𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, August 26, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 27 Aug 02:40:05 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmUBS5HzGuXErkfDwpHxMKeu8if7jt5YH6ph1UrqNMz1B4 QmSWfDrRGYcLy39sAw1ufjzyZqmJSUhgxqCS1mGSB3cgvL QmNxGTwQ4Jqei88THW4dMGEZoRKbJsm6pBPtpAahou3GQi QmXBU6oKqgN1Lsd8vCX9iBHiUi66fm8iL3uXsJgyh4LH33 QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR QmSkz4YGj3vTuC8Q6t7fPmQkSbvtThba65AHUjyotSbHLW QmWZ187KL1KiuWZ2T69aUFqaDmvDMVo7e6ALsQCK58yNP1 QmY1VJmnrgnvD1UeZntn4kd7Q7Jkehp6eqZHBkGEiqnTdi QmaFyToU47jF5UkU2CTtva1HKGz8X6fJ9MiRnoN9EVF2PR QmfBw8KjEL4jUBLnCDfDMTME9vkCdKPKjn6wFninkuMEkV QmPdYmkA2hjyfyb9e14JCR2pZHcisLHLdZcWJARrrMyhgf Qmb89E6YUPLiH43tv6JNBD4QzFumg2nk2gABmYEbbPv2KP QmXVwu1HjvyJZ3HSFKoFGkBp26Y9G8sfvY6NBAe4KoK6Kp QmTLQpRMfp5Xuv2kMCWwSjxTme9kskdKXqZpqfxd5zsmov QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV QmYGEn3vvtL9MNwJ6i1VEHszMRzevprL1qcHGvx2WA4383 QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ QmZUUdzxkRTs82iUy2v4eYvj82bQspLfqR1XFp3uBCrVP6 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Some Site Statistics | Techrights ⦿ Finland Corruption Levels Aren’t What They Seem (or Perceived to Be) | Techrights ⦿ Part 5 Teaser: Enäjärvi Caught | Techrights ⦿ The Media Tells Us That ’Linux’ is the Danger While Many Patients Die From Microsoft Windows | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Finnishing Off the European Patent Convention (EPC) | Techrights ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part IV – Martti Enäjärvi and His “Good Brother” Networks | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, August 25, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ So-called ’IP’ Statistics for the Baltic States Reveal Very Few Patents | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Only the ’Very Best People’ for the Finnish Public Sector | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/2021-techrights-site-statistics/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/above-the-law-in-finland/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/baltic-part-5-teaser/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/distracting-from-disasters-of-microsoft/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/european-patent-convention-finished/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/finland-good-brother-networks/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/irc-log-250821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/official-statistics-baltic-patents/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/very-best-people-for-prh/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/another-windows-catastrophe/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/apps-for-gnome/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 72 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/2021-techrights-site-statistics/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/2021-techrights-site-statistics/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Some_Site_Statistics⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 6:59 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Direct Summary: A few numbers of interest, broken down by protocol Owing to videos (for the most part), Techrights nowadays sends a lot of packets — something between 1-3 TB of traffic a week, depending on the week. That’s for HTTP/S alone. IPFS is about 80 GB a month for the origin node (where the originals come from, not the distributed copies/mirrors) and Gemini serves close to a quarter million pages a month (a lot less than HTTP/S with 10-20 million a month, depending on the month). In terms of number of blog posts, we’re fast leaping towards a total of 32,000 (31,000 was_a_month_ago and now we’re at 31,261 already), probably to be reached some times before the end of the year; Techrights isn’t the work of one person but of many people working collaboratively, many of them anonymously too (for reasons that are understandable). Much of the interaction is done on our self-hosted IRC network, whereas some needs to be done over encrypted channels. Our self-hosted IRC_network continues to grow, with a maximum number of 61 simultaneous users already. All logs are shredded for good, permanenly, after less than a month. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 115 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/above-the-law-in-finland/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/above-the-law-in-finland/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Finland_Corruption_Levels_Aren’t_What_They_Seem_(or_Perceived_to_Be)⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:54 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 9c1516d50d84c7705c455675783d9215 http://techrights.org/videos/finland-corruption.webm 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Above the law in Finland⦈ Summary: Perceived corruption in Finland may be relatively low, but that’s because it is difficult to spot (for an outside observer); as we shall show in this series, nepotism is a big problem and law enforcement/authorities engage in selective enforcement (benefiting the well-connected individuals) This video regarding part_3_of_the_series speaks about the history of the region, which I last studied earlier this year (my understanding is that in terms of language and ethnicity there’s still some overlap with Russia, albeit Swedish or English — not Russian — are the second languages in Finland, tourism notwithstanding). I speak about the role of Finland in pushing for European software_patents, notably through Nokia (we’ve been covering this for many years, going back to the Symbian days). The video doesn’t just read through part 3 (parroting text would be pointless). It prepares us for “The Besieged Baltic States – Part IV” — the next part among ~20 in total — which is due to be published within a day or less. It will help show the level of covert or low-key corruption and nepotism in Helsinki. Like in many other parts of the world, the political sphere reserves its powerful roles to people of blind loyalty, not jacks of all trades, and this, in turn, derails countries. That’s also how_Nokia_was_fatally_injured_after_the_arrival_of_a_mole_from_Microsoft. Diligence and devotion to party politics (or cliques/cult) aren’t the same as patriotism. Irrational adherence — even at the expense at the law — can be detrimental to nations, companies, and scientists. The corrosive effect we observed at Nokia is, at the very least, a cautionary tale. “Criminals tend to gravitate towards other criminals because they’re a lot less likely to turn each other in or send tips/leads to cops.”We keep reminding readers that the goal isn’t to ‘bash’ Finland but to highlight the background and the context of EPO abuses by Benoît_Battistelli, whose abuses are covered up and further_extended by his French-Portuguese pal, António_Campinos. Criminals tend to gravitate towards other criminals because they’re a lot less likely to turn each other in or send tips/leads to cops. And in corrupt nations the cops might not do much anyway; police chiefs and justice officials can themselves be the aggressive criminals, as we_recently_saw_in_North_Macedonia. As George Carlin famously put it: “It’s_a_big_club_and_you_ain’t_in_it” (Invidious_link). █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢠⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⢛⣛⣛⢛⣉⣉⢀⣁⣀⣀⠐⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠃⠀⠀⠀⢨⡇⢸⡇⠸⠀⠀⠀⣥ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⡀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡏⣿⢸⣧⣿⢸⡇⣿⣾⡏⣿⣯⠀⢸⣿⣅⣿⣿⠸⣷⣍⠈⣿⡏⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢨⣇⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠸⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣛⡃⠀⠸⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⣿⣧⡄⢸⣿⢸⡗⣿⡰⣦⣿⠂⣿⡇⠀⠀⡆⠀⢸⠀⠀⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠠⣗⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠃⠀⠀⠛⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣳⣷⣤⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⡄⠀⠀⢀⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡇⠀⠸⠂⠀⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⡗⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢙⡛⣻⣘⣿⠈⠛⠇⠀⠀⠙⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡀⡅⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⡀⠀⣢⠀⡇⠁⠘⡀⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠠⡇⠀⣻⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣧⣭⣯⣀⠺⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢅⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠂⠸⡤⢠⠁⠀⡇⠈⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⠀⢽⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⠀⠀⣮⣼⣝⡻⠿⠉⠈⡄⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠈⢿⠼⡃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠘⡇⠀⠀⢀⣏⠀⢀⠨⠀⠀⠀⡌⠨⠀⡆⠐⢷⣸⠀⠀⡖⠄⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠐⡼⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣷⣤⣶⣿⣧⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⢀⣘⣃⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡔⡇⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠰⠀⢠⢸⢂⠊⠀⠀⠀⣻⢼⠀⠀⣧⠃⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⠰⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠈⡀⠀⣽⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢧⣜⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣾⡄⣿⠀⢀⡀⠀⢠⠑⣧⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢶⣀⣰⣶⣾⣷⡄⢠⠀⢠⡄⣴⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢰⡆⣶⣷⣦⣤⣾⣸⣿⣷⡆⣰⣇⢠⢰⣄⣼⠀⢰⠄⢰⣾⣾⠀⣻⢀⣿⠠⠐⢆⠀⣺⣧⢩⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡍⠉⠉⣿⣿⡿⠋⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠀⢸⡇⣿⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣽⣟⢸⡼⢩⣿⠀⣆⠈⣾⣸⣾⠆⣸⠀⣼⠀⠀⠈⠀⢼⣧⡞⢀⡄⠇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⣀⣠⣤⣼⡿⠂⠀⢀⣿⣷⣤⣴⣿⣿⣷⠹⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡈⣼⡇⣿⠀⠀⢸⡇⠂⠀⢠⣿⡄⠨⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⢸⠦⠁⣿⠀⡅⠀⡊⣿⣿⠂⣸⠀⣿⠀⢀⠀⠐⢸⡧⣽⠆⠀⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣹⣥⣙⠂⠘⠚⠗⡠⠀⢸⡿⡃⠘⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣰⡟⣻⠸⣈⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠛⡇⣿⡗⣿⠀⢻⡄⢈⠃⠀⢸⢇⡿⢢⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⡐⣰⣈⣹⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣵⣶⣤⣤⣴⣿⣄⢸⣷⣷⣦⣥⣯⣡⢻⠃⠀⠙⠛⠛⠘⠱⠍⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠄⣤⣀⠁⣿⡿⣿⡌⣹⠇⠌⠦⠀⣨⡦⡩⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⣄⡀⠀⠈⠙⡽⣹⣿⡟⣻⢏⢺⡃⢾⠁⠄⠁⠐⢸⡏⡷⠿⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⢓⢾⣑⣤⢤⢀⠈⠄⠀⠰⣋⠉⣻⠀⠀⠀⢹⠷⢞⢟⣿⡥⢸⡧⢹⡆⡇⠀⠄⢘⡏⠗⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠾⢸⠴⠔⠉⢀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠈⢉⡁⢀⣀⢀⢠⡃⣄⠑⠟⠙⠠⣇⢹⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⡇⡀⠃⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣭⣀⣶⣶⣾⡾⠉⠍⠀⠛⢂⣾⠜⣭⣴⢏⣺⣚⡍⣠⠋⡓⣆⠡⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠈⣆⡆⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⢁⡱⠸⠹⣿⣽⣿⣿⡿⣿⣧⡤⢛⠛⣛⡋⠥⠈⠀⠀⣬⣢⡠⡝⡏⣭⣧⣫⡵⢻⠒⣫⢏⣙⣱⣔⡔⡸⡀⡈⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣉⡀⠀⠈⡿⠦⠁⠁⠀⠈⠙⢯⡿⠋⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⡀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠑⠋⠋⣣⠓⠃⠻⠋⠊⢁⠒⡃⠏⡨⢽⠑⠏⢁⢈⠀⠀⠀⠁⡨⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣧⣤⣶⣶⣴⣦⣾⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⡀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⣭⣭⢩⡝⡏⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⢩⡍⣭⢹⢫⣭⡙⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣲⡆⣷⣸⡖⣤⢄⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣾⡇⡇⣿⠶⣿⡇⣿⣾⡇⣿⠸⣼⢻⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠇⠘⠀⠁⠈⠀⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠿⠿⠿⠿⢇⣇⠿⣠⠿⠧⠿⠻⠇⠿⠶⠿⠹⠧⠿⡸⠿⠿⠷⢿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⢟⣩⢀⢠⡄⢰⠀⡴⢠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣶⢼⣶⣼ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 209 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/baltic-part-5-teaser/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/baltic-part-5-teaser/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Part_5_Teaser:_Enäjärvi_Caught⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:25 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sorry,_I_got_snowed_in_by_bills_-_Enäjärvi_(PRH)_on Financial_Fraud;_lol,_real_sorry⦈_ Summary: In Part V, which shall be published about a day from now, we’ll discuss the conviction of Benoît_Battistelli‘s ‘Baltic coordinator’ for the EPO (the “doyen” in the northern region, assembling votes for the Napoleonic dictator) Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the Finnish_“Facilitator” 4. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IV_–_Martti_Enäjärvi_and His_“Good_Brother”_Networks ⠀⢀⣀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣄⠦⠘⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠻⣷⡄⢿⡆⠀⣄⡀⠈⠓⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢸⣿⡏⣀⣀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡷⢐⣷⡄⣳⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⣠⣿⣿⡞⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠃⠀⠊⣉⣥⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⠃⠀⠀⠙⣯⡈⢿⣟⣭⡀⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⠾⠿⠛⣤⠀⠀⢴⡌⠉⠀⠈⢹⣷⣽⣧⠀⠆⠀⣳⣦⡀⣤⣠⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⣿⣿⡇⢾⣿⡿⣿⠟⢋⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⡏⡎⣛⣛⢱⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠻⠟⠰⠿⣁⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⢠⣤⣼⣿⣶⠈⠁⠀⠰⡄⠀⠈⢿⡇⠀⣶⠀⠉⡛⣿⣿⣻⡧⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⣿⣿⡿⢿⠏⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⣿⣸⢸⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠐⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⣿⢟⡁⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠷⣮⣵⣾⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣤⠼⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⠋⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢰⡶⣴⣲⠱⣶⡆⡇⠉⣖⠆⣶⣶⢰⡶⣶⠶⣆⡆⣿⣿⠁⣾⣿⡿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⠻⣿⡆⠻⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡸⢇⡻⠼⡸⠿⠇⠇⣄⠮⢗⠻⠟⡸⢇⠿⡀⣿⢇⡿⢃⡌⠙⡿⠀⠀⠀⠠⢾⣿⠿⠿⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠹⠿⠋⠻⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⡀⢹⣧⡀⠛⠙⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠋⠀⠘⠓⠐⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢠⣥⣴⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡙⠲⣄⠉⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢛⠻⠿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡇⠀⠘⢿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀⠰⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠆⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣠⣤⣼⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⢀⣤⠄⢰⣶⣶⣴⣿⣿⣦⠀⠉⠃⠀⢤⠀⠸⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢥⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠏⣰⡟⠉⡿⢂⣴⣶⣶⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢿⣧⠀⢼⣿⣿⣟⣿⣾⣿ ⡿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⡼⢀⣬⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠘⠹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣼⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⣺⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡧⠀⠀⣿⣿⣟⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⡼⢿⡆⠀⠈⢉⠀⢰⡿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⢙⡿⠁⣼⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣤⣤⣾⣿⡿⠃⣀⣥⣄⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⢀⣿⠿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣄⣴⣾⣶⣦⡄⠀⠀⠘⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠤⠴⠟⠀⠟⠋⠁⠁⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣿⡿⢈⣿⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⢸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣶⣶⣶⣠⣤⣠⣴⣶⠞⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣛⣿⣿⣿⣖⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⣿⣾⠋⣀⡆⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⠿⠁⣶⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠤⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣡⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢠⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⢻⣿⣧⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠈⠉⢹⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠸⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠩⠄⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠹⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⣿⣿⣻⣿⢫⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠿⠁⠀⠀⠘⠋⣿⡇⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⣀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠉⠉⠙⠋⠛⢁⠘⣿⣿⠋⡥⠈⣿⠏⣠⠶⣤⡌⢁⣶⠛⣶⠀⠋⣟⡋⢡⣿⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣛⡛⠟⢋⣩⣍⠉⠀⣤⠤⣤⠀⢠⣢⠲⣦⠈⢷⠀⡹⢠⣿⣿⡄⣿⡆⣿⡀⢽⡄⠈⡁⠘⣿⠀⣷⡆⠀⢹⡇⢸⣧⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠙⣿⣿⣦⣄⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 311 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/distracting-from-disasters-of-microsoft/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/distracting-from-disasters-of-microsoft/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_Media_Tells_Us_That_‘Linux’_is_the_Danger_While_Many_Patients_Die_From Microsoft_Windows⠀✐ Posted in Deception, FUD, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Security at 11:06 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 062bffc6feba5db9031fc34e87192ab9 http://techrights.org/videos/windows-distraction.webm Summary: Reading the media so far this week, one might be left with the impression that Linux (which turns_30 as a proprietary kernel) is somehow the least secure thing on the planet; but that seems to mostly distract from the latest epic disaster of Microsoft Last year we published a_very_long_story_or_a_series_of_16_detailed_posts_about Windows_incidents_in_hospitals, berating the media for participating in cover- up and a misdirection instead of actual investigation, journalism, demand for answers (which can beget accountability for the culprits who put Windows inside hospitals). Here we are one year later and Microsoft has massive security incidents every couple of months — ones which impact millions of businesses and billions of people, costing them billion if not trillions in damages in the long run. Then we see articles which incredibly enough present Microsoft as some security leader while it_lectures_GNU/Linux_users and claims_to_be_some_ransomware expert. They’re mostly back doors experts; they have lots_of_experience_putting back_doors_in_things… In the video above I go through very_recent_stories_about_“Linux”_being_a security_issue/risk/threat (by gross misrepresentation of the brand) and today’s_links_about_hospitals_becoming_disaster_zones_because_of_their_use_of Windows. As we put it several times last year, how many people need to die before Windows is ripped out of health-related systems and replaced by vastly more reliable and secure Free software? Windows has already killed far more people than COVID-19 and its variants killed. They’re just not being counted as such. Microsoft’s mediocre and insecure-by-design computing has taken its toll in many other domains, not just health, but rarely does that generate any headlines. We just hear about how “Linux” is going to space. And there’s a reason for that… If Windows is not good enough for space missions, why should it ever be put on (or near) medical devices? Unmanned space missions put budget — not lives — at risk. About a decade ago IIS dumped Windows and moved to GNU/Linux after the space station got overwhelmingly infected with and overrun by Windows viruses. Out of this world… █ “Our products just aren’t engineered for security.” –Brian Valentine, Microsoft executive ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 392 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/european-patent-convention-finished/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/european-patent-convention-finished/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Finnishing_Off_the_European_Patent_Convention_(EPC)⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:33 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Drunk_on_power,_now_available_over_ViCo,_100%_regime- friendly⦈_ Summary: Finnish people have enabled EPO tyranny under Benoît_Battistelli and are still doing the same for António_Campinos as recently_as_months_ago (whilst also promoting European_software_patents) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⢚⣛⣛⣋⣭⣭⣭⣽⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢋⣠⠶⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣲⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣡⡶⣛⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠰⠿⣛⡛⢉⣹⣿⠟⣹⡿⠛⢻⣿⠏⡠⣚⡵⠞⢻⣿⡿⢉⡿⡋⢹⣿⡿⠛⣉⠟⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣭⣭⣥⣴⣶⣶⠖⣰⣿⣿⢋⣴⡿⣛⠁⢔⣥⠎⣠⠿⢁⣴⣿⡏⡠⠆⣼⢟⠁⢊⡾⢡⡾⠏⢠⢞⣵⢡⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣼⣿⣿⣧⣬⣷⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣘⣩⣼⣿⣾⣷⣶⣷⣴⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣬⣭⣭⣶⣾⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠰⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢑⣡⣴⣶⠾⠞⠟⠿⠿⢶⣄⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢶⣶⠆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠃⢀⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠏⣀⣤⣤⣄⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠙⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠘⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⢻⣿⠇⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠐⠀⣸⡿⡀⠈⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠆⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣶⡶⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡷⠀⠀⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡆⠎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⠃⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣼⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⡍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣘⣷⣤⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣦⢹⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡇⣾⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠻⣿⣿⠿⠻⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿ ⣿⣿⡇⠾⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⡿⢸⡟⢠⣾⣿⠃⣿⡟⢸⣿⠃⣴⡿⢸⣿⢁⠫⣴⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣷⢸⡟⢨⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⡏⢠⣿⡇⣿⢱⣿⣧⢸⡇⢻⢧⠸⡿⣸⠏⠾⣃⣼⡏⢠⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠿⢟⣡⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⠘⢟⡅⠺⣿⢸⣿⡇⢾⡿⢸⣧⠹⢿⣿⣿⡈⠿⢋⣾⡇⣾⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠇⡙⠟⣱⣿⡘⠿⣣⣾⣷⢈⣾⡇⣱⣿⡄⠿⢟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠁⡁⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠐⢀⡂⠀⡀⠐⠀⠀⠈⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡾⡟⣿⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⢉⣽⣿⠟⡛⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠋⡏⢹⡉⣹⣯⣩⠩⡻⢹⢀⣆⣘⣀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⡏⡿⢎⡏⡝⣽⡿⠃⣯⢫⡟⠾⠿⡇⡟⠸⠸⢾⠸⡱⢽⡇⠀⠀⠀⣙⣿⡏⢈⡟⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠴⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠦⣸⣿⣿⣯⣼⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⡟⡟⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢶⣿⣧⡀⡿⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⢩⢸⠩⢩⢹⢇⣇⡎⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⣿⢫⡝⡝⢻⢋⣻⢩⣿⣆⢏⣯⡏⣶⡞⣭⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣥⣤⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 444 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/finland-good-brother-networks/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/finland-good-brother-networks/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IV_–_Martti_Enäjärvi_and_His “Good_Brother”_Networks⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:11 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the Finnish_“Facilitator” 4. You are here ☞ Martti Enäjärvi and His “Good Brother” Networks 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Yle_on_a_good_brother⦈_ In November 2000, the Finnish public service broadcaster Yle screened a documentary about Enäjärvi’s extensive “good brother” networks. Summary: How an enabler of Benoît_Battistelli and associate of António_Campinos had managed to get away with crimes even long before he became their enabler As explained in the last part, the Helsinki Criminal Police opened a preliminary investigation against Martti Enäjärvi towards the end of 1998. The head of the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH) came under suspicion of bribery as a public official due to his part in the negotiation of a rental contract for PRH premises. “The head of the Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH) came under suspicion of bribery as a public official due to his part in the negotiation of a rental contract for PRH premises.”In the end, no charges were pressed against Enäjärvi and it seemed as if that was the end of the story. But before long he was being subjected to more scrutiny by the Finnish media. This time it was the turn of the public service broadcaster Yle, Finland’s equivalent of the BBC. In a documentary aired on 6 November 2000, the investigative program MOT made an effort to “get its teeth into Martti Enäjärvi’s associates”. “In the MOT documentary, an in-depth investigation was carried out into Enäjärvi’s associates in the upper echelons of Finnish society and his “good brother” networks…”The video (in Finnish) is accessible online here and a transcript_in_English_is_available_in_PDF. [PDF] In the MOT documentary, an in-depth investigation was carried out into Enäjärvi’s associates in the upper echelons of Finnish society and his “good brother” networks, including numerous clubs and associations such as the Paasikivi_Society, the Rotary Association, the Tennis Club and the Helsinki Finns_Club. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Helsinki_Finns_Club⦈_ Enäjärvi (second from left) enjoying some fresh air and quality time on an outing with his “good brothers” from the Helsinki Finns Club in 2003. Amongst other things, the documentary revealed that as a result of a “reform” of the PRH in 1993, the internal auditor disappeared from the organisation chart and he was transferred to other duties. For a period of six years afterwards there were no internal audit reports. “Amongst other things, the documentary revealed that as a result of a “reform” of the PRH in 1993, the internal auditor disappeared from the organisation chart and he was transferred to other duties. For a period of six years afterwards there were no internal audit reports.”It was claimed that during this time the PRH’s representatives – mainly Enäjärvi himself – double-invoiced travel expenses related to meetings of the European Patent Organisation in Munich. Travel expenses for national delegates are reimbursed by the EPO under the terms of the Administrative Council’s rules of procedure, but apparently in Finland the national delegates also billed their own office. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Yle_report⦈_ Yle’s investigative program MOT reported that Enäjärvi was fond of using his “flexible friend”, the Eurocard provided to him by the PRH. The invoiced amounts are in pre-Euro Finnish Marks (1 FIM = 0.17 EUR). ALKO refers to the the national alcoholic beverage retailing monopoly in Finland and AMICA is a restaurant/catering group. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇At the EPO, drinking means business⦈ The Yle documentary also reported that Enäjärvi was fond of using his “flexible friend”, the Eurocard provided to him by the PRH. However, much of the expenditure didn’t appear to be related to official business. Soon afterwards, Enäjärvi was under investigation by the Finnish authorities again. This time the investigation concerned allegations of the misuse of an official car and official funds. “Soon afterwards, Enäjärvi was under investigation by the Finnish authorities again.”According to Finnish_press_reports [PDF], Enäjärvi was under suspicion of violating his official duties during the years 1993-1998 by using his official car extensively for private purposes and by using more than € 10,000 from the PRH’s official “representation funds” to cover the cost of catering at events related to his private hobbies and interests. