𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, September 09, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 10 Sep 02:40:02 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/09/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV QmYGEn3vvtL9MNwJ6i1VEHszMRzevprL1qcHGvx2WA4383 QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ QmZUUdzxkRTs82iUy2v4eYvj82bQspLfqR1XFp3uBCrVP6 QmdX2s2SqVdLGeDkdkKttPs5yTYJsLmp17uRadMNJPA8o7 QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di QmbgQV95aJhhYgZGckMiakNeEJ9krzrNcrk4zKkbrd4BuL QmREjs3AhXCDGyuDLhJQs4HRtxWdtcC2X5PyZCi7atJ2WK QmZgjV9VWmqRr2AHmnw53nRRPSBz1FStdKpPNWXKJpwnxG QmPXDc7XRSN2iYifnk9Qy37k49nZ1PVFnUcWSu4ZYabWm9 QmSqRsSaXYEhkCyiyX1JjT7EvRcR9y8SJru8vSVjuiWdEx QmWeVT3WPnEgrznV9jLtoyGa5UDHpbqvCDpFqwuPKnej6m QmbaP7TZ7mUw8pw3WX69cx9hqp8d55jJqWB83KGsmqW96k QmVBf9Bmz3JivTW38Gq44pXRkh6W4noQBtoFameFgXZ8DU QmWGNG7373TNKDtEYo1q57qkgigkeBH51AH8LfDuQhET94 Qmd1j5aPQfEXy7BPbGLFEauDF57nERBXCoCyByfVV29jwD QmQArT4hGt9DGbzeQe46houAtDEoRgo6yuyQNTYhu4fUWa QmRQrMxBHfwwYFakm7kaFrHCGe51siakxNU6w9Z1SnmmSD ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part XVIII – A Baltic Circus in Riga | Techrights ⦿ All the President’s Men and Women in Latvia | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, September 08, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] [Teaser] Put the Ballot in This Box... | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/baltic-circus-in-riga/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/epo-latvia/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/irc-log-080921/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/meme-antonio-campinos-in-riga/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/rust-1-55-0/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/wordpress-5-8-1/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 57 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/baltic-circus-in-riga/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/09/baltic-circus-in-riga/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XVIII_–_A_Baltic_Circus_in Riga⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 12:38 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the Finnish_“Facilitator” 4. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IV_–_Martti_Enäjärvi_and His_“Good_Brother”_Networks 5. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_V_–_A_Man_With_a Conviction… 6. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VI_–_“A_Good_Friend_of Estonia_and_a_Steady_Cooperation_Partner” 7. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VII_–_A_Self-Appointed “Select_Committee” 8. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VIII_–_Pulling_for_the Portuguese_Pretender? 9. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IX_–_António’s_Faithful Acolyte_in_Alicante 10. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_X_–_A_Pan-European_“Good Brother”_Network_Celebration? 11. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XI_–_With_a_Little_Help From_My_Friends… 12. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XII_–_Battistelli_and_His Baltic_Fiefdoms 13. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XIII_–_Out_With_the_Old,_in With_the_New? 14. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XIV_–_Business_as_Usual_in Tallinn 15. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XV_–_Worse_Than_“a_Backward Kolkhoz”… 16. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XVI_–_A_Promising_Start Followed_by_an_Unfortunate_Cock-Up 17. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_XVII_–_Secret_Bank_Accounts in_Switzerland_and_Germany 18. You are here ☞ A Baltic Circus in Riga 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Directors_of_the_Latvian_Patent_Office⦈_ The directors of the Latvian Patent Office between July 2010 and September 2013. Clockwise from top left: Jekaterina Macuka, Reinis Bērziņš, Guntis Ramāns, Ieva Viļuma. Summary: In this part we look at the high turnover of “directors” and “acting directors” at the Latvian Patent Office over the last decade AS we mentioned in the last part, the first “acting director” who appeared on the scene following the departure of Zigrīds Aumeisters in June 2010 was Jekaterina Macuka. Macuka came from the Latvian Ministry of Justice where she had headed the Board of Religious Affairs which is responsible for supervising the activities of religious institutions in Latvia. “Macuka then moved back to the Justice Ministry and, almost a decade later, in February 2020 she was appointed to a new position at the head of the Latvian Data Protection Authority.”She remained in charge of the Patent Office for about a year until she was replaced by Reinis Bērziņš in August 2011. During her time at the head of the Patent Office it seems that she failed to discover the secret bank accounts operated by her predecessor Aumeisters. Macuka then moved back to the Justice Ministry and, almost a decade later, in February 2020 she was appointed to a new position at the head_of_the_Latvian Data_Protection_Authority. [PDF] “Macuka’s successor at the Patent Office was Reinis Bērziņš who comes from Cēsis, a town of about 15,000 inhabitants located about 90 km to the north-east of the capital Riga.”Let’s hope that she does a better job protecting the privacy rights of Latvian citizens than she did protecting the fundamental rights of EPO staff during her time on the EPO‘s Administrative Council at the start of Benoît_Battistelli‘s presidency. Macuka’s successor at the Patent Office was Reinis Bērziņš who comes from Cēsis, a town of about 15,000 inhabitants located about 90 km to the north-east of the capital Riga. Bērziņš studied law and attended the Riga Graduate School of Law where he completed a master’s program “Law and Finance”. He also attended the BA_School of_Business_and_Finance in Riga and completed the Swiss_Business_School Master’s Program in Business Management. Before taking charge at the Latvian Patent Office, Bērziņš had been a Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and a Legislative Adviser to the Prime Minister and to the Minister of Defence. “Before taking charge at the Latvian Patent Office, Bērziņš had been a Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of Justice and a Legislative Adviser to the Prime Minister and to the Minister of Defence.”His main achievement as Director-General of the Patent Office appears to have been the discovery of the secret bank accounts operated by Zigrīds Aumeisters and the recovery of the funds contained in those accounts for the state treasury. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Berzins_and_Battistelli⦈_ Bērziņš posing for a photo-op with Battistelli during the EPO President’s visit to Riga in May 2012. Bērziņš turned up for a photo-op with Battistelli during the latter’s visit to Riga in May_2012 (warning: epo.org link). However, he didn’t stay long at the Latvian Patent Office. He was the archetypal “young man in a hurry” and clearly destined for greater things. In March 2013, it was announced that he had been appointed as a legal advisor_to_the_Latvian_President [PDF], Andris_Bērziņš. [Note: Bērziņš is a relatively common family name in Latvia and there is no indication that Reinis Bērziņš is related to the politician Andris Bērziņš.] “He was the archetypal “young man in a hurry” and clearly destined for greater things.”A few years later in October_2015, Reinis Bērziņš was appointed Chairman_of_the_Board [PDF] of ALTUM, a specialized development finance institution operated by the Latvian government which provides state support to private business through a full range of financial instruments: loans, credit guarantees, mezzanine loans, and co-investment in venture capital funds. Bērziņš also serves as a member of the supervisory board of the Three_Seas Initiative_Investment_Fund, an investment vehicle for financing key transport, energy and digital infrastructure projects in the eastern European region spanning the Baltic,_Adriatic_and_Black_Seas. In November 2019 it was reported [PDF] that Bērziņš was a candidate for the position of Governor of the Latvian Central Bank. The position became vacant after the former incumbent – Ilmars Rimsevics – had been arrested and charged with_accepting_a_bribe. As far as can be gathered from media reports, criminal proceedings against Rimsevics are still pending and he has recently come under suspicion_of_witness_tampering. In the end, Bērziņš was not successful in his bid to become Governor of the Latvian Central Bank and the job went to Mārtiņš_Kazāks. “In the end, Bērziņš was not successful in his bid to become Governor of the Latvian Central Bank and the job went to Mārtiņš Kazāks.”Meanwhile back at the Latvian Patent Office, following Bērziņš departure in 2013, there were two ad interim directors, namely Guntis Ramāns, the head of the patents department, and Ieva_Viļuma, a lawyer in charge of the legal department. This interregnum period ended on 1 October 2013 when a newly appointed Director-General, Sandris Laganovskis, took up his position. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sandris_Laganovskis⦈_ Sandris Laganovskis took up his position as head of the Latvian Patent Office on 1 October 2013. With the arrival of Laganovskis the semblance of stability was restored and it was back to “business as usual”, including the signing of bilateral “cooperation_agreements” with the EPO and photo-ops with Battistelli. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Battistelli_and_Sandris_Laganovskis⦈_ Sandris Laganovskis posing for a photo-op with Battistelli in March 2017. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Battistelli_in_Riga⦈_ Laganovskis and Battistelli in Riga in March 2017. EPO “bagman” François-Régis Hannart is on the left beside Guntis Ramāns, head of the patents department at the Latvian Patent Office. “Laganovskis seemed to be the new rising star of the “IP community” in the Baltic region.”Under Laganovskis, the Latvian Patent Office hosted a number of regional_seminars on “the enforcement of intellectual property rights”, co- financed by the EPO and EUIPO. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Laganovskis_in_EUIPO-EPO_event⦈_ Laganovskis speaking at a conference co-sponsored by the EPO and EUIPO in May 2017. Laganovskis seemed to be the new rising star of the “IP community” in the Baltic region. However, at the end of December 2020 it was announced that Baiba_Graube, the director of the trademarks and industrial design department, had been appointed as_acting_director_of_the_Latvian_Patent_Office [PDF]. Baiba Graube is the wife of Lieutenant General Raimonds_Graube, who is Latvia’s Chief of Defence. “Lārmane is the director in charge of the “examination of inventions”, in other words the patent department of the Latvian Patent Office.”At around the same time it was announced that the representation of Latvia on the Administrative Council of the EPO would be taken over by Līga_Lārmane [PDF]. Lārmane is the director in charge of the “examination of inventions”, in other words the patent department of the Latvian Patent Office. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Baiba_Graube_and_Liga_Larmane⦈_ Baiba Graube, Acting Director of the Patent Office and Līga Lārmane who represents Latvia on the Administrative Council of the EPO. But what about Laganovskis? Where did he disappear to? “But what about Laganovskis? Where did he disappear to?”In order to understand what happened to the new “IP whizz-kid” in Riga we need to take a look at the relationship between the national patent offices of the Baltic States and the EU trademark agency OHIM/EUIPO. This will be the focus of our attention in the last two parts of the series. █ ⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡇⢠⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠹⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⡴⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣇⣸⣿⡇⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢠⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⣿⡿⣿⡿⢯⠄⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⣽⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠩⢍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⡿⢸⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣷⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⠛⠛⠛⠛⡿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠋⠉⢿⣿⠁⠀⠻⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡾⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⡿⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⣿⣿⡄⢀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⣜⠥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⠘⠃⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡾⢡⣧⣾⣦⢀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⣿⡍⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣷⣉⠛⢿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⢹⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢾⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠘⢿⣿⣷⣶⣦⡤⣠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⡟⣯⠻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡶⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠈⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢸⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠋⣿⣿⣿⣯⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡄⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠻⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠙⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣬⣿⣴⣶⣦⣴⣤⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣤⡤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⢤⣤⡤⠤⢤⡤⠤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣗⣒⣶⣾⠉⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠂⣿⡿⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⠙⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠩⠥⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣛⡛⠀⠛⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡯⣍⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁ ⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⢀⡠⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⡸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀ ⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢃⡘⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣛⢋⣉⣤⣴⣮⣥⣴⠾⠋⠀⠀⣠⣄⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀ ⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣏⢁⣁⣙⣃⠉⢛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⡀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⣵⣷⣿⣿⠇⠄⡘⠒⢛⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⠾⣦⣶⡆⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠛⠫⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⠛⠛⣿⠟⠠⠄⠀⠀⡽⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣽⣿⣿⣰⡿⣿⣇⣸⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡷⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣻⣖⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣀⣰⣷⣤⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣯⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠈⠈⠙⠓⠒⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠛⣿⢇⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣭⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡴⠦⠴⠶⢖⣲⣶⣶⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢸⡯⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣟⣂⡙⢻⣯⣭⣭⣽⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠛⢛⣛⣻⣭⣭⣭⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠙⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣧⣌⠹⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠟⠛⣛⣛⣋⣭⣭⣭⣵⣶⣄⡳⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟ ⠙⠻⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣝⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢭⣻⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠦⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢶⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⡤⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⡀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠂⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⠀⢈⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢿⡿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⢻⣷⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣏⡀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠙⡏⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⣶⣀⣀⣀⣾⣿⣷⣌⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⡿⠟⠋⣿⣿⡀⢤⣴⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠶⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⠈⠀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣴⣷⡀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠲⠖⠚⠃⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⠙⢿⣆⠀⠉⠀⠁⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⡿⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠻⣿⣇⠈⢿⣷⡆⠀⠐⢿⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡛⣿⣤⢴⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡠⠆⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣮⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣬⣿⣆⡈⢿⡀⠠⢀⣼⣇⢻⣯⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⢟⠟⠉⠀⡀⢀⣿⣯⣴⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⡆⠒⣤⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠳⣦⣀⡉⠉⠀⠹⣿⣿⣄⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⡤⠽⡏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣀⣠⣆⡾⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⠀⢀⠂⠉⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣷⣈⣻⡿⠷⠦⡀⠘⢿⣿⣷⡜⢿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠸⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣀⣧⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣡⣷⠋⡐⠏⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⡛⠿⣍⠉⠛⠷⡆⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣄⠻⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠇⠀⣿⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠐⡸⠁⠞⠃⢀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠷⣦⣤⣬⣵⣦⣄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠧⡈⢿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⠛⠀⠀⠐⣧⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠈⠀⠎⠀⠰⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⣶⣤⣉⠛⢧⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡇⠈⣿⠄⠙⢿⣇⣿⡟⣿⡿⠥⠟⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣏⣉⠁⠀⠙⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⠧⠀⠀⠙⢸⠀⣿⡇⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⣉⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡟⠿⠶⠶⣾⣿⣉⣀⣀⣠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣟⣓⣋⣙⣛⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠉⣩⡟⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡾⠏⠐⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⣀⠀⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡿⠋⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⢀⣽⣿⣷⣿⣤⣀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣾⣟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠐⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⠉⣹⡀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢓⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠁⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠴⠲⠆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠔⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠒⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣻⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣾⣤⣠⣾⣿⠀⣤⣀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⣯⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡉⠀⠘⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣋⡀⠀⣹⣿⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⠟⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣟⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢗⠀⠀⠀⣀⢤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣄⠂⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠋⠀⠁⠑⠎⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠂⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⣤⣦⣾⣆⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢁⣉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⡇⠀⢸⣩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣧⣶⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⢠⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⣸⣿⣿⡴⠃⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⣾⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡄⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⢀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣷⣖⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⡶⠶⢍⣩⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⠛⣛⣵⡾⠟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⠞⠋⣡⣴⠾⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⡈⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠊⣡⣴⠟⠋⣁⢠⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣦⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣤⣤⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢷⣭⣭⣽⣿⣥ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣄⡿⠆⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⢶⡆⣿⣟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡁⣿⣿⣦⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣦⣴⣶⣷⣪⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠳⡙⢿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣟⡻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⢟⣿⣿⣁⢻⢿⣿⣿⡯ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣠⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠄⢸⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣽⣿⣿⢿⢰⣿⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠠⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣵⣌⣉⣱⣅⣤⣼⣾⢹⢣ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⡿⠁⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠸⣾⣿⣽⣿⣯⠉⣄⢦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣴⡷⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⢐⠀⢻⣿⣿⡿⣮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠿⠿⠿⠿⠽ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡟⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⣂⣉⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣗⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡌⠀⢸⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⡦⡠⠄⣤⣀⣤⣀⣶⣦⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⠀⠀⢻⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠰⠀⢰⡸⡏⢻⣿⠿⡍⠛⠍⠁⠙⠺⠿⠿⠟⠟⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠘⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢠⣿⣿⣶⣿⣥⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⣠ ⡣⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠦⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣭⣸⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠟⠃⠀⢨⡹⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣗⣾⡶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣌⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⣄⢨⣍⠭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⡆⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣤⡄⡈⣍⡙⢿⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣄⠳⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠀⣰⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠇⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣭⣛⠋⡿⠛⠿⣿⡿⣿⣱⣷⣜⢿⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣢⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣟⣑⢠⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠛⢿⡿⠿⠇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣠⣤⣠⣀⡃⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣼⣿⠇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠛⠈⠙⠛⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠈⠁⠡⠀⣦⣤⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣻⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⡫⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣶⣤⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠀⠀⢠⣠⣤⣶⣴⣼⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 537 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/epo-latvia/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/09/epo-latvia/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ All_the_President’s_Men_and_Women_in_Latvia⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:55 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 10a495e4a4723d0c42d3dce3c1004bea http://techrights.org/videos/riga-circus.webm Summary: Video about part_18 of the ongoing series, which was published early this morning THE video above discusses the latest installment in the 20-part series regarding Baltic States, putting more emphasis on PDF files that we’ve added and now store locally. Next month Latvia will vote again, impacting the lives not only of examiners and not only of European people; these high-stake matters help determine access to medicines, access to vaccines, and the freedom to write code without being sued. