𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, September 16, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 17 Sep 02:40:11 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmdX2s2SqVdLGeDkdkKttPs5yTYJsLmp17uRadMNJPA8o7 QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di QmbgQV95aJhhYgZGckMiakNeEJ9krzrNcrk4zKkbrd4BuL QmREjs3AhXCDGyuDLhJQs4HRtxWdtcC2X5PyZCi7atJ2WK QmZgjV9VWmqRr2AHmnw53nRRPSBz1FStdKpPNWXKJpwnxG QmPXDc7XRSN2iYifnk9Qy37k49nZ1PVFnUcWSu4ZYabWm9 QmSqRsSaXYEhkCyiyX1JjT7EvRcR9y8SJru8vSVjuiWdEx QmWeVT3WPnEgrznV9jLtoyGa5UDHpbqvCDpFqwuPKnej6m QmbaP7TZ7mUw8pw3WX69cx9hqp8d55jJqWB83KGsmqW96k QmVBf9Bmz3JivTW38Gq44pXRkh6W4noQBtoFameFgXZ8DU QmWGNG7373TNKDtEYo1q57qkgigkeBH51AH8LfDuQhET94 Qmd1j5aPQfEXy7BPbGLFEauDF57nERBXCoCyByfVV29jwD QmQArT4hGt9DGbzeQe46houAtDEoRgo6yuyQNTYhu4fUWa QmRQrMxBHfwwYFakm7kaFrHCGe51siakxNU6w9Z1SnmmSD QmcMxMu1mpdqgj3DsyKreqYUhQWgSSuXM2hkpD8u5qhFQx QmUnQ1KgLk5TqpmioRpKSTQMgTjk8uPKTKhNxDBwtV545z QmUPLCS39mA6XaZmdzwh1WbF8ry8hiVAzuaf4P9A1AmKbd QmNdAU6bFwZMUbnvK1m3e7aSwoHNFY97JdqWjpMVzvVT6V QmSDxEDkdmunKoZmMNVwhKaEKpJYVPqrdqPnbEGhNadE9g QmU3Cc6hMhpsNzFQ82J5uqhtgrCrh67mKLmWhYadentK2o QmQacCjdmHDTi18CHZHhTZoQaq1qFiasj5iWoMZ8Fehf5q ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Trusting Microsoft With Security is a Clown Show | Techrights ⦿ Techrights Examines a Wide Array/Range of Gemini Clients/Browsers | Techrights ⦿ Deleted Post: “LibreOffice is Becoming Dominated by a Bunch of Corporates, and Has no Place for the Enthusiastic Amateur.” | Techrights ⦿ EPO “Board 28” Meeting: Imaginary Dialogue Between EPO President Campinos and the Chair of the Administrative Council, Josef Kratochvíl | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] 70 Days of Non-Compliance | Techrights ⦿ If Git Can be Done Over the Command Line and E-mail, It Can Also be Done Over Gemini (Instead of Bloated Web Browsers) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, September 15, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Microsoft Azure and Back/Bug Doors in GNU/Linux: Fool Me Once (Shame on You) / Fool Me Twice (Shame on Me) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/azure-clown-show/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/comparing-gemini-clients-or-browsers/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/corporate-libreoffice/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-imaginary-board-28-dialogue/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-non-compliance-70-days/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/geminispace-git/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/irc-log-150921/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/microsoft-azure-bug-doors/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/kstars-3-5-5/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/sailfish-os-verla/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 69 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/azure-clown-show/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/azure-clown-show/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Trusting_Microsoft_With_Security_is_a_Clown_Show⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Security, Servers at 5:56 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 6998bd1e8c92ab9d3acfe358c787c62a http://techrights.org/videos/microsoft-linux-back-doors.webm Summary: A quick and spontaneous video about this_morning's_post regarding a major_new_revelation that reaffirms a longstanding trend; Microsoft conflates national security (back doors) with security THE subject isn’t new to us. We’ve been writing about this for well over a decade and when Ed Snowden released a stash of leaked documents our worst fears or concerns were largely confirmed. Not that the corporate media pays attention to these any longer (those are presumed “old news” even though nothing was done or said to suggest a policy change). “The latest news will only further curtail that latter agenda, assuming corporate media will bother reporting it like it constantly badmouths “Linux”.”Microsoft is really struggling in the server space. Windows_Server_is being_rapidly_abandoned, so Microsoft is trying_to_swallow_the_GNU/Linux servers_market (without_success). The latest news will only further curtail that latter agenda, assuming corporate media will bother reporting it like it constantly badmouths “Linux”. Even_when_Microsoft_is_at_fault… As Ryan has just put it (in IRC): “Microsoft plummeted down to nothing in the server market in the past year. Everyone took advantage of the downtime, I guess, to migrate to somehing else. It had probably been a long time coming, but when you’re in the thick of things, it can be hard to abandon something that’s plodding along and working just okay enough to get you by. The COVID mess probably did to Microsoft in a year what would have happened in five or six anyway.” “They’ll try to avoid talking about that, which means that we should. Everyone is trying to get away and will the first chance that they get. It’s like women who were being controlled by their husband to the point that he puts their paychecks in his bank account to make sure they don’t have enough money to start over. Microsoft tries to keep its customers by playing dirty and implying they’ll be helpless if they leave.” █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 134 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/comparing-gemini-clients-or-browsers/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/comparing-gemini-clients-or-browsers/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Techrights_Examines_a_Wide_Array/Range_of_Gemini_Clients/Browsers⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Review at 11:25 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 2502c141249b73b6dd31167c4a2c69e0 http://techrights.org/videos/four-gemini-clients.webm Summary: After spending many months examining an array of different types of software for Gemini (including but not limited to clients/browsers) we take stock of what exists, what’s supported (it varies a bit), and which one might be suitable for use by geeks and non-geeks AROUND the start of this year we began implementing our Gemini capsule, which now contains almost all the pages that exist in the Web site. It the process we produced a lot of code (released under the terms of the AGPLv3), mostly for converting WordPress and MediaWiki into Gemini pages. Our Web site isn’t going away, but it’s no longer our sole priority. We invite readers to follow us into Geminispace (or Gemini space — the term used for that protocol and what lurks inside it). I’ve asked around in IRC, where quite a few of us have tried Amfora, Lagrange, and Kristall. One of us settled on Kristall, I myself mostly use Lagrange these days, and MinceR (who tried all three) prefers Amfora. One associate prefers Amfora as well. “There’s no clear strategy for ‘fixing’ the Web, so we need to gradually move to something else, at least for some use cases.”In the first half of this month the capsule has attracted nearly a quarter million page requests and it’s growing every month. We invest more energy in the Gemini capsule than we do in the Web site. Gemini protocol has promise and has a future; Gemini space continues to expand, too. There are currently_1,600_unique_capsules_that_are known, compared to 500 last December and about 1,000 back in April (according to Mr._Bortzmeyer). So it more than tripled in a single year! The video above covered my personal everyday experience with Gemini software (I used those tools in parallel and in conjunction, partly for testing purposes). As promised in the video (recording before typing a single line of text), here are the links to various homepages, along with a screenshot of each homepage. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Kristall⦈_ Kristall. Homepage: https://kristall.random-projects.net/ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Amfora⦈_ Amfora. Homepage: https://github.com/makeworld-the-better-one/amfora 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Telescope⦈_ Telescope. Homepage: https://git.omarpolo.com/telescope/ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lagrange⦈_ Lagrange. Homepage: https://git.skyjake.fi/gemini/lagrange 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Moonlander⦈_ Moonlander. Homepage: https://sr.ht/~admicos/moonlander/ We are absolutely certain that Gemini will continues to grow; it’s not some passing fad and interest in Gemini will grow as fatigue/backlash increases, seeing that the Web is a monopolistic monoculture of bloat and surveillance. There’s no clear strategy for ‘fixing’ the Web, so we need to gradually move to something else, at least for some use cases. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣦⣰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⢰⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣶⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣆⣸⣿⣿⢺⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⢻⣟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣻⣶⣾⣿⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣛⣻⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣆⣸⣿⣿⢸⢻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠿⣿⣿⣆⣸⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣶⢀⡴⠂⣀⣀⣀⠀⣐⡂⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣠⣆⡀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠐⢲⡆⠀⠐⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡴⢶⡄⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠒⡆⠀⠐⢲⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⣶⠦⢀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣆⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣅⠀⣿⠉⠉⠀⠉⡇⠀⠸⠯⣭⡀⢹⡏⠁⢀⡭⢿⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠓⠶⣄⣿⢹⢹⡇⣭⠽⣿⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠠⠤⠄⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⡏⢹⡇⠈⡏⠉⠀⣿⠭⠿⠀⣿⠉⠁⢸⡏ ⠀⠀⠛⠀⠙⠂⠛⠀⠀⠐⠒⠓⠂⠘⠒⠚⠁⠘⠓⠒⠈⠓⠚⠓⠀⠘⠓⠂⠀⠘⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠘⠓⠚⠃⠛⠘⠘⠃⠛⠚⠛⠂⠀⠛⠒⠀⠘⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠛⠒⠘⠃⠘⠃⠀⠛⠒⠀⠙⠒⠋⠀⠛⠀⠀⠘⠃ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢿⡖⢸⣰⡆⣗⣶⢸⡈⡇⠀⣺⢲⠆⠰⣶⠀⣗⢶⠲⡲⣶⢶⢴⡶⠂⠀⡶⢾⡰⡂⢷⣶⢰⡶⡂⠀⣶⢆⣶⣶⡲⣶⠰⢺⡂⠀⡟⢖⢶⠂⠀⣶⢶⢴⣦⠆⣺⣶⠰⢳⡶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠰⡲⡖⠀⢰⡆⠖⣶⣖⢾ ⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⢠⣀⡀⡄⣀⣀⡄⢀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢠⣀⡀⠀⣠⢀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢠⠈⢀⣤⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⡀⣀⢀⡠⡄⣁⣠⢠⢀⡀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⡅⠀⠀⣄⣠ ⠀⠀⠛⠙⠙⠙⠀⠁⠛⠘⠚⠃⠑⠛⠑⠃⠈⠊⠛⠑⠙⠛⠛⠛⠃⠙⠊⠋⠀⠚⠈⠃⠀⠋⠙⠘⠉⠃⠁⠛⠈⠂⠀⠃⠛⠈⠈⠉⠛⠑⠙⠙⠀⠀⠓⠃⠙⠃⠃⠛⠛⠘⠚⠉⠛⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠚⠁⠓⠃⠃⠀⠃⠉ ⠀⠀⡶⢶⠰⠲⠖⡶⠖⠀⠰⠆⠧⠶⠀⢰⡶⡶⠶⠸⠰⠆⠇⡄⠀⢰⡶⡶⡶⠗⢶⠶⠂⡄⠀⠸⠾⡆⠗⣶⢠⠀⠐⠟⠾⠖⢶⡶⡶⠖⣠⠀⠠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣿⣾⣰⣱⣗⣷⣟⣸⣾⣇⣵⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣀⢀⣀⠀⣄⡀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢄⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣠⠀⣀⣀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢤⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣄⡀⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⢀⣤⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⡤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡿⣿⢿⢸⢸⡺⡇⢧⡄⠀⠀⣠⣧⡨⣳⠇⠀⠀⢧⣿⢺⣺⢺⢿⡇⣼⣄⡿⢸⢠⣧⡀⡤⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠸⣨⢿⣇⡇⡇⣿⢿⣺⢸⡇⠀⡤⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⢠⣿⡄⡇⡇⢧⣽⢸⣺⠂⡇⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡉⡏⢹⡟⠛⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡏⡉⡙⢿⡟⠻⢻⡿⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣁⣶⣿⣧⣠⣿⣥⣴⣤⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣷⣌⣋⣼⣯⣬⣬⣿⣤⣤⣈⣠⣼⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠁⠈⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⢛⠋⢙⡛⢻⠋⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣶⣤⣴⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⡿⡟⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣐⣀⣂⣐⣀⣄⣰⣆⣀⣀⣆⣐⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠫⠉⠙⠩⠁⠙⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠋⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣬⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⠤⠄⠤⠴⠆⠤⠥⠴⠦⠴⠤⠤⠬⠤⠤⠤⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠠⠤⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠉⠾⠧⠇⠀⠘⠀⠂ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣄⣄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⣄⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⣻⡟⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡟⢿⠛⣟⢻⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠻⡟⢻⡛⡿⠿⡿⡟⠿⢟⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣼⣯⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣴⣵⣦⣵⣴⣶⣶⣵⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣦⣮⣦⣬⣦⣶⣶⣮⣶⣶⣶⣧⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⣻⡟⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠟⠻⠻⡻⠻⡻⠻⠟⢻⠛⣟⢻⢻⠻⢻⠻⠻⣿⣿⣿⢛⠻⠛⠟⢟⠟⢟⠟⠿⠛⡟⢻⡛⡟⡛⠟⡟⠟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢽⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠏⠻⠉⠏⠛⢛⠟⠛⣻⣿⣿⡏⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠫⠻⠉⠏⠛⢛⠛⠛⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣏⣺⣃⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⡉⣉⣉⣃⣘⣁⣃⣉⣩⡉⢉⣽⣿⣿⣇⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⣉⣙⣑⣙⣁⣃⣉⣉⣈⣉⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣍⠍⠉⢉⢣⡉⠁⠙⢉⡉⡁⠉⡉⢙⣅⢫⠍⢉⣭⣉⣍⢣⡉⠩⣩⢉⣍⠍⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠶⢸⣧⣠⠀⠀⠰⢀⠠⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠛⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣅⣤⣧⣼⣦⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣼⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⣻⠻⡟⣙⠟⠟⠹⠻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣴⣦⣦⣶⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⠘⣿⠀⠘⠉⡋⢹⠹⡅⠅⣥⠹⢹⣿⡡⠂⠋⢙⠉⡍⣿⢩⠁⣿⠡⢾⠀⠋⢙⢩⡇⢽⣏⣭⢨⢨⠩⠋⢹⠹⡘⡈⢽⢩⢩⠃⣿⠉⡇⢩⢋⣽⠉⠇⠩⠉⡻⣥⢸⢡⡏⠹⠩⠉⡍⠉⣯⢙⠭⡋⡙⢡⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣷⣾⣶⣷⣧⣼⣾⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣼⣼⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣤⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣤⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡄⡌⡏⠍⠉⠩⠉⠉⢹⢫⡝⡛⢛⡛⢛⠛⢙⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢩⣿⠉⣿⠉⠛⡛⠛⡛⢛⢙⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⠁⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⠻⣿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠛⠻⢻⠻⣿⠻⣿⡟⡟⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠻⢿⠿⣿⢟⠛⣿⢿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣿⣯⣎⣠⣬⣼⣬⣤⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣬⣴⣤⣽⣤⣬⣧⣥⣨⣤⣽⣤⣯⣤⣿⣀⣿⣬⣥⣧⣤⣬⣼⣄⣵⣥⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⣿⡟⡻⠛⢙⠋⠛⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢛⢙⣿⡋⠟⠋⡻⡟⢻⡛⢋⡛⡟⠙⠻⠛⡏⡛⣻⡟⡛⠛⡛⠛⡻⡋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣧⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⡈⢝⠅⠉⡅⠍⠉⢽⡇⠅⣝⠉⣿⢠⡩⠉⠏⠉⡫⠈⠙⠨⡯⢹⡍⢽⡇⢘⠋⢸ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣿⡇⣢⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣀⣰⣇⣀⣀⣆⣄⣀⣺⣇⣃⣀⣀⣆⠀⣿⣠⣠⣀⣐⣀⣀⣀⣆⣸⣇⣂⣁⣐ ⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠛⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠻⠿⠟⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣿⣧⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣆⣴⣥⣤⣧⣧⣤⣽⣧⣧⣴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣼⣦⣴⣥⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⣿⡟⠙⡙⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠛⣏⠛⠙⠉⣿⠛⣹⠛⠻⠛⠙⠙⣟⠛⡋⠙⠙⠋⠋⡟⠙⡛⡙⠙⢋⠋⣉⢻⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠆⣿⣟⡁⣀⣀⣡⣈⢀⣁⣄⣸⣄⣤⣘⢈⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣐⣀⣈⣀⣈⣁⣠⣁⣸⣌⣐⣠⣡⣀⣀⠀⡇⣁⣎⣿⣤⣀⣀⡁⣠⣁⣠⡇⢸⣇⢃ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢿⡿⢸⡇⢘⡐⣀⢃⣇⣆⢒⡀⢸⣶⣇⢃⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⡛⣛⡇⣂⢹⢡⣦⢸⢨⡄⣥⣼⡇⡏⣴⣼⢡⡄⢫⡐⢼⢇⡇⣤⠈⣤⢹⢡⡄⠋⣤⡌⡇⣤⢸⡇⡇⣀⢹⡇⣤⢹⢡⡄⢸⠁⠀⡇⣤⣾⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣥⣼⣦⣵⣼⣼⣧⣿⣿⣧⣷⣬⣼⣦⣵⣷⣬⣼⣼⣧⣿⣤⣿⣼⣦⣴⣷⣬⣴⣧⣿⣼⣧⣧⣤⣼⣧⣿⣼⣦⣥⣼⣦⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣨⣀⣎⣸⣦⣣ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡯⠀⠞⠸⠀⢿⣠⡁⣂⢐⣅⣀⣀⣀⡀⢂⣀⣹⣐⣀⣨⣀⣀⣸⣰⣀⣢⣸⣇⣀⣂⣈⣠⣸⣅⣀⣆⣿⣠⣀⣁⣨⣂⣰⣀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢻⠟⠿⢟⢻⡛⠛⢛⡟⡙⠹⠻⠟⢻⢛⠹⣻⠻⠟⠟⣿⠟⠿⢻⡿⠻⠿⠻⢟⠿⢻⠻⢻⠟⠟⠻⠻⢟⡟⡻⡻⠟⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣥⣥⣬⣬⣥⣥⣤⣭⣬⣬⣬⣤⣥⣷⣧⣴⣤⣦⣾⣮⣴⣽⣤⣦⣤⣽⣮⣦⣶⣧⣥⣤⣤⣬⣤⣥⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣷⣴⣵⣤⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⢹⡫⠉⠛⠛⢹⠛⠋⠫⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢢⢀⢲⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⡆⠀⢀⠀⡀⢄⠀⠀⢰⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠊⠸⠘⠀⠄⠠⠀⠃⠇⠀⠀⠇⠎⠘⠀⠇⠸⠘⠄⠸⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⢻⠛⢛⣻⡟⠛⡛⢛⠋⡋⢻⠛⢛⣿⣙⠙⠻⢛⣟⡛⢟⣹⡟⡭⠟⢻⡛⡻⠙⣻⢹⢟⡋⠹⠛⢛⠋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣥⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣮⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠐⠨⠉⠩⢈⠉⠍⠩⢽⢇⡹⠈⢽⡍⠋⠹⣿⢈⣼⠉⡇⢩⡭⡉⠉⡍⠉⡏⢙⠭⠉⣻⢩⠉⡫⠉⠅⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⡇⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⣶⡶⠶⣶⣦⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⡇⠀⠛⠋⠀⠛⠛⠘⠛⠃⠙⠛⠃⠘⠛⠐⠀⠛⠃⠀⠛⠃⠃⠙⠛⠀⣿⡏⣉⣩⣉⣩⣹⣃⣈⣈⣉⣃⣀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣩⣉⣉⣩⣙⣉⣍⣉⣩⣭⣈⣩⣈⣉⣉⣈⡋⣩⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⡇⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣏⣁⣉⣙⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢉⣉⣈⣉⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣛⠈⡝⢩⠉⠋⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠿⣾⡾⢾⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⢸⠁⠀⠟⣉⠙⡟⢉⡉⠛⠙⡉⢻⠀⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⡉⠻⠉⡁⢸⠋⠉⠻⠉⣉⣿⡇⢰⣦⠈⡟⠉⠙⡍⢻⠉⣽⣿⠀⣿⣿⠏⣉⠙⡟⢉⠉⢹⣿⡛⠘⢐⣥⠀⣿⡏⢹⣿⡇ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⡀⣸⠀⣄⠙⢀⣆⡘⢃⣄⠀⡇⢸⠀⣇⠐⡀⠃⢸⡇⢠⡈⠃⢸⣀⠒⣰⠀⣿⣿⡇⠘⠋⣠⣇⠐⢀⣷⠈⢰⣿⣿⠀⠛⠛⣄⠙⢀⣇⠘⠀⢸⣿⠀⡄⣤⠛⠀⠛⡟⢻⣿⡇ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣑⣘⣘⣑⣃⣫⣅⣣⣁⣨⣏⣘⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 415 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/corporate-libreoffice/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/corporate-libreoffice/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Deleted_Post:_“LibreOffice_is_Becoming_Dominated_by_a_Bunch_of_Corporates, and_Has_no_Place_for_the_Enthusiastic_Amateur.”⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Office_Suites at 2:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Chris Sherlock⦈ Summary: Chris Sherlock, an insider of LibreOffice, cautions about the direction of this very important and widely used project The post “How to upset someone” has just been self-censored by Chris Sherlock, but it is important to see what he had to say (prior to the post’s disappearance): =============================================================================== Here is how you upset someone: - You write a set of unit tests to test the moving of some files into a better directory and a way better name – say for instance renaming ImplDeviceFontList to PhysicalFontFaceCollection - You tell that person that they used the wrong vim modeline, but then you say that you don’t know what a modeline is. But that’s what you do, and to be sure you do it on all the files you have touched to try to reduce the build churn - You order them to add sal/config.h – which is a convention you don’t know about – to source files. So you do this. Again, to reduce build churn you do it to all files you touch. - You add a header, so you regenerate the pch file. - As you are adding sal/config.h, as so ordered, you fix the include guards and use #pragma once A few other things you can do: - Advise them to rename a class from PrinterOptions to Options, but then you get blowback because you made that change – on their recommendation. - Tell them they aren’t careful with their patches, even though you spend hours and hours ensuring that they are tested and working as best you can. - Tell them, on numerous occasions, that they way that you reorders the VCL headers wasn’t correct – then remember you had already asked about this and realised that you said it was OK. You do all of these things because that is what you were told to do in the past. It’s not exactly easy to do this, as a lot of these things aren’t necessarily needed in that patch – but hey, that’s what you were told to do. Evidently, LO doesn’t want unit tests, and the changes I’m making to try to make the codebase easier to read aren’t needed. To hell with it. LibreOffice is becoming dominated by a bunch of corporates, and has no place for the enthusiastic amateur. Best of luck to LibreOffice! =============================================================================== This is worth documenting in light of the project selling_keynotes, manuals, and adopting_a_sort_of_'dual'_approach. It also issued a statement against RMS earlier this year, based on a campaign of slander (and the person who did this was incidentally inside OSI). █ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⣭⠽⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⡠⠴⠟⠋⠀⣀⠀⣄⣤⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡠⠶⠖⣁⣀⡄⠀⣶⣿⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣆⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢠⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⡍⡇⢀⣭⣿⣤⣶⢿⣿⣿⡿⠠⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢁⣀⣀⣀⠘⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣇⣷⠆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣅⣽⡗⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠂⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠈⣀⣀⣴⣶⣴⣌⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣦⣤⣄⡇⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣗⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣦⢼⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⡃⠁⠨⠛⡛⠻⢿⡿⢿⡟⣿⡿⠻⣿⠻⠋⠀⠁⠀⡐⣸⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣯⣀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠷⠴⠆⡢⠖⠉⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠷⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⣾⣭⡽⠷⣄⣸⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⠋⠁⠘⠋ ⡆⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣻⢿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣶⡆⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣰⣎⠀⠀⡆⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠁⠙⠛⠋⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⢠⢠⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢻⣿⣽⣿⣿⣧⠀⣯⡯⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠆⠂⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠂⢐⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢹⣿⡇⠀⢀⣠⣏⣥⡀⣼⣿⣯⣽⣽⡯⢯⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡀⢭⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣤⣠⣀⡀⢀⠀⠀⡄⠏⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀ ⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⡇⠀⣾⡿⠉⢻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠁⣌⢭⣟⠣⠀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣶⣿⣷⣟⠏⠀⢠⡷⣧⣶⡶⣦⠀⠀⣿⣇⡉⠃⠂⣩⣝⠛⡏⢿⢿⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⣿⠾⣻⣟⠻⠭⠃⠀⠀⠀⠁⠄⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⠛⣇⣃⡀⠻⡫⡃⢈⣙⣙⣛⢩⠤⠉⠛⠻⡗⠀⢀⡘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣣⢲⣤⠀⠈⢣⣤⣄⣤⣄⢀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⡰⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣸⠇⠒⠓⠊⠉⠉⠀⠀⣨⢀⣯⢅⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣷⠧⠤⠁⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⣛⠛⠁⠤ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢠⣇⣀⡁⠀⢀⠀⠆⠒⢠⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢻⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡦⣦⣻⣼⢝⢷⡆⠀⠠⡆⠀⠐⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⠿⠿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⡿⠟⠶⠂⠈⠀⠠⠓⣻⣟⠿⣮⠻⡘⣟⣋⠀⠃⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣩⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡀⠀⡈ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⠀⣰⣿⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠸⡅⡱⢁⢍⣈⣀⡂⠂⡀⠀⣁⢨⣍⣉⣉⣀⣠⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⢙⣄⠀⣸ ⣁⣀⡀⢰⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡦⣤⠐⢮⣷⣖⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡇⢀⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢀⣰⠀⠀⢀⣖⣛⣻⣿⡗⠂⣿ ⣽⣿⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⡀⠨⣿⣯⣽⣯⣿⣼⣠⣃⣘⢻⣽⣿⡿⢯⣻⡟⠃⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠒⠂⠀⠐⠦⣂⣀⣈⣙⣋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠛⠀⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⠂⢴⠆⣿⡿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⣟⠿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠋ ⣠⣀⣀⣀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠯⠁⠘⠚⢒⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣤⣭⣍⣭⢍⣉⣉⣉⠉⣉⠛⣛⣛⣀⡃⣸⡻⠿⠷⢿⠶⡚⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⡔⣦⣍⣉⠋⠸⠟⢹⡛⠛⣻⠟⠋⠟⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠡⠈⠐⠒⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠻⡟⠉⠃⠋⠋⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣛⠈⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣬⡡⡀⡐⣀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣧⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠉⢁⣁⠄⠀⣦⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠁⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠵⣾⡭⢩⢝⣅⡒⠢⠽⠎⠀⠐⠂⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 526 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-imaginary-board-28-dialogue/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-imaginary-board-28-dialogue/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_“Board_28”_Meeting:_Imaginary_Dialogue_Between_EPO_President_Campinos_and the_Chair_of_the_Administrative_Council,_Josef_Kratochvíl⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:28 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Board_28_E-meeting⦈_ When António_Campinos ‘met’ (webchat) Josef Kratochvíl. Zoom in or press the image if those fonts are too fine. Summary: The EPO‘s chaotic state, which persists after Benoît_Battistelli‘s departure, is a state of lawlessness and cover-up According to the official website of the EPO, the Board of the Administrative Council met_on_Thursday (warning: epo.org link), 16 September 2021. The Board of the Administrative Council – known as “Board 28″ after Article 28 of the EPC – is the_secretive_inner_circle_of_Council_delegates_who_prepare_the