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Helsinki_Finns_Club_in_May_Day⦈_ Enäjärvi in a party mood at the May Day celebration of the Helsinki Finns Club in 2004. In November_2002, the public prosecutor announced that there would be no criminal_prosecution [PDF]. The official explanation given was that there was some “room for interpretation” of the rules in force at the time and that the evidence was insufficient to support a prosecution. “Once again, Enäjärvi had managed to wriggle off the hook and the tax-payers were left to pick up the tab for his extravagances.”However, the taxation issues raised by the case were taken up by the Tax Ombudsman who referred the case to the Helsinki Administrative Court for a decision. Rather than demand that Enäjärvi himself be taxed for “benefits in kind” relating to the use of official cars and entertainment expenses, the Tax Ombudsman requested that the PRH be declared liable for uncollected taxes and social security contributions associated with these “benefits”. In May_2004, the administrative court followed_the_Tax_Ombudsman’s_proposal. [PDF] Once again, Enäjärvi had managed to wriggle off the hook and the tax-payers were left to pick up the tab for his extravagances. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇2008_photo_from_Helsinki_Finns_Club⦈_ Enäjärvi in a party mood again at the May Day celebration of the Helsinki Finns Club in 2008. A wiser man might have been inclined to watch his step at that point. “…his fondness for high living at the expense of the Finnish tax-payer finally caught up with him in 2010.”But it seemed as if Enäjärvi’s “good brothers” were holding a protective hand over him and he was probably starting to believe that he was “untouchable”. In any case, Enäjärvi didn’t see fit to mend his ways and – as we shall see in the next part – his fondness for high living at the expense of the Finnish tax- payer finally caught up with him in 2010. █ ⣋⣛⣉⣛⣉⣙⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⡡⠙⠠⡽⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡞⢳⣿⡵⢮⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣿⣢⡷⣞⣷⣶⣽⡆⣦⣶⢶⢺⣶⡆⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢀⢐⣆⡀⠫⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢉⣉⢉⣁⠁⠩⢫⢈⠋⠉⠉⠘⠌⢉⣡⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠋⣷⠾⣱⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⠶⠐⣾⡧⣼⣿⣧⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣶⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣩⣿⡷⣟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡠⢠⠤⢀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠒⠻⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⠟⠙⠁⠋⢹⣿⣷⠈⠉⢀⣬⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣳⡐ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⢾⣧⣿⡅⣧⢤⡷⣴⣮⣴⢾⣷⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣴⣤⣀⣴⠉⡉⣻⣷⡀⡘⠁⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠛⠙⠣⠟⠋⣇⡯⠿⠿⠿⠻⢏⡧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠪⣳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣝⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣧⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⢀⡴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡋⢛⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢮⡲⣄⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⢰⡾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢎⡿⡧⠄⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠗⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣗⢦⡿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣿⣷⣿⣆⠁⠁⠀⣙⠙⠻⢻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⠃⠁⠰⠾⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠄⢹⣧⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢁⢁⠀⡤⡀⠀⡄⡀⠀⣀⡀⠤⢐⠒⠬⠑⠒⠈⠁⠀⠙⢷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠇⠿⢿⠏⡿⢿⠿⠽⠿⢳⠻⠿⠯⠁⠒⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢄⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡝⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠱⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢮⢢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢡⠁⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢰⢠⠀⠀⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢕⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢢⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠫⡢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠛⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢞⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⡵⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣬⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢖⢠⢠⡤⣤⢤⢄⣬⣸⢠⣄⣤⣤⣤⣠⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣏⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠙⠚⠓⢹⡘⣌⢛⣟⣑⠃⠙⠘⠛⠛⠘⠛⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠑⠛⠘⠓⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⣀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢤⠄⠆⠐⠠⠀⣠⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢍⠀⠙⡖⡿⠿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠠⠂⣁⡀⠆⠀⠄⢀⣠⣶⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠮⠀⠈⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠌⠀⡬⠆⠀⠄⠀⠄⠘⠄⠠⠄⣀⣤⣾⣿⠟⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠐⠰⡀⠐⣤⣀⠐⢤⢶⣶⠦⠤⢾⣿⡿⠛⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠊⠐⠁⠜⠏⠟⢣⣃⢳⡿⠶⡦⣤⣤⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠰⠙⠟⠒⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⡛⢛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣖⣒⣄⢀⠂⢠⣶⣒⣄⡲⣤⠢⠭⣥⠈⣛⢓⠀⠒⠀⠘⠃⡀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠂⠀⡎⠓⠦⢬⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⢿⣿⡛⠛⠛⠛⠯⣍⣹⣿⣿⣠⡀⠀⠀⠠⠐⢨⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠋⠑⠘⠂⢀⠡⢉⠙⢉⡛⢿⡴⠄⣄⠀⣈⢓⣏⣽⢒⠶⣤⣅⢶⡃⢐⣠⣠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣧⣽⣿⣧⠂⠀⠈⠂⣽⣿⣿⣿⣥⣴⣖⠄⢀⠰⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢖⡠⠄⢀⣡⣾⣬⣥⠄⢘⣈⠀⢰⡌⡻⠀⡶⠽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⣻⣿⣿⠫⠀⠁⢀⢶⣄⢠⡀⠉⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⢂⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠙⣀⠌⠤⢤⣛⣿⣿⡷⡖⣮⣥⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡂⠐⠪⠃⠿⠿⠯⡀⠉⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⢀⣜⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠟⠠⠆⢠⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⡏⣁⢭⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣬⡙⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⠛⣷⣧⣵⣾⣍⣉⠁⠉⠩⠏⠉⣛⢝⡛⣿⡿⠿⢿⢯⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⡄⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⠂⡇⢠⠍⠭⣹⣿⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣟⠈⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣶⣾⣿⠄⠯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣆⣃⣠⣤⣄⣁⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠤⢾⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡄⠀⠘⣻⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⡇⠚⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠂⠈⠛⢻⡶⢷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⠃⠤⠠⠾⠿⠾⣿⡏⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢛⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣌⣿⣿⣟⣉⡤⡴⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠻⠛⢃⣤⣖⣛⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣤⣤⣴⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢰⣾⡿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣌⡉⠙⠉⢕⣀⠋⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣯⡉⣿ ⣿⣖⣲⣠⣄⣠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⣿⣿⢽⣾⡿⠛⠿⠯⠦⠈⠈⠋⠀⢸⣟⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿ ⣿⣍⣛⣛⣋⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠶⡪⠺⣺⢿⣧⣤⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⠟⠟⠇⣤⣤⣄⣼⣿⣾⠋⠁⠀⠉⠻⣿⣝⣾⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣴⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⠟⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⣿ ⣿⠟⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢭⣩⣭⠽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣬⡽⣯⣽⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⠽⠜⠟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢼⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠛⠂⠀⢀⣀⣈⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠛⠻⠉⢉⠁⡀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣴⣦⣝⣫⣿⣿⠁⠐⣼⣿ ⣿⠧⠶⠶⠯⣭⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡷⣶⣆⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣠⣤⣤⣨⡍⠠⠀⠀⠴⠠⠦⢐⣒⡃⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡻⣽⣿⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠇⢀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣆⣶⣦⣤⣄⣳⡻⣿⣆⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⠶⠶⠚⠛⠁⠈⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⡟⡯⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠃⢻⣿⣿⣿⠛⡛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣥⣭⣭⣛⣛⣿⣙⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠈⠉⠨⢈⣛⡇⠛⠛⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢹⣿⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣻⡐⣸⡇⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠍⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⢄⣀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⢇⡄⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⢸⣧⢁⡐⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⣿⣋⡍⣋⠝⠿⡟⡇⡉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢿⢻⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣶⡤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠆⢰⣿⡇⢀⣾⣏⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠂⠀⢸⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢛⢛⠵⠽⠌⢹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢃⣼⣿⣿⠃⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠹⣿⡀⢴⣒⢾⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣬⡈⢻⠇⣼⣿⣹⢇⣀⣄⡀⡩⠤⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠀⢀⢼⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣷⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⢻⣼⣧⣧⣹⠏⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⢻⣿⠳⡿⡿⠟⣋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢿⠀⣀⣄⠱⠄⠃⠛⠽⠙⠀⠀⠠⡹⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠯⢿⣿⡚⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡞⣓⠀⠀⣿⣿⣻⠁⣀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⡀⠀⢂⢄⠀⣄⡬⡀⢵⣤⣤⣤⣪⣾⣴⡯⡤⠀⠀⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⢲⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢻⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠘⡾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⠭⠠⠁⠁⠀⣸⣿⣵⡏⠀⠈⠛⠒⠶⠦⣄⠀⠀⡗⠀⢄⠤⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⠷⣠⡤⣀⠑⣣⡶⠕⠀⢀⠀⠀⠱⠀⢸⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠹⣿⡗⠀⠀⢹⣻⣿ ⣿⡟⡳⡽⢶⡌⣤⢠⣠⣽⣿⣏⣿⣀⡀⡀⢀⠀⣀⡠⣄⣀⣴⣿⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣖⣴⢴⢝⣠⡌⢀⡁⠠⠆⡠⡼⣸⣿⠀⣀⡄⡤⠠⠮⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡧⣻⣵⠔⢚⣟⡻⣿ ⣿⣥⣺⢽⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣖⣽⣮⣟⣤⣹⣩⣧⣰⣴⣧⡄⢀⣀⢀⡠⢼⣺⡐⢿⣅⡿⣷⣟⣧⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣮⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣭⣷⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣵⣽⣿⣶⣿ ⢀⣐⣖⣲⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠘⠘⠋⠛⠛⠛⣛⡛⠃⠘⠛⠛⣛⢛⠛⢛⡛⣛⢛⠛⠋⠛⣉⠉⣉⠉⣭⢉⠍⡭⠍⢭⠭⠭⠭⠭⣭⡅⡭⠭⠭⢭⢭⠍⠭⠭⠭⡭⠭⢭⠭⡍⠉⠭⠉⠭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣥⠅⠩⠈⢬⠄⣤⠀⠠⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⢀⠸⠇⠀⡈⠀⡀⢄⠁⡄⢿⠀⠀⠘⣀⠁⢈⢸⡄⣿⠀⡇⣿⡇⡇⠠⢅⠸⢀⣠⣰⡘⢇⣄⠛⣂⣄⡃⣤⣂⠘⣀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣓⣀⣀⣠⣀⢿⣃⣀⣀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⠽⢿⠻⣿⡇⢰⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢾⣿⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⡛⠛⣛⣛⡛⣉⣛⣛⢛⣉⡉⠉⣋⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⡁⣉⠉⠉⢉⢉⠉⢉⡉⢉⡉⠉⣉⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉⢉⢈⣍⣭⣍⣩⣍⣭⠍⣭⠍⢩⠉⠭⠉⣭⠉⢩⡉⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠢⢸⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠸⠇⠈⠈⠀⡀⠀⠁⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢸⠀⣶⠀⡆⢿⡇⡇⠀⠀⠸⠀⢀⠠⠐⠆⡀⠖⠊⣀⠃⣉⠀⠸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠃⠀⠃⢨⠀⢀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣯ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⠒⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣤⣴⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⡇⢱⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣷⢝ ⠀⠀⠀⣯⣀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⠋⠀ ⠀⠠⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠇⠀ ⠀⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣶⠀⢾⠁⠀ ⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠟⠛⠛⣛⣛⠛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⠛⠀⢠⢀⠀ ⠀⠀⠐⠂⠐⢰⣶⣶⡆⠘⠠⠄⠙⠂⠂⢺⡏⠙⠐⠉⠍⠉⠟⡉⢻⠉⠋⠹⠉⠏⠠⢙⡀⣤⠀⡌⣿⡇⡏⠀⠀⢸⠉⠀⢈⢡⡄⠉⣤⠝⠀⠇⠂⠀⢰⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⠐⣄⠘⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣷ ⢀⣀⣠⣰⣤⣾⣿⣿⣧⢠⣬⣥⣴⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣼⣤⣧⣿⣤⣴⣤⣶⣤⣴⣼⣧⣿⣦⣧⣿⡇⣧⣤⣼⣦⣴⣾⣶⣶⣴⣷⣴⣶⣿⣦⣿⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣦⣶⣶⣶⠀⢼⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢾⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⣻⣿⣿ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠰⢂⣰⠲⡖⠆⢲⡖⠲⠰⠂⡀⠂⠶⡀⣶⠂⠖⢰⠂⡆⠀⢰⡀⣤⠉⡍⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⡏⠹⠉⠉⢩⣍⠏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠍⠡⠹⠉⣿⣁⠈⢀⠀⣾⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣐⣢⣰⣄⣰⣌⣁⣠⣦⣀⣦⣵⣠⣇⣽⣤⣠⣀⣶⣄⣴⣼⣧⣿⣤⣧⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣤⣦⣦⣤⣬⣥⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣯⣶⣶⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠉⣍⣍⣩⣭⣭⣭⡅⠨⠉⠉⢭⠭⠍⢩⡭⠭⢩⠍⠉⠍⡭⠍⣥⠭⡥⢨⠄⡅⠀⢠⠀⣀⠀⡀⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⢠⠀⣤⠠⢠⢂⠀⣤⣶⣴⣶⡆⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠒⣶⠂⠒⠀⡖⢰⣶⠀⠐⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⣀⡘⢃⣀⣀⠀⣄⣢⣀⣄⣿⣀⣀⣈⣄⣁⣀⣸⣀⣿⣀⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣄⣀⣛⣠⣐⣘⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣀⣈⣁⣼⣘⢡⣀⣀⡀⠀⡇⡿⠘ ⠀⠐⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠘⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⣛⠛⣛⠛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⢛⡙⣛⣉⣉⣉⡁⢈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⣉⡉⡉⠉⣉⠉⡉⠉⠈⠁⠀⠃⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣁⣭⡇⠀⠀⡀⠈⠀⠁⠸⠇⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠃⡀⣿⠀⠁⠘⠀⠃⠀⢸⠀⣶⠀⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠇⠀⢸⠀⠠⠒⢀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⣿⡄⠂⠀⡁⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢭⣿⣿⡇⢰⡄⣆⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣼⣿⣿⠟⠄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢰⠟⠃⣺⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣸⡼⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠥⠷⣺⡇⢸⣾⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⡬⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠍⠍⡮⡿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⠛⠁⠘⠙⠚⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠘⠚⠀⠒⠀⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⠛⠛⠛⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠟⠻⠦⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⡗⠿⠿⠁⢀⢦⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣔⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠄⠀⠑⢶⣶⣶⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠁⡆⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⢠⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣠⣀⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡌⠀⠀⠀⠿⠟⢿⢀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠳⢤⣽⣳⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣛⣤⣜⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣥⠀⡆⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣷⣄⣧⣴⣴⣿⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠘⣶⣤⣚⠾⣿⠈⠉⣿⢿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡻⠠⠇⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣕⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣮⣿⣿⣷⣎⡄⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢅⠀⣿⣿⡧⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢆⣟⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠊⠀⣿⣿⡟⠁⠘⣿⡿⢹⣏⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢐⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠟⠏⠄⠀⣿⠟⠻⠐⣾⣿⡇⡿⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⠸⣿⣮⣽⣿⣟⢇⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡔⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⣿⡟⠀⡗⠀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡇⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠰⣬⡭⢭⣟⡻⠀⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⢀⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⣻⣿⢜⣭⣡⡄⡢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢒⣿⣿⢻⣿⠉⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⢄⠀⠸⢇⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⢹⡻⣏⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣭⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣻⣿⣽⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣾⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠃⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠑⠿⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⣼⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡲⡂⢀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣳⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⡻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠗⠂⠀⠢⠀⡠⠄⠈⢻⣿⡏⠽⡿⠋⠂⢰⠀⠀⠀⠐⠏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢧⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⡭⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣳⣿⣏⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠂⠀⠂⢨⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣾⣿⡟⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⣣⣿⣿⡟⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣵⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣯⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 801 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/irc-log-250821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/irc-log-250821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_August_25,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:04 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 250821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-250821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-250821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 250821.txt 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmV1QitvvEPcWs9sktSduTK9euzypc69PhYPpqsisL8mw9 #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmUhdQ7KWb5qy5iu3ABvtZ8ehDPUj48UdNizjncH5aeuiZ (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmTAHRgj6pgS3fcS24Fzh6Zp7m6Eaa4Z4aqhbcorfHuFCX social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPjVZHAoRyjNfzCYobwZWL5i3DLeLTkWLw6y57cj5cDqx social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmSsm2ipKnzu5cyBD1u43bFCgcCKgbW5rWsy12rnSLXwue #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmdnXquAgHb6SqMBrGb2PLpLpYWF4xrYFAWW9mJ5xf2ZBS (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmbj525EY229uF5Fq5xDUrajnvN7HttLGJpKeYVjhezYR6 #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmSKCv3MnaC3uTNwABcVsz3qbZ95TjTQuL9j138RHpE4L6 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmZUUdzxkRTs82iUy2v4eYvj82bQspLfqR1XFp3uBCrVP6 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 927 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/official-statistics-baltic-patents/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/official-statistics-baltic-patents/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ So-called_‘IP’_Statistics_for_the_Baltic_States_Reveal_Very_Few_Patents⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:16 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Recently: How_Finland,_With_About_20_Times_More_European_Patents_Than_Baltic States_Combined,_Has_Controlled_Those_States_for_the_Battistelli_Era_Regime_ (and_Campinos_Era_Too) Summary: A quick look at the (relative) irrelevance of Baltic states to the EPO, where they enjoy a vote as powerful as that of the UK, France, Germany and other large economies with hundreds of thousands of patents “The national Patent Offices of the Baltic States publish official statistics relating to “IP” protection,” a reader has told us. “Most of the registration activity is in the area of “trademarks” and “designs”, with very little under “patents”.” § ESTONIA⠀➾ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Estonia's_patents⦈_ § LITHUANIA⠀➾ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lithuania's_patents⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lithuania's_patents⦈_ Total of 1,785 validated patents? Hard to tell because of the language, so we’ve taken two screenshots from the latest PDF. § LATVIA⠀➾ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Latvia's_patents⦈_ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠙⢛⠛⠛⠿⠻⠻⡏⠙⠛⠛⠟⢛⡟⡙⠉⠙⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡖⠲⠶⠶⠲⠖⠶⠷⡷⠖⡖⠚⠶⠳⠾⠖⠶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟⣿⠻⢻⡟⠟⠛⠛⢻⣿⠟⠗⣶⠲⢠⡖⠖⠖⠞⢷⠒⠷⠿⠖⠶⠖⠶⠶⢻⠛⠿⠿⠟⠿⡟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣥⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣾⣦⣦⣬⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣦⣴⣠⣤⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣼⣤⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠭⠼⠦⠤⡧⠤⠴⡤⣿⠤⠾⢤⢤⠤⡴⠤⣼⠿⢤⠦⡦⡴⠴⠤⠿⢦⣤⠼⢤⡦⠤⡧⠤⠤⠴⣤⣤⣷⣶⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣤⣴⣴⣄⣼⣴⣦⣿⣤⣤⣷⣤⣤⣧⣤⣿⣤⣬⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣬⣾⣾⣬⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⣃⣈⣀⣈⡘⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⠀⠁⢀⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⣉⡁⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣁⠀⠀⢀⡈⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⣉⡁⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣉⡉⡏⣉⣩⣈⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡻⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠶⠶⠶⠇⠶⢶⠶⢶⠒⠿⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡛⠿⠻⠟⣿⣿⣿⢸⡟⠿⠖⠶⠶⠇⠶⠶⡶⢿⡖⠿⢿⡇⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠳⠒⠲⠲⠆⠐⡖⠼⠳⠚⠖⠒⠚⡇⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⢸⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠔⡖⠀⠷⠚⠓⠓⠺⠇⣿ ⣿⡇⠉⢩⠉⣩⠉⠉⠉⢩⢭⢉⢩⣉⢩⡉⠉⠉⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⡍⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡅⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡅⣭⣭⣭⣭⠉⠉⣭⣭⣭⣭⢨⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣬⢁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣿ ⣿⣧⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣬⣤⣬⣭⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣬⣬⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⠉⠋⠛⠋⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⠤⠤⢠⠤⠄⡤⠤⠤⠤⠤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⡉⢉⡉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⢀⣀⢠⣨⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠚⠒⠐⠀⠚⠓⠒⠂⠒⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣉⣁⣈⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠄⠁⠄⠨⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢒⣲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠲⣒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢥⢭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠭⠥⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢲⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢲⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣂⣒⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠈⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠚⠨⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠰⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠲⣲⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢥⢭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠥⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠭⠿⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⠛⠙⠙⠛⠋⠛⠋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣦⣦⣼⣤⡤⣤⠧⢤⣷⡤⣤⣤⣮⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣶⣦⣼⣤⢤⣥⣤⡤⣧⢮⢷⡷⣥⣤⣤⣮⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠤⠤⠤⠬⠤⠤⠤⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠴⠦⠤⠤⠧⠴⠤⠤⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣈⣈⣏⣁⣧⣀⣈⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠛⠉⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠋⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠛⠉⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣋⣉⣈⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣻⣭⣈⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⠤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⠤⢤⣤⣼⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠤⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠭⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠭⠶⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠽⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠬⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠬⠴⠼⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠉⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⢝⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠩⢿⠩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢲⠲⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⣖⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⣖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢲⢒⢲⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣒⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣚⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣒⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣒⣛⣛⣻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣰⣗⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣾⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣓⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣘⣈⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⡶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⠶⢶⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠂⠚⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠒⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠂⠒⠚⠛⢻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⢩⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⢙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠯⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠹⢹⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⠭⢭⣭⣽⣿ ⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠽⠧⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠬⠼⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠬⠤⠼⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢙⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⢹⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣰⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣜⣨⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⢒⡖⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⡒⣖⡒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⣲⡖⠒⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣚⣚⣓⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣒⣚⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⣛⣚⣓⣛⣻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣸⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣁⣣⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣘⣘⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⡶⠶⣶⣾⣿ 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⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⡿⠟⠿⠿⡿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⢶⣶⣦⣴⣷⣶⣶⣦⣦⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠉⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠍⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣥⣠⣠⣤⣄⣴⣤⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1111 