣿⣼⣇⣿⢸⡏⣾⣾⡇⡿⠸⠿⢟⡻⠾⣧⡻⠞⢙⢓⣛⣽⣧⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⢿⡾⡟⣿⢸⣧⣽⡗⣿⠸⠹⢇⡿⢾⣧⣤⣿⣜⣓⣫⣦⣿⣼⣾⣧⣭⣬⣵⣭⣿⣿⣛⣿⣖⣒⣷⣾⣿⣷⣧⣼⣬⣥⣧⣶⣭⣶⣼⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⣠⣭⣭⣍⣥⣠⣄⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡞⣛⡛⢳⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⠶⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣼ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣯⡉⠉⢙⣭⣾⠃⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⣻⣿⠿⡟⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣟⡅⢀⣹⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢰⣼⣿⣆⢢⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠁⠘⣿⡏⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠀⢻⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣭⣙⡛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣽⣹⠃⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣷⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠻⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⢷⣏⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⠰⠶⠶⠶⠾⠶⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⢸⢻⢸⢽⣿⣿⣿⣾⣽⣹⣽⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢡⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠶⠄⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢛⣉⣥⠀⢀⡜⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠛⣛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠈⠡⠀ ⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⢹⡟⣏⢿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣀⣸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⡶⡇ ⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠻⠘⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣻⠷⣤⣴⢾⣿⣿⣿⠹⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀ ⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠄⢺⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⡷⠀⠀⠠⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⠼⠂⡸⣿⢿⡇ ⣿⢹⢿⡄⣿⠀⣯⡓⢸⢿⡇⣿⠇⣏⣿⢸⢸⡇⢹⡏⢸⢸⣧⣿⠀⢸⢿⠀⣷⣾⢸⡏⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⠻⠇⣾⢹⡆⣷⣼⠈⣿⠁⣟⡿⢸⡏⡇⣿⠈⠁⢻⠏⣿⣸⡇⣿⡁⠀⣿⣿⢸⣏⢰⡏⠗⢸⠁⡏⣿⢸⣧⡇⡇ ⠏⢸⠺⡇⣿⠄⢮⡿⠸⣾⠇⡌⡇⠏⢲⠸⣼⢧⢸⠷⢸⠸⠏⠿⠀⢾⠺⠆⠏⠿⢸⡧⠇⠀⢿⠀⠸⣤⠆⢿⡼⠃⠏⢿⠀⡿⡆⡏⡿⠸⣧⠇⢿⡄⡀⢸⠇⠿⠹⠇⢿⡄⠀⠿⢽⠸⣧⠸⣧⠿⢸⠀⢧⡿⢸⠻⡇⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⢳⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣻⣷⣶⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠒⠻⠶⠒⠛⠢⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 216 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-finnish-facilitator/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-finnish-facilitator/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the_Finnish “Facilitator”⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:49 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. You are here ☞ Introducing the Finnish “Facilitator” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Martti_Enajarvi_and_Bogash_(WIPO)⦈_ Martti Enäjärvi (centre) in 1992 flanked by WIPO Director-General Arpád Bogash (left) and his predecessor as head of the Finnish PRH, Timo Kivi-Koski (right). Summary: An enabler of Benoît_Battistelli, Martti Enäjärvi, as seen from the eyes of suppressed Finnish journalists Finland enjoys a reputation as a country blessed with a low level of corruption. For example, Transparency International’s 2017 Corruption Perception Index rated Finland as the third-most-transparent country in the world (after Denmark and New Zealand). “Finland enjoys a reputation as a country blessed with a low level of corruption.”While it is generally accepted that there is little direct corruption in Finland, it is also recognised that there is a significant amount of hidden_structural_corruption which relies on what the Finns call “hyvä_veli- verkosto” or the “good brother” network. The Finnish “good-brother” network is the Nordic equivalent of the British “old boy” network and it is basically a by-word for cronyism in business and political circles. “The Finnish “good-brother” network is the Nordic equivalent of the British “old boy” network and it is basically a by-word for cronyism in business and political circles.”As we shall see in due course, such networks played a significant role in the career of Martti Enäjärvi, both inside Finland and beyond. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Finnish Picardia: EPO dictatorship? I like!⦈ Enäjärvi was at the helm of the Finnish Patents and Registration Office (PRH) for 24 years. Finland acceded to the European Patent Convention in 1996 so this means that he spent 14 years of his tenure on the Administrative Council of the EPO. Finland had also joined the EU a year earlier in 1995 and this led to Enäjärvi becoming heavily involved with the EU trademark agency OHIM/EUIPO for many years. “Finland had also joined the EU a year earlier in 1995 and this led to Enäjärvi becoming heavily involved with the EU trademark agency OHIM/EUIPO for many years.”Between 1998 and 2001, he served as deputy Chairman of OHIM’s Administrative Board (the equivalent of the EPO’s Administrative Council) and between 2004 and 2007 he was the Chairman of the Board. As we shall see later on, Enäjärvi’s retirement from the Finnish PRH didn’t end his relationship with the EU trademark agency. As recently as 2018 he was still active as a “Special Advisor” to the executive director of EUIPO, António Campinos. Enäjärvi’s departure from the PRH in 2010 was deemed worthy of a mention in the Annual_Report [PDF] of the national patent office in neighbouring Estonia: There was a change of generations in the National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland. The Director General Martti Enäjärvi, a good friend of Estonia and a steady cooperation partner, retired. Here I would like to express my sincere gratitude for everything he has done for the Estonian Patent Office! We hope that the successful cooperation of almost 20 years will continue. This is our wish. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Martti_Enajarvi_and_PRH⦈_ In 2017, the PRH included a tribute to Enäjärvi in a publication celebrating its 75th anniversary. In a publication [PDF] celebrating its 75th anniversary in 2017, the Finnish PRH also included a short tribute to its former Director-General which reads as follows (in translation): The lawyer Martti Enäjärvi, followed Timo Kivi-Koski at the helm of the PRH. His career is the longest of any Director General of the PRH, starting in early 1986 and ending with his retirement in August 2010. Martti Enäjärvi came to the PRH from his position as Director of Public Relations at Kymi Strömberg. He led a reform programme to overhaul the organisation of the PRH, reduce processing times and improve advice and customer service. The agency moved to results-based budgeting, management and governance. Labour productivity increased significantly and customer satisfaction improved. New activities were transferred from the Ministry of Justice to the PRH in the area of associations and foundations. Mr Enäjärvi was President of the WIPO General Assembly from 1989 to 1991 and Chairman of the Board of the EU’s Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (OHIM) from 2005 to 2007. He continues to hold a position of trust even after retirement, as a senior advisor to the EU Intellectual Property Office (formerly OHIM). As you might have guessed already, these official encomia omit the most interesting facts about the career of this elder statesman of the “European IP network”. But with the help of publicly accessible material from Finnish news archives it becomes possible to fill in at least some of the gaps … Martti Jaakko Juhani Enäjärvi was born in Helsinki on 14 August 1942. His father was Jaakko Eljas Eklund, a lawyer and senior civil servant who later became a member of the Finnish Supreme Court and served as Chancellor_of Justice from 1965 to 1970. “It’s not clear what motivated him to do this, but Eklund is a Swedish name and he may have thought that having a more Finnish sounding name would improve his career prospects in the newly independent Finland.”For some reason Jaakko Eklund decided to change the family name to Enäjärvi in 1922. It’s not clear what motivated him to do this, but Eklund is a Swedish name and he may have thought that having a more Finnish sounding name would improve his career prospects in the newly independent Finland. Enäjärvi is the name of a lake in the municipality of Vihti, near Helsinki, where Jaakko Eklund was born. Martti Enäjärvi studied law and after graduation he worked for some time as the Director of Public Relations at Kymi Strömberg. This was an electromechanical manufacturing subsidiary of the Kymmene Corporation, an industrial conglomerate, at that time owned by the Finnish magnate Caisimir_Ehrnrooth. In 1986, Enäjärvi was plucked from obscurity and placed in charge of the PRH by the then Minister for Labour, Urpo_Leppänen from the Finnish_Rural_Party, a predecessor of the contemporary True_Finns_party. “In 1986, Enäjärvi was plucked from obscurity and placed in charge of the PRH by the then Minister for Labour, Urpo Leppänen from the Finnish Rural Party, a predecessor of the contemporary True Finns party.”Twelve years later, in the autumn of 1998, an anonymous whistle-blower contacted the police in Helsinki to inform them of suspected irregularites in which Enäjärvi was allegedly implicated. The anonymous whistle-blower also tipped off the crime reporter Harri_Nykänen who wrote for the leading Finnish daily newspaper, Helsingin_Sanomat (HS). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Harri_Nykanen⦈_ Investigative journalist Harri Nykänen from the Helsingin Sanomat tried to put the spotlight on Enäjärvi in 1998, but his efforts were obstructed by his bosses. Nykänen started investigating the allegations against Enäjärvi. By the end of October_1998 [PDF], he had established the background and had written an article about the case for the HS. The article explained how a rental contract for PRH premises had come under investigation by the Finnish tax authorities. “…Helsinki Criminal Police had opened a preliminary investigation against Enäjärvi on suspicion of bribery as a public official due to his role in the negotiation of the rental contract.”The disputed lease was for more than FIM 250 million with a real estate company Merita Kiinteistöt Oy. Enäjärvi led the lease negotiations on behalf of the PRH and was advised by his friend Martti Jokinen. Merita Kiinteistöt paid Jokinen’s company a sum of FIM 240,000 for his assistance and Jokinen did not declare the income to the tax authorities. This led to an official investigation by the Corporate Tax Office. In a_follow-up_article published in December_1998 [PDF], Nykänen described how the Helsinki Criminal Police had opened a preliminary investigation against Enäjärvi on suspicion of bribery as a public official due to his role in the negotiation of the rental contract. Nykänen’s attempts to cover the case were frustrated by his bosses at the HS who barred him from reporting on it while the police investigation was in progress. “But Enäjärvi was now on the public radar and – as we shall see in the next part – he was soon being subjected to renewed scrutiny by the Finnish media.”Nykänen gave his account of the affair in an interview with the Finnish student magazine Ylioppilaslehti, published [PDF] in March_2000. In the end, it seems that Enäjarvi was let off the hook by the public prosecutor because – according to the official story – there was not enough evidence to indicate any wrongdoing on his part. But Enäjärvi was now on the public radar and – as we shall see in the next part – he was soon being subjected to renewed scrutiny by the Finnish media. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠈⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠃⠛⠙⠙⠿⠻⠹⠟⠛ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢹⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⠽⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⣀⣤⡀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣒⣮⡽⢿⣟⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣥⣶⣶⡄⠙⣿⣱⡏⠛⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠈⠋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢛⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⡿⠗⠀⠘⢿⣄⢛⣯⣽⣿⣷⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠉⠉⠙⣛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⣿⡿⡫⢿⣇⢷⣾⣶⣤⣽⡙⠹⣟⣿⡿⠻⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠂⠀⠄⠂⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣑⣓⣀⠘⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣤⣥⣅⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠈⢉⣾⠇⠈⠉⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠘⠛⢛⡊⠁⢀⢤⣦⣽⣓⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⢩⣽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠂⢫⠿⠧⠀⠙⣓⡿⢁⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡠⠀⠿⢏⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣛⣛ ⠀⣠⣲⠀⠈⠀⠀⢂⡀⢱⣦⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⠀⠘⢸⢻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠐⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠓⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣏⠛⠋⣛⣹⣿⣭⣶⣿⣻⣿ ⣀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⢀⠀⠉⢛⣭⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠧⣭⣭⣯⣽⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿ ⡓⠒⠠⠌⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀⣴⣿⠟⣡⣾⣤⠀⢴⣶⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢠⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣦⣭⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⠭⣾ ⠌⡁⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡿⠃⠈⠝⠻⡿⡀⡮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡛⠃⠀⠀⢀⣶⡤⠄⠀⠀⠠⠈⠛⢣⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⡒⠀ ⠒⠞⠛⠿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣾⣿⠟⠡⣄⡐⠢⢪⣴⡇⠘⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣷⣬⣤⣴⣶⣤⡶⠾⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣺⠆⠊⠑⠀⢀⣽⣿⡿⢃⡄⠘⠙⠟⢶⣂⣿⣧⢿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡿⠛⠯⠛⠃⠹⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠟⠁⣸⡇⠀⠂⠀⠈⢡⡿⡀⢸⠙⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠬⠇⠀⠀⠀⠸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠄⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣛⣻⣿ ⠁⠁⢀⣼⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⣴⠏⢀⡇⣾⡴⢷⣱⡝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⢁⣰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⢣⣾⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠠⠋⢀⠀⢠⡾⠃⠀⡞⢱⢸⠃⠘⡇⠇⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢚⢻⡉⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣰⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠈⡡⢡⡧⠈⡴⠟⠀⠀⢰⠀⠎⢸⠀⡀⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢤⣻⢼⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⢸⡇⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣧⣆⣸⢀⣯⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡬⣾⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣝⡻⢿ ⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣩⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡽⣧⣀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣯⠻⠀⣰⣿⣆⠹⠿⠋⠉⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠙⠿⠇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡆⠀⠈⠀⠀⢰⠃⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⡀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠻⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⡟⣿⢸⡇⣿⡏⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡞⢻⣿⠋⣸⣿⣧⢘⢻⣿⠃⣿⡏⣿⡀⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⡹⢇⢸⣇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡆⠿⢹⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⢸⣿⣛⡅⣿⡇⣿⠸⠃⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣤⡄⢸⣿⠀⣿⣇⣿⢸⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⠇⣿⢻⣷⢐⣙⢿⣮⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⣛⡅⣶⠾⠿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣸⣛⣿⣧⠛⠿⠟⠀⠀⠛⠓⠛⠁⠛⠃⠛⠷⠟⠁⠘⠛⠀⣻⣋⣟⣯⣸⣛⣷⣛⣷⣟⣄⣛⣚⣻⣘⡻⢾⣫⣘⣃⣛⣇⣛⣇⣻⣇⣿⣇⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣵⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣴⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣠⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠸⣯⡍⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⣀⠉⣠⣾⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⣿⢁⡿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠘⠏⠀⣾⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣾⣶⣦⢠⣦⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣿⣿⣟⠋⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠭⠤⠀⠐⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⣶⣦⣤⣀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⡆⠐⠋⢀⢀⣀⣔⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠈⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠂⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⢨⣅⣹⢹⣶⣶⣶⣿⢹⣫⣭⣬⣭⣭⢩⡅⣭⣭⣥⣦⠺⣛⣑⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠠⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠋⠻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣸⣿⣿⣿⢏⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠏⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⠋⢀⣾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢠⡟⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⣸⡿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠛⠁⣠⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠟⢸⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢉⣴⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠃⣤⡾⠆⠘⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⠉⣸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠶⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢀⠋⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠐⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣯⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣭⣭⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⡛⠛⠀⠛⠛⠻⠿⠇⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⣀⠿⠿⠿⢿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣯⣽⠛⢿⣿⢺⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡳⣿⣿⣿⡇⣈⣿⣿⣧⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣇⣤⣠⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡯⢻⣿⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⡄⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⢿⣫⡏⠻⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⣿⠟⠈⠂⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠺⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣭⣤⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠌⠋⠀⣸⡟⣻⣿⠏⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿ ⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠸⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⢂⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢸⣆⣀⣀⣀⣛⣫⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡟⠘⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⡎⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⢠⣤⣽⡇⠈⠙⠛⠿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣴⣦⣶⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣜⣖⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣔⣞⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⢔⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠏⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠈⠙⠳⢦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡖⠀⡈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣶⣸⣧⣤⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠛⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡻⣿⣿⡟⠉⠻⢶⣖⠤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⡔⠘⢿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠿⣆⠈⠉⠛⠿⣶⣔⠻⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡼⠋⠁⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⠂⠘⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠙⠹⣿⣮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡂⣠⠞⠁⠀⠐⠚⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠟⢉⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⢀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡍⠀⠀⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⡟⣴⣶⣶⡶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠀⣼⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠽⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠰⠃⠈⠉⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⡟⠿⠿⣿⡿⠋⣁⣄⣤⣿⣿⡿⠀⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠒⠻⢿⠸⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣄⡀⠀⣀⡴⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠹⠿⠍⠁⣙⣫⣾⠿⠀⢼⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠨⡄⠈⡀⣿⣯⡻⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⠷⢤⡄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠛⠡⠂⣠⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠧⠀⠝⠻⣷⡜⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢞⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⡇⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⠋⣼⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⠿⠁⣼⣿⣿⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠈⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⡟⠳⢶⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⡳⣄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣥⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⡜⣦⡀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 553 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-old-wine-in-new-bottles/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/epo-old-wine-in-new-bottles/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New_Bottles…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 9:08 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. You are here ☞ Old Wine in New Bottles… Summary: “The main focus of the present series is the relationship between the Baltic States and the European Patent Organisation.” After regaining their independence in 1991, the Baltic States proceeded to re- establish various state institutions which had been abolished under Soviet rule, including their national patent offices. The first directors of these offices were old-school technocrats who had learnt their “trade” under the Soviet regime: - Estonia: Matti Päts (d.o.b. 10 April 1933) - Lithuania: Rimvydas Naujokas (d.o.b. 21 April 1950) - Latvia: Zigrīds Aumeisters (d.o.b. 28 March 1930) These gerontocrats remained in charge of their respective national patent offices for at least two decades – in the case of Matti Päts in Estonia, for almost a quarter of a century. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇baltin-cold-guard⦈_ The old guard in charge of the national patent offices of the Baltic States after independence in 1991. From left to right: Rimvydas Naujokas (Lithuania), Matti Päts (Estonia), Zigrīds Aumeisters (Latvia) The first to go was Aumeisters who retired as head of the Latvian office in June 2010. Naujokas retired as head of the Lithuanian office in June 2014 and Päts was finally put out to pasture in Estonia in March 2015. Päts was already pushing 60 when he took up his position as director of the newly established Estonian Patent Office and he was over 80 when he retired in 2015. Aumeisters was in his early sixties when he took up his position in Latvia and he had just passed the 80 mark when he departed in 2010. “Aumeisters was in his early sixties when he took up his position in Latvia and he had just passed the 80 mark when he departed in 2010.”The youngest of the bunch was the Rimvydas Naujokas who was in his early forties when he took over at the Lithuanian Patent Office and was “only” 64 when he stepped down as director in June 2014. But even then he stayed around for another year and a half as a “chief advisor”. The main focus of the present series is the relationship between the Baltic States and the European Patent Organisation. The first thing to be noted here is that all of these countries were accepted as members of the EPO within a decade and a half after independence. Estonia was the first through the door on 1_July_2002 [PDF], followed by Lithuania some time afterwards on 1_December_2004 [PDF] and joined by Latvia six months later on 1_July_2005. [PDF] “The main focus of the present series is the relationship between the Baltic States and the European Patent Organisation.”At around the same time, all three Baltic States became NATO members (29 March 2004) and also joined the EU (1 May 2004). On the Administrative Council of the EPO, Benoît_Battistelli seems to have got on like a house on fire with the representatives of the Baltic States, Päts, Naujokas and Aumeisters. These were old-school autocrats who seem to have viewed “democracy” and “fundamental rights” as some kind of abstract academic nonsense that shouldn’t be allowed to get in the way of the practical business of “administration”. “These were old-school autocrats who seem to have viewed “democracy” and “fundamental rights” as some kind of abstract academic nonsense that shouldn’t be allowed to get in the way of the practical business of “administration”.”When Battistelli put his name forward as candidate for the position of EPO President in 2009, all three Baltic patent bosses are reputed to have been enthusiastic supporters of his efforts to crown himself as the “Sun-King” of EPOnia. Once he had been elected they continued to support him with unwavering loyalty for the duration of his eight-year term of office. One of the best kept secrets of Battistelli’s relationship with the Baltic triumvirate is the role played by the then head of the Finnish Patents and Registration Office, Martti Enäjärvi. “One of the best kept secrets of Battistelli’s relationship with the Baltic triumvirate is the role played by the then head of the Finnish Patents and Registration Office, Martti Enäjärvi.”Enäjärvi is reputed to have acted as the intermediary or “facilitator” who helped to open doors for Battistelli in the Baltic region. In the following parts, we will take a closer look at this little known elder statesman of the the “European IP network” and his controversial career as head of the Finnish Patents and Registration Office which spanned almost a quarter of a century between 1986 and 2010. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢉⠫⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⡙⢿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢤⠄⠀⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡟⣿⣿⣷⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⠛⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⢠⡈⠁⠀⠇⢻⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣧⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣀⣀⠓⠀⢀⠀⠸⣿⣯⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣾⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠫⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⢳⣧⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠁⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠁⠉⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿ ⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠉⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣄⠀⢀⣠⣴⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⡋⢨⣩⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢤⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠉⢿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⢨⢽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡞⡃⢰⣶⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢘⡆⠋⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 709 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/finnish-doyens/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/finnish-doyens/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ How_Finland,_With_About_20_Times_More_European_Patents_Than_Baltic_States Combined,_Has_Controlled_Those_States_for_the_Battistelli_Era_Regime_(and Campinos_Era_Too)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 3:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 344703fb8ff085056d6832cfb281c5fb http://techrights.org/videos/baltic-epo-series.webm Summary: Up north in Eastern Europe there is also a profound problem of “doyens” with their ‘vassal states’; this has enabled Battistelli to ruin the EPO and turn examiners into ‘disposable labour’ in Dutch and German ‘gulags’ THE FINE nation of Finland will certainly be in many news headlines today because of a certain Finn, maybe the most famous Finn, who about a decade back also got naturalised as an American citizen. The media will point out that the Linux kernel turns 30, which is technically correct, but that’s often accompanied by revisionism (a kernel alone is not an operating system). “EPO dictatorship isn’t enabled by poor countries but rich countries that commandeer the poorer ones.”In any event, the current EPO series will show how Benoît_Battistelli was enabled by Finland’s rotten political appointments/ appointees, who are like "doyens" in their region. In terms of patents, with companies like Nokia in the mix, Finland is way ahead of “lesser” Baltic states. Nokia is a longtime proponent of European_software_patents. EPO dictatorship isn’t enabled by poor countries but rich countries that commandeer the poorer ones. Finns play a role in that too, as noted here back in June when we wrote about Heli Pihlajamaa (known inside EPO as “Ms Pyjamas”) [1, 2]. During the António_Campinos era’s so-called ‘results’ we’re not finding a complete breakdown of all states anymore (based on number of patents and patent applications; they used to be publicly categorised by country of origin). Older data is still accessible*, but as we noted earlier this month (in relation to Macedonia), it’s very hard to find it; the pertinent data is shown in the screenshots below; I thought it would be worthwhile looking that up while recording the above spontaneous video and a quick investigation revealed that it was even worse than I had expected. The current series will last well into the middle of September. Part II of the series is fully drafted and it is ready to be published later today. █ _____ * To hypothesise a bit, it seems like the EPO no longer publishes full (as opposed to top-level) statistics, instead just naming top applicants and top countries of origin; maybe to avoid the embarrassment of any particular country being a ‘low-activity’ member, or Battistelli signing deals with countries that have zero European Patents? We can still access those tools from the 2017 “results” page (back then those statistics would often become a liability to EPO management or a bit of a ‘shame list’ — not the intended purpose at all!). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_stats_for_Latvia⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_stats_for_Lithuania⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_stats_for_Estonia⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_stats_for_Finland⦈_ ⣿⣿⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣁⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣀⣀⣴⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣀⣈⣁⢀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡡⠉⠋⠉⠉⠑⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠉⢸⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣛⣛⣓⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣒⣂⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠅⠉⠉⢩⠉⠉⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣙⣛⣛⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣂⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠉⠙⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠙⢛⢛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡋⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⣿ ⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠈⠉⠉⢻⣷⠀⣿ ⣿⠄⢐⣒⣒⣓⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠀⣿ ⣿⣧⡈⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠩⠁⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣙⣛⣓⣒⣓⣒⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣂⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠋⠉⠁⠉⠉⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⡈⠁⠉⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠩⠉⠉⢹⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣒⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠈⠉⠋⠉⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣓⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣚⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣒⣒⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡉⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡡⢈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⠁⢀⠀⠈⢺⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣑⣚⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣂⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠈⠈⠉⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠉⠈⠀⡐⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣉⡅⠈⠉⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⠉⢹⡏⢩⣿⠉⣿⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡉⠀⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣰⣇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣀⣀⣰⣇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⡭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⢀⡀⠁⡀⢀⡨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⡐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣨⡸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⢭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⢭⢽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣸⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣰⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⢭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⢀⡀⡁⣈⡈⡁⠀⢀⢀⠀⠈⣀⡈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅⡀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣀⣀⣸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⠉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣉⠈⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⡇⠀⢸⡇⢘⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⢈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣀⠈⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⡉⡉⠈⢉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⠠⣰⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣭⣭⡭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⡭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⠭⢭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣇⣄⣄⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣯⣀⣿⠅⣸⡗⣠⣿⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣀⣄⣨⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢟⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣤⣤⣠⣀⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣄⣤⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣤⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⣀⣠⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⡀⢀⡀⣀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣀⣀⡀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡉⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⡭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⢭⣭⣭⠭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⡈⠉⠉⠉⠉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣁⡀⢘⣀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡉⠈⠉⠈⢉⠉⠈⠉⠀⠈⢉⠈⠁⠀⠈⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣃⢁⠈⣈⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣙⣓⣓⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠍⠙⠋⠙⠛⠛⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠹⠉⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠗⠷⠶⠷⠿⠷⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠷⠿⠶⠾⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠘⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠻⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠹⠙⣿⠉⢹⣿⢸⣿ ⡁⠐⠐⠒⠀⠂⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠀⠒⠘⠛⠀⢚⣛⣘⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠋⠉⣿⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠶⠿⠤⢼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⣶⠖⢾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣬⣿⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠦⢶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⢶⠶⣶⠶⢾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣀⣠⣤⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⣀⣿⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⣶⠶⣶⠶⢶⡶⠶⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣴⣴⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣯⣤⣿⣤⣼⣧⣤⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠿⠟⠛⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠐⢶⣶⡶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠲⠲⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⢶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⢶⢶⡶⠢⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣠⣄⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣤⣄⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣄⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣼⡀⢀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣆⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣸⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⣙⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡚⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠙⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠋⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠋⢫⠉⠈⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⠶⠶⠿⠾⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠾⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠶⠷⠾⠷⠶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠈⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⢹⠋⠁⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠶⠶⠶⠶⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠶⠶⠦⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠴⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠤⠤⠼⠦⠄⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠟⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⣰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣄⡤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⡶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⣶⠶⠢⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣠⣸⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣍⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⠭⢭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠭⡭⠭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⡭⡭⢭⡭⠭⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⣈⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣄⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣸⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⢀⠀⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣀⡀⣘⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣙⣛⣛⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣊⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣍⠙⣀⠉⠉⡉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢹⡏⠉⢹⠏⠉⣿⠉⢹⡏⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠉⠁⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 902 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/irc-log-240821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/irc-log-240821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_August_24,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:17 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 240821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-240821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-240821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 240821.txt 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmeowkiDxtYvdWSi9pJ1vpov8AM9d6dGV8jdYaN4scWLEy #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmcpEFiAY9Ad9QQTDH3UHh5wePYuEf1J4d9gUtVhapystK (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmdLmf3sMpiceKybcYNECkH7JgXH1ZMGru3hv6e2CWYdEy social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmZyRq4rqjFZFJK4YejbQ85FitADN6eqCJXWvprDfbShGg social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmNTME9d4V9evkkuiFwh4Q9RNBgKLaGnKVeWR8592byAFA #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  Qmas77noQL39XR9nfxB8yrwTGi91vG8rsDyjHdFHXLnf37 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmXnGALdW7UDehmwWPkkZGzTnQLqxY2CgzBea5Tu1wDtig #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmRbhci1ej44cLhcsYBhTcENbzbpSuSpdWPbzFr7tosWYo (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1028 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/martti-enajarvi-meme/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/martti-enajarvi-meme/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Martti_‘Vichy’_Enäjärvi⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Fraud, Patents at 9:53 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vichy_Finland⦈_ Summary: Martti Enäjärvi, who was convicted a decade back, was a key enabler of EPO dictator Benoît_Battistelli ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠷⠶⠶⠒ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⡎⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⣿⡎⠖⠂⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⣀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠴⢂⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣛⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣛⡻⠿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉⠉⢹⣿⠘⠛⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡀⡐⢀⠆⡴⠒⠢⢰⠂⢠⠄⢤⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣸⡟⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣴⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠁⠸⠀⠣⣀⠄⣸⡉⢹⠀⠈⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⣝⣛⣋⣛⣛⣛⣭⣭⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣀⡀⠴⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠟⠩⠚⣫⡍⣽⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⡰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣯⣭⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⡿⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠻⠿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⢵⣿⣷⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡶⠶⠾⠇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣄⣴⣶⣶⣾⡿⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠘⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⠘⣥⠀ ⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠉⣿⡆⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠶⠿⠃⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1074 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/political-finnish-hacks/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/political-finnish-hacks/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Finnish_Your_Coffee⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 9:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇European_patent_office..._Is_that_French?_Finnish_also⦈_ Summary: How Finnish hacks enabled French autocrats [1, 2] who nowadays ruin the EPO with their grifting friends… an ongoing series in Techrights ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡸⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠖⡶⣾⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠖⢁⠀⠬⠭⢬⣽⣳⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢀⣀⣉⡀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠐⠤⣤⣌⣛⢀⣀⣀⣠⠤⠦⠽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠋⠉⠉⠛⠛⠲⠂⠉⠉⠁⠛⠟⠠⠾⠿⣦⣉⣀⡉⡩⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⡉⠁⠁⠉⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠈⠰⢤⠴⡶⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣾⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣈⣻⣳⡀⠀⠀⡀⢺⡏⠛⠀⠀⠀⠂⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢠⣶⠚⠙⠛⠛⠹⠿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠃⢸⣧⠀⠀⣀⣈⠛⠊⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⡰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡇⠒⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⢰⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠐⠚⡗⠀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⡿⢟⣛⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⡇⣿⡟⠃⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣷⢰⣿⢹⣷⢸⣿⠛⣿⢸⣿⠛⡄⣿⢿⡇⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⠉⢙⠃⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣁⣀⡁⣿⡿⠃⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠿⣟⢸⣿⢛⢸⣿⣸⣧⢸⡿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣤⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠇⠿⠷⠶⠸⢿⣼⠟⠸⠿⠸⠿⠘⢿⣼⠟⠸⠿⢸⣿⠸⠿⠶⠸⠿⠹⠿⠸⠇⠹⠿⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡟⣡⣿⣤⣿⣿⣶⣀⠀⠈⠉⠋⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⣉⣉⠉⠙⣛⣃⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣐⡂⣀⡀⢀⡀⣐⣛⣓⠒⣾⠗⣒⡻⠿⣟⣛⡛⢛⣛⡀⢀⡰⡿⢟⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠈⢟⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⠛⣿⡟⠃⣿⡟⠃⣿⣧⢸⡇⡛⣿⡟⣳⡇⣾⡏⣿⡇⣿⡟⠃⣿⡟⠛⣿⡇⢸⣿⢹⣷⢸⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣠⣶⣎⢻⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢶⣶⣦⡸⣿⣷⡤⠀⣿⡿⠟⢸⣿⣸⣧⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⠃⣿⡟⠃⣿⡇⢸⣿⢈⣉⢸⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⡉⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠸⠿⠹⠿⠀⠿⠇⠀⠿⠷⠆⠿⠇⠿⠇⠀⠿⠇⠿⠇⠻⣧⡿⠃⠿⠇⠀⠿⠇⠀⠿⠇⠸⢿⣼⠟⠸⠿⠶⠰⠆⠶⠰⠆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠒⢶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠃⠰⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠁⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢛⣋⣩⣭⣤⣤⣬⣭⣉⡛⠿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣚⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣉⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢫⢽⡹⣿⣿⣷⣦⡙⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⣀⣘⡛⠻⠯⠤⢰⡿⠿⢿⣧⣿⣿⠧⡤⠀⠀⡤⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⡛⡽⡔⠯⢬⢯⠳⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢳⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⠋⠠⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣰⣿⡿⢟⣋⢧⣧⢻⡿⡽⢎⡯⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡜⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣇⡀⠐⠒⠛⠋⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣏⢷⡚⣎⢏⣣⢵⠪⡵⠜⣟⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣼⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣡⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⢦⡀⠀⠀⢀⠿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢹⣿⣿⣦⣥⣶⡏⣶⣜⢧⡩⠽⣨⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⢋⣼⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠟⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣀⣀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣧⠀⠘⠟⣸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⢟⣪⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⠿⢃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡌⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⣋⣩⣤⣤⣍⣙⠻⠌⢻⣿⡿⠟⠂⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠉⠃⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢈⡀⠚⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠆⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠘⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣟⣿⣿⣬⣼⣿⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠦⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⠉⠉⠛⠃⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⡹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⢀⣿⠿⠟⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⠠⣿⢟⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢟⣛⠿⣛⣛⡃⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣈⡛⠿⣛⣈⣛⢛⡛⢁⣁⠻⢟⣛⡛⠀⣀⡁⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⣿⡇⣾⣏⠿⠇⢿⣜⢻⣿⢛⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣇⠘⢻⣿⠛⠀⠀⣿⡟⠃⣿⡏⣿⡆⣿⡟⠛⢸⣿⣸⣿⢰⣿⠉⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⡇⠸⠿⢹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⠀⣿⡇⣈⡻⣷⡆⠀⣿⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢻⣿⢠⣿⣸⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠃⣿⡟⣿⡅⣿⡿⠃⢸⡿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣉⡁⣿⡿⣿⡇⢰⣶⣼⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠻⣧⣼⠟⢰⣿⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠙⣿⡄⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⣶⢸⡇⢹⣿⠘⢿⣤⡿⠃⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢹⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⡀⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1147 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/25/proprietary-linux-anniversary/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/25/proprietary-linux-anniversary/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Linux-Libre’s_Alex_Oliva:_Thank_You,_Linus!⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Kernel at 11:51 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Original here Summary: “If you were to believe the fake software freedom supporters who celebrate Linux today, you’d be celebrating a proprietary software pre-release announcement.” Thirty years ago, on this day, a Finnish student announced his plans to the world: he wanted to develop an operating system, and he'd already ported some components of the GNU operating system to work with his kernel. https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://lwn.net/2001/0823/a/lt-announcement.php3 He went on to release that which he referred to as a kernel under the name Linux, initially as proprietary software. https://web.archive.org/web/1/https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/ Historic/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01 https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://www.oldlinux.org/Linus/index.html If you were to believe the fake software freedom supporters who celebrate Linux today, you’d be celebrating a proprietary software pre-release announcement. They pretend the GNU operating system, that he credited and relied on, and that spared him from duplicating the effort of development of most of the operating system, does not exist, or is not relevant. By relying on GNU software and freedoms, he could focus on developing the kernel, and he eventually turned it into a major contribution to humankind when he re-released it as FLOSS, and the combination of Linux and GNU went on to achieve significant interest, adoption, and user freedom. Historical records suggest the relicensing of Linux took effect on Feb 1st, 1992. https://web.archive.org/web/1/http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/Historic/ old-versions/RELNOTES-0.12 Software freedom supporters have celebrated GNU on Sept 27. How about also celebrating the first (*) Linux liberation, the first major Free Software gift Linus Torvalds has given us all, on Feb 1st? Thank you, Linus Torvalds! So blong, █ _____ (*) That's not to be confused with the second liberation of Linux, in response to the integration of proprietary blobs in the kernel Linux, some of them present to this date. The second liberation efforts eventually became the GNU Linux-libre project. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1231 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_25/8/2021:_Linux_at_30_and_in_AMD_Frontier⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:55 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ TUXEDO_refresh_the_Polaris_15_and_17_laptops_with_new_AMD and_Intel_options⠀⇛ TUXEDO Computers have returned with a splash today to show off their new Polaris 15 and 17 Linux laptops. They’ve been refreshed and upgraded with some powerful updated components with both AMD and Intel options. “The choice between AMD and Intel has never been more difficult, as both processors are now almost on par – so our customers have a hard decision to make.” — Herbert Feiler, CEO TUXEDO Computers o § Server and Ubuntu⠀➾ # ⚓ Scientists_calculate_value_of_Pi_to_62_trillion_digits, claim_new_world_record [Ed: Running Ubuntu]⠀⇛ A team of scientists from Switzerland’s University of Applied Sciences Graubünden claim they have broken the world record for calculating the value of Pi. The researchers used a supercomputer to calculate the value of Pi to 62 trillion digits, breaking previous records set by Google and Engineer Timothy Mullicon, who holds the current record for calculating Pi’s value to 50 trillion digits. “The calculation of the new pi-digit world record by the DAViS team at the University of Applied Sciences in Graubünden took 108 days and 9 hours. It is therefore almost twice as fast as the record that Google set in its cloud in 2019, and around 3.5 times as fast as the last world record from 2020,” the researchers said in a statement. # ⚓ Why_safety-first_connectivity_has_become_business_critical for_the_IoT [Ed: Self-serving puff pieces from Canonical]⠀⇛ Not only can the financial risks associated with security breaches be significant, but further cost can come in the form of user trust, which in light of evolving use cases post-Covid-19, can be even more critical to businesses. With offices changing and transport networks set to adapt in line with new commuter behaviors, IoT solutions need to be safety-first to ensure they can guarantee positive user experiences that do not provoke alarm or concern. The customer confidence that is achieved through having a secure, user- friendly IoT device enables further development and investment. As the world moves into a ‘new normal’, it is vital that trust is at the heart of this, and safety-first IoT is the most effective means of achieving this. IoT device manufacturers of all sizes should review and commit to developing and executing a sound cybersecurity strategy for all new products. As the threat landscape becomes more complex, manufacturers should leverage trusted computing technologies to provide more agility and speed of deployment – to be safe in the knowledge that all layers of security are implemented to protect against the growing sophistication of the threats of the future. # ⚓ August_2021_Web_Server_Survey [Ed: Microsoft_continues_to decline_and_decline_and_flounder_in_Web_servers]⠀⇛ In the August 2021 survey we received responses from 1,211,444,849 sites across 263,733,974 unique domains and 11,327,711 web-facing computers. This reflects a loss of 4.99 million sites, but a gain of 1.64 million domains and 67,600 computers. The number of unique domains powered by the nginx web server grew by more than a million this month, while Apache’s count fell by 916,000. This has extended nginx’s lead in the domains metric, giving it a 29.8% share compared with Apache’s 25.5%. OpenResty gained 234,000 domains, but its market share remained static at 14.5%, while Cloudflare gained 726,000 domains and increased its market share to 7.72%. The number of web-facing computers using nginx has continued to increase, this month by 49,000 (+1.18%). There are now 4.19 million web-facing computers running nginx, compared with 3.52 million that run Apache. Microsoft follows in third place with 1.38 million computers. The web-facing computers metric has painted a remarkably stable trend over the past several years, as is evident in the graph below, with both Microsoft and Apache steadily falling while nginx has progressively climbed to first overtake Microsoft in 2017, and then Apache during 2020. There has also been a rise in “Other” web servers, which includes several nginx-based spinoffs such as OpenResty and Tengine. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ PineBook_and_PinePhone:_Why_I_LOVE_Them!⠀⇛ # ⚓ mintCast_368_–_Unlimited_Steam_Games⠀⇛ 1:28 The News 24:36 Security Update 28:51 Bi-Weekly Wanderings 42:30 Announcements & Outro First up in the news OpenSSH takes another step, Firefox and Thunderbird match now, Lots of new releases and AV1 headed for kernel support In security, you were this close to having all games on Steam Then in our Wanderings Joe started Joe’s Plumbing Service and I’ve been boring # ⚓ Epic’s_Receipts_|_Coder_Radio_428⠀⇛ Things are worse than we ever thought, but that doesn’t prevent us from taking a victory lap. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ 30_Years_Later,_the_Trajectory_of_Linux_Is_Star_Bound_| LinuxInsider⠀⇛ When 21-year-old Linus Torvalds, a then computer science student from Helsinki, released a new type of computing system built on a kernel he created on Aug. 25, 1991, he laid the foundation for what became the Linux operating system. Today the Linux community is estimated to be 86 million users strong. It has become the backbone of large enterprises and is installed in government systems and embedded in devices worldwide. That percentage of Linux users is a bit misleading. When we dig down under that 86 million figure, we find that server, network, and enterprise use of Linux is extensive. But the number of desktop Linux users is vastly less large. [...] The Linux desktop offers users a reliable and rigorously secure computing alternative to Windows and macOS. But with no real marketing plan for desktop Linux, typical computer users are clueless that Linux exists as a viable and free operating system. Even computer users preferring other platforms benefit from Linux. It has been ported to more hardware platforms than any other operating system, thanks to the popularity of the Linux-based Android operating system. # ⚓ Linux_at_30:_How_Android_came_to_be,_well,_Android⠀⇛ Android is the world’s most beloved consumer operating system (OS), powering billions of smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and other gadgets all around the globe. While there are many other popular operating systems in use, none have accomplished quite such a broad reach as Android. The OS’ success story is a long and winding one but today we’re looking back to the true origin story. Although Google (rightly) takes the credit for Android’s development, the operating system’s early building blocks owe their existence to the similarly ubiquitous but lesser-recognized Linux OS. Today, Linux distributions span Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, and many, many others, powering PCs, servers, and Raspberry Pis all around the globe. # ⚓ 30_Years_ago…⠀⇛ On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds posted his famous message to the comp.os.minix USENET group… # ⚓ Happy_30th_Birthday_Linux_|_One_Of_The_Biggest_Day_In_The History_Of_Tech_|_Itsubuntu.com⠀⇛ Today is the 30th birthday of our favorite operating system Linux. It is one of the biggest day in the history of technology. Right now, Linux is one of the most popular and powerful operating systems that is being used in wide range of sectors. It is powering laptops to mobiles, washing machines to super computers and so on. # ⚓ Happy_Birthday_to_Linux,_30_years_strong_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ It was on this day 30 years ago that a younger Linus Torvalds announced a free operating system to the comp.os.minix group and from there it exploded across servers, desktops and plenty more. Now one of the most popular operating systems in the world, you can find it nearly everywhere you look including 100% of the top 500 supercomputers. There’s a Linux distribution for everything, and Linux is what will also be powering the upcoming Steam Deck with Valve using SteamOS that’s based on Arch Linux. What Torvalds said “won’t be big and professional like gnu” has changed the world. # ⚓ This_is_why_Linux_is_not_an_operating_system [Ed: Seems like a plagiarism site, just like this]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Peter_Hutterer:_libei_–_a_status_update⠀⇛ A year ago, I first announced libei – a library to support emulated input. After an initial spurt of development, it was left mostly untouched until a few weeks ago. [...] First, a short recap of what libei is: it’s a transport layer for emulated input events to allow for any application to control the pointer, type, etc. But, unlike the XTEST extension in X, libei allows the compositor to be in control over clients, the devices they can emulate and the input events as well. So it’s safer than XTEST but also a lot more flexible. libei already supports touch and smooth scrolling events, something XTest doesn’t have or is struggling with. Terminology refresher: libei is the client library (used by an application wanting to emulate input), EIS is the Emulated Input Server, i.e. the part that typically runs in the compositor. # ⚓ Loongson_Continues_Working_On_LoongArch_For_Linux,_But_It’s Mostly_Copying_MIPS_Code_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Loongson this summer rolled out their 3A5000 processors built on their own “LoongArch” ISA. While the company continues claiming that LoongArch is “not MIPS”, the Linux kernel code they continue proposing for the mainline Linux kernel points to it being a close facsimile to MIPS. LoongArch is the Chinese company’s effort to have a domestic processor not dependent upon foreign technology. While the company has long produced MIPS-based processor designs, with their new processors they are using LoongArch as they describe as “a new RISC ISA” for the Chinese CPU market. # ⚓ AMD_Posts_Latest_Linux_Patches_For_Supporting_The_Frontier Supercomputer_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ AMD engineers continue working on preparing the Linux kernel for the Frontier supercomputer. Much of the Frontier bring-up for the Linux kernel over the past number of months has been around supporting the coherent interconnect between AMD EPYC CPUs and the Instinct “Aldebaran” GPUs/ accelerators with allowing CPUs coherent access to the GPU memory. The latest patch series out today for the Linux kernel is again focused on this GPU device memory handling. # ⚓ AMD_Continues_Frontier_Exascale_Supercomputer_Enablement⠀⇛ AMD is building the world’s fastest supercomputer, Frontier, which will deliver exascale-class performance for the US Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The supercomputer brings a lot of new technologies to the table, and AMD is laying the groundwork for the software stack that will enable the Frontier to run smoothly. As reported by Phoronix, that work continues in the form of newly- submitted Linux kernel patches. The Frontier supercomputer is a $600 million project that aims to provide more than 1.5 ExaFLOPs of computational power that will be used by ORNL for work on various government projects. Using next-generation EPYC processors and Radeon Instinct graphics cards from AMD, this system will bring a combination of novel memory, storage, and processing elements into one system. # ⚓ Linux_5.14_Features_Aplenty_With_New_AMD_GPUs,_SmartShift, More_Alder_Lake,_Core_Scheduling_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Today marks the 30th birthday of Linux since it was announced by Linus Torvalds. Meanwhile in just a few days the Linux 5.14 kernel is expected to be released as stable. Here is a look back at the most prominent features coming for this kernel release. In our close monitoring and testing of Linux 5.14 over the past number of weeks, here is what has us most excited with this forthcoming kernel: - Continued bring-up around Intel Alder Lake support. Some more pieces / device IDs are still landing for Linux 5.15 but it appears Linux 5.14 should have Alder Lake in fairly good shape… One of the big additions for 5.14 was having Alder Lake P graphics support enabled. The elephant remains though around Thread Director with there not yet being any Linux scheduler patches — queued or otherwise staging — around Thread Director on Linux. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_Ryzen_7_5700G_Linux_Performance⠀⇛ Earlier this month the AMD Ryzen 5 5600G and Ryzen 7 5700G desktop APUs officially launched for retail availability. Unfortunately we were not seeded with any review sample for being able to conduct Linux testing on these Zen 3 APUs with Vega graphics, but ended up purchasing one afterwards due to the number of readers inquiring about the Linux support. Here are some preliminary benchmarks of the AMD Ryzen 7 5700G. By now those potentially interested in the Ryzen 7 5700G are likely familiar with all of the technical details, but as a recap the 5760G offers eight Zen 3 cores plus SMT for sixteen threads. The Ryzen 7 5700G has a 3.8GHz base clock with 4.6GHz maximum boost clock. There is a 4MB L2 cache, 16MB L3 cache, and this APU has a 65 Watt TDP. On the graphics side is Radeon Vega 7 graphics with eight graphics cores. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 8_Best_Password_Managers_for_Linux_in_2021⠀⇛ Keeping tabs on your passwords can be a daunting task. Often you are prone to forgetting them with time especially after prolonged periods of inactivity. Most users result in writing them down somewhere on a sticky note or notebook, which is considered a risky practice. Unintended or malicious users can get hold of them and your guess is as good as mine what can happen next. Password managers help users to improve their online security by not only securing their passwords but also assisting them to generate strong and randomized passwords and encrypting them in a digital vault. There are numerous password managers and they vary in features and the computing platform that they are supported. In this guide, we highlight some of the most popular and 8 best password managers for Linux in 2021. We have incorporated both free as well premium plan password managers. # ⚓ 12_Open_Source_Self-hosted_Social_Media_Network Alternatives⠀⇛ Have you ever thought about building your own small social network for you, your family, relatives, community, or team? Let’s say, something like Facebook but on a small scale for private use! Well, all you need is a self-hosted social network software and a server, and this article is to choose from the best open-source self-hosted social medial solutions. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Fu:_Walk,_Chew_Gum_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ If you ever think about it, computers are exceedingly stupid. Even the most powerful CPU can’t do very much. However, it can do what it does very rapidly and repeatably. Computers are so fast, they can appear to do a lot of things at once, too and modern computers have multiple CPUs to further enhance their multitasking abilities. However, we often don’t write programs or shell scripts to take advantage of this. However, there’s no reason for this, as you’ll see. # ⚓ Writing_Absinthe_authorization_middleware⠀⇛ Plug is not the only interface with the middleware layer. Absinthe also comes with a middleware layer of its own and we can use it similarly to implement authorization for queries, mutations, and subscriptions. If we want to authorize our GraphQL API and don’t want to do that within business logic (for various reasons), we can write a middleware that will handle it. I wrote about using Plug for authorization, but using a plain Plug wouldn’t work in this case. Since GraphQL is essentially a graph, we need to cover authorization for all nested queries. Absinthe middleware can do that for us, and might also be used for specific query fields, which is quite handy. # ⚓ Edit_sshd_config_using_a_Bash_script_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Using a Bash script, you can ensure certain configuration parameters are set in your sshd_config file. Bash is the default shell on most Linux systems these days. It can be used as an interactive command-line interpreter as well as a scripting language to automate common tasks. This article shows you how to use a Bash script to ensure specific configuration parameters are set in your / etc/ssh/sshd_config file. # ⚓ Add_A_News_Ticker_To_Your_Desktop_With_TICKR_(Scrolling News_Feed_Widget)_–_Linux_Uprising_Blog⠀⇛ TICKR is a news ticker desktop widget – a feed reader that displays news headlines as a small scrolling text line (ticker) on your desktop, available for Linux and Microsoft Windows. Add your favorite website RSS feeds to TICKR, and the tool will show the latest headlines scrolling in a thin, semi-transparent window similar to those available on news TV channels. Hovering the mouse over the ticker pauses the scrolling, while pointing the mouse to a headline shows an excerpt of the article in a tooltip. Left-click the headline in TICKR to open it in your web browser. This scrolling news desktop widget comes with the ability to import and export feeds (OPML), as well as a GUI to manage your RSS feeds, which includes some popular RSS feeds, and allows you to add, remove, re-arrange, enable or disable feeds. # ⚓ 20_Commands_for_Newbies_Who_Switched_from_Windows_to Linux⠀⇛ So you are planning to switch from Windows to Linux, or have just switched to Linux? Oops!!! what I am asking! For what else reason would you have been here. # ⚓ Deploying_Isso_Commenting_System_Under_Nginx_With_Docker⠀⇛ Follow this Docker Compose approach to make an easy deployment of Isso on a server based on the official Dockerfile from the devs. # ⚓ How_to_Enable_&_Disable_AppArmor_on_Ubuntu_20.04_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Ubuntu operating systems come with AppArmor, a Linux kernel security module that allows the system administrator to restrict programs’ capabilities with per-program profiles. Profiles can allow network access, raw socket access, and permission to read, write, or execute files on matching paths. Rhel family users would notice this is similar to Selinux; however, they work a bit differently and have pros and cons each. The following will cover how to enable and disable AppArmor and individual profiles; normally, most users would not need to adjust any settings with AppArmor, but if the need arises, some simple commands are all needed in the tutorial will explain. # ⚓ How_To_Upgrade_Debian_10_to_Debian_11_“Bullseye”_– TecAdmin⠀⇛ Debian is known for its stability and reliability and preferred choice to set up a server for businesses and organizations. Debian recently got the latest release called Bullseye. Bullseye comes with many enhancements and upgrades. It offers a list of desktop environment support such as Gnome 3.38, KDE Plasma 5.20, LXDE 11, LXQt 0.16, and MATE 1.24. Moreover, this release has now 11,000 new packages and driverless printing and scanning support. This update also removes many obsolete packages. The manual page has also got significant improvements. Seeing these enhancements and features will push every Debian user to upgrade except for the production servers. The production servers should wait for few months before upgrading to Debian 11 “Bullseye”. If you are using Debian 10 Buster and in search of a procedure to upgrade to Debian 11 then you are on the right spot. This write-up will give you a thorough guide on how to upgrade from Debian 10 to Debian 11 Bullseye. # ⚓ How_To_Install_HAProxy_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install HAProxy on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, HAProxy is one of the most popular open- source load balancing software, which also offers high availability and proxy functionality. It is particularly suited for very high-traffic websites and powers quite a number of the world’s most visited ones. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the HAProxy high-performance TCP/ HTTP load balancer on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for Rocky Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Graylog_Server_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ All systems, applications, and software generate information that is stored in files called logs. These logs must be constantly monitored to ensure the proper functioning of the system in question and prevent errors or security risks. They are often scattered over several servers and, as the volume of data increases, their management becomes more and more complex. Graylog is a free and open-source enterprise-grade log management system that comprises Elasticsearch, MongoDB, and a Graylog server. It consists of the main server, which receives data from its clients installed on different servers, as well as a web interface, which is used to view the data collected by the server. Graylog is a similar tool like Splunk and LogStash. In this tutorial, we learn how to install Graylog 4 on Ubuntu 20.04. We will also secure the Graylog server with an SSL certificate using Let’s Encrypt. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Gulp.js_on_CentOS_8⠀⇛ Gulp is a free, open-source, and cross-platform JavaScript toolkit that allows you to automate many development tasks. It is a task runner built on Node.js and npm and used for automating many time- consuming tasks such as minification, concatenation, cache busting, unit testing, linting, optimization, etc. Gulp plugins are simple and designed to do a single job. In this post, we will show you how to install Gulp on CentOS 8. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Terminator_Terminal_in_Linux⠀⇛ Basically, a Linux terminal environment enables a user to carry out various system functionalities like file management, system update, and applications management through a variety of executable commands. What if you are able to achieve all these Linux terminal environment objectives but in a flexible manner? # ⚓ How_to_Install_the_Brackets_Code_Editor_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Brackets code editor is an open-source program. It is a code editor that assists web developers and designers in developing the front-end interface and also backend code of their websites. It is quite light in weight. It is compatible with a wide range of operating systems, including macOS, Windows, and Linux. We’ve covered some of the most important features of this code editor program. This program allows the user to work on many files at the same time. It supports the installation of many extensions. Almost all file types are supported by the brackets code editor. This tool is the ideal solution if you want to modify big amounts of code. # ⚓ How_to_choose_a_Backup_Tool_for_Linux_–_VITUX⠀⇛ A computer system without proper backup is as vulnerable as a piece of software without updates. The problem comes when we want to restore our system to a particular time point and can’t find the right tool to do so. In this guide, I will show you two tools that you can use to back up a Linux system. This tutorial doesn’t need a particular distribution running on your machine. You can have whatever you need. You must know how to choose a backup tool for Linux which is efficient and faster to get things done. # ⚓ Useful_Linux_Terminal_Shortcuts_That_Every_Power_Linux_User Must_Know⠀⇛ Using the terminal is something inevitable for every Linux user. It is quite like a chatbox that allows you to talk to your machine. Using the terminal efficiently can reduce your workload a lot. To use the terminal with ease, every user must know a lot of the Linux terminal shortcuts. Utilizing the Linux terminal shortcuts is the key difference between a power Linux user and a regular user. Just master the command line shortcuts; you will have such a comfortable feel with the terminal that you have never felt before. Stick to this post till the end to get a crystal clear concept about Linux terminal shortcuts. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Epic_space_RPG_‘Star_Traders:_Frontiers’_gets_Steam Workshop_and_mod_support_now_live_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Star Traders: Frontiers from Trese Brothers Games, probably one of the best space strategy RPGs around had a huge upgrade and now there’s some proper mod support in. The mods work with the Steam Workshop, making it simple and you’re just a few clicks away from adding in some extra content to an already ridiculously in-depth game. [...] Since the mod support is rather new, there’s not a whole lot up there right now but they have a passionate and very active community of players so no doubt there will be plenty flowing in eventually. The mods that have released that the developer worked with during a Beta are impressive though. One named Merchant Marine: Fly Casual entirely rebalances the game taking inspiration by Space Opera and Western tales giving you small ships with small crews up against the universe – making it all a bit more intimate. # ⚓ Beautiful_looking_RPG_‘Book_of_Travels’_is_delayed_again_| GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ What looks to be the fourth time, Might and Delight have decided to push the release date for Book of Travels. It was originally due out in October 2020, then Q2 2021, then August 9 and then August 30 and now they’ve put up another announcement because it just isn’t ready. At least this time around, they’re not giving a date to avoid further disappointment. Writing about the delay, they mentioned how their Beta testers reports indicated their team just need more time to make it stable. # ⚓ Prepare_for_more_GZDoom_goodness_with_the_upcoming_Stellar Valkyrie_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Prepare for more retro-styled action with Stellar Valkyrie, another new GZDoom-powered first-person shooter coming to Linux. Developed by In The Keep Games it’s one we missed from Realms Deep 2021. In Stellar Valkyrie you’ll be blasting through 8 different worlds each with their own theme, as you attempt to find your ex-girlfriend, Kat. As a bounty hunter, you’ll also be dealing with contracts to earn Cryptobucks, which you can then use to purchase upgrades for weapons and equipment and going back to previous worlds with new equipment might even allow you to discover more apparently. # ⚓ Psychonauts_2_releases_to_great_reviews_but_the_Linux support_is_delayed_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Psychonauts 2 from Double Fine Productions and Xbox Game Studios is out now for Windows but the native Linux support has been delayed with no current ETA. Originally crowdfunded on the Fig website, where Double Fine pulled in close to four million dollars from Fig directly and backers, Linux has been a confirmed platform since day-1. Sadly though, shortly after our last article in an update on Fig they mentioned that Linux (and macOS) would arrive after release which was confirmed again in their Steam FAQ post. # ⚓ REVO_is_a_neon-soaked_twin-stick_bullet-hell_dream_out_now |_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ With a great soundtrack and action that won’t let your attention leave it, REVO is a fresh twin-stick bullet-hell that will make you sweat and it’s great. The first release from Cosmic Misfit Studio it’s inspired by the likes of Galaga, TRON, and The Last Starfighter so if you love retro themes and shoot ‘em ups you’re gonna love this. From start to finish (if you ever finish such a game), REVO is absolutely dripping in style and the action is so intense your screen will be yelling at you in neon lights. It’s quite a sight once it gets going, and you have a few different weapons unlocked to unleash on various types of enemies. Some come in fast swarms to keep your attention, while others are slow with powerful weapons you’re really going to need to be quick on the stick to dodge. REVO doesn’t even start off slowly, with it launching wave after wave following a brief intro. # ⚓ Wasteland_3_:_Cult_of_the_Holy_Detonation_launches_October 5_as_the_final_narrative_DLC_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Wasteland 3 : Cult of the Holy Detonation is the next expansion for the big RPG to come from inXile Entertainment. It was announced yesterday for the start of Gamescom 2021, and it’s going to be the final narrative expansion. Since they’re now owned by Xbox Game Studios, they’re probably moving onto something with a higher budget. “Deep within the Cheyenne Mountain military complex, mutant cults worship an ancient deity they call the Holy Detonation—a nuclear explosion held in stasis. Whether god, science experiment, or accidental miracle, the Detonation’s energy could power Colorado Springs for hundreds of years, or level it in an instant. The warring cults have differing opinions on who should be allowed to honor their god, and you’re going to have to muscle your way to the altar. # ⚓ Gaming_Time?_Top_3_VR_Games_Available_on_Linux⠀⇛ It’s possible to deep dive into the virtual reality gaming world on your Linux system. Want to explore VR games on Linux? This article takes you through the top 3 VR games available on Linux. Ready to get amazed? Let’s start. VR games are the new-gen computer games enabled with virtual reality, in short, VR technology. It gives players a first-person perspective of all the gaming actions. As a participant, you can enjoy the gaming environment through your VR gaming devices, such as hand controllers, VR headsets, sensor- equipped gloves, and others. VR games are played on gaming consoles, standalone systems, powerful laptops, and PCs compatible with VR headsets including HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, HP Reverb G2, Valve Index, and others. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Latte_Dock_v0.10.1_|_Bug_Fix_Release⠀⇛ Let’s welcome Latte Dock v0.10.1 the 1st Official Bug Fix Release of v0.10.x branch! In some systems Plasma Restore session mechanism is trying to restore Latte when you login to your desktop environment. Unfortunately this is not the intended way to autostart Latte. Please follow these steps in order to configure your system properly… # ⚓ Closing_doors:_MBition_–_toscalix⠀⇛ I started my involvement focusing my activity in Open Source topics and, when senior talent was hired in this field, I incrementally focused on the infotainment platform, as part of the CEO Office. In the meantime I went from being hired by MBition directly (Berlin part-time) to work fully remotely from Spain (Daimler Group Services Madrid), becoming the front-line of a set up that is being consolidated nowadays, not just in Spain, but in other countries too, providing the company a path to become a global remote-friendly organization. I am specially proud of the relation built by MBition with KDE, as example of the mutual benefit that Open Source communities and companies can enjoy when the company, in this case MBition, do the homework and take the right steps to build a sustainable relation. It sets a great example for MBition on how to build similar kind of relations with other communities and, at the same time, it brings a very interesting player to the KDE ecosystem, willing to use the technologies developed in the open into their vehicles. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Call_for_Logo_of_GNOME.Asia_Summit_202⠀⇛ o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Elementary_OS_6_Odin_Review_–_Late_Arrival_but_a Solid_One⠀⇛ We review the elementary OS 6 Odin and give you some glimpse on how it went for our test drive. # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_browser_updated_to_91.0.2_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser descended from the Mozilla Application Suite and managed by Mozilla Corporation. # ⚓ webmin_updated_to_1.980_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ A web-based administration interface for Unix systems. Using Webmin you can configure DNS, Samba, NFS, local/remote filesystems, Apache, Sendmail/Postfix, and more using your web browser. # ⚓ exodus_crypto_wallet_updated_to_21.8.19_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Exodus Desktop gives you a way to Secure, Manage, and Exchange your cryptocurrency in one beautiful application. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes/IBM/Red_Hat:_Enable_seccomp_for_all workloads_with_a_new_v1.22_alpha_feature⠀⇛ This blog post is about a new Kubernetes feature introduced in v1.22, which adds an additional security layer on top of the existing seccomp support. Seccomp is a security mechanism for Linux processes to filter system calls (syscalls) based on a set of defined rules. Applying seccomp profiles to containerized workloads is one of the key tasks when it comes to enhancing the security of the application deployment. Developers, site reliability engineers and infrastructure administrators have to work hand in hand to create, distribute and maintain the profiles over the applications life-cycle. You can use the securityContext field of Pods and their containers can be used to adjust security related configurations of the workload. Kubernetes introduced dedicated seccomp related API fields in this SecurityContext with the graduation of seccomp to General Availability (GA) in v1.19.0. # ⚓ 10_steps_to_more_open,_focused,_and_energizing meetings⠀⇛ The negative impact of poorly run meetings is huge. So leaders face a challenge: how do we turn poorly run meetings—which have a negative impact on team creativity, success, and even cause stress and anxiety—to meetings with positive outcomes? But to make the situation even tougher, we now find most meetings are being held remotely, online, where attendees’ cameras are off and you’re likely staring at a green dot at the top of your screen. That makes holding genuinely productive and useful meetings an even greater challenge. # ⚓ Securing_malloc_in_glibc:_Why_malloc_hooks_had_to_go |_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Memory access is one of the most basic operations in computer programs. It is also an unending source of program errors in C programs, because memory safety was never really a programming language goal in C. Memory-related issues also comprise a significant part of the top 25 security weaknesses that result in program vulnerabilities. Memory access also plays an important role in performance, which makes memory management a prime target for performance tuning. It is natural, then, that dynamic memory management in the C runtime should have capabilities that allow fine-grained tracking and customizable actions on allocation events. These features allow users to diagnose memory issues in their programs and if necessary, override the C runtime allocator with their own to improve performance or memory utilization. This article describes the clash between the quest for flexibility and introspection, on the one hand, and performance and security protections on the other. You’ll learn why this clash ultimately led to a major change in how memory allocation (malloc) is implemented in the GNU C Library, or glibc. We’ll also discuss how to adapt applications that depended on the old way of doing things, as well as the implications for future versions of Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). # ⚓ Instana_–_One_Enterprise_Observability_Platform:_All of_the_Data_–_IBM_Developer⠀⇛ IBM Observability by Instana APM provides a comprehensive observability platform for an entire enterprise, able to track requests spanning from mobile to mainframe, and supporting environments from bare metal machines to hybrid multi-cloud deployments. Instana automatically discovers, maps and monitors infrastructure, platforms, services and applications in real time, and captures 100% of requests and transactions occurring across the environments. To achieve this, Instana provides specific monitoring support for a broad and growing list of technologies, including a large set of programming languages and frameworks, web servers and proxies, messaging systems, and data stores. The following figure shows the technologies and capabilities, platforms, and systems that Instana supports. # ⚓ Fedora_Magazine:_Auto-updating_podman_containers_with systemd⠀⇛ Auto-Updating containers can be very useful in some cases. Podman provides mechanisms to take care of container updates automatically. This article demonstrates how to use Podman Auto-Updates for your setups. # ⚓ How_do_you_lead_hybrid_teams?_5_essentials_|_The Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ A growing body of surveys and other research suggests that hybrid workplaces aren’t a short-term fad. Employee interest in a hybrid work model is particularly high: The overwhelming majority (83 percent) of more than 9,300 workers surveyed by Accenture said they’d prefer a hybrid model going forward, for example. More business and technology leaders are evangelizing this approach – considering, implementing, or already managing hybrid teams. “This is the future of work,” says Vivek Ranjan, chief human resources officer of Zensar. The firm had already embarked on a “work from anywhere” (WFA) transformation prior to the pandemic. It first rolled out in India, where the company has hired 500 remote employees, with plans to expand its hybrid WFA approach to its offices around the globe. “Hybrid workplaces are here to stay,” Ranjan says. (Hybrid models entail some defined mix of both in-person and remote work. For more detail and examples, read our related article: What is a hybrid work model?) Surveys also suggest there may be a difference of perspective between the C-suite and the rest of the organization in terms of building culture, equity, and other important issues in hybrid workplaces. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Chris_Lamb_&_Debian_Outreachy_interns,_favoritism perceptions⠀⇛ The Outreachy candidate is seated next to Chris Lamb at the DebConf19 dinner in Brazil. Despite the large expense of a long-haul flight from Europe to Brazil, the woman is not listed as a speaker. Notice the big gap between the two women: the Outreachy appears to be sitting closer to Lamb and has to lean away from him to speak to the other woman. # ⚓ Raphaël_Hertzog:_Freexian’s_report_about_Debian_Long Term_Support,_July_2021⠀⇛ In July, we put aside 2400 EUR to fund Debian projects. We haven’t received proposals of projects to fund in the last months, so we have scheduled a discussion during Debconf to try to to figure out why that is and how we can fix that. Join us on August 26th at 16:00 UTC on this link. We are pleased to announce that Jeremiah Foster will help out to make this initiative a success : he can help Debian members to come up with solid proposals, he can look for people willing to do the work once the project has been formalized and approved, and he will make sure that the project implementation keeps on track when the actual work has begun. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Librem_5_Getting_Faster_With_Age_–_Purism⠀⇛ The Librem 5 phone is one of those rare computers that is getting faster and better with age. Find out how we are investing our time and resources to make the whole of mobile computing better. This video compares PureOS 10 Byzantium to an outdated Librem 5 running PureOS 9 from June 2020: # ⚓ Emulate_the_legendary_Altair_8800_on_your_Arduino Mega_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ The Altair 8800 is one of the most important machines in computer history and many consider it to be the first personal computer. But not many computer users today would recognize it as such. At release, it couldn’t even output video and users could only interact with the Altair 8800 through a terminal or the front panel. Now you can relive history by emulating an Altair 8800, complete with front panel, on your Arduino Mega. The front panel on the Altair 8800 contained several status lights and toggle switches. Those are cryptic when compared to our modern graphical interfaces, but the Altair 8800’s front panel was integral for working with the machine. Users would load programs and even key in bootloaders using the front panel. The panel would also give you useful debugging information, such as if data was moving from one memory address to another. Interacting with that front panel is a necessity if you want to get the full Altair 8800 experience. # ⚓ Working_Eye_of_Agamotto_from_Doctor_Strange_ (excluding_time_travel)⠀⇛ We’ve not released a time travel shield for Arduino yet. But when we do, this Eye of Agamotto project will be a perfect fit. So even though it may not bend time yet, it does everything else we’ve seen in Doctor Strange. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Android_Watch:_Samsung_Galaxy_Watch_4_Vs_Galaxy Watch_4_Classic⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_tablets_for_students_in_India_|_Business Insider_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_bans_8_dangerous_Android_apps:_Check_if_you have_any_of_them⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_apps_with_Android_12_animated_splash_screens_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Beta:_How_to_sign_up_on_Google_Pixel_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Scan_Documents_on_Android_Using_2_Easy Methods⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Get_the_Best_Gaming_Experience_From_Your Android_Device_–_GameSpace.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Porsche_Taycan_2021_ups_range,_deep_integrates Android_Auto⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Play_Voice-Activated_Games_in_Your_Car_With Android_Auto⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_block_a_number_on_Android_|_Laptop_Mag⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_at_30_anniversary:_How_Android_came_to_be, well,_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Release_Date_–_Check_Open_Beta_Download, How_to_Install_Android_12,_Devices_Compatible⠀⇛ # ⚓ POCO_M2_Pro_finally_gets_Android_11_update_in_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ ioXt_Alliance_Certifies_Six_Additional_Motorola Android_Devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Orange_Slovensko_launches_new_Android_TV_STB_with CommScope_–_Digital_TV_Europe⠀⇛ # ⚓ Strategy_Analytics:_Google’s_Android_Enterprise Critical_to_Success_in_B2B_Smartphone_Market_|_Business Wire⠀⇛ # ⚓ Galaxy_Watch_4_review:_Still_the_best_Android smartwatches_around_|_Engadget⠀⇛ # ⚓ CoD:_Mobile_season_7_update:_APK_and_OBB_download links_for_Android_|_Dot_Esports⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fitbit’s_Charge_5_reveal_hints_at_the_future_of Android_Wear_–_Good_Gear_Guide_Australia⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ allotropia_and_Collabora_announce_partnership⠀⇛ allotropia provides innovative open source solutions for the digital collaboration age. Our customers value sovereignty over their data, and love the way Open Source software enables them to innovate with agency. Adding Collabora Online to our portfolio is the ideal addition, with highly compatible migration paths into hybrid and fully web- based product development. Collabora Online is the powerful LibreOffice- based online office that supports all major documents, spreadsheets and presentation file formats, which can all be easily integrated in many infrastructures and solutions. Key features are collaborative editing and excellent office file formatting support. Collabora Online is excellent for enterprises that need a powerful office suite in the Cloud, or on-premises, that protects their privacy and allows them to keep full control of their sensitive corporate data. Collabora Online enables Hosting and Cloud businesses to include document viewing and collaborative editing functionality into their service offerings. # ⚓ Skia_on_Mac⠀⇛ So, current LibreOffice git version now has support for drawing based on Skia also for the Mac. Both Raster and Metal (the Mac GPU framework). Below is the obligatory screenshot, and here is the hey-it-can-be- faster video. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ The_ultimate_open-source_time_tracking_management solution_for_freelancers:_Kimai⠀⇛ Freelancers are often required to track their progress, time, invoices, and tasks in organized fashion to boost their productivity. It is not that easy to find one solution to do everything within one place. But, we are lucky with Kimai. Kimai is the ultimate freelancing management solution, as it offers more than project and time management. It includes invoices management, customer support, activities, expanses management and more. It also contains, multi-user support, team management and improved sharing and collaboration features and options which help freelancers build teams and track project progress. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Object::Pad_Yuki_Kimoto’s_2021-08-25_–_Default internal_data_structure_of_the_object⠀⇛ This time is default internal data structure of the object. Default internal data structure of the Object::Pad is hash reference. It feels good for me. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Delta_Air_Lines_to_add_$200_monthly_health_insurance_charge for_unvaccinated_staff_|_Reuters⠀⇛ Delta Air Lines on Wednesday said employees will have to pay $200 more every month for their company-sponsored healthcare plan if they choose to not vaccinate against COVID-19. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ BIOS_configuration_tool_adds_new_features_and_support for_Linux⠀⇛ Advantech has added many key features to BIOS Wizard, the rapid custom BIOS configuration tool exclusively produced for its embedded hardware platforms. Now supporting Linux and Microsoft Windows, the latest version, BIOS Wizard 2.0, offers extra features that provide users even more control over their systems’ startup behaviour. These new features incorporate the capability to configure the boot order according to particular use cases, as well as the possibility to customise the sign-on message, enabling easy identification and tracking of customised BIOS versions. The tool has greatly improved parsing compatibility for multiple UEFI based images, supporting many extra company products, including older generations. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Different_Types_of_Hacking_and_Different_Types of_Hackers_guide_2021⠀⇛ Hacking and hackers are well-known terminologies in the world nowadays. When people hear these words, they adopt a false imagination related to crime. # ⚓ Why_Ethical_Hacking_Virtual_Lab_is_important_a guide_for_Beginner_2021⠀⇛ As you know ethical hacking is a very sensitive area. When you join the ethical hacking class then You will have learned some advanced skills related to cybersecurity and finding the vulnerability, which is really good and appreciable but you can not practice these skills in the real world. Because doing any type of activity, for example scanning, finding vulnerability, compromise system are illegal. illegal activities will send you jail definitely. If You use your skills to hack a system without the owner’s permission, you could send you jail. So hacking is a very sensitive field. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackers_targeting_outdated_versions_of Linux_in_the_cloud [Ed: So the issue is not Linux]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_Linux_Malware?_Not_Ransomware,_but Coinminers [Ed: Now the Microsoft sites are pushing this anti-Linux FUD; helps distract from current Microsoft blunders]⠀⇛ “Given that the cloud holds a seemingly endless amount of computing power, hackers have a clear motive in stealing computing resources to run their cryptocurrency mining activities.” ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2880 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_26/8/2021:_KISS_Linux,_OpenShot_2.6_is_Out⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:13 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Pardus_21.0⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Pardus 21.0, the XFCE edition. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.10, based on Debian 11, XFCE 4.16, and uses about 1GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ Pardus_21.0_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at Pardus 21.0, the XFCE edition. Enjoy! # ⚓ The_Day_11_Lines_Of_JavaScript_Broke_The_Web_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Software libraries are incredibly useful but with the advent of javascripts package manager NPM micro libraries are becoming more and more prevalent and sometimes those libraries disappear this is the tale of one of those times and some other problems that arise from this practice # ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_644:_OASIS_Open⠀⇛ Guy Martin has worked for everybody and done everything… or at least it seems that way. He also has 100% interesting, deep and knowing thoughts about important issues that have come up in his long career, especially in his current work in the standards world, running Oasis. All of that and more—IoT, standards +/vs open source, substitutability, multiple ecosystems—are on stage for a fact and thought-filled hour of conversation with Doc Searls and Guy’s old friend and colleague Simon Phipps. # ⚓ Is_GNOME_user_friendly?_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Download Safing’s Portmaster for FREE and take control of your network traffic: https://safing.io/ portmaster Get your Linux desktop or laptop here: https://slimbook.es/en/ Today, we’re going to start a new series, exploring each desktop environment, and seeing if we could call them “user friendly”, or not. We’ll begin with GNOME, one of the most interesting to study, because it doesn’t do things as other, more well known desktop experiences. # ⚓ Linux_overview_|_Manjaro_21.1.0_Xfce_Edition_overview_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of Manjaro 21.1.0 Xfce Edition and some of the applications pre-installed. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_turns_30:_The_biggest_events_in_its_history_so_far_| ZDNet⠀⇛ A year by year summary of the most significant events in Linux’s history to date. # ⚓ Linux_turns_30:_​Linus_Torvalds_on_his_“just_a_hobby” operating_system⠀⇛ In 1991, Unix was an important but secondary x86 operating system. That year, on August 25, a mild- mannered Finnish graduate student named Linus Benedict Torvalds announced on the Usenet group comp.os.minix that he was working on “a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.” No one knew it, not even Torvalds, but the technology was going to change forever. [...] By the end of 1991, it was gaining more attention than the still-born GNU Hurd or Minix [Andrew Tannenbaum's ground-breaking free software educational Unix operating system]. Torvalds explained… # ⚓ 30_years_of_Linux:_OS_was_successful_because_of_how_it_was licensed,_says_Red_Hat⠀⇛ On the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Linux by Linus Torvalds, Red Hat has said that it worked because of the way the OS was licensed. In a post today celebrating the anniversary, Red Hat said: “The reason that Linux has been arguably the most successful operating system of all time is due to the fact that its license allowed copying, improvement, distribution and required sharing of changes. (Note that the license does not require collaboration, but the reciprocal nature of Linux strongly encourages it.)” [...] Red Hat is perhaps the most commercial of Linux distros and it appears that it started as it meant to go on. The first public release was issued by Marc Ewing in November 1994 with the top feature listed as “Retail price $49.95 – introductory special: $39.95.” Red Hat confessed that this “was actually a paid beta and not a 1.0.” The company now argues that the ability to charge for Linux was important to its success. “By removing restrictions to commercial use and so forth, Torvalds opened the door to companies improving and distributing Linux,” said today’s post. Has Linux become too commercial and corporate? Mike McGrath, Red Hat VP of Linux Engineering, told us: “The big thing has been the competition for that community talent. If you are a developer that wants to get involved in open source, there has never been more opportunity… the corporate side of it, I don’t view that as a negative. It’s a positive consequence of the success of Linux in businesses.” # ⚓ Happy_birthday,_Linux:_From_a_bedroom_project_to_billions of_devices_in_30_years⠀⇛ On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, then a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, sent a message to the comp.os.minix newsgroup soliciting feature suggestions for a free Unix-like operating system he was developing as a hobby. Thirty years later, that software, now known as Linux, is everywhere. It dominates the supercomputer world, with 100 per cent market share. According to Google, the Linux kernel is at the heart of more than three billion active devices running Android, the most-used operating system in the world. Linux also powers the vast majority of web-facing servers Netcraft surveyed. It is even used more than Microsoft Windows on Microsoft’s own Azure cloud. And then there are the embedded electronics and Internet-of-Things spaces, and other areas. Linux has failed to gain traction among mainstream desktop users, where it has a market share of about 2.38 per cent, or 3.59 per cent if you include ChromeOS, compared to Windows (73.04 per cent) and macOS (15.43 per cent). # ⚓ Happy_Birthday,_Linux:_From_a_Bedroom_Project_To_Billions of_Devices_in_30_Years⠀⇛ On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, then a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, sent a message to the comp.os.minix newsgroup soliciting feature suggestions for a free Unix-like operating system he was developing as a hobby. Thirty years later, that software, now known as Linux, is everywhere. # ⚓ Happy_30th_Birthday_to_Linux!_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ It was 30 years ago that Linus Torvalds announced the operating system, just a hobby! # ⚓ Happy_30th_Anniversary,_Linux!_We_Love_You_So_Much!⠀⇛ Our lovely operating system Linux is turning 30 today so we will like to wish a very happy birthday to the Linux. It all started on August 25th, 1991. A single student, studying computer science at the University of Helsinki, made his now-legendary announcement (you can read the entire mailing thread here) on the comp.os.minix newsgroup: # ⚓ Happy_birthday_–_30_Years_of_Linux_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ By adopting the GPL license, a free software license that essentially commits participating developers to grant their contributions to the Linux project into the public domain, the Linux operating system was able to successfully build up a complete, if at times discoherent platform that offers, for many users, power and flexibility with comparable or better features than proprietary solutions. Indeed, many other operating systems owe a great deal of their inspiration if not their codebase to the GNU/Linux project. Relying on a vast army of volunteer contributors from across the world, from the ranks of commerce, research, academia and government, Linux has grown to sit at the top table of computing over the past thirty years. It has arguably become an iconic emblem for human achievement. By gifting a mature, comprehensive, freely available and freely adaptable software base to the world, Linus and his project has granted us all a powerful and resilient resource for the future, regardless of what the future may bring. # ⚓ Take_advantage_of_eBPF’s_monitoring_capabilities_on_Linux⠀⇛ To Linux system admins and developers, the extended Berkeley packet filter, or eBPF, can feel almost like magic. With eBPF, IT pros can do something that, until recently, seemed unimaginable: deploy kernel-mode programs in Linux without writing complex code, compiling special kernel modules or bloating the system’s resource consumption. For monitoring — and observability in particular — eBPF’s simple deployment and low resource consumption are powerful features. Teams can collect monitoring data from deep within the Linux kernel in a highly efficient, user-friendly way. Learn what eBPF is, how it works and why it’s especially valuable for monitoring and observability. # ⚓ Xen_Summit_Highlights:_Xen_FuSa_SIG_updates_–_Xen_Project⠀⇛ The panelists covered what work is being done by Functional Safety Special Interest Group to bring Xen on Arm mainline to regulated domains such as Automotive: creating maintainable Xen documentation, applying some defensive programming techniques, implementing safety-related features. In the talk, they elaborated on activities that will be useful for non-safety cases as well so that the whole Xen community may benefit from FuSa SIG work. Additionally, they explained how safety-only processes and tools may be introduced without significant impact on existing community processes. # ⚓ Reminder:_The_Kernel_Report_on_August_26⠀⇛ One last reminder that LWN editor Jonathan Corbet will be presenting a version of The Kernel Report at 9:00 US/Mountain (15:00 UTC) on August 26. This live presentation is part of a test of the infrastructure for the 2021 Linux Plumbers Conference, but anybody is welcome to attend regardless of whether they are registered for LPC or not. The meeting “room” will open one hour ahead of the talk at meet.lpc.events; we hope to see you there. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_Technical_Advisory_Board_election: nominees_sought⠀⇛ The call for nominees for the 2021 Linux Foundation Technical Advisory Board election has gone out. # ⚓ Optimized_C3_Entry_Handling_For_AMD_CPUs_Queued_For_Linux 5.15_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The work I initially wrote about last week for AMD optimizing their C3 entry handling to avoid an unnecessary cache flush will now be picked up for the upcoming Linux 5.15 kernel cycle. As explained in the prior article, this optimization around entry to the ACPI C3 sleep state is already applied for Intel, Zhaoxin, and Centaur processors on Linux. Unfortunately, it’s just AMD CPUs are late to the party with the kernel code not having marked them as safe for this optimization until an AMD engineer submitted a patch last week. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenShot_2.6.0_Released_|_AI_+_Computer_Vision_+_Audio Effects!