𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Friday, September 17, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sat 18 Sep 02:39:59 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/17/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di QmbgQV95aJhhYgZGckMiakNeEJ9krzrNcrk4zKkbrd4BuL QmREjs3AhXCDGyuDLhJQs4HRtxWdtcC2X5PyZCi7atJ2WK QmZgjV9VWmqRr2AHmnw53nRRPSBz1FStdKpPNWXKJpwnxG QmPXDc7XRSN2iYifnk9Qy37k49nZ1PVFnUcWSu4ZYabWm9 QmSqRsSaXYEhkCyiyX1JjT7EvRcR9y8SJru8vSVjuiWdEx QmWeVT3WPnEgrznV9jLtoyGa5UDHpbqvCDpFqwuPKnej6m QmbaP7TZ7mUw8pw3WX69cx9hqp8d55jJqWB83KGsmqW96k QmVBf9Bmz3JivTW38Gq44pXRkh6W4noQBtoFameFgXZ8DU QmWGNG7373TNKDtEYo1q57qkgigkeBH51AH8LfDuQhET94 Qmd1j5aPQfEXy7BPbGLFEauDF57nERBXCoCyByfVV29jwD QmQArT4hGt9DGbzeQe46houAtDEoRgo6yuyQNTYhu4fUWa QmRQrMxBHfwwYFakm7kaFrHCGe51siakxNU6w9Z1SnmmSD QmcMxMu1mpdqgj3DsyKreqYUhQWgSSuXM2hkpD8u5qhFQx QmUnQ1KgLk5TqpmioRpKSTQMgTjk8uPKTKhNxDBwtV545z QmUPLCS39mA6XaZmdzwh1WbF8ry8hiVAzuaf4P9A1AmKbd QmNdAU6bFwZMUbnvK1m3e7aSwoHNFY97JdqWjpMVzvVT6V QmSDxEDkdmunKoZmMNVwhKaEKpJYVPqrdqPnbEGhNadE9g QmU3Cc6hMhpsNzFQ82J5uqhtgrCrh67mKLmWhYadentK2o QmQacCjdmHDTi18CHZHhTZoQaq1qFiasj5iWoMZ8Fehf5q QmPWMxYuC9jpqYMEsNWeqP6frZMUpZi99XXbWkJNBJUKoi ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ [Meme] Microsoft Loves Linux Bug/Back Doors | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Thursday, September 16, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Lagrange Makes It Easier for Anybody to Use Gemini and Even Edit Pages (With GUI) | Techrights ⦿ IBM is Imploding But It Uses Microsoft-Type Methods to Hide the Demise (Splits, Buybacks, and Rebranding Stunts) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/back-doors-wsl/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/irc-log-160921/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/lagrange-makes-gemini-easy/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/spain-layoffs-ibm/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/manjaro-21-1-3/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/wsl-harm/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 57 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/back-doors-wsl/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/17/back-doors-wsl/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Microsoft_Loves_Linux_Bug/Back_Doors⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Security, Windows at 9:38 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Yesterday: Microsoft_Azure_and_Back/Bug_Doors_in_GNU/Linux:_Fool_Me_Once_(Shame on_You)_/_Fool_Me_Twice_(Shame_on_Me) | Trusting_Microsoft_With_Security_is_a Clown_Show 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Dirty_Things:_I_put_my_GNU/Linux_VM_in_Azure;_Wait_until_she finds_out_his_'desktop'_is_WSL...⦈_ In the news (when they say “Linux” they actually mean Windows): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇New_malware_uses_Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux_for_stealthy attacks⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Theory_confirmed:_Lumen_Black_Lotus_Labs_discovers_Linux executable_files_have_been_deployed_as_stealth_Windows_loaders⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Theory_confirmed:_Lumen_Black_Lotus_Labs_discovers_Linux executable_files_have_been_deployed_as_stealth_Windows_loaders⦈_ Summary: Microsoft is just cementing its status as little but an_NSA_stooge ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠿⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠈⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠒⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⡆⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢃⣼⡧⢿⣦⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠶⠤⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣼⡏⣠⣾⣿⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡨⡅⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⡌⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⣠⣶⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿ ⣿⡉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠙⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠛⠛⢹⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠋⠛⠋⠛⠛⡟⠛⠙⠛⠛⠋⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣔ ⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶ ⣿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⡿⠿⡿⠤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⢿⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣧⣤⣵⣤⣴⣦⣦⣦⣤⣤ ⡀⣀⣀⣁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡷⣈⣉⢁⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠉⢀⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢀⡀⡈⡀⣀⣁⣀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣉⣁⣁⣀⣻⣿⣿ ⠁⠄⠈⠀⠸⠻⢿⡇⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⢸⣧⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⠻⠔⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⡇⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⢻⡇⠻⠛⠟⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠻⢻⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣼⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠻⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣀⣄⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠻⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠟⠛⢻⡿⢿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⡟⠛⢟⠛⡿⡿⡿⠟⠻⡿⡿⠻⣿⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⢻⣿⢿⡛⠻⡿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣤⠈⢰⡇⠰⠆⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⡆⠀⢠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⡇⠸⠇⠐⠀⠀⠀⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠰⡇⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⠸⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣷⡶⠷⢶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣧⣤⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⡷⢾⡶⢶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⠶⡶⠶⣾⣷⣶⠾⠶⠶⢶⣶⣾⣶⣶⠷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⡀⠀⠈⠈⠉⡠⠉⠈⠈⠋⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠸⡇⢸⡅⠈⠁⠈⢩⠉⠉⠉⣿⠁⠈⠁⠉⠈⠈⠈⣨⠉⠉⡁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⢿⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢹⠀⡀⠈⠈⠉⠀⠀⠁⢹⡇⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠈⢁⠈⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣴⣧⣴⣦⣤⣦⣼⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣦⣤⣿⣤⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣷⣤⣼⣧⣤⣴⣤⣴⣤⣤⣼⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠁⠘⠉⠛⠉⠉⠰⠋⠋⠛⠋⠙⠉⠋⠃⣿⠋⠙⠉⠙⡟⠋⠋⢙⠛⠙⠋⠙⠀⠉⠁⢘⠉⣇⠘⠀⠃⡀⠘⠋⠛⢛⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⡇⠘⠋⠛⠋⠛⠋⠀⠛⠉⠛⠋⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣄⣁⣠⣀⡀⢀⣠⣐⣀⣠⠂⣰⣄⣀⣄⣁⣿⣀⣀⣀⣠⣇⣀⣀⣈⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣆⣀⣘⣀⣯⣄⣤⣀⣇⣀⣀⣠⣈⣀⣄⣠⣇⣀⣠⣀⣠⣇⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣄⣀⣀⣿⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠦⠾⠶⠦⠶⠶⠶⠤⠾⠤⠴⠶⠶⠼⠦⠶⠦⠶⠶⢿⣾⣴⣶⣦⣴⣦⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣭⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣇⣈⣈⣀⣿⠟⠛⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣤⣠⣼⣿⣷⣶⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⠉⠉⡁⣉⠉⡍⡉⢉⡉⠉⢁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣉⣍⣩⣈⣁⣉⣈⣁⣉⣅⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⡀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⡄⢸⢩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⠀⠀⠠⠉⠛⠀⢀⡅⢸⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⡇⠌⠉⠂⠈⠉⣻⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡇⡇⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿ ⣁⣁⣀⣆⣀⣀⣄⡁⢀⣶⣄⣀⣀⣀⣡⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣁⣄⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣼⣀⣠⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣬⣀⣈⣈⣀⣀⣀⣣⣄⣀⣠⣀⣀⣴⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣁⣠⣡⣤⣀⣠⣀⣀⣄⣸⣿⣿ ⠟⠟⠛⠟⠟⠛⠻⠛⠛⠟⠀⠩⢩⠛⠟⠀⠁⠹⠟⠛⢻⠉⠿⠛⠛⠟⠛⣿⠙⠻⠟⠿⠻⠛⢿⠇⠠⠻⠛⠛⢁⠛⠛⠟⠛⠟⠈⡿⠻⠟⢻⠿⠛⠛⠿⠻⠏⠘⠉⠸⠏⠘⠈⠁⠛⠛⠋⠨⠟⠛⠻⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⠰⠘⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢾⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣄⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⢿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠋⠻⢿⠟⠛⢿⠿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠙⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡤⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⣤⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⣿⡗⠲⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣷⣤⢤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⡦⣤⣴⣦⣤⣤⣶⣾⣦⠤⢾⣷⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣦⣴⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠁⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢹⣿⡇⢀⣀⡀⠈⠙⡏⠁⣀⡀⠀⢉⠈⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣾⣆⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⡀⠘⢻⡇⠘⠛⠋⠁⢠⣇⠀⠉⠹⠆⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠿⠿⠁⠀⠘⠻⠋⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠻⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠆⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠁⠀⠘⡇⢰⣿⣷⡄⠀⠉⠹⣶⣤⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣾⣿⣇⣀⣸⣿⣯⣄⣀⡀⣀⣠⣧⣀⢀⣀⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⢀⣈⣉⣀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣗⣀⣃⣀⣉⣁⡀⣤⣷⣀⣀⣁⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 293 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/irc-log-160921/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/17/irc-log-160921/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Thursday,_September_16,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:48 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 160921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-160921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-160921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 160921.txt Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmYboFVLNy6aGd4kafcH2RzkX1V5g8haKqjuGYu3cEEgZ8 #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmXNdAgDTh4wf8W2NwQh4KNxopKS2gYjbb7evzXaYUUsDF (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUe7RhudSPKHbpwqfWpaVCC6nyktAQGtiDDh68Re9w6cE social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmVxwBfYLvxgWcB8bt4rCutPGKxKFy9p6UN8fLRTpZ1M6Y social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmNyFRrQAWiXo6kxVrXK68tesuevoGoSMAfqKhnJ7YMZMQ #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmVf1EPFuryeDptwnEvG42EFhhr6MvYGTUiksUHcb6gUcC (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmRanng8hMuW5nYdnw8C2fEKAZgU1DVw4mjr8VAh7rLQ8L #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmaAb7XC3F4aNCJv56nRLoM7g9kNePpqw1UkqzHKfkYJFw (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmPWMxYuC9jpqYMEsNWeqP6frZMUpZi99XXbWkJNBJUKoi ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 422 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/lagrange-makes-gemini-easy/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/17/lagrange-makes-gemini-easy/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Lagrange_Makes_It_Easier_for_Anybody_to_Use_Gemini_and_Even_Edit_Pages_(With GUI)⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Review at 9:11 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum ec192ce38f3d4d9773021d2d3f9b5149 http://techrights.org/videos/lagrange-latest.webm Summary: Gemini_protocol_and/or_Gemini_space are easy for anyone to get_started with or fully involved in (writing and creating, not just reading); today we take a look at the new version of Lagrange (it was first introduced_here back in March and covered again in_April), which I installed earlier today because it contains a lot of improvements, including the installation process (now it’s just a click-to-run AppImage) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇OMG! Command line! OK, this is better...⦈ LAST night Andrew Thorp wrote in the Gemini mailing lists: “While I like a good technical blog as much as the next software engineer, does anyone know of some good non-technical capsules ? In particular I enjoy reading about hiking, gardening, and photography. I don’t mind if the capsule contains technical content, but it’s nice to read something softer.” It’s not controversial to say that Gemini is popular among geeks and developers; for mass adoption we’ll need to make it easier and welcoming to lesser- or differently-technical people, as well as foster “content” to that effect. It was the same with the World Wide Web in its early days (early 1990s). Techrights_on_Gemini is mostly technical, but the Daily Links are not limited to technology. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Gemini:// is different; It's like http:// but simpler⦈ Contrary to how it may seem on the surface, as many early adopters are also command line lovers, one needn’t have any knowledge beyond the level of using a Web browser (or accessing the Web) in order to embrace/use Gemini. One existing barrier is the lack of software in repositories and “stores”; in due time, however, given the phenomenal growth of Gemini, we reckon we’ll leave this obstacle behind us. As noted here before, creating and managing a Gemini capsule is a lot simpler than running a Web site and editing Web pages (there are also GUIs for it, as shown_below). As the media refuses to cover Gemini (publishers’ agenda has its lousy reasons) it remains highly important to spread the word. In the video above I sort of ‘review’ the latest version of Lagrange, which as far as I’m aware is the most advanced Gemini client/browser. It’s still actively developed, it is very popular, and its development is self-hosted, which is a positive sign. Now it’s possible to install and run it by just downloading a single file (the AppImage object), then double-clicking it. It ought to help by lowering the entry barrier. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lagrange_editing⦈_ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠘⢾⡿⠟⠿⡿⡏⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢀⣰⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣩⠀⠀⠈⠃⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⣿⣷⣤⣤⣶⣿⣦⣤⣴⡟⠶⠒⠲⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⠀⢠⡘⠟⢃⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠃⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠹⣿⣦⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠀⣴⣿⢿⣶⠀⣿⣿⣠⣿⣿⠀⣶⡿⣿⣦⢸⣿⡇⠀⣰⣿⢿⣷⡄⣴⡿⣿⣦⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⣿⣧⢸⣿⢸⣿⡿⣷⡆⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⡐⣿⠆⣿⡿⠿⢸⣿⠃⠘⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣉⣉⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠘⠛⠃⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣷⣿⠀⣿⣷⣤⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⢘⣿⠀⠀⢿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣇⡀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢿⣿⡀⣿⣇⣀⢘⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⡀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠛⠃⠛⠘⠛⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⠘⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠈⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠀⠛⠃⠛⠃⠙⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠘⠛⠛⠃⠛⠃⠘⠛⠘⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⢀⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣴⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⢴⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣴⣠⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⢀⣀⡄⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀ ⡇⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⡉⠛⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡗⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠛⡧⠀⢹⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢁⣴⣶⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢨⣼⣿⣄⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣿⠿⠿⠿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⠟⢶⣤⡄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢠⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂ ⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠇⣰⣿⢘⠻⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⣬⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠉⠀⠀⠘⣿⡏⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡟⠘⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣉⣠⣄⡀⢠⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⡇⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⡷⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣼⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢳⡖⠀⣄⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⣛⠅⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠟⠀⠛⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡄⠀⠻⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠊⠁⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⢟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣷⠀⠀⠈⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⡿⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠿⢻⣽⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⡂⢀⣤⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⣿⡿⠾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿ ⣤⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠖⠀⣶⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣰⣿⢿⣷⣽⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣿⢹⣿⡿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⣦⣭⡸⣿⣾⣝⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣷⡏⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⢰⣶⢹⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣟⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣏⣓⠏⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠸⢿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣛⣳⣞⣛⣣⣿⣿⣮⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣛⣛⣛⣃⣛⣛⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⢠⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡽⣿⢿⣭⢻⡟⣭⣭⣭⣟⢿⣭⡝⣯⣽⣯⣭⣭⣭⢹⡟⣭⣭⣭⡟⣭⣭⢡⣤⣤⣩⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⡀⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠙⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⡏⢹⣿⡏⣩⢹⣿⡏⢹⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣏⣿⢷⡿⣼⡟⣾⡇⣿⣿⣹⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡍⣿⣿⢩⣾⡸⣿⣧⡛⠇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣷⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣉⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠙ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⢻⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢹⢸⣿⡇⢿⣿⡟⣛⣧⣿⡿⣼⡟⣾⢳⣿⢹⣿⡇⣿⣿⢻⣷⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⢸⣿⢗⣭⡿⣿⣧⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠃⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⣀⣠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢾⢸⣿⡇⣸⣿⡇⣿⣏⣶⣦⣿⣻⡟⣾⣏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⡿⣙⢿⣷⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⡎⢿⣷⣿⠟⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⣿⢻⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⢿⣿⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⡄⠀⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⣀⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣧⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⣶⣦⡄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠟⢇⣀⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠘⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⡌⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡁⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⣠⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠋⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⡄⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠘⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣴⣟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢳⣭⣿⡢⠀⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢯⣴⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠳⠣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⣤⣄⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠯⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