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/26/very-best-people-for-prh/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/26/very-best-people-for-prh/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Only_the_‘Very_Best_People’_for_the_Finnish_Public_Sector⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:35 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Out-of-work_Nokia_employee_and_Finnish_Patent_and Registration_Office_(PRH)_job_interview⦈_ Summary: The Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH) shows that the very best_people are people whom you know best, not people who would do the job best ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣶⣬⣭⣍⣉⣉⣀⣁⣉⣉⣙⣋⠛⢛⡛⠛⠛⢛⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠭⠭⠩⠭⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣛⣛⣿⢟⡓⣒⡀⣤⢀⣤⣄⢠⣤⣤⡀⣤⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⣿⢻⡆⣿⢸⡇⢿⣿⢷⡿⢹⡏⣿⣾⣿⡙⠿⠟⣿⣿⣇⣿⢸⣇⣿⡿⣿⢾⡃⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⣸⣿⠾⣿⢸⣛⠻⣿⣿⡇⣿⢠⣭⣅⣿⣿⢻⣿⠸⣿⡿⠃⠿⠸⠇⠿⠹⠧⢤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⣝⠛⢥⡬⢭⡵⠷⠽⡾⠿⣶⣿⢿⣶⡶⣿⡷⣓⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⢈⣭⣟⢯⣻⡭⣭⣤⢨⣭⠍⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠇⠂⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣠⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢲⣆⣿⢰⡟⣷⢸⣿⣿⠙⣿⢸⡿⣧⢿⢸⣏⡁⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⡏⣿⠘⣿⢧⣿⡷⢸⣿⢎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣀⣷⠸⡿⡋⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣾⣿⣿⡄⣿⢸⡧⣿⢸⢸⣯⡁⣿⢻⣿⡇⣿⡇⡆⣿⣧⠹⣧⡿⡀⠿⢈⠸⠷⠾⠿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣐⣵⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⣴⡄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠘⠃⠛⠈⠛⠋⡬⠭⠬⠥⢭⣬⣥⣭⣽⣾⣿⣷⠷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠶⠖⠚⠒⠚⢛⠐⠛⡛⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣄⣭⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⡆⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠁⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⣾⡿⣷⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠘⣛⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡇⠉⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⡀⠀⣀⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠱⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡻⣿⣿⠿⣛⡿⣀⢀⣀⣤⡤⡤⣤⣤⡤⠴⠶⠶⠶⠒⠛⢾⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠟⠛⠛⢸⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣿⣿⠀⡧⢇⣿⡇⣿⢸⠇⣿⡇⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣀⡀⡁⡉⣀⡀⢀⣈⢁⣉⢍⣩⢉⢉⣉⣈⣉⣉⡉⢀⡁⣈⣁⡁⣉⡈⡉⡁⢁⣈⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢤⣘⠀⠀⠀⠍⠁⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣟⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⡷⣾⢭⢸⢘⢮⢸⡇⣿⣏⣿⡇⢹⢸⡇⡇⡇⣷⡇⢸⣿⣿⡧⣿⢸⣿⣟⣻⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠁⠉⠁⠁⡉⣁⢈⣉⢉⡉⣈⡉⠨⡌⣉⡈⣁⡉⢉⣉⡉⣨⣎⢑⡉⣁⡁⡡⣮⡭⣈⣅⢉⣈⡉⣩⣭⣭⡄⠀⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⢤⣤⣶⣸⡇⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⡇⡇⡇⡿⡇⢸⣿⣷⡏⣿⢸⠇⣿⡇⣷⡏⡇⣿⢼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣧⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⡶⡿⢷⣮⣥⣵⣮⣉⡉⣉⣉⡁⠈⣵⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠁⣭⢬⣭⠩⠁⠉⣡⣥⣭⣭⣭⣉⣘⡻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠷⠷⠭⠿⢿⣿⣽⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣶⡆⣿⢹⣿⠈⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠙⠻⠽⣭⣿⡢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡧⣶⣀⣠⣄⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢯⣿⠟⠛⣻⠀⠀⠸⠿⣠⣈⣙⣳⣿⣼⣿⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣷⣶⡾⠒⠈⣩⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⣵⣾⣾⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣭⣈⠁⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⣰⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣧⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⣶⠶⣿⡿⡻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⠄⣯⢸⣿⠀⣁⣁⣀⠀⠘⠃⢀⣀⣯⠟⠉⠉⠻⢿⡼⡿⢤⣤⣀⡐⣲⡖⠛⠚⢡⣤⣩⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⣛⠻⠿⣿⣷⣈⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠶⠒⠒⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣶⣦⣤⣦⠤⠄⠀⢠⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1168 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_26/8/2021:_Qt_Creator_5.0_and_Another_Windows_Catastrophe⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:39 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_919⠀⇛ desktops, gaming, haiku o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Three_dates,_not_one,_to_mark_creation_of_Linux:_Torvalds⠀⇛ “This was the anniversary of the first public announcement, but it wasn’t actually the actual first code drop. That came later – 17 September. “And even that second anniversary isn’t the ‘last’ anniversary, because the Linux 0.01 code drop on 17 September was only privately announced to people who had shown some interest from the first announcement. “So the first actually public and real *announced* code drop was 5 October 1991, which is when 0.02 was dropped. So I actually have three anniversaries, and they are all equally valid in my mind.” # ⚓ Linux_turns_30_today,_the_open_source_operating_system_that changed_everything⠀⇛ In its origins, computing was controlled by universities, the military, and big business. They had control and licenses of the software, and no one could use the applications or operating systems without their permission, or a license. Richard Stallman, a programming genius who He studied at Harvard University and worked at IBM and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), working as a laboratory hacker, he decided to punch the table. The September 27, 1983 sent the now famous email to his colleagues, with the slogan “Free Unix!” (Free Unix!), Which gave rise to the birth of free software: “I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program, I must share it with other people who also like it. My conscience does not allow me to sign a confidentiality agreement or a software license.” # ⚓ Linux,_happy_30th_birthday!_What_the_future_holds_for Linux⠀⇛ Today marks the official 30th birthday of the Linux operating system. Let’s all dig into that penguin- shaped cake and talk about where we were when it all began. Or, maybe we’ll chat about all of the fun times we’ve had with Linux over the years, or how it shaped our lives and altered the trajectory of our professional endeavors. Now let’s talk about the future. After all, we know the past. We’ve learned from our mistakes and celebrated our successes. The thing about prognostication is that it’s nothing more than a guessing game. But sometimes pondering what the future holds can be an enjoyable way of flexing the brain’s muscles and positing a world of possibilities. # ⚓ Linux_Is_30⠀⇛ Yes the number one open source operating system is 30 years old this month. Is it mature or geriatric? Why isn’t it everywhere? After all, it is difficult to beat the economics of a free OS. The exact date to celebrate is usually the 25th of August 1991 because this is the date that Linus Benedict Torvalds broke cover with a post to the Minux newsgroup: # ⚓ Linux_turns_30,_and_today_it’s_everywhere⠀⇛ It’s been three decades since Linus Torvalds announced plans to release a free and open source operating system with a Unix-like feature set. In that time Linux has come a long, long way. There are hundreds of desktop operating systems based on the Linux kernel, although they still have a pretty tiny market share when compared with Windows and macOS. But in some ways, Linux may be one of the world’s most versatile, most widely-used operating systems. # ⚓ Happy_30th,_Linux!⠀⇛ “I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for 386 (486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons) among other things). I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work. This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, and I’d like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions are welcome, but I won’t promise I’ll implement them :-)” # ⚓ Linux_celebrates_its_30th_anniversary_–_Computer_–_.Geeks [Ed: Might be a plagiarism site]⠀⇛ My first experience with Linux, if my memory didn’t fail me, was 20-30 years ago with a Redhat distribution in which I was experimenting with something on the command line. At the time, Linux was still too basic to use properly, but I was concerned with that. # ⚓ Linux_at_30:_How_Android_came_to_be,_well,_Android⠀⇛ Android is the world’s most beloved consumer operating system (OS), powering billions of smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and other gadgets all around the globe. While there are many other popular operating systems in use, none have accomplished quite such a broad reach as Android. The OS’ success story is a long and winding one but today we’re looking back to the true origin story. Although Google (rightly) takes the credit for Android’s development, the operating system’s early building blocks owe their existence to the similarly ubiquitous but lesser-recognized Linux OS. Today, Linux distributions span Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, and many, many others, powering PCs, servers, and Raspberry Pis all around the globe. # ⚓ Happy_Birthday_Linux!_30_Years_Ago_Today,_Linus_Gave_Us Linux!_–_Front_Page_Linux⠀⇛ Happy 30th Birthday to the Linux kernel! 30 years ago today, August 25th, Linus Torvalds sent out an email to the Minix newsgroup announcing his new hobby project. This hobby became the biggest open source project ever created and arguably the most important software ever created. Linux is use in pretty much every type of computing device from Smartphones to Desktops, from Raspberry Pi’s to the new PineNote, or from Cars to the International Space Station! # ⚓ 30_things_you_didn’t_know_about_the_Linux_kernel⠀⇛ The Linux kernel is turning 30 this year. That’s three decades of pioneering open source software, enabling users to run free software, to learn from the applications they’re running, and to share what they’ve learned with friends. It’s argued that without the Linux kernel, the luxuries of open culture and free software we enjoy today may not have surfaced when they have. It’s highly improbable that the parts of Apple and Microsoft and Google that are open would be open at all without Linux as the catalyst. The impact of Linux as a phenomenon for culture, software development, and user experience cannot be overstated, and yet it all started with a kernel. A kernel is the software that boots a computer, recognizes—and ensures communication between—all of the components attached to the computer, both inside and outside of the computer case. For code that most users never even think about, much less understand, there are a lot of surprises about the Linux kernel. In no particular order, here’s one fact about the kernel for each year of its life… # ⚓ Short_subjects:_Realtime,_Futexes,_and_ntfs3⠀⇛ Even in the dog days of (northern-hemisphere) summer, the kernel community is a busy place. There are many developments that show up on your editor’s radar, but which, for whatever reason, do not find their way into a full-length feature article. The time has come to catch up with a few of those topics; read on for updates on the realtime patch set, the effort to reinvent futexes, and the ntfs3 filesystem. # ⚓ A_firewall_for_device_drivers⠀⇛ Device drivers, along with the hardware they control, have long been considered to be a trusted part of the system. This faith has been under assault for some time, though, and it fails entirely in some situations, including virtual machines that do not trust the host system they are running under. The recently covered virtio- hardening work is one response to this situation, but that only addresses a small portion of the drivers built into a typical kernel. What is to be done about the rest? The driver-filter patch from Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan demonstrates one possible approach: disable them altogether. Virtual machines typically have direct access to little or no physical hardware; instead, they interact with the world by way of emulated devices provided by the host. That puts the host in a position of power, since it is in total control over how those virtual devices work. If a driver has not been written with the idea that the devices it manages could be hostile, chances are good that said driver can be exploited to compromise the guest and exfiltrate data — even when the guest is running with encrypted memory that is normally inaccessible to the host. The virtio work hardens a handful of virtio drivers to prevent them from misbehaving if the host decides to not play by the rules. Getting there was a lot of work (which still has not reached the point of being merged), and there is a decidedly non-zero chance that vulnerabilities remain. Even if the virtio work is perfect, though, the kernel contains thousands of other drivers, most of which have not received anything close to the same amount of attention; few of them can be expected to be sufficiently robust to stand up to a malicious device. If the host can convince a guest to load the driver for such a device, the security game may well be over. # ⚓ Linux_Pipe_Code_Again_Sees_Patch_To_Restore_Buggy/Improper User-Space_Behavior_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ It was just last month that the Linux kernel saw a pipe code change to address a user-space regression due to the kernel’s policy about not breaking the user-space even if that non-kernel code is in the wrong. A similar kernel regression fix was merged today. Last month’s issue was around the EPOLL interface being misused by some Android libraries and a kernel change at the end of 2019 ended up breaking those libraries like Realm. So after several kernel releases with that change breaking some user-space Android applications and the upstream library since correcting its usage, Linus Torvalds changed the kernel behavior as to not break any old user-space out there misusing the interface. Linus Torvalds has long enforced the policy of kernel changes not breaking existing user-space behavior even at times when the user-space is misusing interfaces. # ⚓ Intel_AMX_Patches_For_The_Kernel_Posted_A_10th_Time,_But_To Miss_Out_On_Linux_5.15_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Going back to June of last year there has been work on Intel bringing up Advanced Matrix Extension (AMX) that will debut with next-gen Xeon “Sapphire Rapids” processors as a new programming paradigm. Over the past year they have published patches for the Linux kernel and open-source toolchains with GCC and LLVM Clang. One year later, the AMX kernel patches are up to their tenth revision but will miss out on the imminent Linux 5.15 merge window. Intel open-source engineers have been working on a set of more than two dozen patches around AMX handling for the Linux kernel. Among the kernel work involved is that a new system call is needed for applications to actually request feature access to Advanced Matrix Extensions, handling for applications without AMX permissions, and other changes. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenShot_2.6_Video_Editor_Released_with_New_Computer_Vision and_AI_Effects,_More⠀⇛ More than six months in development, OpenShot 2.6 is here with lots of goodies for users of this video editor, which will now enjoy new computer- vision and AI effects like motion tracking, object detection, and stabilization, new audio effects like compressor, distortion, delay, echo, parametric EQ, expander, noise, Robotization, and whisperization, as well as a new Zoom Slider widget for easier navigation of the timeline. Also new in this release is the Caption video effect that can be used for rasterizing/rendering text captions on top of a video stream, parentable keyframes, new effect icons, almost 1000 new emoji, as well as support for the latest FFmpeg, Blender, WebEngine, and WebKit technologies, which puts OpenShot on par with professional video editors while providing users with better compatibility and interoperability with most video file formats. # ⚓ Open_Source_Video_Editor_OpenShot_2.6_Released_With_AI Effects_&_Major_Improvements⠀⇛ OpenShot is one of the most popular open-source video editors out there. It is not just for Linux, but it is an impressive free video editor for Windows and Mac users as well. While it was already a functional, easy-to-use, feature-rich video editor, it stepped up a notch with the latest release. Here, we discuss some key additions in OpenShot 2.6.0 release. # ⚓ OpenShot_Video_Editor_Adds_‘Computer_Vision_and_AI’ Effects⠀⇛ A new version of the OpenShot video editor is now available to download — and it’s boasting some colossal sounding improvements. OpenShot 2.6.0 is the first update to this popular open source video editor this year, but it looks to have been well worth the wait. Bundled up inside the latest build are new ‘computer vision and AI’ effects. These include some impressive-sounding motion tracking and object detection capabilities, plus configurable stabilisation effect to (try to) straighten out any shaky footage. # ⚓ 6_Must-Have_Open-Source_Tools_to_Secure_Your_Linux_Server⠀⇛ Over the years, I have come across many blogs that claim Linux is impenetrable by security attackers too many times to count. While it is true that GNU/ Linux operating systems for desktops and servers come with a lot of security checks in place to mitigate attacks, protection is not “enabled by default”. This is because your cybersecurity ultimately depends on the tools you have employed to sniff out vulnerabilities, viruses, malware, and to prevent malicious attacks. In today’s article, we turn our attention to system administrators and security enthusiasts who need to ensure the confidentiality of the data on network servers and local setups. What’s even cooler about these apps is that they are open-source and 100% free! o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt_Creator_5.0_Open-Source_IDE_Released_as_a_Major Update_with_Experimental_Features⠀⇛ Highlights of the Qt Creator 5.0 release include experimental Clangd support as the backend for the C/C++ code model, which means that it’s not enabled by default so you have to activate it from Tools > Options > C++ > Clangd > Use clangd. It also features experimental support for building and running apps in Docker containers, which only works on Linux systems that use CMake as the build system for projects. Also new is a highlighting option for function parameters, template parameters for symbols in the Locator, support for snippets, find support to Issues pane, a new “Show Source and Header Groups” option in the project tree, a new “Force logging to console” option for debugging, line ending and indentation in the file properties information, as well as menu item and shortcut for editing bookmark comments. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Emmanuele_Bassi:_Publishing_your_documentation⠀⇛ The main function of library-web, the tool that published the API reference of the various GNOME libraries, was to take release archives and put their contents in a location that would be visible to a web server. In 2006, this was the apex of automation, of course. These days? Not so much. Since library-web is going the way of the Dodo, and we do have better ways to automate the build and publishing of files with GitLab, how do we replace library-web in 2021? The answer is, unsurprisingly: continuous integration pipelines. I will assume that you’re already building—and testing—your library using GitLab’s CI; if you aren’t, then you have bigger problems than just publishing your API. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Download_Zorin_OS_16_With_Mirrors,_Torrents_And_Checksums⠀⇛ Zorin OS, the computer operating system from Ireland, released version 16 at Tuesday, August 17th, 2021. Currently available as Pro and Core, with Lite and Education Editions to come, it is the successor to the last year version 15.3. This GNU/ Linux system is suitable for most computer users, organizations, schools and offices. Below you will find the download links, mirrors, a torrent, checksums, and how to proceed further to the installation. Finally, we congratulate Zorin OS official for nearly 3 million downloads since two years ago and it’s our time to celebrate. Now let’s download Zorin OS! # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Where_Will_IBM_Stock_Be_In_5_Years?_The_Sum_Vs._The Parts⠀⇛ # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian_11_Bullseye_Released!_Here_are_the_New Features⠀⇛ Linux is one of the well-liked operating systems because of its open-source nature, flexibility to customization, ability to operate on older machines, security, and stability. The open-source operating system unlike the closed operating systems allows all the users equal opportunity to change and modify the underlying code. Linux can be referred to as the heart of open-source operating systems. After being established in the mid 1990s; it has expanded across the globe from smart computers to phones and home appliances, Linux can be found everywhere. Linux has tons of distributions for various purposes and audiences and Debian is one of them. Debian is a free operating system made by a set of individuals for a good cause. It is one of the most popular distributions made by volunteers coming together all across the globe to create a free-to-use operating system. The Debian system usually makes use of Linux or FreeBSD kernels. The GNU project, as in the complete name Debian GNU/Linux, consists of the main parts and tools for Debian. Debian allows the user the” freedom of software” as in their own words. The users can download it for no cost, free, and do a wide variety of work. From running a business server to playing games and what not. # ⚓ OpenEmbedded_Dunfell_updated_rebuild⠀⇛ Yesterday I discovered that the problem has been fixed “upstream”, at the OpenEmbedded git repository, Dunfell branch. So, downloaded the latest, put the updated layers into my “dunfell” project, and have commenced a rebuild. [...] The current release of EasyOS has Xorg server 1.19.7, very old, to fix working with the framebuffer in the initrd. However, have decided that is not important, and have reverted to 1.20.8. Note, EasyOS does not use systemd, that ‘systemd-boot’ does nothing, it is just a dependency requirement of some packages. And, for the record, EasyOS does not have ‘avahi’, ‘pam’, ‘polkit’, or ‘pulseaudio’ either. For now, staying with ‘alsa’ only for audio. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS_(Focal_Fossa)_Is_Out_with_Linux Kernel_5.11_and_Mesa_21_Graphics_Stack⠀⇛ Coming more than six months after Ubuntu 20.04.2, the Ubuntu 20.04.3 point release is here with updated kernel and graphics stacks from the Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo) release. More precisely, it’s powered by the HWE (Hardware Enablement) Linux 5.11 kernel series and uses the latest Mesa 21.0 graphics stack. As usual, the Linux 5.11 HWE kernel included in the Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS point release is intended for newer installations where the hardware is not fully supported by the stock kernel. As such, if you’re using Ubuntu 20.04 LTS with the stock kernel, you won’t receive the newer kernel when performing an upgrade. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Turing_Pi_V2_mini-ITX_cluster_board_takes_four_Raspberry_Pi CM4_or_NVIDIA_Jetson_SoMs⠀⇛ The Turing Pi V2 is a mini-ITX cluster board that builds on the Turing Pi mini-ITX cluster board taking up to 7 Raspberry Pi Compute Modules introduced in 2019, but instead supports up to four Raspberry Pi CM4 (Compute Modules 4) or NVIDIA Jetson Nano/TX2 NX/Xavier NX SO-DIMM system-on- modules. The Turing Pi 2 board is equipped with two Mini PCIe sockets, two Gigabit Ethernet ports, two SATA III ports, four USB 3.0 ports, a 40-pin GPIO header, and a 24-pin ATX connector for power. # ⚓ Jolla_hits_profitability_ahead_of_turning_ten,_eyes_growth beyond_mobile⠀⇛ A milestone for Jolla, the Finnish startup behind the Sailfish OS — which formed, almost a decade ago, when a band of Nokia staffers left to keep the torch burning for a mobile linux-based alternative to Google’s Android — today it’s announcing hitting profitability. The mobile OS licensing startup describes 2020 as a “turning point” for the business — reporting revenues that grew 53% YoY, and EBITDA (which provides a snapshot of operational efficiency) standing at 34%. It has a new iron in the fire too now — having recently started offering a new licensing product (called AppSupport for Linux Platforms) which, as the name suggests, can provide linux platforms with standalone compatibility with general Android applications — without a customer needing to licence the full Sailfish OS (the latter has of course baked in Android app compatibility since 2013). Jolla says AppSupport has had some “strong” early interest from automotive companies looking for solutions to develop their in-case infotainment systems — as it offers a way for embedded Linux- compatible platform the capability to run Android apps without needing to opt for Google’s automotive offerings. And while plenty of car makers have opted for Android, there are still players Jolla could net for its ‘Google-free’ alternative. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Access_Your_Android_Passwords_From_Any Browser⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Android_Phones_Make_Bitcoin_Trading_Easier⠀⇛ # ⚓ Snapchat_Dark_mode_for_Android_phones:_Here’s_how_to get_the_feature⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_downgrade_from_Android_12_to_Android_11_on Pixel_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_get_the_bubbles_Easter_egg_in_Android_12_| Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ [Updated]_Android_11_update_tracker_for_major_OEMs/ skins_(One_UI_3/3.1,_MIUI_12,_OxygenOS_11,_Funtouch_OS 11/OriginOS,_ColorOS_11_&_Realme_UI_2)_–_PiunikaWeb⠀⇛ # ⚓ Stadia_3.31_preps_touch_gamepad_for_Android_TV,_and more_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube’s_outline-style_icons_arrive_on_Android_TV player_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_will_stop_working_on_these_Android_phones Find_out!⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Boox_Note_Air_is_the_Android-powered_Kindle alternative_I_needed⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_tiny_device_fixes_the_main_problem_with_Android Auto_|_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Oppo_is_trying_to_recreate_Apple’s_MagSafe_tech_for its_Android_phones_|_Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Beta_4.1_rolling_out_with_Pixel_bug_fixes, including_for_VPN_&_notifications_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_bugs:_Beta_2_introduces_some_rough_bugs- 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_Best_Android_Phones_to_Buy_in_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Hook,_Peppa_Pig, more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Evoca_taps_Commscope_for_ATSC_3.0-supported_Android TV_box_|_FierceVideo⠀⇛ # ⚓ Porsche_launches_2022_Taycan_electric_car_with_faster charging,_Android_Auto,_and_pretty_pink_color_– Electrek⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_101:_how_to_organize_your_homescreen_–_The Verge⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Plumbers_Conference:_BOFs_Call_for_Proposals Now_Open⠀⇛ We have formally opened the CfP for Birds of a Feather. Select the BOFs track when submitting a BOF here. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL_DBMS_JOB_compatibility_extension⠀⇛ pg_dbms_job is a new PostgreSQL extension to create, manage and use Oracle-style DBMS_JOB scheduled job. The use and behavior is just like with the DBMS_JOB Oracle package. pg_dbms_job v1.0.1 has been released, this is the first release of the extension which is compatible from PostgreSQL 9.1 to current. It allows to manage scheduled jobs from a job queue or to execute immediately jobs asynchronously. A job definition consist on a code to execute, the next date of execution and how often the job is to be run. A job runs a SQL command, plpgsql code or an existing stored procedure. If the submit stored procedure is called without the next_date (when) and interval (how often) attributes, the job is executed immediately in an asynchronous process. If interval is NULL and that next_date is lower or equal to current timestamp the job is also executed immediately as an asynchronous process. In all other cases the job is to be started when appropriate but if interval is NULL the job is executed only once and the job is deleted. If a scheduled job completes successfully, then its new execution date is placed in next_date. The new date is calculated by evaluating the SQL expression defined as interval. The interval parameter must evaluate to a time in the future. # ⚓ PostgreSQL’s_commitfest_clog⠀⇛ While it may seem like the number of developers would be the limiting factor in a free-software project, the truth of the matter is that, for all but the smallest of project, the scarcest resource is reviewer time. Lots of people like to crank out code; rather fewer can find the time to take a close look at somebody else’s patches. Free- software projects have taken a number of different approaches to address the review problem; the PostgreSQL developer community is currently struggling with its review load and considering changes to its commitfest process in response. Part of the review problem is clerical in nature: patches must be tracked along with their review status. Some projects, like the Linux kernel, take a distributed approach; review status is tracked in the patches themselves and subsystem maintainers are expected to keep up with which patches are ready to be merged. PostgreSQL developers, naturally, prefer to keep that information in a central database. Roughly every other month, outstanding patches are gathered for a month-long commitfest, during which the project makes a decision on the fate of each one of them. Each commitfest has a designated manager who is responsible for ensuring that all patches have been dealt with by the end of the commitfest. That is the intended result, anyway. What actually happens, as Simon Riggs recently pointed out on the PostgreSQL Hackers mailing list, is that a lot of patches languish in the queue with no firm decision being made; this can happen as the result of a lack of reviews or a failure of the author to respond, among other reasons. Riggs noted that the 2021-09 commitfest, which is scheduled for September, has 273 patches queued (since increased to 279): “Of those, about 50 items have been waiting more than one year, and about 25 entries waiting for more than two years”. The community has been working hard to clear the queue during each commitfest, Riggs said, but still “it’s overflowing”. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The_latest_version_of_LibreOffice_is_more_compatible with_MS_Office⠀⇛ On its own LibreOffice is a capable piece of software. You can open and edit documents in pretty much the same way you do when you are using Office. LibreOffice has its own [sic] document format known as the Open Document Format which it inherited from its parent Open Office. When you create, open and print documents exclusively in LibreOffice everything is fine. No one can even tell the difference between a hard copy made using LibreOffice and one made using Ms Office. Life is rarely that simple though. The majority of people out there use Ms Office. Often it is necessary to collaborate and share documents with these people. Ms Office does not support the Open Document Format. Instead, it prefers its own proprietary formats such as .xlsx, .pptx and .docx. This means that more often than not when you create a document using LibreOffice you will need to save it in one of these formats if you want to share it with people using Ms Office. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ 6_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Python_Static_Site Generators⠀⇛ LinuxLinks, like most modern websites, is dynamic in that content is stored in a database and converted into presentation- ready HTML when readers access the site. While we employ built-in server caching which creates static versions of the site, we don’t generate a full, static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. However, sometimes a full, static HTML website is desirable. Because HTML pages are all prebuilt, they load extremely quickly in web browsers. There are lots of other advantages of running a full, static HTML website. # § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # ⚓ Open-Source_Insulin:_Biohackers_Aiming_For Distributed_Production⠀⇛ And now, as my daughter gets older and seeks like any teenager to become more independent, new thoughts about insulin have started to crop up. Insulin is expensive, and while we have excellent insurance, that can always change in a heartbeat. But even if it does, the insulin must flow — she has no choice in the matter. And so I thought it would be instructional to take a look at how insulin is made on a commercial scale, in the context of a growing movement of biohackers who are looking to build a more distributed system of insulin production. Their goal is to make insulin affordable, and with a vested interest, I want to know if they’ve got any chance of making that goal a reality. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Private_Flatpak_installations_in_[GNOME]_Builder⠀⇛ Builder needs to deal with many SDK and SDK extensions for applications built upon Flatpak. One thing I never liked about how we did this up until now was that we needed to install Flatpak remotes into the user’s personal Flatpak installation. First, because we needed to add Flathub and gnome-nightly repositories. Secondly, once a year we need to add the flathub-beta remote due to post- branch SDKs relying on beta extensions. Previously this would pollute things like GNOME Software with versions of applications that you might not care about as a user. # ⚓ DevZone_rollout⠀⇛ First announced in the July community update, the DevZone is a project management system for PINE64 devices. It will allow us to have a better overview of ongoing software development, streamline the product prototyping processes and keep track of suggested hardware changes. It is also a way for us to get an up-to-date survey of our developer-pool, including each developer’s core competences and availability. We believe that the introduction of this system will facilitate cooperation and accelerate the process of bringing new devices to the market. # ⚓ Calculate_Geometric_Mean_in_R⠀⇛ The advantage of the geometric mean is It is least affected by extreme values It is based on all observations of the set It is suitable for further algebraic treatment. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ PEP_649_revisited⠀⇛ Back in June, we looked at a change to Python annotations, which provide a way to associate metadata, such as type information, with functions. That change was planned for the upcoming Python 3.10 release, but was deferred due to questions about it and its impact on run-time uses of the feature. The Python steering council felt that more time was needed to consider all of the different aspects of the problem before deciding on the right approach; the feature freeze for Python 3.10 was only around two weeks off when the decision was announced on April 20. But now, there is most of a year before another feature freeze, which gives the council (and the greater Python development community) some time to discuss it at a more leisurely pace. To that end, Eric V. Smith raised the issue on the python-dev mailing list on August 9. He did so in the context of PEP 649 (“Deferred Evaluation Of Annotations Using Descriptors”), which was the late-breaking proposal that caused the original plan to be put on hold. That plan was embodied in PEP 563 (“Postponed Evaluation of Annotations”), which was accepted back in 2017 and was set to become the default—and only—behavior for annotations starting in Python 3.10. The council decided to defer the change in the default until Python 3.11 at the earliest and there is the possibility of switching to the behavior described in PEP 649 instead. Smith wanted to see if the issue could be resolved at this point. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] An_HTML5_Conformance_Checker⠀⇛ The XHTML+SVG and HTML+PNG versions were built from the source files using bib4ht (archived copy of the exact version). The PDF was built from the XHTML+SVG version using Prince 6.0 (alpha 2007-03- 23). * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Keeping_Up_With_the_Donners⠀⇛ Today, Truckee’s main street is a numbingly trendy procession of fashionable shops, fine restaurants, and sporting goods and service providers catering to the tourists who flock to the area year round from the Bay Area and from around the world. In the winter they ski at the local resorts–including the politically incorrect and soon to be renamed Squaw Valley (which hosted the Winter Olympics in 1960). In the summer they come to enjoy the hiking, swimming, and boating opportunities in and around nearby Lake Tahoe. o ⚓ It’s_Time_to_End_the_Great_Game⠀⇛ o ⚓ No_One_Can_Win_Here⠀⇛ “Looks exactly like Arizona!” echoed back and forth between the Arizonians in our platoon. They felt oddly at home. I felt foreign. The terrain very unlike my native New England. Speaking a non-native language. Carrying a gun. I felt a defiance in the mountains. You do not belong here, they were saying in chorus. Nowhere else have I felt a terrain more alive than Afghanistan. The glowing purple mountains, the stark lines in the rocks, the snow that fell so unnaturally slow. Every rock pulsed with a soul. I fell in love with it instantly. I fell in love with the sunsets, the snow, and the defiant mountains. A bittersweet romance from the moment boot touched tarmac. Equally alive are the people whom the mountains have chosen. A selection of tribes who mirror the mountains in beauty and complexity. Prior to deployment, I had immersed myself in Afghan history and politics. I’d read every book I could. I also received an abbreviated training in Dari, which alongside Pashto are the two official languages of Afghanistan. The idea was that every platoon, regardless of job, would have one Dari and one Pashto speaker. With only so many interpreters and since we were no longer technically fighting, but training, having someone around at all times with a passing knowledge of terms was thought to be helpful. My elementary level Dari proved to be an open door to the Afghans I met. My faulting attempts at speaking with them was always met with surprise and enthusiasm. o ⚓ Migration⠀⇛ o ⚓ The_Meaning_of_“Open_Borders”⠀⇛ Needless to say, the hosts of these Fox shows displayed no pushback on these remarkable claims. In fact, quite the opposite. As conservatives, they sympathized with the views of their guests. One of the commentators on Fox and Friends even lamented that Biden isn’t continuing the construction of the Trump Wall along the border. Meanwhile, Noora Barakat, who works at the Vera Institute of Justice, writes, “This week, the Biden administration will officially launch accelerated deportation proceedings for asylum-seeking families in 11 cities across the country.” o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Public_Body⠀⇛ No one should pay for a coronavirus test. This is not a moral judgment but a statement of fact; the US government has decreed it so. Insurers are supposed to cover the tests, at no cost to the consumer. But hospitals recognized an opportunity for profit. The prestigious Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan billed one patient $3,358 for a test in March, The New York Times reported. Northwell Health, the nonprofit that operates the hospital, justified the bill as a necessity: Its emergency room care is simply that good, it claimed. The hospital billed another family $39,314 for 12 tests. # ⚓ We_Should_Hand_Out_Free_Heroin_to_Drug_Users⠀⇛ Let’s give out heroin, for free, to anyone who wants it. This is not a provocation meant to make you gasp or to elicit angry clicks—rather, it’s a proven strategy for reducing the harm of opioids that’s already in use in several countries across the globe. We face two drug-related crises in the United States. The first we can all agree on: Drugs are killing people at unprecedented rates. Over 90,000 people die each year from overdoses in the US, an amount that has quintupled since 1999. The second crisis is disputed, but no less deadly: Our drug policy leaves people to fend for themselves, while we waste time and resources. # ⚓ Tax_Billionaires’_Pandemic_Profits⠀⇛ As Democrats begin the push to invest $3.5 trillion to combat climate change, expand Medicare, ensure child care for working families and more, the age- old question is being repeated in Congress and the media: How are you going to pay for that? # ⚓ Trump’s_Favorite_Pesticide_Banned!⠀⇛ This is but one of many examples of Trump’s public health plans ignoring science and debilitating federal programs that safeguard the public, prompting the idea of whether Trump and his henchmen should be locked in pillory, as the pillory device was commonly used in the Middle Ages for moral and political crimes. People can throw tomatoes at them or commit other devious acts not mentionable herein. Moreover, in April 2019 Trump’s EPA refused to ban asbestos, disregarding the advice of its own experts. Fifty-five industrial nations have already banned it. # ⚓ After_FDA_approval_of_Comirnaty,_antivaxxers_claim_it’s still_“experimental”⠀⇛ I do grudgingly have to hand it to antivaxxers. No matter how often their BS talking points based on bad science, pseudoscience, and conspiracy theories are debunked with science, evidence, events, and reason, they’re always ready with a Talking Point B (and C and D and E) to replace the debunked talking point with a new one. So it is with Comirnaty, (the rather awful name decided upon for the COVID-19 vaccine developed by BioNTech and Pfizer), which was granted full FDA approval on Monday. # ⚓ A_Boy_With_an_Autoimmune_Disease_Was_Ready_to_Learn_in Person._Then_His_State_Banned_Mask_Mandates.⠀⇛ When the coronavirus first swept across Florida last year, Angela Gambrel did everything she could to lock down her home in Sumter County, northeast of Tampa. Her 10-year-old grandson Jayden has a rare brain disease that disrupts his immune system and impairs his memory, making it harder for him to process complex tasks. His doctors urged her to take every possible precaution against the virus. No more supermarket runs. No more football scrimmages with his Special Olympics team. # ⚓ South_Dakota_Covid_cases_quintuple_after_Sturgis_motorcycle rally⠀⇛ The state’s rate of Covid-19 infections per capita in the past two weeks is in the bottom half of the country, but it’s the sharp and sudden increase in case counts that sets it apart. # ⚓ Corporate_Media_Politicize_WHO_Investigation_on_Covid Origins_to_Vilify_China⠀⇛ FAIR (10/6/20, 6/28/21) has previously critiqued Western news media’s credulous coverage of evidence-free “lab leak” speculations. One key factor in spreading suspicion that the coronavirus might have escaped from the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) is media’s early and ongoing politicization of the World Health Organization’s investigation into the pandemic’s origins. Much of this politicization weaponizes Orientalist tropes about China being especially, perhaps genetically, untrustworthy—the sort of people who would unleash Covid-19 on the world. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Microsoft’s_Power_Apps_leaks_data_from_47_companies, report_finds⠀⇛ In June, UpGuard researchers submitted a vulnerability report to Microsoft Security Resource Center (MSRC), addressing the issue of OData feeds identification as it provides unidentified admission to a selection of data and URLs for accounts that were potentially exposing critical data. # ⚓ Cyberattack_Forces_Memorial_Health_System_to_Divert Patients_to_Alternate_Hospitals [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Memorial Health System operates three hospitals in Ohio and West Virginia, all of which have been affected by the attack. Since electronic health records were not accessible, patient safety was potentially put at risk, so the decision was taken to divert emergency patents. # ⚓ Memorial_Health_System_recovers_from_ransomware [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ In a bulletin posted on its site, healthcare facility network Memorial Health System, based in West Virginia and Ohio, said it was beginning the process of recovery and restoration after being hit with a ransomware attack earlier in the week. The network reported on Sunday that it experienced an “information technology security incident” that caused it to suspend all online access across its 64 clinics, including hospitals Marietta Memorial, Selby General, and Sistersville General. Surgeries have been canceled, ambulances have been diverted, and clinic staff have had to work with paper charts. But on Wednesday, the network announced it had reached a “negotiated solution,” and that it is “beginning the process that will restore operations as quickly and as safely as possible.” # ⚓ By_Design:_How_Default_Permissions_on_Microsoft_Power Apps_Exposed_Millions⠀⇛ We had discovered over a thousand anonymously accessible lists across a few hundred portals that needed to be analyzed and potentially notified. Ideally, Microsoft would have been involved in doing so, but our attempt to pursue this option thus far had been unsuccessful– though Microsoft would later take action after we had notified some of the most severe exposures. We spent the next few weeks analysing the data for indicators of sensitivity and reaching out to affected organizations. The notification timelines and data classes for some of the most significant exposures are described below to give a sense of the prevalence and impact of this design decision. # ⚓ Cybersecurity_company_flags_Microsoft_Power_Apps_data leak_of_38M_records⠀⇛ The types of data included names, email addresses, personal information used for COVID-19 contact tracing, COVID-19 vaccination appointments, Social Security numbers for job applicants and employee IDs. # ⚓ Cyber_insurance_market_encounters_‘crisis_moment’_as ransomware_costs_pile_up [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Two separate CEOs of major insurance giants remarked in recent weeks about a considerable jump in cyber insurance premium prices: AIG’s chief executive said rates increased by 40% for its clients, while Chubb’s chief executive said that company was charging more, too. Rather than welcoming the trend, Chubb CEO Evan Greenberg offered a warning. Those price increases, he said, still don’t reflect the grave risk that a catastrophic cyber event poses. “That is not addressing by itself the fundamental issue,” he said. # ⚓ Healthcare_provider_expected_to_lose_$106.8_million following_ransomware_attack [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The bulk of the losses, representing $91.6 million, came from lost revenues during the four weeks the organization needed to recover from the May ransomware attack. Scripps also lost $21.1 million in costs associated with response and recovery. While the company said it recovered $5.9 million through its insurance policy, the healthcare provider said it expects to lose an estimated $106.8 million by the end of the year. The losses stemming from the ransomware attack do not include potential losses due to litigation. # ⚓ The_pandemic_revealed_the_health_risks_of_hospital ransomware_attacks [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The findings, which are still unpublished, should help push back on any groups hesitant to say that cyberattacks are dangerous for patients, says Josh Corman, a senior adviser to CISA, the federal agency that advises on government and private sector cybersecurity issues. “We should stop pretending that there is no harm to human life from cyber attacks,” he says. # ⚓ Microsoft_Is_Going_to_Make_it_Difficult_for Chromebook_Owners_to_Use_Word_Offline [Ed: Any excuses to hamper competition]⠀⇛ About Chromebooks reminded me there is an Office Editing extension from Google that lets you download Word, Excel, and PowerPoint files to edit with Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides. It enables you to edit those files in Google Docs without the [Internet], and it stays dormant in the background until it senses an active connection, when it then uploads your changes. There are also open- source alternatives to opening and editing Office files, namely the Linux version of LibreOffice, a relatively easy install on the Chromebook if you’re not intimidated by Linux apps. # ⚓ Microsoft_Edge_is_so_advanced_that_you_can’t_set_it to_block_autoplay_videos,_even_though_it_has_settings for_that.⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ STARTTLS_considered_harmful⠀⇛ The use of Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption is ubiquitous on today’s internet, though that has largely happened over the last 20 years or so; the first public version of its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), appeared in 1995. Before then, internet protocols were generally not encrypted, thus providing fertile ground for various types of “meddler- in-the-middle” (MitM) attacks. Later on, the STARTTLS command was added to some protocols as a backward-compatible way to add TLS support, but the mechanism has suffered from a number of flaws and vulnerabilities over the years. Some recent research, going by the name “NO STARTTLS”, describes more, similar vulnerabilities and concludes that it is probably time to avoid using STARTTLS altogether. # ⚓ Man_Robbed_of_16_Bitcoin_Sues_Young_Thieves’ Parents⠀⇛ In 2018, Andrew Schober was digitally mugged for approximately $1 million worth of bitcoin. After several years of working with investigators, Schober says he’s confident he has located two young men in the United Kingdom responsible for using a clever piece of digital clipboard-stealing malware that let them siphon his crypto holdings. Schober is now suing each of their parents in a civil case that seeks to extract what their children would not return voluntarily. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Attackers_Take_Advantage_of Unpatched_Vulnerabilities [Ed: More of this Linux FUD from Microsoft-connected_sites]⠀⇛ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Chile_is_Passing_a_Neuro-Rights_Law_to Protect_Mental_Privacy._It’s_Time_for_Other Nations_to_Do_the_Same.⠀⇛ Most of the paper is devoted to a detailed review of over a dozen such eBCI headsets and their potential applications as mass market devices.. But the paper rightly concludes by considering the main ethical issues raised by these eBCI systems, which concern privacy and agency. It points out that neural information acquired using eBCIs could give important insights into how their users think, feel and behave. Neural data could be used to “infer different aspects related to user intention, emotional response, and decision making, as well as conscious and unconscious interest”. That, in its turn, means that eBCIs will be appealing tools for the large- scale collection of consumer biometric data for companies. # ⚓ ISPs_Give_‘Netflow_Data’_To_Third Parties,_Who_Sell_It_Without_User_Awareness Or_Consent⠀⇛ Back around 2007 or so there was a bit of a ruckus when broadband ISPs were found to be selling your “clickstream” data (which sites you visit and how long you’re there) to any nitwit with a nickel, then basically denying they were even doing that. Concerns about that now seem quaint. # ⚓ Amazon_Is_Beefing_Up_Its_Already Dystopian_Worker_Surveillance_Machine⠀⇛ The surveillance technology comes from Netradyne, a California- based company that uses cameras to analyze driver activity so as to provide instant direction (“please slow down,” for instance) while also storing that data to evaluate performance in line with company metrics. In a video about Driveri, Netradyne’s platform, Karolina Haraldsdottir, a senior manager of the last-mile delivery operation at Amazon, emphasizes that the cameras are meant as a safety measure, intended to reduce collisions. # ⚓ From_Pearl_to_Pegasus:_Bahraini Government_Hacks_Activists_with_NSO_Group Zero-Click_iPhone_Exploits⠀⇛ We believe that the specific attacks we mention in this report could have been prevented by disabling iMessage and FaceTime. However, NSO Group has successfully exploited other messaging apps in the past to deliver malware, such as WhatsApp. Thus, disabling iMessage and FaceTime would not offer complete protection from zero-click attacks or spyware. Additionally, disabling iMessage means that messages exchanged via Apple’s built-in Messages app would be sent unencrypted (i.e., “green messages” instead of “blue messages”), making them trivial for an attacker to intercept. # ⚓ Pegasus_Spyware_Uses_iPhone_Zero-Click iMessage_Zero-Day⠀⇛ A never-before-seen, zero-click iMessaging exploit has been allegedly used to illegally spy on Bahraini activists with NSO Group’s Pegasus spyware, according to cybersecurity watchdog Citizen Lab. # ⚓ Digital_Footprints_Pose_a_Risk_for_Young Political_Candidates⠀⇛ A 2018 Pew Research Center survey found that 45% of U.S. teens report being online nearly constantly. All of this activity means we’re creating a permanent record of our lives — every passing opinion, embarrassing photo, and protest attended. For young people who grew up on the internet and later decide they want to go into politics, digital footprints can become ticking time bombs. Opposing candidates — or just random Twitter critics — have a huge trove of potentially compromising material at their disposal. So what happens when old posts meet new aspirations? And how can young candidates reclaim their past? # ⚓ One_Of_The_Men_Charged_In_The_Mich. Governor_Kidnap_Plot_Gets_6_Years_In Prison⠀⇛ Ty Garbin, 25, is the only member of the six men facing federal charges in the kidnapping plot to plead guilty for his role. He also received three years of supervised release following his prison sentence. # ⚓ Man_who_plotted_to_kidnap_Michigan governor_sentenced_to_more_than_6_years_in prison⠀⇛ Garbin, from Hartland Township, Mich., signed a plea agreement in January in which he admitted to helping put together a plan to kidnap Whitmer and wipe out a bridge to hamper efforts by pursuing law enforcement. # ⚓ Man_who_plotted_to_kidnap_Michigan_Gov. Gretchen_Whitmer_sentenced_to_over_6 years⠀⇛ The man, Ty Garbin, 25, is the only person to have pleaded guilty out of the more than a dozen men facing state and federal charges stemming from the plot. Five of those charged in federal court pleaded not guilty and face trial in October. # ⚓ Pakistan_backs_Taliban_with_men,_money, military_aid,_says_expert⠀⇛ Taliban have always been Pakistan’s first and only choice in Afghanistan, right from the emergence of the terrorist group the country has backed them with men, material, money, and military advice and assistance according to a foreign policy affairs expert. Fabien Baussart, the President of Center of Political and Foreign Affairs wrote in Times of Israel that for Pakistan, the Taliban have always been their first and only choice in Afghanistan. Right from the time the Taliban erupted on the scene in Afghanistan, the Pakistanis have backed them with men, material, money, and military advice and assistance. # ⚓ Taliban_Abducting_Children,_Not_Allowing Food_And_Fuel_To_Get_Into_Andarab_Valley⠀⇛ First, the Taliban were using children and the elderly as shields to move around and conduct house raids, now they have stopped the supple of food and fuel in the region. # ⚓ [Old] Afghanistan:_Mounting_Taliban Revenge_Killings⠀⇛ Taliban forces in Afghanistan are targeting known critics for attack despite claiming that they have ordered their fighters to act with restraint, Human Rights Watch said today. In Kandahar, the Taliban have been detaining and executing suspected members of the provincial government and security forces, and in some cases their relatives. # ⚓ UN_rights_boss_says_has_reports_of Taliban_executions,_millions_fearful⠀⇛ The top UN human rights official Michelle Bachelet said on Tuesday that she had received credible reports of serious violations committed by the Taliban in Afghanistan, including summary executions of civilians and restrictions on women and on protests against their rule. Bachelet urged the UN Human Rights Council, holding an emergency session at the request of Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), to set up a mechanism to closely monitor Taliban actions. # ⚓ Cameroon_Says_Numbers_of_Defecting_Boko Haram_Members_Continue_to_Increase⠀⇛ Cameroon says its center for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, or DDR, in Meri, a northern town on the border with Nigeria, is now home to about 1,500 former Boko Haram militants. Three weeks ago, the center had about 750 former militants. DDR officials in Meri said Tuesday most of the 237 former jihadist members who arrived this week included women and children. One hundred are former Boko Haram fighters, all looking tired, unkempt and hungry, officials said. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Secret_Corporate_Memo_Behind_Today’s_Guerilla War_on_Campus_Progressives⠀⇛ As college students return to classes this fall, the latest culture war campaigns will join the pandemic in upsetting campus life. If recent experience is any guide, their proximate cause will be well-funded right-wing groups that thrive on provoking and publicizing conflicts: “Campus Reform” (part of the Leadership Institute), Turning Point USA, and more. # ⚓ “Hear_Our_Cries”:_What_Terrifies_an_Afghan_Women’s_Rights Activist⠀⇛ In early August, after devoting herself for more than 12 years to various aspects of women’s rights, K, whose full name will not be shared for her protection, and her family fled her home in Balkh province in northern Afghanistan. The Taliban had seized Mazar-i-Sharif, the provincial capital. A district governor in the same province, Salima Mazari, a fierce politician in her own right, took up arms to fight the Taliban, but was recently captured by the militant group, and her whereabouts are currently unknown. # ⚓ Reluctant_Acceptance:_Responding_to_Afghanistan’s Refugees⠀⇛ Britain’s Home Secretary, Priti Patel, is none too enthused about welcoming high numbers of Afghan refugees.  “We have to be realistic in terms of those that we can bring to the country and resettle in a safe and secure way while giving them the right opportunities going forward in resettlement.” This waffly formulation has yielded the following formula: the UK will accept a mere 20,000 staggered over five years.  Only 5,000 will be admitted in the next year, after which, presumably, the situation will resolve itself.  “What are the 15,000 meant to do,” asked Labour’s Chris Bryant, “hang around and wait to be executed?” # ⚓ Supreme_Court_Ruling_on_Asylum_Policy_Denounced_as_‘Nothing Short_of_Cruel’⠀⇛ The Biden administration is being urged to strengthen protections for asylum seekers after the U.S. Supreme Court’s Tuesday decision saying the Trump-era Migrant Protection Protocols, which forced asylum seekers at the southern border to wait in dangerous conditions in Mexico pending legal review of their cases, should be reinstated. The “decision forcing the reinstatement of the ‘Remain in Mexico’ policy is nothing short of cruel,” said Yael Schacher, senior U.S. advocate at Refugees International, using the phrase commonly used for the policy. # ⚓ The_Great_Game_of_Smashing_Countries⠀⇛ In 1978, a liberation movement led by the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) overthrew the dictatorship of Mohammad Dawd, the cousin of King Zahir Shar. It was an immensely popular revolution that took the British and Americans by surprise. Foreign journalists in Kabul, reported the New York Times, were surprised to find that “nearly every Afghan they interviewed said [they were] delighted with the coup”. The Wall Street Journal reported that “150,000 persons … marched to honour the new flag …the participants appeared genuinely enthusiastic.” # ⚓ End_of_the_Longest_War_in_US_History_Should_Wake_Us_Up_to Failure_of_Militarism⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_Afghanistan_Vet_Became_a_War_Resister_and_Anti-Racist Activist⠀⇛ # ⚓ Philippine_Human_Rights_Advocates_Oppose_U.S._Military_Use Of_Hawai‘i_Lands⠀⇛ The U.S. military’s presence in Hawai‘i and the Pacific does not create peace. Rather, it represents military occupation. Captain James Cook, the first European to come into contact with Kānaka Maoli in 1778, was a military officer, and the HMS Resolution was a vessel of the British Royal Navy. In 1842, U.S. President John Tyler declared control of Hawai‘i as a “virtual right of conquest.” Armed naval forces of the U.S. invaded Hawai‘i in 1893. The U.S. annexed Hawai‘i in 1898 without the consent of its people. At present, there are 161 U.S. military installations in Hawai‘i, and the U.S. military occupies 22% of the island of O‘ahu.1 Environmental contamination by the U.S. military include the following: # ⚓ Propaganda_Today:_How_US_created_Taliban_&_al-Qaeda,_and behind_Afghanistan_war_profiteering⠀⇛ # ⚓ Jan._6_Committee_Requests_Communications_From_Trump_White House_and_Allies⠀⇛ # ⚓ “Massacre_of_My_Dreams”:_Afghan_Reporter_Bilal_Sarwary_on Fleeing_Kabul_&_Afghanistan’s_“Brain_Drain”⠀⇛ The United States has helped evacuate over 75,000 people since the end of July from the Kabul airport, but the Taliban is now allowing passage only to people with foreign passports or an invitation from the U.S. or one of its allies. President Joe Biden says U.S. troops are on pace to leave the country by the August 31 deadline, despite pressure from U.S. allies in the G7 to stay longer to help more people flee the country. We speak with Afghan journalist Bilal Sarwary, who fled Kabul in recent days after reporting on Afghanistan for 20 years. He says his plane out of the country was an encapsulation of the brain drain from the country, with some of the most prominent artists, journalists and other civic leaders fleeing for their lives. “This is Afghanistan going down the drain in a matter of seconds,” he says. # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_US_Endgame_in_Afghanistan_Was_Mineral Extraction,_Not_Democracy⠀⇛ Since the U.S. withdrawal in Afghanistan, there has been no shortage of solidarity statements to mourn the demise of democracy and support the rule of law in Afghanistan. I appreciate the sentiment, but I am also concerned about the loss of lives and the violations of international law that occurred during the decades of U.S. military occupation in Afghanistan and the failure of the international community to protect the sovereignty of countries. # ⚓ Trump_Ally_Erik_Prince_Is_Charging_People_$6,500_to_Fly_Out of_Kabul⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Monstrous_Human’:_Erik_Prince_Reportedly_Charging_$6,500 for_Seats_Out_of_Kabul⠀⇛ Blackwater founder Erik Prince on Wednesday faced fresh accusations of being a war profiteer in response to reporting that he’s charging $6,500 per person for a seat on an evacuation flight out of Kabul. The reporting by the Wall Street Journal comes amid ongoing evacuations from Afghanistan of civilians, including at-risk Afghans, and follows President Joe Biden’s Tuesday statement he still wants an August 31 deadline for the withdrawal of U.S. troops. # ⚓ Medea_Benjamin:_Afghanistan_War_Is_“Cash_Cow”_for_Pentagon. Biden_Must_End_“Delusional”_China_Rivalry⠀⇛ We look at the situation in Afghanistan, and pressure on Biden to stay longer, with CodePink co- founder Medea Benjamin, who for years has called for an end to the longest war in U.S. history. “We didn’t want it to end like this, and there should have been better planning in terms of getting people out of the country, but we were very clear we never wanted the U.S. to go in to begin with,” says Benjamin. She also warns the end of the War in Afghanistan will encourage the Biden administration to pour more money and resources into a rivalry with China. “It is a delusional idea that we should be focusing on China as an enemy,” she says. # ⚓ Haiti’s_Villages_Continue_to_Be_“Cut_Off_from_Help”_More Than_a_Week_After_Massive_Earthquake⠀⇛ We speak with Stéphane Vincent, a Haitian citizen journalist who is helping the BBC to cover the aftermath of the devastating August 14 earthquake for the BBC and says the destruction in Les Cayes is reminiscent of the 2010 earthquake that struck the country. “To relive that again was very heart- wrenching,” he says. “The people have been feeling left out and abandoned by government.” Vincent co- wrote a BBC article on “The forgotten villages cut off from help.” # ⚓ 11_Days_After_Haiti’s_Earthquake,_Doctor_Describes_Lack_of Treatment,_Supplies_&_COVID-19_Concerns⠀⇛ We go to Les Cayes, Haiti, to speak with a doctor about the conditions near the epicenter of the massive August 14 earthquake, as the death toll passes 2,200, with thousands of survivors growing increasingly desperate. Over 12,000 people were injured and an estimated 53,000 homes were destroyed by the 7.2 magnitude quake. People left unhoused have been living in squalid camps in the mountains north of the hard-hit city of Les Cayes, where children are reportedly suffering from hunger, fevers and infections. There is an acute lack of medical workers and humanitarian aid, says Dr. Chery Marie Anne-Lise, a general practitioner in Les Cayes who has been treating patients following the quake. “People need food. They need water. They need clothes,” says Anne-Lise. # ⚓ “I_Was_Living_Like_Scarface”:_The_Ludicrous_Costs_of_the War_in_Afghanistan_Revealed_in_New_Documents,_Testimonies⠀⇛ The conflict in Afghanistan — for the U.S. at least — appears to be over. Essentially admitting defeat, American planes are beating a hasty and ignominious retreat from Kabul, with images of the withdrawal bearing a striking resemblance to those from the fall of Saigon 46 years previously. # ⚓ America’s_Afghanistan_Guilt:_What_About_the_Women?⠀⇛ Quite a spectacle confronts us:–caches of arms and vehicles in the hands of burley, grim-faced victors; embassy staff hastily destroying ‘stuff’; a puppet president escaping, reportedly with hordes of cash; tens of thousands pleading for refuge; women disappearing behind barred doors; allies condemning the U.S.’s unilateral retreat; emergency troops arriving to secure Kabul airport while personnel, and more stuff are airlifted away. Fears grow of how the Taliban might rule; Islamic warrior excesses from the past are recalled; rumors filter in about Taliban’s brutal takeover of outlying regions. Terror directed at minorities and woman is anticipated; assurances of mercy are disbelieved; fanatic pronouncements are expected. # ⚓ The_Endless_Shadow_of_the_War_on_Terror⠀⇛ It seems like centuries ago, but do you remember when, in May 2003, President George W. Bush declared “Mission accomplished” as he spoke proudly of his invasion of Iraq? Three months later, Attorney General John Ashcroft proclaimed, “We are winning the war on terror.” Despite such declarations and the “corners” endlessly turned as America’s military commanders announced impending successes year after year in places like Afghanistan and Iraq, the war on terror, abroad and on the home front, has been never-ending, as the now-codified term “forever wars” suggests. By 2011, following the death of Osama bin Laden, President Barack Obama admittedthat the killing of the head of al-Qaeda would not bring that war to a close. In May 2011, he informed the nation that bin Laden’s “death does not mark the end of our effort” as “the cause of securing our country is not complete.” As President Biden signals his intention to bring the war on terror as we know it to an end, the question is: What will remain of it both abroad and at home, no matter what he tries to do? # ⚓ Opinion_|_‘Blood_for_Blood’:_On_Jenin_and_Israel’s_Fear_of an_Armed_Palestinian_Rebellion⠀⇛ The killing of four young Palestinians by Israeli occupation soldiers in the Jenin refugee camp in the northern West Bank, on August 16, is a consequential event, the repercussions of which are sure to be felt in the coming weeks and months. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Cargo_bikes_offer_new_way_to_deliver_goods_in_town⠀⇛ Moving goods − and even people − around towns and cities is becoming easier and healthier. Enter the cargo bikes. # ⚓ Atmospheric_CO2_Levels_Haven’t_Been_This_High_in_800,000 Years:_NOAA⠀⇛ Bolstering the case for meaningful climate action, a major report released Wednesday found that Earth’s atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and sea levels both hit record highs in 2020. “This situation is urgent, but it’s not hopeless. We have an opportunity to lead the global response in the fight against the climate crisis—we cannot afford to waste it.”—Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Need_to_Prevent_Orphans:_the_American_Oil_and_Gas Industry_is_Leaving_a_Big,_Dangerous_Mess⠀⇛ The problem with orphans has many facets. Having operators profit from assets and abandon their liabilities is a massive subsidy to the oil and gas industry at a time we should be investing in renewable energy. These wells can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars apiece to plug, even before reclaiming the land or remediating pollution costs are considered. Additionally, a well is a piece of property — the state can’t just go plug it, it has to go through a formal legal process of being declared abandoned. This imposes administrative burdens, delays, and costs as public agency staff must essentially build a legal case against an operator. It can take years to move a particular operator into “orphan status.” Then there are the constraints around publicly run plugging operations. In Colorado, where I live, our Oil and Gas Conservation Commission’s Orphan Well Program has a budget of up to 5 million dollars per year and five full time staff. However the Program has never plugged more than 61 wells in a year. Even if the program could be doubled or even tripled in size, the state currently has approximately 11,000 inactive wells — and is expecting many thousands more in the near future. We need the oil and gas industry to pay their closure costs up front # ⚓ UK_Banks_Defend_Climate_Record_Despite_Billions_Lent to_Fossil_Fuel_Industry_This_Year⠀⇛ UK banks HSBC and Standard Chartered have rejected criticism of their commitment to tackling climate change, despite financing over £5 billion worth of fossil fuel developments in the first half of this year. Barclays, responsible for £3.2 billion of fossil fuel lending, did not respond to a request for comment following the publication of new analysis on the UK’s top three coal, oil and gas funders. # ⚓ Saving_the_Planet_While_Ignoring_Two_Thirds_of_It⠀⇛ For centuries, humanity has viewed the ocean as a metaphor for infinity. The assumption was — and frankly still is for many people — that the enormity of the sea comes with a limitless ability to absorb and metabolize all. This vastness is what lends the ocean deity-like potential. And more dangerously, it is what has given humans the license to dump virtually anything offshore. Oil, sewage, corpses, chemical effluvium, garbage, military ordnance, and even at-sea superstructures like oil rigs disappear into the oceans, as if swallowed up by a black hole, never to be seen again. Ships knowingly release more engine oil and sludge into the oceans in the span of three years than that spilled in the Deepwater Horizon and Exxon Valdez accidents combined. They emit huge amounts of certain air pollutants, far more than all the world’s cars. Commercial fishing, much of it illegal, has so efficiently plundered marine stocks that the world’s population of predatory fish has declined by two thirds. At the same time, since the Industrial Revolution,  companies on land have been allowed to dump carbon into the air for free, and roughly a quarter of that carbon is absorbed by the oceans. The hidden cost to that dumping is what we now call the climate crisis. # ⚓ Methane_Leaking_from_Dozens_of_Oil_and_Gas_Sites_in Romania,_Adding_to_a_European-wide_Problem⠀⇛ The powerful climate pollutant methane is leaking out of dozens of oil and gas wells, pipelines, and storage tanks in Romania, adding to a growing body of evidence that methane leaks are widespread and pervasive in Europe. “Romania has significant problems with its oil and gas production infrastructure, and is a leading emitter of methane in the EU,” said Mihai Stoica, Executive Director of 2Celsius, a Romanian NGO that partnered with the U.S.- headquartered advocacy group Clean Air Task Force (CATF) on the investigation. “These problems will not be resolved overnight, but we must start working on them now. The climate can no longer wait.” # ⚓ Central_Banks_Helping_Funnel_Trillions_of_Dollars into_Fossil_Fuels_Despite_Climate_Pledges,_Research Finds⠀⇛ Central banks are continuing to help channel trillions of dollars into fossil fuels through policy decisions and direct financing, with overall sums rising in recent years, a new report has found. None of the twelve banks examined are on track to meet the Paris Agreement targets despite many of them recently pledging to reach net zero emissions by 2050, the US- based environmental organisation Oil Change International (OCI) said. # ⚓ [Old] Aurora_Botnia:_a_‘never-ending_story’_of development⠀⇛ Aurora Botnia will be approximately 150 m long and will have a gross tonnage of 24,600. It will accommodate 800 passengers and will have a freight capacity of 1,500 lane metres for cargo and cars. Classed as ice class 1ASuper, Aurora Botnia is being built by Rauma Marine Constructions (RMC) shipyard and will replace the existing Wasa Express when delivered in June 2021. It will sail between Vaasa in Finland and Umeå in Sweden on the world’s northernmost all-year passenger route. Using the mix of batteries, LNG and biogas means the ferry is expected to save 50% of CO2 while fuel costs are expected to drop by an impressive 40%. # ⚓ Wasaline’s_LNG-fuelled_Aurora_Botnia_set_for christening⠀⇛ Wasaline’s LNG-fuelled Aurora Botnia will be christened in Vaasa, Finland, today (25 August). # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Does_Nature_Have_Rights?⠀⇛ United Nations released a report warning that climate change is coming faster than predicted and that the world is losing time to act. Bio-cultural diversity loss contributes to the thrashing of livable planetary boundaries. As a cultural anthropologist and activist who has worked in NW Ecuador for more than thirty years, the zone Intag-Manduriacos has lessons for the world. Identified by global ecologists as a hotspot for biodiversity conservation, the local communities are at extreme risk of being turned into zones of mineral extraction. This potential catastrophic future comes despite Ecuadorians’ prescience in ratifying the 2008 Constitution of Monticristi, guaranteeing rights of Nature/ Pachamama and cultural rights for the pluri- nationalities within Ecuador. Heralded by the global community as the first constitution to codify rights of Nature, Ecuadorians dared to transform rules of governance and created a legal blueprint for action to avert a grim climate future. The application of these rights in an area where biodiverse communities hold their cultural, economic, and hydrological systems together has both concrete and philosophical implications for us all. Does Nature/Pachamama Really have Rights? # ⚓ Protect_Life_Itself_and_Make_Proforestation_the Driving_Policy_on_Public_Lands⠀⇛ But we must remember that all is not lost. In response to the report, as usual the mainstream media focused on the need to reduce emissions. But there is another factor of just as great an import, if not more so2. # ⚓ A_Rare_‘Bird_of_Two_Worlds’_Faces_an_Uncertain Future⠀⇛ # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Unprecedented’:_Madagascar_on_Verge_of_World’s_First Climate-Fueled_Famine⠀⇛ Climate experts are warning the current extreme food shortage in southern Madagascar, following a dearth of rain for the last four years, has driven the country to the brink of the world’s first famine driven almost entirely by the climate emergency. “Everyone should have a safe place to live. Wealthy countries must step up and cut emissions now.”—Environmental Justice Foundation # ⚓ The_Middle_East_Is_Draining_Its_Water_Supply⠀⇛ A combination of climate change and unilateral initiatives by three of the region’s governments has dramatically lessened the supply of water. If these challenges are not addressed, the results will be devastating to the livelihood and survival of hundreds of millions of people and other living beings, and the resultant tensions have the potential to fuel even greater conflicts than we see at present. It should be noted that the three unilateral actors are the non-Arab states of Turkey, Israel, and Ethiopia, while the affected populations also include the Arab peoples of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Palestine, Egypt, and Sudan. # ⚓ Where_America_Lost_And_Gained_Population_Could_Help Democrats_In_Redistricting⠀⇛ By contrast, the fastest-growing parts of the country are the suburbs. The average county with an urbanization index between 11 and 13 (spanning from sparse suburban areas like Roanoke County, Virginia, to dense suburban areas like Union County, New Jersey) grew by 9.6 percent between 2010 and 2020. Most of these counties (194 out of 264) voted for Biden, and if the trends of the 2018 and 2020 elections continue, they will only get bluer. America’s cities grew at a healthy rate too, which was something of a surprise compared with pre-census estimates. The 18 most urban counties or county equivalents in the country — those with a FiveThirtyEight urbanization index above 13 (including San Francisco, Philadelphia, four around Washington, D.C., and eight around New York City) — grew by an average of 8.4 percent — and all but one of them voted for Biden in 2020.2 # ⚓ Why_rent_control_isn’t_working_in_Sweden⠀⇛ An Abbé Pierre Foundation report released in May indicated a 11.5% rise in the number of young Swedes on low incomes living in overcrowded properties since 2009. Businesses have also raised concerns about the economic impact, as cities seek to attract skilled workers. The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt Näringsliv) says one in five firms have found it difficult to recruit staff because of housing shortages. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Regardless_of_Media_Spin,_Yesterday’s_Budget_Vote_Was_a Progressive_Victory⠀⇛ # ⚓ Progressives_Vow_to_‘Hold_the_Line’_on_Democrats’_Bold Agenda⠀⇛ In the wake of Tuesday’s House vote on a pair of packages that would invest in U.S. physical and human infrastructure, progressives within and beyond Congress reiterated their commitment to advancing Democrats’ bold agenda, despite sabotage threats from right-wingers in both major parties. “Democrats: hold the line and pass the boldest budget reconciliation package possible before voting on the watered-down Exxon plan.”—Lauren Maunus, Sunrise Movement # ⚓ Only_11_Percent_of_Rental_Aid_Has_Been_Disbursed,_Says_US Treasury⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Unacceptable’:_US_Treasury_Says_89%_of_Rental_Aid_Still Not_Disbursed⠀⇛ As the White House prepares for a U.S. Supreme Court order that could invalidate the new federal eviction moratorium, data released Wednesday revealed that state and local governments have disbursed just 11% of the funds that Congress allocated to help pay off debts accrued by renters during the Covid-19 pandemic. “States… must immediately get these funds to renters with the urgency this crisis demands.”—Rep. Mondaire Jones # ⚓ Majority_in_US—Including_90%_of_Democrats—Back_Spending Trillions_on_Infrastructure⠀⇛ As Democrats in the U.S. House and Senate prepare to write an infrastructure package following Tuesday’s passage of a $3.5 trillion blueprint, new polling out Wednesday shows a majority of U.S. voters support bold proposals to invest in “human infrastructure” and the wellbeing of working people. “Democrats, Independents, and working-class Republicans all over the country support our plan to finally invest in the long-neglected needs of working families.”—Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) # ⚓ Biden_Boosted_Food_Stamps._Let’s_Do_the_Same_to_All_US Anti-Poverty_Programs.⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Real_Socialism_in_America_Isn’t_What_You_Think⠀⇛ It should be ended.  # ⚓ OnlyFans:_Oops,_Just_Kidding;_Keep_Posting_Sexually Explicit_Material⠀⇛ So, last week the news broke that OnlyFans, the wildly popular platform for “subscribing” to private video and photographic content — and whose most popular usecase appears to be for adult content — announced that it was banning “sexually explicit material” in response to difficulty finding investors and payment processors/banks threatening to cut them off (and possibly rejecting too many payments). The whole thing was somewhat confusing because the company did say that nude imagery would still be allowed, just not “sexually explicit,” and I’m sure the guidelines for the company’s content moderation team on that distinction would have been quite something. # ⚓ After_Backlash,_OnlyFans_Suspends_Plan_to_Ban_Sexually Explicit_Content⠀⇛ Sex workers, online influencers, and digital rights advocates cautiously celebrated on Wednesday after the subscription website OnlyFans announced it was suspending widely criticized plans to ban sexually explicit content from the platform. “Organizing works and don’t let anyone ever tell you otherwise.”—Evan Greer, Fight for the Future # ⚓ OnlyFans_reverses_sexually_explicit_content_ban⠀⇛ OnlyFans soared in popularity during the pandemic as bored millions looked to the [Internet] for distraction. Launched in 2016, it now counts some 150 million users worldwide. Top stars include celebrities like rapper Cardi B and the boxer Floyd Mayweather as well as well- known porn actors, but the site is also used by everyone from students to grandparents looking to supplement their income by sharing raunchy images. “OnlyFans’ initial decision to ban adult content was surprising, considering the amount of revenue generated for the platform by adult content creators,” said Scarlett Woodford, an analyst at Juniper Research who tracks the adult entertainment industry. # ⚓ OnlyFans_says_never_mind,_it_actually_won’t_ban_porn_on October_1st⠀⇛ In an abrupt tweet, video and image sharing site OnlyFans announced a reversal of the shocker announcement that it would ban sexually explicit content. In a statement to The Verge, a spokesperson said “The proposed October 1st, 2021 changes are no longer required due to banking partners’ assurances that OnlyFans can support all genres of creators.” o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Democracy_for_Sale’:_Analysis_Ties_Corporate_Consolidation to_Increased_Lobbying⠀⇛ An analysis published Wednesday about corporate consolidation and political lobbying in the United States found that large mergers—particularly in Big Tech, the pharmaceutical industry, and the oil and gas sector—has increased corporate control of American democracy. “Corporate concentration and antidemocratic political influence go hand in hand.”