⠀⇛ I am proud to announce the release of OpenShot 2.6.0, which I hope is the finest version of OpenShot ever made! We have so many improvements, it’s hard to pick a favorite! # ⚓ OpenShot_Video_Editor_2.6.0_Released_With_New_Computer Vision_/_AI_Effects,_Audio_Effects,_More⠀⇛ OpenShot, the free and open source Qt video editor for Linux, FreeBSD, Windows, and MacOS, had a new major release which adds new computer vision / AI effects, audio effects and much more. Also, with this release, Chrome OS (Crostini) is officially supported and available on the OpenShot downloads page. OpenShot is an easy to use yet powerful video editor for Windows, macOS and Linux. It features curve-based key frame animations, unlimited tracks / layers, clip resizing, scaling, trimming, snapping, rotation and cutting. Using it you can also add video transitions with real-time previews, compositing, image overlays, watermarks, animated 3D titles and effects, and much more. # ⚓ OpenShot_2.6_Video_Editor_Released_With_Computer_Vision_+ AI_Effects_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ OpenShot 2.6 has been released as the newest version of this non-linear open-source video editing system for Linux. OpenShot 2.6 adds new computer vision and AI effects, new audio effects, UI improvements, a new transform tool, improved snapping, FFmpeg 4.x support, updated Blender support, better performance and stability, and much more. # ⚓ 8_Best_Terminal_Apps_for_Enhanced_Linux_Productivity⠀⇛ The terminal is the core of the Linux operating system. Many users do prefer it over using a GUI app for managing their system. If you are tired of the looks of the command line and want a change, you should check out other apps for a customized terminal. In that case, here are some of the best terminal apps to spice up your Linux experience. There are many terminal emulators out there, and some of them let you use multigrid for multitasking, which in turn, increases your productivity. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Execute_Sudo_Commands_Without_Password_–_Linux Nightly⠀⇛ Are you tired of typing your sudo password any time that you need to execute a command with root privileges? We’ve got good news: it’s possible to disable the sudo password, which will bypass the password prompt whenever you type a command with sudo. These instructions will work the same whether you’re using Ubuntu, Debian, Arch Linux, Manjaro, Fedora, or any other system that has sudo access configured. Obligatory warning: Disabling the sudo password is a bad idea unless you’re on a test system or you’re the only user on the computer. Otherwise, anyone logging into your account will have root permissions. # ⚓ 10_things_to_learn_if_you_want_to_become_a_Linux_admin⠀⇛ The writing on the wall has become incredibly clear and Linux administration is in your future. Your company has probably realized just how much money they can save and much more ore agile they can be by working with Linux as a server platform. # ⚓ How_to_install_RPG_Maker_VX_Ace_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install RPG Maker VX Ace on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_to_Use_the_fsck_Command_on_Linux⠀⇛ All of our important data sits in a file system of one type or another, and file system issues are bound to happen. On Linux, we can use the fsck command to find and fix file system errors. # ⚓ How_to_Update_Arch_Linux⠀⇛ Has the time come to update your Arch Linux system? Whether you’re on pure Arch or an Arch-based distro like Manjaro and Garuda Linux, we’ll show you how to safely update your system with one or two simple commands. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Certbot_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Certbot on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Certbot is a client that fetches the SSL certificate from the Let’s Encrypt authority and automates its installation and configuration. This eliminates the pain and hustle of accomplishing the entire process manually. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Certbot on an AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ How_To_Setup_A_Virtual_Penetration_Testing_Lab_–_ByteXD⠀⇛ If you are just getting started with penetration testing and ethical hacking, you will need a penetration testing lab to practice your skills and test the different security tools available. This post will give you a step-by-step guide on setting up your virtual penetration testing lab and install the various operating systems and vulnerable machines you can start with. # ⚓ How_do_you_pass_a_Named_Argument_in_a_Shell_Script?⠀⇛ The shell scripts in Linux allow you to write programs with hard-coded values and programs that can take user inputs at runtime. These user inputs are known as parameters or arguments. All of us are generally familiar with passing normal arguments to the shell scripts. However, you might sometimes feel the need to pass “Named Arguments” to your shell scripts. This article will guide you more about what exactly are named arguments and their need in shell scripts. After that, we will share an extensive example of passing the named arguments to a shell script in Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ How_to_Copy_and_Paste_in_Linux_and_Ubuntu_Terminal⠀⇛ When you switch to Linux from Microsoft Windows, especially if you are a programmer, there is a possibility that you might struggle to copy and paste commands or lines in the Linux Terminal window. Even when I ported to Ubuntu from Windows a decade ago, I struggled to copy and paste lines in the Linux terminal. At that time, I thought I’m the only user struggling to copy and paste. However, while searching on the Internet, I realized that it is a global problem. The reason is a keyboard shortcut and mouse keys to copy and paste lines in the Linux terminal windows are not the same as the ones we use on Windows. The key bindings for copy and paste operations are dependent on the specific terminal emulator you are using. In Linux, by default CTRL + C key binding is used for sending an interrupt signal to the command running in foreground. Hence, the Linux terminals do not use the standard CTRL + C and CTRL + V for copy and paste operations. # ⚓ How_to_enable_WLAN0_on_Kali_Linux_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ Before getting into wlan0 and how to enable it, let us dig a little into the difference between WLAN and Wi-Fi and look at how it works. To begin with, the abbreviation, WLAN, stands for “Wireless Local Area Network.” Local in WLAN generally means a network contained in a geographical location, building, or campus. The W stands for wireless. These two terms (“WLAN and Wi-Fi) are interlinked and used interchangeably, thus creating misunderstandings among many users. # ⚓ Install_Chromium_browser_Debian_11_Bullseye_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ The steps given here to install Chromium on Debian 11 will also work for Debian 10 Buster and other previous versions including Ubuntu, Linux Mint, MX Linux, Kali Linux, and more… Chromium is an open-source browser from Google, on which “Google Chrome” is based. With this web app, developers and users always get the latest version of the browser for their system. It is available for Windows, Linux, macOS, and Android, which is mainly not intended for end-users, but only for developers because Google tweaks the Chromium source code almost every day, hence you should always use the latest version. Well, if you don’t want the proprietary Chrome browser but the open-source one then Chromium which is identical to that of Chrome can be installed easily. However, there are some restrictions such as Chromium does not have a Flash Player, and PDFs cannot be displayed in the browser. # ⚓ How_Do_I_Run_a_Bash_Script?⠀⇛ Bash is a very popular shell and command language, and it can be used with the Linux, macOS, and Windows operating systems. This language is extensively used for task automation and running repetitive tasks with more ease and convenience. The programs that you write in this language are known as Bash scripts. This discussion is focused on the different methods of running a Bash script on an Ubuntu 20.04 machine. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Humble_Best_of_Stealth_Bundle_has_HITMAN_1_&_2,_Aragami_and more_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Ready for another bundle of treats? You better be quiet on this one, it’s all about stealth and there’s some good games included in it. # ⚓ Splitgate_Season_0_launches_with_a_new_Contamination_game mode,_new_map_and_more_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Splitgate, the huge free to play first-person shooter with portals from 1047 Games announced recently that it shall remain in Beta for the foreseeable future and now Splitgate Season 0 has officially launched. Along with the fresh season, a new update also dropped adding in quite a few goodies. The new stuff includes a Contamination game mode where the contaminated team starts off only with Bats and needs to take down the “human” team who have shotguns. When a human dies, they respawn on the contaminated team. There’s also a new map with Karman Station, which is a reimagining of the original map from an earlier version. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Clonezilla_Live_2.7.3_Released_with_Major Enhancements_and_Bug_Fixes⠀⇛ Clonezilla Live 2.7.3 is here based on Debian Sid. The new version adds support for mounting BitLocker device as image repository. Clonezilla is a free and open source disk imaging and cloning application which runs from a live CD or live USB drive. It is created for disk partition, disk imaging, and cloning tasks as well as bare metal backup and recovery. It enables you to clone disks and partitions, storing resulting images on a backup storage device of your choice. Clonezilla is for any IT pro looking for a reliable, cost-effective tool to enable them to image and restore machines quickly and safely. # ⚓ Kiss_K1ss_linux_off,_https://kisslinux.org_is_here⠀⇛ Kiss Linux nearly run aground by the founder’s good willing nature, and open and free spirit that was naively expected to be engulfed with respect by the community. Kiss since day 1 was a bet, to build a hard core base proposal, lay some values and principles down, and allow the interested community to build a quilt of packages around those principles. He (Dylan Araps) shared his project with those that became initially involved. So what happened? Not all those actors paid much attention to those values and principles, did things on their own violating the principles, and still wanted to call this a Kiss Linux community. Before anyone knew it, Kiss community violating the principles was more Kiss than Kiss itself, and the community’s looser principles (or lack there of) were characterizing Kiss more than it could maintain character itself. So after a much needed break and settling of the situation forming, the restructuring came in July 2021 as yet a new shot with stricter values and principles. Community repositories are still there, the base has changed a bit and so has the kiss package manager/builder. But kiss is just the core base project and from that point on anything you want to do with it is your own prerogative. You may set an installation up once and go on from there never looking back, you can follow it as close as you can, you can fork it and make it your own (MIYO), but don’t dare expect Kiss to call your contraption Kiss linux. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Five_buildings_purchased_at_former_IBM_campus⠀⇛ # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Developer_Announces_GNOME_Desktop_Boots_on_Asahi Linux_for_Apple_M1_|_iPhone_in_Canada_Blog⠀⇛ A terminal in the shot shows that it is running a pre-release of the 5.14 Linux kernel, Debian Linux, and GNOME 3.38.4. “No, it’s not GPU accelerated,” she said, adding: “Honestly, it’s usable. Not great, but usable, on a near mainline kernel. If ‘missing most drivers’ is this snappy, when everything is done @AsahiLinux will run like a dream on these machines.” The important caveat though is that currently that desktop experience is relying just on LLVMpipe for OpenGL acceleration as needed by the GNOME desktop. LLVMpipe is the Mesa Gallium3D software implementation for accelerating OpenGL on the CPU. # ⚓ Thousands_of_Debian_packages_updated_from_their upstream_Git repository⠀⇛ The Debian Janitor is an automated system that commits fixes for (minor) issues in Debian packages that can be fixed by software. It gradually started proposing merges in early December. The first set of changes sent out ran lintian-brush on sid packages maintained in Git. This post is part of a series about the progress of the Janitor. Linux distributions like Debian fulfill an important function in the FOSS ecosystem – they are system integrators that take existing free and open source software projects and adapt them where necessary to work well together. They also make it possible for users to install more software in an easy and consistent way and with some degree of quality control and review. One of the consequences of this model is that the distribution package often lags behind upstream releases. This is especially true for distributions that have tighter integration and standardization (such as Debian), and often new upstream code is only imported irregularly because it is a manual process – both updating the package, but also making sure that it still works together well with the rest of the system. # ⚓ Excellent_Experience_with_Debian_Bullseye⠀⇛ I’ve appreciated the bullseye upgrade, like most Debian upgrades. I’m not quite sure how, since I was already running a backports kernel, but somehow the entire system is snappier. Maybe newer X or something? I’m really pleased with it. Hardware integration is even nicer now, particularly the automatic driverless support for scanners in addition to the existing support for printers. All in all, a very nice upgrade, and pretty painless. I experienced a few odd situations. For one, I had been using Gnome Flashback. Since xmonad-log-applet didn’t compile there (due to bitrot in the log applet, not flashback), and I had been finding Gnome Flashback to be a rather dusty and forgotten corner of Gnome for a long time, I decided to try Mate. Mate just seemed utterly unable to handle a situation with a laptop and an external monitor very well. I want to use only the external monitor with the laptop lid is closed, and it just couldn’t remember how to do the right thing – external monitor on, laptop monitor off, laptop not put into suspend. gdm3 also didn’t seem to be able to put the external monitor to sleep, either, causing a few nights of wasted power. So off I went to XFCE, which I had been using for years on my workstation anyhow. Lots more settings available in XFCE, plus things Just Worked there. Odd that XFCE, the thin and light DE, is now the one that has the most relevant settings. It seems the Gnome “let’s remove a bunch of features” approach has extended to MATE as well. When I switched to XFCE, I also removed gdm3 from my system, leaving lightdm as the only DM on it. That matched what my desktop machine was using, and also what task-xfce- desktop called for. But strangely, the XFCE settings for lightdm were completely different between the laptop and the desktop. It turns out that with lightdm, you can have the lightdm-gtk-greeter and the accompanying lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings, or slick- greeter and the accompanying lightdm- settings. One machine had one greeter and settings, and the other had the other. Why, I don’t know. But lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings had the necessary options for putting monitors to sleep on the login screen, so I went with it. # ⚓ Bits_from_Debian:_DebConf21_welcomes_its_sponsors!⠀⇛ DebConf21 is taking place online, from 24 August to 28 August 2021. It is the 22nd Debian conference, and organizers and participants are working hard together at creating interesting and fruitful events. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ What’s_New_in_elementary_OS_6_“Odin”⠀⇛ There are many Linux distributions (distros) that people claim are good replacements for Windows or macOS. But there are few that have that explicit goal, other than elementary OS, whose sixth major release, “Odin,” was released on August 10, 2021. The focus with Odin is on empowering people to be in control of their PC, including additional privacy controls, upgrades related to ease-of-use and inclusivity, and other minor new features. If you’ve been thinking about switching to Linux or looking for a new distro to call home, here are the highlights of elementary OS 6. # ⚓ ROS_Docker;_6_reasons_why_they_are_not_a_good_fit_| Ubuntu⠀⇛ The Robot Operating System (ROS) has been powering innovators for the last decade. But as more and more ROS robots are reaching the market, developers face new challenges deploying their applications. Why did we start using ROS & Docker? Is it convenient? Does it solve our challenges? Or is it simply a tool from another domain that we are trying to incorporate into an entirely different and possibly inappropriate field? o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_CM4_cluster_board_nears_launch,_adds_Jetson support⠀⇛ The Turing Pi V2, which clusters 4x RPi CM4 modules with a Layer-2 managed switch, has added a BMC and support for Nvidia Jetson modules. Meanwhile, Kobol called it quits, but will release its Helios64 NAS design to the masses. Open hardware projects that lack the backing of sizable tech companies often have more freedom to innovate, but they also face additional challenges in bringing products to market. Combined with the recent industry-wide chip and container shortages, the preeminence of the Raspberry Pi, and increasing market saturation, it has been tough going for community backed hardware projects, as reflected in a lower number of new open-spec SBCs. # ⚓ Compact_router_board_serves_up_Wave_2_WiFi⠀⇛ Wallys’ 65 x 35mm “DR4019S” router board runs Linux on a quad -A7, Wave 2 WiFi equipped IPQ4019 SoC via a compute module. The carrier adds 2x GbE and USB 3.0. Wallys’ Communications has launched a DR4019S router board with an 802.11ac Wave 2 radio that offers a more affordable and compact alternative to its more feature rich and similarly Qualcomm IPQ4019 equipped DR4019. The DR4019S name appears to apply both to the compute module and the full $80 development board. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Dennis_Schubert:_WebCompat_Tale:_Touching Clickable_Things⠀⇛ id you know your finger is larger than one pixel? I mean, sure, your physical finger should always be larger than one pixel, unless your screen has a really low resolution. But did you know that when using Firefox for Android, your finger is actually 6×7 millimeters large? Now you do! Unlike a pixel-perfect input device like a mouse or even a laptop’s trackpad, your finger is weird. Not only is it all soft and squishy, it also actively obstructs your view when touching things on the screen. When you use a web browser and want to click on a link, it is surprisingly difficult to hit it accurately with the center of your fingertip, which is what your touchscreen driver sends to the browser. To help you out, your friendly Firefox for Android helps you out by slightly enlarging the “touch point”. Usually, this works fine and is completely transparent to users. Sometimes, however, it breaks things. # ⚓ How_to_enable_text-to-speech_in_Pocket⠀⇛ With Listen, you can have your articles in Pocket read out loud. This is perfect for those times when you’re doing chores around the house or driving during your commute, when your eyes and hands are busy. # ⚓ Get_started_with_Pocket⠀⇛ Save what inspires you. Pocket is your save button for the internet. When a story catches your eye anywhere online, save it to Pocket and it’ll go straight to your list, ready for you to dig into when you’re free. # ⚓ Stories_Behind_the_Podcasts:_Pocket’s_New Partnership_With_Slate⠀⇛ Pocket has long been the go-to place to discover, save, and spend time with the most thought-provoking and entertaining content from around the web. Now, Pocket – a Mozilla product – has teamed up with Slate’s world-class podcast hosts to provide deep dives into the episodes their listeners can’t stop thinking about. Through curated Pocket Collections, podcast and Pocket fans will have their very own ‘back- stage pass’ to explore the stories behind their favorite Slate podcast episodes—straight from the hosts’ notes. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_community_members:_Have_your_say_in_our survey!_–_The_Document_Foundation_Blog⠀⇛ At The Document Foundation, we try to grow and strengthen our community in many ways. We’d like to improve our support for existing community members who’re working on LibreOffice, but also increase the number of contributors (and TDF members). To achieve this, we’ve created a survey for active members inside the LibreOffice community, to identify areas where focused activity is needed, and address the needs of local projects around the world. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ An_Update_on_the_Classic_Editor_Plugin⠀⇛ Before the release of WordPress 5.0 in 2018, the Classic Editor plugin was published to help ease the transition to the new block editor. At the time, we promised to support the plugin through 2021 and adjust if needed as the deadline got closer. After discussing this with Matt, it’s clear that continuing to support the plugin through 2022 is the right call for the project as well as the community. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ GitLab_14.2_brings_macOS_‘build_cloud’_closed_beta and_improved_Gitpod_support_among_nearly_50_new features⠀⇛ GitLab has updated its code repository and DevOps platform to version 14.2, including a private beta of a macOS “build cloud” for compiling applications for Apple’s operating system. “Today, Apple ecosystem developers on GitLab SaaS need to install, manage and operate GitLab Runner on their own macOS systems to execute CI/CD workflows,” said the company. # ⚓ Scanf_in_C⠀⇛ The scanf function is one of the most famous and useful C functions. It allows a C program to accept input from the standard input stream, mainly the keyboard. Once scanf reads data from the standard input, it stores the value according to the specified parameter format. This tutorial will give you the basics of how to use the scanf function in the C programs. # ⚓ Sprintf_in_C⠀⇛ In this guide, we will discuss how to use the sprintf function in C programs. The sprintf function is used to write a formatted string to a character string buffer. Let us discuss how to use this function and illustrate with various examples. # ⚓ Strcat_in_C⠀⇛ Strings are one of the fundamental building blocks in C and other major programming languages. This quick guide will walk you through using one useful string function: strcat. The strcat function allows you to concatenate or join two strings to form a single string value. # ⚓ Strcpy()_Function_in_C⠀⇛ In this guide, we will discuss how to use the strcpy() function in C language. The strcpy() function is a part of the C standard library and is used to perform string copy operations. It is included in the string.h header file and needs to be imported before using the function. # ⚓ Strncpy_Function_in_C⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will discuss how to use the strncpy() function in the C programming language. The strncpy function in C is used to copy specified bytes of characters from a source to a specified destination. It is defined in the string.h header file which need to be included before using the function. # ⚓ Structures_in_C⠀⇛ In C, a structure is a user-defined variable used to store a collection of variables under a single entity. Let us use a simple analogy to explain structures implementation and usefulness in C. Suppose we want to store information about users using a specific service. Such information can include the username, email, address, service mode, and such. To store such information, we can go about creating each attribute as a standalone variable. However, when we have ten plus users, the code can spiral out of control and become very difficult and tiresome to read. To solve this, we can create a structure. Inside the structure, we can store all the attributes shared by all the users and then add unique variables for each user. Let us take a look at various examples to see how to implement this. # ⚓ strstr_Function_in_C⠀⇛ The strstr() function in C is used to parse and locate the occurrence of a substring in a string. It is defined in the string.h header file. This short tutorial will show you how to use C’s strstr() function to locate a set substring. # ⚓ Perror_Function_in_C⠀⇛ This guide will discuss the perror function in C, how it works, and how we can use it. The perror function prints error messages to the stderr stream based on the error state in the errno. # ⚓ Where_Clause_MySQL⠀⇛ This article will show you how to use the MySQL WHERE clause to filter rows for a specific condition. Using the where clause, we can specify a search condition for rows that return true for the condition and perform actions on them. # ⚓ MySQL_BIGINT_Number_Ranges⠀⇛ This article focuses on the MySQL BIGINT data type and looks into how we can use it to store integer values. We will also learn its range, storage size, and various attributes, including signed, unsigned, and zero fill. # ⚓ MySQL_Create_Temp_Table⠀⇛ A MySQL temporary table is a unique type of table that allows you to store data temporarily within a single user session. MySQL temporary table is not that different from a normal MySQL table, except that it is volatile. Once a table has initialized in a specific user session, only that user can view, edit, or delete the table. Other logged-in users have no access to it. Once a session dies, MySQL automatically drops the table and the data stored in it. In this tutorial, we will quickly discuss how you can create and use the MySQL temporary table. # ⚓ New_Release:_KD_Reports_2.0.0_–_KDAB_–_KDAB_on_Qt⠀⇛ Version 2.0.0 of KD Reports has just been released! KD Reports creates all kinds of reports from within Qt applications. These reports are printable and exportable from code and XML descriptions. KD Reports is a developer tool used in source code, but it allows the use of templates that are created by design staff. Reports may contain text paragraphs, tables, headlines, charts, headers and footers and more. Read more about KD Reports here. # ⚓ Milonga_in_Flathub!_|_Juan_Pablo’s_Blog⠀⇛ Cambalache is a new RAD tool that enables the creation of user interfaces for Gtk and the GNOME desktop environment. It’s main target is Gtk 4 but it has been designed from the ground up to support other versions. It is released under LGPL v2.1 license and you can get the source code and file issues here [...] Even tough the workflow is similar to Glade, there are some key differences like multiple UI files support in the same project, which means new concepts like import and export where introduced. Since I do not like writing documentation, who does? I made an interactive tutorial to show up the work flow. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Using_Gyroscope_and_Accelerometer_with_MPU6050, Raspberry_PI_Pico_and_MicroPython⠀⇛ Gyroscopes and Accelerometers are basic features of modern smartphones. But they are vital for such projects as drones and self-balancing cars. These two kinds of sensor can be achieved with a single chip: the MPU6050. As it can communicate with a I2C interface, you can use it with Raspberry PI Pico In this tutorial, I’m going to show you how to connect and use an MPU6050 with Raspberry PI Pico and MicroPython. The MPU6050 is a Micro-Electro- Mechanical System (MEMS), which are small form factor devices able to convert mechanical movements into electrical signals. The MPU6050 specific case includes a 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis Gyroscope (built inside the accelerometer). The accelerometer will measure the acceleration given from a movement (values will be different from zero while it will change its moving speed), while the gyroscope will measure the speed of movement (values will be different from zero while it will move). From this, derives that MPU6050 can measure movement but it will not fit perfectly the aim to define an absolute position. For this purpose, you will need to add a magnetometer as a slave device to MPU6050, by using its auxiliary pins (not explained in this tutorial). # ⚓ Using_NumPy’s_Meshgrid⠀⇛ This post will show what a meshgrid is and how it can be created and used in python. A meshgrid is a rectangular grid of values made out of coordinate vectors. It is also that the values in the meshgrid are a function of the coordinate vectors. Let’s say you want to create a meshgrid out of the coordinate vectors x and y. The naive way to do it is create a new rectangular grid and assign the values of the grid by evaluating the function at each point of the meshgrid. The following code illustrated the naive way: # ⚓ What_is_the_cursor_execute_in_Python?⠀⇛ A cursor is an object which helps to execute the query and fetch the records from the database. The cursor plays a very important role in executing the query. This article will learn some deep information about the execute methods and how to use those methods in python. # ⚓ How_to_Use_the_Decimal_Module_in_Python⠀⇛ This article will cover a guide on using the “Decimal” module in Python. It can be used to run various mathematical operations on floating point numbers or numbers containing decimals points. All code samples in this article are tested with Python 3.9.5 on Ubuntu 21.04. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ What_is_the_“Does_Not_Equal”_Sign_in_Bash?_How To_Use_It⠀⇛ The not equal “-ne” controller inside the Linux Bash programming language compares two possible values when they’re not equivalent. The not equal function in Ubuntu bash is denoted by the symbol “-ne,” which would be the initial character of “not equal.” Also included is the “!=” operator that is used to indicate the not equal condition. The exclamation point, i.e., “!=” is also commonly used in certain computer languages to indicate that something is not equal. In addition, for the not equal expression to operate, it must be enclosed by brackets [[…]]. The not equal operation yields a boolean result of True or False. The not equal expression is often used in conjunction only with if or elif expressions to check for equality and run instructions. # ⚓ What_is_$@_in_a_Bash_Script?⠀⇛ Most of us use Bash scripts for maintenance and certain other tasks. However, we aren’t always acquainted with the various Bash options. Whenever a user is a novice to the Bash shell and Linux, the user tends to seek a pre-written Bash script. This is due to some users finding the unique Bash characters such as $@, $_, and $1 confusing. Beginning with the $@ Bash parameter, it is being used to extend into the positional arguments. Each parameter extends into something like a distinct word whenever expanding happens within double-quotes. Separate parameters should be enclosed in quotations and distinguished by a space if $@ is used. Remember that $@ should be quoted to function properly. Nonetheless, it behaves similarly to arguments as distinct strings. We will be looking at several examples to elaborate on the functionality of $@ in the Bash Script while using Ubuntu 20.04 system: * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ New_OnLogic_Fanless_Computers_for_the_IoT_and_Edge_are Powered_by_New_Intel_Processors⠀⇛ # ⚓ Oracle_Cloud_“Always_Free”_services_include_Ampere_A1_Arm Compute_instances_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ So that means you could register an account for free, albeit a credit card or debit card is required for a $1 hold released after a few days, and use up to four Arm-based Ampera A1 cores with 24GB RAM for evaluation for free forever. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Wednesday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (openssl), openSUSE (libspf2, openssl-1_0_0, and openssl-1_1), Oracle (libsndfile), SUSE (nodejs10, nodejs12, openssl, openssl-1_0_0, openssl-1_1, and openssl1), and Ubuntu (openssl). # ⚓ Red_Hat’s_open_approach_to_vulnerability management⠀⇛ Security is at the top of mind for our customers, and understanding the language and practices around security is vital for teams delivering applications and managing infrastructure. Understanding how Red Hat reports and evaluates security vulnerabilities — as well as the tools Red Hat uses to communicate and address vulnerabilities — goes a long way towards protecting your IT environment. # ⚓ FreeBSD_bhyve,_OpenSSL,_GEOM_&_libfetch security_fixes_released⠀⇛ All supported versions of FreeBSD are affected by various security bugs that need to be applied ASAP. For example, a memory corruption bug exists in the bhyve hypervisor. Another overwrite the stack of ggatec and potentially execute arbitrary code. There are two issues fixed for OpenSSL in this security advisory too. Let us see what and how to fix these security vulnerabilities on FreeBSD. The excellent news is fixed are released for FreeBSD version 11, 12 and 13 for bhyve, openssl, GEOM and libfetch. # ⚓ Watch_now:_2021_Red_Hat_Security_Symposium_on- demand⠀⇛ In July, Red Hat brought together a group of security experts, partners, and industry peers to discuss some of the hybrid cloud security problems organizations face and solutions to tackle those challenges. Those sessions were recorded and are now available for free on-demand viewing. If you’re a security professional who finds it increasingly difficult to keep up with the complexity of changing risks, compliance requirements, tools, and architectural changes introduced by new cloud and container technologies, these videos may help. # ⚓ odix_announces_its_hardened_Ubuntu_OS_as contribution_to_the_IT_community⠀⇛ odix’s Ubuntu is preconfigured to meet the CIS recommendations Benchmarks for hardening. # ⚓ odix_announces_its_hardened_Ubuntu_OS_as contribution_to_the_IT_community⠀⇛ After months of intricate development, user testing and detailed configuration odix is excited to provide our complimentary Linux Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Operating-System, which exceeds industry benchmarks and streamlines deployment of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS for administrators, security specialists, auditors, help desk professionals, and platform deployment personnel. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Crypto_Mining_Has_Roused_Cybercriminal Interest_in_Breaking_Linux:_Trend_Micro Report [Ed: Trying to sell their proprietary stuff]⠀⇛ o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Franklin_Scandal_with_Nick_Bryant⠀⇛ In this episode, Whitney is joined by investigative journalist and author Nick Bryant to discuss one of the most sordid child abuse rackets in American history, one that rose to the pinnacle of US political power. The Franklin Scandal, as it’s now known, shows that Jeffrey Epstein was hardly an anomaly. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Digital_identifiers_to_help_crypto_market_go_mainstream_– The_Hindu⠀⇛ Tags for identifying bitcoin, ethereum and other crypto assets will be launched in September in the latest sign of how the fast growing, unregulated market is adopting the hallmarks of mainstream investing. (Subscribe to our Today’s Cache newsletter for a quick snapshot of top 5 tech stories. Click here to subscribe for free.) The ability to monitor cryptocurrencies has become a major worry for regulators as the ballooning market, which reached a record $2 trillion capitalization in April, has experienced wild volatility and central bank warnings that investors could lose their shirts. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Golden_Bunny_III:_No_retroactive_application_of_EU Trade_Mark_Directive⠀⇛ In addition to being known as a source for great chocolate, Swiss chocolate producer Lindt may be known to Kat readers as a source of interesting developments of trade mark law, especially in the field of non- traditional trade marks (see Katposts on Lindt’s 3D golden bunny marks here, here and here). Last week, the German Federal Court of Justice published the reasons of its decision “Golden Bunny III”, holding that Lindt owns an unregistered trade mark in the abstract colour gold, claiming the product “chocolate bunnies”. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4619 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_25/8/2021:_Krita_4.4.8_and_QEMU_6.1_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:37 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Real_People_Are_Out_There_|_LINUX_Unplugged_420⠀⇛ We share some stories from our Denver meetup, the strange reason we found ourselves at a golf course, and some news you should know. Special Guest: Brent Gervais. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Happy_30th_Birthday,_Linux!⠀⇛ That’s right, it’s been 30 years since 21-year-old Finnish student Linus Benedict Torvalds made his now-famous announcement on the day of August 25th, 1991, on the comp.os.minix news group, saying that he is working on a free operating system for 386 (486) AT clones as a “hobby.” Well, that “hobby” turned into something massive in only 30 years (how time flies), and Linux now powers almost every smart device around you, including your Android smartphone, Amazon Alexa and Google Home smart assistants, big screen TV, smart fridge, smart lights, and especially your Wi-Fi router. # ⚓ When_Linus_Torvalds_Was_Wrong_About_Linux⠀⇛ Generally, I agree with his opinion and most often his views have turned out to be correct. Except in this one case. # ⚓ Clang_CFI_Patches_For_The_Linux_Kernel_Updated_To_Beef_Up Security_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Earlier this year when Clang LTO support was added for Linux 5.12 that link-time optimization support wasn’t done solely for squeezing out greater performance but also because it’s a prerequisite for making use of Clang’s Control Flow Integrity (CFI) functionality. Google engineers have now sent out their latest set of patches for bringing up Clang CFI support within the Linux kernel. Clang’s CFI are designed to enhance security against attacks that subvert the software’s control flow. Unlike other solutions, Clang CFI is quite speedy with an intent that it’s safe and performant enough to use for release builds of software. CFI adds a run-time check before indirect function calls to ensure nothing nefarious is happening to the control flow. Clang’s CFI relies upon link-time optimizations for inferring visibility of a class and as another added benefit of this solution it doesn’t require any specialized CPU/hardware capabilities. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ QEMU_6.1_Released_With_RISC-V_Improvements,_AMD_Emulation Fixes⠀⇛ QEMU 6.1 is out as the newest feature release to this widely-used, open-source Linux virtualization component. QEMU 6.1 sees a lot of new and improved work for its extensive array of emulated device support. Some of the highlights for QEMU 6.1 include: - Support on PowerPC for greatly increased maximum CPU count support that users are likely to hit other system limits before being restricted by QEMU. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Krita_4.4.8_Released⠀⇛ This is strictly a bug fix release. There are two changes: we fixed an issue with saving a .kra file with an embedded palette, which was broken leading to dataloss, and, for Windows, support for fractional HiDPI display scaling is now disabled by default. If you’re using the portable zip files, just open the zip file in Explorer and drag the folder somewhere convenient, then double- click on the krita icon in the folder. This will not impact an installed version of Krita, though it will share your settings and custom resources with your regular installed version of Krita. For reporting crashes, also get the debug symbols folder. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Best_New_Features_Coming_in_GNOME_41⠀⇛ GNOME 41 doesn’t include as many desktop layout rejigs as the GNOME 40 release in the spring, but the same sincere commitment to improving the GNOME desktop experience is there all the same. As you are about to see, there is a stack of new features and ‘interesting’ design changes to talk about, so scroll down to swot up on the key changes expected to ship in GNOME 41 this autumn. For note, Ubuntu 21.10 will NOT include GNOME 41. A few exceptions are being made on an individual app basis, as in the case of the GNOME Disks Utility. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Taliban_May_Pretend_to_Show_Moderation,_But_the Murderous_Reality_is_Far_Different⠀⇛ Another motive was to demonstrate the Taliban’s power over the Shia minority in Afghanistan, mostly members of the 4 million- strong Hazara ethnic group, in whose heartlands the statues had stood before their destruction. Last week the Taliban blew up another statue in Bamiyan, this time of a martyred Hazara leader whom they had murdered in 1995, shortly before they captured Kabul for the first time. His name was Abdul Ali Mazari and he died when he and his senior aides were invited to a peace meeting with a Taliban leader. On their arrival, Mazari was abducted, tortured, executed and his body thrown out of a helicopter. # ⚓ Taliban,_the_Free_and_Open_Source_Software_Community Team_of_Afghanistan⠀⇛ In other words, the Taliban are much like the Community Team in a free software organization. We’ve seen Debian, Fedora, Mozilla and FSFE all enacting retribution against volunteers who ask basic questions about their finances and Outreachy girlfriends. There is nothing funny about this. The previous Taliban regime enforced their Code of Conduct by stoning people to death. Sage Sharp would be so proud of them. One of America’s biggest allies in the region, Saudi Arabia, is equally enthusiastic about their Code of Conduct. The US munitions confiscated by the Taliban are inconsequential when compared to the US sale of arms to Saudi Arabia and Israel. Saudi policy on women has improved and they deserve credit for that. It will be interesting to see if the Taliban will also provide an app that makes it easier for women to get permission from their husbands and fathers. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ SolidRun_LX2162A_SOM_packs_16_Cortex-A72_cores,_32GB_DDR4 onto_a_58x48mm_module⠀⇛ SolidRun LX2162A SOM is a compact (58x48mm) system- on-module based on NXP LX2162A 16-core Cortex-A72 networking processor and equipped with up to 32GB DDR4 RAM that’s 25% of the size of the company’s earlier COM Express Type 7 computer-on-module based on NXP LX2160A 16-core Arm Cortex A72 communication processor and found in ClearFog CX LX2K networking board. The much smaller size has been made possible by replacing the SO-DIMM sockets with soldered RAM, and switching from LX2160A to LX2162A SoC with similar features, but offered in a 23x23mm package that is nearly one quarter the size thanks to a reduction of the number of SerDes and PCIe interfaces, and manufacturing with a 16nm FinFET process technology. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_project_ideas_for_Raspberry_Pi_Zero⠀⇛ # ⚓ Behind_the_scenes_at_Atari⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_iMX8QuadPlus_System_on_Module_is_ready_for prototyping⠀⇛ Evaluation board iMX8MPlus-SOM-EVB is now designed with Dual Ethernet, Dual USB 3.0, PCIe, HDMI. NXP is going to provide mainline Linux support for this SOC. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_S21_Ultra_5G_Android_12_Beta_Rollout Could_be_Right_Around_the_Corner,_Geekbench_Listing Reveals_–_MySmartPrice⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_beta_4_App_info_page_leads_to_crash_or even_factory_reset⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_Android_11_update_tracker:_Mi_&_Redmi_devices received_beta/stable⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_1.4_receiving_Android_11_GO_update_|_Nokiamob⠀⇛ # ⚓ 3_best_games_like_GTA_5_for_slow_Android_phones_in August_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_9_Best_PDF_Scanner_Android_Apps_–_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_4G_Android_tablets_in_India_|_Business_Insider India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Safer_With_Google_2021_Will_Build_On_Google’s_Privacy Push_For_Android_And_Chrome⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_exec_briefly_shows_off_Pixel_6′s_under- display_fingerprint_sensor_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ SVP_on_Android:_120fps_Motion_smoothing_interpolation video_for_some_–_SlashGear⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_releases_new_OS_Fuchsia:_will_it_become_the “Android_killer”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_Mi_TV_webcam_review:_A_simple_but_useful video-calling_solution_for_Android_TVs_and_PCs- Technology_News,_Firstpost⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tips_And_Tricks_To_Get_More_Out_Of_Your_Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Chrome_will_support_a_multi-window_experience for_Android_12_–_gHacks_Tech_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_the_Notification_Shade_in_Android_12_– TechRepublic⠀⇛ # ⚓ Beware;_the_Joker_virus_is_popping_back_up_in_some Android_apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Coloring_Book+, more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ 2022_Porsche_Taycan_rocks_retro_colors,_keeps_it modern_with_Android_Auto_integration_–_Roadshow⠀⇛ # ⚓ Another_Android_manufacturer_is_taking_on_Apple’s MagSafe_charging⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Use_this_open_source_tool_for_automated_unit_testing⠀⇛ Modernizing and transforming legacy applications is a challenging activity that involves several tasks. One of the key tasks is validating that the modernized application preserves the functionality of the legacy application. Unfortunately, this can be tedious and hard to perform. Legacy applications often do not have automated test cases, or, if available, test coverage might be inadequate, both in general and specifically for covering modernization-related changes. A poorly maintained test suite might also contain many obsolete tests (accumulated over time as the application evolved). Therefore, validation is mainly done manually in most modernization projects—it is a process that is time-consuming and may not test the application sufficiently. In some reported case studies, testing accounted for approximately 70% to 80% of the time spent on modernization projects [1]. Tackle-test is an automated testing tool designed to address this challenge. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_11.0a5⠀⇛ Tor Browser 11.0a5 is now available from the Tor Browser download page and also from our distribution directory. Note: This is an alpha release, an experimental version for users who want to help us test new features. For everyone else, we recommend downloading the latest stable release instead. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to_Microsoft GitHub⠀⇛ Microsoft’s stance for decades was that community creation and sharing of communal code (later to be known as free and open source software) represented a direct attack on their business. Their battle with Linux stretches back many years. Back in 2001, former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer famously tarnished Linux “a cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches”. Microsoft also initiated its “Get the Facts” marketing campaign from mid-2003, which specifically criticized Linux server usage, total cost of ownership, security, indemnification and reliability. The campaign was widely criticized for spreading misinformation. However, in recent years, there has been a partial shift by Microsoft to embrace the open source software paradigm. For example, some of their code is open sourced. Examples include Visual Studio Code, .NET Framework, Atom, and PowerShell. They have also made investments in Linux development, server technology and organizations including the Linux Foundation and Open Source Initiative. They have made acquisitions such as Xamarin to help mobile app development, and GitHub a hugely popular code repository for open source developers. And they have partnered with Canonical, the developers of the popular Ubuntu distro. But many developers remain hugely sceptical about Microsoft and their apparent shift to embrace open source. # ⚓ Omnibus_GitLab_Let’s_Encrypt_renewal_error_and_fix⠀⇛ I moved source.small-tech.org, our self- hosted GitLab instance, to Eclips.is a few months ago and noticed today that the Let’s Encrypt certificate had failed to renew. # ⚓ Implementing_dark_mode_in_a_handful_of_lines_of_CSS with_CSS_filters⠀⇛ I finally got round to implementing dark mode for this site (the cobbler’s children have no shoes and all that…) o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Open_digital_platforms_can_unlock_economic_value_of_over $700_billion_by_2030:_Nasscom⠀⇛ The success of digital platforms for public good such as Aadhaar, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) and the CoWIN portal for Covid-19 vaccinations has drawn attention from countries looking to India for help to replicate this, said Nandan Nilekani, co-founder and chairman at Infosys and chief architect of the Aadhaar unique identity database. The global adoption of platforms such as BHIM and UPI presents a big opportunity for India, the report said. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Drowning_Creek⠀⇛ Past the strip malls and the power plants, out of the holler, past Gun Bottom Road and Brassfield and before Red Lick Creek, there’s a stream called Drowning Creek where I saw the prettiest bird I’d seen all year, the Belted Kingfisher, crested in its Aegean blue plumage perched not on a high nag but on a transmission wire, eyeing the creek for crayfish, tadpoles, and minnows. We were driving fast back home and already our minds were pulled taut like a high black wire latched to a utility pole. I wanted to stop, stop the car to take a closer look at the solitary stocky water bird with its blue crown and its blue chest and its uncommonness. But already we were a blur and miles beyond the flying fisher by the time I had realized what I’d witnessed. People were nothing to that bird, hovering over the creek. I was nothing to that bird that wasn’t concerned with history’s bloody battles or why this creek was called Drowning Creek, a name I love though it gives me shivers, because it sounds like an order, a place where one goes to drown. The bird doesn’t call the creek that name. The bird doesn’t call it anything. I’m almost certain, though I am certain of nothing. There is a solitude in this world I cannot pierce. I would die for it. o ⚓ Political_Consultant_Misrepresents_Nearly_Everything_In_Arguing That_The_Gov’t_Should_Make_Google/Facebook_Pay_News_Orgs⠀⇛ If you don’t know who Doug Schoen is, he’s a quintessential political/lobbying insider, who has worked for the Clintons and more recently for Mike Bloomberg’s presidential campaign. It might surprise some people to find that he also was a regular on Fox News… before switching to propaganda purveyor Newsmax, where he was hired earlier this year as an “analyst.” In previous lives he worked for political trickster Dick Morris, and was a partner with another political dirty trickster, Mark Penn, in a political consulting firm. Penn, famously, has argued that companies should attack more successful companies through political dirty tricks, and it appears that Schoen is following in those footsteps. o ⚓ Iron_Cage⠀⇛ Like the slapstick routines of Laurel and Hardy or the Three Stooges, Adam Curtis’s films revolve around a shtick. His métier is one of uncanny juxtapositions in sight and sound, united by droll narration and associative leaps—from topics as disparate as prescription drug abuse by America’s suburban housewives to the machinations of Saudi oil barons—to illustrate how they are all part of a larger scheme in the way the world is run. Curtis has developed this style not only because of the way it casts a spell over the viewer (the sound of his posh English accent, punctuated by images of street protest and ambient music, is a strange pleasure all its own) but because it allows him to tackle an issue that might otherwise seem invisible: how power works in society. Each of Curtis’s inquiries into power—whether he’s exploring the connected histories of public relations and psychiatry, the shared influences of neoconservatism and radical Islam, or the neo-Darwinist and libertarian roots of Silicon Valley—is framed as a journalistic endeavor, but his films are also essays that go where conventional documentary journalism cannot. His approach is crafted to engage with an idea that journalistic exposés could only dimly illuminate: the ways that modernity has created a populace of “little monsters” living lives of false freedom. o ⚓ Another_Lively_Debate⠀⇛ Support independent cartooning: join Sparky’s List—and don’t forget to visit TT’s Emporium of Fun, featuring the new book and plush Sparky! o ⚓ Tokyo_Hosts_a_Dangerous_Paralympics_in_the_Shadow_of_Covid⠀⇛ The Tokyo Paralympics are set to kick off on August 24 under a merciless cloud of Covid-19. Many regions in Japan are experiencing record Covid infections, driven by the Delta variant. The health care system is being stretched to its limits. As with the Tokyo 2020 Olympics that preceded them, the Paralympics will transpire under a State of Emergency, which the Japanese government recently extended through September 12 in numerous prefectures, including Tokyo. Despite much-vaunted strictures in the so-called “Olympic bubble,” more than 500 people associated with the Games have contracted the coronavirus. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Academic_research_funding_to_be_cut_by_50_million_euros⠀⇛ In spring, officials decided that the state will not fully compensate the beneficiaries of the gambling agency for their losses. The funds allocated for science have been permanently reduced by 30–40 per cent. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ DeSantis’s_Poll_Numbers_Plummet_as_Florida_Deals_With Terrifying_COVID_Numbers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Anti-Vaxxers_Poison_Themselves_by_Taking_Cattle_Deworming Drug_Against_COVID⠀⇛ # ⚓ Parenting_Amid_Delta_Is_the_Heartbreak_That_Didn’t_Need_to Happen⠀⇛ # ⚓ American_Medical_Association_Calls_for_Covid-19_Vaccine Mandates⠀⇛ As hospitals in undervaccinated U.S. communities are dramatically overwhelmed with Covid-19 patients and new research is elevating concerns about the Delta variant, a major association for doctors on Tuesday called for vaccine mandates to end the pandemic. That call from the American Medical Association (AMA) came a day after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted full approval to the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus vaccine—one of three authorized for emergency use in the country—for people age 16 or older. # ⚓ Ben_Jealous:_Rev._Jesse_Jackson_Is_Hospitalized_with_COVID- 19._“We’re_All_Praying_for_Him.”