agenda_for_the_Council’s_quarterly_meetings. (warning: epo.org link) The meetings of “Board 28″ are also attended by the President of the Office. “The dialogue refers to the ongoing crisis triggered by the recent ILOAT judgments striking down Battistelli’s “Vichyite” Strike Regulations.”The cartoon tries to imagine the dialogue which might have taken place between EPO President Campinos and the Chair of the Administrative Council, Josef Kratochvíl, during the latest “Board 28″ meeting. The dialogue refers to the ongoing crisis triggered by the recent ILOAT judgments striking down Battistelli’s "Vichyite"_Strike_Regulations. These grossly unlawful regulations were rubber-stamped by the Council at its 136th meeting in June 2013. On that occasion 28 delegations voted in favour of Battistelli’s proposal and 7 abstained. This means that there were three delegations that were not present for the vote. “In the case of the Czech Republic, the head of delegation at the time was Josef Kratochvíl.”The absentee delegations were those from the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Liechtenstein. In the case of the Czech Republic, the head of delegation at the time was Josef Kratochvíl. For some unknown reason Kratochvíl missed the vote on the “Strike Regulations”. He obviously had more pressing matters to attend to than trying to safeguard the fundamental rights of EPO staff. The records of the HIPO claim that the head of delegation Miklós Bendzsel participated in the 136th meeting of the Administrative Council. However, this claim is contradicted by the official EPO minutes of the meeting which list the participating Hungarian representatives as Judit Hajdú and Johanna Stadler. “As in the case of the Czech delegation, the acting head of the Hungarian delegation (Judit Hadjú) was absent for the vote on Battistelli’s “Strike Regulations”.”In June 2013 Bendzel’s deputy Mihály Ficsor was off attending a diplomatic conference convened by the WIPO in Marrakech for signing a “Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled”. As in the case of the Czech delegation, the acting head of the Hungarian delegation (Judit Hadjú) was absent for the vote on Battistelli’s “Strike Regulations”. █ ⠀⢀⠀⣀⢀⣀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣉⡻⢿⡻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣦⣹⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⡿⠁⠉⢛⡿⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢇⠙⠁⣩⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⢀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣴⡇⠀⠀⠀⠐⢤⣈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⢦⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡍⡁ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⢟⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣙⣷⣦⣍⣉⣉⣉⣛⣛⣛⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠶⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠁⠉⠃ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢹⣿⠿⠿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢭⡀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄ ⣿⡧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠴⠀⠀⠑⠢⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇ ⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠐⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⠙⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠒⠐⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⠀⣀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣠⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⡛⢿⡛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣧⣹⡆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⡟⠁⠈⡘⠟⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢇⠉⠁⣩⠃⠀⠀⢄⡀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⢀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠷⠼⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣶⣬⣝⣛⣟⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⢢⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣭⡁ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠖⠀⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠉⠃ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢥⡄⠈⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡆ ⣿⡧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇ ⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣿⡆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 664 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-non-compliance-70-days/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/epo-non-compliance-70-days/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_70_Days_of_Non-Compliance⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:48 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_ears:_Campinos,_Kratochvíl,_ILO-AT⦈_ Summary: António_Campinos would rather fall on his sword than correct the errors or work to undo the damage caused by Team Battistelli, which is still at the EPO 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Willy_Minnoye⦈_ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠟⣿⣿⠃⠘⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠈⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠩⠐⠘⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠐⠚⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⣦⡀⣶⣶⠀⣶⣦⣶⣶⢰⣶⣦⣰⣶⢰⣦⣶⡆⣴⢶⣤⣠⡶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣠⣠⣀⣩⣭⣩⣭⣽ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣛⣳⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⠹⢷⣯⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣧⡿⢻⡿⢿⡇⣿⢸⡿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢸⣿⢸⡏⣿⡇⢿⣾⢟⡻⣧⡿⣻⣿⣿⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣉⣉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⡆⣶⢦⡄⣶⣦⠴⣶⠦⣴⢶⡍⣽⣷⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⡏⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⢆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣿⢿⣥⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⢸⡇⣿⣨⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣓⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⠀⠛⢛⣥⣛⣛⣽⣻⣟⠃⠛⠛⠘⠃⠛⠛⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢘⣿⣓⢄⣤⡄⣙⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣈⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⠈⣿⡿⠍⠙⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡏⣿⣸⢿⢿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣯⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠃⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡏⠚⠻⠿⣿⡿⠰⡄⠀⠀⢶⣄⣹⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣇⣀⣈⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣄⢿⣇⣿⢸⣿⣹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣄⣀⡀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣻⣿⣯⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣅⢹⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢉⣀⣂⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣥⡜⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣄⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣠⡸⠻⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢐⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣾⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢳⣄⠀⠀⢀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢣⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣽⣶⣤⣙⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡆⠀⠀⡀⣠⣿⡟⢿⠟⠁⣼⣿⡿⠁⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡻⣿⢧⣾⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⢳⣆⢰⣿⣿⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣾⣿⡋⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢹⣯⣤⣉⠱⣜⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢟⢿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⡏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿ ⠈⠻⢷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡀⠀⢧⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢻⣶ ⣦⣄⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⢡⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⢿⣿⢷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡏⠀⢀⣿⠃ ⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡦⣰⡔⢢⢔⡢⠐⢶⢆⡆⢀⢄⡄⣤⢠⠀⡤⢠⢀⡄⡄⠄⠂⢰⡄⢰⣒⢠⠒⠀⠐⡂⢀⠒⡖⢲⢰⢲⠀⢖⡆⣲⠀⠀⡆⣤⢠⢄⡄⡄⢤⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠟⠀⠀⠁⠙⠐⠊⠑⠊⢀⣼⣬⡇⠈⠂⠑⠃⠁⠁⠐⠈⠊⠑⠃⠀⠀⠘⠈⠘⠀⠈⠊⠀⠈⠀⠈⠄⠁⠀⣿⣿⣶⡟⠊⠚⠀⠑⢉⣟⠘⠈⠑⠋⠚⠀⠒⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣶⠶⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⣠⡋⣀⣠⣿⣿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⡰⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠐⣿⠗⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣔⣴⡄⢸⡄⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣷⣤⣏⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡰⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⠸⡇⠀⢹⣿⣷⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⡁⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⡟⠉⠉⠁⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠶⠛⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣶⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡟⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣸⣿⣿⡟⠙ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡟⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣷⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠟⢠⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⠏⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⣀⡀⠴⠛⠛⠻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⠏⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⢾⣶⣦⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠁⣀⡀⠠⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣉⠙⢻⡿⢡⣶⣸⣯⣿⣇⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⠋⣡⡟⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣿⣀⣤⣠⣤⣤⣶⡦⠰⠄⣠⣴⣿⣿⡇⡄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⡿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣁⣠⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀ ⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢠⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣉⣹⣯⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀ ⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢙⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢰⣾⣿⢹⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⢀⢷⡝⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣽⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⢋⠁⢀⡀⠐⣦⣄⣢⣿⣿⣿⢸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⣿⣿⠰⣆⡀⢀⣤⡿⠀⠀⠀⢸⠋⠛⠘⠀⠈⣗⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠏⠉⣄⣿⣿⡟⠛⡁⠀⡄⠀⠶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⡤⠄⠸⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠋⠸⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠐⠋⠹⠟⠀⢈⣵⣷⡇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠉⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠀⠀⠂⠀⢠⢾⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢰⡇⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠩⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠘⠛⢿⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠍⢃⣿⣷⠋⢀⣤⣿⣾⣷⡀⠀⢠⡴⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣾⡃⠀⠈⠉⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠁⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⡀⠀⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣾⠟⠋⠁⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁ ⢿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⣿⣿⣤⡄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉⣁⣀⣉⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⡆⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡤⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⠀⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⢉⣽⡏⠉⢰⣶⣰⠿⠿⢿⣿⠮⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⣀⡀⠘⢿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣆⡀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸ ⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢰⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⠃⢠⣴⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠙⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⣱⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠈⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣯⡅⠰⣶⣶⣤⣬⣙⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠵⠾⢷⣎⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠯⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⢸⣿⣦⡀⢀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣠⣶⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠙⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡆⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠾⠛⠚⠁⠀⢹⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣦⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 787 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/geminispace-git/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/geminispace-git/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ If_Git_Can_be_Done_Over_the_Command_Line_and_E-mail,_It_Can_Also_be_Done_Over Gemini_(Instead_of_Bloated_Web_Browsers)⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 12:14 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Gemini Man MM3: Keep it simple, Stupid⦈ Git and Gemini: An overlooked symbiotic relationship? Summary: In order to keep Git lean_and_mean whilst at the same time enabling mouse (mousing and clicking) navigation we encourage people everywhere to explore gemini:// Over the past year or so we’ve studied the internals or rather the requirements associated with Gitea, Gitlab, and some other Web-based interfaces for Git. Those turned out to be almost as bloated as Web browsers, hence overkill and potential pain to maintain. Of course outsourcing to SourceHut/Codeberg or GitHub is even worse as it’s not self-hosted and thus you’re at the mercy of someone else’s business model and personal objectives/politics. For what it’s worth, we did a similar assessment of video hosting platforms as well as self- hosted software; all of these were frustrating and inadequate, so we rolled out our own. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Git example⦈ A week ago we started working towards exposing our code, for the time being in read-only mode, as is typically the case (much of this stuff is Techrights-specific and we don’t anticipate much participation by outsiders). This may change to allow direct access over git:// (or rather ssh://), but for the time being we limit that to the “Keep it simple, stupid” (KISS) approach, which is gemini:// rather than anything “http” (a standards we increasingly abhor; as for https, it’s cementing monopolies and centralisation). “We’re not sure if we’re first to be doing Git over Gemini, but it’s perfectly possible.”Gemini isn’t good at everything (its handling of very large files, for instance, is rather poor), but the requirements for a Git front end are quite barebone/minimal (in Git everything is just text; yes, just like in E- mail). We’re not sure if we’re first to be doing_Git_over_Gemini, but it’s perfectly possible. There’s this_project which is a “Git remote helper to do basic cloning of repos from a Gemini server.” But that’s not the same. Either way, several people already explore these territories. And as it turns out, based on this_live_thread, mailing lists too can be done over Gemini (there are several examples [1, 2] and implementations already). We certainly hope that in the coming years gemini:// will be used for a lot more things, GNU/Linux distros will package Gemini clients (it’s easier when everything is in repositories), and mainstream media too will give gemini:/ / addresses. At the moment the protocol enjoys explosive growth, not only among computer geeks. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣇⣾⡇⣿⡿⠇⣿⡿⠗⣿⣿⣿⡆⡇⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣯⡏⣾⡟⣿⡄⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⡿⢇⣿⣯⣼⡟⣿⡆⢿⣿⡿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣷⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⡷⠆⣿⡿⠆⣿⣿⠿⢇⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡧⠛⢿⣦⡀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⡇⣿⣿⠿⠇⣿⡇⢸⣿⡷⢎⣿⡷⠘⠿⣷⡄⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠾⠟⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣇⣿⣷⣦⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⣇⢿⣧⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⡇⣿⣷⣞⣿⣷⣶⡆⣷⠻⣧⣿⠇⢸⣿⡇⡸⣿⣼⡿⢸⣿⢰⣷⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⡿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣬⣵⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣩⣫⣐⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢽⡩⠰⠉⢍⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡿⢆⠠⠨⠞⣿⣮⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⢤⣤⢠⡶⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡿⣿⣲⢼⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢑⡇⣿⢇⠀⠀⢸⡏⣿⢸⢐⡇⡟⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠛⢻⠟⠿⠿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣶⣿⣦⠀⠀⢀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠓⠒⠶⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢠⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⡏⠉⠀⠀⠸⢿⡏⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠈⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣼⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢠⠀⣀⢀⡀⠀⢠⠄⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⡄⢠⠀⣀⢀⡀⠀⢀⡀⣄⡀⡄⣀⣀⡀⢠⢀⡀⢀⠀⠁⠠⡄⢤⠀⠀⠁⢀⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠈⠛⠛⠋⠚⠘⠊⠛⠈⠁⠀⠘⠂⠓⠙⠛⠃⠃⠓⠘⠊⠘⠸⠇⠀⠘⠃⠛⠡⠇⠛⠋⠒⠘⠂⠛⠘⠀⠀⠐⠃⠓⠀⠂⠀⠘⠋⠓⠙⠘⠙⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⢲⣶⣶⡶⣲⢸⡢⣶⢰⡆⠀⢸⣉⣶⢶⣶⣖⣶⡖⢶⡆⣶⢰⡆⢷⢰⡦⣶⡆⠀⣖⢾⣲⢸⠰⣶⢔⡂⣗⢰⡆⠒⠀⠀⣹⢸⡿⣿⠿⣷⠀⠀⡇⢝⣇⡞⢼⡇⢸⠀⡀⠀⢰⣿⣖⢶⢲⢶⡆⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣠⡀⣀⢀⡀⠀⢠⡤⣀⣀⣄⣁⡠⡄⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⡄⢀⣄⣉⣠⡄⣠⣀⣀⠉⢠⣤⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣠⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⡄⢀⡄⣀⢠⡄⣤⢀⣀⠀⢠⣤⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠚⠘⠊⠛⠐⠃⠀⠈⠃⠛⠃⠓⠛⠃⠓⠀⠈⠛⠀⠀⠃⠙⠋⠛⠋⠓⠙⠚⠛⠀⠈⠚⠰⠃⠖⠀⠀⠃⠘⠃⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠚⠀⠈⠛⠀⠀⠃⠙⠋⠛⠈⠃⠙⠚⠛⠀⠘⠛⠰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⢴⡂⣷⡸⣇⣶⣶⣶⠀⢰⣶⣟⡆⣿⣶⡶⣖⢺⡂⣶⢐⡂⠀⢘⣇⣿⢿⣿⢿⡆⠀⢼⠠⣿⢰⠣⣿⠀⡇⢀⠀⠀⣾⣷⣲⡖⡶⣶⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⣶⣤⣭⣄⣤⣀⢀⣠⢀⣄⣤⣈⡉⢠⠄⡤⣠⣈⡅⣠⡀⠀⣠⡀⣀⠀⡤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣄⣀⣨⢀⣄⢀⣄⣤⢀⣀⠉⢀⣀⣠⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣧⣓⣘⣊⢉⠘⠂⠃⠘⠁⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠚⠸⠾⠘⠂⠓⠘⠀⠛⠘⠀⠉⠹⠿⠘⠂⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣶⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⢺⣲⣶⢰⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢠⡤⣶⢆⡀⣖⣶⡖⢸⡧⣶⡾⣇⣶⣦⠏⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⣗⣶⡆⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣄⣤⣤⣄⣄⣤⡄⠠⠀⡀⣀⣠⣤⣢⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⡆⢀⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⡿⣿⠟⠟⠝⡽⡟⠁⢀⡄⣀⢠⡄⣀⢀⣄⣠⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢠⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡟⢿⠻⠟⠓⠘⠟⠻⠛⠛⠻⠺⠇⠛⠉⠟⠰⠂⠀⠚⠃⠀⠛⠋⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠃⠘⠚⠚⠃⠋⠓⠸⠀⠉⠠⠇⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 907 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/irc-log-150921/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/irc-log-150921/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_September_15,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:49 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 150921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-150921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-150921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 150921.txt Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmUJmterBefsGRwbLSfe4i7woxQFstP7esdd4deXFX3zya #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmWxhaNUbCMDec4gkZSNGqCxdR2TMPV1i9qjDWaawecQJC (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUTXpUQogVg7JLjEsR4FdgZZCy3RAw9TiBTYmGM34LFeL social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmYCui6vrUbmmdoaVbEwwifq7nezoACF6bsLLxmB9wQDsM social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYco41VkQ9XevVWG17JD5DNMqeWagmGxDBxmPsyiU1885 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmfSxPG4aTGhA5kTReScNedwfC4R7RnaHhnUKCWytLERKc (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmS6LgbBjs2DaW8TWMQp5CuQYBm3JKRC3FhPtrh4XfnSwF #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmPgpYPHhoWPdViNiPPBsfWwYq4vuCUYnNJiCi2zfKSXWP (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmQacCjdmHDTi18CHZHhTZoQaq1qFiasj5iWoMZ8Fehf5q ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1036 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/16/microsoft-azure-bug-doors/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/16/microsoft-azure-bug-doors/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Microsoft_Azure_and_Back/Bug_Doors_in_GNU/Linux:_Fool_Me_Once_(Shame_on_You) /_Fool_Me_Twice_(Shame_on_Me)⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Security at 2:46 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Summary: “Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me,” goes the old saying… 2016: Microsoft_update_servers_left_all_Azure_RHEL_instances_hackable 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Microsoft update servers left all Azure RHEL instances hackable⦈ 5 years later: OMIGOD:_Azure_users_running_Linux_VMs_need_to_update_now Critical_Flaws_Discovered_in_Azure_App_That_Microsoft_Secretly_Installs_on Linux_VMs I’ve asked an associate whether it’s worth covering this latest “incident” and dub that a “back door”, based on what_is_generally_known_about_Microsoft’s policy_on_security (the real policy, not what they tell the public or say in hearings about “security”). “I think so,” the associate responded, “if it is done in the right way.” “This_post [from Christian Imhorst] frames it right,” he said, as “bug doors / back doors, it’s all the same [because] sufficiently advanced incompetence is indistinguishable from malice, and vice versa. Azure is there to ensure that gullible users don’t escape the surveillance of the Microsoft products.” ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⠘⠇⢸⢸⢋⣙⡏⡹⢋⡙⡏⠙⡟⣉⢛⢀⡁⣹⡏⢹⢹⠉⡉⠛⢙⢸⠋⠙⡁⡙⠉⢻⣿⠋⢙⠋⠙⡏⣋⢹⢋⠋⠙⡏⣛⠋⢙⣿⡇⡟⠙⠋⢀⢈⣿⡟⠙⡇⠀⢸⣿⠇⠈⣟⠉⣹⢹⠉⡏⡹⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣤⣼⣼⣼⣬⣥⣧⣷⣬⣤⣥⣤⣧⣭⣼⣼⣧⣽⣧⣬⣼⠀⣥⣦⣬⣼⣬⣤⣧⣥⣬⣽⣿⣤⣤⣤⣭⣧⣿⣦⣼⣤⣭⣧⣿⣤⣤⣿⣧⣧⣭⣧⣼⣬⣿⣤⣥⣥⣤⣼⣯⣴⣦⣬⣤⣽⣬⣤⣧⣷⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⢈⠁⡇⣭⡅⡇⠭⢽⠸⠿⢿⡇⠀⢰⢸⠄⠀⡆⠆⠀⠸⢠⡄⡇⠦⠅⠀⠨⠀⢸⣿⠀⡆⠁⠀⠈⠰⢼⢈⠰⠃⠀⠇⠴⢸⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⣭⡌⠂⠇⡳⢬⢰⢸⡇⠆⣷⡱⢞⢰⢀⠀⡅⡆⠂⡳⢼⢿⣷⠰⠁⠂⣧⣾⣛⠰⠐⠠⠀⡶⠑⢸⢰⣷⠰⠁⠂⢟⠰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⠻⡿⣟⡻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢛⠿⢿⠟⢻⠛⠛⣿⢻⠿⢿⢿⡛⠛⡟⡟⣿⠿⢻⢛⢟⠿⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣿⣛⣛⢻⣿⣿⡟⢻⠿⡟⠟⡛⠛⣻⠛⢻⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣵⣼⣧⣶⣥⣦⣮⣿⣾⣼⣯⣤⣴⣾⣬⣦⣿⣧⣮⣦⣿⣬⣤⣥⣯⣾⣤⣼⣦⣮⣾⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧⣽⣌⣥⣼⣿⣿⣧⣵⣶⣴⣦⣦⣬⣽⣷⣾⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⡟⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⡿⠿⢿⡟⠻⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠻⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠟⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣴⣤⣬⣤⣥⣤⣬⣤⣼⣷⣤⣤⣤⣇⣥⣤⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣯⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣥⣤⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣧⣥⣥⣬⣤⣥⣧⣤⣤⣨⣤⣤⣤⣽⣤⣽⣧⣥⣥⣤⣧⣥⣼⣥⣼⣦⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⠋⢹⡟⢹⢛⢻⢛⠛⢿⠩⠙⠻⠋⣿⠹⠙⠛⣻⢩⡝⡛⡛⠛⡛⡛⡋⠛⠛⢿⢹⡟⡛⢻⠛⣻⢫⠩⡉⠏⣯⣽⣿⣹⡟⠛⠛⣛⠛⣟⠛⡛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣧⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣮⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣼⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡏⡉⠋⢉⠙⠙⠋⠋⠫⢻⠫⢋⠙⡍⠉⡙⠝⠋⢋⡏⣏⠋⣽⡏⡍⠹⠋⢉⢿⡏⠋⠻⠉⡝⠉⣏⢉⠙⠝⡏⡙⡙⠋⠛⢹⡟⠙⢉⠛⠋⢻⣏⠋⠟⠹⠉⠉⡝⠉⡿⡙⡟⠙⠙⠋⢻⠉⡫⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡿⢾⣶⣿⠶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⡶⡿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⡷⣷⣶⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⡶⢿⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣶⡾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⢷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣇⣅⣨⣽⣈⣟⣻⣇⣦⣈⣈⠀⣁⣹⣈⣎⣸⣇⣁⣉⣊⣈⣎⣀⣑⣠⣸⣣⣘⣰⣀⣷⣀⣿⣇⣂⣘⣀⣀⣎⠀⣷⣀⣜⣌⣸⡇⣀⣔⣈⣊⣈⣀⣁⣻⣀⣁⣹⣰⣁⣀⣊⣊⣀⣑⣸⣁⣣⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⡟⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠻⢿⡟⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠻⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢛⠟⡛⡿⡟⡿⡛⡿⡿⠟⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⡟⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣤⣤⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣥⣤⣿⣤⣬⣼⣄⣥⣽⣴⣬⣤⣥⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣤⣽⣤⣿⣧⣤⣼⣧⣤⣧⣤⣥⣥⣼⣼⣄⣸⣥⣴⣤⣬⣿⣴⣤⣶⣧⣤⣧⣶⣤⣤⣥⣬⣤⣀⣤⣼⣷⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⡛⡻⠛⢛⠛⠙⡻⠛⡏⡻⠛⠉⢛⢹⢙⢟⠛⠛⣻⠙⡛⠙⠛⡛⢛⠟⠛⡻⡛⢛⣿⠋⡻⠛⢻⡟⠋⠙⡛⠟⠟⢻⡟⠛⣛⠛⢛⠛⡛⠛⡛⢻⡛⠛⣟⠉⠛⢟⢹⠛⢿⢹⠙⡻⠛⢛⡏⠍⡟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⡃⠉⠩⣇⠟⡩⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⡟⡈⠩⠉⠅⠘⠉⠉⠫⠍⠉⢹⡟⡉⢨⠙⠭⢨⣿⠉⠝⠭⠉⠍⠉⠉⣿⢐⠀⠲⠔⢰⢰⡟⡈⢗⣸⠏⢹⠩⠙⡉⠙⣽⣟⣱⣶⡆⡆⣂⠇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⣬⣈⢎⡉⣼⡇⢠⡁⠁⡆⢹⡗⢊⠉⣴⡈⣹⣤⠈⡸⡉⢈⠆⡏⠘⡇⢘⠌⡁⢈⠣⠉⢈⠈⣿⡡⠁⢈⠈⠀⡁⡁⢸⣇⣬⣌⢈⠈⠁⢣⡑⡁⡀⢨⢀⠛⣿⡇⡆⡀⡁⡱⢸⣯⣍⠈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⡟⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣿⢿⢿⡟⡻⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣡⣘⣄⣤⣌⣠⣸⣧⣼⣤⣬⣢⣤⣤⣦⣥⣠⣤⣧⣤⣠⣸⣇⣤⣕⣠⣿⣦⣥⣦⣄⣿⣠⣼⣼⣤⣼⣿⣴⣍⣢⣥⣤⣠⣧⣦⣷⣾⣐⣏⣻⣧⣤⣠⣤⣤⣄⣭⣧⣄⣤⣌⣼⣄⣜⣤⣦⣅⣤⣼⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⢙⠟⢻⣟⢙⢿⠋⠿⠛⡻⡛⢛⠟⡛⠛⣻⢛⠻⡛⢻⢟⢹⣟⠛⡟⠻⡋⡏⡻⠛⠟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡏⡍⢻⠋⠙⢟⡟⠛⡛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⡋⡟⣛⠛⡛⢹⢙⠛⢛⠛⢹⢛⢛⠛⡋⡏⢛⠛⠟⡛⠋⣿⠉⡏⡛⠛⢟⢹⢙⢛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⡟⠛⠛⠛⣛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠻⡟⢻⡛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣮⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡏⢍⠍⠉⠉⡉⣉⠉⣩⠁⣿⠉⠹⠁⢨⡉⠉⣍⠀⠩⠩⠁⠈⢍⡉⢿⣷⣶⡍⠈⢹⡯⠁⠈⢍⢉⠉⢉⠅⡇⡍⠈⣭⢹⢈⢍⡏⠉⠍⠉⠉⡉⠉⢹⡯⢹⡯⡉⠉⢍⠈⠉⣩⠉⢽⡇⠉⡩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣷⣿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣷⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠀ ⣿⣇⣠⣣⣤⣀⣔⣄⣀⣴⣇⣀⣀⣘⣼⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣴⣸⣤⣠⣆⣠⣢⣆⣇⣇⣠⣊⣀⣷⣠⣠⣀⣿⣔⣄⢀⣠⣇⣀⣄⣔⣸⣄⣜⣄⣶⣦⣀⣜⣀⣔⣀⣠⣣⣄⣷⣆⣄⣠⣸⣇⣄⣝⣄⣦⢂⣧⣀⣤⣀⣾⣿⠀ ⣿⡟⢻⡟⢻⠛⠛⣿⡟⠟⠻⠛⠛⠻⠻⠛⢛⠛⡟⡛⠻⢻⢻⢟⠛⠟⠟⠛⡛⠻⡛⡟⣻⠛⢻⠟⠟⠛⡛⠛⠛⡿⠻⠛⡛⠛⠛⡟⠛⣿⠛⠟⢟⠟⠻⠻⠻⡟⢟⢿⠛⠻⠟⣿⠻⡻⡟⢛⡟⠟⠟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣧⣾⣷⣴⣦⣦⣽⣧⣶⣴⣧⣴⣷⣴⣴⣶⣴⣷⣼⣶⣤⣼⣬⣴⣦⣤⣷⣤⣶⣵⣧⣯⣶⣾⣶⣤⣴⣿⣤⣼⣷⣵⣤⣧⣶⣾⣼⣤⣿⣴⣦⣦⣦⣶⣴⣵⣷⣮⣾⣶⣧⣦⣿⣶⣴⣤⣼⣧⣧⣦⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⡃⠋⠩⡇⠿⠩⠉⠝⠉⠉⠙⡟⡈⠩⠋⠍⠹⠙⠉⠫⠋⠙⢹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡇⠆⠹⠁⢈⢫⡏⠉⠩⢉⠉⣟⠉⠀⡟⣈⠍⠽⠉⡍⢹⣇⡸⢨⠀⠤⠸⢿⠈⣭⠉⠉⠍⠉⠍⢹⠉⢩⠉⣻⠩⠩⣩⠁⣌⠍⠹⢩⠉⡫⢸⡍⢉⠀⢨⡫⠉⠏⢸⡱⢺⢐⡄⠖⣯⢋⠉⠁⡩⠈⠩⢝⠉⣩⢹⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣇⣂⣦⣀⣔⣤⣂⣸⣷⣀⣄⣄⣀⣆⣀⣆⢂⣇⣂⣸⣇⣄⣔⣄⣁⣕⣸⣐⣀⣀⣢⣀⢀⣜⣇⣶⣀⣀⣠⣢⣔⣀⣃⣀⡇⣢⣀⣔⣤⣀⣀⢂⣀⣿⣀⣗⣀⣨⣂⣠⣠⣀⣧⣢⣀⣿⣀⣦⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢻⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠟⣻⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠻⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡿⠇⠐⠀⠀⠈⠃⠈⠀⠘⠂⠀⠛⠐⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠈⠂⠀⠁⠀⠐⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1140 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_16/9/2021:_KStars_3.5.5_and_Chafa_1.8⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 9:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_922⠀⇛ iron maiden, tech support woes, printers o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_kernel_minimum_compiler_raised_to_GCC_5.1,_allowing potential_C11_use⠀⇛ Linux creator and maintainer Linus Torvalds has merged a late change to the forthcoming 5.15 kernel code that raises the minimum compiler from GCC 4.9 to 5.1 – which may in future enable use of an updated version of the C programming language, C11. Previously, the minimum version of GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) was 4.9, for which the first release arrived in 2014. The change to 5.1 was proposed by Google’s Nick Desaulniers, who works on compiling the kernel with Clang, to simplify code required to work around errors caused by missing compiler features. “Raising the minimum supported versions allows us to remove all of the fallback helpers for !COMPILER_HAS_GENERIC_BUILTIN_OVERFLOW, instead dispatching the compiler builtins,” he explained. # ⚓ #heiseshow:_30_years_of_Linux_–_an_unusual_success_story⠀⇛ Linux celebrates its 30th birthday: On September 17, 1991, Linus Torvalds put the first version of his operating system kernel online, a good four weeks after he had made his work on it public. To this day, the free operating system has become one of the most important pillars in the software world. Torvalds still has the development firmly under control and, thanks to some peculiarities of Linux, can fall back on an impressive arsenal of helpers who keep adding new features. At the same time, everything runs as predictable as clockwork. Meanwhile, the size of the kernel continues to grow. In a new episode of the #heiseshow we talk to our expert Thorsten Leemhuis about the importance of Linux and how it will continue in the foreseeable future. # ⚓ What’s_New_in_Linux_Kernel_5.14:_8_Major_Improvements⠀⇛ Linux kernel 5.14 has been released with a plethora of new features, including core scheduling and support for Raspberry Pi 400. We often refer to Linux as an operating system, but really, it’s just the kernel. And said kernel has reached version 5.14, expanding what hardware you can now power with free and open-source software and the things you can do on said devices. As often happens, this release removes tens of thousands of lines of code, this time by dropping legacy IDE support. Nonetheless, this kernel still contains more lines of code than the last due to all of the additions. Here are some of the highlights… # ⚓ More_IOPS_with_BIO_caching⠀⇛ Once upon a time, block storage devices were slow, to the point that they often limited the speed of the system as a whole. A great deal of effort went into carefully ordering requests to get the best performance out of the storage device; achieving that goal was well worth expending some CPU time. But then storage devices got much faster and the equation changed. Fancy I/O-scheduling mechanisms have fallen by the wayside and effort is now focused on optimizing code so that the CPU can keep up with its storage. A block-layer change that was merged for the 5.15 kernel shows the kinds of tradeoffs that must be made to get the best performance from current hardware. Within the block layer, an I/O operation is represented by struct bio; an instance of this structure is usually just called a “BIO”. Contained within a BIO are a pointer to the relevant block device, a description of the buffer(s) to be transferred, a pointer to a function to call when the operation completes, and a surprising amount of ancillary information. A BIO must be allocated, managed, and eventually freed for every I/ O operation executed by the system. Given that a large, busy system with fast block devices can generate millions of I/O operations per second (IOPS), huge numbers of BIOs will be going through this life cycle in a constant stream. # ⚓ Not-so-anonymous_virtual_memory_areas⠀⇛ Computing terminology can be counterintuitive at times, but even a longtime participant in the industry may have to look twice at the notion of named anonymous memory. That, however, is just the concept that this patch set posted by Suren Baghdasaryan proposes to add. There are, it seems, developers who find the idea useful enough to not only overcome the initial cognitive dissonance that comes with it, but also to resurrect an eight-year- old patch to get it into the kernel. Memory used by user space is divided into two broad categories: file-backed and anonymous. A file- backed page of memory has a direct correspondence to a page in a file in persistent storage; when the page is clean, its contents are identical to what is found on disk. An anonymous page, instead, is not associated with a file in the filesystem; these pages hold a process’s data areas, stacks, and so on. If an anonymous page must be written to persistent storage (to reclaim the page for another user, usually), space must be allocated in the swap area to hold its contents. Whether a given process’s memory use is dominated by file-backed or anonymous pages varies from one workload to the next. In many cases, the bulk of a process’s pages will be anonymous; this, it seems, is more likely in workloads with a lot of cloud- computing clients, which tend not to use many local files. Android devices are one place where this sort of behavior can be found. If one is trying to optimize the memory usage of such a workload, anonymous pages can pose a challenge; since the pages are anonymous, with no information about how they were created, it is difficult to know what any given anonymous page is being used for. # ⚓ 5.15_Merge_window,_part_1⠀⇛ As of this writing, 3,440 non-merge changesets have been pulled into the mainline repository for the 5.15 development cycle. A mere 3,440 patches may seem like a slow start, but those patches are densely populated with significant new features. Read on for a look at what the first part of the 5.15 merge window has brought. # ⚓ Early_Patches_Bring_BPF_To_The_Linux_Scheduler_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The latest area where BPF is looking to expand within the Linux kernel is its CFS scheduler. Roman Gushchin of Facebook published an initial patch series for providing initial BPF support within the Linux CFS scheduler as a way for external code to safely alter select kernel decisions. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Chafa_1.8:_Terminal_graphics_with_a_side_of_everything⠀⇛ The Chafa changelog was growing long again, owing to about half a year’s worth of slow accretion. Hence, a release. Here’s some stuff that happened. High-end protocols With existing choices of the old text mode standby and its friend, the most unreasonably efficient sixel encoder known to man, I threw Kitty and iTerm2 on the pile, bringing our total number of output formats to four. I think that’s all the terminal graphics anyone could want (unless you want ReGIS; in which case, tough tty). Moar terminals Modern terminal emulators are generally less fickle than their pre-y2k ancestors. However, sometimes it takes a little sleuthing to figure out which extended features might be hiding behind e.g. some mysterious xterm-256color façade so we can do the right thing. [...] Chafa’s supported this kind of output for a long time (-c none –symbols braille), but in some circumstances it could replace cells having identical foreground and background colors with a hardcoded U+0020 as an optimization. This could result in inconsistent spacing, making braille (and probably other symbol combinations) less useful. Fortunately the issue is now a thing of the past; the latest version will instead use a visually blank symbol from the user’s symbol set, falling back to the lowest-coverage symbol it can find. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ The_alias_Linux_Command⠀⇛ Hello friends. Using the Linux terminal is not as complex as many would have us believe. But sometimes we indeed have to get used to it a little bit. On the other hand, many Linux professionals use the terminal on a fairly continuous basis and require some kind of help. Today we are going to talk about the alias command with which you can adapt the terminal to you and your workflow a bit more. # ⚓ How_to_Force_fsck_on_Reboot⠀⇛ Fsck command is used to check filesystem consistency in Linux and Unix-like operating systems. On the system, fsck runs either automatically or manually. The filesystem shouldn’t be mounted while running the fsck. We can force fsck to run on reboot for both root and non-root filesystems. # ⚓ How_to_install_RPG_Maker_XP_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install RPG Maker XP on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ Add_Raspberry_Pi_repository_in_Ubuntu_–_blackMORE_Ops⠀⇛ I installed Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server on my Raspberry Pi 4 8 GB and needed to install raspi-config. raspi-config is a simple (if long and involved) shell script to configure Pi hardware and Raspbian settings. It is just a front end to the underlying system commands. Found that I need to add Raspberry Pi repository in Ubuntu. In Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, /etc/debian_version is bullseye/sid, so it seems to be based on bullseye (Debian 11.0). Since http:// archive.raspberrypi.org/ does not have bullseye, I initially chose buster. Then I changed that to bullseye. # ⚓ How_to_Create_a_Large_1GB_or_10GB_File_in_Linux⠀⇛ Before we dive into the procedural steps needed to create large files in a Linux operating system environment, we must answer the WHY before we dwell on the HOW. WHY create large files on a Linux operating system environment? Afterward, HOW do you create large files on a Linux operating system environment? o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KStars_v3.5.5_Released!⠀⇛ KStars v3.5.5 is released on September 16th for Windows, MacOS, and Linux. This release includes a number of new features and bug fixes. Let’s start with the highly successful Google Summer of Code project: KStars Deep-Sky- Objects Overhaul by Valentin Boettcher. This is mostly backend plumping and refactoring to enable KStars to process very large DSO catalogs without impacting memory or processor utilization. This required the development of a new Python-based catalog generator that consolidates and de-duplicates deep sky catalogs in a form usable by KStars. # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.23_“25th_Anniversary_Edition”_Enters Public_Beta_Testing,_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛ Since KDE Plasma 5.23 will be released in celebration of the project’s 25th anniversary, it’s obvious that it will be a great release that introduces better support for the next-generation Wayland display server, making Plasma desktop more stable, faster, and reliable. The Plasma Wayland improvements include the middle-click paste and drag and drop items between native Wayland and XWayland apps, the ability to adjust the Intel GPU driver’s Broadcast RGB settings, the ability to change the screen resolution when run in a virtual machine, and better touchpad gestures. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fueling_automotive_innovation_through_open_source collaboration⠀⇛ Technology is moving at warp speed and major technology trends, such as personalization and mobile connectivity, are impacting multiple industries. Today’s announcement from Arm is just one example. It’s no secret that digital transformation happens faster in some industries, such as mobile and gaming, than others, such as automotive and manufacturing. Faster advancements are often attributed to the adoption of a modernized infrastructure platform and cloud-native technology. At Red Hat, we see a tremendous opportunity to help the industries that have not benefited as much from digital transformation to accelerate innovation. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Home_Assistant_Amber_–_A_Raspberry_Pi_CM4_based_automation gateway_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ The team being the popular Home Assistant open- source home automation framework has just launched their second hardware with Home Assistant Amber automation gateway based on Raspberry Pi CM4 module. This follows last year’s ODROID-N2+ based Home Assistant Blue which was a limited edition and has now been discontinued, albeit still supported. The carrier board for Home Assistant Amber is designed from scratch and notably includes Silicon Labs MGM210P Mighty Gecko Module with support for Zigbee 3.0, OpenThread, and Matter (Soon), as well as M.2 socket that can take an NVMe SSD, or an AI accelerator card. # ⚓ $150_“Qux”_gadget_sure_looks_a_lot_like_this_generic_Linux TV_box_that_wholesalers_list_for_$15_|_Boing_Boing⠀⇛ The Qux looks different in each marketing photo and render on the Indiegogo page—rarely a happy sign—but closely resembles a generic linux TV streaming box that you can buy wholesale from the factory. This listing has it at $4.90 a box, but the wording implies that this is just for a sample. If you want to buy lots for resale or customization, try $15.50 a box. # ⚓ Foot_pressure_sensors_detect_Parkinson’s_disease⠀⇛ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Excellent_Free_Tutorials_to_Learn_Arduino⠀⇛ The Arduino is an inexpensive, flexible, open source microcontroller platform designed to make it easy for hobbyists to use electronics in homemade projects. With an almost unlimited range of input and output add-ons, sensors, indicators, displays, motors, and more, the Arduino offers you many ways to create devices that interact with the world around you. Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards or breadboards (shields) and other circuits. Use an Arduino to make robots, remote controlled cars, 3D printers, video games, home automation systems, and much more. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Motorola’s_latest_budget_smartphone_Moto_E20_with Android_11_Go_launched:_Price,_specifications _– Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_One_UI_4_(Android_12):_Release_date,_eligible phones,_changelog,_new_features,_and_more_|_Android Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ LG_Android_11_update_(LG_UX_10)_list_of_eligible devices_&_release_date⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Free_Cryptocurrency_Apps_On_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Notes_Android_application_is_now_free_instead_of $2.99_|_NextPit⠀⇛ # ⚓ Snapchat_Dark_mode_for_Android_phones:_Here’s_how_to get_the_feature⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_Best_Apps_for_Students:_Make_Study_Easier_and Interesting⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_OsmAnd+_Maps,_more –_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_tests_new_Android_Auto_UI_for_easier multitasking_on_small_screens_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Chrome_for_Android_will_soon_add_a_permanent_desktop mode_toggle⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_local_app_search_in_Android_12_|_Android Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Beta_5_survey_is_now_open_for_Pixel_owners –_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ JLT_launches_new_rugged_vehicle-mount_computer_with Android™_operating_system⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_access_and_use_Smart_Lock_in_Android_–_H2S Media⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Get_Rid_of_Ads_in_Android_While_browsing Internet_–_H2S_Media⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Minecraft_shaders_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Trade_In_or_Sell_Your_Android_Phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lenovo_Yoga_Tab_13_review:_Redesigning_the_premium Android_tablet⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pixel_6′s_Google_Tensor_could_be_fastest_chip_for Android_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ QOTD:_Is_Factory_Navigation_Still_Relevant_In_The_Age Of_Android_Auto_And_Apple_CarPlay?_|_Carscoops⠀⇛ # ⚓ PinePhone_Specs⠀⇛ The PinePhone is a smartphone from Pine64 designed as an affordable device capable of running free and open source operating systems including postmarketOS, UBports Ubuntu Touch, Sailfish, Mobian, and Manjaro. While it has entry-level hardware, it also has some features that are uncommon on modern smartphones, including a removable battery (which can be replaced with any Samsung J7 form factor battery) and hardware kill switches that can disable the mic, cameras, or wireless features of the phone when you need more privacy. Aimed at developers and early adopters, the PinePhone is not generally available year- round, but Pine64 makes limited quantities available in batches several times per. You can find more details in the spec table blow, or check out Pine64’s PinePhone website and Wiki. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSS_for_amateur_radio⠀⇛ Amateur (“ham”) radio operators have been experimenting with ways to use computers in their hobby since PCs became widely available—perhaps even before then. While many people picture hams either talking into a microphone or tapping a telegraph key, many hams now type on a keyboard or even click buttons on a computer screen to make contacts. Even hams who still prefer to talk or use Morse code may still use computers for some things, such as logging contacts or predicting radio conditions. While most hams use Windows, there is no shortage of ham radio software for Linux. Utilities HamClock, as its name implies, has a primary function as a clock, but it has several other features as well. It shows a world map, and the user can click anywhere on the map to see the current time and weather conditions at that location. It also shows radio-propagation predictions, which indicate the probability that a ham’s signals will be received at any particular location on Earth. These predictions are available in numerical form and as map overlays. In addition to propagation predictions, HamClock provides graphs and images indicating solar activity such as sunspots, which strongly affect radio propagation. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl_Monthly_Report_–_August⠀⇛ Well, right from day one, I have been getting to work on something I never worked on before. To be honest with you, I was expecting to fight with good old CGI ridden code mostly. I find myself lucky to have such a great supporting team. Right now I am playing with Elastic Search and I am enjoying it. Thanks to CPAN for such a cool library, Search::Elasticsearch. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Applying_PEP_8⠀⇛ Two recent threads on the python-ideas mailing list have overlapped to a certain extent; both referred to Python’s style guide, but the discussion indicates that the advice in it may have been stretched further than intended. PEP 8 (“Style Guide for Python Code”) is the longstanding set of guidelines and suggestions for code that is going into the standard library, but the “rules” in the PEP have been applied in settings and tools well outside of that realm. There may be reasons to update the PEP—some unrelated work of that nature is ongoing, in fact—but Pythonistas need to remember that the suggestions in it are not carved in stone. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_in_Rust_408⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The_Resilience_of_India_Walton⠀⇛ India Walton agreed to meet me at Hansa, the bustling year-old coworking space in downtown Buffalo, N.Y., where her campaign office is located. Once a warehouse used to store truck parts, the 32,000-square-foot, two-story, glass-and-brick building is now bright, airy, and filled with green plants and eager young professionals. A few minutes after I arrived, Walton returned from a previous engagement; her phone pressed to her ear. A 39-year-old Black woman with a youthful face and close-cropped hair, she wore a striking deep-green dress with silver-and-gold summer sandals. o ⚓ A_perfect_storm_for_container_shipping⠀⇛ Trains, planes and lorries can only do so much, especially when it comes to shifting goods half-way around the planet. Container ships lug around a quarter of the world’s traded goods by volume and three-fifths by value. The choice is often between paying up and suffering delays at ports stretched to capacity, or not importing at all. Globally 8m TEUs (20-foot-equivalent units) are in port or waiting to be unloaded, up by 10% year-on-year. At the end of August over 40 container ships were anchored off Los Angeles and Long Beach. These serve as car parks for containers, says Eleanor Hadland of Drewry, a shipping consultancy, in order to avoid clogging ports that in turn lack trains or lorries to shift goods to warehouses that are already full. The “pinch point”, she adds, “is the entire chain”. For years container shipping kept supply chains running and globalisation humming. With shops’ shelves fully stocked and products from the other side of the world turning up promptly on customers’ doorsteps, the industry drew barely any outside attention. Shipping was “so cheap that it was almost immaterial”, says David Kerstens of Jefferies, a bank. But now, as disruption heaps upon disruption, the metal boxes are losing their reputation for low prices and reliability. Few experts think things will get better before early next year. The prolonged dislocation could even hasten a reordering of global trade. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Case_for_Legalizing_Psychedelics⠀⇛ This movement may cause many boomers to smirk as they conjure up memories of Dr. Timothy Leary, the iconic advocate for using psychedelics. He coined the phrase, “Turn on, tune in, drop out.” Such skepticism also greeted the advocacy for legalizing marijuana, renamed more accurately as cannabis. In the sixties, it was unthinkable that possessing cannabis would be legal. Fifty years ago, the jails were filled with Black citizens for smoking cannabis. Even in liberal California, after forty years of anti-cannabis laws, Black people were imprisoned ten times more often for possessing marijuana than other racial groups. As recently as 2010, cannabis arrests accounted for 52 percent of all drug arrests. Nearly eight million people were arrested on pot charges from 2000 to 2010, with cannabis arrests accounting for 52 percent of all drug arrests. And 88 percent of those arrests were for simple possession. # ⚓ Global_Vaccine_Inequity_Could_Make_Migration_Harder_Than Ever⠀⇛ Despite the fact that the coronavirus is still rapidly spreading across the United States, a semblance of pre-pandemic life has returned. Similar scenes of everyday life can also be seen across Europe, which has caught up to the US in terms of vaccinations and has done a better job of controlling the spread of the virus. What has not returned to its (already abysmal) normal, but instead has gotten worse, are the draconian restrictions nations are imposing on migrants and refugees across the world, using the pandemic as a pretext to keep them out of new homes where they might find safety. As the West debates the merits of using vaccine passports domestically, we are overlooking the ways in which the pandemic and global vaccine inequity are further restricting the movement of migrants and asylum seekers globally. # ⚓ Opinion_|_664,000:_In_America,_Fucking_Remember⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Lack_of_Trusted_Authority_Is_Why_Covid-19_Is Kicking_Our_Butts⠀⇛ We have faced tough times before. # ⚓ Big_Pharma_Secrets_Revealed_as_Group_Uncovers_Portion_of Pfizer_Vaccine_Recipe⠀⇛ While combing through a leaked contract published earlier this year by an Italian broadcaster, the U.S.-based consumer advocacy group Public Citizen identified a component of Pfizer-BioNTech’s secretive coronavirus vaccine recipe—a discovery that could help manufacturers around the world replicate the lifesaving shot. “This info can help mRNA vaccine scientists by illustrating the kinds of requirements they need to meet critical quality standards.”—Zain Rizvi, Public Citizen # ⚓ Pharma-Funded_Democrats_Are_Opposing_a_Crucial_Drug-Pricing Plan⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Call_Them_Now’:_Ire_Aimed_at_3_Democrats_Endangering_Plan to_Lower_Drug_Prices⠀⇛ Update: The House Energy and Commerce Committee on Wednesday failed to adopt Democrats’ plan to let Medicare broadly negotiate prescription drug prices after three Democrats—Reps. Kathleen Rice of New York, Kurt Schrader of Oregon, and Scott Peters of California—voted no. # ⚓ Over_Half_of_States_Have_Rolled_Back_Public_Health_Powers During_Pandemic⠀⇛ # ⚓ 1_in_500_Americans_Has_Died_From_COVID,_New_Analysis Shows⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_US_Media_Misrepresent_the_Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology’s Laboratories_and_Safety_Protocols⠀⇛ Editor’s Note | We recognize that COVID-19 coverage can inflame passions and is prone to controversy. In the past, MintPress News has published varying viewpoints on the topic (including ones that stand in contrast to those represented in the following article). We strive to provide well-researched articles representing a diversity of views to our readers in the interest of fostering healthy discussion in the public interest. # ⚓ Astroturf_and_think_tanks_manufacturing_doubt_about_COVID- 19_public_health_interventions⠀⇛ This particular topic serves as an excellent followup to my post from Monday about how the Republican Party has now gone completely over to the Dark Side and undeniably become the antivaccine party. I didn’t plan it this way. However, in a nice bit of timing, late Monday The BMJ published an op-ed by Gavin Yamey, Professor of Global Health and Public Policy, Duke University; Director, Center for Policy Impact in Global Health, Duke Global Health Institute, and a certain author who should be familiar to readers of this blog. It’s entitled Covid-19 and the new merchants of doubt, and it’s about how certain right wing think tanks and astroturf groups have done their best to cast doubt on the science behind public health interventions being employed by governments to slow the spread of COVID-19 and mitigate the damage from it. Some readers might view it as shameless self- promotion for me to write about this op-ed, but what is a personal blog for, if not for the occasional lapse into shameless self-promotion, particularly when it fits in so well with a recent post on a related topic? # ⚓ A_Boy_Went_to_a_COVID-Swamped_ER._He_Waited_for_Hours._Then His_Appendix_Burst.