—Report # ⚓ 9_House_Dems_Who_Threatened_Biden’s_Bills_Get_Accolades From_Pro-Business_Groups⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Incredible’:_Court_Restores_Voting_Rights_for_55K_Former Felons_in_North_Carolina⠀⇛ Voting rights advocates in North Carolina on Tuesday applauded a ruling by a panel of three state Superior Court judges for taking “the first step” in restoring justice to tens of thousands of formerly incarcerated people convicted of felonies in the state.  “If the North Carolina courts are expanding voting rights by removing felony disenfranchisement, I can’t imagine they will allow a Republican gerrymander.”—Michael McDonald, University of Florida # ⚓ Devin_Nunes_Loses_Again,_But_He’s_Still_Suing_The_Satirical Cow_Who_Mocked_Him⠀⇛ As you likely know by now, a little over two years ago, Devin Nunes kicked off his SLAPPy litigiousness by suing the satirical internet cow with about 1,200 followers at the time of the lawsuit (it now has over 770,000). What got a bit less attention was that the satirical cow was only one of the four parties sued. There was also another satirical account pretending to be Nunes’ mother, and then there was Twitter and a political consultant named Liz Mair (who he actually sued another time as well — in a case that was also dismissed, though Nunes is appealing). # ⚓ Amazon,_IBM_leaders_among_those_convening_at_White_House for_cyber_meeting_Wednesday⠀⇛ The CEOs of Amazon and IBM will be among a group of leaders from a wide spectrum of tech companies and organizations set to meet with President Biden at the White House on Wednesday. Individuals familiar with the matter confirmed to The Hill on Tuesday that both Amazon CEO Andy Jassy and IBM CEO Arvind Krishna will attend the meeting, which the Biden administration announced last month. A spokesperson for Bank of America also confirmed that chairman and CEO Brian Moynihan will participate in the meeting. # ⚓ Court_Decision_Looms_On_Auto_Right_to_Repair._A_Lawyer Explains_What_It’s_All_About.⠀⇛ Whatever the date, a decision is coming. So what is at stake in this suit? What legal arguments are likely to hold sway as Judge Woodlock makes his decision? And what happens next? Fight to Repair spoke with attorney Alison Eggers of the law firm Seyfarth, which has been providing continuing coverage of the hearings on Question 1 and one of the most consistent sources of news and analysis about the hearing. (Thanks Seyfarth!) This conversation happened at the beginning of the trial back in May, so some of this information is speculative. I’ll update this with links to coverage of the subsequent trial when appropriate. And, obviously, I hope to update this once a decision is out. In the meantime, here’s my conversation with Alison from May: [...] # ⚓ Google_unveils_a_$10_billion_initiative_to_fix_US cybersecurity⠀⇛ Kent Walker, senior vice president of Global Affairs at Google, lays out several initiatives that the company plans to implement to help the country’s efforts. That includes expanding zero- trust guidelines for high-level security within the federal government, pledging $100 million to support open-source security efforts from foundations like the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), and a commitment to training 100,000 Americans in IT Support and Data Analytics over the next three years. # ⚓ Facebook_is_reportedly_forming_an_election_commission_that it_will_announce_in_the_fall⠀⇛ Like how the independent Oversight Board helps review content moderation appeals, it sounds as if Facebook could ask the election commission to handle some decisions about election content. That could reduce the perception that Facebook’s decisions about content are politically biased, which has been a common criticism lobbed toward the company from conservatives. However, it’s unclear if this election commission would operate with the same level of independence as the Oversight Board does. # ⚓ Facebook_Said_to_Consider_Forming_an_Election_Commission⠀⇛ The proposed commission could decide on matters such as the viability of political ads and what to do about election-related misinformation, said the people, who spoke on the condition of anonymity because the discussions were confidential. Facebook is expected to announce the commission this fall in preparation for the 2022 midterm elections, they said, though the effort is preliminary and could still fall apart. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Content_Moderation_Case_Study:_YouTube_Deals_With Disturbing_Content_Disguised_As_Videos_For_Kids_(2017)⠀⇛ Summary: YouTube offers an endless stream of videos that cater to the preferences of users, no matter their age and has become a go-to content provider for kids and their parents. The market for kid- oriented videos remains wide-open, with new competitors surfacing daily and utilizing repetition, familiarity, and strings of keywords to get their videos in front of kids willing to spend hours clicking on whatever thumbnails pique their interest, and YouTube is leading this market. # ⚓ Tech_Giant_Censors_or_the_Stuff_You_Want_Censored?⠀⇛ Fascist nutcases are spreading dangerous nonsense, while billionaire monopolists are virtually disappearing critics and protesters. It’s easy to get confused about what ought to be done. It’s difficult to find any recommendation that isn’t confused. Different people want different outrages censored and censored by different entities; what they all have in common is a failure to think through the threats they are creating to the things they don’t want censored. # ⚓ Moroccan-Italian_citizen_jailed_on_charges_of_insulting Islam_is_freed⠀⇛ A dual Moroccan-Italian citizen jailed for three and a half years for “insulting Islam” will walk free Monday after a court gave her a suspended two- month jail term, a rights group said. # ⚓ I_Produce_Adult_Content_on_OnlyFans._Their_Ban_on_Porn_Will Hurt_Me.⠀⇛ This, however, is not the whole story. In recent years, conservative organizations such as the National Center on Sexual Exploitation (NCOSE) have stepped up a campaign demanding that credit card companies bar adult websites from using their payment services. NCSOE — formerly known as Morality in Media — was founded in the 1960s as part of a religiously inspired backlash against liberalizing attitudes toward censorship. Today, it still advocates for banning all pornography. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Afghanistan_and_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ The true nature of the war in Afghanistan has long ago been revealed by Assange, Wikileaks and others, counter to the propaganda justifying and promoting the war. As Julian said in 2011 when speaking of vested interests ‘…the goal is an endless war, not a successful war’. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Notes_Toward_a_Complainant’s_Bill_of_Rights⠀⇛ 1- An introduction into the parameters of equity with respect to the PAB. # ⚓ John_Lewis_Voting_Rights_Bill_Passes_House_With_Zero Republican_Votes⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Now_the_Senate_Must_Act’:_Progressives_Applaud_House Passage_of_John_Lewis_Voting_Rights_Bill⠀⇛ Progressive lawmakers and outside voting rights advocates heralded passage of the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act in the U.S. House of Representatives on Tuesday evening and immediately called on the U.S. Senate to complete the job by doing the same. “At this pivotal moment for the future of our country, the House has taken a critical step to prevent states from passing voting laws that discriminate against racial minorities,” said Trevor Potter, president of Campaign Legal Center (CLC), after the vote. “Now the pressure is on the Senate to act.” # ⚓ Report_Shows_DOJ_Engaged_In_Selective_Prosecution_To Maximize_Punishment_For_‘Black_Lives_Matter’_Protesters⠀⇛ Under Trump, the DOJ did all it could to break the spirit of the Black Lives Matter movement that took on renewed vigor last spring following yet another killing of an unarmed black person by a white cop. That’s according to a report [PDF] by The Movement for Black Lives, which examined BLM-related prosecutions headed by federal prosecutors. # ⚓ North_Dakota_Supreme_Court:_An_Officer’s_Camera_Is_More Trustworthy_Than_His_BS_Testimony⠀⇛ While body-worn cameras have mainly proven to be a boon for prosecutors, rather than the all-purpose accountability tools many of us thought they would be [raises hand sheepishly], the mere existence of more recordings is still a net gain for the general public. # ⚓ The_Moral_Implications_of_Bloodlust,_White_Supremacy, Christian_Nationalism⠀⇛ The U.S. invaded Afghanistan after Al Qaeda terrorist followers of Osama Bin Laden commandeered and crash-bombed four commercial airliners on Sept. 11, 2001, killing 2,977 and wounding more than 6,000 people in New York City, Washington, D.C., and in Pennsylvania. When intelligence assessments traced the terrorists to Afghanistan, Congress authorized President George W. Bush to use military force. The “war on terror” began in Afghanistan because that was where Osama Bin Laden lived. Bin Laden finally was found in Pakistan and killed in 2011, 10 years after the Taliban regime that governed Afghanistan was defeated by U.S. forces at the end of 2001. # ⚓ Opinion_|_According_to_US_Supreme_Court,_Right_to_Buy_an Election_More_Protected_Than_Right_to_Vote_in_One⠀⇛ Earlier this summer in Brnovich v. Democratic National Committee, the U.S. Supreme Court’s Republican majority held an Arizona election law did not violate the federal Voting Rights Act, because it discriminatorily abridged the voting rights of only a few thousand voters of color. Prior to Brnovich, in Arizona Free Enterprise Club’s Freedom PAC v. Bennett, its Republican majority found Arizona’s campaign finance law did violate the First Amendment, because it enabled candidates relying on public campaign funding to spend as much on their campaigns as their privately financed opponents.   # ⚓ New_Laws_Have_Basically_Ended_Voter_Registration_Drives_In Some_Parts_Of_The_U.S.⠀⇛ Across the country, new state laws tightening voting restrictions come in two basic varieties – those that make it harder to cast a vote and those making it more difficult to get registered to vote in the first place. As Frank Morris of member station KCUR reports, a new Kansas law has effectively shut down voter registration drives there. # ⚓ Islamic_Police,_Hisbah_Arraigns_Kannywood_Actress_For Uploading_‘Sexual_Content’_On_Social_Media⠀⇛ She was then detained in the custody of the Islamic police until early Monday when she was brought before the Sharia court sitting in Sharada area of the state. According to the First Information Report (FIR) filed against her, she was alleged to have consistently posted indecent videos in which she was dancing seductively and making sexual comments on her social media handles and YouTube channel. The accused person pleaded guilty to a one-count charge of obscenity and indecent act, which contradicts section 355 of Penal Code Law 2000. # ⚓ Naila_Amin,_Forced_Marriage_Survivor,_Uses_Her_Past Experiences_to_Drive_Her_Activism⠀⇛ Naila: I went to high school in the suburbs, in Baldwin, New York, and prior to being taken to Pakistan, I was placed in foster care because my parents found out that I had a boyfriend and they got angry and beat me. Child Protection Services got involved, and I was placed in the foster care system in March of 2004. I was lost and confused while bouncing from group home to group home. I missed the stability that my parents provided me, so I ran away from a group home in Port Washington and went to my parents’ house. Shortly after, during my freshman year of high school, I was taken abroad to Pakistan. I was forced to go live with my rapist, who was the cousin I was promised to. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Switching_from_Comcast_to_T-Mobile_Home_Internet.⠀⇛ o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung_Can_Remotely_Disable_Any_of_Its_TVs_Worldwide⠀⇛ What you may be surprised to hear is that Samsung can do this to any of its TVs, regardless of where they are in the world. The company admitted as much in its latest Samsung Newsroom post detailing how the TVs in South Africa were stolen and then disabled. The technology is called TV Block and it’s “pre- loaded on all Samsung TV products.” Whenever a TV is confirmed as being stolen, Samsung logs the serial number of the TV and then waits for it to be connected to the internet. At that point a Samsung server is connected to by default, the serial number is checked, and if it’s on the list, “the blocking system is implemented, disabling all the television functions.” # ⚓ Does_OpenView_HD_really_have_the_capacity_to_block_Zim decoders?⠀⇛ Most people cannot stomach the content that our sole broadcaster and solitary TV channel pushes out. Those that can afford it have always found comfort in the arms of DStv. Those who cannot use to have Wiztech and Philibao Free To Air decoders. Then eTV, the people behind OpenView Decoders, flipped the switch. They encrypted their signal, SABC followed suit and overnight turned those Wiztechs and Philibaos into glorified paperweights. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Neurim_v_Mylan:_Take_Two [Ed: Reposted in another site now. Marks & Clerk, an overzealous and corrupt litigation firm, trying to dominate "the news" in this case]⠀⇛ Last time we were writing about the Neurim v Mylan battle concerning Circadin (“Going out with a Bang, what a difference 2 days makes”) it was Mylan with the upper hand ([2021] EWHC 530 (Pat)). Neurim had been successful in the UK trial ([2020] EWHC 3270 (Pat)) but then lost that patent at the EPO by withdrawing their appeal (following negative indications at the oral proceedings). Fast-forward to a busy last week of court term and Mr Justice Mellor (in a judgment dated 2 August 2021) has given Neurim a fighting chance of obtaining an injunction against Mylan by agreeing that Neurim can have an expedited preliminary issue trial ([2021] EWHC 2198 (Pat)). This situation has arisen because a divisional patent (EP 3 103 443) granted on 30 June 2021 (but expires 12 August 2022). Neurim promptly sued Mylan on the new divisional and are asserting that, because they were successful at the prior UK trial, Mylan are estopped from asserting invalidity or non-infringement. The normal course of UK litigation, while quick, would not provide Neurim with a judgment until after the patent has expired. Further, an interim injunction is not a course realistically open to Neurim (this question between the parties has already been to the UK Court of Appeal: [2020] EWCA Civ 793)). # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Tux:_A_brief_history_of_the_Linux_mascot⠀⇛ It wasn’t until Linus Torvalds (the creator of Linux) mentioned that he was fond of penguins. That mention pretty much ended the debate and a penguin would become the mascot of Linux. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Joe_Rogan,_confined_to_Spotify,_is_losing_influence⠀⇛ However, a new data investigation by The Verge finds that the powerful podcaster’s influence has waned since he went behind Spotify’s wall. His show has declined as a hype vehicle for guests, and Rogan’s presence as a mainstay in the news has plummeted. Because Spotify doesn’t share how many plays each podcast gets, or how many unique listeners regularly tune in, we looked instead at a secondary metric: how much of a promotional boost Rogan gives his guests. To do this, we pulled data from the analytics tool Social Blade to track the Twitter following of every guest who went on Rogan’s podcast between December 2019 and July 2021. Guests generally see a surge of new followers after appearing on the show, with some gaining as many as 18,000 new followers in the week following their chat, and that effect has grown over time as The Joe Rogan Experience gained popularity. While we can’t attribute every new follower to Rogan — guests might have been on a media tour to promote a new movie or book, for instance — the bump after a Rogan appearance is constant. # ⚓ Apple_says_researchers_can_vet_its_child_safety features._But_it’s_suing_a_startup_that_does_just that.⠀⇛ When Apple announced new technology that will check its US iCloud service for known child sexual abuse material, it was met with fierce criticism over worries that the feature could be abused for broad government surveillance. Faced with public resistance, Apple insisted that its technology can be held accountable. “Security researchers are constantly able to introspect what’s happening in Apple’s [phone] software,” Apple vice president Craig Federighi said in an interview with the Wall Street Journal. “So if any changes were made that were to expand the scope of this in some way—in a way that we had committed to not doing—there’s verifiability, they can spot that that’s happening.” Apple is suing a company that makes software to let security researchers do exactly that. # ⚓ Fake_‘U.S._Copyright_Office’_Imposter_Gets_Google_To Delist_URLs_On_Section_1201_Grounds⠀⇛ We’ve done more than our share of posts in the past about the problems within the DMCA takedown system as currently practiced. The reason for so many posts is in part due to the sheer number of problems with how this all works. For starters, when notices go out to search engines like Google to delist “problem” URLs, those notices are often times generated by automated systems that unsurprisingly result in a vast majority of notices targeting URLs that are non- infringing. As in, over 99% of those notices. And even once we get past the malpractice of using automation buckshot notices that result in an incredible amount of collateral damage, we then have to add the wide open avenues for fraud and abuse of the DMCA system. That type of fraud runs the gamut, from trolls merely trying to cause chaos for the fun of it to competitors of certain forms of content trying to hurt the competition. In the immortal words of former NFL coach John Fox: “It’s all a problem.” # ⚓ Filelinked_Was_Shut_Down_By_ACE_–_Can_Replacements Avoid_The_Same_Fate?⠀⇛ Back in June, the hugely popular Filelinked service, which enabled Amazon Fire TV users to easily install piracy-related apps, disappeared in mysterious circumstances. It’s now confirmed that the powerful Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment took Filelinked down. That raises the question of whether services that offer the same functionality will be able to weather the storm. # ⚓ Usenet_Indexer_NZBXS.com_Shares_User_Details_With Anti-Piracy_Group_and_Shuts_Down⠀⇛ Dutch anti-piracy outfit BREIN has claimed another victory on the piracy front. Usenet indexing site NZBXS.com agreed to shut down voluntarily but, as part of a confidential settlement, BREIN also received personal details of the site’s API users, who can expect to receive a message from the anti- piracy group in the near future. # ⚓ Meet_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Dr._Suma_Parahakaran⠀⇛ Based in: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia  ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4457 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_26/8/2021:_“Apps_for_GNOME”,_Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS,_and_MakuluLinux_Droid Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 4:37 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Running_benchmarks_with_Vulkan_in_Crostini_(Linux_for Chrome_OS)_yields_surprising_results⠀⇛ We recently cracked the case of how to get Vulkan graphics acceleration working in Crostini. I’ve got a full guide on how to do this yourself coming up as my next article so stay tuned for that if you’d like to be able to tinker with this a bit yourself! With the power of Vulkan, we wanted to see how well this all performs inside and outside of a the virtualized Crostini environment. Spoiler alert: the first results aren’t great. Let me first start with a disclaimer. There’s a reason Vulkan isn’t enabled for the masses: it’s not ready yet. We’re seeing a large performance drop comparing a game running in and outside of Crostini. This new graphics pass-through driver, code-named Venus, was only merged upstream a few months ago and is truly revolutionary. There could be lots of patches behind closed doors at Google that we don’t know about. We only have what is publicly available to us. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_practices_for_Linux_admins_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Linux is a powerful platform, one that Enterprise businesses of all kinds have grown to depend on. In fact, without Linux, most businesses would struggle to remain as agile and capable as they are. That’s significant, given how competitive the corporate landscape has become. If your business isn’t able to pivot in an instant, you’ll fall behind quickly. That means your IT staff needs not only have the skills required to deploy and manage the Linux operating system, they also need to understand some of the more important best practices that can help keep those systems running smoothly and securely. This PDF download from TechRepublic Premium takes a look at some of the best practices you should be applying to all of your Linux deployments, broken down into easily managed categories. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ BSDNow_417:_bhyve_private_cloud⠀⇛ Achieving RPO/RTO Objectives with ZFS pt 1, FreeBSD Foundation Q2 report, OpenBSD full Tor setup, MyBee – bhyve as private cloud, FreeBSD home fileserver expansion, OpenBSD on Framework Laptop, portable GELI, and more. # ⚓ Linux_Distro_Review:_Crunchbang++_11_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Crunchbang++ 11 was recently released, and it’s awesome! So, why aren’t more people aware of this really good Linux distro? Crunchbang++ is lightweight, fun to use, and well designed. In this video, I install the latest version and check it out. # ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_core_Quick_overview_#Shorts_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A Quick overview of Zorin OS 16 core https:// youtu.be/SqAISUFTYLg Zorin OS is an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution designed especially for newcomers to Linux. It has a Windows-like graphical user interface and many programs similar to those found in Windows. Zorin OS also comes with an application that lets users run many Windows programs. The distribution’s ultimate goal is to provide a Linux alternative to Windows and let Windows users enjoy all the features of Linux without complications. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Podcast_from_the_UK_LoCo:_S14E25_–_Noisy_Copy_Lies⠀⇛ This week we’ve been fixing 3″ disk drives and reading magazines. We round up the news from the Ubuntu community and discuss our favourite picks from the wider tech news. It’s Season 14 Episode 25 of the Ubuntu Podcast! Alan Pope, Mark Johnson and Martin Wimpress are connected and speaking to your brain. # ⚓ Why_perfect_Linux_is_impossible…on_the_desktop._– Invidious⠀⇛ The first 1,000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: https://skl.sh/ infinitelygalactic08211 I’ve had an epiphany. It’s impossible for desktop Linux users to get the ‘perfect OS’ because each Linux distro has different priorities to balance. So, here’s my 12 pillars of an operating system and why we can’t have nice things. What order would you put these 12 pillars in? Is there a pillar missing? o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.13.13⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.13.13 kernel. All users of the 5.13 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 5.13.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/ git/stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.13.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... # ⚓ Linux_5.10.61⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.4.143⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.19.205⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.14.245⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.9.281⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.4.282⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_is_30_years_old [Ed: 30 years ago it was still a proprietary_kernel]⠀⇛ Still not on the desktop but not even Steve Ballmer saw this day coming On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, then a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland, sent a message to the comp.os.minix newsgroup soliciting feature suggestions for a free Unix-like operating system he was developing as a hobby. # ⚓ Greg_Kroah-Hartman_Talks_about_Linux_Turning_30⠀⇛ Linux has turned 30 years old, and the Linux kernel now runs at the heart of more than three billion active Android devices, making it the most-used operating system in the world. In this article, Thomas Claburn talks with Greg Kroah-Hartman, the Linux Foundation fellow who oversees stable Linux kernel releases and has worked on the kernel for more than 20 years, to learn about what’s happened and where Linux is going. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Chrome_94_Beta_Released_With_WebCodecs_API_Promoted, WebGPU_Origin_Trial⠀⇛ Google promoted Chrome 94 to beta status today with some exciting changes. First up, Chrome 94 Beta marks the completion of the WebCodecs API under its origin trial and thus now officially available. WebCodecs is the low-level codec API around audio/video encoding and decoding along with raw video frame handling and more. WebCodecs API handling is intended to be more efficient than JavaScript or WebAssembly codec implementations. # ⚓ Google_Working_On_Making_VirtIO-GPU_More_Extensible⠀⇛ Google Chrome OS engineers are working on making Linux’s VirtIO-GPU driver more extensible. The VirtIO-GPU driver has been modeled around the Virgl protocol for handling 3D within guest virtual machines but with a new context type addition they aim to support additional protocols. With the proposed “context type” addition to VirtIO-GPU, multiple different protocols could be supported for allowing GPU communication between the guest VM and the host. Virgl could still be supported alongside other protocols like GFXSTREAM rendering commands for OpenGL or Vulkan and more rather than artificially limiting VirtIO-GPU to the Virgl use-case. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ LLVM_Clang_13_Performance_Is_In_Great_Shape_For_Intel_Xeon “Ice_Lake”⠀⇛ Across testing these three LLVM Clang releases to look at the resulting performance of the generated binaries, the CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS were maintained as “- O3 -march=native” throughout. The test server was the Intel Xeon Platinum 8380 2P with 512GB of RAM running on an Intel 7.68TB D7-P5510 SSD using Ubuntu 21.04 with the Linux 5.14 kernel. The only change being made across testing was moving the compiler used for building the open-source C/C++ benchmarks from Clang 11.0.1 to Clang 12.0 to Clang 13.0 Git using the apt.llvm.org binaries. LLVM 13 brings AMD Zen 3 tuning, the GFX1013 target being added to the AMDGPU back-end for RDNA2 APUs, guaranteed tail calls are now supported via statement attributes for C and C++, many improvements to clang-format, the build system now allows building multiple distributions, support for ARMv9-A’s Realm Management Extension (RME), the Hexagon target now supports the V68/HVX ISA, C API improvements, and a variety of other enhancements. Right from the start we see LLVM Clang 13 continuing to show improved performance over its predecessors. These days with LLVM Clang being effectively at pairty to GCC on AArch64 and x86_64, the performance difference between releases tend to be less so than in the past, but there still being made here and there. There are some exceptions like with the libraw image decoder library seeing some nice improvements with Clang 13.0 on this Ice Lake Linux server. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenShot_2.6.0_Released!_How_to_Install_it_in_Ubuntu_20.10, 20.04⠀⇛ OpenShot video editor released v2.6.0 with new computer vision, AI and audio effects. The official PPA has been updated with Ubuntu 21.10 support. After more than one year of development, the free open-source video editor released its “finest” version. # ⚓ OpenShot_Video_Editor_2.6.0_Released_with_Many Improvements⠀⇛ OpenShot Video Editor 2.6.0 comes with the all necessary tools a user needs to create exclusive videos for online sharing channels like YouTube. OpenShot is a free video editing software for Linux, macOS, and Windows. It is a very easy to use video editor that surprises its users with the power it has. Key features include video effects, audio waveforms, title editing, 3D animations, multi-lingual and desktop integration. The interface is quite simple and offers everything you need in a video editing app. The user can switch easily between the Advanced and Simple views depending upon the information which is needed to be seen at any time on the screen by anyone. Apart from this, the users can customize this interface to suit their needs. # ⚓ OpenShot_2.6_Adds_Computer_Vision,_AI_Effects_and_More⠀⇛ OpenShot 2.6 brings the most requested features such as AI based object tracking and more. We recap the release in this post. # ⚓ exatorrent_Is_A_New_Self-Hostable_BitTorrent_Client Featuring_A_Responsive_Web_Interface,_Streamable_Torrents⠀⇛ exatorrent is a new cross-platform self-hostable BitTorrent client written in Go. It’s made with servers / seedboxes in mind, but you can also run it locally. Even though it just had its 0.0.1 release, the free and open source application is already quite feature-rich, having a responsive web client (written in Svelte and Typescript) as well as WebSocket API support (so you can write your own client for it), multiple ways of adding torrents (magnet, infohash or torrent file), speed limiter, multi-user authentication, and even the ability to stream audio / video torrents directly in the web browser, or via VLC or mpv. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Deepin_on_Manjaro_21_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Deepin on Manjaro 21. For those of you who didn’t know, Deepin Desktop environments is a beautiful graphical user interface developed by Deepuin Linux developers. DDE comprises the Desktop Environment, Deepin Window Manager, Control Center, Launcher, and Dock. It is lightly configurable. A 64-bit installation of Manjaro running Deepin uses about 525MB of memory. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Deepin Desktop Environment on a Manjaro 21 (Ornara). # ⚓ How_to_use_the_Pale_Moon_browser_on_Linux⠀⇛ Pale Moon is a fork of Mozilla Firefox. It is open- source and exists as a response to the further slide into proprietary habits. As a result, it is not as modern as Firefox but respects your freedom as a Linux user much more. This guide will show you how to install and use the app on your Linux system. # ⚓ How_to_watch_Netflix_on_the_Linux_desktop_with Electronplayer⠀⇛ If you wish to watch Netflix on your Linux desktop, you won’t be able to download the official Netflix app like in Windows. Instead, you’ll need to use Electronplayer. It is an advanced application that supports most modern streaming services. Here’s how to set it up on your system. Note: to successfully follow this guide, you will need to have a Netflix account. This is because Netflix will not function within Electronplayer without an account. To find more information on how to create a new account, please head over to the Netflix website. # ⚓ How_to_watch_Hulu_on_the_Linux_desktop_with Electronplayer⠀⇛ Are you looking to watch Hulu on your Linux PC from the comfort of your Linux desktop? Tired of opening up Firefox or Chrome to watch your shows? Check out Electronplayer. It’s a streaming app for Linux that supports most mainstream streaming services, including Hulu. Here’s how to set it up on your system. Note: to successfully follow this guide; you will need to have a Hulu account, as well as a paid subscription for the service. Hulu will not function within Electronplayer without an account. Find more information about Hulu here. # ⚓ How_to_use_the_Shutter_screenshot_app_on_Linux⠀⇛ Shutter is a complex screenshot application for the Linux desktop. With it, users can take screenshots of selections on the screen and the entire desktop. Shutter also has a built-in image editor for touching up screenshots. Here’s how to use it on your Linux system. # ⚓ How_to_create_locally_signed_SSL_certificates_with_mkcert_– TechRepublic⠀⇛ When you deploy websites and services, you almost always depend on SSL certificates to add a layer of assurance to those who connect to those deployments. For anything in production, you’ll be purchasing your SSL certificates from a certificate authority, otherwise, you’re not really giving those users much assurance. However, for testing purposes, there’s no reason to purchase those certificates from an authority (at least not until you’re ready to move to production). For those instances, I like to generate locally signed certificates. There are a few tools available for Linux to create self-signed certificates, one of which is mkcert. # ⚓ How_to_Mount_and_Unmount_ISO_Files_in_Linux⠀⇛ An ISO file is a soft copy of the DVD or CD content, instead of a hard copy. Manufacturers use ISO files to save on shipping and hidden charges incurred in delivering CDs and DVDs. On Linux-based machines, mounting ISO images might seem complex to beginners. Since Linux is a terminal-focused operating system, mounting and unmounting ISO files require special tools and commands. You can mount and unmount ISO images on Linux using both command line and graphical methods. Here are the steps for mounting ISO images on Linux. # ⚓ Install_ClamAV_on_Rocky_Linux_8_|_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ ClamAV for Linux is a free and open-source virus scanner that is operated via the command line. Here we will see the process of installing ClamAV (Clam AntiVirus) on Rocky Linux 8 or AlmaLinux 8. ClamAV anti-virus engine scanner clamd (ClamAV daemon) service can be started in the background to receive calls (for virus scanning) from other programs. This antivirus mainly uses as a server- side virus scanner on mail servers. ClamAV offers a Command-line scanner, a Milter interface for Sendmail, an Advanced database updater, and built- in support for archive formats, ELF executables + Portable Executable files, and popular document formats. Hence, it is using for various purposes such as email scanning, web scanning, and endpoint security. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Apache_Solr_on_CentOS_&RHEL_8_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Apache Solr is an open-source search platform written on Java.Solr provides full-text search, spell suggestions, custom document ordering and ranking, Snippet generation, and highlighting. Solr handles a variety of data types out of the box, including JSON, XML, many Office documents, CSV, and more. Solr is designed for scalability and fault tolerance. alsoused for enterprise search and analytics use cases and has an active development community and regular releases. Also Solr is the popular, blazing-fast, open source enterprise search platform built on Apache Lucene™. # ⚓ How_To_Install_MongoDB_Compass_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MongoDB Compass on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, MongoDB Compass is a graphical tool for MongoDB. It visually allows you to explore your data, run the queries, and interact with the database with full CRUD functionality. It also has a query performance monitoring system so that you can check and optimize queries and this GUI is available on Linux, Mac, or Windows. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the MongoDB Compass on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Add_or_Create_sudo_User_in_Linux_System_ [Quickstart]⠀⇛ The sudo is one of the most popular command-line programs used in Linux systems. It gives you the privilege to perform server administration as a non-root user. To use the sudo command, first, you have to know how to create a sudo user in Linux. After adding a sudo user, you will have access to all the commands associated with sudo. Depending upon the operating system of the user, the procedure of installing sudo and adding a new user account with sudo access is slightly different. Most of the popular distros of Linux are going to be covered in this post. Stay tuned. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Debian_11_on_Your_PC_Easily⠀⇛ Installing Debian could be easy or complicated depending upon the ISO you choose. If you go with the default ISO provided by the Debian website, you’ll have a hard time installing Debian. You’ll be stuck at a screen that asks for network drivers to be installed from external removable media. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Latest_Nginx_Mainline_or_Stable_on_Debian_11 –_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ For those using Debian 11, you might have noticed that installing Nginx directly from Debian’s repository does not install the latest stable or mainline version. In fact, it is quite far behind where Nginx is stable, and Mainline is at the current time of its development. For most, using the default Nginx that comes bundled with Debian will be preferred, but for those wanting to use newer versions for the newest features, the following tutorial will cover the steps needed to do this. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ntopng_Network_Monitoring_Tool_on_Ubuntu 20.04_–_VITUX⠀⇛ Ntopng is a web-based application for true network traffic flow monitoring that is available as open freeware. It’s an improved kind of innovative Ntop that displays network use, statistics, and analytical data. It works with a variety of computer systems, including Windows, Linux, Mac OS, and BSD. Ntopng comes in professional and corporate editions with license restrictions, as well as a free open source community version. In this guide, I will show you how to install and configure the Ntopng community edition on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ How_to_Migrate_From_CentOS_8_to_RockyLinux_8.4⠀⇛ The end of 2021 is near, which means the EOL (end of life) of CentOS 8 is near too. So there are no more updates and support for the CentOS 8 Linux, and it’s huge disadvantages for everyone who using CentOS as the main operating system in the development and production environment. On contrary, there is a new Linux distro replacement for CentOS 8, one of them is called “Rocky Linux”. In case you are CentOS 8 user and want to migrate to Rocky Linux, you don’t need to rebuild and reinstall your server/server. Because the Rocky Linux project provides a handy migration tool for anyone who wants to migrate from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux. This tool is a life-saver for anyone who wants to migrate their development or production environment to Rocky Linux. In this guide, you will learn how to migrate from CentOS 8 to Rocky Linux 8.4 using the migration tool provided by the Rocky Linux project. # ⚓ How_to_customize_the_OpenShift_Compliance_Operator_by_using a_tailored_profile_–_IBM_Developer⠀⇛ Developers no longer just build applications, but also play essential roles for infrastructure operations in DevOps and infrastructure as code (IaC) areas. In those situations, you may also be responsible for the operation of test infrastructure that runs on a managed service such as Red Hat OpenShift on IBM Cloud. Ensuring its security and regulatory compliance is also important and you may want to automate such work. That automation can be facilitated by an OpenShift Operator called Compliance Operator, which is a compliance status check engine for OpenShift clusters. # ⚓ How_to_handle_complex_dated_and_timed_tasks_in_Bash_| Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Most of the time when you run a script, you’re concerned with its immediate results. Sometimes, though, the task is complex or needs to execute at a particular time, and there are many ways to achieve that goal. # ⚓ How_to_switch_boot_target_to_text_or_GUI_in_systemd_Linux_– nixCraft⠀⇛ Most modern Linux distro uses systemd as init replacement. It is a suite of basic building blocks for Linux distros such as RHEL/CentOS & co, OpenSUSE/SUSE, Fedora, Arch, Debian, Ubuntu, and more. By default, most distro boot into GUI, but you can change to text or vice versa. The older version of the Linux distros came with SysV init or Upstart. Such init provided a set of runlevels for text, muli user, and GUI system. However, systemd uses the concept of targets instead of runlevels. This page explains procedures to implement runlevel like config when working with systemd targets. In other words, you will learn how to switch between text or GUI mode using systemd instead of init levels on modern Linux distros. # ⚓ Install_Docker_CE_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_Linux⠀⇛ Run container virtual machine by installing Docker CE on Debian 10 or 11 Bullseye Linux using the guide given here in this article… Debian 11 is the latest long-term supported release from the developers of this Linux. However, if you are using it and don’t want to install any Virtual machine software such as Virtual Box, then Docker will be the best and lightweight platform to quickly create containers using various Linux OS and other App images. # ⚓ Install_Java_16_(OpenJDK_16)_on_Rocky_Linux_8⠀⇛ Java is a free, open-source, multipurpose, and high-level object-oriented programming language. Generally, it is used for creating web, mobile, and cloud applications. You can create games, chatbots, and other applications using the Java language. Java JDK is a collection of several tools including, JRE, Java, Javac, and Jar. There are two variants of JDK, OpenJDK and Oracle JDK. OpenJDK is a completely open-source Java with a GNU General Public License while Oracle JDK requires a commercial license under the Oracle Binary Code License Agreement. In this post, we will show you how to install OpenJDK 16 and Oracle JDK 16 on Rocky Linux 8. # ⚓ Introduction_to_the_Node.js_reference_architecture,_Part_5: Building_good_containers_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Explore the Node.js reference architecture’s best practices for building good containers and ensuring faster development cycles and better deployments. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_play_Deadcore_on_Linux⠀⇛ Deadcore is a platformer FPS that blends both exploration and speedrunning. The game was developed by 5 Bit Games and published by BANDAI NAMCO Entertainment. Here’s how to play Deadcore on Linux. # ⚓ Try_the_new_demo_for_the_superhero_satire_Henchman_Story releasing_October_14_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Henchman Story is an upcoming satirical visual novel that takes aim at the world of superheroes. The developer has announced it’s releasing on October 14 and there’s a huge demo upgrade. Another game coming thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign, where Silken Sail Entertainment managed to pull in over $18K back in October 2020. # ⚓ Ultimate_ADOM_–_Caverns_of_Chaos_leaves_Early_Access_with_a big_content_update_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Ready for more hardcore roguelike action? Ultimate ADOM – Caverns of Chaos has now left the Early Access dungeon, along with a big content update adding in a new playable class. 25 years or so after the original ADOM by some of the same team, this is a proper roguelike. The big new update added in a Necromancer Class, 68 new skills, 19 new spells, 20 new monsters, the faction system was expanded, you can customize your character and a whole lot more. Seems like a pretty good update overall to the game – hopefully it might now appease some classic ADOM fans. # ⚓ Kathy_Rain:_Director’s_Cut_gets_a_new_limited-time_demo_for Gamescom_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Kathy Rain: Director’s Cut is the revamp of the popular 2016 adventure game. Rebuilt with the Unity game engine along with native Linux support. This new demo isn’t up for long though, as you have until later tomorrow to download and try it out (although plenty of demos work outside of Steam if you back them up…). Set in the 90′s, Kathy Rain: Director’s Cut is a reimaging of the original story from 2016. Kathy is a strong-willed journalism major who must come to terms with her troubled past as she investigates the mysterious death of her recently departed grandfather. # ⚓ Destiny_2_on_Stadia_finally_gets_cross-platform_play_| GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ For those of you using Linux and the cloud gaming service Stadia, Destiny 2 got a huge boost recently as Bungie finally implemented cross-play. Sadly, Destiny 2 doesn’t yet work on the Linux desktop directly through Steam Play Proton, and they’ve just recently added in BattlEye which makes it even more difficult to get working. Thankfully, Stadia is an option that works quite well on Linux in a Chromium browser. One issue though is that the Stadia player-base isn’t exactly all that big so finding people to play with could have been an issue. # ⚓ Have_a_big_party_in_the_new_Tropico_6_–_Festival_expansion out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Running an island doesn’t need to be boring and now you can have a wild party in Tropico 6 as Kalypso Media today released the Tropico 6 – Festival DLC. Probably the most creative additional content release yet it tasks you with planning and managing celebrations, while also dealing with “The Boredom”. Tropico 6 – Festival also adds a unique party planning mechanic to Tropico 6, allowing players to host 20+ types of festival. Four distinctive, themed areas will be included for players to throw spectacular shindigs, as well as new buildings such as the Dance School, Balloon and Fireworks factory to get the party started. Players will also be able to enjoy a host of new musical additions, alongside a snazzy party outfit (and paint job) for El Prez and the presidential palace. # ⚓ Hearth_&_Home_for_Valheim_releases_on_September_16_and there’s_a_new_trailer_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Finally we’re getting the update we’ve all been waiting on as Hearth & Home is releasing on September 16 for Valheim. This is the update Iron Gate has been teasing in short videos recently that will overhaul combat with new food options and new mechanics for blocking, staggering and stamina to give players more freedom in character builds. They haven’t revealed everything coming yet but we do know there will be a bunch of new options to build too. Iron Gate is also expanding with three more developers to work on programming, animating and QA. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt_Creator_5.0_released⠀⇛ We are happy to announce the release of Qt Creator 5.0 ! # ⚓ Qt_Creator_5.0_Released_With_Experimental_Clangd Backend,_Experimental_Docker_Builds⠀⇛ The Qt Company has formally released Qt Creator 5.0 today as their latest version of this Qt/C++ minded integrated development environment. With today’s Qt Creator 5.0 release they have shifted to semantic versioning moving forward. Most exciting with Qt Creator 5.0 is that it’s offering experimental use of Clangd as the back-end for Qt Creator’s C/C++ code model. Clangd will ultimately be used for its code model rather than their existing libclang-based solution. Clangd can be used for providing code completion and other features with the Language Server Protocol. # ⚓ KDE_Frameworks_–_Part_1:_KConfig⠀⇛ The KDE Community has been developing a variety of Free Software products using Qt for 25 years now. Among them, the Plasma Desktop Environment, creativity tools like Krita and Kdenlive, educational applications like GCompris, groupware suites like Kontact and countless other applications, utilities, and widgets. Qt is famous for its rich set of high- quality, cross-platform APIs. However, it does not cover every single use case. Indeed, that would be impossible. So, to fill in the gaps, over time, KDE has created code that has been incorporated into many KDE projects. To foster reusing these battle-tested solutions outside KDE projects, we share this code in the form of modular libraries. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Pango_updates⠀⇛ I’ve spent some time on Pango, recently. Here is a little update on the feature work that I’ve done there. All of these changes will appear in Pango 1.50 and GTK 4.6. Line spacing has historically been a bit painful in GtkTextView. You can set distances before and after paragraphs, and between wrapped lines inside a paragraph. But this does not take font sizes into account—it is a fixed number of pixels. A while ago, I added a line-spacing factor to Pango, which was meant to help with the font size dependency. You basically tell Pango: I want the baselines of this paragraph spaced apart 1.33 times as wide as they would normally be. The remaining problem is that Pango handles text one paragraph at a time. So as far as it is concerned, there is not previous baseline above the first line in a paragraph, and it does not increase the spacing between paragraphs. # ⚓ “Apps_for_GNOME”_is_a_New_Web_Portal_to_Showcase_Best Linux_Apps_for_GNOME⠀⇛ There are several apps built for GNOME. Most of the stock (default) GNOME apps do not get enough spotlight as a separate mention. While Flathub as a platform helps highlight some fantastic applications for GNOME, it limits to Flatpak apps only. Also, it is not just dedicated to GNOME, of course. Hence, there is a new website to focus more on the GNOME ecosystem and highlight the best GNOME apps. # ⚓ “Apps_For_GNOME”_Launches_To_Highlight_GNOME_Apps⠀⇛ The GNOME project has launched “Apps For GNOME” at apps.gnome.org for highlighting the ecosystem of available GNOME applications. There is Flathub and such for highlighting many of the user visible GNOME applications but limited to those that are available in Flatpak form but also not exclusively limited to GNOME apps. There hasn’t been a comprehensive, modern, user-friendly web-site for outlining all of the GNOME apps and inviting participation until now with this Apps for GNOME. # ⚓ Sophie_Herold:_“apps.gnome.org”_is_Online!⠀⇛ Our Apps for GNOME website is now available at apps.gnome.org! It features the best applications in the GNOME ecosystem. Let’s quickly get into the most exciting aspects of Apps for GNOME. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ there_is_no_such_thing_as_a_“glibc_based_alpine_image”⠀⇛ For whatever reason, the alpine-glibc project is apparently being used in production. Worse yet, some are led to believe that Alpine officially supports or at least approves of its usage. For the reasons I am about to outline, we don’t. I have also proposed an update to Alpine which will block the installation of the glibc packages produced by the alpine-glibc project, and have referred acceptance of that update to the TSC to determine if we actually want to put our foot down or not. I have additionally suggested that the TSC may wish to have the Alpine Council reach out to the alpine- glibc project to find a solution which appropriately communicates that the project is not supported in any way by Alpine. It should be hopefully clear that there is no such thing as a “glibc based alpine image” because Alpine does not use glibc, it uses musl. # ⚓ CuteFish_Desktop_on_Ubuntu?_This_New_Distro_Offers_It⠀⇛ You can now try the CuteFish desktop environment on top of an Ubuntu base, with CuteFish OS Ubuntu. A installable image of the distro is available to download for testing and development purposes. While it can’t be recommended for daily driver status (the desktop environment is under active development) it is nonetheless a great way to sample the promising, Qt-based CuteFish desktop environment. The current .iso is based off of Kubuntu 21.04, but uses the Qt-based CuteFish desktop by default rather the more familiar KDE Plasma. A small selection of KDE software come preinstalled, such text editor Kate, screenshot tool Spectacle, and Muon Package Manager, as well as well-known apps like Firefox, VLC, and MPV. Also included are some native CuteFish apps, including a file manager, calculator, terminal, and settings hub. All of these are very functional, though the file manager is (understandably) rather no-frills at present, compared to something like Dolphin or Index. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ MakuluLinux_Droid_Released⠀⇛ We are proud to Announce the initial release of our Android Build of Makulu Linux Named “Makulu Droid”. This is an early build, but stable build. Makulu droid lets you run Android apps directly from your Linux Desktop much the same way you would on a Native android operating system, You can Grab your copy from the main menu above or by Clicking HERE Please make sure to read the release notes properly before downloading. # ⚓ openmediavault_5.6.14⠀⇛ Issue #1079: Clear out the local repository of retrieved package files to fix the “… InRelease’ changed its ‘Suite’ value from ‘stable’ to ‘oldstable’” message. # § NetBSD⠀➾ # ⚓ wifi_project_status_update⠀⇛ After initial work on the wifi renewal branch went quite fast and smooth, things have slowed down a bit in the last few months. Most of the slow down was due to me not being available for this type of work for unexpectedly long times – a problem that should be fixed now. # ⚓ NetBSD_Continues_Long_Overdue_Push_To_Modernize_Their WiFi_Drivers_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Started back in 2018 was an effort by the NetBSD project to update their operating system WiFi drivers by re-syncing more code from FreeBSD and making various improvements. Three years later the work has yet to be merged but after stalling for some time is back to being worked on by interested developers. The WiFi renewal effort by NetBSD has been working to support newer WiFi standards, provide better SMP support, and handling other wireless networking features. The WiFi renewal effort was restarted last year though developer Martin Husemann noted the progress has slowed down a bit in recent months. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Tumbleweed_Updates_Kismet,_PulseAudio,_Python⠀⇛ The latest 20210824 snapshot updated Mozilla Thunderbird from version 78.13.0 to version 91.0.1, which is the next Extended Support Release codebase. The new email client offers many new features like keyboard shortcuts to access To/CC/BCC fields and a PDF JavaScript viewer is now included in Thunderbird. Two major version updates were in the snapshot; an update to nftables 1.0.0 now recognizes the command-line option –define. GTK based volume control tool pavucontrol 5.0 has support for switching Bluetooth codecs that comes new in PulseAudio 15.0, which was released in the 20210823 snapshot 24-hours earlier. GNU Compiler Collection was updated to version 11.2 and fixed the One-time Passwords In Everything package with glibc 2.34. A few GNOME and RubyGems packages were updated in the snapshot. Command-line utility grep updated to version 3.7, which skipped the stack overflow tests in the qemu build. The runtime nodejs16 16.6.2 update fixed the improper handling of untypical characters in domain names and fixed three Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. The network-detector, packet-sniffer, and intrusion-detection package Kismet updated to its latest 2021.08 version in snapshot 20210823; the packages made some small improvements and has a new Wireless Intrusion Detection System alert. PulseAudio 15.0 dropped several BlueTooth patches and improved hardware support. PDF rendering package poppler 21.08.0 added an Application Programming Interfaces to allow the addition and modification of outlines into a PDF. An updated 1.9.7 version of sudo enabled OpenSSL support for a secure central session recording collection. And yast2-bootloader 4.4.6 replaced mkinitrd with dracut. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ PHP_version_7.3.30,_7.4.23_and_8.0.10_–_Remi’s_RPM repository_–_Blog⠀⇛ RPMs of PHP version 8.0.10 are available in remi-php80 repository for Fedora 32-34 and Enterprise Linux (RHEL, CentOS). RPMs of PHP version 7.4.23 are available in remi repository for Fedora 32-34 and remi- php74 repository Enterprise Linux (RHEL, CentOS). RPMs of PHP version 7.3.30 are available in remi-php73 repository for Enterprise Linux (RHEL, CentOS). # ⚓ Build_your_first_Python_application_in_a_Linux container_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Setting up your Python 3.9 development environment in a Linux container is quick and easy. This article shows you how to install Python 3.9, set up your environment, and use it to create and run a Python web service on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8. The whole process should take about 15 minutes. The amazing thing about building and using a Linux container with Python is that you don’t actually need Python on your machine to do it. Creating a Python containerized application on a machine without Python support might not be ideal, but it is possible. # ⚓ How_to_update_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_via_minor releases_and_Extended_Update_Support⠀⇛ Customers often tell me that they need to stay on a specific RHEL minor release in order to maintain a supported configuration for a third-party application, such as SAP for example. It’s also typically true for large, business-critical applications that don’t tolerate frequent downtime for updates. This article explains the mechanisms available in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) to help make this possible. # ⚓ Leapp_Upgrade_using_Red_Hat_Satellite_6⠀⇛ Stability and the ability to upgrade with minimal downtime are two important features of production environments, and using the Leapp upgrade utility on Red Hat Satellite 6, can provide both. In this post, I’ll show you step by step how to upgrade smoothly from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7 to RHEL 8 with pre-upgrade checks available with Leapp upgrade. The Leapp upgrade is a mechanism that enables us to migrate from RHEL 7 to RHEL 8. The Leapp upgrade can be performed on individual client systems, but you can upgrade multiple systems in parallel if Red Hat Satellite is a part of your infrastructure. # ⚓ How_to_prioritize_Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) projects:_6_tips_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ “It is near impossible to name an industry that isn’t implementing AI solutions nowadays given its breadth of applications,” says Jim Radzicki, CTO of Telus International. “But, with so many options, the most difficult part can be deciding where to invest first.” There are so many areas where AI can be applied and demand for intelligent capabilities in the enterprise continues to grow, says Peter A. High, author of Getting to Nimble: How to Transform your Company into a Digital Leader and president of the technology and business advisory firm Metis Strategy. AI project prioritization is critical. “It ensures that AI is connected to the business’ agenda and priorities,” says Goutham Belliappa, vice president of AI engineering at Capgemini North America. “Through tight governance and monitoring, companies can identify which projects are performing better than others and adjust the prioritization and resources accordingly in an agile manner.” # ⚓ How_to_encourage_healthy_conflict:_8_tips_from_CIOs_| The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Healthy debate, contrarian points of view, and passion on all sides of an issue can lead teams to the best possible decisions and outcomes. It’s up to leaders to find the balance between conflict and harmony – and help each member of the team build their healthy conflict skills. We had an opportunity to ask CIOs who recently won the 2021 National CIO of the Year ORBIE Awards about the role conflict plays on their teams. This is the first year that InspireCIO has brought past ORBIE winners from chapters across the United States together to present National awards, recognizing CIOs for their excellence in technology leadership. Read on for advice from these award-winning CIOs on how to encourage the right kind of conflict on your team. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ 807_packages_compiled_in_OpenEmbedded_for_EasyOS⠀⇛ This morning I posted about doing a rebuild in OpenEmbedded: https://bkhome.org/news/202108/openembedded- dunfell-updated-rebuild.html …the build is happening in a USB3 HDD and is still going. There is a progress indicator stating 92% complete. I mentioned that some packages have version bumps. For anyone who is interested, I am compiling 807 packages in OE, here they are: # ⚓ align_perl_utility_updated⠀⇛ For the previous post, I had a list of 807 packages and wanted to process them into neat columns. EasyOS has the ‘column’ utility, but I couldn’t make it do what I want, so wrote a little script to convert the package names into a html table. For the record this is it… # ⚓ Chris_Lamb,_Boris_Johnson_&_Debian_unpaid_bills⠀⇛ In March 2018, there was a Bug Squashing Party in Tirana, Albania (photos). A group of students from Kosovo had written to Lamb and asked for funds to travel to Tirana. The cost for each person was €8 for a hostel and €15 for the bus. These amounts seem trivial for many of us in free software but they are more than a day’s income for students in a developing country. Lamb authorised each of their requests in writing (example below). Many NGOs fund events in the Balkan countries and it is typical for organizations to pay the bills on the day of the event. Some of the students did not have this much money in cash. These are developing countries and organizations have to be sensitive about this when operating there. There was only one Debian Developer present at the event. Everybody turned to him and one of the local organizers on Sunday morning and asked for help. To resolve it quickly, the Debian Developer went to the hotel, asked the students to give him copies of each receipt and authorisation email from Chris Lamb and then paid all the bills in cash. The total was approximately €431 # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS_released⠀⇛ The Ubuntu team is pleased to announce the release of Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS (Long-Term Support) for its Desktop, Server, and Cloud products, as well as other flavours of Ubuntu with long-term support. Like previous LTS series, 20.04.3 includes hardware enablement stacks for use on newer hardware. This support is offered on all architectures. Ubuntu Server defaults to installing the GA kernel; however you may select the HWE kernel from the installer bootloader. As usual, this point release includes many updates, and updated installation media has been provided so that fewer updates will need to be downloaded after installation. These include security updates and corrections for other high-impact bugs, with a focus on maintaining stability and compatibility with Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS,_The_Third_Point_Release_is_Out!⠀⇛ The Ubuntu Team announced the release of Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS today for its Desktop, Server, and Cloud products, as well as official flavors. Ubuntu 20.04.3 includes hardware enablement stack for use on newer hardware. It’s Linux Kernel 5.11 provided via ‘linux-generic-hwe- 20.04‘ package. If you have install the package previously, you should have been running on the Kernel for a period of time. Besides that, the release includes mainly bug-fixes, installation media, security and stability updates, according to the announcement… # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS_Released_With_Fixes,_Newer Hardware_Enablement_Stack⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu_20.04.3_LTS_Released,_Available_to_Download⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lubuntu_20.04.3_LTS_Released!⠀⇛ Thanks to all the hard work from our contributors, we are pleased to announce that Lubuntu 20.04.3 LTS has been released! What is Lubuntu? Lubuntu is an official Ubuntu flavor which uses the Lightweight Qt Desktop Environment (LXQt). The project’s goal is to provide a lightweight yet functional Linux distribution based on a rock-solid Ubuntu base. Lubuntu provides a simple but modern and powerful graphical user interface, and comes with a wide variety of applications so you can browse, email, chat, play, and be productive. # ⚓ Bq,_Makers_of_the_First_Ubuntu_Phone,_Have_Gone Bust⠀⇛ Spanish hardware company Bq (also known as Bq Readers) found moderate successful selling a range of Android phones and tablets in Europe. But it gained more attention when it repurposed several of its handsets in 2015 to run Ubuntu Touch, later launching a pair of ‘convergent’ tablets too. The first Bq Ubuntu Phones got a lukewarm reception. Artificial scarcity made the handsets difficult to buy, and the comparatively high cost for lower-end specs dampened enthusiasm. Sales were also (considerably) lower-than-expected, which (one assumes) fed into Bq’s decision to back out, and Canonical’s decision to axe the Ubuntu Phone project entirely in 2017. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Self_Contained,_Cloud_Connected_Home_Monitoring_Module⠀⇛ Home monitoring is a big part of home automation, but it’s often overshadowed. Our attention tends to get hijacked by cool projects that perform physical actions. Whether it’s turning the lights on, changing their color, running a robot vacuum cleaner, pulling on the blinds or watering the garden. All these actions are very cool and very visible. Which makes it easy to ignore the background tasks that are the backbone of great home automation. YouTuber and robotics maker RootSaid has been giving this a lot of thought. He’s put together an excellent tutorial on creating a self contained, real-time home monitoring module. It’s built around the excellent Nano RP2040 Connect, and sends everything to Arduino Cloud. # ⚓ MiniLink_IIoT_Node_–_An_Arduino_compatible_RS485_to_LoRaWAN node_with_wireless_expansion_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Designed by Thailand-based Saijai Tech, MiniLink IIoT Node is an Arduino compatible board based on either an ESP32 WiFi & Bluetooth SoC or an unnamed Microchip Cortex-M0+ microcontroller designed for Smart Agriculture or industrial applications (e.g. PLC controllers). The board includes an RS485 interface for sensors or actuators, an ACER-branded LoRa module, and expansion headers to add an extra wireless module with either LoRa PtP (P2P, Point-to-Point), NB-IoT, or 3G/4G LTE & GNSS, and some of those add an extra RS485 port. # ⚓ Elkhart_Lake_net_appliance_offers_quad_GbE,_SFP,_and wireless_links⠀⇛ Aaeon’s “FWS-2280” network appliance supplies Intel’s Elkhart Lake with up to 32GB DDR4, 4x GbE, SFP, SATA, and mSATA plus 2x mini-PCIe and optional M.2 for simultaneous wireless connections. Aaeon announced the first network appliance we have seen equipped with Intel’s 10nm fabricated, up to quad-core Elkhart Lake (Atom x6000E, etc.) processors. The FWS-2280 follows earlier Aaeon desktop net appliances including the FWS-2365, FWS- 2360, and FWS-7360, all of which run on the up to 16-core Atom C3000 (“Denverton”) platform. # ⚓ Module_and_dev_kit_debut_NXP’s_tiny_new_16-core_LX2162A⠀⇛ SolidRun’s 58 x 48mm “LX2162A SOM” runs Linux on NXP’s new 16-core, Cortex-A72 based LX2162A and offers 12x SerDes lanes for up to 4x 25GbE or up to 8x PCIe Gen3. A “ClearFog LX2162A” dev kit is also on the way. SolidRun has posted a product page for a compute module built around NXP’s new 16nm fabricated, 23 x 23mm Layerscape LX2162A networking SoC, which is a quarter the size of the similarly 16-core Cortex- A72 based LS2160A. The new LX2162A SOM is in turn a quarter of the size of SolidRun’s earlier, LS2160A- based CEx7 LX2160A COM Express Type 7 module, which powers its HoneyComb LX2K Mini-ITX board. The upcoming ClearFog LX2162A dev kit for the LX2162A SOM is half the size of Mini-ITX (see farther below). # § Jolla⠀➾ # ⚓ After_ten_years,_Sailfish_OS_maker_Jolla_is_finally profitable⠀⇛ The company behind the Linux-based Sailfish OS for mobile devices has been plugging away for ten years, and now it’s finally turned a profit. Jolla was founded by a group of former Nokia employees who wanted to continue developing the Linux-based MeeGo operating system for smartphones even after Nokia shifted its focus to Windows phones (and eventually sold its smartphone business to Microsoft). A decade later, TechCrunch reports Jolla has reached a “turning point” and become profitable: revenues were 53% higher in 2020 than they were in 2019. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Is_Android_12_about_to_pop_Google’s_Bubbles?_| Computerworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ UGOOS_AM7_Android_11_TV_box_with_Amlogic_S905X4,_WiFi 6_is_up_for_pre-order_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Chrome_for_Android_will_bring_multi-window support_to_make_tab_management_a_breeze_|_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_One_VPN_review:_Convenient_bundled_protection for_Android_devices_|_Expert_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_will_stop_working_on_these_Android_phones Find_out!⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_phone_users_take_note_the_Joker_virus_has returned⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_watch_4_review:_The_best_Android smartwatch_and_a_top_fitness_tracker_|_The Independent⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Camo’_for_Android_turns_your_phone_into_a_PC_webcam –_9to5Google⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ 12_Best_Open_Source_Self-Hosted_Cloud_Accounting_and Invoicing_Solutions⠀⇛ From the abacus to written ledgers to adding machines and calculators, people have been using accounting tools for centuries. Most businesses start off by relying on spreadsheets to manage the books, and many continue to use spreadsheets, even as the business grows and becomes more complex. The result is disparate data spread across multiple spreadsheets that are often out of date or present conflicting numbers. # ⚓ Know_your_organization’s_rule_makers_and_rule_breakers_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ An open leader must strike a balance between tight and loose organizational culture, especially when approaching different problems or contexts. For example, consider how a company in different stages of its maturity responds to external threats. A start-up company has very different threat concerns than established companies with long histories. On the other hand, start-ups have few established procedures and can be freer in their operations. As time passes, depending on the company growth and the competitive environment, the looseness- tightness balance and adapting to the situation may be required to shift. So open leaders can ask themselves: What is your company’s relative level of tightness or looseness? Is its level balanced to be most effective? How could it be pushed in one direct or the other to reduce liabilities and increase assets of both looseness and tightness. Leaders can ask these same questions of their divisions, departments, immediate teams, or even temporary project teams. This is where the open organization principle of adaptability becomes important. # ⚓ How_open_source_software_shapes_AI_policy,_open_source comes_to_medical_datasets,_and_more⠀⇛ Open source software (OSS) powers the most widely used tools in machine learning. Their status as free tools for anyone to use means they can—and should—play a more significant role in policy conversations about AI. Now, a new report from the Brookings Institution argues that if the US wants to play a lead role in global AI development, open source must be more than a policy footnote. In a new analysis, Brookings Fellow Alex Engler cites several benefits that OSS brings to AI development. In particular, it gives data scientists with less experience implementing algorithms the chance to work faster by making complex math problems easier to use. This isn’t a mere case of more regulation: Engler argues that policymakers should use OSS to their benefit and offer funding in the process. Most AI funding comes from corporations, which can create conflicts of interest and perceptions of bias. By using and investing in community-led tools, policymakers can expand open source software’s reach and use it to help craft more thoughtful policies. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_Add-on_Reviews:_Boost_your_writing skills_with_a_browser_extension⠀⇛ Whatever kind of writing you do—technical documentation, corporate communications, Harry Potter-vampire crossover fan fiction—it likely happens online. Here are some great browser extensions that will benefit anyone who writes on the web. Get grammar help, productivity tools, and other strong writing aids… # ⚓ HTML_AQI_Gauge⠀⇛ I needed a meter to tell me what the air quality is like outside. Now I know! If you need one as well, or if you are looking for an accessible gauge for anything else, here you go. # ⚓ Why_are_hyperlinks_blue?⠀⇛ The internet has ingrained itself into every aspect of our lives, but there’s one aspect of the digital world that I bet you take for granted. Did you ever notice that many links, specifically hyperlinks, are blue? When a co-worker casually asked me why links are blue, I was stumped. As a user experience designer who has created websites since 2001, I’ve always made my links blue. I have advocated for the specific shade of blue, and for the consistent application of blue, yes, but I’ve never stopped and wondered, why are links blue? It was just a fact of life. Grass is green and hyperlinks are blue. Culturally, we associate links with the color blue so much that in 2016, when Google changed its links to black, it created quite a disruption. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Writer_Guide_7.2_just_arrived⠀⇛ Jean H. Weber and Kees Kriek from the LibreOffice Documentation Team are happy to announce the immediate availability of the Writer Guide 7.2, one week after the release of LibreOffice Community 7.2 LibreOffice 7.2 Community includes many changes not visible in the user interface. These changes include improved interoperability with Microsoft’s proprietary file formats and performance improvements in handling large files, opening certain .docx and .xlsx files, managing font caching, and opening presentations and drawings that contain large images. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2:_A_week_in_stats⠀⇛ One week ago, we announced LibreOffice 7.2, our brand new major release. It’s packed with new features, and has many improvements to compatibility and performance too. So, what has happened in the week since then? Let’s check out some stats… # § FSF⠀➾ # § Licensing/Lock-in⠀➾ # ⚓ GitLab_14.2_Introduces_Build_Cloud_For_macOS beta⠀⇛ GitLab has announced the release of its latest iteration, 14.2, which improves CI speed, delivers built-in CI support for Apple devices, and gives dev teams easier and tighter integration with GitPod. # ⚓ GitHub’s_Copilot_may_steer_you_into_dangerous waters_about_40%_of_the_time_–_study [Ed: Microsoft also encourages you to commit GPL violations]⠀⇛ Academics have put GitHub’s Copilot to the test on the security front, and said they found that roughly 40 per cent of the time, code generated by the programming assistant is, at best, buggy, and at worst, potentially vulnerable to attack. Copilot arrived with several caveats, such as its tendency to generate incorrect code, its proclivity for exposing secrets, and its problems judging software licenses. But the AI programming helper, based on OpenAI’s Codex neural network, also has another shortcoming: just like humans, it may produce flimsy code. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ What’s_the_top_programming_language?_It’s_not JavaScript_but_Python,_says_IEEE_survey⠀⇛ Python is the “de facto platform for new technologies,” according to research by the IEEE in its Spectrum publication. The new survey places Python, Java, C, and C++ as the top four programming languages. JavaScript, which typically tops such surveys, is in fifth place. By contrast, StackOverflow reported earlier this month that JavaScript was the most used language by some margin, with 65 per cent followed by Python at 48.2 per cent and Java at 35.35 per cent. Redmonk analysts also placed JavaScript top, as does developer tools company JetBrains in its State of the Developer Ecosystem survey. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Experimenting_with_Python_implementation_of Host_Identity_Protocol_|_Linux_Journal⠀⇛ Sometimes it is easier to implement prototypes in user space using high- level languages, such as Python or Java. In this document we attempt to describe our implementation effort related to Host Identity Protocol version 2. In the first part, we describe various security solutions, then we discuss some implementation details of the HIP protocol, and finally, in the last part of this work we discuss the performance of the HIP and IPSec protocols implemented using Python language. [...] Internet was designed initially so that the Internet Protocol (IP) address is playing dual role: it is the locator, so that the routers can find the recipient of a message, and it is an identifier, so that the upper layer protocols (such as TCP and UDP) can make bindings (for example, transport layer sockets use IP addresses and ports to make a connections). This becomes a problem when a networked device roams from one network to another, and so the IP address changes, leading to failures in upper layer connections. The other problem is establishment of the authenticated channel between the communicating parties. In practice, when making connections, long term identities of the parties are not verified. Of course, there are solutions such as SSL which can readily solve the problem at hand. However, SSL is suitable only for TCP connections and most of the time practical use cases include only secure web surfing and establishment of VPN tunnels. Host Identity Protocol on the other hand is more flexible: it allows peers to create authenticated secure channels on the network layer, and so all upper layer protocols can benefit from such channels. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ 6_Rust_Commands_to_Use_in_Place_of_Traditional Linux_Commands⠀⇛ Every Linux distribution derives its roots from the Linux kernel, which was released way back in 1991. It was initially written in C, but slowly and steadily, Rust is taking over as a second language to C within the kernel. As the technology continues to evolve, so have the commands you can use to perform the same functions, but at better efficiency. While these commands broadly do the job, there is always a touch of modern coding standards worth adding, to make things more seamless. Let’s talk about some of the Rust tools in Linux that are worth trying. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung’s_recent_phones_log_if_you_use_their chargers,_install_Facebook_garbage_in_the_background, and_foist_Microsoft_crap.⠀⇛ My Samsung Galaxy S20 FE was having a “foreign object in charging port” error. Samsung’s warranty partner in my area is a shop called ubreakifix, so I took it there, and he cleaned pocket lint out of the port and says it looks undamaged and now passes their tests, but Samsung told him that I had apps that were draining my battery. I told him “Oh, Samsung phones are getting worse every year and with every software update. The last update brought in something called Facebook Services Manager, or something, and “Battery” told me that it was waking up and using power and the cell modem even though I don’t have Facebook. I had to force stop three Facebook apps/services and then disable them in the app settings. And that’s on top of having to use a different gallery program to view my photos without it pestering me to sign up for Microsoft Onedrive, and having to agree to terms for something called Bixby just to reassign the power key to turn off the power instead of shouting “HI I’M BIXBY!!!!!” wherever you happen to be at the moment.”. He said, “Yeah, they have been going in that direction. Google phones don’t have all of that extra fluff.”. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Fedora (community-mysql, containerd, dotnet3.1, dotnet5.0, perl-Encode, and tor), Mageia (gpsd), openSUSE (cacti, cacti-spine, go1.16, jetty-minimal, libmspack, mariadb, openexr, and tor), SUSE (aspell, jetty-minimal, libesmtp, mariadb, and unrar), and Ubuntu (firefox and mongodb). # ⚓ Neural_Fuzzing:_A_Faster_Way_to_Test_Software Security⠀⇛ Software vulnerabilities are a grave threat to the security of computer systems. They often go undetected for years until it is too late and the consequences are irreversible. In order to find these weaknesses, software security testers and developers often have to manually test the entire codebase and determine if any vulnerabilities exist. However, this can take months or even years of work due to the scale of modern software projects. One way of handling all this is with fuzzing. The fuzzing process throws random input at code or software, looking for bugs that might not have been found with traditional testing techniques. In recent years, approaches like neural fuzzing have emerged to make application security testing faster and more accurate. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_Linux_Vulnerabilities_Exploited_by Hackers [Ed: As_usual, Softpedia_covers “Linux”_when_it_has_something_negative_to say]⠀⇛ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ [Older]_Big_Tech_does_NOT_need_to_listen to_you⠀⇛ Why should they? There are far better ways to know what you do. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Chicago_Botanic_Gardens_turns_off_water_and_ice_machines “due_to_COVID”_and_has_$5_boxes_of_water_on_a_100_degree August_day.⠀⇛ On Friday, I took my spouse to the Chicago Botanic Gardens. It’s a nice place. I decided we had better get around to seeing it before the Cook County Democrats make it three times as expensive to get in next year. Citing higher foot traffic, they’ve gone from free admission and $25 to park a car, to $8 to park a car, and $26 per person, starting next year. The Democrats are using the same math they use for figuring out what taxes will be, to exploit the fact that people go to the gardens for a day trip. Right now, that’s an affordable thing to do, but once it costs over $100 for a car with 4 people in it, it won’t be. [...] Isn’t America great? You can become rich (or, more correctly, richer) by selling water in a box in depressing Repo Man Generic font, for $5 per 16 ounces. Of course you want to pay $5 for a box of water. You don’t want COVID do you? And if you want to take your chances, have fun drinking tepid water because they turned off the refrigeration in the fountain for….well, reasons. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6689 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 103 seconds to (re)generate ⟲