⠀⇛ Civil rights and voting rights icon Rev. Jesse Jackson and his wife have been hospitalized with COVID-19 in Chicago. Jackson is fully vaccinated and has Parkinson’s disease. During the pandemic, he has pushed for healthcare for all, and said in a statement, “After 400 years of slavery, segregation and discrimination, why would anybody be shocked that African Americans are dying disproportionately from the coronavirus?” We speak with Jackson’s friend, Ben Jealous, president of People for the American Way and former president of the NAACP. “This is a guy who for 60, 70 years has done nothing but serve the people of this country,” says Jealous. “I hope we’re all praying for him now.” # ⚓ Pfizer’s_COVID_Vaccine_Has_Full_FDA_Approval._Here’s_What That_Means.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Biden_Calls_on_Business_Leaders_to_Require_Vaccinations Following_FDA_Approval⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ LPE_zero-day_flaw_in_Razer_Synapse_allows_attackers to_take_over_Windows_PCs⠀⇛ A zero-day vulnerability in Razer Synapse could allow threat actors to gain Windows admin privileges by plugging in a Razer mouse or keyboard. # ⚓ Windows_10_Admin_Rights_Gobbled_by_Razer_Devices⠀⇛ So much for Windows 10’s security: A zero-day in the device installer software grants admin rights just by plugging in a mouse or other compatible device. UPDATE: Microsoft is investigating. # ⚓ A_guide_to_platform_fees⠀⇛ Apps are just one example of how online platforms for small businesses and independent creators have shifted the world we live and work in. Membership platforms, like Patreon, allow creatives to charge monthly payments in exchange for new videos, comics, and essays. Video services like Twitch and YouTube allow creators to monetize their time through advertising revenue. And marketplaces like Etsy and Amazon allow people to sell an assortment of products directly to customers around the world. The cut each platform takes varies significantly: Apple notoriously takes 30 percent of many digital in-app purchases; Twitch takes a 50 percent cut of subscription fees and a cut of advertising; eBay asks people to buy space and then pay a fee. Knowing just how much each platform takes is crucial to figuring out what’s best for your business, or for understanding how the businesses you’re shopping from make money. Here are the various fees each platform takes, divided into four categories: app stores, creator platforms (including memberships, video services, and more), digital marketplaces, and games marketplaces. # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Frontex_pays_another_€84_million_for aerial_surveillance⠀⇛ The border agency spends one- sixth of its budget on flights at the EU’s external borders. With the service, the Frontex director makes himself independent of the governments of the member states. A contract for helicopter operations does not materialise for the time being. In the meantime, however, Libya has ordered helicopters from Airbus. # ⚓ US_Army_Now_Using_Clearview’s_Unproven Tech_To_Investigate_Crimes⠀⇛ We can add another government agency to the list of entities that have been suckered in by Clearview’s highly questionable sales pitches about its unproven tech: the US Army. [Paywall ahead, but alternatives abound.] o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ John_Pilger:_Afghanistan,_The_Great_Game_of_Smashing Countries⠀⇛ As a tsunami of crocodile tears engulfs Western politicians, history is suppressed. More than a generation ago, Afghanistan won its freedom, which the United States, Britain and their “allies” destroyed. # ⚓ The_War_on_Terror_Is_Only_Evolving⠀⇛ It ended in chaos and disaster. Kabul has fallen and Joe Biden is being blamed (by congressional Republicans in particular) for America’s now almost-20-year disaster in Afghanistan. But is the War on Terror itself over? Apparently not. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Media_Suddenly_Cares_About_Afghan_Women_Again After_US_Departure⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_Nation_of_Fools?⠀⇛ I’ve had enough with these fools, war-mongers, widow makers, Earth destroyers, hoarders and oppressors. Where in this world is the person of peace, the patriot who loves their country enough to not take it down the path of lost lives, squandered wealth, wasted time, falling empires and a dying planet? So who in this country will wear the patriots ribbon and those shining medals of honor and freedom? Who marches through the streets in the homecoming parade, who kisses the lover to the cheering sounds of a grateful public? Who is the hero, the pride of the people? Who loved their country, which of us had any good sense at all? Do we celebrate, promote and reward the war criminals and Earth destroyers or do we free and reward the political prisoners, truth tellers and Earth protectors? # ⚓ Opinion_|_Is_a_Cold_War_With_China_Still_Possible_in_This Overheating_World?⠀⇛ In recent months, Washington has had a lot to say about China’s ever-expanding air, naval, and missile power. But when Pentagon officials address the topic, they generally speak less about that country’s current capabilities, which remain vastly inferior to those of the U.S., than the world they foresee in the 2030s and 2040s, when Beijing is expected to have acquired far more sophisticated weaponry. # ⚓ The_Transformation_of_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Fanatics terrorized the Afghan people. For twenty years we fought there in a war. So what’s it going to be like when we’ve finished? Well, pretty much just like it was before. # ⚓ Mission_Accomplished⠀⇛ It took America 15 years to airlift its whipped, arrogant ass out of Vietnam; in Afghanistan it took 20.  All the young men and women our diseased, criminal “leaders” doomed to be killed, mangled, or commit suicide in or after those fake, bullshit “wars” were, in effect, shit-canned by them like rotten meat.  Trillions that should have educated, inspired, and nurtured them were wasted and stolen by our rabid, raping Capitalist War Machine. After 20 years of blustering, pious deception, colluded in by the hillbilly ninnies laughingly referred to as our government, led by four despicable Presidents—as contemptible a set of moral and spiritual monsters as could be dredged up from the foetid latrines of history—this hideous charade can be seen for what it was: a brazen scam to engorge our Death Merchants with blood money. # ⚓ America’s_Merchants_of_Death:_Then_and_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Only_Hero_of_the_Duterte_Era?_An_Interview_With Philippine_Senator_Leila_de_Lima⠀⇛ Framed on false charges of being at the center of the illegal drug trade and mercilessly flayed by President Rodrigo Duterte as an “immoral woman,” de Lima became Public Enemy No. 1 for telling the Filipino leader that she would not rest until she secured his conviction and imprisonment for the extra-judicial execution of over 20,000 people in his bloody “war on drugs.” When decades from now, a later generation of Filipinos look back on the Duterte presidency and ask themselves how on earth so many of their forebears could elect a murderer and applaud him as he went about his bloody business for six years, it is likely that the only person they will regard as a hero in this dark era is Leila de Lima. # ⚓ What_Will_the_Taliban_Do?_It’s_Up_to_Us.⠀⇛ The U.S. is out, but what the Biden Administration and its Western allies do in the weeks and months ahead will have a big influence on whether the Central Asian country reverts to the insular medieval barbarism of the 1990s or modernizes in order to conform to major international norms. The Taliban is far from monolithic. They have common values: adherence to sharia law, resistance to foreign interference, the traditional Pashtun tribal code of pashtunwali. How those general values manifest into specific policies and laws will be subject to interpretation through the movement’s fluid internal politics. # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Arturo_Sánchez_Pineda⠀⇛ Based in: Geneva, Switzerland # ⚓ Out_of_Afghanistan,_Better_Late_Than_Never⠀⇛ Afghan women report in polls that almost 90% of them are abused. Their plight may be even worse under the Taliban, but the last time the US pretended to be concerned was 2001. As cynical as the use of women for war and profiteering is, the goal of women’s rights is a vital one. Sustained equality for women has only been achieved in peace time. If that’s not the plan, then there is no plan. Yes, this was Joe’s sloppiest pullout since Hunter. But we’ve been hearing that it’s the wrong time to leave Afghanistan for 20 years. And yes, there was a time, early in the Bush-era war, when the Taliban was weak and leaving Afghanistan would have been an even better idea. But Biden was right when he said that the rabid rise of the Taliban proved that the American presence in Afghanistan was doing nothing for anybody. # ⚓ Afghanistan’s_Armageddon_20_Years_After_9/11_Offers_Foreign Policy_Choices:_Groundhog_Day_or_Imperial_Reckoning?⠀⇛ As the Afghanistan Armageddon unravels, this humiliating, devastating defeat for the US and its allies and the 20th anniversary of 9/11 (and who knows what may take place to mark that day?), plus the June 29 death of war monger extraordinaire Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, are wakeup calls. They offer Americans the chance to reflect upon, reconsider and rethink Washington’s disastrous, interventionist foreign policy. After 20 years of war, the retreat of US forces from the Afghan Theater – an ass-kicking of Biblical proportions – is a reminder of the limits of American power and overreach. The US foreign policy establishment has again been exposed for its extraordinary imbecility, incompetence and an arrogance of Greek tragedy dimensions. As Kabul goes the way of Saigon 1975 and the September 11th sneak attack is commemorated, along with our ongoing racial reckoning, the USA also has a rare golden opportunity for an Imperial Reckoning, a Perestroika in how America – the global busybody – interacts with the rest of the world. # ⚓ The_War_in_Afghanistan_is_Dead._Long_Live_the_War_on Terror!⠀⇛ What does this mean? On one level, it sounds like we’ll keep killing people with drones. That, after all, seems to be the real-life application of “over-the-horizon capability” in the other places that Biden mentioned — Somalia, Syria, Iraq, the Arabian Peninsula. More broadly, however, Biden is assuring us that the “War on Terror” will continue. This has serious implications not only for American foreign policy, but also our society, politics, and legal system. # ⚓ Eight_Key_Points_on_America’s_Defeat_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Still, with all due respect to the photographic parallels with Saigon, the United States’ tail- between-its-legs flight from Afghanistan is different from the previous one in Vietnam. A leftist anti-imperialist (and all serious leftists are anti-imperialists) could welcome the fall of Saigon with little in the way of mixed feelings. The Vietnamese National Liberation Front was a heroic and revolutionary organization fighting a legitimate nationalist struggle against a ruthless Superpower that killed 3 to 5 million Southeast Asians between 1962 and 1975. The defeat of history’s most lethal empire by a small peasant nation’s remarkable resistance movement was one of the most celebration-worthy events of all time. The same goes for the Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. The return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan is different. No leftist worth their claim of commitment to humanistic, egalitarian, and revolutionary ideals like socialism and communism would ever root for reactionary Islamic jihadists who brutally oppress women while slaughtering ordinary civilians and imposing a backwards, fundamentalist, and neo-feudal theology justifying that oppression and slaughter. # ⚓ Afghanistan:_The_Cause_and_Effect_of_9/11⠀⇛ You see them pleading, help me!, take me with you to a better place. Kids we’ve regaled with ironical Che tee shirts and stonewashed Levi jeans, some of them the offspring of soldiers mixing with the local women, who the GIs promised to set free with equality and Western style lovin’. Some of them will return to America with the soldiers, make it out alive with tales of Tali terror, bless their lucky stars and stripes. Local channels will air stories of their plight and desperation and of American heroism.  The Last Desperate Hours. Another Noble Cause. Their children will be given preferential tick boxes when they apply to colleges (you know, like Elizabeth Warren, from the Cherokee nation). We won’t begrudge, publicly. In communities across America, veterans of various wars fought in the last few decades will come together to talk and bring along their ‘trophy’ wives — frauleins, girls from Krakow, girls rescued from melancholy Korea, girls raised from the dust of Somalia, girls from basketcase Bosnia, mail order girls from Russia (I just threw that in), burka-less girls from Afghanistan, looking like peace pipe squaws from the Indian Wars. None of this is a reflection on the soldiers or the girls. We bring our Who We Are with us to foreign lands, wed to our Why We Fight — our bravado (even from punks escaping dead end lives), our materialism (uniforms to die for), our color TVs (to watch our timeless culture preen), our Idealism (lefty ‘progressive’ talk, gagged and tied up, but still handsome, like Warren Beatty in Bulworth), and, yes, the charm of our expressive freedoms. # ⚓ Great_Power_Politics_After_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Commentators from around the world agree that the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the accompanying collapse of the US-backed Afghan government will have long-term strategic consequences. So far, most observers have focused their attention on the rapidity of that government’s downfall and the resulting chaos in Kabul, where thousands of American citizens and former Afghan employees of the United States are struggling to find safe passage out of the country. Many assert that the Biden administration’s failure to anticipate the chaos and plan for an orderly evacuation process has greatly diminished US power and prestige. But these are early days, and such early assessments fail to encompass all potential consequences of America’s Afghan departure. Indeed, a more balanced appraisal might identify significant gains as well as losses in the US pullout. # ⚓ Afghanistan_Women,_Oppressed_Future⠀⇛ # ⚓ 63%_of_US_Veterans_Support_Afghanistan_Withdrawal:_Poll⠀⇛ Survey results released Tuesday show that nearly two-thirds of U.S. veterans support the ongoing withdrawal of American troops from Afghanistan, a finding that came as President Joe Biden reportedly decided to stick with the August 31 exit deadline. “Veterans strongly believe President Biden is right—it is time to go.” # ⚓ Defying_War_Hawks,_Biden_Plans_to_Stick_With_Afghan_Exit Deadline⠀⇛ President Joe Biden reportedly intends to stick with his self-imposed August 31 deadline for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan, rejecting calls for an extension from hawkish GOP lawmakers, members of his own party, and European allies. During a Tuesday call, according to the Wall Street Journal, Biden told the leaders of G7 nations that the U.S. is on track to meet the withdrawal deadline and that the Pentagon is developing contingency plans in the case of any delay. # ⚓ Human_Rights_Watch:_Israel_Bombing_of_Gaza_High-Rises_Are Possible_‘War_Crimes’⠀⇛ Human Rights Watch said Monday that the Israeli military’s May bombings that leveled four high-rise buildings in Gaza were “apparently unlawful” and possibly amount to war crimes. The organization—which noted that those strikes represented “just a small fraction of the Israeli military’s attacks in Gaza” in the May 10 to May 21 fighting—cited in its new analysis a lack of any evidence to back up Israeli authorities’ claims that the buildings were being used by Hamas for military purposes The report also noted the disproportionate harm to civilian property caused by the Israeli attacks. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Five_Ways_the_US_Created_and_Prolonged_the_Afghan Crisis⠀⇛ Media coverage of the Taliban takeover of Kabul would lead most Americans to believe that U.S. involvement in Afghanistan began after 9/11, with the invasion launched to topple the previous Taliban government. But Afghanistan has been at war continuously for forty-two years, and the Pentagon has been involved every step of the way, under both Republican and Democratic administrations.  # ⚓ School_Covid_mask_rules_have_sparked_parent-teacher violence._We_can’t_ignore_it.⠀⇛ A decadeslong drumbeat of negativity about schools from politicians and pundits has led Americans to have a low opinion of them nationally. Even so, the majority of parents have regarded their children’s own schools and teachers highly. This is because they’ve been able to meet and talk with their teachers, hear from their children about them and understand them as professionals and partners invested in their children’s growth — as well as neighbors and human beings. They’ve been able to mostly separate their personal experiences from the national conversations, a distinction in danger of erasure. # ⚓ Why_QAnon_followers_are_like_opioid_addicts,_and_why_that matters⠀⇛ Why would such outlandish conspiracy theories hold sway over these parents and others around the country? One way to comprehend the incomprehensible is to recognize the parallels between QAnon and addictive drugs like opioids — which are also manipulated by malicious actors to trap vulnerable people in increasingly unhealthy spirals that ultimately result in the destruction of families and even death. Recognizing these similarities is helpful in both accurately diagnosing the QAnon phenomenon and trying to treat it. # ⚓ The_Taliban_Want_You_to_Keep_Your_Phone_On⠀⇛ What is concerning is that as effective as the Taliban’s social media strategy has been, it is still awfully clumsy. Remember, they started from zero. When the Taliban ruled Afghanistan, they banned the use of the internet, not to mention television and music. Since then, like savvy military strategists, they adapted to a new terrain. The media environment in Afghanistan has evolved since the days when the country had a single radio station: Now it has over 100 radio stations and dozens of television stations, 70 percent of people have access to a cellphone, and about a third of the population of 38 million is on social media. The Taliban understand that the information war is modern warfare. They are not trying to build a new platform; they’re trying to integrate into and dominate the existing landscape. # ⚓ CIA_head_meets_Taliban_leader_as_fears_for_Afghanistan grow⠀⇛ In the wake of their stunning takeover of Afghanistan, Taliban leaders have promised to restore security and tried to project an image of moderation, but many Afghans are skeptical. U.N. human rights chief Michelle Bachelet added to those concerns Tuesday, warning she had credible reports of “summary executions” and restrictions on women in areas under Taliban control. She urged the Human Rights Council to take “bold and vigorous action” to monitor the rights situation. # ⚓ UN_warns_of_summary_executions_and_restrictions_on_women_in Taliban-controlled_areas⠀⇛ The United Nations human rights chief has warned that she has credible reports of “summary executions” and restrictions on women in areas under Taliban control in Afghanistan, fuelling fears of what their rule might hold a week before United States forces are set to withdraw. Michelle Bachelet urged the Human Rights Council to take “bold and vigorous action” to monitor the rights situation in Afghanistan in the wake of the Taliban’s takeover, as she sought to ensure that international attention on the country does not wane. # ⚓ Security_Council_Press_Statement_on_ISIL/Da’esh⠀⇛ The members of the Security Council noted with deep concern that ISIL (Da’esh) and other terrorist groups continue to exploit, both online and offline, the disruption, grievances and development setbacks linked to the COVID-19 pandemic, as reflected in the thirteenth report of the Secretary-General on the threat posed by ISIL (Da’esh) to international peace and security. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ How_an_Irish_weather_station_decided_D-Day⠀⇛ Climate change and fickle elements can save nations or sink them. Irish weather was crucial to the Allies in June 1944. # ⚓ We_Looked_for_Some_of_the_Hottest_Places_in_California._We Found_Climate_Injustice_in_a_Nutshell.⠀⇛ The first time ProPublica traveled to Thermal, California, in June 2020, the temperature happened to be 114 degrees, and we felt stupefied, literally unable to think. Everyplace, here in the eastern Coachella Valley, looked gorgeous … for 20 minutes at dusk. Nothing was beautiful at midday. The difference between the watered and unwatered fields was disorienting. Standing in the sun among green growing things and standing alone on the gray parched earth felt like the difference between hope and despondence, even terror; between vibrancy and doom. Why Thermal? # ⚓ The_Great_Fear⠀⇛ We are running out of time Time is not with us. I see it daily. I see it in the enormous number of cars and trucks in the street adding a ceaseless stream of greenhouse gases reaching the heavens every day; I see it in the airplanes flying in the dark of night; I see it in the spraying of petrochemical poisons over the nation’s food; I see it over the continuing slaughter of billions of animals for meat. # ⚓ Climate_Chaos_Fueled_Death_and_Destruction_of_Tennessee Floods:_Experts⠀⇛ The extensive damage and nearly two dozen deaths caused by massive flooding in Tennessee over the weekend took some residents by surprise, but as one climate scientist said on Tuesday, such flash flooding is “exactly the type of event we expect to see with increasing frequency in a warming climate.” Dr. Gary Lackmann, a professor of atmospheric science at North Carolina State University, was among the climate experts who determined in the days after the flooding that the disaster was tied to the human-caused climate emergency and the heating of the planet. # ⚓ Central_Banks_Accused_of_‘Dawdling’_on_Climate_as_World Burns⠀⇛ Despite needing to “play a critical role in catalyzing the rapid shift of financial flows away from oil, fossil gas, and coal,” 12 major central banks “have instead tinkered at the edges,” according to a report released Tuesday. “While some central bank executives claim that tackling the climate crisis is beyond their mandates, at the same time they have positively reinforced fossil fuel financing, and even directly financed fossil fuel production.”—Report # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Dirty_Dozen_Central_Banks_Are_Still_Fuelling Climate_Chaos_as_the_World_Burns⠀⇛ Due to our climate emergency, we are leaving an increasingly hostile climate to our children and grand-children. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ BP_Will_Not_Sponsor_Channel_4’s_Paralympics_Coverage After_Backlash⠀⇛ Oil and gas giant BP will not sponsor Channel 4’s primetime coverage of the Paralympic Games, despite initially sharing sponsorship rights equally with Toyota, according to a report released today. The Paralympic Games begin today in Tokyo and run through September 5. The news was welcomed by campaigners as a “sign that sport is starting to step away from its embrace of high-carbon brands and refusing to be a billboard to advertise companies that are fuelling the climate emergency.” Stay up to date with DeSmog news and alerts # ⚓ Oil_Firm_Under_Investigation_for_Corruption_is Contractor_on_Cambo_North_Sea_Project⠀⇛ A firm being investigated on corruption charges and founded by a major Tory donor is a contractor on the proposed Cambo oilfield in the North Sea.  Petrofac, whose co-founder Ayman Asfari has along with his wife donated almost £900,000 to the Conservative Party, is under investigation by the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) for allegedly paying million-pound bribes to secure contracts in nine different countries. Stay up to date with DeSmog news and alerts # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Court_Ruling_on_US_Border_Militarization_Called_‘Win for_Wildlife’⠀⇛ Social and environmental justice advocates welcomed a federal judge’s ruling Monday that two U.S. agencies broke the law by not conducting an analysis of potential ecological harms associated with increased militarization along the U.S.-Mexico border. Monday’s ruling (pdf) found that officials at both the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) violated the National Environmental Policy Act by failing to prepare an updated and detailed environmental impact statement for the U.S.-Mexico border enforcement program. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ U.N._Warns_of_“Humanitarian_Catastrophe”_in Afghanistan_Amid_Political_Turmoil,_Economic_Crisis_& Drought⠀⇛ The United Nations warns Afghanistan is on the brink of a humanitarian catastrophe, as the country faces political upheaval, a worsening economic crisis and a devastating drought. Humanitarian groups are vowing to keep working in Afghanistan following the Taliban takeover, but they are facing new hurdles, from working under Taliban rule to concerns about the international community providing much needed foreign aid to restrictions at the Kabul airport. “Today in Afghanistan, we’re seeing a potential humanitarian catastrophe,” says Isabelle Moussard Carlsen, head of the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Afghanistan. “Half of the population is in need of humanitarian aid.” o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Sanders_Vows_to_Tax_Billionaires_Who_Grew_62%_Richer_During Pandemic⠀⇛ The collective fortune of billionaires in the United States has ballooned by nearly two-thirds during the coronavirus pandemic, and almost none of the $1.8 trillion gained by a few hundred of the nation’s richest people over the past 17 months will be taxed unless Congress enacts progressive tax reforms. That’s according to an analysis released Tuesday by Americans for Tax Fairness (ATF) and the Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), which found the number of billionaires in the U.S. grew from 614 on March 18, 2020 to 708 as of last week. The nation’s billionaires have seen their combined wealth skyrocket by nearly 62% over the past year and a half, from just under $3 trillion to almost $4.8 trillion. # ⚓ Centrists_Lose_Bid_to_Sabotage_Reconciliation_as_House Advances_$3.5T_Bill⠀⇛ # ⚓ Cori_Bush_Blasts_Centrists,_Saying_“Budget_Resolution_Isn’t a_Political_Pawn”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Warehousing_Wealth_in_Donor-Advised_Funds⠀⇛ # ⚓ Anger_Mounts_at_Handful_of_Right-Wing_Dems_Still Threatening_to_Kill_$3.5_Trillion_Plan⠀⇛ Frustration with a small group of conservative House Democrats boiled over Monday as the party failed to reach an agreement to pass a $3.5 trillion budget resolution, a step that would pave the way for major investments in climate action, Medicare expansion, and other key priorities. Led by Rep. Josh Gottheimer (D-N.J.), several right-wing Democrats are threatening to tank the budget resolution unless the House first passes a $550 billion bipartisan infrastructure package. Progressive lawmakers and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) have rejected the group’s proposed approach, fearing that conservative Democrats would be free to vote against the budget measure if it’s decoupled from the bipartisan bill. # ⚓ Pelosi_Runs_Over_Right-Wing_Dems_as_House_Approves_$3.5 Trillion_Budget_Blueprint⠀⇛ In a party-line vote Tuesday afternoon that followed contentious negotiations, U.S. House Democrats adopted a resolution to advance a key voting rights bill, bipartisan infrastructure legislation, and a $3.5 trillion budget blueprint to invest in climate action, Medicare expansion, child care, free community college, and other progressive priorities. The resolution (pdf) set up final votes for the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) and the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act (H.R. 4). It also crucially includes formal approval of the Senate-approved budget blueprint that some Democrats are calling the “Build Back Better Plan,” enabling Democrats to begin working on that package. # ⚓ OnlyFans_Content_Creators_Are_the_Latest_Victims_of Financial_Censorship⠀⇛ OnlyFans is a subscription site that allows artists, performers and other content creators to monetize their creative works—and it has become a go-to platform for independent creators of adult content. The ban on sexually explicit content has been met by an outcry from many creators who have used the platform to safely earn an income in the adult industry. This is just the latest example of censorship by financial intermediaries. Intermediaries have cut off access to financial services for independent booksellers, social networks, adult video websites, and whistleblower websites, regardless of whether those targeted were trading in First Amendment- protected speech. By cutting off these critical services, financial intermediaries force businesses to adhere to their moral and political standards.   