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Riga⦈ On the right readers can see Riga’s location within Latvia’s map. It’s the capital, which is disproportionately powerful in the context of the nation but hardly_relevant_to_the_patent_realm. As EPO President, Benoît_Battistelli kept travelling there with his ‘bagman’. Also before he became president as he wanted some rigger in Riga. Or “Rigga’” as we like to call it sometimes… (in memes [1, 2]) Lots more interesting stuff will be covered in parts 19 and 20. Stay tuned. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 611 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/irc-log-080921/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/09/irc-log-080921/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_September_08,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:06 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  Qmex9jLLSL9txnT5nCh6eHo6yMRfeTQG8w24TPxD3LFWkt #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmVHD4vbcjjM378eq3NZvmSv5FGvzWguEYiucQ693tEZvQ (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmeFWZuGxcHb8e7fXRBYuMZUZ379EUoZHVJrcJRmDW6ifU social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUiBHfga1d1vHo9y2B4c5MHA6Zj541vTN4ek381gtjn6i social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmcPpbAPFQXxQp25wjSEfAoySzL58z2XpQtyCRSmEFuvQN #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmXiuAAgpBog3dKjVVVBLdYyjzftd7QVGp3HA27q2jJzyE (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmbfme5BrGsn7v7jz7X5u9i5usLcZ4KZs4PsXBYngQLAoc #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmUvt4sCqmM1sYKZeXYAbkvPaoE236q25nvsDcV5YtySsE (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmRQrMxBHfwwYFakm7kaFrHCGe51siakxNU6w9Z1SnmmSD ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 728 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/09/meme-antonio-campinos-in-riga/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/09/meme-antonio-campinos-in-riga/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_[Teaser]_Put_the_Ballot_in_This_Box…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:11 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇You're_soooo_funny,_António_Campinos⦈_ Summary: EUIPO chief António_Campinos (before he was parachuted into the top role of the EPO) meets his rigga’ in Riga ⣀⡀⣈⣉⡉⠉⡉⡉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠁⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢥⣭⣭⡄⠀⢠⣤⣤⣬⣭⡥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⡟⡛⠛⢛⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢣⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣴⣿⣷⣴⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣇⠀⠀⣀⢀⣰⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⣝⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⣶⣤⣶⣾⣿⣟⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠻⣿⡿⠿⠽⣿⣿⡾⣱⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⣍⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠻⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⣶⣶⣿⣿⠏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⢿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⠉⠈⢙⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⠉⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣴⣿⣿⣫⢯⣻⢹⢋⣿⣾⣰⣪⣸⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡿⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢟⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠜⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣲⣸⣧⣿⣽⣧⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣅⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣧⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡟⣿⣟⡿⣿⢽⢫⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣧⣙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⣡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣶⣭⣝⣛⣛⣛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠉⠁⢰⣾⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⡿⠂⡀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣦⣙⠻⣿⣿⣷⢦⠀⠀⠀⣿⣆⣶⣶⣾⠿⠛⣽⠿⠛⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣺⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢰⣶⣦⡄⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⣿⣿⡇⢸⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠟⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 785 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_9/9/2021:_LibreOffice_7.2_Manuals_and_Rust_1.55.0⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 5:10 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Massimo_Pascale_and_his_Lemur_Pro_Explore_Dark_Matter Substructure_with_the_Sunburst_Arc⠀⇛ Unleash Your Potential Program winner Massimo Pascale is a graduate student studying astrophysics at the University of California, Berkeley. Using his Lemur Pro, he’s studying early galaxies and dark matter in the sunburst arc, a distant galaxy magnified through a phenomenon called gravitational lensing. Read the whole interview for more details on the project and his experience with the Lemur Pro! [...] Yeah exactly. I see a lot of parallels between System76 and the open source community as a whole, and how we operate here in astronomy and the rest of the sciences as well. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ YouTube_temporarily_DELETED_my_channel,_here’s_what happened!_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Podcast_to_End_After_14_Years⠀⇛ Since 2008 (back when it was known as the Ubuntu UK Podcast), the show has provided Ubuntu fans with topical discussions on news and events relating to both Ubuntu and the wider Linux community. ”We have decided after 14 triumphant years to hang up our microphones and call it a day,” Ubuntu Podcast host Mark Johnson says in the latest episode. Why is the Ubuntu podcast ending? Johnson explains: “Between us we’ve been doing this for […] longer than some marriages. We’ve all changed jobs in that time. We all had big personal changes in our circumstances in that time – especially over the past 2 years. All of that has made continuing the podcast […] a bit of a challenge.” # ⚓ Ubuntu_Podcast_from_the_UK_LoCo:_S14E27_–_Drip_With_Nods⠀⇛ This week we’ve been buying technology from Russia and playing OpenSpades. We announce that the Ubuntu Podcast is ending and round up our favourite stories from the tech news. It’s Season 14 Episode 27 of the Ubuntu Podcast! Alan Pope, Mark Johnson and Martin Wimpress are connected and speaking to your brain. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_shows_off_their_new_CPU_frequency_control_mechanism_for Linux⠀⇛ Currently limited to Zen 3, AMD has revealed their work on a brand new CPU frequency control mechanism “amd-pstate”. What’s this for then? Well, it was previously announced that AMD along with Valve were working on it with a talk that was presented during the X.Org Developers Conference 2021. Seems this is it and they’re ready to properly introduce it. # ⚓ AMD_Finally_Releases_Overdue_Linux_CPPC_Drive⠀⇛ This is much better than the current generic CPUFreq driver built into Linux, which, as the name states, is generic and isn’t fully optimized for AMD processors. Phoronix notes that it’s taken AMD two full years to finally release this new CPPC driver for Linux. Originally AMD worked on this driver for Zen 2 processors back in 2019, but the company said it didn’t have enough resources to finish the driver during that time. AMD completed the driver right after Steam announced the Steam Deck with its custom Zen 2 APU and Linux-based Steam OS. AMD made custom adjustments to accommodate thread-targeting specifically for that device, but now it appears that the optimizations have been spread out to all Zen 3 processors in Linux environments. # ⚓ Linux_5.15_Adds_VDUSE_For_vDPA_Devices_In_User-Space_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Akin to FUSE for file-systems in user-space, VDUSE is set to be merged for Linux 5.15 in adding support for vDPA devices in user-space. The vDPA framework is the VirtIO Data Path Acceleration code within the kernel for devices complying with the VirtIO specification but relying on a vendor-specific control path. The vDPA framework is increasingly used for abstracting hardware and concealing some elements of the hardware complexities to software while having a unified user-space API as a VirtIO device. # ⚓ If_we_have_a_HDD_in_Linux,_is_it_necessary_to_defragment?_– itsfoss.net⠀⇛ Users who are used to using Windows as an operating system are probably familiar with the terms fragment and defragment, as it is a utility widely used in the Microsoft operating system to improve its performance when using mechanical hard drives. That is why if we decide to switch to a Linux-based operating system, we may wonder whether we should also defragment our HDD to improve its performance over time. This is something that can attract our attention because when we install Linux distros we will surely not find tools to defragment, although they do exist. This may indicate that we will not need much. We always speak from the perspective of a mechanical hard drive since SSD disks do not require defragmentation regardless of the operating system we use. # ⚓ SLUB_Adapted_To_Be_Real-Time_Linux_Compatible_(PREEMPT_RT) –_Phoronix⠀⇛ One of the nice low-level improvements we’ve seen with Linux 5.15 is a number of pieces falling into place in the quest of upstreaming the real-time (RT) patches for Linux. The latest merge makes SLUB RT-compatible. The big RT addition for Linux 5.15 was the PREEMPT_RT locking code being merged and that representing a bulk of the previously outstanding real-time patches needing to be upstreamed. That is a big milestone albeit not across the finish line yet and more of the kernel code continues to be adapted to make it compatible with RT configurations. # ⚓ Compromise_reached_as_Linux_kernel_community_protests_about treating_compiler_warnings_as_errors [Ed: Microsoft Tim]⠀⇛ Pushback from the Linux kernel community over defaulting to -Werror (make all warnings into errors) for compiling has resulted in a compromise where this default only applies to test builds. Linux creator and maintainer Linus Torvalds amended the Makefile used to compile the kernel so that - Werror was the default, saying: “We really should always have a clean build.” The code was merged into what will be version 5.15 of the kernel. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ X.Org_Server_Adds_“AsyncFlipSecondaries”_To_Deal_With Crappy_Multi-Monitor_Experience⠀⇛ At the moment when running the X.Org Server in a multi-monitor configuration with displays of different refresh rates, it can lead to a poor experience with a variety of visual deficiencies when running an unredirected full-screen window with page- flipping for DRI3/Present. There is now a change that was merged into the X.Org Server with a new “AsyncFlipSecondaries” to improve that experience when running multiple displays of varying refresh rates. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ What_is_Calamares_graphical_installer?⠀⇛ Calamares is an installation tool for GNU / Linux distributions. It strives to be lightweight, user- friendly, beautiful, pragmatic, dissimilar, and distro-independent. Flexible in settings, simple and user-friendly OS installer that does not relate to any one command. This is a vivid example of the philosophy of the GNU project, when developers from different teams jointly created one product. It is now used in dozens of distributions and a few others who are close to it. Calamares is maintained by the Calamares team. Most are also KDE developers, with contributions from BBQLinux, Fedora, KaOS, Kubuntu, Manjaro, Maui, Netrunner, and OpenMandriva. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Icinga_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Icinga on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Icinga 2 is an open-source tool used for the monitoring of network resources, manage alerts and provide you assistance in order to monitor your network. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Icinga monitoring on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Snap_Package_Manager_in_Linux Distributions⠀⇛ If you’re a newbie on Linux, there is a chance that you have faced dependency and repository issues while installing a package on your system. Finding one convenient method to install a package on every major Linux distribution was hard without facing any issues. In the beginning, Canonical started building Snap for only Ubuntu. Later, Snap Package Manager was used widely on other Linux distributions too. You can get compiled versions of applications through Snaps. This provides both CLI and pre-compiled packages for Linux. # ⚓ Live-patching_QEMU_with_QEMUCare_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Rebooting is a pain, and in some organizations, downright tedious. Shuffling virtual machines between hosts in a cluster is even more tedious, and when it’s time to install patches, that’s what many administrators are forced to do. In this video, I check out QEMUCare, which aims to live- patch QEMU to avoid VM shuffling. In particular, we’ll look at installing ePortal (which deploys the patches) and also an example scenario. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Webmin_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Webmin on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Webmin is a free and open-source control panel for administering Unix/Linux servers that is very similar to cPanel and provides an easy way to manage Linux systems through a web browser. Webmin web interface is used to set up user and disk management, Apache, DNS, PHP, MySQL, check CPU usage, system info, network config, and more. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Webmin control panel for system administration on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for Rocky Linux. # ⚓ Ping_Command_Tutorial_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ If you are a frequent Linux terminal user then you must be well informed about the Ping command. Ping is one of the most used network diagnostic tools for determining whether or not a network is accessible or reachable and ping can be used to check the status of a server. We may also get the time duration for transmitting and receiving answers from a network using the Linux ping program. Ping sends a sequence of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) packets to the host and then waits for an ICMP response message from the host. This gives us information about the network’s operation. # ⚓ How_to_install_Memcached_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Memcached is an object caching system that helps to get a good response rate while getting data from web applications. It can be used with a long range of programming languages and protocols such as Python, Java, PHP, JS, Ruby, TCP, and UDP protocols. With the help of Memcached, database load can be reduced and increase the response of dynamic web applications, and it stores key-value pairs in memory. We quote here an example in simpler words to let you understand the usage of Memcached: let’s say we have a PHP-based application and a SQL Database, here we will fetch the data from DB and store it in Memcached to speed up the webpages. It stores key-value pairs in memory. Databases store data on your physical storage drive while Memcached stores data on the servers, thus nullifying the use of physical storage devices that resultantly increase the speed. # ⚓ How_to_deploy_FileRun,_an_on-premise_alternative_to_Google Drive_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Google Drive is the de-facto standard for so many people and even small businesses. But if you have either an on-premise data center (or just a spare Linux server on your LAN) or even a cloud-hosted service, and you’d like to have an alternative for certain documents and files, why not make use of FileRun? FileRun is a Nextcloud compatible platform you can deploy as a localized Google Drive/Photos/Music. It’s extendable, safe, brandable and secure. With FileRun, you can share and sync files, access via WebDAV and even connect to it with the Nextcloud mobile app. # ⚓ introducing_witchery:_tools_for_building_distroless_images with_alpine_–_Ariadne’s_Space⠀⇛ As I noted in my last blog, I have been working on a set of tools which enable the building of so- called “distroless” images based on Alpine. These tools have now evolved to a point where they are usable for testing in lab environments, thus I am happy to announce the witchery project. For the uninitiated, a “distroless” image is one which contains only the application and its dependencies. This has some desirable qualities: since the image is only the application and its immediate dependencies, there is less attack surface to worry about. For example, a simple hello-world application built with witchery clocks in at 619kB, while that same hello-world application deployed on alpine:3.14 clocks in at 5.6MB. There are also drawbacks: a distroless image typically does not include a package manager, so there is generally no ability to add new packages to a distroless image. As for why it’s called witchery: we are using Alpine’s package manager in new ways to perform truly deep magic. The basic idea behind witchery is that you use it to stuff your application into an .apk file, and then use apk to install only that .apk and its dependencies into a rootfs: no alpine- base, no apk-tools, no busybox (though witchery allows you to install those things if you want them). # ⚓ Install_MongoDB_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ MongoDB is a freely accessible database. A database contains the gathered information at one place so it is easy to access, utilize and manage the stored data. Now if we go ahead, there are different types of databases for example a centralized database, cloud database, NoSQL database etc. all the databases are classified on the basis of properties. Instead of discussing all types we will have a short introduction of NoSQL databases because MongoDB belongs to it. NoSQL database means it can manage the data differently from the other conventional databases such as MySQL. MongoDB is a non-relational database, which can be used more conveniently. There are not a set of rules unlike other databases that you have to follow. You can manage data on a tabular form and can alter it at any time on the rules set by the user itself. # ⚓ How_To_Use_Shell_Environment_Variables_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to give a cursory introduction to shell environment variables, which come in two forms: global variables and local variables. I also discuss some of the global variables that I often use, including the PATH variable and how to add to the PATH. # ⚓ A_background_painting_tip_that_saved_me_tons_of_time._– David_Revoy⠀⇛ Managing the amount of details was always a difficult topic for me; especially when it comes to manage them in my backgrounds. I naturally tends to spend too much time on them, polishing corner after corner of my artworks. But over the time I found a way out of necessity and guessing; a couple of rules that allows me to details only 30% while painting almost flat the other part. # ⚓ GNU_Linux_how_to_update_BIOS_Firmware_of_Lenovo_t440 without_Windows_🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇:)⦈__how_to_fix_stuck permanent_function_(Fn)_key⠀⇛ # ⚓ LibreOffice_Getting_Started_Guide_7.2_published⠀⇛ The latest user guide from the LibreOffice documentation team is Getting Started with LibreOffice 7.2, available in free PDF, ODT, or to read in a browser. Visit the Documentation page on the LibreOffice website for links. # ⚓ Add_repository_to_Install_MySQL_5.7_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS Linux⠀⇛ Using the default system repository you will have MySQL 8.0 Server to install, however, if you want to install MySQL 5.7 Database server on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) Linux. Then we need to install this Database’s official repository manually. Oracle MySQL is a popular database server used by thousands of server programs around the globe. It is free and open-source, hence anyone can deploy it without paying anything. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Explore_a_strange_and_ancient_world_in_the_survival- platformer_Residual_out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Residual from developer OrangePixel and publisher Apogee Entertainment is a “new breed” of survival platformer. It’s out today with full Linux support. “In a forgotten galaxy full of strange planets, a lone explorer crash-lands on one with an ancient alien secret. Venture forth from the shipwreck across a harsh, unpredictable, procedurally generated world. Harvest food and make campfires to stay alive. Craft science-fiction survival tools like teleporters and mining devices. Unearth alien technology capable of repairing the ship. Hunger, cosmic storms, hostile plant life and the mysterious ooze are among the many obstacles you’ll face.” # ⚓ Low-Spec_1080p_Gaming_ROCKS_with_AMD_FSR!_#Battlefield_– Invidious⠀⇛ AMD FSR + Proton-GE is a winning combination for Linux gamers without a dedicated GPU. Here’s DICE’s Battlefield 5 running on just a Ryzen 7 4800H with AMD FSR Off/On. # ⚓ Epic_Games_Store_to_Linux_Grow_Faster_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ We are going to talk about some news that will surely arouse interest, at least in the form of curiosities. In fact, we are going to talk about platforms and systems as important as Epic Games Store , for game lovers, or Ubuntu, for open source operating systems. In addition, we are going to tell you how you can get a free game right now. Surely all those who make regular use of the PC platform to play, when talking about the Epic Games Store, no presentation is needed. It is one of the most important stores in this sense, and it also offers us an application full of functions and features . o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Tobias_Bernard:_Software_41:_Context_Tiles⠀⇛ GNOME 41 is going to be released in a few weeks, and as you may have heard it will come with a major refresh to Software’s interface. Our goals for this initiative included making it a more appealing place to discover and install new apps, exposing app information more clearly, and making it more reliable overall. We’ve made big strides in all these areas, and I think you’ll be impressed how much nicer the app feels in 41. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_overview_|_SparkyLinux_6.0_“KDE”_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of SparkyLinux 6.0 “KDE” and some of the applications pre-installed. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Accessing_SUSE_Updates_in_AWS._When_do_you_need_a private_repository? ⠀⇛ Patching is an important part of managing any OS infrastructure with updates providing security related enhancements along with stability improvements. SUSE recommend patching your systems as soon as updates are available. So where, and how can SUSE instances on the AWS Cloud consume patches? # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ CentOS_clone_Rocky_Linux_gets_technical_support⠀⇛ When Red Hat, CentOS’s Linux parent company, announced it was “shifting focus from CentOS Linux, the rebuild of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), to CentOS Stream, which tracks just ahead of a current RHEL release,” many CentOS users were miserable. In response, developers started two major CentOS forks: AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux. AlmaLinux already has support from its sponsoring company CloudLinux and now Rocky Linux does too from its parent business CIQ. # ⚓ CIQ_Supports_Rocky_Linux_Users_with_Enterprise-Grade Services⠀⇛ CIQ, principal founding partner for Rocky Linux and the Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation, is now officially offering support services and value adds for Rocky Linux users. Started by legendary CentOS and Rocky Linux founder, Gregory Kurtzer, CIQ is intended as a one-stop resource, delivering enterprise support and services for businesses and organizations at every level. From creation, integration, complex network questions, and onboarding issues, CIQ features the core experts of Rocky Linux to help a wide variety of clients from SMBs, universities, tech giants, laboratories, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals, supercomputing, and government # ⚓ I’m_looking_for_YOUR_stories_from_Fedora_history⠀⇛ Hey everyone! In a couple of weeks, I’m going to be giving a talk at Open Source Summit called “35 Fedora Releases in 30 minutes“. This is basically going to be a whirlwind tour of our history. I was there for a lot of it, but not all, and certainly not from all perspectives. In preparation, I’d like to get more of your input. If you’re interested in sharing what you remember about Fedora Core 3 (Heidelberg), or Fedora Linux 8 (Werewolf!), or even F23 or F27 or whatever, or anywhere in between, I’d love to hear from you. # ⚓ Applying_DevSecOps_practices_to_Kubernetes:_software supply_chain⠀⇛ We’ve discussed ways for you to build a DevSecOps culture and start introducing DevSecOps practices to your development workflows. This post expands on this topic and explores how you could apply the core practices of DevSecOps for your Kubernetes environments. # ⚓ Now_Available:_Multi_Target_Replication_on_SAP_HANA for_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux⠀⇛ # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Bits_from_Debian:_DebConf21_online_closes⠀⇛ On Saturday 28 August 2021, the annual Debian Developers and Contributors Conference came to a close. DebConf21 has been held online for the second time, due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic. All of the sessions have been streamed, with a variety of ways of participating: via IRC messaging, online collaborative text documents, and video conferencing meeting rooms. With 740 registered attendees from more than 15 different countries and a total of over 70 event talks, discussion sessions, Birds of a Feather (BoF) gatherings and other activities, DebConf21 was a large success. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Evolution_of_Open-source_EPC_—_A_Revolution_in_the Telecom_Industry⠀⇛ Open-source projects gravitate to some common problems in the industry. The use of open- source projects accelerates product/solution development and cuts down the costs. Open- source projects for embedded systems to the cloud are commonplace. Until a few years ago, telecom technologies had not leveraged the power of the open- source. This blog aims to cover the open- source movement in telecom, focused on the telecom core. We will cover the capabilities, strengths, and limitations of several open- source telecom cores. The comparisons are made based on the needs of telecom operators (MNOs and MVNOs) and enterprises who need to deploy private LTE networks. # ⚓ Ubuntu_21.10:_Release_the_party⠀⇛ There ain’t no party like an Ubuntu release party. You might think that you are a party animal, but have you seen an Impish Indri? Some time ago, it was common for the Ubuntu LoCos (local communities) to host and run ‘release parties’, meet-ups, and get- togethers where members of the wider community come together to talk about all things Ubuntu. This idea has somewhat disappeared. But what’s stopping it from coming back? For Ubuntu 21.10 we’d like to encourage you to get involved in a release party again. Let’s call it a warm-up for 21.10. Because of the re-rising number of cases of COVID-19 we recommend you run a virtual meet-up, reach out to people in the community you know or have worked with before, tell them to join and invite their friends, and share the Ubuntu love. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Argon_EON_–_A_4-Bay_NAS_for_Raspberry_Pi_4_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ Argon EON is a 4-bay network access storage (NAS) enclosure designed to work with Raspberry Pi 4 that follows other popular Raspberry Pi cases from the company including the Argon One and Argon One M.2. Also known as the Argon EON Pi NAS, the enclosure features four SATA hard drive ports that will fit two 3.5-inch SATA HDD and two 2.5-inch SATA for a maximum capacity of up to 40 TB with consumer-grade drives, although I suppose it’s not a hard limit. # ⚓ Quad-bay_Raspberry_Pi_NAS_starts_at_$127⠀⇛ Argon40 has gone to Kickstarter with a $127 “Argon Eon” NAS server for the Raspberry Pi 4 equipped with 2x 2.5-inch and 2x 3.5-inch SATA bays for up to 40TB plus a 12V/5A supply, fan, RTC, and OLED display. Hong Kong based Argon40, which makes Raspberry Pi accessories including the Argon One, Argon One M.2, and Argon Neo, has won over $30K on Kickstarter to fund its first network-attached storage (NAS) case for the Raspberry Pi. The Argon Eon Pi NAS offers up to 40TB of shared storage via dual 2.5-inch bays with SSD and HDD support and dual 3.5-inch bays for HDDs. The system is available for $127 or $181 with a built-in Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with 4GB RAM. Shipments are due in December. # ⚓ An_Overview_of_PostmarketOS,_Ubuntu_Touch_and_Plasma Mobile⠀⇛ This article is for you who wants to know about libre mobile phone. Continuing the previous overview, this article now briefly overviews the central technologies of this topic, namely Ubuntu Touch, and PostmarketOS, and Plasma Mobile. These are all GNU/Linux family and not Android. By discussing these software pieces we will understand and introduce ourselves to practical secure, private communication with software freedom. # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_4_Car_Dash_Computer_Takes_Linux_on_the_Road⠀⇛ It’s not uncommon to find touch screen computers in the dashboard of modern vehicles but if yours doesn’t have one, you’re not out of the game just yet. Developer David Burgess recently created his own from scratch using a Raspberry Pi and detailed the process along the way. To power this automotive Linux machine, he’s using a Raspberry Pi 4. Fitting hardware into places it wasn’t designed for often requires ingenuity. In this case, Burgess 3D-printed a custom mounting plate for the Pi and a case used to house a touch screen. In addition to the Raspberry Pi, the system uses the original car stereo to help control the speakers and subwoofer. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ ESP32_Arduino_2.0.0_release_adds_ESP32-C3_and_ESP32- S2_support⠀⇛ As just noted in my article about LILYGO T- 32C3 module, the ESP32 Arduino 2.0.0 release happened a few days ago adding ESP32-C3 and ESP32-S2 support to the Arduino IDE. # ⚓ LILYGO_T-32C3_–_A_small_ESP32-C3_WiFi_&_BLE_IoT module_with_4MB_flash_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ We’ve slowly starting to see more hardware based on ESP32-C3 RISC-V processor, and LILYGO T-32C3 is a compact module based on the WiFi & Bluetooth LE processor that includes 4MB flash and a PCB antenna. # ⚓ Highly_Configurable_Open_Source_Microscope_Cooked_Up In_FreeCAD_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ What do you get when you cross a day job as a Medical Histopathologist with an interest in 3D printing and programming? You get a fully- baked Open Source microscope, specifically the Portable Upgradeable Modular Affordable (or PUMA), that’s what. And this is no toy microscope. By combining a sprinkle of off- the-shelf electronics available from pretty much anywhere, a pound or two of filament, and a dash of high quality optical parts, PUMA cooks up quite possibly one of the best open source microscopy experiences we’ve ever tasted. GitHub user [TadPath] works as a medical pathologist and clearly knows a thing or two about what makes a great instrument, so it is a genuine joy for us to see this tasty project laid out in such a complete fashion. Many a time we’ve looked into an high-profile project, only to find a pile of STL files and some hard to source special parts. But not here. This is deliberately designed to be buildable by practically anyone with access to a 3D printer and an eBay account. # ⚓ RISC-V_emulator_in_the_form_of_a_pixel_shader_that allowed_Linux_to_run_in_VRChat_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ The results of an experiment on organizing the launch of Linux inside the virtual 3D space of the online multiplayer game VRChat , which allows loading 3D models with their own shaders, have been published. To implement the conceived idea, an emulator of the RISC- V architecture was created, executed on the GPU side in the form of a pixel (fragment) shader (VRChat does not support computational shaders and UAV). The emulator code is published under the MIT license. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android_12′s_release_candidate_gets_more_Live_Space features_up_and_running⠀⇛ # ⚓ Motorola_Android_11_update:_List_of_eligible_devices &_release_date⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_urged_to_delete_8_popular_apps_that could_steal_their_money_|_Glasgow_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme’s_first_Android_tablet_debuts_in_India alongside_the_Realme_8s_5G_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ ZTE_Axon_30_review:_Unpolished_power_and_innovation_– Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Flutter_2.5_released_with_full-screen_Android_app_and Material_You_support⠀⇛ # ⚓ 6_Must-Have_Android_Apps_for_Cyclists⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Speedometer_GPS, more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Weather_redesign_widely_rolls_out_on_Android_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_follows_up_on_its_last_Easter_egg_with_a new_Paint_Chip_widget⠀⇛ # ⚓ SD_Times_news_digest:_Android_12_Beta_5,_Flutter_2.5 released,_Databricks_closes_Series_H_funding_–_SD Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_urged_to_delete_8_popular_apps_that could_steal_their_money_|_The_Bolton_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Private_Compute_Services_let_features_get updates_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hisense’s_new_75-inch_U7G_4K_120Hz_Android_TV_w/_HDMI 2.1_sees_$302_discount_to_all-time_low_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ 8_great_apps_you_can_only_get_on_an_Android_phone⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Intel’s_Cloud-Hypervisor_18.0_Brings_AArch64_Improvements, VHDX_Disk_Image_Support⠀⇛ The Intel-led open-source Cloud-Hypervisor project building off Linux’s KVM (and also supporting Microsoft MSHV) and being cloud-focused and leveraging the Rust programming language for greater security is out with its newest major release. Cloud-Hypervisor 18.0 was christened today as the newest version of this open-source Rust-based VMM. While originally x86_64 focused given Intel leading the project, in recent times there has been a lot of 64-bit ARM (AArch64) work contributed by Arm and other stakeholders. With Cloud-Hypervisor 18.0 there is now AArch64 support for VirtIO-MEM, CPU topology support, and power button support. Live migration support for AArch64 should also now be working. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ These_Weeks_in_Firefox:_Issue_99⠀⇛ # ⚓ Attempted_compile_Firefox_in_EasyOS⠀⇛ Some applications, over the years, have become more bloated and more difficult to compile. Firefox included. # ⚓ Did_Internet_Friends_Fill_The_Gaps_Left_By Social_Distance?⠀⇛ March 2020 brought to the world a scenario we only imagined possible in dystopian novels. Once bustling cities and towns were desolate. In contrast, the highways and byways of the internet were completely congested with people grasping for human connection, and internet friends became more important than ever. Since then, there have been countless discussions about how people have fared with keeping in touch with others during the COVID-19 pandemic — like how families have endured while being separated by continents without the option to travel, and how once solid friendships have waxed and waned without brunches and cocktail hours. However, the internet has served more like a proverbial town square than ever before, with many having found themselves using online spaces to create and cultivate internet friends more over the last year and a half than ever before. As the country starts hesitantly opening, the looming question overall is, what will these online relationships look like when COVID-19 is no more? For Will F. Coakley, a deputy constable from Austin, Texas, the highs of her online friend groups she made on Zoom and Marco Polo have already dissipated. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ pg_dumpbinary_v2.5_released⠀⇛ pg_dumpbinary is a program used to dump a PostgreSQL database with data dumped in binary format. The resulting dump must be restored using pg_restorebinary that is provided with this tool. pg_dumpbinary 2.5 was released today, this new release adds support to data restoration in tables with altered structure. pg_dumpbinary will now create a file meta- schema..txt per table that stores the tables columns list at export time. At restore time pg_restore binary will read this file if present, or get the target columns list from the pre-data section dumped. The target list will be appended to the COPY FROM command to avoid error messages like “ERROR: row field count is 28, expected 29″. This is necessary for tables from upgraded extensions with more columns or if you try to import data only into an existent table with more columns. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_Getting_Started_Guide_7.2⠀⇛ The LibreOffice Documentation Team is happy to announce the LibreOffice Getting Started Guide 7.2, covering the latest innovations of the best open source office suite. The new guide is an effort of many volunteers and among them, Jean Hollis Weber, Kees Kriek, Peter Schofield, Vasudev Narayanan, Rafael Lima and Mitchell Camfield. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Cro:_Maintain_it_With_Zig⠀⇛ This blog post by Loris Cro makes the claim that the Zig language is the solution to a lot of low-level programming problems… # ⚓ Maintain_it_With_Zig⠀⇛ C and C++ are kings when it comes to writing efficient software and the C ABI is the lingua franca of software interoperability, allowing C libraries to be used by almost any other language. This ubiquity, coupled with the rise of free and open source software development, has created over the course of the last 40 years a humongous collection of libraries and tools that make up what can be rightfully described as the critical infrastructure of modern software. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ RPi_Python_Library_Has_Retro_Chiptunes_And Speech_Covered_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ The classic SP0256-AL2 speech chip has featured a few times on these pages, and if you’ve not seen the actual part before, you almost certainly have heard the resulting audio output. The latest Python library from prolific retrocomputing enthusiast [Nick Bild] brings the joy of the old chip to the Raspberry Pi platform, with an added extra trick; support for the venerable AY-3-8910 sound generator as well. The SP0256-AL2 chip generates vaguely recognisable speech using the allophone system. Allophones are kind of like small chunks of speech audio which when reproduced sequentially, result in intelligible phonemes that form the basis of speech. The chip requires an external device to feed it the allophones at a regular rate, which is the job of his Gi-Pi library. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Rust_Programming_Language_Blog:_Announcing Rust_1.55.0⠀⇛ The Rust team is happy to announce a new version of Rust, 1.55.0. Rust is a programming language empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software. If you have a previous version of Rust installed via rustup, getting Rust 1.55.0 is as easy as… * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Manjaro_Cinnamon_Edition_Decided_to_Switch_from Firefox_to_Vivaldi⠀⇛ The decision was received with mixed feelings by the Linux community, as Vivaldi is not open source software. Starting from today, Vivaldi is the default browser on the Arch-based Linux distribution Manjaro on its Cinnamon edition. This is not the first time Manjaro has given us such a surprise. Most of you probably remember the Free Office case. However, the change goes official today for anyone doing a fresh installation of Manjaro’s Cinnamon Edition. For starters, Vivaldi is intended for power users and provides an impressive level of control over the interface. Vivaldi is one of the lesser-known browsers, but it is actually a really good choice if you value customization and privacy above all else. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Open_Source_Initiative’s_new executive_director⠀⇛ The Open Source Initiative has announced the appointment of Stefano Maffulli as its executive director. # ⚓ Michael_Cheng_Joins_the_Linux_Foundation Board_of_Directors [Ed: Linux Foundation: Openwashing malicious things, including surveillance, using the Linux(TM) brand]⠀⇛ We’re pleased to announce that Michael Cheng joined the Linux Foundation Board of Directors earlier this year. Michael is a product manager at Facebook, currently supporting open source and standards work across the company. Michael is a former network engineer and M&A attorney. He previously led the product, commercial, and intellectual property functions on Facebook’s M&A legal team. # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ SPDX_Becomes_Internationally Recognized_Standard_for_Software_Bill of_Materials_–_Linux_Foundation⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, Joint Development Foundation, and the SPDX community, today announced the Software Package Data Exchange® (SPDX®) specification has been published as ISO/IEC 5962:2021 and recognized as the international open standard for security, license compliance, and other software supply chain artifacts. ISO/IEC JTC 1 is an independent, non- governmental standards body. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation’s_SPDX_becomes ISO/IEC_JTC_1_standard_to_address supply_chain_security_–_Neowin⠀⇛ For secure and compliant development throughout global software supply chains, VMware, Synopsys, Texas Instruments, Sony, Philips, Microsoft, and Intel are among the companies employing SPDX to relay Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) information in tools or policies. SBOMs are employed as a segment of a fundamental system to track and trace components across software supply chains. They are also used to aid in identifying software component problems and risks, and determining a starting point for remediation. # ⚓ SPDX_Becomes_New_Standard_for_Open- Source_Software,_Security⠀⇛ Backed by many of the world’s largest companies for more than a decade, the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) specification is now an internationally recognized ISO/IEC JTC 1 standard. The Linux Foundation announced Thursday that the SPDX specification has been published as ISO/IEC 5962: 2021. It is now the open standard for security, license compliance, and other software supply chain artifacts. This comes during a transformational time for software and supply chain security. # ⚓ SPDX_Becomes_Official_Data_Standard For_Software_Bill_Of_Materials⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, Joint Development Foundation, and the SPDX community, today announced the Software Package Data Exchange (SPDX) specification has been published as ISO/IEC 5962:2021 and recognized as the international open standard for security, license compliance, and other software supply chain artifacts. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Fedora (lynx, matrix-synapse, and proftpd), openSUSE (ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs), Oracle (kernel), Red Hat (RHV-H), Scientific Linux (kernel), and Ubuntu (libapache2-mod-auth-mellon, linux, linux-aws, linux-aws-5.11, linux-azure, linux-azure-5.11, linux-gcp, linux-hwe- 5.11, linux-kvm, linux-oracle, linux- oracle-5.11, linux-raspi, linux, linux- aws, linux-aws-5.4, linux-azure, linux- azure-5.4, linux-gcp, linux-gcp-5.4, linux-gke, linux-gke-5.4, linux-gkeop, linux-gkeop-5.4, linux-kvm, linux- oracle, linux-oracle-5.4, and linux- azure-5.8, linux-oem-5.10). # ⚓ Thousands_of_Credentials_Stolen_in_Global Windows_and_Linux_Hack⠀⇛ The campaign, Chimaera, which was made public yesterday by AT&T Alien Labs, has been in operation since July. Windows users have been attacked, alongside various Linux distributions including Alpine, AWS, Docker and Kubernetes. [..] To infect Windows systems, the attackers implemented a malicious script into the device that automatically downloads all the tools needed to mine data. Researchers have urged organisations to keep software updated and maintain minimal exposure to the internet on Linux servers. # ⚓ 3_years,_17_alphas,_2_betas,_and_over_7,500 commits_later,_OpenSSL_version_3_is_here⠀⇛ The OpenSSL team has released version 3.0 of its eponymous secure communications library after a lengthy gestation period. Coming nearly three years after its predecessor, version 1.1.1, the update lays claim to 17 alpha releases, two beta releases, and more than 7,500 commits. Equally significant is a near- doubling of the amount of documentation since upgrading an application to use it might not be an entirely simple process. “OpenSSL 3.0 is a major release and not fully backwards compatible with the previous release,” explained Matt Caswell of the OpenSSL Management Committee. While most applications that used the previous incarnation will work OK and just need a recompilation (although Caswell cautioned that deprecated APIs would likely result in warnings), some apps will need changing. And if an app is using a deprecated API, it would probably be a good idea to update it anyway as those APIs will more than likely be for the chop in a future version. There are some substantial changes in version 3. From a technical standpoint, the most significant is the new Federal Information Processing Standards module, the paperwork for the validation of which is due to be submitted later this month. The team is going for FIPS 140-2 and expects to get its final certificate in 2022. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Good_news_about_women_and_ID_cards_in Afghanistan⠀⇛ Paradoxically, in the tragic situation they are in now, this is a problem that many afghan women do not have, for the wrong reason: They never had any identity cards, or biometrics in general, to hide. o § Environment⠀➾ # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Plans_for_$400-billion_new_city_in_the_American desert_unveiled⠀⇛ The cleanliness of Tokyo, the diversity of New York and the social services of Stockholm: Billionaire Marc Lore has outlined his vision for a 5-million-person “new city in America” and appointed a world-famous architect to design it. Now, he just needs somewhere to build it — and $400 billion in funding. The former Walmart executive last week unveiled plans for Telosa, a sustainable metropolis that he hopes to create, from scratch, in the American desert. The ambitious 150,000-acre proposal promises eco- friendly architecture, sustainable energy production and a purportedly drought- resistant water system. A so-called “15- minute city design” will allow residents to access their workplaces, schools and amenities within a quarter-hour commute of their homes. Although planners are still scouting for locations, possible targets include Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Texas and the Appalachian region, according to the project’s official website. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Figure/Ground:_Alphonse_Allais’_April_Fools_Album_ (1897)⠀⇛ A man of many talents, Allais’ series of paintings, collected in the monograph Album primo-avrilesque (roughly translated as An April Fools Album) arose, perversely, from his lack of aptitude in the realm of visual art. Each of the seven monochrome plates, bordered by lace-like decorations, features a title which implies the dissolution of figure into ground. A Campbell’s-soup-red rectangle comes with the title Apoplectic cardinals harvesting tomatoes on the shore of the Red Sea (an effect of Aurora Borealis). A frame filled with nothing but blue, anticipating Yves Klein’s later experimentation, gets explained by an effusive caption: Astonishment of young naval recruits seeing, for the first time, your blue, O Mediterranean Sea! Allais’ white painting, which antecedes Rauschenberg’s modular series by more than fifty years, claims to show anemic girls commuting to their first communion during snowfall. The Album ends with a funeral march. It consists of a blank musical staff, beating John Cage to the punch, perhaps meant to be “played” alongside another Allais invention: a hearse whose coffin compartment contains a cremator. In the Album, we witness Allais’ humor assume a register that is more than merely off- color. The funeral march appears below a dedication — for “a great deaf man” — insisting that ableist prejudice follows one beyond the grave. His black plate comes with the title Combat de nègres dans une cave, pendant la nuit (Negroes fighting in a cellar, at night). As the art historian Rebecca Zorach notes, the joke sabotages the series’ conceit of representation. If there is no light in the supposed cave, why would skin color even matter? ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2421 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_9/9/2021:_LibreOffice_7.1.6_Community,_Tor_Browser_10.5.6,_and WordPress_5.8.1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:12 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ BSDNow_419:_Rethinking_OS_installs⠀⇛ Reviewing a first OpenBSD port, NetBSD 9.2 on a DEC Alpha CPU in QEMU with X11, FreeBSD Experiment Rethinks the OS Install, GhostBSD switching to FreeBSD rc.d, Irix gets LLVM, and more. # ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_921⠀⇛ google pay, netware, novell, phones, tech blogs, vaccuum cleaners o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Some_5.14_development_statistics⠀⇛ The 5.14 kernel was released on August 29 after a nine-week development period. This cycle was not as active as its predecessor, which set a record for the number of developers involved, but there was still a lot going on and a number of long-awaited features were merged. Now that the release is out, the time has come for our traditional look at where the code in 5.14 came from and how it got there. To create 5.14, the kernel community applied 14,735 non-merge changesets from 1,912 developers; 261 of those developers made their first kernel contribution during this cycle. There were 861,000 lines of code added to the kernel and 321,000 lines removed, for a net growth of 540,000 lines. # ⚓ Nftables_reaches_1.0⠀⇛ The Linux kernel is a fast-moving project, but change can still be surprisingly slow to come at times. The nftables project to replace the kernel’s packet-filtering subsystem has its origins in 2008, but is still not being used by most (or perhaps even many) production firewalls. The transition may be getting closer, though, as highlighted by the release of nftables 1.0.0 on August 19. The first public nftables release was made by Patrick McHardy in early 2009. At that time, the kernel had a capable packet-filtering subsystem in the form of iptables, of course, that was in widespread use, but there were a number of problems driving a change. These include the fact that the kernel had (and still has) more than one packet- filtering mechanism: there is one for IPv4, another for IPv6, yet another for ARP, and so on. Each of those subsystems is mostly independent, with a lot of duplicated code. Beyond that, iptables contains an excessive amount of built-in protocol knowledge and suffers from a difficult API that, among other things, makes it impossible to update a single rule without replacing the entire set. The core idea behind nftables was to throw away all of that protocol-aware machinery and replace it with a simple virtual machine that could be programmed from user space. Administrators would still write rules referring to specific packet- header fields and such, but user-space tooling would translate those rules into low-level fetch and compare operations, then load the result into the kernel. That resulted in a smaller packet- filtering engine that was also far more flexible; it also had the potential to perform better. It looked like a win, overall, once the minor problem of transitioning a vast number of users had been overcome. # ⚓ Not-a-GPU_accelerator_drivers_cross_the_line⠀⇛ As a general rule, the kernel community is happy to merge working device drivers without much concern for the availability of any associated user-space code. What happens in user space is beyond the kernel’s concern and unaffected by the kernel’s license. There is an exception, though, in the form of drivers for graphical processors (GPUs), which cannot be merged in the absence of a working, freely-licensed user-space component. The question of which drivers are subject to that rule has come up a few times in recent years; that discussion has now come to a decision point with an effort to block some Habana Labs driver updates from entry into the 5.15 kernel. The GPU-driver rule is the result of a “line in the sand” drawn by direct-rendering (DRM) maintainer Dave Airlie in 2010. The kernel side of most GPU drivers is a simple conduit between user space and the device; it implements something similar to a network connection. The real complexity of these drivers is in the user-space component, which uses the kernel-provided channel to control the GPU via a (usually) proprietary protocol. The DRM maintainers have long taken the position that, without a working user-space implementation, they are unable to judge, maintain, or test the kernel portion of the driver. They have held firm for over a decade now, and feel that this policy is an important part of the progress that this subsystem has made over that time. At its core, a GPU is an accelerator that is optimized to perform certain types of processing much more quickly than even the fastest CPU can. Graphics was the first domain in which these accelerators found widespread use, but it is certainly not the last. More recently, there has been a developing market in accelerators intended to perform machine-learning tasks; one of those, the Habana Gaudi, is supported by the Linux kernel. o § AMD⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_PTDMA_Driver_Landing_For_Linux_5.15_After_Two_Years_In The_Works_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Going back to September 2019 was work on the AMD PTDMA driver for supporting this controller found on modern AMD processors for high bandwidth memory- to-memory and I/O copy operations. With the Linux 5.15 cycle the AMD PTDMA driver is finally being merged to the mainline kernel. AMD EPYC processors feature multiple PTDMA device instances. While the PTDMA controllers have been found in AMD processors already, the upstreaming process has taken two years and gone through more than ten rounds of code review to address outstanding items and other suggestions for improvements. # ⚓ AMD_Posts_New_“AMD-PSTATE”_CPUFreq_Driver_Leveraging_CPPC For_Better_Perf-Per-Watt_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ At last! AMD has posted the Linux kernel driver patches for their new “AMD-PSTATE” driver! This driver with modern AMD Zen CPUs (initially limited to Zen 3) to achieve greater performance per Watt / power efficiency on Linux than the conventional ACPI CPUFreq driver. The new AMD-PSTATE driver is akin to Intel’s P- State driver long used by Intel CPUs as better catering to their hardware than the generic ACPI CPUFreq driver. AMD-PSTATE leverages ACPI Collaborative Processor Performance Controls (CPPC) for making more informed performance state decisions. # ⚓ AMDVLK_2021.Q3.6_Brings_New_Extensions,_Valheim_Shader Optimization_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ AMDVLK 2021.Q3.6 enables the VK_EXT_load_store_op_none and VK_KHR_zero_initialize_workgroup_memory. VK_EXT_load_store_op_none is an optimization to avoid unnecessary synchronization in certain situations. VK_KHR_zero_initialize_workgroup_memory is used to zero initiative memory for running untrusted content to avoid possible memory-scraping attacks. # ⚓ AMD_Branch_Sampling_Support_Being_Worked_On_For_Linux_– Phoronix⠀⇛ A new kernel patch series was posted this morning working on AMD Branch Sampling “BRS” support. AMD Family 19h “Zen” processors support this branch sampling feature for collecting details on branches taken during code execution. The latest AMD Zen 3 processors do contain improvements to BRS functionality. AMD BRS is detailed within their processor programming reference guides that are public but until now with this new patch series sent out by a Google engineer there hasn’t been any Linux support/integration. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Command_Line_Text_to_Speech_Apps_for_Linux⠀⇛ This article will cover a list of useful text to speech (TTS) apps available for Linux. These apps can identify a piece of text, convert it to speech, and then speak words and sentences through the speakers of your Linux system. They convert text to speech using artificial intelligence algorithms and pretrained machine learning models. These apps usually provide a range of different voices having predefined tones, accent and way of speaking. Some of these apps allow you to configure voice parameters like tempo and pitch. It is common for text to speech apps to have robotic voices that don’t sound like real life voices. However, the technology is improving and more human sounding voices are coming off these text to speech apps. # ⚓ plocate_Is_A_Much_Faster_locate_(Drop-In_Replacement_For mlocate)⠀⇛ locate is a Unix tool used to find files by name on the filesystem, which uses a prebuilt database of generated files (created using updatedb). Using locate is faster than find, but it requires having the database updated to find newly added files. locate was created in 1982, with the BSD and GNU Findutils versions deriving from the original implementation. plocate is a newer (the first stable release was less than a year ago), much faster locate. It’s based on posting lists, giving much faster searches on a much smaller index. The command-line tool is a drop-in replacement for mlocate (Merging Locate; a restricted-access database, only showing filenames accessible to the user) in nearly all aspects, including reusing the mlocate database (plocate creates its own index using plocate-build which reads the database made by updatedb), and is fast on SSDs and HDDs alike. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_Nutch-based_web_spiders_are_now_blocked_here⠀⇛ If you write a web crawler engine, you should make it very hard for people to not fill in all of the information for a proper user-agent string (such as a URL explaining the crawling). Apache Nutch, I’m looking at you, given UA’s of eg “test search engine/Nutch-1.19-SNAPSHOT”. # ⚓ How_do_I_reset_a_Password_in_Linux⠀⇛ Linux allows users to change their passwords whenever they log in. Linux offers the “passwd” utility to change an existing or a new user account password. Any information that is related to the encrypted user’s password or the password-related details is stored in the “/etc/shadow” file of the Linux system. If you are a normal user, then you can only change the password for your account. But if you are a root user or user with sudo access, you can also change the other users’ password. Whenever you change the password, make sure that you use a strong and unique password that meets the standard criteria for a Linux password. Having a strong password is a smart move to protect your account from potential thefts and unauthorized access. A strong password should be 16 characters long, containing one uppercase letter, one lowercase letter, one number, and one special character. It is a good habit to update your password frequently to save it from hackers and other unwanted access. # ⚓ How_do_I_check_the_size_of_a_Folder_in_Linux⠀⇛ Linux offers you various amazing command-line commands that will help in performing various tasks. One of the major tasks performed from the command line of Linux is to check the size of the file or folder. It might be necessary to make space for the incoming file or transfer it to another location. Also, when you run some deployments, it tends to create a log file automatically, and the space will fill up with those log files. So we must track the space of the file or folder and make space on the disk for them accordingly. For this, you will need a Linux system, a command- line interface for running the command, and the right user access for checking the space on the Linux system. We will be looking at various ways to check the file or folder size available on the Linux system. # ⚓ How_to_Connect_to_Wi-Fi_on_Kali_Linux⠀⇛ This tutorial explains how to connect to Wi-Fi with Kali Linux using both graphical and text modes. After reading this tutorial, you’ll know how to connect to your wireless network from your graphical environment and the console using both nmtui and mncli tools. # ⚓ How_do_I_List_All_Groups_in_Linux⠀⇛ Linux systems may have several users that are divided into many groups. These groups are the collection of users with the same set of privileges like reading, writing, or executing permission for a particular file or resources shared among the users of that group. Linux allows you to add a new user or the existing user to the existing group for utilizing the privileges of that particular group that it will grant. We will learn about the various Linux groups and how to list all the members of the group. # ⚓ How_do_I_list_Upgradable_packages_in_Ubuntu⠀⇛ In computing, updates of the packages or OS have a key role in bringing the new functionalities to the users. You may encounter several updates after a few days or weeks; these updates carry bug fixes and minor changes to any software or your operating system. The frequent updates do not necessarily mean that you will experience a new interface or experience every time: however, most updates are related to some bug fixes that are identified in the previous releases. Like other operating systems, Ubuntu also provides updates time by time, and you can get the packages that can be upgraded; you have the option to upgrade all the packages or can upgrade one by one. In this write-up, our focus is to print the upgradeable packages list in Ubuntu’s terminal. So, let’s start: # ⚓ How_do_you_Add_a_User_to_Linux⠀⇛ Linux provides you the most commonly used command that is “useradd” or “adduser.” It allows you to add or create the user to the Linux system and some properties that may differ from another user. These users can access some files or directories, and some users may not depend on what access they have. Whenever a user is added or created, access is given to that user as per the requirement. The “useradd ” command may vary for various Linux distributions, so it is recommended that you read the documentation properly before you create a new user account in Linux. We highlight the methods on how you can add or create a new user within the Linux system. # ⚓ How_do_You_Create_a_New_File_in_Linux⠀⇛ If you are working on Linux, then you will get various utilities for creating files. It is considered the most frequent task in Linux as most of the work is completed via files and directories. You can either use the command-line interface commands or the desktop file manager to create the desired file. Consider this tutorial for creating files using various methods. Before creating a file, ensure that you have the required access to create the file in the parent directory; otherwise, you will get the permission denied error on the screen. For checking the files that are available within the directory, use the “ls” command. We will learn about various commands for creating files. # ⚓ How_to_Change_Debian_Desktop_Environment⠀⇛ In Linux, a desktop environment refers to the bundle of components that provide the common graphical user interface (GUI) components on the screen, such as icons, wallpapers, toolbars, widgets, etc. Thanks to the desktop environment, it’s possible to use Linux with your mouse and keyboard like any other graphical operating system. There are numerous desktop environments available on Debian, each with its own perks and features. Interested in switching to a new desktop environment? In this guide, we’ll explore how to install and change the desktop environment on Debian. # ⚓ How_to_Configure_DNS_Server_on_Debian⠀⇛ DNS or Domain Name System is the system that translates the name of a domain into its corresponding IP address. For instance, when you type www.example.com in your browser, it maps to a particular web server’s IP address on the internet. This makes it easy for people to remember servers, applications, or any other devices connected to the internet without having to memorize their IP addresses. DNS is a hierarchical distributed database system. It has a tree-like structure with nodes that are arranged in layers called domains. Each domain points to the node of some level lower than itself. In DNS, these domains are defined as subdomains, and each one resides on its own DNS server, either Master DNS or Primary DNS, which contains the records for all the IP addresses and hostnames within its domain zone. There can be multiple Secondary DNS servers that contain an up-to-date copy of the information contained in their corresponding Master DNS servers. In addition to resolving queries using this mirrored data, secondary DNS servers also provide fault tolerance in case the primary master goes down by answering queries themselves while waiting for answers from the primary master. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Kali_Linux_In_VMware_Workstation_Pro_16⠀⇛ Kali Linux is a Debian-based operating system specially made for penetration testing. Kali Linux has all the required penetration testing tools installed by default. Even if something is not installed by default, it should be available in the official package repository of Kali Linux, and you should be able to install it easily from there. Kali Linux is any penetration tester’s best friend. To learn and do penetration testing, you may want to run Kali Linux as a virtual machine. This way, you can do everything in an isolated environment, take snapshots of your virtual machine and get back to an earlier state if anything goes wrong within a few seconds. It will give you a lot of flexibility that you will not get if you run it directly on your computer. # ⚓ How_to_use_the_IP_command_in_Ubuntu⠀⇛ IP (Internet Protocol) acts as a unique identifier address over the network. This unique identifier helps to send information among different devices on the network. Internet services also work based on IP and differentiate between several devices such as routers, computers, etc. IP addresses consist of four separated integer strings, the range of each string may vary from 0 to 255 (0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255). IP commands in Ubuntu can be used for several purposes within a network, such as to assign, delete, set up an address, or configure parameters for network interfaces. One can say that it is an alternative to the ifconfig command of Ubuntu, but it is quite useful and commonly used nowadays because the ifconfig command has not been maintained for so long and, therefore, has been deprecated. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Laravel_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Laravel on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Laravel is an open-source PHP web framework, designed for the faster development of web applications. It is based on the Symfony framework. Laravel makes it easier to perform some common tasks such as authentication, routing, sessions and caching. It has several useful features including, Artisan, Object-relational mapping, Template Engine, and many more. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Laravel web framework on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Install_The_Lounge_IRC_Client_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ The Lounge is a web-based IRC client written in Node.js and can be installed and then accessed from any modern browser for a native-like experience without having a dedicated application installed. # ⚓ How_to_Install_MariaDB_10.6_on_Ubuntu_20.04_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ MariaDB is one of the most popular open-source databases next to its originator MySQL. The original creators of MySQL developed MariaDB in response to fears that MySQL would suddenly become a paid service due to Oracle acquiring it in 2010. With its history of doing similar tactics, the developers behind MariaDB have promised to keep it open source and free from such fears as what has happened to MySQL. MariaDB has become just as popular as MySQL with developers, with features such as advanced clustering with Galera Cluster 4, faster cache/ indexes, storage engines, and features/extensions that you won’t find in MySQL. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install MariaDB 10.6 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. # ⚓ How_to_Backup_WordPress_Database_via_phpMyAdmin⠀⇛ As a WordPress site admin, you have no choice but to adhere to the number one rule for successful website administration; always create regular data backups for your site. This rule should never be taken as a consideration but as a mandate. # ⚓ How_to_upgrade_OpenSUSE_15.2_to_15.3_using_the_CLI_– nixCraft⠀⇛ The most advanced OpenSUSE version is 15.3 and is an opportunity for both desktop and server users on the previous 15.2 release to update OpenSUSE Linux to get the newest software stack. It is easy to follow the procedure to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3. In this tutorial, we will explain how to upgrade OpenSUSE 15.2 to 15.3. # ⚓ Create_event-based_serverless_functions_with_Python_|_Red Hat_Developer⠀⇛ In my previous article, I introduced the Red Hat OpenShift Serverless Functions Operator for creating serverless functions and led you through building and deploying an HTTP function written in Python. We ended up with a basic service that simply returned a “Hello world”-type string. In this article, we’ll take it up a notch by developing a Python-based serverless function that sends an email in response to a CloudEvent. This is a very real-world type of application for serverless functions and Functions as a Service (FaaS). # ⚓ Find_files_and_directories_on_Linux_with_the_find_command_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ Regardless of how organized I resolve to be, it seems there are always times when I just can’t locate a file. Sometimes it’s because I can’t remember the name of the file in the first place. Other times, I know the name, but I can’t recall where I decided to save it. There are even times when I need a file that I didn’t create in the first place. No matter what the quandary, though, I know that on a POSIX system, I always have the find command. # ⚓ What_are_Bash_Environment_Variables⠀⇛ In computing, variable is a term that can be used to assign it any value or to use the variable dynamically in accomplishing the specific task. For instance, programmers declare variables by any symbol (alphabetical letters mostly) and can be used to act as a different value in several programs. Our operating systems have a list of variables that are used to manipulate the programs or processes in a computer and are known as environment variables. These variables reside in every kind of OS and can be handled (create, edit, delete,) as like other variables in a PC. Like other operating systems, Linux also has environment variables, and these variables are used in several scripts and programs within the Linux environment. Contrary to these environment variables, a variable type named as shell variables also exists in Linux, but they are active in the current instance of the shell, once the shell environment is terminated the shell variable is also washed out. In this guide, we will briefly explain the bash environment variables: Before a deep insight let’s go through the basics of environment variables: # ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Use_ClamAV_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ ClamAV is an open-source and free antivirus software toolkit able to detect many types of malicious software, including viruses, trojans, malware, adware, rootkits, and other malicious threats. One of its main uses of ClamAV is on mail servers as a server-side email virus scanner or used on file hosting servers to periodically scan to make sure files are clean, especially if the public can upload to the server. ClamAV supports multiple file formats (documents, executables, or archives), utilizes multi-thread scanner features, and receives updates for its signature database daily to sometimes multiple times per day for the latest protection. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install and use ClamAV on AlmaLinux 8. # ⚓ Sleeping_and_waiting_on_Linux_|_Network_World⠀⇛ The Linux sleep and wait commands allow you to run commands at a chosen pace or capture and display the exit status of a task after waiting for it to finish. Sleep simply inserts a timed pause between commands. Wait, on the other hand, waits until a process completes before notifying you that it has finished. # ⚓ Can_Prometheus_Monitor_Network_Devices⠀⇛ Most of the network devices support the SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) protocol. You can use the Prometheus snmp_exporter to monitor SNMP-supported network devices with Prometheus and Grafana. In this article, I will show you how to monitor the network of a home router (TP-Link Archer C5 V4) with Prometheus and Grafana. So, let’s get started. # ⚓ SSH_Authorized_Keys_Example_Usage⠀⇛ SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol used to remotely and safely (encrypted) access systems. The SSH server runs on the remote machine, and the SSH client on your working machine. Communication between client and server is typical via the command line. Now, there are several ways of authenticating the connection – password authentication, public/private key-based authentication (using the authorized_key file), and host-based authentication (using the known_host file). # ⚓ Create_a_New_DataFrame_From_an_Existing_DataFrame_in Pandas?⠀⇛ Sometimes, we need to copy the existing DataFrame with data and indices. However, copying the whole DataFrame is also another way for there to be a direct relationship created between the old DataFrame and the new DataFrame. If we make any changes in the old DataFrame, it will also affect the new DataFrame or vice-versa. In this article, we are going to see pandas.DataFrame.copy () method, which is used for copy () dataframe. If we want to create a new DataFrame from an existing DataFrame, then we can use the copy ()method. So, in this article, we are going to see how we can use the Pandas DataFrame.copy() method to create another DataFrame from an existing DataFrame. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Stellaris_to_get_the_free_3.1_‘Lem’_update_on_September_14 |_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Paradox Interactive announced today that the free 3.1 Lem update for Stellaris is going to release on September 14. The update is celebrating sci-fi author Stanisław Lem, who was born 100 years ago this month. It’s also the first update released as part of Paradox’s Custodian Team who are now responsible for all free updates to Stellaris going forwards. # ⚓ Brutal_Orchestra_has_a_fantastic_trailer,_plus_the_game sounds_both_brutal_and_intriguing_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Coming from the same designer behind Swallow the Sea and Perfect Vermin, two fantastically weird games we have their biggest yet with Brutal Orchestra and it’s a little on the dark side once again. # ⚓ The_short_and_somewhat_disturbing_Swallow_the_Sea_is_now_on Steam_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Short on time and want to play a game? Swallow the Sea is a good choice and it’s free so you’ve got nothing to lose for trying to except perhaps a little of your sanity. We briefly covered it back in 2020 when it was only available on itch.io but now it’s also on Steam. You’re in for quite a ride on this one. It only lasts about 10-15 minutes but it’s wild and the design plus the sound work is absolutely brilliant. # ⚓ Blasphemous:_Wounds_of_Eventide_free_update_arrives_in December,_sequel_announced_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Ready for more brutal action? There’s some free content on the way for Blasphemous with the Blasphemous: Wounds of Eventide free update arriving on December 9 and a sequel was announced too. From what we’ve been told Wounds of Eventide will properly conclude “The Penitent One’s first journey and unlocks the game’s true ending”. As for the sequel it’s still in the early stages of production but it will be a “direct” follow-up to the multi- award winning action platformer that was funded via Kickstarter. # ⚓ Humble_has_a_new_Team_17_Greatest_Hits_Bundle_up_with_lots of_good_picks_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ If you need a fresh set of games for the weekend here’s your latest chance. Plenty of quality games included in the new Team 17 Greatest Hits Bundle. [...] Don’t forget there’s also a new Humble Choice set of games for September too. There’s also the Humble Humongous Back To School Bundle with tons of family/young children games. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu’s_Yaru_Theme_Now_Officially_Supports_Xfce⠀⇛ Back when Ubuntu 20.04 was released, the Ubuntu team stunned everyone with the new Yaru theme’s beautiful visuals and simplicity. It keeps on getting better with each Ubuntu release. It has become the symbolism of Ubuntu now. However, the Yaru theme was not well supported for other desktop environments like Xfce. Fortunately, this is set to change with a recent pull request on the project’s GitHub page. Here, we will be looking at this change, as well as how to try out these changes for yourself. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_41_Release_Candidate_Is_Out_with_Last_Minute Bug_Fixes_and_Improvements⠀⇛ GNOME 41 is the next major release of the acclaimed desktop environment for GNU/Linux distributions, and it promises many new features, updated and new apps, as well as numerous improvements and bug fixes. The Release Candidate (RC) milestone comes hot on the heels of the beta release announced at the end of August, and fixes a bug in the new Calls app that prevented SIP from working when using multiple network interfaces and adds last minute touches around SIP account management and its UI. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Everything_you_need_to_know_about_the_ArcoLinux_Desktop Trasher⠀⇛ The ArcoLinux Desktop Trasher is created to give you the possibility to remove any desktop from your system. The ArcoLinux Tweak Tool will install it. The ArcoLinux Desktop Trasher will remove it. We added a switch not to touch your .config folder. That is activated by default. # ⚓ My_long-lived_personal_Linux_installs⠀⇛ I keep doing in-place upgrades rather than reinstalls not out of any principle but because it’s the much easier way, at least at any given moment in time. If I upgrade in place I don’t have to redo my customizations, remember all of the extra packages I’ve installed that I care about, slog through the Fedora install process, or worry about making sure my own data is untouched through the entire reinstall. People who were more organized would keep careful track of all of their customizations (perhaps in an automated system) and their important additional packages, and keep all of their own data on separate disks that can be entirely disconnected during a reinstall. These people would avoid my problems with layers and layers of what can politely be called historical artifacts on my systems (including historical packages), and would never have gotten into my Fedora 8 situation in the first place. # ⚓ Review_of_ElementaryOS_6_(Odin)⠀⇛ ElementaryOS is a linux distribution based on Ubuntu that also ship with a in-house developed desktop environment Pantheon and ecosystem apps. Since their 6th release named Odin, the development team made a bold choice of proposing software through the Flatpak package manager. I’ve been using this linux distribution on my powerful netbook (4 cores atom, 4 GB of memory) for some weeks, trying not to use the terminal and now this is my review. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ 8_Linux_virsh_subcommands_for_managing_VMs_on_the command_line_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ The virtual shell, or virsh, is a flexible command-line utility for managing virtual machines (VMs) controlled by libvirt, which is a toolkit and API to manage virtualization platforms. It’s the default management tool for Linux kernel-based virtual machines (KVMs), and it also supports Xen, VMware, and other platforms. The virsh command allows you to manage VMs interactively or in batch. It’s also helpful for controlling VMs from the Linux shell and integrates with scripts or automation tools. By using virsh, you can quickly connect to a server using secure shell (SSH) and perform operations on your VMs without access to a graphical interface. When you run virsh without any options, it tries to connect to a local hypervisor. For Linux, the default connection points to a local QEMU system to manage local KVM machines. You can also connect to a remote hypervisor by using the option -c or –connect and specifying the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the remote hypervisor using libvirt’s syntax. For more information, consult libvirt’s URI specification. By default, virsh provides hundreds of subcommands and options that allow you to manage every aspect of your virtualization platform or VMs. In this article, I’ll share the eight virsh subcommands I use most often. Due to the nature of daily work, most of these subcommands apply directly to VMs (or domains in libvirt terminology) but virsh also has commands to manage the platform itself, such as adding storage pools, networks, and more. # ⚓ Change_management:_3_strategies_for_staying_power_| The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ I once led a design organization where the relationships between colleagues were strong, politics were minimal, and the work was interesting and plentiful. But there was a problem: Everyone was so consumed with their own projects that they did not take the time to benefit from each other’s expertise and perspective. Everyone agreed that they needed a way to share work with one another. One of our senior team members proposed a solution that sounded promising: We would dedicate a wall in the workspace as a sharing space where people could post their work and others could comment freely. Everyone agreed it was a good idea. The champion of the idea even set it up and showed everyone how to use it. We had a solution with both buy-in and communication. Perfect, right? You’ve probably already guessed the answer. The first week, one person took the step of posting their work. A couple of people commented on it, and they were congratulated for opening collaboration. By the second week, though, the wall was empty. By the third, it was covered in comic strips and ironic notes. # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Contribute_at_the_Fedora_Linux 35_Test_Week_for_Kernel_5.14⠀⇛ The kernel team is working on final integration for kernel 5.6. This version was just recently released, and will arrive soon in Fedora. As a result, the Fedora kernel and QA teams have organized a test week from Sunday, Sept 12, 2021 through Sunday, Sept 19, 2021. Refer to the wiki page for links to the test images you’ll need to participate. Read below for details. # ⚓ Hey_Linux_user,_let’s_talk_about_Fedora_35_and_GNOME 41_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ Fedora is one of the best known and most popular Linux distributions. This Fedora distro is developed by the community and has the support of the Red Hat company, which guarantees us excellent support and that we will always be up-to-date in terms of updates and patches. Although Fedora 35 default desktop is GNOME 41, we can find flavors with other preconfigured desktops thanks to its Spins. Like any other system, this distro is constantly evolving, adding new functions and features. And, as part of this evolution, today we can know what the new Fedora 35 will be like. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Another_Batch_of_Important_Linux_Kernel_Security Updates_Arrives_for_Ubuntu_Users,_Patch_Now⠀⇛ The new Linux kernel security update comes one and a half months after the previous update and it’s available for the Ubuntu 21.04 (Hirsute Hippo), Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa), and Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) operating system series. Patched in these kernel updates are several security vulnerabilities affecting the KVM hypervisor for AMD processors on all Ubuntu releases. These include CVE-2021-3656 and CVE-2021-3653, both flaws allowing an attacker in a guest virtual machine to read or write to portions of the host’s physical memory, as well as CVE-2021-22543, a use- after-free vulnerability that could allow an attacker who could start and control a virtual machine to expose sensitive information or execute arbitrary code. These issues were discovered and reported by Maxim Levitsky and Paolo Bonzini. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Zippy_the_Raspberry_Pi_Zero-powered_mini_Mars_Rover⠀⇛ # ⚓ Monitoring_my_home’s_air_quality_(CO2,_PM2.5,_Temp/ Humidity)_with_AirGradient’s_DIY_sensor⠀⇛ The sensor package and board layout aren’t perfect; the temperature and humidity sensor, in particular, is always a few degrees (F) higher than other known-working thermometers display. And the SenseAir S8 takes a couple weeks before its self-calibration routine finishes—until that’s done, CO2 levels will likely show as being at least 200 ppm higher than they actually are. But after a few weeks, and after adding in a manual temperature adjustment to compensate for that sensor’s inaccuracy, the AirGradient has been a very stable and helpful addition to my home environment monitoring. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 10_Best_English_Grammar_Learning_Apps_That_Will Improve_Your_English⠀⇛ # ⚓ 4_Climbing_Apps_for_Android_All_New_Climbers_Should Check_Out⠀⇛ # ⚓ IFFalcon_K72_55-Inch_4K_QLED_Smart_TV_With_Android_11 TV,_HDR10,_Dolby_Atmos_Launched_In_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Technicolor_supplies_Android_TV_set-tops_to_Italy’s TIM⠀⇛ # ⚓ ReelTime_TV_Now_Live_on_Android_TV_to_80_Million Monthly⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_pair_Bluetooth_headphones_with_your_Android_TV or_Google_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_reset_an_Android_phone_—_get_your_phone_back to_factory_settings_|_Laptop_Mag⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_latest_to_offer_three_years_of_Android updates,_but_there’s_a_catch_|_Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_Pad,_Company’s_First_Android_Tablet_Launched in_India:_Price,_Specs_&_More⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vivo’s_new_top-spec_Android_phone_is_here_–_but_you might_as_well_ignore_it_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Faces_EU_Investigation_Over_Voice_Assistant_on Android:_Report⠀⇛ # ⚓ BladeHawk_Attackers_Target_Kurds_with_Android_Apps_| Threatpost⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Nearby_Share_lets_devices_be_visible_to ‘Everyone’_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12’s_last_beta_brings_a_few_makeovers_and_new widgets_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Itel_Vision_2s_with_5,000mAh_battery,_Android_11_Go Edition_launched_in_India:_price,_specifications_– Pricebaba.com_Daily⠀⇛ # ⚓ $150_Qualcomm_Snapdragon_450_mini_PC_runs_Android_10 –_CNX_Software⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_to_BLOCK_Gmail,_Google_Maps_and_YouTube_on some_Android_phones_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Lenovo_Tab_P12_Pro_is_the_newest_high-end_Android tablet_in_town_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Speed_Up_Your_Old_Android_Phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_5_Free_Android_Apps_You_Must_Try_in_September_| NDTV_Gadgets_360⠀⇛ # ⚓ MG_Astor_to_come_equipped_with_Apple_CarPlay_and Android_Auto_as_standard_–_CarWale⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_steps_up_to_match_Samsung’s_excellent commitment_to_Android_updates⠀⇛ # ⚓ Huawei_teases_upcoming_laptops,_will_feature_support for_Android_apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ Technicolor_Android_TV_STBs_for_TIM_|⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Defining_an_Inkscape_Contributor⠀⇛ When Inkscape was started, it was a loose coalition of folks that met on the Internet. We weren’t really focused on things like governance, the governance was mostly who was an admin on SourceForge (it was better back then). We got some donated server time for a website and we had a few monetary donations that Bryce handled mostly with his personal banking. Probably one of our most valuable assets, our domain, was registered to and paid for by Mentalguy himself. Realizing that wasn’t going to last forever we started to look into ways to become a legal entity as well as a great graphics program. We decided to join the (then much smaller) Software Freedom Conservancy which has allowed us to take donations as a non-profit and connected us to legal and other services to ensure that all the details are taken care of behind the scenes. As part of joining The Conservancy we setup a project charter, and we needed some governance to go along with that. This is where we officially established what we call “The Inkscape Board” and The Conservancy calls the Project Leadership Committee. We needed a way to elect that board, for which we turned to the AUTHORS file in the Inkscape source code repository. Today it is clear that the AUTHORS file doesn’t represent all the contributors to Inkscape. It hasn’t for a long time and realistically didn’t when we established it. But it was easy. What makes Inkscape great isn’t that it is a bunch of programmers in the corner doing programmer stuff, but that it is a collaboration between people with a variety of skill sets bringing those perspectives together to make something they couldn’t build themselves. Who got left out? We chose a method that had a vocational bias, it preferred people who are inclined to and enjoy computer programming. As a result translators, designers, technical writers, article authors, moderators, and others were left out of our governance. And because of societal trends we picked up both a racial and gender bias in our governance. Our board has never been anything other than a group of white men. We are now taking specific actions to correct this in the Inkscape charter and starting to officially recognize the contributions that have been slighted by this oversight. # ⚓ A_guide_to_simplifying_invoicing_with_this_open_source tool⠀⇛ Many IT projects are late, over budget, and subject to dramatic changes during development. This makes invoicing for them one of the most taxing activities in IT. It’s stressful—it involves dealing with ambiguities, conflicting interests, and human error. Worse, every single decision made during the project affects how much you can bill for. When a sales guy brags—incorrectly—that your software “includes this feature,” you can’t invoice for the time to build it. When a support guy admits something is a bug rather than an imprecise spec, you won’t be able to charge money for it. This tutorial explains a methodology and a tool to streamline this process. Together, they help reduce frustration, improve customer relationships, and achieve a higher percentage of billable hours. The tool is free, open source, and can be applied to a wide range of organizations—from a self-employed IT guy to a multimillion-dollar software business. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Alternative_Linux_Browsers_for_Linux⠀⇛ Browsing the Internet is the most common use of computers these days. The Internet has become a part of our daily lives, and imagining a life without it does seem difficult. To browse the Internet, there are specially designed applications called “web browsers”. There are several web browsers such as Opera, Chrome, Firefox, etc., available. And, as is the case with all technology, some are better than others. For Linux Distros, Mozilla Firefox is built- in and available for use on installing the OS. Mozilla Firefox is considered to be an excellent web browser, and most users are satisfied with it. However, options are available for users who want to use or prefer using another web browser rather than Firefox. Consider Google Chrome, the outright most used web browser in the world. Being affiliated with Google makes Chrome an attractive and easy-to-use browser. Add to it the various plug-ins and add-ons; it does become the superior choice. In the case of Opera, some users prefer using it over others. Opera is also a user-friendly and easy-to-use web browser. Recently, Opera has introduced a VPN feature which has helped its prospects even further. So, if you are looking to find an alternative web browser for your Linux system, you have come to the right place as this article will be explaining the steps to install different web browsers and which browser is the best choice. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ New_Release:_Tor_Browser_10.5.6_(Windows, macOS,_Linux)⠀⇛ Tor Browser 10.5.6 is now available from the Tor Browser download page and also from our distribution directory. This version updates Firefox to 78.14.0esr. This version includes important security updates to Firefox. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Postgres_REPL⠀⇛ R0ml Lefkowitz’s The Image of Postgres evokes the Smalltalk experience: reach deeply into a running system, make small changes, see immediate results. There isn’t yet a fullblown IDE for the style of Postgres-based development I describe in this series, though I can envision a VSCode extension that would provide one. But there is certainly a REPL (read-eval-print loop), it’s called psql, and it delivers the kind of immediacy that all REPLs do. In our case there’s also Metabase; it offers a complementary REPL that enhances its power as a lightweight app server. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Announcement_of_LibreOffice_7.1.6_Community⠀⇛ LibreOffice 7.1.6 Community, the sixth minor release of the LibreOffice 7.1 family, targeted to desktop productivity, is available for download from https:// www.libreoffice.org/download/. End user support is provided by volunteers via email and online resources: https:// www.libreoffice.org/get-help/community- support/. On the website and the wiki there are guides, manuals, tutorials and HowTos. Donations help us to make all of these resources available. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.1.6_Community_Office_Suite_Released with_44_Bug_Fixes,_Download_Now⠀⇛ Coming almost two months after LibreOffice 7.1.5, the LibreOffice 7.1.6 update is here to fix more bugs across all core components of the open-source software suite used by millions of users worldwide on GNU/Linux, macOS, and Windows platforms. A total of 44 bugs were squashed, according to the changelogs from RC1 and RC2. LibreOffice 7.2 is already here as the next major release of the popular and free office suite, but you are probably still using the LibreOffice 7.1 series on your GNU/Linux distribution, so I suggest you keep an eye on the stable software repositories for the 7.1.6 release and update as soon as it’s available. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ 3_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_CoffeeScript_Static_Site Generators⠀⇛ LinuxLinks, like most modern websites, is dynamic in that content is stored in a database and converted into presentation- ready HTML when readers access the site. While we employ built-in server caching which creates static versions of the site, we don’t generate a full, static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. However, sometimes a full, static HTML website is desirable. Because HTML pages are all prebuilt, they load extremely quickly in web browsers. There are lots of other advantages of running a full, static HTML website. Here’s some of the main ones… # ⚓ WordPress_5.8.1_Security_and_Maintenance_Release⠀⇛ This security and maintenance release features 60 bug fixes in addition to 3 security fixes. Because this is a security release, it is recommended that you update your sites immediately. All versions since WordPress 5.4 have also been updated. WordPress 5.8.1 is a short-cycle security and maintenance release. The next major release will be version 5.9. You can download WordPress 5.8.1 by downloading from WordPress.org, or visit your Dashboard → Updates and click Update Now. If you have sites that support automatic background updates, they’ve already started the update process. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ Emacs_discusses_web-based_development workflows⠀⇛ Discussions on ways to “modernize” the Emacs editor have come up in various guises over the past few years. Changes of that nature tend to be somewhat contentious in the Emacs community, pitting the “old guard” that values the existing features (and keybindings) against those who argue for changes to make Emacs more approachable (and aesthetically pleasing) to newcomers. Those discussions tend toward mega- thread status, so it should be no surprise that a query about possibly moving Emacs development to a “forge” (e.g. GitHub or GitLab) got similar treatment. As always in Emacs-land, there are multiple facets to the discussion, including the desirability of moving away from an email-based workflow, accommodating younger, forge- centric developers without forcing existing developers into that model, and—naturally—licensing. As a newcomer to the emacs-devel mailing list, Daniel Fleischer may not have expected the voluminous response he got to an August 26 post asking about the status of a “move to a new VC [version control] system, e.g. Gitlab”. The somewhat provocative subject of the email, “Gitlab Migration”, probably helped draw eyes (and responses) as well. There are no current plans to make a migration of that sort, of course, and a two-year-old feature request at GitLab shows a “pretty daunting” level of work needed, Dmitry Gutov said. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Joy_Of_Limitations:_Writing_an_ARexx_REPL_in ARexx⠀⇛ I like limited computers. Of course all computers are limited in some sense: there’s finite amounts of memory, disk space and screen real estate on all machines. When I’m talking limited, I usually mean home computers made during the 1990s and 1980s, machines that are now far surpassed by even the cheapest system on a chip. There are several reasons for this. One is familiarity: they’re the type of machines I started my computing career on. Having used them and the software they run for three decades means that sitting down in front of one feels like coming home. Another one is scale: simpler machines are, well, simpler. When resources are scarce, there’s less room for overengineered bloat, telemetry collection, “trusted computing” and other frivolities. More importantly, simple things are easier to understand, learn and remember. # ⚓ Porting_NU-Prolog_(c._1995)_from_BSD_Unix_to_modern Linux⠀⇛ NU-Prolog is a Prolog variant designed by the members of the Machine Intelligence Project at the University of Melbourne, released circa 1986, with a version 1.6.9 released circa 1995. Recently, I sought to port some software written in NU-Prolog (written by one of its creators, Lee Naish). Due to NU-Prolog’s unique features, not found in contemporary free Prolog implementations such as GNU Prolog or SWI-Prolog, this pointed to porting NU-Prolog to modern systems as the easiest approach. # ⚓ C++_Programming_examples⠀⇛ C++ is one of the popular programming languages to develop different types of applications. The application developed by this language is portable, which means the C++ application developed in Windows operating can be executed in Linux operating system without any change. It supports both structured and object-oriented programming. This tutorial has designed for those learners who are new users of C++ programming and want to learn from the basics. 40 C++ easy examples have been shown in these tutorials. # ⚓ Can_You_Make_a_Vector_of_Vectors_in_C++?⠀⇛ Yes! Yes, you can make a vector of vectors in C++. The normal vector is a one-dimensional list data structure. A vector of vectors is a two-dimensional list data structure, from two normal vectors. A 2-dimensional list is a table, without a proper header row and without a proper header column. A vector of vectors is one vector nesting other vectors. The template argument for the outer vector, is a vector. And so, a vector of vectors can only be of one type, e.g., all integers or all characters. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Python_Is_Integer⠀⇛ This notebook explains how to check in Python if a number is a integer. There are multiple ways to check for integer in Python 2 and Python 3. # ⚓ Cooperative_package_management_for_Python_ [LWN.net]⠀⇛ A longstanding tug-of-war between system package managers and Python’s own installation mechanisms (primarily pip, but there are others) looks on its way to being resolved—or at least regularized. PEP 668 (“Graceful cooperation between external and Python package managers”) has been created to provide ways for the two types of package installation to work together, rather than at cross-purposes at times. Since many operating systems depend on Python tools, with package versions that may differ from those of users’ Python applications, making them play together nicely should result in more stable systems. The root cause of the problem is that distribution package managers and Python package managers (“pip” is shorthand to refer to those throughout the rest of the article) often share the same “site‑packages” directory for storing installed packages. Updating a package, or, worse yet, removing one, may make perfect sense in the context of the specific package manager, but completely foul up the other. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_407⠀⇛ # § Java and JavaScript⠀➾ # ⚓ How_the_JVM_uses_and_allocates_memory_|_Red_Hat Developer⠀⇛ This is the second article in a series that explains garbage collection in Java and how to tweak it for optimal Java application performance. The previous article introduced the stages and levels of garbage collection (including generational garbage collection) and showed how to check garbage collection behavior in your applications. This article goes into more depth about memory use in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and how to control it. # ⚓ Break_and_Continue_statements_in_JavaScript⠀⇛ Do you ever feel stuck at some point in life where you just want to get rid of a moment or an instance? When you just want to skip some moments and then go with the flow? That might not be possible in real life but it’s possible in programming languages like JavaScript by using break and continue statements. These statements are known as Loop Control Statements; We are going to explain the break as well as continue statements in this article. We will make sure that everything about both of the concepts is delivered properly and in a precise way. # ⚓ JavaScript_Event_Handlers⠀⇛ In JavaScript, an event is an action that occurs on a webpage inside the browser. This action can be typing in a field, clicking a button, or loading a page. The actions can either be initiated by the browser or the user; when any action occurs on a web page the browser notifies the system that an event has occurred. Developers can then respond to these events by writing functions that are known as event handlers.Event handlers are functions that listen for a specific type of event and when that event occurs they execute a block of code. # ⚓ Data_Types_in_JavaScript?_–_Explained_for Beginners⠀⇛ Every value is always distinct from each other, which categorizes them into various types. This categorization of various data is called Data Type. The reason for categorizing the data is to ensure how the data is being used within the program. Like any other programming language, JavaScript also consists of various data types. Data Type is dynamic in JavaScript, which means a single value can be stored in various ways. # ⚓ How_to_write_Comments_in_JavaScript_code⠀⇛ Comments are notes that a programmer leaves in their code to make it more understandable. Most senior devs focus on writing code which is efficient and can be easily read and interpreted by computers. However it is of equal importance to make the code easily readable for the people (who will be working with the code in future) as well. A programmer must know how to properly structure code to make it more understandable for humans. # ⚓ How_to_read_and_write_text_into_a_file_using JavaScript?⠀⇛ In this article, we are going to talk about how to read or write text to a file in JavaScript. If you are a JavaScript developer you know that one cannot save a file locally as it can create massive security problems. Another method would be saving the file on our server. For this, we have to pass all the text data in our file to our server. After this, we have to use the server-related server-side language due to which we will be able to execute the written code in the file. Apart from this, we can also store the file on the client-side. An example would be using cookies to store the information. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ I_Wanna_Be_As_Human_as_Possible…⠀⇛ o ⚓ What_Do_You_Think_This_Is,_Earth_Prime?⠀⇛ o ⚓ Deserters_Make_Good_Ancestors:_Reflections_on_Robert_E._Lee_and Virgil_Marion_St._Clair⠀⇛ Unlike Lee, Virgil Marion St. Clair wasn’t rich. Unlike Lee, Virgil wasn’t a slave owner. He lived in the Appalachian mountains, grinding out a hard living as a yeoman farmer. After secession, he volunteered, expecting to serve one year under George Patton’s grandfather. He fought in the battle of the law books in Kanawha (what they called and should have named West Virginia). Got wounded. Served as a nurse, like Walt Whitman, and later named his kids after poets, as his father had named him. o ⚓ Ford_poaches_top_tech_executive_Doug_Field_who_helped_lead Apple’s_top-secret_car_project⠀⇛ Ford Motor said Tuesday it hired former Tesla and Apple executive Doug Field to lead its emerging technology efforts, a key focus for the automaker under its new Ford+ turnaround plan. Field — who led development of Tesla’s Model 3 —most recently served as vice president of special projects at Apple, which reportedly included the tech giant’s Titan car project. o ⚓ Linode_to_triple_data_centre_capacity_in_India_to_support_growth in_Asia⠀⇛ The company expects a 200 per cent increase in capacity at Mumbai facilities, which will sustain its momentum around customer acquisition and new service launches through 2023. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Some_Anti-Maskers_Present_a_Real_Threat_of_Violence⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Medicare_Advantage_Is_a_For-Profit_Scam._Time_to End_It.⠀⇛ Over 100 Democratic lawmakers last week introduced legislation to lower the Medicare eligibility age to 60. There is one small problem that needs fixing, though: so-called “Medicare Advantage.” # ⚓ Unvaxxed_Quarterback_Carson_Wentz_Wants_Your_Trust⠀⇛ “Trust me.” That’s what 28-year-old Indianapolis Colts quarterback Carson Wentz kept saying, over and over, in his press conference last week. “Trust me.” He said it so often, one wondered if there was a used car for sale somewhere behind the podium. # ⚓ 13_Staff_at_a_Florida_School_District_Have_Died_of_COVID_in Just_3_Weeks⠀⇛ # ⚓ Will_COVID_Become_Australia’s_9/11?⠀⇛ Civil liberties in Australia are on the verge of extinction, thanks to the government’s response to the COVID crisis. What has been heralded as a triumph of science and quick responses has drifted towards something far more totalitarian that imposes its will on the country’s citizens, restricting them from living their lives, much less enjoying supposedly guaranteed liberties. # ⚓ Excess_Deaths⠀⇛ It is difficult to comprehend how abject a failure the pandemic response in countries such as the US and the UK has been. Fortunately, The Economist has developed a model estimating excess deaths since the start of the pandemic. Unfortunately, it appears to be behind their paywall. So I have taken the liberty of screen-grabbing a few example graphs. # ⚓ House_Dems_Urge_DOJ_to_Prosecute_‘Vigilantes’_Enforcing ‘Insidious’_Anti-Choice_Law_in_Texas⠀⇛ Following U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland’s pledge that the Justice Department would “explore all options” to challenge Texas’ recently enacted anti-choice law, two dozen House Democrats on Tuesday urged the DOJ to prosecute “would-be vigilantes” seeking to enforce the draconian statute. “This ban is a clear violation of a woman’s right to choose an abortion prior to fetal viability established nearly 50 years ago under Roe v. Wade.”—House Democrats’ letter # ⚓ New_Texas_Abortion_Law_Likely_To_Unleash_A_Torrent_Of Lawsuits_Against_Online_Education,_Advocacy_And_Other Speech⠀⇛ In addition to the drastic restrictions it places on a woman’s reproductive and medical care rights, the new Texas abortion law, SB8, will have devastating effects on online speech.  # ⚓ AOC_Skewers_Gov._Greg_Abbott_on_CNN_for_Saying_Texas_Will “Eliminate_Rape”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_This_Battle_for_Access_to_Abortion_Is_a_Fight_for Basic_Human_Rights_and_Dignity⠀⇛ Up the creaky wooden staircase, past the dried Indian corn, was where it was hung. It stuck out like a sore thumb, completely out of place. It was a thin barbed-wire hanger balanced on our antique doors—resting above the skeleton key and shocking our conservative neighbors. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Trump,_Texas,_and_the_MAGA_Drive_for_Power⠀⇛ Donald Trump dispensed with even the pretense of paying tribute to workers on Labor Day. Instead his three word Labor Day Statement, blasted out to his supporters everywhere via the right-wing media machine, was blunt about his political priorities: # ⚓ Texas_Is_the_New_Republican_Template⠀⇛ The Portland City Council will vote this week on an emergency resolution to bar city purchases of goods and services from Texas until the state overturns its draconian assault on abortion rights. Officials in the Oregon city are hoping the boycott spreads. “We urge other leaders and elected bodies around the nation to join us in condemning the actions of the Texas state government,” says Portland Mayor Ted Wheeler. # ⚓ Ocasio-Cortez_Slams_Texas_Governor’s_‘Disgusting’_Defense of_Abortion_Ban⠀⇛ Democratic Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez on Tuesday condemned Texas Gov. Greg Abbott’s latest defense of his state’s near-total ban on abortion as “disgusting” and said the Republican leader’s ignorance on matters of basic biology is actively harming people across the nation. Questioned by reporters earlier Tuesday, Abbott argued that there is no need for a rape or incest exception to the new ban because the law “provides at least six weeks for a person to be able to get an abortion”—a span of time that the governor characterized as sufficient for a person to discover they’re pregnant, make the decision to terminate the pregnancy, and actually obtain an abortion under increasingly difficult circumstances. # ⚓ Abortion_Bounty_Hunters_in_Texas_Are_Vigilantes_Not ‘Whistleblowers’⠀⇛ As a journalist and activist, I’ve worked with a range of genuine whistleblowers during the last several decades. Coming from diverse backgrounds, they ended up tangling with institutions ranging from the Pentagon and CIA to the National Security Agency and the Veterans Administration. Their personalities and outlooks varied greatly, but none of them were bullies. None of them wanted to threaten or harm powerless people in distress. On the contrary, the point of the whistleblowing was to hold powerful institutions accountable for violations of human rights. What the Texas vigilantes will be seeking to do is quite the opposite. The targets will be women who want abortions as well as their allies — people under duress — with pursuers seeing a bullseye on their backs. # ⚓ Abortion_Bounty_Hunters_in_Texas_Are_Not_‘Whistleblowers’: They’re_Cruel_Vigilantes⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Vivaldi_Replaces_Firefox_as_the_Default_Browser_on Manjaro_Linux_Cinnamon_–_It’s_FOSS_News⠀⇛ Vivaldi is one of the best web browsers available for Linux. For all the good reasons, many Linux users have been switching to Vivaldi, especially after Vivaldi 4.0 release. Now, to take it up a notch, Vivaldi has managed to replace Firefox as the default browser on Arch-based Manjaro Linux (Cinnamon edition). # ⚓ Manjaro_Linux_Cinnamon_switches_from_Firefox_to Vivaldi_for_default_web_browser⠀⇛ Vivaldi may not be the most popular web browser when compared to Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox, for instance, but it is used by millions of people to surf the web every day — that is still significant. Many of its users are privacy-focused and tech-savvy too. Best of all, the free Vivaldi web browser is available on all major desktop operating system platforms, including Windows, Mac, and Linux. Speaking of Linux, today, Vivaldi is making huge news in that community, and the folks over at Mozilla are not going to like it. You see, the developers of the Arch Linux-based Manjaro Cinnamon operating system have decided to ditch Firefox as the default web browser, instead opting for Vivaldi. Wow! “In our repos, Manjaro always provides the very latest version of Vivaldi, and thanks to direct developer contact we are now also able to include matching default themes for our editions To give Vivaldi more of the attention it deserves, I decided to include it as the default browser in our popular Cinnamon Community Edition. With its remarkable browsing speed, exceptional customizability, and especially the way it values user privacy, Vivaldi for me is a perfect match for Manjaro Linux,” says Bernhard Landauer, Co-CEO of Manjaro. # ⚓ Forget_Firefox,_Vivaldi_Steals_Default_Browser_Spot In_Popular_Linux_Distro⠀⇛ Arch-based Linux distribution Manjaro is no stranger to making bold decisions that may or may not ruffle the community’s collective feathers. In 2019 it disrupted the status quo by replacing LibreOffice with FreeOffice as the default office software (and then decided to give users a choice during OS installation). Today, Manjaro is orchestrating another upheaval: it’s replacing its default web browser. Firefox is out. Vivaldi is in. “In our repos, Manjaro always provides the very latest version of Vivaldi, and thanks to direct developer contact we are now also able to include matching default themes for our editions,” says Co-CEO of Manjaro GmbH & Co. KG, Bernhard Landauer. “To give Vivaldi more of the attention it deserves, I decided to include it as the default browser in our popular Cinnamon Community Edition. With its remarkable browsing speed, exceptional customizability, and especially the way it values user privacy, Vivaldi for me is a perfect match for Manjaro Linux.” # ⚓ Windows_11?_Another_wave_of_pollution_|_Stop_at_Zona- M⠀⇛ To add insult to injury, this explosion of e- waste happens, as they said on Reddit, “in the middle of a chip shortage”. Talk about corporate responsibility. More details where I made the screenshot, that is at “Windows 11 To Create e-Waste Mountain”. # ⚓ Why_does_Amazon_want_a_branded_TV?⠀⇛ Amazon.com reportedly plans to market its own branded TVs in the U.S., possibly as soon as October. Citing sources familiar with the matter, Business Insider said the TV will be designed and manufactured by China-based TCL, range between 55 to 75 inches and have Alexa built in. Amazon Devices and Lab126, the R&D team behind the Kindle and Fire TV Stick, are collaborating on the project that’s been covertly in development for nearly two years. # ⚓ Microsoft_warns_Azure_customers_of_flaw_that_could have_permitted_[crackers]_access_to_data⠀⇛ In an earlier interview, Palo Alto researcher Ariel Zelivansky told Reuters his team had been able to break out of Azure’s widely used system for so-called containers that store programs for users. # ⚓ Microsoft:_Attackers_Exploiting_Windows_Zero-Day Flaw⠀⇛ Microsoft Corp. warns that attackers are exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability in Windows 10 and many Windows Server versions to seize control over PCs when users open a malicious document or visit a booby- trapped website. There is currently no official patch for the flaw, but Microsoft has released recommendations for mitigating the threat. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Open_Source_Initiative_names_Stefano Maffulli_as_its_first_Executive_Director⠀⇛ Once upon a time, and it wasn’t that long ago, developers didn’t think about licenses. They assumed open-source licenses didn’t matter. Oh, how wrong they were as one open-source lawsuit after another has shown. Just ask Oracle about its Google lawsuit. But, the organization, which has overseen open-source licensing since the beginning, the Open Source Initiative (OSI), has long been an amateur effort. That’s changed. The OSI has finally named its first Executive Director, Stefano Maffulli. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSSL_3.0:_A_new_FIPS_module,_new_algorithms, support_for_Linux_Kernel_TLS,_and_more⠀⇛ OpenSSL contain an open-source implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols, which provide the ability to secure communications across networks. It is the default encryption engine for popular web, email and chat server software, VPNs, network appliances, and is used in many popular operating systems (MS WIndows, Linux, macOS, BSD, Android…) and client-side software. The vast extent of its use was revealed when the Heartbleed bug was discovered in it in 2014. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend_Micro_Detected_Nearly_13_Million Malware_Events_Targeting_Linux-based_Cloud Environments⠀⇛ # ⚓ Check_13_mn_malware_events_targeting Linux-based_Cloud:_Trend_Micro ⠀⇛ Trend Micro, a global cybersecurity leader, released a new research on the state of Linux security in the first half of 2021. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF_to_Council_of_Europe:_Cross_Border Police_Surveillance_Treaty_Must_Have Ironclad_Safeguards_to_Protect_Individual Rights_and_Users’_Data⠀⇛ A global cybercrime treaty is set to reshape how cross-border police investigations are conducted. The treaty, referred to by the inauspicious moniker “Second Additional Protocol to the Council of Europe’s Budapest Convention on Cybercrime,” grants law enforcement intrusive new powers while adopting few safeguards for privacy and human rights.  Many elements of the Protocol are a law enforcement wish list—hardly surprising given that its drafting was largely driven by prosecutorial and law enforcement interests with minimal input from external stakeholders such as civil society groups and independent privacy regulators. As a result, EFF, European Digital Rights, the Samuelson-Glushko Canadian Internet Policy & Public Interest Clinic, and other civil society organizations have called on the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), which is currently reviewing the Protocol, to amend the text before its final approval in the fall.  International law enforcement investigations are becoming increasingly routine, with policing forces seeking access to digital evidence stored by service providers around the globe. But in the absence of detailed and readily enforceable international human rights standards, law enforcement authorities around the world are left to decide for themselves the conditions under which they can demand access to personal information. As a result, the lowest common denominator in terms of privacy and other protections will often prevail in cross-border investigations. # ⚓ The_Catalog_of_Carceral_Surveillance_– Mobile_Correctional_Facility_Robots⠀⇛ Human guards, of course, have pesky needs like work breaks and food. They’re entitled to paychecks and sick days. They possess flaws that can lead to outbursts of violence, racism, and sexual harassment.  “The ratio of prisoners to prison guards is too high,” wrote prison telecommunications company Securus in a recent patent application, and “a substantial amount of the total funds available to correctional facilities is spent on guards, leaving little money left over to pay for programs to reduce recidivism.” Securus, a company notorious for overcharging inmates for phone calls, but like its major competitor Global Tel*Link, it has been diversifying its offerings in the years since federal efforts to rein in prison phone costs.   # ⚓ Restrictive_in_cyberspace⠀⇛ New German cybersecurity guidelines harbour even more surveillance and centralised powers # ⚓ The_Catalog_of_Carceral_Surveillance: Exploring_the_Future_of_Incarceration Technology⠀⇛ Securus and GTL have spent the last several years inventing new and improved ways to extract money from incarcerated people, violate human rights, and surveil not only prisoners but their families, and friends. Over the next two weeks we will be shedding light on some of the patents and technologies these companies have been working on, which either are already actively used or may soon be coming to prisons across the country. Our hope is that through this project we will expose some of the horrifying technologies that Securus and GTL are working on, exposing these ideas to the public and not allowing them to flourish in the obscurity of patent documents. # ⚓ CCTVs_in_Delhi:_Cause_for_concern_or celebration?_#SaveOurPrivacy⠀⇛ On August 26, 2021, a Forbes India report claimed Delhi to be the most surveilled city in the world. Worried about the possible privacy and welfare concerns of such a project, we wrote to the Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi, Arvind Kejriwal and the PWD Minister, Satyender Jain. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The_War_on_Terror_Is_Still_Alive_and_Well⠀⇛ Assailed for the chaotic withdrawal of US forces from Afghanistan, Joe Biden was unrepentant: “I was not going to extend this forever war.” And he promised, “This decision about Afghanistan is not just about Afghanistan. It’s about ending an era of major military operations to remake other countries.” # ⚓ Sápmi:_Resisting_Green_Colonialism⠀⇛ # ⚓ Cops_Killed_Marcus_Smith_3_Years_Ago,_Fueling_Outrage_Over Police_Hog-Tying⠀⇛ # ⚓ What_Ending_a_War_Could_Look_Like⠀⇛ Do you picture him blowing up families with missiles from robot airplanes, and committing to continuing those “strikes” while maintaining that such things don’t constitute continuing the war? Did you hope that if the wars for freedom ever ended we might get our freedoms back, our rights to demonstrate restored, the Patriot Act repealed, the local police rid of their tanks and war weapons, the landscaped stripped of all the cameras and metal detectors and bullet-proof glass that have grown up for two decades? # ⚓ The_Money_That_Never_Arrives_in_Cuba⠀⇛ On October 27, 2020, a week before the U.S. presidential elections took place on November 3, Trump issued his final sanction against the island. Trump included Cuban financial company Fincimex, Western Union’s main partner in the country, in the Cuban Restricted List. The pretext was that it belongs to the Cuban business corporation, Grupo de Administración Empresarial S.A. This measure cut off the channels for sending remittances to Cuba, and Pupo’s elderly parents have not been able to receive any help amid the pandemic as a result of this move. # ⚓ 9/11_and_My_Pariah_Decade⠀⇛ Plenty of stalwart defenders of liberty quickly found themselves banished from polite company.  At the time of the 9/11 attacks, I had been bashing government policies for 20 years. Conservatives relished my battering of the Clinton administration in books such as Feeling Your Pain (St. Martin’s, 2000). But past writing provided no indemnity for subsequent sins. Regardless, nothing happened on 9/11 to make the government more trustworthy. Two years after the 9/ 11 attacks, St. Martin’s Press published my  Terrorism and Tyranny: Trampling Freedom, Justice, and Peace to Rid the World of Evil, attacking the war on terror across the board.  I scoffed, “The Patriot Act treats every citizen like a suspected terrorist and every federal agent like a proven angel.”  When the Justice Department launched a Patriot Act propaganda website, http:// www.lifeandliberty.gov, it included an attack on my writing. As one book publicist told me, I was in “the untouchable part of the intellectual caste system.” Luckily, some outlets did not go to the Dark Side, including the Mises Institute, the Future of Freedom Foundation, and Antiwar.com. Counterpunch never flinched from debunking official BS from the start of the War on Terror. My first CounterPunch article, “The Reagan Roadmap for an Antiterrorism Disaster,” was published in October 2003. # ⚓ Opinion_|_We_Wasted_20_Years_Fighting_the_War_on_Terror Instead_of_Climate_Change⠀⇛ Twenty years into a nebulous “War on Terror,” the United States is in the grips of a full-fledged climate crisis. Hurricane Ida, whose severity is a direct result of human-made climate change, flooded cities, cut off power to hundreds of thousands, killed at least 60 people, and left elderly people dying in their homes and in squalid evacuation facilities. This followed a summer of heat waves, wildfires and droughts—all forms of extreme weather that the Global South has borne the brunt of, but are now, undeniably, the new “normal” in the United States. # ⚓ Noam_Chomsky:_The_US-Led_“War_on_Terror”_Has_Devastated Much_of_the_World⠀⇛ # ⚓ Taliban’s_New_Acting_Government_Filled_with_Hard-Liners,_No Women_Is_“Disappointing”_as_Protests_Grow⠀⇛ As the Taliban announces a new acting government in Kabul led by hard-liners from its previous stint in power and fight against U.S. occupation, Danish Afghan journalist Nagieb Khaja says the composition has been a “surprising outcome” as many observers expected the group to strike a more conciliatory tone. “It’s really been disappointing for the people who have been looking for a glimpse of hope,” Khaja says. This comes as protests grow nationwide, and aid organizations are warning of a looming humanitarian crisis. # ⚓ From_Vietnam_to_Afghanistan—and_Back:_An_Offering⠀⇛ When I was a child, my father used to buy me Mylar bags full of green and tan Army men. The green ones were the good guys, always fighting under the red- white-and-blue. The tan soldiers stood in for the enemy, fighting under foreign banners—Germany’s, Iraq’s, but most prominently in my memory, Vietnam’s. This taught me an important childhood lesson—that I was your enemy. I saw it in your Hollywood films, where Vietnamese stood in for an age-old “Yellow Peril”: as venal whores corrupting American youth, or as raped and murdered civilians reduced to set dressing, or invisible assailants waiting to take the only lives that seemed to matter—American ones.1 # ⚓ Gitmo’s_Forgotten_Ex-Detainees⠀⇛ One afternoon in July, flanked by about 10 protesters in orange jumpsuits, the lawyer Gary Thompson stood outside the cultural attaché office of the United Arab Emirates in Washington, D.C. Speaking into a microphone, he called on the UAE to stop its apparent plan to send his client, a former Guantánamo detainee, back to Russia, where he would likely be jailed and tortured. Four and a half years ago, the United States released Ravil Mingazov, a Russian national and a Muslim Tatar, and put him on a flight to the UAE, where he expected to start a new life. But when he touched down, he was immediately imprisoned in an undisclosed location along with 18 Yemeni and four Afghan detainees. Reporting for this story was supported by a fellowship from the Ira A. Lipman Center for Journalism and Civil and Human Rights at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism. # ⚓ CIA_Torture_Cover-Up_Still_Looms_Over_9/11_Trials_at Guantánamo⠀⇛ U.S. war crimes in the so-called War on Terror were back in the spotlight Tuesday as pretrial hearings for alleged 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and four co-defendants resumed at Guantánamo Bay, with a lawyer for one of the men asserting that a “continuing cover-up” of CIA torture is the reason none of the suspects have been tried 15 years after their transfer to the extralegal prison. “Enter the Guantánamo Bay military commissions, purpose-built to launder the CIA torture program.”—Alka Pradhan, human rights lawyer # ⚓ Kabul_on_My_Mind⠀⇛ The fall of Kabul reminded me of the time, in late November 2001, that I had drinks with Ashraf Ghani. My ex-wife, Mary Weismantel and I were invited by the anthropologist Sidney Mintz to meet Ghani in a VIP suite at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Washington, D.C. When we arrived at about 5 pm, Ghani was seated in a high-backed chair beside his wife, Rula Saade. The future Afghan president wore formal, black, Pashtun clothes, and drank tea. Rula was also impeccably dressed in black. In those days, I affected worn tweed, the uniform of the male professor in early middle-age. Mary had first met the Ghani after a lecture a couple of years earlier at Johns Hopkins University, where both he and Mintz were professors. Ghani was famous for asking brilliant and annihilating questions after guest presentations, and Mary said he didn’t disappoint. I was the only non-anthropologist among us, but Sid liked me – we talked Marxism and told each other Jewish jokes – and so I was included. # ⚓ Afghanistan_and_the_US_Corporate_Media⠀⇛ In contrast, very few people in the US political arena or the corporate-controlled US media express any skepticism about the US and its trustworthiness. It appears the possibility that the US is not trustworthy never crosses their minds. However, if it does, they realize that it is likely not to their political or professional advantage to raise this possibility with others. President Obama benefited from this lack of skepticism when he falsely touted the precision of the US drone program. When Obama claimed that few civilians were killed, the mainstream media generally accepted this claim until there was too much evidence of civilian deaths to be denied. # ⚓ Crocodile_Tears_for_Women’s_Rights_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Oh?  Well, now let’s see. According to the Watson Institute at Brown University, civilian deaths in Afghanistan and Pakistan from 2001 to date exceed 70,000 people.  # ⚓ Ezmerai_Ahmadi:_a_Personal_Update_on_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Ezmerai Ahmadi, a dear dear Afghan friend and nine of his family members including some of his children, were killed Sunday, August 29, 2021 in a US drone attack near the airport in Kabul. While I lived in Afghanistan, Ezmerai was the man who made me feel the safest and the most free. He was my closest Afghan friend. He worked at my organization as a catch-all kind of guy, so that often meant he was my driver, my handy man, and the person I felt most comfortable practicing Dari with. He and his family were so gracious and generous to me. In fact, they hosted me in the very home where the drone exploded. Although there were so many formalities and cultural differences between us, he and I shared an intimate friendship that is one of my most valued treasures. My heart is broken at the loss of this Afghan family, who was also family to me. We laughed together and had inside jokes together, despite my bad Dari—his English was much better. I heard from him just last week and had hoped to help him get a P2 visa to leave Kabul. This man changed me—he taught me so much about life and people and Afghan culture, that I could have never learned without his steady friendship. He was a tender, beautiful, silly man who loved his family and worked hard to see them succeed. Ezmerai spent the last 10 years working to end malnutrition and hunger in Afghanistan, one of the most deadly killers in that beloved place. I want you all to know this tragedy that is a consequence of modern war. Someone far away that had never been to that area made the decision to send a rocket. He had just dropped off some of his colleagues after work and he was pulling into his house in his car, opening the gate. The kids ran out to greet him and welcome him home. He was a beloved and playful father and uncle. Those kids loved greeting him after work each day, they greeted me too when I came home for dinners with his family after work. The drone hit nearby and everyone who was outside greeting him as he came home in to the little compound died almost instantly. His wife and daughter survived him. The attack was meant to hit an ISIS target, instead it destroyed a family, a neighborhood. His friends, family, and employer—we are all united in the belief Ezmerai was completely innocent and had no involvement with ISIS or the Taliban and the world should know the truth. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Patriotic_Snitch:_Bob_Hawke_as_US_Informant⠀⇛ In June, a rather unremarkable revelation was made that Hawke had been something of an errand boy for the US imperium, a spiller of the beans and something of what Australians would call a “dobber”.  Cameron Coventry, in an article published that month, makes much of embassy and diplomatic cables covering the late Hawke between 1973 and 1979.  “During this time, he divulged information [to the US] about the Whitlam government (1972-75), the Fraser government (1975- 83), Labor, and the labour movement.”  What is less than flattering for the Australian establishment is that snitching and informing on colleagues and their various circles was more than an errant pastime: it was entrenched practise. The image of Hawke as an eager informant for US officials had already attained form in the release of US state department cables by Wikileaks.  During the turbulent times of the Labor government of Gough Whitlam, Hawke, according to embassy accounts, speaks of a party left in “bad financial shape” by their leader, one afflicted by “stupidity”.  The acrimony between Prime Minister Whitlam and Hawke also registers with some frequency.  This was of interest, given the very specific concerns from Washington that Whitlam was going wobbly on the alliance due to pressure from within his own party.  His growing weakness was particularly troubling given “his basic moderation and support of US defence facilities and other US interests”, as one embassy cable notes in August 1974. # ⚓ EFF_to_Court:_FOIA_Requires_ICE_to_Release_Arrest_and Deportation_Database_Records_With_Privacy_Protections⠀⇛ The case, ACLU v. ICE, centers on a request by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) to obtain data from ICE databases that show how ICE arrests, classifies, detains, and deports individual immigrants. The databases link this information to particular individuals based on a unique identifier, known as an “A-number,” that ICE assigns to people. An A-number connects the thread of records on each of ICE’s interactions with an individual, giving a look into how the agency is targeting and treating individuals over time. However, disclosing someone’s A-number to the public could invade their privacy by linking this immigration history to them. To get a better picture of ICE’s activities over time without disproportionately invading individuals’ privacy, ACLU requested that the agency replace each A-number with a new, unique identifier in the released records. A federal district court in New York denied ACLU’s request, ruling that FOIA did not require ICE to substitute deidentified values for A-numbers. ACLU appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.  EFF’s brief argues that ACLU’s proposed solution “is a vital—and sometimes the only—way to protect legitimate privacy concerns while ensuring that FOIA remains a robust tool for transparency and accountability.” EFF’s brief explains that ACLU’s proposal is effectively a form of redaction because it removes the identifying information in each A- number while keeping the “relational information” that connects individual records in ICE’s database. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Extreme_sea_levels_could_soon_become_annual_events⠀⇛ Extreme sea levels are inevitable. Researchers now know more about their scale. Prepare for high tides almost every year. # ⚓ The_Future_of_Single-use_Plastic⠀⇛ While most of us were under “stay at home” orders during the pandemic, the air became cleaner and the fuel consumption delightfully dropped. However, single-use plastic consumption soared with increased production, overuse and waste. # ⚓ Climate_Change_Threatens_Recovery_of_Endangered_Colorado River_Fish⠀⇛ In an effort to stop extinction in the Colorado River and chart a new course for this overburdened river, WildEarth Guardians and a coalition of groups submitted comments yesterday to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service opposing its proposal to change the status of the razorback sucker from “endangered” to “threatened” under the Endangered Species Act. This imperiled fish is one of four native Colorado River fish that still exists against all odds in this failing river. “The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is celebrating a win when there is still lots of time left on the clock,” said Jen Pelz, the Wild Rivers Program Director at WildEarth Guardians. “The dangers to the Colorado River’s endangered fish are multiplying every day as climate change exposes the past century of unsustainable water use and management.” # ⚓ Climate_Groups_Welcome_Biden_Solar_Blueprint_But_Urge Quicker_Energy_Transition⠀⇛ While welcoming the Biden administration’s new blueprint showing how solar energy could produce nearly half of U.S. electricity by 2050, climate campaigners on Wednesday also pointed to damage from recent fires and floods as evidence of the need for more rapid and sweeping systemic reforms. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) notably released the new Solar Futures Study (pdf) a day after President Joe Biden visited communities in New York and New Jersey devastated last week by the remnants of Hurricane Ida. # ⚓ Fossil_Fuel_Leaks,_Spills,_Flaring_&_Chemical_Releases After_Hurricane_Ida_May_Be_Worst_Ever_Recorded⠀⇛ Oil and gas investigative journalist Antonia Juhasz says the extent of damage done after Hurricane Ida from the fossil fuel and petrochemical industry from leaks, spills, flaring, ruptures and chemical releases in the Gulf Coast could be among the worst of such events ever recorded. As half a million electricity customers continue to suffer without power, Juhasz also reports New Orleans faces excessively high durations and frequencies of power outages that mostly hit neighborhoods which are majority people of color and low income. # ⚓ “Badly_Damaged”:_Environmental_Activist_in_“Cancer_Alley” Documents_Oil_Spills_After_Hurricane_Ida⠀⇛ As part of our ongoing coverage of the aftermath of Hurricane Ida, one of the strongest storms to ever hit the United States, we go to St. James Parish, Louisiana, to speak with Sharon Lavigne, the 2021 Goldman Environmental Prize winner, who lives in the heart of Louisiana’s “Cancer Alley,” home to more than 150 petrochemical facilities. She is now documenting oil spills in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida even as her home was badly damaged. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Campaigners_Urge_Dems_to_Exclude_‘False_Solutions’ From_US_Clean_Energy_Standard⠀⇛ As Democrats work to rapidly finalize the details of their $3.5 trillion reconciliation package, climate campaigners on Wednesday urged them to exclude fossil fuels and “false solutions” from a new clean energy program intended to cut down planet-heating emissions. “We need rapid and ambitious climate policy, not another polluter subsidy.”—Sarah Lutz, Friends of the Earth # ⚓ Fossil_Fuel_Leaks_After_Hurricane_Ida_May_Be_Worst Ever_Recorded⠀⇛ # ⚓ Theresa_May_Slams_Net_Zero_‘Sceptics’_and ‘Pessimists’_–_Though_Ex-PM’s_Climate_Record_is_Mixed⠀⇛ Former Prime Minister Theresa May has slammed climate “sceptics” and “pessimists” who oppose the UK’s net zero targets, arguing they have been proved wrong and are out of touch with public opinion.  In an apparent nod to libertarians in her party, she criticised “absolutists” who “dream of a marketplace entirely free from government intervention”, saying “those who actually risk their money understand that no such thing is possible, or even desirable.” # ⚓ Indigenous_Resistance_Instrumental_in_Stopping_High- Profile_Fossil_Fuel_Projects,_Says_Report⠀⇛ The efforts of Indigenous peoples in North America have helped block or delay a long list of major fossil fuel projects over the past decade, successfully leading to the avoidance of a massive amount of greenhouse gas emissions, according to a new report. “The numbers don’t lie. Indigenous peoples have long led the fight to protect Mother Earth and the only way forward is to center Indigenous knowledge and keep fossil fuels in the ground,” Dallas Goldtooth, a Keep It In The Ground organizer for Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN), said in a statement. The report was coauthored by IEN and Oil Change International, a research and advocacy organization focused on transitioning away from fossil fuels. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ With_38_Million_Facing_Food_Insecurity,_Hunger_in_US Soared_by_Nearly_9%_in_2020⠀⇛ More than 38.2 million Americans struggled with food insecurity at some point last year, a roughly 9% surge in hunger compared with the 2019 level of 35.2 million, according to data released Wednesday by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. “While hunger was already a massive, systemic problem in all 50 states before Covid-19 hit the U.S., domestic hunger surged during the pandemic.”—Joel Berg, Hunger Free America # ⚓ Record-Breaking_Disasters_Across_World_Have_Root Cause_in_Common:_Human_Activity⠀⇛ A slew of recent record-breaking disasters that took place in faraway places across the world shouldn’t be seen in isolation but as interconnected events for which human activity is a major root cause, according to a United Nations report released Wednesday. The study (pdf), released by the UN University’s Institute for Environment and Human Security, took a “deep dive” into 10 extreme events that occurred in 2020 and 2021 that “were not only disastrous for people and the environment but were also the symptoms of underlying processes ingrained in our society.” # ⚓ Reconciling_human_demands_with_planetary_boundaries: a_new_approach_to_quantifying_sustainability_at_the national_and_global_levels⠀⇛ Human population grows, Earth doesn’t. A certain environmental impact is needed to satisfy basic human needs. When multiplied by a huge population, even a small average individual impact can become high, overshooting planetary boundaries. Achieving both environmental sustainability and high human development is hence a challenge. Can we win this challenge without considering the population factor? # ⚓ Overpopulation,_saturation_immigration_will_destroy Sydney⠀⇛ This “rapacious period” of over-development was caused by one thing: mass immigration driven population growth. Sydney’s population ballooned by 1.1 million people in the 15 years to 2019, which necessarily required many thousands of high- rise apartments to be built very quickly. # ⚓ The_Nature_and_Overshoot_Crisis:_Reframing_the Discussion_of_Climate_Change_and_Biodiversity_Loss⠀⇛ Why does our casual observer overlook these other crises? Why did she ignore it as former IPBES chair Robert Watson pointed out? Because she grew up with climate change in the background all her life. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Worker_Advocates_Condemn_Democrats’_Refusal_to_Address Jobless_Aid_Crisis⠀⇛ # ⚓ Covering_All_Bases_in_the_ER⠀⇛ While I’m doing this my husband circles the grounds with a manual push mower. For him and a certain tiny subset of enthusiasts, it’s the only decent, rational way to mow the average lawn (usually he needs to be jumpstarted). Like homeowners everywhere presiding over tiny plots of grass for the last half century, our neighbors are mostly unaware there’s an alternative to power mowers. The wealthier among them hire lawn services: Three or four men arrive in a large flatbed truck, pull down the gangplank and unload one or two tractorlike vehicles which they methodically drive around till every blade of grass is cut. While this is being done the owners vacate the property—never actually witnessing the labor done on their behalf—treating their neighbors to the pollution and noise. # ⚓ Anger_Mounts_Over_Democrats’_Refusal_to_Address_Jobless_Aid Crisis⠀⇛ Worker justice advocates are growing increasingly furious over the national Democratic leadership’s refusal to act after more than nine million people across the U.S. were thrown off unemployment insurance earlier this week, an unprecedented aid cut that took effect in the middle of a surging pandemic and persistent economic crisis. “Failure to do anything at this critical juncture is a betrayal of the workers who have suffered so badly over the course of this crisis.”—Rebecca Dixon, National Employment Law Project # ⚓ Nobel_Economist_to_Biden:_Ditch_Fed_Chair_Powell_If_You Want_to_‘Build_Back_Better’⠀⇛ If U.S. President Joe Biden wants to fulfill his “Build Back Better” agenda, he should not appoint Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell to another four-year term, Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz said in an interview released Wednesday, joining a group of progressive lawmakers in advocating for fresh leadership at the nation’s central bank. “People have given Powell a lot of kudos because he has supported the economy through the pandemic… On one hand I agree with that,” Stiglitz, a professor at Columbia University with previous roles as the chief economist of the World Bank and chair of the Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton administration, told Reuters. # ⚓ Joseph_Stiglitz:_Ending_Unemployment_Benefits_as_Pandemic Rages_Is_Cruel_&_Hurts_Economic_Recovery⠀⇛ As unemployment benefits for millions of U.S. workers expired on Labor Day, with many states suffering the worst surge of the pandemic, economist Joseph Stiglitz says it’s “disturbing” federal aid was allowed to lapse. “This is going to feed into the problems posed by the Delta variant.” Stiglitz also talks about whether Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell should stay in the job, saying he has done a “reasonable job” during the pandemic but has a tendency “to side with Wall Street and engage in deregulation.” # ⚓ Treasury_Finds_Wealthiest_1_Percent_Dodge_Over_$160_Billion in_Taxes_Yearly⠀⇛ # ⚓ WGAE_Tensions_Reflect_an_Age-Old_Clash_of_Labor_Visions⠀⇛ The Writers Guild of America East has successfully organized digital journalism workers at numerous well-known outlets in the last several years, winning contract protections on things like requiring “just cause” for firing (WGAE, 1/7/19), diversity hiring (Deadline, 1/21/18) and editorial independence (FAIR.org, 6/18/19). Who could complain about this? Plenty of people, apparently. # ⚓ Loan_Forgiveness_for_Disabled_Borrowers_Was_10_Years_in_the Making⠀⇛ More than a decade ago, a young reporter named Sasha Chavkin filed a story for ProPublica about the sort of bureaucratic indifference that makes people hate their government. Across the country, thousands of people who had suffered grievous injuries that prevented them from working were being hounded for student loans they had no chance of repaying. Many had been classified as disabled by the Social Security Administration and were already receiving government support. But the Department of Education, which handles loan forgiveness, insisted that borrowers jump through a separate set of hoops to prove they were unable to work. In some cases, the department was garnishing Social Security payments sent to people with disabilities who were in arrears on their loans. We published Sasha’s story on Feb. 13, 2011. It introduced readers to Tina Brooks, a former police officer who fractured a vertebra in her back and damaged three others in her neck when she plunged 15 feet down a steep quarry while training for bicycle patrol. Although five doctors and a judge from Social Security all agreed that she was fully disabled, Education Department officials continued to insist she pay off $43,000 in loans. # ⚓ Exxon-Tied_Manchin_Is_Again_Holding_$3.5T_Bill_Hostage_Over Climate_Proposals⠀⇛ # ⚓ Despite_Manchin_Roadblock,_Schumer_Vows_‘Full_Speed_Ahead’ on_$3.5_Trillion_Plan⠀⇛ Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said Wednesday that his chamber is “moving full speed ahead” with Democrats’ sweeping $3.5 trillion reconciliation package despite fresh reports that conservative Sen. Joe Manchin—a key swing vote—is only willing to accept up to $1.5 trillion in spending. “We’re moving forward on this bill,” Schumer (D- N.Y.) said during a press call that took place days after Manchin (D-W.Va.) publicly urged Congress to “hit a strategic pause” on the budget reconciliation process, which Democrats are using to advance their social spending and climate priorities without Republican support. # ⚓ If_reskilling_is_not_quick_enough,_it’s_not_COVID’s_fault⠀⇛ In 2021, companies are starting to automate “an entire class of service jobs created when manufacturing began to deploy more automation”. So what? This is not news at all, of course, just something that was bound to happen as soon as technically possible, with or without pandemics. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Can_a_Deadly_Storm_Again_Spark_Progress_for Justice?⠀⇛ “If you have already evacuated, do not return,” declared Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards on Tuesday, instructing residents who fled coastal communities before Hurricane Ida’s landfall. Edwards’ advice seemed healthy for an area enveloped by flooding, a heat/humidity index exceeding 100 degrees, and no electricity to help stay cool or sustain fresh food. # ⚓ Ocasio-Cortez_to_Kellyanne_Conway:_‘Don’t_Let_the_Fascist Victim_Complex_Hit_You_on_the_Way_Out’⠀⇛ Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez joined left-leaning politicians and pundits Wednesday who took swipes at Kellyanne Conway after the former senior adviser to ex-President Donald Trump said she would not comply with a Biden administration request to resign from the U.S. Air Force Academy’s advisory board. “Clinging onto vestiges of power against the people’s will is kind of your/Trump’s/ the GOP’s thing.”—Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez # ⚓ Is_It_Biden’s_Turn_to_be_Boxed_In?⠀⇛ Obama’s memoir, “A Promised Land,” fails to fully credit Biden for his passionate and prophetic warnings.  Biden was the administration’s only consistent dissenting voice on Afghanistan.  His criticism of the military probably led him to appoint a four-star general, Lloyd Austin, as secretary of defense in order to mollify the Pentagon. It was known as early as 2006 that additional troops would not make a difference; that the Afghan government would collapse without U.S. support; and that the Afghan government was a criminal syndicate.  In private meetings with Obama, Biden dismissed the intelligence community’s view of the Taliban as nothing more than a “new al Qaeda.” It wrongly predicted that the Taliban would project a “global jihadist ideology.”  The fact that Biden was so right 12 years ago probably explains his stubbornness in standing up to the Pentagon, which was still arguing for a “conditions based withdrawal.”  Biden was not going to allow the Pentagon to pursue its “forever war” any longer. # ⚓ The_Filibuster_is_Unconstitutional⠀⇛ Senators whose votes have been blocked by a minority should have standing to take this issue to the Supreme Court. And the Court should abolish the filibuster as violating the U.S. Constitution. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Role_Of_Confirmation_Bias_In_Spreading_Misinformation⠀⇛ We recently wrote about the need to start thinking differently about mis- and disinformation, as the discussions on it cover a bunch of different — often unrelated — concepts. And lumping them together creates problems (as it did with the term “fake news.”) Last week (and over the weekend) a good example showed how this plays out in practice. # ⚓ Rupert_Murdoch_Learns_Why_Intermediary_Liability Protections_Matter:_Australia_Says_Media_Orgs_Can_Be_Sued Over_Facebook_Comments⠀⇛ Ah, Australia. The country down under has always taken an upside down view on intermediary liability laws — quite quick to blame an intermediary for 3rd party content. Two years ago we wrote about a problematic ruling in Australia based on the idea that media companies (not just social media companies) could be held liable for comments on Facebook about their stories. Any common sense thinking would immediately reveal how ridiculous this is: how can a media company be held liable for someone else’s comments on someone else’s website? Well, the judge noted, because they could hack Facebook and insert a filter to block comments on their stories with the 100 most common English words, as a form of pre-vetting every comment. I’m not kidding: o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Computer_Repair_Shop_Owner_Has_To_Pay_Twitter’s_Legal_Fees Over_Bogus_SLAPP_Suit_Regarding_Hunter_Biden’s_Laptop⠀⇛ At the end of last year we wrote about an absolutely ridiculous SLAPP suit filed by John Paul Mac Isaac, the owner of a computer repair shop whose name became somewhat famous after the NY Post ran a story regarding what was apparently Hunter Biden’s laptop that had been abandoned at the shop, which eventually found its way to Rudy Giuliani. When the initial story broke, both Twitter and Facebook moved to limit the spread of the article as there were some initial concerns about the veracity of the story. In Twitter’s case, it said that the story violated its policy on “hacked materials” (a policy that we’ve argued was problematic for journalism). # ⚓ China’s_New_Youth_Online_Gaming_Restrictions_Birth Underground_Workaround_Industry_To_Defeat_It⠀⇛ It will not be controversial to say that China has always been one of the leaders in the war on the internet and culture alike. Between the Great Firewall of China at the macro level, the almost hilariously Orwellian tactics like forbidding certain karaoke songs, and the full destruction of democracy in Hong Kong, it’s clear that Beijing values control over everything else. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Details_of_campaign_that_targeted_Turkish_journalists uncovered⠀⇛ A team at security shop SentinelLABS has released detailed research about a threat actor it has dubbed EGoManiac, which operated between 2010 and 2016 and messed with Turkish TV journalists at OdaTV in order to place incriminating documents and malware on their devices. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Is_Owed⠀⇛ Reparations are having a moment. This march, Evanston, Ill., became the first government in the United States to attempt to address racial inequality by providing mortgage assistance and $25,000 homeownership and improvement grants to descendants of residents harmed by discriminatory housing policies in the city. Soon afterward, the US House of Representatives began hearings on HR 40, which would create a commission to study reparations for slavery and other forms of discrimination against Black people in the United States. President Biden expressed support for the study and reiterated that support at the commemoration of the 1921 race massacre in Tulsa, Okla., in May. Meanwhile, California became the first state to initiate an official task force to study and develop a reparations plan for African Americans harmed by slavery and its legacies. # ⚓ “They_said_they_were_vitamins”:_Inmates_in_Arkansas_jail say_they_were_unknowingly_given_ivermectin_to_treat_COVID- 19⠀⇛ An Arkansas doctor under investigation for prescribing an anti-parasite drug called ivermectin to jail detainees with COVID-19, even though federal health officials specifically warn against it, has said that those patients took the drug willingly. But several inmates at the Washington County jail say that is not the case — that they were given the pills with no indication of what they really were. # ⚓ Ivermectin_is_the_new_hydroxychloroquine,_take_6:_More fraud?⠀⇛ Even this far into the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems that I can’t go more than three or four weeks (at most!) without revisiting the topic of ivermectin as a “miracle cure” for COVID-19. I’ve entitled this series Ivermectin is the new hydroxychloroquine for the simple reason that it is, although, for all the HCQ conspiracy theories last year about its being the drug “they” don’t want you to know about, fraud and outright fraudulent studies were not as huge a component of the HCQ story as they have been for ivermectin In any event, ivermectin, as you might recall, is a drug commonly used in veterinary medicine to deworm livestock and pets, and it really irritates believers in the drug when you refer to ivermectin as a “horse dewormer” or “sheep dewormer,” even though it is. Ivermectin is also very useful in humans to treat diseases caused by parasitic roundworms, and its believers love to point out that the discoverers of ivermectin won the Nobel Prize in 2015, but just because they did does not mean that the drug has any usefulness against COVID-19. Rather, it’s nothing more than an explicit (and rather tiresomely obvious) rejoinder to referring to ivermectin as a livestock dewormer, which really, really gets under the skin of ivermectin promoters. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden_Has_Wasted_A_Year_Failing_To_Fill_Top_Telecom Oversight_Spots⠀⇛ Consumer groups have grown increasingly annoyed at the Biden administration’s failure to pick a third Democratic Commissioner and permanent FCC boss nearly eight months into his term. After the rushed Trump appointment of unqualified Trump BFF Nathan Simington to the agency (as part of that dumb and now deceased plan to have the FCC regulate social media), the agency now sits gridlocked at 2- 2 commissioners under interim FCC head Jessica Rosenworcel. # ⚓ Maybe_You_Missed_It,_but_the_Internet_‘Died’_Five_Years Ago⠀⇛ Dead-internet theory is a niche idea because it’s patently ridiculous, but it has been spreading. Caroline Busta, the Berlin-based founder of the media platform New Models, recently referenced it in her contribution to an online group show organized by the KW Institute for Contemporary Art. “Of course a lot of that post is paranoid fantasy,” she told me. But the “overarching idea” seems right to her. The theory has become fodder for dramatic YouTube explainers, including one that summarizes the original post in Spanish and has been viewed nearly 260,000 times. Speculation about the theory’s validity has started appearing in the widely read Hacker News forum and among fans of the massively popular YouTube channel Linus Tech Tips. In a Reddit forum about the paranormal, the theory is discussed as a possible explanation for why threads about UFOs seem to be “hijacked” by bots so often. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Promising_news_for_right_to_repair_from_Germany⠀⇛ It seems that Germany wants smartphone makers to offer 7 years of software updates, and maybe spare parts too. The EU proposed a new law earlier this year that would force all smartphone OEMs to offer up to five years of security updates for their devices and deliver reasonably priced spare parts for the same duration. Although the EU’s new right to repair laws are yet to go into effect, the German Federal Government has now announced plans to extend the support timeline by two years, plus demanding OEMs to publish the spare part prices and not increase them over time. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ India_needs_uniformity_in_online_dispute_resolution: sources [Ed: The typical lobbying tactic, bemoaning "uncertainty" (or similar) to basically say "I don't like how it is, please change"]⠀⇛ IP counsel highlight the stark contrast in technology integration by district and high courts, and recommend areas for improvement # ⚓ Law_School_Canons:_It’s_a_Pain_to_Opine [Ed: This system has been hijacked by self-serving law firms, not science]⠀⇛ My Civil Procedure I outline turned out to be the longest outline of my first law school semester. Personally, I was betting on joinder and class actions to contain the most notes throughout the semester. As it turned out, discovery took the “most notes” crown. That makes sense – there’s a lot to discover in a lawsuit! Upon review of my outline, some of these rules started to come back to me. [...] With Young’s testimony excluded entirely, clearly, that evidence could not come in. Many can speculate on what the outcome of this case would have been including Young’s testimony. No doubt that information from the inventor himself would be very relevant and accurate as to factual issues! However, one bullet point in my notes on expert witnesses lays out the base reasoning for this rule: “Essentially making sure experts are qualified and aren’t using ‘quack science.’” # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ “An_Error_of_Principle_and_Approach”_–_Birss_LJ clarifies_the_law_on_breadth_of_claim_and_uncertainty insufficiency⠀⇛ In undoubtedly one of the most important decisions of the year so far, on 24 August 2021, the English Court of Appeal handed down its judgment in FibroGen v Akebia (FibroGen Inc v Akebia Therapeutics Inc [2021] EWCA Civ 1279), partially allowing FibroGen’s appeal, and so finding one of the ‘Family A’ patents, EP 823, valid and infringed. The judgment is of particular interest for its approach to insufficiency, with the very experienced patents judge, Arnold LJ being overturned on two separate grounds of insufficiency. The judgment aligns UK law on breadth of claim insufficiency with the decision of the German Supreme Court in Dipeptidyl-Peptidase- Inhibitoren from 2013 and is more favourable to patent holders than the first instance decision. FibroGen holds six patents that relate to the use of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (“HIF-PH”) inhibitors for the treatment of anaemia. These patents form two families; Family A (claiming an earliest priority date of 2001) relates to the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) anaemia, whilst Family B (claiming priority from 2004) relates to the treatment of anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Both families contain broad claims to classes of compounds, and a narrow sub-claim to the same individual compound. # ⚓ Partial_victory_for_Alcon_in_eye_surgery_case⠀⇛ Alcon and Johnson & Johnson are locked in a patent dispute for the growing market of eye laser technology in Germany, the UK and the US. The opponents are fighting over eight patent families. Four belong to Johnson & Johnson’s subsidiary AMO (EP 1 835 861, EP 2 548 528, EP 2 772 234 B1, EP 3 466 379 B1). Four are owned by Alcon (EP 2 926 780, EP 2 240 108, EP 2 579 827, EP 2 826 436). All patents relate to laser technology for ophthalmic surgery. The technology is used, for example, in the treatment of cataracts. In an increasingly aging society, cataract surgery is an important field in medical technology. The British Journal of Opthalmology estimates around 10 million operations are performed worldwide every year. Therefore, the patents- in-suit are of great economic importance for both parties. Current proceedings are underway in Germany, the UK and the US. In a first decision in the case, Hamburg Regional Court found Alcon’s patent EP 2 926 780 to be infringed. As a result, the court issued an injunction and ordered AMO to pay damages, provide information and render accounts (case ID: 327O 321/20). However, this is only a first win in the cross-border dispute. [...] Nevertheless, the court saw no reason to stay the infringement suit pending a decision in the nullity case. # ⚓ EPO_and_ARIPO_launch_major_training_programme [Ed: Is EPO trying to googlebomb_away_reports_about_its Ethiopia_blunder?]⠀⇛ In an online ceremony on 8 September, EPO President António Campinos together with the heads of the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and the national patent offices of Angola and Ethiopia launched the virtual Regional ARIPO Patent Examination Training programme (ARPET programme). This is the largest ever training programme undertaken by the EPO with offices outside Europe. More than 100 participants from ARIPO and the national offices of its 20 member states, as well as of Angola and Ethiopia, will participate in the 18-month ARPET programme, which provides a modular, competency-based training framework and curriculum. The participants will receive training from EPO and ARIPO experts on how to conduct high- quality and timely searches and examine local patent applications, incorporating the EPO’s best practices in respect of second filings. # ⚓ Applause_as_Australia_Backs_Covid_Vaccine_Patent Waiver⠀⇛ “The British and German governments have no allies or excuses left. They must stop obstructing efforts to waive patents so that we can finally vaccinate the world.”—Nick Dearden, Global Justice Now  “Australia’s support for a waiver puts the WTO in a strong position to make progress at next week’s TRIPS council meeting,” said Nick Dearden, director of the organization.  # ⚓ As_Delta_Surges,_Other_Variants_Wait_in_the_Wings. Biden_Must_Take_Action.⠀⇛ # ⚓ “Will_Corporate_Greed_Prolong_the_Pandemic?”:_Nobel Laureate_Joseph_Stiglitz_on_Global_Vaccine_Equity⠀⇛ Nobel Prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz says global vaccine inequity endangers everyone on the planet, including those in rich countries, and says the best way to solve the problem is to drastically increase production of COVID-19 vaccines. “As long as the disease is festering someplace in the world, there are going to be mutations,” Stiglitz says. “So it’s in our own self- interest that we get the disease controlled everywhere.” # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ New_ABBA_Album_Tops_80K_Pre-Orders,_Breaks_Universal UK_Record⠀⇛ The album release is being accompanied by a special Voyage tour in London. Tickets went on sale for the ABBA Voyage digital event today. Digital versions of the singers (not holograms) will perform alongside a 10-piece live band at London’s Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. The shows start May 27, 2022, and ABBA fans rushed to book their tickets. The digital ABBAtars of Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus will perform alongside the band. The group’s digital counterparts were created with the help of Industrial Light and Magic – the special effects company founded by George Lucas. Work on the concert series involved months of motion capture with the group and a team of more than 850 people. More than 160 cameras were used to film the band’s performance. ILM used archive footage of the band to develop the realistic digital performance. # ⚓ The_Publishers_Association_Ramps_Up_Site_Blocking_to Reduce_Piracy⠀⇛ The Publishers Association, a UK organization supporting members producing digital and print books, research journals, and educational resources, obtained its first pirate site blocking injunction in 2015. Six years later the group has now been granted an expansion in an effort to restrict access to domains that helped to circumvent the aims of the High Court order. # ⚓ German_Pirate_Site_Blocklist_Gradually_Expands_with BS.to_as_Latest_Target⠀⇛ German Internet providers have started blocking access to the popular streaming portal BS.to. The anti-piracy measure is part of the country’s voluntary blocking regime, which classified the site as structurally infringing. BS.to’s operators, meanwhile, are showing users how to bypass the new restrictions. # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Franny_Gaede⠀⇛ Based in: Eugene, Oregon, United States # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Dr._Matthew_Rimmer⠀⇛ Based in: Brisbane, Australia (As the Men at Work song goes, “I come from a Land down under” ) ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6341 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 58 seconds to (re)generate ⟲