⠀⇛ What first struck Nathaniel Osborn when he and his wife took their son, Seth, to the emergency room this summer was how packed the waiting room was for a Wednesday at 1 p.m. The Florida hospital’s emergency room was so crowded there weren’t enough chairs for the family to all sit as they waited. And waited. # ⚓ Why_I_decided_to_build_my_own_vaccine_booking_search_engine instead_of_using_the_Government’s_one⠀⇛ We’re about to reach 200 days into the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Australia. This month is expected to be huge for vaccinations, with weekly supplies of Pfizer vaccine in the millions and Moderna vaccines arriving later in the month. Despite this, the official Government COVID-19 vaccine eligibility checker and “Vaccine Clinic Finder” continues to have significant data challenges resulting in a poor user experience. While the tool makes it easy to find clinics nearby, it only shows booking availability information for some clinics. And when it does show availability information, it isn’t always correct. # ⚓ Members_of_Congress_Request_Facebook_Halt_‘Instagram_For Kids’_Plan_Following_Mental_Health_Research_Report⠀⇛ Members of Congress have sent a letter Wednesday to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg urging the company to stop its plan to launch a new platform for kids, following a report by the Wall Street Journal that cites company documents that reportedly shows the company knows its platforms harm the mental health of teens. The letter, signed by Edward Markey, D- Massachusetts, Kathy Castor, D-Florida, and Lori Trahan, D-Massachusetts, also asks Facebook to provide answers by October 6 to questions including whether the company has, and who, reviewed the mental health research as cited in the Journal report; whether the company will agree to abandon plans to launch a new platform for children or teens; and when the company will begin studying its platforms’ impact on the kids’ mental health. # ⚓ Congress_will_investigate_claims_that_Instagram_harms teens⠀⇛ “It is clear that Facebook is incapable of holding itself accountable. The Wall Street Journal’s reporting reveals Facebook’s leadership to be focused on a growth-at-all-costs mindset that valued profits over the health and lives of children and teens,” the lawmakers said. “When given the opportunity to come clean to us about their knowledge of Instagram’s impact on young users, Facebook provided evasive answers that were misleading and covered up clear evidence of significant harm.” # ⚓ Covid-19_Vaccine_Makers_Blasted_for_‘Unconscionable Profits,’_Monopolies,_and_Low_Taxes⠀⇛ The People’s Vaccine Alliance on Wednesday called out BioNTech, Moderna, and Pfizer for “reaping astronomical and unconscionable profits due to their monopolies of mRNA Covid vaccines,” developed with the help of public funding, while the two U.S. firms paid little in taxes. “These pharmaceutical companies prioritize their own profits by enforcing their monopolies and selling to the highest bidder.”—Robbie Silverman, Oxfam America o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Customer_Care_Giant_TTEC_Hit_By_Ransomware⠀⇛ TTEC, [NASDAQ: TTEC], a company used by some of the world’s largest brands to help manage customer support and sales online and over the phone, is dealing with disruptions from a network security incident resulting from a ransomware attack, KrebsOnSecurity has learned. # ⚓ Forced_Entry:_NSO_Group_Spies_Secretly_Seized_Control of_Apple_Devices_by_Exploiting_Flaw_in_Code⠀⇛ Apple has released an emergency software update to fix a security flaw in its iPhones and other products researchers found was being exploited by the Israeli-based NSO Group to infect the devices with its Pegasus spyware. The security exploit exposes “widespread abuse that we have associated with NSO Group and other companies like it,” says Ronald Deibert, director of the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab, which discovered the security flaw. “This is … the most important crisis around global civil society right now.” Over 1.65 billion Apple products in use around the globe have been vulnerable to the spyware since at least March. # ⚓ General_promises_‘surge’_to_fight_ransomware_attacks [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Gen. Paul Nakasone, the head of U.S. Cyber Command and director of the National Security Agency (NSA), is working to “surge” efforts to respond to the mounting ransomware attacks on critical U.S. organizations. # ⚓ General_promises_US_‘surge’_against_foreign cyberattacks [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ In an interview Tuesday with The Associated Press, Gen. Paul Nakasone broadly described “an intense focus” by government specialists to better find and share information about cyberattacks and “impose costs when necessary.” Those costs include publicly linking adversarial countries to high-profile attacks and exposing the means by which those attacks were carried out, he said. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Kali_Linux_2021.3_Brings_in_Kali_Live_VM Support,_New_Tools,_and_Other_Improvements⠀⇛ Kali Linux is one of the best Linux distributions for penetration testing. It is based on Debian, but it may not be a suitable replacement for your full-fledged desktop operating system. The latest 2021.3 release brings some significant feature additions and improvements onboard. Let us check them out. # ⚓ Critical_Flaws_Discovered_in_Azure_App_That Microsoft_Secretly_Installs_on_Linux_VMs [Ed: Microsoft_installing_back_doors_in_GNU/Linux]⠀⇛ Microsoft on Tuesday addressed a quartet of security flaws as part of its Patch Tuesday updates that could be abused by adversaries to target Azure cloud customers and elevate privileges as well as allow for remote takeover of vulnerable systems. The list of flaws, collectively called OMIGOD by researchers from Wiz, affect a little-known software agent called Open Management Infrastructure that’s automatically deployed in many Azure services… # ⚓ Malicious_Linux_version_of_Cobalt_Strike hacking_tool_found [Ed: It is more about Windows than "Linux"]⠀⇛ # ⚓ “Secret”_Agent_Exposes_Azure_Customers_To Unauthorized_Code_Execution⠀⇛ Supply chain cyberattacks have disrupted everyday life and dominated headlines this year. One of the biggest challenges in preventing them is that our digital supply chain is not transparent. If you don’t know what’s hidden in the services and products you use every day, how can you manage the risk? Wiz’s research team recently discovered a series of alarming vulnerabilities that highlight the supply chain risk of open source code, particularly for customers of cloud computing services. The source of the problem is a ubiquitous but little-known software agent called Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) that’s embedded in many popular Azure services. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Surveillance_Self-Defense_Guides_Now Available_in_Burmese⠀⇛ The last year has seen significant numbers of protests by the people of Myanmar against human and digital rights violations by the military, prompted by the recent military coup in the country. Fighting back against human rights violations shouldn’t require you to have a computer science degree, and so our SSD guides help explain, in clear language, how to protect yourself from digital surveillance and unpack key concepts that make doing so easier. These guides offer overviews and recommendations for digital security protection during protests, network circumvention, using VPNs and Tor, using Signal, social media safety, and so on.  We hope these resources will help those in Myanmar access reliable, up-to-date digital security guidance during a high-stress time, localized to the unique considerations in Myanmar. In addition to this project, we also plan to translate our new mobile phone privacy guide into multiple languages, including Turkish, Russian, and Spanish. We’d like to thank the National Democratic Institute for providing funds for these translations, and Localization Lab for their efforts in completing them. # ⚓ London’s_Top_Cop_Says_‘Big_Tech,’ Encryption_Are_Letting_The_Terrorists_Win⠀⇛ Dame Cressida Dick — the former National Policing Lead for Counter-Terrorism — has had an op-ed published by The Telegraph that leverages the anniversary of the 9/11 attacks to advocate for less privacy and security for routine targets of terrorist attacks: everyday people without powerful government positions. # ⚓ The_Federal_Government_Just_Can’t_Get Enough_of_Your_Face⠀⇛ But 27 current federal systems are not enough to satisfy these agencies. The DOJ, DHS, and Department of the Interior also accessed FRT systems “owned by 29 states and seven localities for law enforcement purposes.” Federal agencies further accessed eight commercial FRT systems, including four agencies that accessed the infamous Clearview AI. That’s all just current use. Across federal agencies, there are plans in the next two years to develop or purchase 13 more FRT systems, access two more local systems, and enter two more contracts with Clearview AI. As EFF has pointed out again and again, government use of FRT is anathema to our fundamental freedoms. Law enforcement use of FRT disproportionately impacts people of color, turns us all into perpetual suspects, and increases the likelihood of false arrest. Law enforcement agencies have also used FRT to spy on protestors. Clearview AI, a commercial facial surveillance entity used by many federal agencies, extracts the faceprints of billions of unsuspecting people, without their consent, and uses them to provide information to law enforcement and federal agencies. They are currently being sued in both Illinois state court and federal court for violating the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). Illinois’ BIPA requires opt-in consent to obtain someone’s faceprint. Recently, an Illinois state judge allowed the state case to proceed, opening a path for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)  to fight against Clearview AI’s business model, which trades in your privacy for their profit. You can read the opinion of the judge here, and find EFF’s two amicus briefs against Clearview AI here and here.  o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Messianic_Failure:_Pursuing_the_GWOT_Jabberwock⠀⇛ The gooey name GWOT, otherwise known as the Global War on Terrorism, is some two decades old, and it has revealed little by way of benefit for anybody other than military industrialists, hate preachers and jingoes.  For its progenitors in the administration of President George W. Bush, motivated by the attacks of September 11, 2001 on US soil, few of its aims were achieved. The central feature to the war, which deserves its place of failure alongside such disastrously misguided concepts as the war on drugs, was its school boy incoherence.  It remained, and to an extent remains, a war against tactics, a misguided search reminiscent of the hunt for Lewis Carroll’s nonsense beast, the Jabberwock.  As with any such wars, it demands mendacity, flimsy evidence if, in fact, it needs any evidence at all. # ⚓ The_Debacle_of_“Nation_Building”_in_Afghanistan_and_Iraq⠀⇛ Bolton, one of the hardline conservatives who served as a high level official in the George W. Bush administration that invaded Afghanistan in response to 9/11, was engaging in what Americans call “Monday morning quarterbacking,” or declaiming in all-knowing fashion what “ought” to have been done. But it was all wishful thinking. Like all other imperial powers, the US could not just wreck a society and engage in a purely military occupation of Afghanistan. Like all of them, it had to reconstruct a society, if only to reduce the costs of military occupation and give its venture a patina of legitimacy among both Afghans and Americans. And, like all, it could not help but attempt to reconstruct a society in its own image, even if the result was in reality a disfigured or distorted copy of itself. # ⚓ Though_Cracks_Appear,_Empire_Remains_in_the_DNA_of_the U.S.⠀⇛ The world is in a big shake-up, and U.S. hegemony is in decline. Indeed, a new more diversified global order is emerging. But end of empire? Not quite yet. Empire is the U.S. way of life, deep in the national DNA, as historian William Appleman Williams noted many decades ago. It did not start in when World War II ended in 1945, or 1898 when the U.S. took over Spain’s colonial empire. The U.S. was an empire based on conquest and expansion from the first colonial settlements before its creation as a nation-state. It has been expanding as an empire ever since. The U.S. will continue to act as an empire at home and abroad unless and until profound changes are made in the U.S. itself, or it falls apart as a consequence of its imperial ways. The 9-11 attacks 20 years ago today, themselves blowback from imperial wars, spurred a “war on terror” that led to those lost wars, soaking up trillions that might have otherwise gone to meet critical needs and heal divisions in U.S. society. The wars, grounded in lies, along with the erosion of civil rights under wartime conditions, have diminished the credibility of national institutions and their ability to create national unity. Osama Bin Laden claimed that the attacks were meant to draw the U.S. into bankrupting wars that would cause its collapse, just as the Soviet Union’s Afghanistan defeat led to its collapse. Whether or not that’s true, the wars have certainly eroded the U.S. internally and internationally. # ⚓ 20_Years_Later,_Undocumented_Immigrants_Who_Aided_9/11 Recovery_&_Cleanup_Efforts_Demand_Recognition⠀⇛ Following the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, advocates are calling for lawmakers to establish a pathway for legal residency for as many as 2,000 immigrant responders and cleanup workers at ground zero. An estimated 6,000 undocumented immigrants took part in the recovery efforts after 9/11, but many didn’t seek medical help or went uncounted for their symptoms because they feared deportation. Undocumented workers exposed themselves to toxins and “sacrificed their lives” to assist with the cleanup, and, 20 years later, still lack recognition and medical aid, says Rosa Maria Bramble Caballero, a licensed clinical social worker who has helped immigrant 9/11 workers for 15 years. A path to citizenship would “not only acknowledge their work, but also help them have other options of other types of work,” Caballero says. “We have not really honored them as we should.” # ⚓ Why_I’m_Still_Not_Convinced_by_9/11_Conspiracy_Theories⠀⇛ In the two years since, I have learned more about both the attacks themselves and those who believe that they were some kind of “inside job.” For those of you reading who are expecting a full-blown recantation, I am afraid you will be disappointed. I still am not persuaded by the major pillars of the 9/11 Truth movement. But I am willing to offer some nuance as well as an appeal to those who still are. Three worthwhile distinctions # ⚓ The_2nd Afghan_War_and_Retreat_from_Central_Asia⠀⇛ There were actually two Afghan wars. The first began within a few weeks of the 9-11 tragedy, when the US was attacked by Al Qaeda with the assistance of elements of the Saudi Arabia ruling elite. In the first war US forces invaded Afghanistan behind the excuse its mission and goal was to capture Bin Laden and deny Al Qaeda a base in that country, even though there is ample evidence the Taliban had offered to kick Bin Laden out in exchange for no US invasion. The Bush administration rejected the Taliban offer because its actual mission and objective was always greater than just capturing Bin Laden, or even occupying Afghanistan. # ⚓ Blinken_and_Biden_Are_Right:_Afghanistan_Is_Not_Saigon⠀⇛ The collapse of the American project in Afghanistan may fade fast from the news here, but don’t be fooled. It couldn’t be more significant in ways few in this country can even begin to grasp. # ⚓ ICC_Approves_Probe_Into_‘Drug_War’_Atrocities_Carried_Out by_Duterte_Regime⠀⇛ The International Criminal Court on Wednesday authorized the start of an investigation into possible crimes against humanity committed by the Philippines as part of the brutal “war on drugs” unleashed by President Rodrigo Duterte. Philippines-based group In Defense of Human Rights and Dignity Movement (iDEFEND) welcomed the announcement, saying it “removes all doubt as to the gravity of the crimes committed by President Duterte’s anti-drug campaign.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_No,_The_World_Is_Not_Welcoming_Afghan_Refugees_as It_Should⠀⇛ Despite the outpouring of international sympathy for Afghans who fled their country after the Taliban takeover last month, it’s by no means certain this will translate into receiving the refuge they are entitled to under international law.D # ⚓ U.S._Drone_Killed_10_Afghans,_Including_Aid_Worker_&_7 Kids,_After_Water_Jugs_Were_Mistaken_as_Bombs⠀⇛ We speak with reporter Matthieu Aikins about how his investigation for The New York Times found an August 29 U.S. drone strike, which the Pentagon claimed targeted a facilitator with the militant group ISIS-K, actually killed 10 Afghan civilians, including seven children and Zemari Ahmadi, an Afghan engineer who had worked since 2006 for an American aid group. A review of video evidence by the Times shows Zemari loading canisters of water at the charity’s office, after the Pentagon claimed surveillance video showed Zemari loading what they thought were explosives into a car at an unknown compound earlier in the day. “We put together evidence that showed that what the military interpreted as a series of suspicious moves from the sky was, according to his co-workers and colleagues and video evidence, just an ordinary day for this aid worker,” says Aikins. # ⚓ A_Night_With_Palestine’s_Defenders_of_the_Mountain⠀⇛ Beita, Palestine—The clock is nearing 10 at night. It’s a Sunday evening in August, and the people of this Palestinian village in the northern occupied West Bank are gathering at Mount Sabih, where an illegal settler outpost was erected in early May. They are preparing for what they call the “nightly disruptions,” a resistance ritual that has been unabated and evolving for over a hundred days. Its goal is to sour the settlers’ stay in their lands. # ⚓ US_Drone_Killed_10_Afghans_After_Mistaking_Water_Jugs_for Bombs⠀⇛ # ⚓ Following_Afghanistan_Defeat:_Can_EU_Win_Own_‘Independence’ from_the_US?⠀⇛ When, on September 29, 2020, Macron uttered these words: “We, some countries more than others, gave up on our strategic independence by depending too much on American weapons systems”, the context of this statement had little to do with Afghanistan. Instead, Europe was angry at the bullying tactics used by former US President Donald Trump and sought alternatives to US leadership. The latter has treated NATO – actually, all of Europe – with such disdain, that it has forced America’s closest allies to rethink their foreign policy outlook and global military strategy altogether. Even the advent of US President Joe Biden and his assurances to Europe that “America is back” did little to reassure European countries, which fear, justifiably, that US political instability may exist long after Biden’s term in office expires. # ⚓ A_Forever_Foreign_Policy_Debate⠀⇛ Nonetheless, it is important to look at this debate just because it is going on among those to whom policy makers pay attention. And, through such an examination, to realize that any exchange at this level of insiders is unlikely to get at the core problems of U.S. foreign policy. Parameters of the Insider Debate # ⚓ Twenty_Years_In_A_Security_State:_After_Failing_To_Stop_9/ 11_Attacks,_FBI_Invented_Terrorists⠀⇛ This article was funded by paid subscribers of The Dissenter, a project of Shadowproof. Become a paid subscriber and help us expand our work. Following the September 11th attacks, an FBI whistleblower accused FBI Headquarters of failing to urgently respond to intelligence that pointed to a terrorism threat. It brought embarrassment to the FBI, and in the months to follow, the FBI transformed into a “preventative crime” agency. # ⚓ Lessons_From_History:_Afghanistan_and_the_Dangerous Afterlives_of_Identifying_Data⠀⇛ HIIDE, the Handheld Interagency Identity Detection Equipment, are devices used to collect biometric data like fingerprints and iris scans and store that information on large accessible databases. Ostensibly built in order to track terrorists and potential terrorists, the program also was used to verify the identities of contractors and Afghans working with U.S. forces. The military reportedly had an early goal of getting 80% of the population of Afghanistan into the program. With the Taliban retaking control of the nation, reporting about the HIIDE program prompted fears that the equipment could be seized and used to identify and target vulnerable people.  Some sources, including those who spoke to the MIT Technology Review, claimed that the HIIDE devices offered only limited utility to any future regimes hoping to use them and that the data they access is stored remotely and therefore less of a concern. They did raise alarms, however, on the wide- reaching and detailed Afghan Personnel and Pay System (APPS), used to pay contractors and employees working for the Afghan Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Defense. This database contains detailed information on every member of the Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police—prompting renewed fears that this information could be used to find people who assisted the U.S. military or Afghan state- building, policing, and counter-insurgency measures.  There has always been concern and protest over how the U.S military used this information, but now that concern takes on new dimensions. This is, unfortunately, a side effect of the collection and retention of data on individuals. No matter how secure you think the data is—and no matter how much you trust the current government to use the information responsibly and benevolently—there is always a risk that either priorities and laws will change, or an entirely new regime will take over and inherit that data.  # ⚓ The_Winner_in_Afghanistan:_China⠀⇛ “Remember, this is not Saigon,” Secretary of State Antony Blinken told a television audience on August 15th, the day the Taliban swept into the Afghan capital, pausing to pose for photos in the grandly gilded presidential palace. He was dutifully echoing his boss, President Joe Biden, who had earlier rejected any comparison with the fall of the South Vietnamese capital, Saigon, in 1975, insisting that “there’s going to be no circumstance where you see people being lifted off the roof of an embassy of the United States from Afghanistan. It is not at all comparable.” Both were right, but not in the ways they intended. Indeed, the collapse of Kabul was not comparable. It was worse, incomparably so. And its implications for the future of U.S. global power are far more serious than the loss of Saigon. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Global_Indigenous_Coalition_Echoes_Call_to_Postpone_UN Climate_Talks⠀⇛ Citing the disproportionate impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on native communities and persistent vaccine inequities, a coalition of three leading Indigenous advocacy organizations on Wednesday joined over 1,500 global civil society groups in calling for the postponement of the upcoming United Nations climate summit. “The United Kingdom’s actions have been deeply inadequate to assure just and effective participation of our frontline communities.”—Indigenous groups # ⚓ Opinion_|_Reducing_Energy_Consumption:_The_Only_Long-Range Solution_to_Climate_Change⠀⇛ This article is adapted from POWER: Limits and Prospects for Human Survival (New Society Publishers) by Richard Heinberg. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Beware:_Big_Oil_Lies_About_the_Climate⠀⇛ The Current Situation # ⚓ New_Climate_Analysis_Shows_Near_Total_Global_Failure_to Meet_1.5°C_Targets⠀⇛ A new analysis reveals a near total global failure of governments to have climate action and targets on track for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Released Wednesday by the Climate Action Tracker (CAT), the assessment rated just one nation,The Gambia, as “1.5°C Paris Agreement compatible,” and found the United States’ overall climate action—despite a welcome “U-turn on climate change” since the Trump administration—to be “insufficient.” # ⚓ To_save_the_planet,_cut_down_on_milk_as_well_as_meat⠀⇛ Eating less meat is key to slowing the climate crisis. But if you want to cool the Earth, cut down on milk as well. # ⚓ What’s_the_worst_that_could_happen?