It is not surprising that, faced with the choice of losing access to financial services or banning explicit content, OnlyFans would choose its payment processors over its users. For many businesses, losing access to financial services seriously disrupts operations and may have existential consequences.  # ⚓ What_exactly_is_OnlyFans_banning?⠀⇛ OnlyFans, a British company that took off during the pandemic, amassed 130 million users, and generated $2 billion in sales in 2020, has not yet explained why it decided to ditch porn in detail, instead blaming it on ambiguous pressure from financial firms. An OnlyFans spokesperson told Quartz the move was made “to comply with the requests of our banking partners and payout providers.” # ⚓ OnlyFans_CEO_on_why_it_banned_adult_content:_‘the_short answer_is_banks’⠀⇛ Stokely named three major banks that refused service because of “reputational risk” associated with the UK-based OnlyFans’ sexual material: Bank of New York Mellon, Metro Bank, an JPMorgan Chase. He said BNY Mellon specifically had “flagged and rejected” every wire transaction involving OnlyFans, threatening its ability to pay creators. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Centrists_Who_Obstruct_the_Budget_May_“Sabotage”_Democrats’ Agenda⠀⇛ Representative Ro Khanna would have written an even bolder congressional budget, but the Californian is satisfied that progressives have put their imprint on the document. # ⚓ Committee_Seeks_Jan._6_Phone_Records_of_Lawmakers_With Possible_Ties_to_Attack⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Centrist_Who_Taught_the_Left⠀⇛ Toward the end of the 2020 presidential primary, Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren were vying for control of the progressive lane to the Democratic nomination, and the tensions between their two camps were growing. When Warren dropped out on March 5, she declined to endorse her fellow senator. Adam Jentleson, a longtime hand in Democratic circles who was close to Warren, explained to The New York Times the key difference between the candidates: “She values the Democratic Party. She thinks it has flaws but is overall a force for good.”1 # ⚓ Making_Rahm_Emanuel_Ambassador_to_Japan_Would_Be_a_Sick Joke⠀⇛ If it weren’t such an insult, the nomination of Rahm Emanuel to be this country’s ambassador to Japan would seem like a perverse backroom joke. Send the foul-mouthed, sharp-elbowed, impudent prima donna to ruffle the feathers of the proper and mannered Japanese officialdom. Bets will soon be taken on how long it takes Rahm, for whom “fucking” serves as adjective, adverb, verb, and noun, to issue his first formal apology. # ⚓ Will_Senate_Democrats_Stoop_to_Confirming_Rahm_Emanuel_as Ambassador?⠀⇛ The White House described Emanuel as having “a distinguished career in public service,” but several progressive Democrats in Congress quickly went on the attack. “This is a travesty,” Rep. Mondaire Jones tweeted. “Senators of good conscience must not vote to confirm him.” Another African-American representative, Cori Bush, said that Emanuel “must be disqualified from ever holding an appointed position in any administration. Call your Senator and urge them to vote NO.” The response from Rep. Rashida Tlaib was pointed: “If you believe Black lives indeed matter, then the Senate must reject his appointment immediately.” Tlaib accompanied her tweet with a link to an article that The Nation magazine published in the fall of 2018, when Emanuel was nearing the end of his eight years as Chicago’s mayor, with this sum-up: “The outgoing mayor’s legacy will be defined by austerity, privatization, displacement, gun violence, and police brutality.” # ⚓ Ex-Weather_Underground_Member_David_Gilbert_Is_Granted Clemency_by_Cuomo⠀⇛ # ⚓ David_Gilbert,_Ex-Weather_Underground_Member,_Granted Clemency_by_Cuomo._Will_Parole_Board_Free_Him?⠀⇛ Outgoing New York Governor Andrew Cuomo used his final hours in office to grant clemency to six men, including former Weather Underground member David Gilbert, who was sentenced to 75 years to life in prison for his role in a 1981 robbery of an armored truck that left a security guard and two police officers dead. Gilbert, who is 76 years old and has been incarcerated for four decades, will now be able to apply for parole. “Now it’s a matter of hoping that the parole board will do the right thing,” says Steve Zeidman, Gilbert’s lawyer, who also represents four of the other men granted clemency. “They recognize the harm, the trauma and the grief that their actions caused. … They have done everything a human being can do to repair and atone while inside.” Zeidman and other advocates are still pushing for the release of hundreds of others, saying “the list is eternal.” # ⚓ Voting_Rights_Groups_Launch_Civil_Disobedience_Campaign_at the_White_House_Urging_End_to_Filibuster⠀⇛ With the Democratic-led House of Representatives expected to pass the John Lewis Voting Rights Act, pressure is growing on the Biden administration and Senate Democrats to abolish the filibuster, without which new voting rights legislation and other Democratic priorities have no hope of passing the Senate. We speak with Ben Jealous, president of People for the American Way and former president of the NAACP, as voting rights groups protest in front of the White House. Jealous says the action is intended to “up the pressure on Biden” to call on the Senate to get rid of the filibuster. “The filibuster was the insulator of Jim Crow. It is an accident of legislative history. It’s not part of the Constitution in any way,” Jealous says. # ⚓ Opinion_|_I’m_a_Senior_and_I’m_Voting_No_on_the_California Recall_Election⠀⇛ I am 72 years of age. I have lived in California most of my life. And I am urging every California senior to vote NO on the recall of Governor Gavin Newsom. The following will tell the reader why I am voting no on the recall. We will also review who is behind it. # ⚓ ‘Incredible_News’_as_NC_Court_Restores_Voting_Rights_to 55,000_Formerly_Incarcerated_People⠀⇛ Voting rights advocates in North Carolina on Tuesday applauded a ruling by a panel of three state Superior Court judges for taking “the first step” in restoring justice to tens of thousands of formerly incarcerated people convicted of felonies in the state.  “If the North Carolina courts are expanding voting rights by removing felony disenfranchisement, I can’t imagine they will allow a Republican gerrymander.”—Michael McDonald, University of Florida # ⚓ Evaluating_two_years_of_digital-ready_legislation_in Denmark⠀⇛ Since 2018 it has been required that new legislation presented before the Danish parliament is digital-ready. This means shaping the rules in compliance with principles encouraging the use of data, digital solutions and new technologies, while emphasizing trust and transparency. Moreover, an impact assessment on the digital consequences of implementation has to accompany every new legislative draft. All together the aim is to ensure an efficient and coherent digital public administration. # ⚓ Experts:_False_claims_on_voting_machines_obscure_real flaws⠀⇛ As an election security researcher, it’s been frustrating to watch the proliferation of misinformation, said Matt Blaze, a professor of computer science and law at Georgetown University. For years, he said, concerns raised by election security experts were dismissed as unimportant. “All of a sudden, people are going the other way, saying the existence of a flaw not only is something that should be fixed, it means the election was actually stolen,” he said. “That’s not true either.” David Cross is an attorney for plaintiffs in a long-running lawsuit filed by proponents of hand- marked paper ballots. His clients’ concerns about Georgia’s electronic voting machines long preceded the 2020 election, but he says they’re now grappling with how to expose vulnerabilities and advocate for changes without fueling conspiracy theories. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Appeals_Court_Shuts_Down_Kansas’_30-Year-Old_Ag_Gag_Law⠀⇛ Another “ag gag” law has been shown the door by the courts. The Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals has declared Kansas’ “Farm Animal and Field Crop and Research Facilities Protection Act” (whew!) nothing more than a bunch of First Amendment violations trying to present themselves as a legitimate restriction on access to agricultural facilities. (via Courthouse News Service) # ⚓ Ag-Gag_Laws_Suppressing_Whistleblowers_Experience_Defeat_As Iowa_Expands_Law_To_Target_Video_Recording⠀⇛ This article was funded by paid subscribers of The Dissenter, a project of Shadowproof. Become a paid subscriber and help us expand our coverage of whistleblower stories. Laws intended to suppress journalism, whistleblowing, and speech on the food and agriculture industry continue to experience defeats in the United States court system.Known as “ag-gag” laws, the Tenth Circuit Court Of Appeals ruled [PDF] against the ag-gag law in Kansas, which became the first state to pass such a law in 1990.The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled [PDF] on August 9 that a coalition of organizations proved they could be targeted by the ag-gag law in Arkansas and may proceed with their lawsuit. It also ruled [PDF] on August 10 that Iowa’s 2012 ag- gag law was partly unconstitutional.In all three states, the Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF) was one of the plaintiffs challenging the manner in which these laws threaten freedom of speech under the First Amendment.“Kansas has hindered the ability of whistleblowers to expose inhumane conditions associated with factory farms for more than three decades while infringing on First Amendment rights,” ALDF executive director Stephen Wells declared. “The Tenth Circuit’s decision is a victory for animals throughout the state, who are forced into industrial animal agriculture and suffer in secret behind closed doors.”According to ALDF, “Kansas is a major agricultural producer with the third-most cows of any state, and until being struck down, its ag-gag law had successfully prevented whistleblowers from investigating the conditions that millions of pigs, cows, and chickens endure.”Tip Jar # ⚓ [Old] Nick_Kristof_and_the_Holy_War_on_Pornhub⠀⇛ That’s the same reason people might want to support a campaign like Traffickinghub, or approvingly share the latest Kristof story. Yet as Kristof has framed the problem, and as he has aided, however unwittingly, in obscuring the religious and political backdrop to Exodus Cry’s intervention, readers won’t know what they are signing up for when they sign up to support Traffickinghub. Shortly before Kristof’s story appeared, Melissa McCarthy had to apologize and withdraw a donation she had pledged (in partnership with HBO Max) to Traffickinghub, when she found out they had links to anti-abortion and anti-LGBTQ groups. Traffickinghub cried foul and again tried to spin the situation (“Exodus Cry Receives a Flood of Support after Melissa McCarthy Cancels Donation”). o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Congressional_Lawmaker_Give_Up_Attempt_To_Dump_Qualified Immunity_In_Police_Reform_Efforts⠀⇛ The judicial construct known as qualified immunity will continue to make it harder for people to obtain redress for rights violations… at least for the time being. While there has been a more sustained movement to reform law enforcement across the nation, thanks to cops doing the sort of stuff they’ve been doing for decades, qualified immunity seems particularly bulletproof. # ⚓ Don’t_Just_“Close”_Prisons_—_Demolish_Them_and_Reinvest Their_Funding⠀⇛ # ⚓ Washington_State_Supreme_Court_Says_$547_Fine_Imposed_On_A Homeless_Man_Violates_The_Constitution⠀⇛ It seems all but impossible to completely do away with civil asset forfeiture, but advances are being made around the country. Criminal asset forfeiture remains a thing — one that’s rarely troubled by reform legislation. But it can be just as absurd, even if it comes with an adjacent or attached criminal conviction. # ⚓ The_Fictions_of_Onaqui_Expose_Fatal_Flaws_in_the_BLM’s_Wild Horse_Round_Ups⠀⇛ Under the Wild and Free-roaming Horses and Burros Act, the Bureau of Land Management is required to manage wild horse populations to maintain a “thriving natural ecological balance.” For each wild horse population, the agency sets Appropriate Management Levels (AMLs) to meet this goal, levels which the National Academy of Sciences has found have no basis in science. Instead, the agency sets AMLs arbitrarily, typically prioritizing the agency’s preference to have domestic cattle and sheep trucked into wild horse HMAs to compete with the horses. At Onaqui, the Bureau claimed that wild horses were “overpopulated” with an agency-estimated 474 adults in Spring of 2021. According to Bureau’s formula, one wild horse grazing for one month is one Animal Unit Month (AUM), equivalent to one cow-calf pair or five domestic sheep grazing public lands for one month. The 474 Onaqui horses totaled 5,688 AUMs year-round. Meanwhile, the Bureau simultaneously authorized domestic livestock totaling 19,592 AUMs – the equivalent of 1,633 wild horses – on the Onaqui Mountain HMA. In other words, the Bureau authorized over three times as many livestock as there were horses on the range, but then claimed that it was the horses that were overpopulated. # ⚓ California_accuses_Activision_Blizzard_of_‘withholding_and suppressing_evidence’⠀⇛ In a new section of the complaint, the DFEH says Activision Blizzard is encouraging employees to talk to attorneys at the WilmerHale law firm instead of state investigators — and then denying the state access to that evidence because the conversations were confidential. Activision Blizzard had already been criticized by both a company shareholder and the press for hiring WilmerHale, a noted union-busting law firm that reportedly helped Amazon initially defeat its workers’ efforts to organize in Alabama. # ⚓ She_was_forced_to_wed_at_13._Now_she’s_helped_make_child marriage_illegal_in_N.Y.⠀⇛ The practice is technically still legal in 44 U.S. states, as most allow marriage before 18. Cuomo signed legislation in New York in 2017 that raised the age of consent to marry from 14 to 18, but 17- year-olds could be married with parental and judicial consent. Amin, an activist, founded the Naila Amin Foundation to help victims of child marriage and has been pushing U.S. states to end it for years. In 2018, she helped New Jersey raise the minimum marriage age to 18, making it the second state to do so. # ⚓ Chicago’s_ShotSpotter_System_Deemed_an_Ineffective_Tool_for Gun-Related_Crime:_Watchdog⠀⇛ The inspector general’s office found that between January 1, 2020, and May 31 of this year, actual evidence of a gun-related crime was found in only about 4,500 instances, or 9 percent, of 50,000-plus ShotSpotter alerts. # ⚓ Chicago_Inspector_General:_Police_Use_ShotSpotter_to Justify_Illegal_Stop-and-Frisks⠀⇛ Even worse, the OIG report finds a pattern of CPD officers detaining and frisking civilians—a dangerous and humiliating intrusion on bodily autonomy and freedom of movement—based at least in part on “aggregate results of the ShotSpotter system.” This is police harassment of Chicago’s already over-policed Black community, and the erosion of the presumption of innocence for people who live in areas where ShotSpotter sensors are active. This finding is based on the OIG’s qualitative analysis of a random sample of officer- written investigatory stop reports (ISRs). The scathing report comes just days after the AP reported that a 65-year-old Chicago man named Michael Williams was held for 11 months in pre- trial detention based on scant evidence produced by ShotSpotter. Williams’ case was dismissed two months after his defense attorney subpoenaed ShotSpotter. This and another recent report also show how ShotSpotter company officials have changed the projected location and designation of supposed gun shots in a way that makes them more consistent with police narratives. There are more reasons why EFF opposes police use of ShotSpotter. The technology is all too often over-deployed in majority Black and Latinx neighborhoods. Also, people in public places—for example, having a quiet conversation on a deserted street—are often entitled to a reasonable expectation of privacy, without microphones unexpectedly recording their conversations. But in at least two criminal trials, one in Massachusetts and one in California, prosecutors tried to introduce audio of voices from these high-powered microphones. In the California case, People v. Johnson, the court admitted it into evidence. In the Massachusetts case, Commonwealth v. Denison, the court did not, ruling that a recording of “oral communication” is prohibited “interception” under the Massachusetts Wiretap Act. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Waste_Watch:_UK_Enacts_Right_to_Repair_Rules⠀⇛ With all that’s been happening in the world, I missed that the UK enacted new right to repair rules, effective for products purchased from 1 July onwards. This is part of a broader trend. In March, the European Union implemented similar rules (see Waste Watch: Europeans Get Right to Repair for Some Consumer Electrical Goods, While John Deere Reneges on Promise to U.S. Farmers to Make Diagnostic Software Freely Available). In July, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, under the leadership of new chair Lina Khan, voted 5-0 to adopt a new enforcement policy regarding right to repair restrictions (see, FTC Votes 5-0 to Crack Down on Companies For Thwarting Right to Repair). o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Cable’s_US_Broadband_Monopoly_Continues_To_Grow⠀⇛ We’ve noted a few times how US regulators often simply refuse to acknowledge that the US broadband sector is heavily monopolized. Regional cable and phone monopolies are the number one reason US broadband is patchy, expensive, and slow with routinely terrible customer service. But when you see folks in both parties discuss US broadband, industry dysfunction is always framed in this extremely nebulous way (we must “fix the digital divide!”). Largely because nobody in government wants to offend deep-pocketed campaign contributors also bone grafted to our domestic surveillance apparatus. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Doctors_Without_Borders_to_Pfizer:_Share_Vaccine Recipe_With_the_World⠀⇛ Following U.S. regulators’ decision to grant full approval to Pfizer-BioNTech’s coronavirus vaccine on Monday, the global humanitarian group Doctors Without Borders urged the Biden administration to push the pharmaceutical giants to share their technology with manufacturers in Africa and other regions that are ready to start mass- producing doses. “The U.S. government must immediately urge Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna to share the Covid-19 mRNA vaccine technology and know- how.”—Dr. Carrie Teicher, Doctors Without Borders # ⚓ Doctors_Without_Borders:_U.S._Should_Force_Pfizer_to Share_COVID_Vaccine_Technology_with_Africa⠀⇛ In response to the Food and Drug Administration’s full authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for U.S. residents aged 16 and over, Doctors Without Borders is calling on Pfizer-BioNTech to immediately share the vaccine technology with manufacturers on the African continent, where less than 2% of the population is fully vaccinated. Dr. Manuel Martin, a policy adviser at Doctors Without Borders, says it’s “regrettable but understandable” for rich countries to limit how many doses they export abroad, but “it’s completely unacceptable for countries to refuse to share the technology.” He also says rich countries should hold off on offering third booster shots to their populations while so many around the world are still waiting for their initial doses. “In the face of scientific uncertainty and given the historical vaccine inequity, I think really what should be prioritized is getting vaccinations to low- and middle- income countries and sharing the vaccine technologies.” # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ I_turned_on_CSP_and_all_I_got_was_this_crappy lawsuit!⠀⇛ Yes, you did read that right. It turns out that enabling CSP on your website, specifically CSP nonces, is enough for you to get threatening letters about patent infringement! I’ve heard of people getting in trouble for some pretty absurd things, but turning on a security feature built into a web browser, well that’s top of the list. # ⚓ EA_is_opening_the_patents_for_some_of_its accessibility_tech⠀⇛ Electronic Arts is pledging to open the patents for some of its accessibility- related tech, including the much- celebrated Apex Legends ping system, the company announced today. EA says it won’t file infringement lawsuits against people or companies for using tech that falls under patents listed in the pledge. The ping system in Apex Legends, which allows people to play the team-based game without hearing or speaking, has been praised both as an impressive alternative to voice chat and as a great accessibility feature for players with a variety of disabilities. A patent that covers the system (US 11,097,189) was issued the same day as EA’s announcement of the pledge. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Towards_the_national_transpositions_of_the_DSM Directive:_various_techniques_to_…_do_as_you_please⠀⇛ This said, based on what is already available, it is apparent that the provisions that the EU legislature adopted in 2019 to establish a ‘Digital Single Market’ will be implemented in different – if not altogether creative – ways across the EU. It is true that there are provisions in the Directive that leave Member States significant discretion. Such discretion ranges from the very option to do something in the first place to shaping the actual content of rights and rules. An example of the former is the possibility, under Article 12, to provide for collective licensing with an extended effect. Examples of the latter are the articles on authors’ and performers’ contracts (Articles 18 to 23). This said, there are also provisions in the Directive that do not openly envisage such broad discretion. Yet, where draft or adopted transposition laws have been issued, also in respect of those, Member States have been moving in different directions. This, in part, is due to the objective ambiguity of some of the Directive’s provisions or part thereof. In more significant part, however, this attitude is linked to a misplaced idea of great freedom enjoyed by national legislatures. # ⚓ European_Union:_Advocate_General_Opines_That_Article 17_Of_Copyright_In_The_Digital_Single_Market_Directive_ (2019/790/EU)_Is_Compatible_With_Freedom_Of_Expression Rules_Under_Charter_Of_Fundamental_Rights⠀⇛ In the Polish challenge to Article 17, the CJEU is being asked to assess whether imposing the prevention (which invariably requires the use of content recognition tools) (Article 17(4)(b)) and staydown (Article 17(4)(c) obligations on online intermediary service providers is compatible with Article 11 of the Charter. # ⚓ [Old] Advocat_General_dismisses_Poland’s_challenge_to Copyright_Directive⠀⇛ Advocate General Henrik Saugmandsgaard Øe put forth his legal opinion on Thursday (15 July), rejecting Poland’s case against Article 17 of the Copyright Directive, but with some important caveats on how to make the use of automated content recognition tools compatible with the fundamental right to freedom of expression. The opinion of the Advocate General, who acts as a legal adviser for the Court of Justice of the European Union, is not binding but is often indicative of the Court’s final ruling. # ⚓ Fake_‘U.S._Copyright_Office’_Sends_Takedown_Notices to_Google⠀⇛ Google has received several takedown notices that claim to come from the ‘U.S. Copyright Office’, requesting the search engine to remove ‘problematic’ URLs. The Government body, which is generally not involved in copyright enforcement, informs TorrentFreak that it has nothing to do with these notices. Unfortunately, Google didn’t immediately spot the imposter. # ⚓ After_Being_Sued_By_ACE,_Nitro_IPTV_Now_Faces_a_New DISH_Network_Lawsuit⠀⇛ In 2020, pirate IPTV service Nitro TV was sued by members of the Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment for millions in copyright infringement damages. A year later the operators of Nitro have now been hit with a new lawsuit filed by DISH Network, which alleges violations of the DMCA’s anti- circumvention provisions and breaches of the Federal Communications Act. # ⚓ Sony_Takes_Down_Leaked_Unfinished_Spider-Man_Trailer, Releases_Finished_One_Days_Later⠀⇛ We’ve talked plenty of times in the past about instances in which publishers of content, typically movies, get copyright takedowns performed on trailers. These takedowns are, frankly, never a great idea, but they are particularly stupid when companies like Marvel, Disney, and Warner Bros. takedown trailers, otherwise known as advertisements, and then release an identical or nearly identical trailer days later. What in the actual hell is the point of that? Killing off your own word of mouth and free advertising for your film? # ⚓ Techdirt_Podcast_Episode_295:_What_Oracle/Google Means_For_Copyright_And_Interoperability⠀⇛ We’ve written a lot about the Oracle/Google case over API copyrights as it wound its way through the courts, but the Supreme Court ruling has such widespread implications that there is still plenty to unpack. This week, we’re joined by two top experts on intellectual property — Berkeley Law’s Pamela Samuelson and Stanford Law’s Mark Lemley, who recently co-wrote a paper on the subject — to discuss in detail what impact this landmark case has on copyright and interoperability. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6983 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 93 seconds to (re)generate ⟲