⠀⇛ Read between the many lines of the nearly 4,000- page IPCC report and you will see that it actually tells five different stories about the future, complete with their own little narratives. Here’s the backdrop for these stories: The planet is undergoing a massive, uncontrolled experiment, rapidly revealing what happens when 2.6 million pounds of carbon dioxide per second (and still rising) are added to the atmosphere. All of humanity is participating in this experiment, whether directly contributing to it or feeling its impacts. But it’s an immensely frustrating experiment because the subjects (all of us) are constantly messing with the controls. How much more Earth will warm up in the coming century hinges on what people will do. And what people are doing is changing. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Climate_Change_Is_the_Symptom,_Capitalism_Is_the Problem⠀⇛ Too often climate change is reduced to quantification of greenhouse glasses or melting ice caps. These indicators of climate change are important to verify the existence of the problem, but they are less constructive in helping us understand where the problem of climate change comes from. Understanding the source of climate change means moving beyond the source of GHGs and looking into the power relations that drive capitalist growth. # ⚓ In_the_Louisiana_Bayou,_Dolphin_Victims_of_Hurricane_Ida Set_the_Stage_for_a_Political_Fight_Over_Coastal Restoration⠀⇛ Days after Hurricane Ida roared through coastal Louisiana, sending a 12-foot storm surge rushing across the marshlands south of New Orleans, Plaquemines Parish Fire Department Capt. Kevin Coleman was driving on a coastal road trying to reach his isolated fire station near Myrtle Grove, Louisiana.  # ⚓ It_Took_a_Village_of_Hippies:_the_Founding_of_Greenpeace⠀⇛ Let’s get one thing out of the way.  The San Francisco Diggers were wrong in 1967: the hippies were not dead; they had just vacated Haight Ashbury.  Bob Hunter put it thusly, “In Vancouver, in 1971, we have the biggest concentration of tree huggers, draft dodgers, shit disturbing unionists, radical students, garbage dump stoppers, freeway fighters, pot smokers, vegetarians, nudists, Buddhists, fish preservationists and back-to-the- landers on the planet. And we are all haunted by the specter of a dead world.” There were pockets of hippies across the city and all over the province.  Kitsilano may have been the core community with its head shops and organic food stores; but it was just ‘downtown’.  Any city neighbourhood with cheapish rental housing was infested and parts of the interior like the Slocan Valley had been pretty much overrun.  Critically, there was a sufficient mass to create a sense of community.  And while there is always some risk that once any group of like-minded humans reaches that critical mass it may become dangerously insular; let’s face it, that sense that you are part of something much larger than yourself, “A cog in something turning” as Joni Mitchell had put it, is a potent elixir. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Federal_Drilling_and_Fracking_Update:_Biden_Promised a_Ban_–_He’s_Doing_the_Opposite⠀⇛ During the campaign, Biden made it clear where he stood: “No more drilling on federal lands, period.” From a climate perspective, Biden’s pledge was prudent and necessary; fossil fuel development on federal lands accounts for almost a quarter of the country’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Since taking office, however, the Biden administration has approved thousands of new oil and gas drilling permits, while simultaneously pursuing a public lands strategy vulnerable to legal challenges. Food & Water Watch has been comprehensively tracking the many pro-fossil fuels statements and decisions made since the start of the administration. # ⚓ Progressive_Democrats_Set_Out_to_Defund_the_Fossil Fuel_Industry⠀⇛ Today, Democratic Representatives Mondaire Jones of New York, Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts, and Rashida Tlaib of Michigan introduced a bill that would require the Federal Reserve to phase out the financing of fossil fuel projects. The legislation, known as the Fossil Free Finance Act, would mandate that big banks and other financial institutions align their financing with the United States’ obligations under the Paris Agreement, prohibiting the financing of all fossil fuel projects after 2030. # ⚓ How_to_end_the_American_obsession_with_driving⠀⇛ Data from the EPA shows that the transportation sector is actually the biggest source of pollution in the US, and that light-duty vehicles (or passenger cars) are responsible for 58 percent of those emissions. Overall, the EPA’s research — and the 2021 study — reinforce the fact that the transportation systems of American cities over-rely on cars in ways that are not sustainable should the US actually want to approach its stated greenhouse gas reduction goal of 50 percent by 2030, a number it has to reach in order to limit global warming by 1.5 degrees Celsius or less. Reducing driving is difficult, however, because American cities, particularly those across the Southwest, are built for drivers. Biking and walking are often not options, and public transit, where it exists, does not typically serve trips that do not involve going from a city’s outskirts to its downtown or back. # ⚓ Biden’s_SEC_is_ready_to_regulate_cryptocurrency⠀⇛ The SEC appears to have decided that an upcoming offering from Coinbase, the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the United States, meets its definition of a security. And it’s showing that it will step in and regulate it accordingly — and, by extension, regulate the rest of the crypto finance industry more assertively. # ⚓ New_agreement_gives_municipalities_power_to_usher_in zero-emission_zones_in_cities⠀⇛ Checks will be carried out using number plate recognition systems, which will be installed in the areas concerned. Violations will result in fines of 12,500 kroner for lorries and buses, and 1,500 kroner for vans. What makes the bill controversial is that it also mentioned a planned expansion of Copenhagen Airport, which will certainly increase pollution. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Do_Species_Awareness_Days_Work?⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Plot_to_Destroy_Sagebrush_on_the_Bighorn⠀⇛ Because it is often overlooked, the Forest Service management capitulates to the desires of the livestock industry. As an example of this collusion, the Bighorn National Forest recently announced its intention to aeriel herbicide thousands of acres of sagebrush ostensibly to control medusahead and other “undesirable” plants like the native larkspur, but the reality is that the main purpose is to eliminate sagebrush to create more forage for livestock. No doubt the spread of medusahead is a concern. Medusahead is an annual grass that is not palatable to livestock. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Sweatshops_Won’t_Help_the_World’s_Poor,_but_Unions_Could⠀⇛ There is good news for Bangladesh’s 4.5 million garment workers. On September 1, a global solidarity campaign won an extension to a landmark safety agreement, which will require more than 100 major brands to help reduce the likelihood of fires and building collapses in the factories that produce their clothing. # ⚓ Blinken_Derangement_Syndrome⠀⇛ Secretary of State Antony Blinken is, like other cabinet secretaries, paid a handsome salary of $221,400. He is the first cabinet member in the presidential line of succession. And he plays an outsize role in defining the place of the United States on the global stage. # ⚓ Inflation_Moderates_in_August⠀⇛ + The overall CPI was up just 0.3 percent in August; core inflation fell to just 0.1 percent, up 5.3 percent and 4.0 percent year-over-year, respectively. + Used car prices dropped by 1.5 percent, but new car prices are still rising: 1.2 percent in August, 7.6 percent year-over-year. The story on new car prices is actually good news on the longer term inflation outlook. We will get through supply constraints at some point, and these price gains are likely to reverse. # ⚓ House_Dems_Unveil_Bill_to_Stop_Wall_Street_From_Destroying the_Planet⠀⇛ Progressives on Wednesday applauded Democratic Reps. Mondaire Jones, Ayanna Pressley, and Rashida Tlaib for unveiling a bill that would prevent Wall Street from continuing to bankroll fossil fuels, the primary driver of the climate emergency. “For too long, our federal government has looked the other way while our nation’s largest banks bankroll the dirtiest fossil fuel projects, exacerbating the climate crisis and setting us up for a massive, climate-induced economic collapse.”—Rep. Ayanna Pressley # ⚓ ‘It’s_Gonna_Be_$3.5_Trillion’:_Sanders_Holds_the_Line Against_Right-Wing_Democrats⠀⇛ Pushing back against conservative Democrats’ attempts to shrink the Build Back Better Act’s price tag, Sen. Bernie Sanders reiterated Tuesday night that anything less than $3.5 trillion is unacceptable. “When you look at the Gross Domestic Product of the United States, we’re talking about close to $300 trillion over the next 10 years. This is $3.5 trillion, barely more than 1% of that.”—Sen. Bernie Sanders # ⚓ Opinion_|_Inequality_Is_Holding_Back_the_Economy,_Not Unemployment⠀⇛ An estimated 9 million Americans got the rug pulled out from under them over Labor Day weekend as enhanced pandemic federal unemployment benefits expired, leaving millions of families in the lurch during a record-breaking season for COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Congress_Needs_to_Do_More_to_End_Estate_Tax Manipulations_That_Benefit_Billionaires⠀⇛ # ⚓ Elizabeth_Warren_Calls_for_Breaking_Up_“Ungovernable” Scandal-Ridden_Wells_Fargo⠀⇛ # ⚓ Biden_Shouldn’t_Reappoint_Powell_to_Federal_Reserve._He’s Soft_on_Wall_Street.⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Who’s_to_Blame_in_The_White_Lotus?⠀⇛ Set in a luxury resort off the coast of Maui, The White Lotus follows a group of guests and a handful of hotel staff members during a week-long vacation, where they all quickly learn that the destination isn’t an escape but a place for their problems to fester. Rachel (Alexandra Daddario), an insecure blogger, questions her new marriage while on a honeymoon with her entitled old-money husband, Shane (Jake Lacy). A grief-stricken middle-aged woman, Tanya (Jennifer Coolidge), struggles with the direction of her life, eventually relying upon Belinda (Natasha Rothwell), the hotel’s spa manager, for emotional support. Upper-class neoliberal couple Nicole and Mark Mossbacher (Connie Britton and Steve Zahn) bring their domestic baggage to the resort, along with their 16-year-old screen-addled son Quinn (Fred Hechinger); Olivia (Sydney Sweeney), their college- age leftist daughter; and her equally radical nonwhite friend, Paula (Brittany O’Grady). Per Dante, the path to paradise begins in hell, but the characters in The White Lotus seem to have brought hell along with them. # ⚓ AOC’s_‘Tax_the_Rich’_Gown_is_Designer_Protest_Meant_to_Dull Class_Struggle⠀⇛ Maybe “divided” isn’t quite the right word. As with most left politics nowadays, the two sides seem to be talking across each other. It is as if they speak two entirely different languages. Tickets to the Met Gala are at least $30,000 a pop, though it seems AOC, a young New York City Congresswoman who identifies as a democratic socialist, did not pay for the ticket herself. She was invited and seized the moment to make her protest. # ⚓ Trump_Donor_Who_Propped_Up_His_$2_Billion_Hotel_Business With_$96_Million_In_COVID_Loans_Threatens_Website_For Publishing_Facts_And_Opinions⠀⇛ Being defensive when criticized is a very human trait. It’s often the default response. And it’s completely understandable. Very few people can suppress the urge to defend themselves — or engage in retaliation — when (as Tom Wolfe put it) their ego is stripped of its virginity. Like I said, it’s a wholly human response. # ⚓ ‘We_Are_Clearly_Not_Fully_Recovered’:_Ocasio-Cortez_to Introduce_Extension_of_Boosted_Unemployment_Benefits⠀⇛ As millions of American workers and their families continue to reel from the expiration of federal pandemic unemployment insurance on Labor Day, Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez announced Tuesday that she will introduce legislation to extend the boosted jobless assistance benefits until the beginning of next February. The Extend Unemployment Assistance Act of 2021 (pdf) would be retroactive to September 6, the day on which the jobless benefits expired for more than 7.5 million U.S. workers. The termination affected not only those workers, but also tens of millions of their dependents, in what one analyst described as “the largest cutoff of unemployment benefits in history.” # ⚓ California_Says_“No”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Newsom_Urged_to_Deliver_on_Climate,_Single-Payer_as California_Voters_Defeat_Recall⠀⇛ California voters on Tuesday roundly defeated an effort to recall Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom, whose ouster likely would have resulted in right- wing radio host Larry Elder—a longtime climate denier who recently said the ideal minimum wage is $0—becoming the leader of the most populous state in the U.S. Faced with two ballot questions—whether Newsom should be recalled and who should replace him—California voters overwhelmingly voted no on the first, rendering the second meaningless. # ⚓ Trump_Says_US_Will_Cease_to_Exist_by_2024,_Then_Implies He’ll_Run_for_President⠀⇛ # ⚓ Newsom_Fends_Off_Recall_Challenge_as_California_Voters Choose_“No”_on_Ballots⠀⇛ # ⚓ California_Votes_No:_Governor_Gavin_Newsom_Survives Republican-Led_Recall_Effort⠀⇛ Californians overwhelmingly rejected a Republican- led recall effort against Democratic Governor Gavin Newsom on Tuesday that cost close to $300 million in taxpayer funds. The failed recall was seen as a battle against the far right and a referendum on several key issues ahead of the 2022 midterms, including the pandemic, immigrant rights, the climate crisis and the related unhoused crisis. California voters cast their ballots in the recall because “as attention started being focused nationally on this election, people started realizing what was at stake,” says Sasha Abramsky, “Left Coast” correspondent for The Nation. “There was this real risk that California could sort of almost accidentally stumble into a far-right governorship,” Abramsky says. # ⚓ Myanmar_anti-coup_protesters_attack_more_cell_towers⠀⇛ The attacks on the towers, near the town of Tedim, around 20 kilometres from the India border, were to “block the SAC from their money source,” the spokesperson said, using an acronym for the State Administration Council — as the junta calls itself. Local media also reported several towers belonging to Mytel — one of the country’s four main cell networks — had been destroyed in Chin state in recent days. # ⚓ Former_U.S._operatives_agree_to_$1.68M_settlement_over mercenary_[cracking]_charges⠀⇛ Three former U.S. intelligence and military personnel agreed to pay more than $1.68 million to settle federal charges over their alleged work as mercenary hackers for the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A case filed Tuesday in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia brought two counts each against Marc Baier, Ryan Adams and Daniel Gericke, including conspiracy to commit device fraud and computer hacking and conspiracy to violate arms export control regulations. # ⚓ Abort_the_Illegitimate_Court:_End_the_Filibuster_and_Pack it⠀⇛ What could be more abasing to democracy than the fact that traditionally, five unelected, unaccountable, mostly old white men regularly decide existential social, health, and environmental issues for fifty disparate states, several territories, and 325 million people? In so doing, they sometimes overturn decades of accumulated law, struggle, wisdom, scholarship, science, sacrifice, and praxis. If you find this acceptable, you are too disoriented by a culture of winner-take-all politics, sports, and game shows to know what’s good for a plural society, or even really to call yourself pro-democracy. After the Court’s racist pronouncement in the notorious Dred Scott decision, Abraham Lincoln warned: “If the policy of the government, upon vital questions, affecting the whole people, is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made, in ordinary litigation between parties, in personal actions, the people will have ceased, to be their own rulers, having, to that extent, practically resigned their government, into the hands of that eminent tribunal.” o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Nicki_Minaj_vows_“I’ll_never_use_Twitter_again”_after backlash_over_viral_COVID_vaccine_post⠀⇛ “I have been suspended from Twitter,” she said, over a shot of what appeared to be an apartment ceiling. “Twitter, a place where people say the most horrific things every day.” The Trinidadian-born artist repeatedly claimed that she did not “give any facts” about the vaccine and that she was simply “asking questions” — though her claims were debunked by the government of Trinidad and Tobago earlier on Wednesday. The country’s health ministry said it could not find any evidence that any patient had reported the symptoms that Minaj described — in Trinidad or elsewhere. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Texas’_Social_Media_Law_is_Not_the_Solution_to_Censorship⠀⇛ Signed into law by Governor Abbott last week, the Texas law prohibits platforms with more than 5 million users nationwide from moderating user posts based on viewpoint or geographic location. However, as we stated in our friend-of-the-court brief in support of NetChoice and the Computer & Communications Industry Associations lawsuit challenging Florida’s law (NetChoice v. Moody), “Every court that has considered the issue, dating back to at least 2007, has rightfully found that private entities that operate online platforms for speech and that open those platforms for others to speak enjoy a First Amendment right to edit and curate that speech.” Inconsistent and opaque content moderation by online media services is a legitimate problem. It continues to result in the censorship of a range of important speech, often disproportionately impacting people who aren’t elected officials. That’s why EFF joined with a cohort of allies in 2018 to draft the Santa Clara Principles on Transparency and Accountability in Content Moderation, offering one model for how platforms can begin voluntarily implementing content moderation practices grounded in a human rights framework. Under the proposed principles, platforms would: H.B. 20 does attempt to mandate some of the transparency measures called for in the Santa Clara Principles. Although these legal mandates might be appropriate as part of a carefully crafted legislative scheme, H.B. 20 is not the result of a reasonable policy debate. Rather it is a retaliatory law aimed at violating the First Amendment rights of online services in a way that will ultimately harm all internet users. # ⚓ Satire_Site_Gets_Ridiculous_Threat_Letter_From_Baseball Team;_cc’s_Barbra_Streisand_In_Its_Response⠀⇛ The Popehat signal went up and it was for a good cause (even if it’s ridiculous that it was needed). The satirical site “Takoma Torch,” which is an attempt at being a sort of local The Onion for a suburb outside of DC, posted an article making light of the nearby town of Olney, Maryland and its new Cal Ripken Collegiate League baseball team. Playing off of the recent drama regarding the company OnlyFans, Takoma Torch’s Eric Saul wrote up an amusing article about “OlneyFans.” You can click through to read the story, but the opening gives you the gist: # ⚓ Content_Moderation_Case_Study:_Twitter_Removes_‘Verified’ Badge_In_Response_To_Policy_Violations_(2017)⠀⇛ Summary: Many social networks have enabled users to use a pseudonym as their identity on that network. Since users could use whatever name they wanted, they could pretend to be someone else, creating certain challenges for those platforms. For example, for sites that allowed such pseudonyms, how would they identify who the actual person was and who was merely an impostor? Some companies, such as Facebook, went the route of requiring users to use their real names. Twitter went another way, allowing pseudonyms. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Confederacy_of_the_Malicious⠀⇛ These extremist Trumpist Republicans, including governors and members of Congress, are conducting a callus, chilling contemptuous horror show for the sake of scoring macho political points despite the life-threatening nature of their ugly campaign. It’s the unvaccinated who are racking up the biggest COVID-19 death tolls nationwide. Republicans are taking advantage of a pandemic that won’t go away in order to slam the Democrats and make Biden look like a failure by intentionally confusing what is freedom with what is common sense. Biden had promised to eliminate COVID-19, which is caused by the virus. But the Republicans are fighting him and mocking him at every step. # ⚓ August_Calendar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Protest_Song_Of_The_Week:_‘Another_Life_Goes_By’_By Christone_‘Kingfish’_Ingram⠀⇛ Twenty-two year-old blues musician Christone “Kingfish” Ingram hails from Clarksdale, Mississippi, which has a rich history when it comes to the blues. His talent impressed Chicago blues legend Buddy Guy so much that Guy tracked down Ingram to give him a record deal. Ingram also believes he has a responsibility to make sure some of his music reflects the state of the nation.On his latest album, “662,” Ingram recorded a track written about young Black Americans killed as a result of hatred and policing.“Where does hate come from? And how do we make it stop? We got to make some changes before somebody else gets shot. We need to pay attention to all the helpless cries. We got to stop the madness before another life goes by,” Ingram sings.Ingram notes it has gone on for decades. “We keep treating people wrong. Why does doing something right, something right take so long.”“In today’s world, you can see there are a lot of people who are misinformed about what the blues really are. They have a narrow way of thinking that all the blues are is someone singing: ‘My baby left me,’ and then a guitar solo,” Ingram told the San Diego Union-Tribune. # ⚓ UN_Human_Rights_Chief_Calls_for_Global_Halt_to_Sales_of Dangerous_AI_Technologies⠀⇛ Noting the ubiquity of artificial intelligence in modern life, the United Nations’ top human rights official on Wednesday called for a moratorium on the sale and use of AI systems that imperil human rights until sufficient safeguards against potential abuse are implemented. “Action is needed now to put human rights guardrails on the use of AI, for the good of all of us.”—Michelle Bachelet, OHCHR # ⚓ ‘The_Radical_Right-Wing_Majority_of_the_Supreme_Court_May Well_Overturn_Roe_v._Wade’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed Marjorie Cohn about the Texas abortion ban for the September 10, 2021, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. # ⚓ Problem_Solved⠀⇛ Support independent cartooning: join Sparky’s List—and don’t forget to visit TT’s Emporium of Fun, featuring the new book and plush Sparky! # ⚓ With_Texas_at_Center_of_Abortion_Fight,_NARAL_Backs Cisneros_Over_Cuellar_for_2022⠀⇛ As Texas Republicans draw national attention for enacting a blatantly unconstitutional abortion law, NARAL Pro-Choice America on Wednesday endorsed Jessica Cisneros, the progressive primary challenger to anti-choice Democratic Congressman Henry Cuellar. “We need leaders like Jessica Cisneros in Congress to fight for our values and safeguard access to abortion care to ensure that everybody—no matter who they are or where they live—can access the care they need.”—Christian LoBue, NARAL # ⚓ ‘Restrictions_on_Abortion_Are_Invisible_Because_They_Appear Based_on_Who_You_Are’⠀⇛ # ⚓ DOJ_Asks_Federal_Judge_to_Block_Enforcement_of_Texas Abortion_Law⠀⇛ # ⚓ Philadelphia_to_pay_$2M_to_Black_woman_beaten_by_officers, separated_from_toddler_during_unrest⠀⇛ The city of Philadelphia will pay $2 million to a Black woman who was pulled from a car, beaten by officers and had her toddler used for social media fodder by the police union, officials said. # ⚓ DHS_must_explain_failure_to_release_e-mail_files⠀⇛ In a victory for the Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA), an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) has ruled that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) must either disclose records of e-mail messages which we requested in the “native” file formats in which they are held on DHS servers or archival storage media, or must “demonstrate with sufficient justification that they cannot produce the documents in their original fully digital version.” This ruling was made in response to an administrative appeal by the Identity Project of the DHS (non)-response to a FOIA request we made in 2016 for the reports submitted to the DHS each month on how may people attempted to enter Federal facilities without ID or with ID deemed “noncompliant” with the REAL-ID Act of 2005, and what happened to these people. How many were eventually allowed to enter, and how many were turned away? Over the years, the DHS sent us a trickle of PDF files created by its FOIA office and subsitituted, without explanation, for the files we had requested. These PDF files contain redacted images of “pages” of messages viewed in some e-mail client software, but can’t be imported into any other e- mail program or indexed or searched as e-mail files. After more than five years, and without releasing any of the e-mail files we had requested (or even disclosing in what format they are held), the DHS declared its response “final”. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Musk’s_Starlink_Pre-Order_Subscribers_Say_Customer_Service Is_A_No_Show⠀⇛ The narrative du jour is that Elon Musk’s companies are just so damn innovative that they don’t have to adhere to basic norms. His companies don’t need a functioning PR department, for example, because Musk is just so damn charming on Twitter. As you may have noticed, this narrative isn’t always particularly accurate. # ⚓ FCC_Will_Take_A_Closer_Look_At_ISP/Landlord_Broadband Monopolies⠀⇛ One of the tricks dominant broadband providers use to limit competition is exclusive broadband arrangements with landlords. Often an ISP will strike an exclusive deal with the owner of a building, apartment complex, or development that effectively locks in a block by block monopoly. And while the FCC passed rules in 2007 to purportedly stop this from happening, they contained too many loopholes to be of use. Susan Crawford wrote an excellent story at Wired about this a few years back, noting that the rules are so terrible ISPs and landlords can tap dance around them by simply calling what they’re doing… something else: # ⚓ Mistrial_Declared_In_Backpage_Founders’_Trial;_After_DOJ Ignores_Judge’s_Rules_Regarding_What_It_Could_Present⠀⇛ As we noted recently, the trial of Backpage’s founders finally started after years of legal wrangling. However, the judge has already declared a mistrial after the DOJ, in typical DOJ fashion, tried to ignore the judge’s warnings against focusing too specifically on the specifics of sex trafficking alleged to have occurred on the site. Specifically, prosecutors repeatedly referred to child sex trafficking, despite the fact that there are no sex trafficking charges in the case (let alone child sex trafficking): # ⚓ Beatings,_buried_videos_a_pattern_at_Louisiana_State Police⠀⇛ AP’s review — coming amid a widening federal investigation into state police misconduct — found troopers have made a habit of turning off or muting body cameras during pursuits. When footage is recorded, the agency routinely refuses to release it. And a recently retired supervisor who oversaw a particularly violent clique of troopers told internal investigators this year that it was his “common practice” to rubber-stamp officers’ use-of- force reports without reviewing body-camera video. In some cases, troopers omitted uses of force such as blows to the head from official reports, and in others troopers sought to justify their actions by claiming suspects were violent, resisting or escaping, all of which were contradicted by video footage. # ⚓ OnlyFans’_ban_and_subsequent_reversal_exacerbates_debate over_Section_230_reform⠀⇛ On August 19th, paid subscription website OnlyFans triggered a firestorm when it announced plans to ban all pornography from its platform – only to backtrack days later. While not all content on OnlyFans is explicitly pornographic, the platform’s success was built on pornography. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two million new creators flocked to the platform and began posting video and livestream content for paying subscribers in order to earn an income amid months of lockdowns and social distancing o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Intellectual_property_rights_might_not_entitle_Apple_to_any ‘commission’_on_app_revenues,_but_in_any_event_nowhere_near 30%:_court_misunderstood_Epic’s_lawyers [Ed: Florian Mueller should know better than to repeat propaganda terms like “intellectual [sic] property [sic] rights [sic]“]⠀⇛ For a blog with “patents” in the name it would actually have made a lot of sense to start the discussion of the Epic Games v. Apple ruling with the intellectual property aspects of the case. But I had to combat disinformation of app developers regarding the practical effects of the injunction (should it ever be enforced). The court ruling is unfair to Epic with respect to what it actually wanted and argued. (Some would argue that it’s unfair in other ways, too, but I wish to keep a narrow focus in this post.) In the decision, Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers accuses Epic of “overreach” and suggests that Epic wanted Apple to receive nothing from app developers, though even her own decision notes that “Epic Games does not venture to argue that Apple is not entitled to be paid for its intellectual property.” The passage I just quoted is an understatement. Epic’s counsel unequivocally said during closing argument that Apple is entitled to reasonable and non-discriminatory compensation for any intellectual property, but an antitrust case is always about putting an end to illegal practices (without necessarily replacing them with an alternative compensation scheme right away). It was not about a free ride. It was about not letting Apple (ab)use its App Store monopoly, and subsequently one could still talk about IP (but not in that same case). I have no idea what Epic’s appeal will focus on, but I wouldn’t be surprised if the appeals court agreed with Epic that a sequential approach is precisely the way antitrust law works: you stop the illegal practice first, and then the defendant can come up with a new practice, which may invite further challenges (but those won’t happen, or at least won’t have merit, if the new practice is reasonable and non-discriminatory). The appeals court may tell the district judge that the purpose of a unilateral conduct case is not to replace an illegal practice with a legal one. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Latest_news_and_updates_on_the_Unified_Patent_Court [Ed: JUVE the latest_to_promote_lies_and_fake_news_for Team_UPC; reckless propaganda to give people a false impression, lobbyism disguised as ‘journalism’]⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Catalog_of_Carceral_Surveillance:_Patents_Aren’t Products_(Yet)⠀⇛ But importantly, patents often precede the actual development or deployment of a technology. Though applications may demonstrate an interest in advancing a particular technology, these intentions don’t always progress beyond the proposal, and many inventions that are described in patent applications don’t wind up being built. What we can glean from a patent application is that the company is thinking about the technology and that it might be coming down the pipeline. In 2019, Platinum Equity, the firm that has owned Securus Technologies since 2017, restructured the company, placing it under the parent company Aventiv. Aventiv claimed it would lead Securus through a transformation process that includes greater respect for human rights. According to Aventiv, many of patents filed prior to 2019 will remain just ideas, never to be built. Following the publication of our initial Catalog of Carceral Surveillance posts, Aventiv responded with the following statement: “We at Aventiv are committed to protecting the civil liberties of all those who use our products. As a technology provider, we continuously seek to improve and to create new solutions to keep our communities safe.” Aventiv’s statement goes on to respond to EFF’s post describing a patent filed by Securus that envisions a system for monitoring online purchases made by incarcerated people and their families. The company wrote: “The patent is not currently in development as it was an idea versus a product we will pursue,” and added that to “ensure there is no additional misunderstanding, we will be abandoning this patent and reviewing all open patents to certify that they align with our transformation efforts.” # ⚓ Consumer_Advocacy_Group_Reveals_Portion_of_Pfizer Vaccine_Recipe⠀⇛ # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Scouts_BSA_Seek_To_End_Girl_Scouts’_Trademark_Lawsuit By_Brazenly_Claiming_No_Confusion_Does_Or_Will_Exist⠀⇛ We’ve been covering the lawsuit brought by The Girl Scouts of America against Scouts BSA, formerly The Boy Scouts of America, for some time. In the two posts that covered the suit, the GSA has alleged all kinds of very real confusion in the marketplace for female scoutting as a result of the branding change by Scouts BSA, which include: # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Reuters_scribes_claim_exclusive_three_years_after_it came_to_light⠀⇛ A story about US mercenaries going to work for the UAE Government, without obtaining the necessary American clearances, was claimed as an exclusive in 2019 by two Reuters reporters – even though the yarn had already been told three years earlier by a reporter for The Intercept. # ⚓ Toronto_Film_Festival_Asks_Google_to_Remove_Links_to Leaked_Netflix_Screeners⠀⇛ Last weekend, two screeners of upcoming Netflix movies leaked ahead of their official premiere. “The Power of the Dog” and “The Guilty” are now widely shared on pirate sites, something that has triggered a series of takedown requests. Interestingly, the Toronto International Film Festival, which could be where the films leaked from, is particularly active. # ⚓ Movie_Piracy:_Customers_of_Major_UK_ISPs_Receive Letters_Demanding_Cash⠀⇛ Voltage Holdings LLC, a company well known for tracking down pirates worldwide and demanding cash settlements for alleged movie piracy, has officially begun work in the UK. After obtaining at least one High Court order, customers of ISPs including Virgin Media are now being contacted by a law firm demanding cash settlements to make possible lawsuits go away. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3930 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.16.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_16/9/2021:_Linux_Mint_Has_New_Web_Site,_LibreOffice_7.2.1,_KDE_Plasma 5.23_Beta,_and_Sailfish_OS_Verla⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 5:58 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Command_Line_Heroes:_Season_8:_Robot_as_Servant⠀⇛ The 1980s promised robotic servants were in reach. They’d clean up our houses. Bring us drinks. Usher in an era of leisure. We didn’t get robot butlers. But if we look around, we’ll find an army of robotic servants already automating away domestic drudgery. # ⚓ No_The_Steam_Deck_Won’t_Play_Every_Game_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Due to some early information floating around some outlets reported that the Steam Deck will play every single game out there but anyone who has played games on Linux knows that would be impossible, proton is frankly not at this state. # ⚓ JC’s_Linux_Notes_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A screencast in which we take a look at notes about Linux I have saved over the last few years. # ⚓ GNOME_redesign,_Manjaro_Cinnamon_goes_Vivaldi,_and_Steam Deck_hype_deflation_–_Linux_news_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ BSDNow_420:_OpenBSD_makes_life_better⠀⇛ Choosing The Right ZFS Pool Layout, changes in OpenBSD that make life better, GhostBSD 21.09.06 ISO’s now available, Fair Internet bandwidth management with OpenBSD, NetBSD wifi router project update, NetBSD on the Apple M1, HardenedBSD August Status Report, FreeBSD Journal on Wireless and Desktop, and more. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Podcast_from_the_UK_LoCo:_S14E28_–_Tanks_Rewarding Gender [Ed: Ubuntu Podcast will end soon. So they decided to push proprietary software like Windows and DRM like Steam.]⠀⇛ This week we’ve been playing with Steam and the Windows Terminal. We look back at how Ubuntu and evolved over the years, bring you some command line love and go over all your feedback. It’s Season 14 Episode 28 of the Ubuntu Podcast! Alan Pope, Mark Johnson and Martin Wimpress are connected and speaking to your brain. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ 30_years_of_Linux:_B1_Systems_donates_30,000_euros_and wants_to_know_to_whom⠀⇛ Linux celebrates its 30th birthday on September 17th and the system house B1 Systems, which specializes in open source, wants to share its joy with open source and social projects: The team around the penguin mascot is donating a total of 30,000 euros. Half of the total goes to social projects. No recipient has yet been determined for the remaining 15,000 euros. Open source fans can now choose which open source projects or non-profit associations that promote open source will receive the money. # ⚓ Linux_5.14.5⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.14.5 kernel. This, and the other stable kernels released today, consist of only some reverts to solve some reported problems with the last round of stable releases. Upgrading is not required, but highly recommended. The updated 5.14.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.14.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ Linux_5.13.18⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.10.66⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.4.147⠀⇛ # ⚓ Intel_Seamless_Update_to_enable_BIOS/UEFI_firmware_updates without_a_reboot⠀⇛ Updating the BIOS/UEFI binary usually requires a reboot, but Intel is working on changing that, at least on Linux servers for now, with the Intel Seamless Update aiming to carry out system firmware updates (e.g. UEFI) at run-time without having to reboot, a bit like what Canonical does with the Ubuntu Livepatch service, but at a lower level in the software stack. Intel submitted a patch that “Introduces Platform Firmware Runtime Update and Telemetry drivers” to the Linux kernel mailing list a couple of days ago with the description reading in part: High Service Level Agreements (SLAs) requires that the system runs without service interruptions. Generally, system firmware provides runtime services such as RAS (Reliability, Availability and Serviceability) features, UEFI runtime services and ACPI services. Currently if there is any firmware code changes in these code area, the system firmware update and reboot is required. Example of bug fix could be wrong register size or location of the register. This means customer services are not available during the firmware upgrade, which could approach several minutes, resulting in not able to meet SLAs. # ⚓ Linux_5.16_To_Add_Quirk_For_The_Steam_Deck,_Other_DRM-Misc- Next_Changes_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ With the Linux 5.15 merge window out of the way, the first drm-misc-next pull request has been sent in to DRM-Next for staging until the Linux 5.16 merge window opens up about two months from now. With this initial drm-misc-next pull the material is rather light considering the brief time since the merge window. There are some DMA-BUF updates, new macros, a number of new device quirks, documentation improvements, the V3D driver has a fix for a Vulkan CTS failure, new PCI IDs for the Bochs driver, VirtIO now supports mapping exported vRAM, and the ZTE driver has been removed for being obsolete. # ⚓ Running_Linux_5.15-rc1_Causing_A_New_Slowdown…_Here’s_A Look_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Linux 5.15-rc1 performance overall has been looking good at the assortment of systems I have tested so far this week. The performance overall has been inline with expectations and jiving well with the many new Linux 5.15 features. But it quickly became apparent that something was wrong with compiler performance when running on Linux 5.15… Not the speed to compile the kernel, but rather the performance of building other codebases while the system is running Linux 5.15-rc1. This slowdown for build tests was happening for multiple codebases of very real-world and relevant projects and on multiple systems, making it an interesting regression to look at and worth bisecting for an article. # ⚓ OpenZFS_2.1.1_Arrives_As_A_Big_Point_Release_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Following the big OpenZFS 2.1 release from July that brought Distributed SPARE RAID, a compatibility property for pools, and other new features, OpenZFS 2.1.1 is available today as a follow-up release for this open-source ZFS file- system implementation for Linux and FreeBSD systems. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Intel_Talks_More_About_Their_Open-Source_Vulkan_Ray- Tracing_Bring-Up_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Prominent Intel open-source Vulkan Linux driver developer Jason Ekstrand presented at today’s X.Org Developers Conference (XDC2021) about their work on enabling Vulkan ray- tracing support. As has been covered many times already, with forthcoming Xe-HPG graphics card will feature hardware ray-tracing capabilities. While Windows users are getting excited over DirectX 12 DXR prospects with Intel graphics, on the Linux side that is obviously focused on the Vulkan ray-tracing extensions. # ⚓ X.Org_Could_Use_More_Help_Improving_&_Addressing_Its Security_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Those reading Phoronix over the years likely know the X.Org Server has had an increasing number of vulnerabilities come to light in recent times and statements by security researchers like the security being even worse than it looks. Given the age of the X.Org/X11 codebase and many components being rather unmaintained these days, the security situation isn’t that great combined with a lack of manpower. The security topic was under the spotlight today at the XDC2021 conference. # ⚓ Google_Is_Successfully_Using_The_Open-Source_Qualcomm GL/VLK_Drivers_On_Chromebooks_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ It’s been known that Google has been using the open-source “MSM” DRM/KMS driver on Qualcomm-powered devices that originally started out as a reverse-engineered driver project separate from the company. Now it’s also been confirmed how Google is successfully using the open-source Mesa Freedreno OpenGL and TURNIP Vulkan drivers on Qualcomm-powered Chromebooks too. # ⚓ Mesa’s_LLVMpipe_+_Lavapipe_Land_FP16_Support_– Phoronix⠀⇛ The latest work landing for Mesa 21.3 is supporting FP16 within the LLVM-based software driver code namely for the LLVMpipe Gallium3D OpenGL and Lavapipe Vulkan drivers. VK_KHR_shader_float16_int8 and VK_KHR_shader_subgroup_extended_types are now exposed for the LLVMpipe code with this OpenGL FP16 support in place. The Lavapipe Vulkan code is similarly exposing this FP16 support too. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Darktable_3.6.1_Released_with_New_Camera_Support_&_Various Bug-fixes⠀⇛ The free open-source Lightroom alternative, Darktable release version 3.6.1. Here’s what’s new and how to install it in Ubuntu. Darktable 3.6.1 comes with stability improvements and bug-fixes. No new features, but has new camera support, including base support for Leica C-Lux (3: 2), Sony ILCE-7RM3A, Sony ILCE-7RM4A, Nikon D6 (12bit and 14bit), and Nikon Z fc (12bit- and 14bit-compressed). The release also adds noise profile for Ricoh GR III. And here are the bug-fixes according to the release note… # ⚓ Macast_DLNA_Media_Renderer:_Easily_Cast_Videos,_Music_And Pictures_From_A_Phone_To_Your_Compute⠀⇛ Macast is a new free and open source tool to use your computer as a DLNA media renderer, so you can cast videos, pictures and music from your phone (or another computer) to your desktop, kind of like a Chromecast. It’s available for Linux, Microsoft Windows and macOS. The application is very easy to use, shipping with only a tray menu (without any other GUI) from where you can control it, and it uses mpv as the media player. A few days ago, Macast has added the ability to use other media players via plugins, with 3 such plugins being available right now (for IINA on macOS, pi-fm-rds for Raspberry Pi and PotPlayer for Microsoft Windows). You can also write your own plugin. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Watch_commands_and_tasks_with_the_Linux_watch_command_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ See how the watch command can let you know when a task has been completed or a command has been executed. # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_8_–_Creating_Container Templates_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Welcome back to LearnLinuxTV’s full course on Proxmox Virtual Environment! In class #8, we look at the process of converting a container into a template, that can then be used as a basis for launching additional containers. # ⚓ LibreOffice_Master_Document_Fixes⠀⇛ Earlier this year, allotropia software GmbH was awarded a tender to fix a number of problems around the master document feature (Tender to implement master document fixes (#202106-02)) by The Document Foundation (TDF). We have finished implementing the necessary changes, and all fixes will be available for testing in LibreOffice 7.2.2. Using master documents is a somewhat hidden, but extremely useful feature of LibreOffice Writer, when producing longer documents (like books, or the help guides the LibreOffice documentation team is maintaining). With it, users can split a larger document into a number of smaller pieces, to work on independently. If this feature sounds interesting to you, the excellent Writer Guide has a chapter about it. # ⚓ Czech_translation_of_Impress_Guide_7.0_is_here!⠀⇛ # ⚓ 15_Practical_Examples_of_‘echo’_command_in_Linux⠀⇛ The echo command is one of the most commonly and widely used built-in commands for Linux bash and C shells, that typically used in a scripting language and batch files to display a line of text/string on standard output or a file. # ⚓ Plex_repository_for_Linux_–_blackMORE_Ops⠀⇛ Add Plex repository for Linux and Plex Media Server will automatically get updated. # ⚓ How_to_add_system_information_to_the_Linux_desktop⠀⇛ Conky is a system monitor tool for the Linux desktop. With it, users can view everything from their RAM usage, CPU usage, disk usage, and more right on the desktop. Here’s how to get it working on your system. # ⚓ How_to_install_Zoom_on_Linux_Lite_5.4_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install Zoom on Linux Lite 5.4. # ⚓ Check_How_Long_a_Process_Has_Been_Running_in_Linux_– Putorius⠀⇛ Have you ever started a script that needs to run for an extended period of time? Maybe you kicked off a job and it is still running next time you log in? Whatever the situation is, there may be times when it is necessary to check how long a process has been running in Linux. In this short tutorial we will discuss using the ps command to show elapsed time since a process was started. Every time you start a process on a Linux system it is assigned a process id (PID). The system keeps track of this process, it’s elapsed time, and other important information using this process id. Before we can find out how long a process has been running we need to find its PID. # ⚓ How_to_install_FNF_Battle_Royale_Mod_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install FNF Battle Royale Mod on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. If you have any questions, please contact us via a YouTube comment and we would be happy to assist you! # ⚓ How_to_Install_Microsoft_Teams_on_Linux [Ed: Bad idea because it is technically malware]⠀⇛ Communication platforms like Microsoft Teams have become an integral part of everyone’s day-to-day lives. From organizing team meetings in corporates to scheduling classes in educational institutions, Microsoft Teams is used everywhere. But is it available to Linux users? # ⚓ Linux_Essentials_–_Cron_–_Invidious⠀⇛ As Linux server administrators, we need to be able to schedule tasks to run at some point in the future. Perhaps as a one-off command, or a job that’s expected to repeat on some sort of schedule. # ⚓ How_To_Install_and_Configure_Nagios_on_CentOS_8⠀⇛ Nagios is a popular and one of the most powerful open-source computer monitoring systems. It keeps track of your IT infrastructure and ensures that your networks, servers, applications, and processes are running smoothly. Using a monitoring system allows you to identify problems before they occur and deploy fixes quickly resulting in saving of cost and downtime. In this tutorial, you will learn how to install and configure Nagios on a CentOS 8 based server. We will also do some basic configuration and install Nagios Remote Plugin Executor(NPRE), which will allow us to monitor remote hosts. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Wikijs_on_Rocky_Linux⠀⇛ Wiki.js is an open-source wiki software written in JavaScript and running on the Node.js runtime, it’s released under the APGL-v3 license. Wiki.js is a lightweight, and powerful wiki software with a beautiful and intuitive user interface, it’s designed for the modern web. Wiki.js is very extensible wiki software and suitable for different types of documents and deployments, it can be used for both technical and non-technical people. Wiki.js is backed by various types of modules to extend its features and make it a powerful and extensible wiki software. # ⚓ How_to_Install_MongoDB_on_Rocky_Linux_8⠀⇛ MongoDB is an object-oriented, schema-less, NoSQL database server used in developing modern dynamic apps. This implies that data objects are stored as separate documents in a collection unlike in traditional relational databases where rows and columns are used. MongoDB allows for quick traversing of nested data objects without requiring joins which improves performance greatly. MongoDB is written in C++ for massive scalability and flexibility which offers easy querying and indexing for developers. It also provides an aggregation framework that makes it easier to query complex document-based data sets. MongoDB has a rich and vibrant community and offers rich and powerful in-built features which include MapReduce, auto sharding among others. MongoDB runs on all major operating system platforms such as Linux, Windows, Solaris and Mac OS X. It also supports many distributions like Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), CentOS, Ubuntu etc. This tutorial will cover how to install MongoDB NoSQL database on Rocky Linux 8. # ⚓ Bash_Scripting_–_Functions_Explained_With_Examples_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ In Bash shell scripting, functions are ways to group the set of instructions together to get a specific outcome. You can think of functions as a mini script. Functions are also called procedures and methods in some programming languages. Functions are a great way to achieve modularity and reusability. In this article, I will explain how to use functions in bash scripts in Linux with examples. You will be pretty comfortable in using bash functions by the end of this article. # ⚓ How_to_Install_LAMP_Stack_in_AlmaLinux_8.4⠀⇛ LAMP is a popular hosting stack used for developing and testing web applications. It’s an acronym for Linux, Apache, MariaDB, & PHP. Apache is an open-source and widely used web server. MariaDB is an open-source relational database server that stores data in tables inside databases, and PHP is a server-side scripting language used for developing dynamic web pages. In this walkthrough, we will demonstrate the installation of the LAMP stack in AlmaLinux. # ⚓ How_to_Setup_SSH_Passwordless_Login_in_Linux_[3_Easy Steps]⠀⇛ SSH (Secure SHELL) is an open-source and most trusted network protocol that is used to log in to remote servers for the execution of commands and programs. It is also used to transfer files from one computer to another computer over the network using a secure copy (SCP) command and Rsync command. # ⚓ 15_Basic_‘ls’_Command_Examples_for_Linux_Beginners⠀⇛ ls command is one of the most frequently used commands in Linux. I believe the ls command is the first command you may use when you get into the command prompt of Linux Box. We use the ls command daily basis and frequently even though we may not aware and never use all the available ls command tricks. # ⚓ How_to_install_GhostBSD_21.09.06_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install GhostBSD 21.09.06. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Redis_on_Debian_11_Linux_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ Redis is an open-source in-memory database for storing data structure, caching, and as a message broker. It supports data structures such as strings, lists, sets, hashes, sorted sets with range queries, bitmaps, HyperLogLogs, and geospatial indexes with radius queries. Redis has a built-in replication feature, which makes it work as high available clusters in your production environments. This tutorial will help you to install the Redis on Debian 11 (Bullseye) Linux system. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Kali_Linux_in_VMware_[Easily]⠀⇛ Kali Linux is the de facto standard of Linux distributions used for learning and practicing hacking and penetration testing. And, if you’ve been tinkering around with Linux distros long enough, you might have tried it out just out of curiosity. However, no matter what you use it for, it is not a replacement for a regular full-fledged desktop Linux operating system. Hence, it is recommended (at least for beginners) to install Kali Linux using a virtual machine program like VMware. With a virtual machine, you can use Kali Linux as a regular application in your Windows or Linux system. It’s almost the same as running VLC or Skype in your system. There are a few free virtualization tools available for you. You can install Kali Linux on Oracle VirtualBox or use VMWare Workstation. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Java_17_(OpenJDK_17)_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Java is a general-purpose, class-based, object- oriented multipurpose programming language that is popular due to the design of having lesser implementation dependencies, meaning that the compiled Java code can be run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java is also fast, secure, and reliable, therefore. It is widely used for developing Java applications in laptops, data centers, game consoles, scientific supercomputers, cell phones, etc. JDK 17 (OpenJDK 17) has brought forward new language enhancements, updates to the libraries, support for new Apple computers, removals and deprecations of legacy features, and work to ensure Java code written today will continue working without change in future JDK versions. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Microweber_CMS_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Microweber CMS on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Microweber is a free and open- source drag and drops CMS and website builder written in the PHP programming language and the Laravel Framework. Microweber’s drag-and-drop technology and real-time writing and text editing functionality provide a quick and easy way to create your content, helping turn your website into a rich environment for you to express your thoughts. It also comes with built-in storefront features, allowing you to create an e-commerce site from which you can sell your products on the Internet. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Microweber CMS on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_OpenStack’s_Keystone_handles_authentication_and authorization_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ OpenStack’s Identity service, Keystone, verifies the user’s identity and provides information about which resources the user has access to. The Keystone project provides authentication, authorization, and other services such as delivering the service catalog, as this diagram shows… o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Get_out_together_in_Escape_Simulator,_a_game_with_‘highly interactive’_escape_rooms_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Playable in solo or online in co-op, Pine Studio (Faraway: Director’s Cut, SEUM: Speedrunners from Hell) have announced their escape room game Escape Simulator is releasing on October 19. “Think you have what it takes to escape? Face ingenuous locks in ancient Egypt. Hack the system in an adrift space shuttle. Decipher mysterious notes in the oddball Victorian library of Edgewood Mansion. Play online with pals for double the fun. Or brave the mysteries alone, with nothing but your smarts to aid you.” [...] The developer has confirmed that it will have full Linux support at release. # ⚓ Grand_Cathay_gets_a_big_introduction_for_Total_War: WARHAMMER_III_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ While it may be sad that Total War: WARHAMMER III has been delayed until 2022 so we’ve got a while to wait, we’re at least getting more info on what will be included like the new Grand Cathay nation. This is the first time for the franchise to see Grand Cathay realised in full. Originally mentioned in the second edition of Warhammer Fantasy Battles and a few random mentions, Creative Assembly teamed up with Games Workshop to pull together everything to create a full army and empire for Total War: WARHAMMER III including their own characters, units, magic, history, and much more. # ⚓ Kingdom_Two_Crowns_will_expand_again_with_Norse_Lands coming_soon_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Kingdom Two Crowns: Norse Lands is the latest announced expansion for the side-scrolling kingdom builder and it sounds like it’s going to be quite an exciting addition. Bringing with it a setting inspired by Norse Viking culture, it’s a whole new campaign that gives you a new setting to build, defend, explore and conquer. “In Norse Lands, players can look forward to unleashing abilities drawn upon from Norse gods, commanding mighty units, building Viking- inspired armaments, solving challenging puzzles, and facing a new enemy Greed.”. # ⚓ Check_out_the_first_hour_of_a_point_and_click_thriller_in Slender_Threads:_Prologue_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Slender Threads: Prologue gives you a small slice of what to expect from the full point and click thriller and it’s out now with a Linux version. # ⚓ City-builder_Nebuchadnezzar_gets_another_huge_upgrade_with fire,_crime_and_diseases_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ A game that at release was pretty good but clearly lacking in many areas, Nebuchadnezzar has expanded yet again with more major new game mechanics. If you bounced off it at release, it’s really time to give it another look. “Nebuchadnezzar is a classic isometric city builder game inviting players to experience the mysterious history and culture of ancient Mesopotamia. In the campaign, players get to rule over influential historical cities filled with magnificent monuments.” # ⚓ SkateBIRD_does_a_fancy_kickflip_onto_Steam_and_itch.io_as it’s_out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Combining tiny little fancy birds with skateboarding is highly unusual but it continues to show how indie developers will try things AAA won’t. SkateBIRD is exactly that and it’s out now. Of course since you’re only tiny, so are the skateparks which are all made from random everyday objects. You get to customize your bird too, as the developer points out that “Skateboarding is all about self-expression, and style is important no matter how small the skater. From cowboy hats, to colorful scarves and backpacks, SkateBIRD’s accessories let each skater’s personality shine. Look fresh while tracking down hidden mixtapes to unlock new songs or have a solo session with low-fi bird-hop beats in the background”. # ⚓ Valheim_update_Hearth_&_Home_is_out_now_with_lots_new_| GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ The big Hearth & Home update for the co-op survival game Valheim is out now and it’s a big one. Touching on many aspects of the game to make it feel quite different overall. Valheim is still mostly the same game but there’s so many tweaks that you’re going to need a fresh world to experience it all. Thankfully characters can move between worlds so it’s not a big issue. However, once you use a character on a new world or play a new world you can’t play it with an older version. # ⚓ Boiling_Steam:_Powered_By_Gitea…_and_Much_More!⠀⇛ How does Boiling Steam work behind the scenes? What’s Gitea? There is not much point in talking about the CMS (Content Management System) we use (WordPress), because that would be a rather boring topic in itself… Rather, how does the small team behind our publication actually organize itself? And what tools do we use and how does Gitea fit into it? [...] Doing Peer Review also works well because we all have different backgrounds, tastes and experiences. If we were all from the same mold, it would not be nearly as helpful, nor let us reach beyond an audience we know individually. Peer Review should not be considered a silver bullet. It will not magically make all errors disappear or render every article perfect. But the more we have feedback, the more we can fix our individual blind spots, so the articles you end up reading are much more robust than their very first draft. There is no set period for Peer Review: it can take a few days to a few weeks, in case the article demands it. I would say that on average it takes 4- 5 days between several rows of feedbacks and a final version. It’s definitely taking more time to follow such a process rather than just writing and pushing articles as soon as we have a draft ready. How do we deal with the fact that articles may take longer to finalize because of them? Well, we ensure we have a constant stream of new potential articles that we are working on: as long as we work on parallel on several of them, we will be able to release a few articles every week, statistically. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ A_couple_of_big_features_for_Thunar⠀⇛ Welcome to my first post-GSoC blogpost. Google Summer of Code might have ended but I’m continuing my daily work on Thunar and Xfce Terminal (more on that later). This blog-post is accompanied by a video that showcases what is written here. # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.23_Beta_Released_As_The_25th_Anniversary Edition⠀⇛ It was in October of 1996 that the KDE desktop environment was founded and as such with marking twenty-five years since its creation, the forthcoming Plasma 5.23 is being advertised as the “25th Anniversary Edition” for the desktop. KDE Plasma 5.23 Beta is out today ahead of the planned official release next month. Plasma 5.23 has a lot of work in store including changes like: - Much improved Wayland support, including better touchpad gestures handling, drag-and- drop between native Wayland and XWayland applications, cursor animation fixes, a new screen rotation animation, and much more. # ⚓ Plasma_25th_Anniversary_Edition_Beta⠀⇛ This is the Beta release of Plasma – 25th Anniversary Edition. To make sure that end- users have the best possible experience with the next version of Plasma, KDE is releasing today this test version of the software. We encourage the more adventurous to test-run it and report problems so that developers may iron out the wrinkles before the final release scheduled for the 12th of October. Plasma 25th Anniversary Edition is a leap forward in the quest for a more performant and usable desktop. We have improved the speed and stability of Plasma, while including changes that make it easier to use both on desktop and touch-enabled devices. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Anaconda_accessibility_improvements⠀⇛ On the Workstation images, accessibility already was at the same level as a finished system would offer. Workstation media run a full Gnome session, with Orca available. The installer does not have to do anything. However, for the Server images the situation is different. The environment is heavily reduced: no sound, no Gnome, no Orca. That also means, no accessibility. Let’s change that! The latest Fedora 35 beta nightly builds now have the brltty screen reader on Server images. Thus far, brltty is enabled only for the console, which requires Anaconda to be started in text mode. There is also no means to configure the brltty session, so autodetection must work for your braille terminal device. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Primed_for_PineTime⠀⇛ There’s something about having a watch that’s special. For me, not only is it a good way to tell the time without looking at my phone, it’s also a way to “accessorize” myself (not into piercings or tattoos, gugh…). I’ve owned watches in the past, but I either lost them or they broke after just a few months of having them (the result of buying cheap watches). These are just standard watches that I’m talking about; smartwatches have the burden of being tied down to a proprietary app on your smartphone in order to get any good use out of them, and what’s more, not only are they generally more expensive than a “dumb” watch, but they also need to be unstrapped from your wrist every week (or maybe every day, depending on what watch you have) and charged so that it can keep telling you the time. Something about the PineTime struck me though. Not just it’s inexpensive price point ($27 at the time of writing this); but also the fact that this is the first smartwatch I’ve ever seen that’s not powered by Google, Samsung, Apple, or the likes of some other wallet-draining corporation. It’s powered by the community, through open-source software. I can rely on the fact that, as long as the developers stay active, I can keep getting updates to my watch indefinitely, and not have to buy a “second-generation” watch just because the guys at the big corps say, “Well, this watch is two years old now; we have a better model that increases the screen size by about 10 pixels, increases the battery by about 2%, and the vibration is just a hair stronger. You have to buy the new model now because we’re not supporting the older model anymore.” None of that BS. The beauty the PineTime also has is that it’s not tied down to one specific type of operating system or firmware. I can use different types of firmware depending on my tastes; by default the PineTime ships with InfiniTime (more on that later), but if I want to change to say, WASP OS, that’s possible. Or any other type of firmware/operating system available. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Cool_happenings_in_Fedora_Workstation_land⠀⇛ Been some time since my last update, so I felt it was time to flex my blog writing muscles again and provide some updates of some of the things we are working on in Fedora in preparation for Fedora Workstation 35. This is not meant to be a comprehensive whats new article about Fedora Workstation 35, more of a listing of some of the things we are doing as part of the Red Hat desktop team. One thing we spent a lot of effort on for a long time now is getting full support for the NVidia binary driver under Wayland. It has been a recurring topic in our bi-weekly calls with the NVidia engineering team ever since we started looking at moving to Wayland. There has been basic binary driver support for some time, meaning you could run a native Wayland session on top of the binary driver, but the critical missing piece was that you could not get support for accelerated graphics when running applications through XWayland, our X.org compatibility layer. Which basically meant that any application requiring 3D support and which wasn’t a native Wayland application yet wouldn’t work. So over the last Months we been having a great collaboration with NVidia around closing this gap, with them working closely with us in fixing issues in their driver while we have been fixing bugs and missing pieces in the rest of the stack. We been reporting and discussing issues back and forth allowing us a very quickly turnaround on issues as we find them which of course all resulted in the NVidia 470.42.01 driver with XWayland support. I am sure we will find new corner cases that needs to be resolved in the coming Months, but I am equally sure we will be able to quickly resolve them due to the close collaboration we have now established with NVidia. And I know some people will wonder why we spent so much time working with NVidia around their binary driver, but the reality is that NVidia is the market leader, especially in the professional Linux workstation space, and there are lot of people who either would end up not using Linux or using Linux with X without it, including a lot of Red Hat customers and Fedora users. And that is what I and my team are here for at the end of the day, to make sure Red Hat customers are able to get their job done using their Linux systems. # ⚓ Christian_F.K._Schaller:_Cool_happenings_in_Fedora Workstation_land⠀⇛ Been some time since my last update, so I felt it was time to flex my blog writing muscles again and provide some updates of some of the things we are working on in Fedora in preparation for Fedora Workstation 35. This is not meant to be a comprehensive whats new article about Fedora Workstation 35, more of a listing of some of the things we are doing as part of the Red Hat desktop team. NVidia support for Wayland One thing we spent a lot of effort on for a long time now is getting full support for the NVidia binary driver under Wayland. It has been a recurring topic in our bi-weekly calls with the NVidia engineering team ever since we started looking at moving to Wayland. There has been basic binary driver support for some time, meaning you could run a native Wayland session on top of the binary driver, but the critical missing piece was that you could not get support for accelerated graphics when running applications through XWayland, our X.org compatibility layer. Which basically meant that any application requiring 3D support and which wasn’t a native Wayland application yet wouldn’t work. So over the last Months we been having a great collaboration with NVidia around closing this gap, with them working closely with us in fixing issues in their driver while we have been fixing bugs and missing pieces in the rest of the stack. We been reporting and discussing issues back and forth allowing us a very quickly turnaround on issues as we find them which of course all resulted in the NVidia 470.42.01 driver with XWayland support. I am sure we will find new corner cases that needs to be resolved in the coming Months, but I am equally sure we will be able to quickly resolve them due to the close collaboration we have now established with NVidia. And I know some people will wonder why we spent so much time working with NVidia around their binary driver, but the reality is that NVidia is the market leader, especially in the professional Linux workstation space, and there are lot of people who either would end up not using Linux or using Linux with X without it, including a lot of Red Hat customers and Fedora users. And that is what I and my team are here for at the end of the day, to make sure Red Hat customers are able to get their job done using their Linux systems. Lightweight kiosk mode One of the wonderful things about open source is the constant flow of code and innovation between all the different parts of the ecosystem. For instance one thing we on the RHEL side have often been asked about over the last few years is a lightweight and simple to use solution for people wanting to run single application setups, like information boards, ATM machines, cash registers, information kiosks and so on. For many use cases people felt that running a full GNOME 3 desktop underneath their application was either to resource hungry and or created a risk that people accidentally end up in the desktop session. At the same time from our viewpoint as a development team we didn’t want a completely separate stack for this use case as that would just increase our maintenance burden as we would end up having to do a lot of things twice. So to solve this problem Ray Strode spent some time writing what we call GNOME Kiosk mode which makes setting up a simple session running single application easy and without running things like the GNOME shell, tracker, evolution etc. This gives you a window manager with full support for the latest technologies such as compositing, libinput and Wayland, but coming in at about 18MB, which is about 71MB less than a minimal GNOME 3 desktop session. You can read more about the new Kiosk mode and how to use it in this great blog post from our savvy Edge Computing Product Manager Ben Breard. The kiosk mode session described in Ben’s article about RHEL will be available with Fedora Workstation 35. # ⚓ Camel_K_Brings_Apache_Camel_to_Kubernetes_for_Event- Driven_Architectures_–_The_New_Stack⠀⇛ Applications have increasingly relied on event-driven architectures (EDAs) in recent years, especially with the advent of serverless and microservices. EDAs decouple an event from the subsequent actions that may follow, as opposed to traditional linear architectures, where an event might be processed in that same code. This decoupling makes EDA processes able to be independently scaled and, while EDA does not strictly require microservices or serverless, the respective loose coupling and the on-demand nature is a perfect fit. In the cloud native world, the focus might often be on the serverless side of things, with Knative or Lambda taking the spotlight, but, as the name might imply, event-driven architecture is nothing without events. Apache Camel K takes Apache Camel, the fundamental piece of enterprise integration software that first came around as a sort of codification of the 2003 book Enterprise Integration Patterns, and brings it to Kubernetes, providing EDA with a multitude of event sources, explained Keith Babo, Director of Product Management at Red Hat. # ⚓ Automated_Live_–_A_Red_Hat_video_collection⠀⇛ Watch Colin and his trusty tech guru Sean discuss how the Red Hat® Ansible® Automation Platform can help improve your business processes and scale for the future. # ⚓ Shenandoah_in_OpenJDK_17:_Sub-millisecond_GC_pauses_| Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Our primary motivation for the Shenandoah OpenJDK garbage collection (GC) project is to reduce garbage collection pause times. In JDK 12, we released the original Shenandoah garbage collector, which implements concurrent heap evacuation, which solved the major problem of cleaning (potentially large) heaps without stopping the application. This version was eventually backported to JDK 11. In JDK 14, we implemented concurrent class unloading, and in JDK 16, we added concurrent reference processing, both of which further reduced pause times in those garbage collection operations. The remaining garbage collection operation under pause was thread- stack processing, which we’ve solved in JDK 17. This article introduces the new concurrent thread-stack processing in Shenandoah GC. Processing thread stacks concurrently gives us reliable sub-millisecond pauses in JDK 17. # ⚓ Applying_DevSecOps_practices_to_Kubernetes:_security analysis_and_remediation⠀⇛ This post explores implementing DevSecOps principles to improve Kubernetes security analysis and remediation across the full development life cycle. # ⚓ The_Enterprisers_Project’s_8th_anniversary:_What’s next_for_CIO_role?_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ At the Enterprisers Project, we have a clear mission: Help CIOs and IT leaders solve problems. That means not only the technology challenges but also the leadership and career varieties. Our IT leadership community succeeds largely because of all your generosity – in sharing real-world lessons learned with your peers. And what unparalleled lessons they were in 2021. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ First_Look:_Ubuntu_21.10_Default_Wallpaper_Revealed⠀⇛ As expected, the new background doesn’t deviate too far from the traditional template and continues the trend of putting a large animal mascot face at the center of a purple and orange gradient… You may notice that the mascot artwork (of the Indri itself) is less stylised than in previous releases. We’ve had oodles of origami-inspired icons (Yakkety Yak, Zesty Zapus); ample angular and/or geometric motifs (Groovy Gorilla, Disco Dingo); and a clutch of companions composed entirely of intersecting concentric rings (Bionic Beaver, Cosmic Cuttlefish, Eoan Ermine, Hirsute Hippo). # ⚓ Linux_Mint’s_New_Website_is_Live_(And_Yes,_It_Looks Fresh)⠀⇛ A brand-new Linux Mint website has gone live. Mint devs said that a revamped homepage was in the work, even inviting the community to get involved in shaping the form and function of it. All of that hardwork has paid off as the new Linux Mint website is online. And it’s looking great… # ⚓ Ubuntu_to_Make_Firefox_Snap_Default_in_21.10⠀⇛ Ubuntu plans to make the Firefox Snap the default version for new installations of Ubuntu 21.10. A feature freeze exception (FFE) filed by Canonical’s Olivier Tilloy will replace the Firefox .deb package in the Ubuntu ‘seed’ with the Snap version. He writes: “Per Canonical’s distribution agreement with Mozilla, we’re making the snap the default installation of firefox on desktop ISOs starting with Ubuntu 21.10.” Firefox is currently distributed via the Ubuntu repos as a deb package. If this feature freeze request is granted users who install Ubuntu 21.10 next month will find the official Snap version of the vaunted web browser there, in its place. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Blog:_Snap_Performance_Skunk_Works_–_Ensuring speed_and_consistency_for_snaps⠀⇛ Snaps are used on desktop machines, servers and IoT devices. However, it’s the first group that draws the most attention and scrutiny. Due to the graphic nature of desktop applications, users are often more attuned to potential problems and issues that may arise in the desktop space than with command-line tools or software running in the background. Application startup time is one of the common topics of discussion in the Snapcraft forums, as well as the wider Web. The standalone, confined nature of snaps means that their startup procedure differs from the classic Linux programs (like those installed via Deb or RPM files). Often, this can translate into longer startup times, which are perceived negatively. Over the years, we have talked about the various mechanisms and methods introduced into the snaps ecosystem, designed to provide performance benefits: font cache improvements, compression algorithm change, and others. Now, we want to give you a glimpse of a Skunk Works* operation inside Canonical, with focus on snaps and startup performance. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi-based_Home_Assistant_Amber_lets_you_build_your own_smart_home_hub_(crowdfunding)⠀⇛ Home Assistant is free and open source home automation software that allows you to control and interact with smart home gadgets. You can install the software on a single-board computer or in a virtual machine on a Windows, Mac, or Linux PC. But soon there may be another option: the Home Assistant team is running a crowdfunding campaign for a purpose-built, customizable smart home hub called Home Assistant Amber. It’s up for pre-order through Crowd Supply and scheduled to ship at the end of June, 2022. # ⚓ ADLINK_COM-HPC_Ampere_Altra_80-core_Arm_server_module targets_embedded_applications⠀⇛ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OPPO_ColorOS_12_(Android_12):_New_features,_release date,_eligible_phones,_and_more_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vivo_Android_12_(Funtouch_OS_12/OriginOS/iQOO_UI_3.0) update_tracker⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12′s_Coolest_Feature_Will_Be_a_Pixel Exclusive_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_handy_hidden_shortcut_for_taking_control_in_Chrome on_Android_|_Computerworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ 3_Ways_to_Enable_and_Use_Parental_Controls_on_Your Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_6_Ways_to_Fix_Android_Phone_Stuck_on_Boot⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sailfish_OS_Verla_introduces_a_new_sharing_system, camera_updates,_and_more⠀⇛ The summer is turning into autumn and it’s again time for a new Sailfish release – the third one this year, having the version number 4.2.0 and bearing the name Verla. The name follows our scheme of Unesco world heritage sites in Finland and Verla is a factory museum and its surrounding area, including an old groundwood mill founded at the end of the 19th century, a part of the history of the paper industry in Finland. As usual, the changes go all over, some easier to notice and some deeper in the software stack. Let’s go now through some of the main items. More details can be found in the release notes. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ It’s_time_enterprise_businesses_place_their_complete_trust in_open_source⠀⇛ Canonical (the company behind Ubuntu) made an important announcement this week. Said announcement was that its managed services had achieved MSP Cloud Verify Certification (MSPCV). According to the company, “The certification further strengthens Canonical’s industry-leading open source offering, reassuring customers in all industries that they can securely consume open source in a regulated fashion that complies with all the industry standards and best practices.” Canonical also mentioned in its PR material that 85% of enterprise businesses have an open source mandate to increase agility and reduce costs. At the same time, Canonical announced the availability of Ubuntu Livepatch on-prem, which is an enhancement to the Ubuntu Livepatch service and provides the basis for an efficient, but fine-tuned continuous vulnerability management on private, hybrid or public clouds. # ⚓ Success_at_Apache:_from_Mentee_to_PMC⠀⇛ This post is about how I became a committer and a Project Management Committee (PMC) member of Apache Airflow, and provides guidance to those new to programming, are new to contributing to open-source projects, and want to become committers and PMC members in their respective Apache projects. About a year and a half after changing my career from electrical engineering to software development, I became a committer and a Project Management Committee member of Apache Airflow. Becoming a committer and a PMC member is a reward and a kind of validation that you are on the right part of your journey. On February 16, 2021, I accepted an invitation to become a committer in Apache Airflow. It came as a surprise, as I was not expecting it. Six months down the line, I received another surprise invitation to become a PMC member in Apache Airflow. These are impressive feats for me because before contributing to Apache Airflow, I didn’t have experience working with other programmers. I was making websites and taught a few friends of mine how to make their own. I didn’t have a mentor, and no one has ever seen my code to advise whether to continue on my journey or drop the idea of becoming a programmer. While I desired to work with experienced programmers to improve my skills, I feared people seeing my code would talk me down. I almost gave up on my journey only to come across an Outreachy post on Twitter looking for interns for open source projects. Outreachy is a tech diversity program that provides three months of paid, remote internships to people underrepresented in tech. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Great_Resignation:_New_gig?_Here_are_7_tips to_ensure_success [Ed: Who does the Firefox blog consider to be its target audience, Mozilla?]⠀⇛ If recent surveys and polls ring true, over 40% of the global workforce is considering leaving their employer this year. Despite COVID-19 causing initial turnover due to the related economic downturn, the current phenomenon coined “The Great Resignation” is attributed to the many job seekers choosing to leave their current employment voluntarily. Mass vaccinations and mask mandates have allowed offices to re- open just as job seekers are reassessing work-life balance, making bold moves to take control of where they choose to live and work. [...] As the Great Resignation continues, it is important to keep in mind that getting a new job is just the start of the journey. There are important steps that you can do, and Firefox and Pocket can help, to make sure that you feel ready for your next career adventure. # ⚓ Firefox_Suggest_is_a_New_Search_Feature_of Mozilla’s_Web_Browser [Ed: Miss the point that this is Mozilla pushing ads ("sponsored") under the guise of "suggest" into Firefox]⠀⇛ Mozilla announced that it’s adding recommendations to the URL bar in Firefox through a new feature called Firefox Suggest. Firefox Suggest is a new custom search and sponsored suggestions feature of Mozilla’s Firefox web browser. The last month Mozilla is quietly testing Firefox Suggest on a limited number of users in the US. Now Mozilla is rolling out a Firefox Suggest feature to all. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ pgexporter_0.1.0⠀⇛ The pgexporter community is happy to announce the initial release version 0.1.0. # ⚓ Pgpool-II_4.2.5_released.⠀⇛ # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_Gets_First_Point_Release,_More_Than 85_Bugs_Were_Fixed⠀⇛ Released less than a month ago, the LibreOffice 7.2 office suite has been already adopted by hundreds of thousands of computer users as it’s another great release of the popular, cross-platform and free office suite that continues to improve the interoperability with the MS Office document formats. Now, LibreOffice 7.2.1 is here as the first maintenance update to the LibreOffice 7.2 series, fixing as many as 87 bugs across all core components. Detailed about these bug fixes are provided in the changelogs from the RC1 and RC2 development milestones. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2.1_Community_available_for_download⠀⇛ LibreOffice 7.2.1 Community, the first minor release of the LibreOffice 7.2 family targeted at technology enthusiasts and power users, is available for download from https:/ /www.libreoffice.org/download/. This version includes 87 bug fixes and improvements to document compatibility. For enterprise-class deployments, TDF strongly recommends the LibreOffice Enterprise family of applications from ecosystem partners, with long-term support options, professional assistance, custom features and Service Level Agreements: https: //www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice- in-business/. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ Create_a_live_chat_support_system_with_this remarkable_Libra_solution:_LiveHelperChat⠀⇛ An interactive chat widget embedded in a website or a web app provides a direct communication live channel between the customer (visitor/ user) and the service provider. Chat widgets are reliable and easy support channels and ticket sources for many enterprise ticketing and support systems. Some CRM solutions have integrated LiveChat support systems and support ticket management solution. We covered 23 open-source CRM solutions here, we recommend checking them out. While many embedded chat widgets come as SaaS, our topic of the day LiveHelperChat is free and open-source. [...] LiveHelperChat is generously released under Apache-2.0 License (Open-source). # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Generate_a_minimal_GStreamer_build,_tailored_to_your needs⠀⇛ GStreamer is a powerful multimedia framework with over 30 libraries and more than 1600 elements in 230 plugins providing a wide variety of functionality. This makes it possible to build a huge variety of applications, however it also makes it tricky to ship in a constrained device. Luckily, most applications only use a subset of this functionality, and up until now there wasn’t an easy way to generate a build with just enough GStreamer for a specific application. Thanks to a partnership with Huawei, you can now use gst-build to generate a minimal GStreamer build, tailored to a specific application, or set of applications. In this blog post, we’ll look at the major changes that have been introduced in GStreamer to make this possible, and provide a small example of what can be achieved with minimal, custom builds. # ⚓ How_to_reach_craftsmanship?_–_vanitasvitae’s_blog⠀⇛ I also taught myself coding. Well, I learned the basics of Java programming in school, but I kept on learning beyond that. My first projects were the typical mess that you’d expect from a beginner which has no idea what they are doing. Later I studied computer science and now I’m just a few credit points away from getting my masters degree. Yet, the university is not the place where you learn to code. They do teach you the basics of how a computer works, what a compiler is and even the theory behind creating your own compilers, but they hardly teach you how to write *good* code. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl_Weekly_Challenge_130:_Odd_Number_and Binary_Search_Tree⠀⇛ # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Debugging_by_starting_a_REPL_at_a_breakpoint_is fun⠀⇛ Hello! I was talking to a Python programmer friend yesterday about debugging, and I mentioned that I really like debugging using a REPL. He said he’d never tried it and that it sounded fun, so I thought I’d write a quick post about it. This debugging method doesn’t work in a lot of languages, but it does work in Python and Ruby and kiiiiiind of in C (via gdb). # ⚓ Crunch_numbers_in_Python_with_NumPy_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ NumPy, or Numerical Python, is a library that makes it easy to do statistical and set operations on linear series and matrices in Python. It is orders of magnitude faster than Python lists, which I covered in my notes on Python Data Types. NumPy is used quite frequently in data analysis and scientific calculations. I’m going to go over installing NumPy, and then creating, reading, and sorting NumPy arrays. NumPy arrays are also called ndarrays, short for n- dimensional arrays. # ⚓ How_I_patched_Python_to_include_this_great_Ruby feature⠀⇛ Ruby, unlike Python, makes lots of things implicit, and there’s a special kind of if expression that demonstrates this well. It’s often referred to as an “inline-if” or “conditional modifier”, and this special syntax is able to return one value when a condition is true, but another value (nil, specifically) when a condition is false. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ Oracle_sets_its_own_JDK_free,_sort_of,_for_a while⠀⇛ Oracle this week made Oracle JDK “available for free,” for personal, commercial and production use, including quarterly security updates, for a limited time. “Free” in this context means the software is now licensed under the Oracle No-Fee Terms and Conditions (NFTC) license, having been previously under the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) License Agreement for Oracle Java SE. But “free” does not mean developers may do as they please. Oracle’s NFTC forbids redistribution of its Java software for a fee. “Free” also does not mean the NFTC license conforms with the Free Software Definition or the Open Source Definition, both of which require allowing fee-based distribution. “Even though it is ‘free to use’ – although not really totally free to use, since commercial use isn’t free to use – that is extremely different from Free Software and Open Source,” said Jim Jagielski, an open source veteran who helped co-found the Apache Software Foundation and now oversees open source at Salesforce. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Ask_Hackaday:_What’s_the_Best_Way_To_Heat_a_Tent_with_a Laptop?⠀⇛ My Hackaday articles are either cranked out on an Asus Chromebook or a 2017-vintage Dell Intel i7 laptop. The Asus isn’t up to much in the heat stakes because it’s designed as a low-power machine with a frugal battery life, but the Dell by comparison is capable of spinning up its fan at the slightest notice. Aside from its four processor cores it has a spinning-rust disk drive that can get nice and toasty, a DVD drive that must be good for a bit of heat, and a nice big LCD that sadly I wasn’t using for heat-making because I needed to sleep. So with Folding@home I was not really using the laptop’s full potential because I was only lighting up the CPU. At idle it used 10W, which Folding@home could push up to 31W. Could I find an algorithm or a piece of software that might push it closer to the limit? Perhaps I could mine a cryptocurrency, maybe farm Chia to warm up that disk drive instead of Folding@home, but it’s worth pointing out that a 2017 Dell with an Intel chipset isn’t going to make me a millionaire. # ⚓ Farewell_Sir_Clive_Sinclair;_Inspired_a_Generation_of Engineers⠀⇛ It is with sadness that we note the passing of the British writer, engineer, home computer pioneer, and entrepreneur, Sir Clive Sinclair, who died this morning at the age of 81 after a long illness. [...] Through the 1980s the computer business foundered and was sold to rival Alan Sugar’s Amstrad, though the Sinclair inventing streak remained undimmed. His C5 electric vehicle was a commercial failure, but it led to his producing a range of electric bicycle add-on products into the ’90s that forestalled today’s electric bike boom by several decades. He wasn’t quite finished with computers though, as his Cambridge Z88 of 1987 was an LCD portable that ran from AA batteries and provided useful on-the-road office facilities. Aside from an array of always interesting but sometimes under-engineered technology products, Sir Clive’s true legacy lies in the generations who benefited from his work. Whether he introduced them to electronics in the 1960s through his writing, or introduced them to computing in the 1980s though the magic of Sinclair Basic, he delivered the impossible straight from science fiction to an affordable Christmas present. There is a whole cohort of engineers and software developers in the UK and other countries whose first experience of a computer had a Sinclair logo and who learned about memory mapping the ZX way. For us Sir Clive’s companies and products provided a career and a lifelong interest, and there will be few other individuals with such a lasting effect on us. Clive Sinclair, thank you! o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Foundation_and_Fintech Open_Source_Foundation_Announce Keynote_Speakers_for_Open_Source Strategy_Forum_London_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Linux_Foundation_and_Fintech Open_Source_Foundation_Announce Keynote_Speakers_for_Open_Source Strategy_Forum_London_2021⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, along with co-host Fintech Open Source Foundation (FINOS), a nonprofit whose mission is to accelerate adoption of open source software, standards and best practices in financial services, today announced keynote speakers for Open Source Strategy Forum London (OSSF). The event takes place October 5, preceded by a FINOS Member event on October 4, in London, England. The schedule can be viewed here and the keynote speakers can be viewed here. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (sssd), Fedora (libtpms and vim), openSUSE (kernel and php7-pear), Oracle (kernel), Slackware (curl), and Ubuntu (libgcrypt20 and squashfs- tools). # ⚓ Travis_CI_flaw_exposed_secrets_of_thousands_of open_source_projects [Ed: Hidden cost of bloat, but Microsoft-funded Ars 'Tech'nica spins this as an "Open Source" problem]⠀⇛ A security flaw in Travis CI potentially exposed the secrets of thousands of open source projects that rely on the hosted continuous integration service. Travis CI is a software-testing solution used by over 900,000 open source projects and 600,000 users. A vulnerability in the tool made it possible for secure environment variables—signing keys, access credentials, and API tokens of all public open source projects—to be exfiltrated. # ⚓ Travis_CI_flaw_exposed_secrets_of_thousands_of open_source_projects_(ars_technica)_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Any project storing secrets in this service would be well advised to replace them. # ⚓ The_long-term_consequences_of_maintainers’ actions_–_Ariadne’s_Space⠀⇛ OpenSSL 3 has entered Alpine, and we have been switching software to use it over the past week. While OpenSSL 1.1 is not going anywhere any time soon, it will eventually leave the distribution, once it no longer has any dependents. I mostly bring this up because it highlights a few examples of maintainers not thinking about the big picture, let me explain. First, the good news: in distribution- wide rebuilds, we already know that the overwhelming majority of packages in Alpine build just fine with OpenSSL 3, when individually built against it. Roughly 85% of main builds just fine with OpenSSL 3, and 89% of community builds with it. The rebuild effort is off to a good start. Major upgrades to OpenSSL are not without their fallout, however. In many cases, we cannot upgrade packages to use OpenSSL 3 because they have dependencies which themselves cannot yet be built with OpenSSL 3. So, that 15% of main ultimately translates to 30-40% of main once you take into account dependencies like curl, which builds just fine with OpenSSL 3, but has hundreds of dependents, some of which don’t. A major example of this is mariadb. It has been known that OpenSSL 3 was on the horizon for over 4 years now, and that the OpenSSL 3 release would remove support for the classical OpenSSL programming approach of touching random internals. However, they are just now beginning to update their OpenSSL support to use the modern APIs. Because of this, we wound up having to downgrade dozens of packages which would otherwise have supported OpenSSL 3 just fine, because the maintainers of those packages did their part and followed the OpenSSL deprecation warnings as they showed up in OpenSSL releases. MariaDB is a highly profitable company, who do business with the overwhelming majority of the Fortune 500 companies. But yet, when OpenSSL 3 releases started to be cut, they weren’t ready, and despite having years of warning they’re still not, which accordingly limits what packages can get the OpenSSL 3 upgrade as a result. # ⚓ Level_up_your_digital_security_hygiene! Cybersec_Charcha_#5⠀⇛ By popular demand from our staff and community members, this edition of cybersec charcha will explore the basic digital security hygiene practices everyone should follow and how they protect your information from falling into the wrong hands. As attacks like Pegasus gain more limelight and become part of public knowledge, many of us feel that there is nothing we can do to protect ourselves. And currently, this stands true for sophisticated attacks like Pegasus. However, it’s important to remain cognizant that every time someone’s data is compromised, it’s not because they were targeted with a military grade spyware. It’s crucial for us to be aware of our personal threat levels. This threat level can be determined through a process called Threat Modelling. # ⚓ Microsoft_Releases_Security_Update_for_Azure Linux_Open_Management_Infrastructure [Ed: This is how CISA covers Microsoft_‘bug_doors’_inside Linux] ⠀⇛ Microsoft has released an update to address a remote code execution vulnerability in Azure Linux Open Management Infrastructure (OMI). An attacker could use this vulnerability to take control of an affected system. # ⚓ Drupal_Releases_Multiple_Security_Updates⠀⇛ Drupal has released security updates to address multiple vulnerabilities affecting Drupal 8.9, 9.1, and 9.2. An attacker could exploit some of these vulnerabilities to take control of an affected system. # ⚓ New_Go_malware_Capoae_targets_WordPress installs,_Linux_systems [Ed: Charlatans and frauds at ZDNet now try to blame some malware that targets WordPress on “Linux” and on the programming language the malware is written in (Go); this isn’t journalism and it’s even lower than tabloid level. Part_of_a_trend. Imagine ZDNet blaming Photoshop holes on Windows and on C++ (if some malware is coded in that language).]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy_Now:_NSO_Group_Spies_Secretly_Seized Control_of_Apple_Devices_by_Exploiting_Flaw_in Code_–_The_Citizen_Lab⠀⇛ Ron Deibert joined Democracy Now to discuss how Citizen Lab research of a zero-click zero-day exploit—used by NSO Group—led Apple to issue a patch to over 1.65 billion products. # ⚓ Theory_confirmed:_Lumen_Black_Lotus_Labs discovers_Linux_executable_files_have_been deployed_as_stealth_Windows_loaders [Ed: WSL was always a security joke; it's compromised, totally controlled by Microsoft, and only a fool would call that "Linux"]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Theory_confirmed:_Lumen_Black_Lotus_Labs discovers_Linux_executable_files_have_been deployed_as_stealth_Windows_loaders [Ed: They've paid to spread this misleading thing which conflates WSL with "Linux"]⠀⇛ # ⚓ ACSC_Releases_Annual_Cyber_Threat_Report⠀⇛ The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) has released its annual report on key cyber security threats and trends for the 2020–21 financial year. The report lists the exploitation of the pandemic environment, the disruption of essential services and critical infrastructure, ransomware, the rapid exploitation of security vulnerabilities, and the compromise of business email as last year’s most significant threats. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Jamaica_is_poised_to_end_data_privacy⠀⇛ Last week, Renae Green was glancing over the latest version of Jamaica’s draft digital ID bill when she came across a section of text that made her uneasy. Green, the executive director of the trans rights nonprofit TransWave Jamaica, had been following the twists and turns of a years-long political effort to roll out a digital ID system that would provide Jamaicans with a national identity card while collecting their personal information and biometric data. The latest attempt would require any Jamaican who wants to apply for an ID to give authorities documentation showing their sex assigned at birth, which would be displayed on the back of the card. Green fears that this requirement could create considerable risks by “outing” trans Jamaicans who don’t identify with their sex assigned at birth, exposing them to possible discrimination and violence while they use the card in their daily lives. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Anti-laundering_unit_goes_off-grid,_fraying_Afghan_ties_to global_finance⠀⇛ A unit in Afghanistan’s central bank leading a 15- year effort to counter illicit funding flows has halted operations, four staff members said, threatening to hasten the country’s slide out of the global financial system. Since 2006, the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Center of Afghanistan (FinTRACA) has gathered intelligence on thousands of suspicious transactions and helped convict smugglers and terrorist financiers, according to its website. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ So,_Why_Are_Hyperlinks_Blue,_Anyway?⠀⇛ You’ve no doubt noticed by now that while some links are gold and/or bold, most links out there are blue, especially on web pages of yore. But why? the TL;DR answer is that the Mosaic browser, released in early 1993 used blue links, and since the browser was widely distributed, blue just became the norm. Okay, fine. But why did they choose blue? That’s a question that requires a deep dive into technology through the ages as the Web and personal computing developed in tandem. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Hacking_a_Robot_Vacuum_to_Write_a_Replacement_App⠀⇛ Not only is this creepy, it also means that if the manufacturer were to shut down the server, the app would stop working entirely. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6341 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 75 seconds to (re)generate ⟲