⢀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣛⣻⣿⡟⠁⠀⠠⠾⠋⠉⠀⠀⠈⠋⠁⠀⠈⠒⠤⠀⠀⠈⠻⡿⢿⠟⠀⠀⠀⢻⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⡟⠙⠿⠉⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⡏⢸⣿⣛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣶⡿⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠿⠧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣀⠿⠻⠻⠋⠉⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⢈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⣶⣶⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣠⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠟⠀⠴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠻⠟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠭⠭⠍⠭⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⡿⠿⠽⠿⠯⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠿⠿⠯⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠽⠯⠯⠿⠿⣿ 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═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/17/spain-layoffs-ibm/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/17/spain-layoffs-ibm/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IBM_is_Imploding_But_It_Uses_Microsoft-Type_Methods_to_Hide_the_Demise_ (Splits,_Buybacks,_and_Rebranding_Stunts)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, IBM at 6:21 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 2fce460539288ff87cc2b2a19407d1d0 http://techrights.org/videos/ibm-layoffs-status.webm Summary: A combination of brain drain (exodus) and layoffs (a lack of budget combined with inability to retain talent or attract the necessary staff with sufficiently competitive salaries) dooms IBM; but the media won’t be mentioning it, partly because a lot of it is still directly sponsored by IBM SOME weeks ago we wrote about ongoing IBM layoffs and the conspicuous_lack_of media_coverage (“Media Is Not Mentioning Those Layoffs At All”). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇1 Hour Here Is 7 Years on Earth: 1 year in IBM is Hell; People leaving in droves⦈ It’s not hard to find out what goes on behind the scenes, based on insiders or many threads like_this_ones with legitimate comments. It is possible to learn a lot if occasional trolls can be ignored/ skipped (they do exist) and links are occasionally added, so one can moreover corroborate. Based on stories told, IBM is offering existing employees some money just to leave of their own volition, making these layoffs or sacking numbers seem smaller (voluntary departures, or an exodus). Contrariwise, in some cases they pay vast amounts of money just to keep onboard key or strategic employees (usually managers) who wish to flee the company because they see no future to it. It is a sinking ship. “It’s very important for those of us who remember which company makes all the decisions at Red Hat.”As the old saying goes, the truth is somewhere ‘in between’, but no doubt there are profound issues at IBM and even a crisis — one that media shies away from covering. It’s very important for those of us who remember which company makes all the decisions at Red Hat. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡡⠤⠄⠒⠒⠒⠒⠤⠤⡄⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠠⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠒⠂⠠⢄⡉⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⠏⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂⠁⠘⠛⠟⠛⢻⣿⠿⠻⣻⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣁⡴⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⠚⢿⡟⢀⡆⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠄⠀⠀⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⣤⡿⣿⣿⣟⡈⢛⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠏⠀⠀⣀⣴⡿⢟⡾⠂⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢉⠴⠟⣛⣛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣁⣠⡴⠿⠛⠉⠐⠋⠁⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣞⣅⣴⣤⢤⣤⣴⣶⣀⣐⣭⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣻⣿⣿⠭⢬⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠚⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣬⣩⣉⣁⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⣿⣯⣿⢿⣿⠟⠹⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠀⠀⣀⣿⣏⣀⡀⠙⠛⠷⣾⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⠈⠉⢻⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⠷⠶⠿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣼⡟⠿⠿⢷⠾⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⣸⣷⣾⣿⣿⣭⣍⣭⣯⣉⠉⢙⠻⢿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠞⠁⢀⣴⣿⠟⠉⠉⣁⣠⣩⣭ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠶⠦⠐⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠋⣩⣭⣯⣳⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡜⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⢇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠚⠁⢀⣴⡮⠉⠁⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣅⢠⡄⠀⠀⠸⣿⣷⢘⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⡩⠞⠀⢿⠟⠢⢶⣤⡤⠀⢀⣴⠞⠁⠀⠤⠛⠋⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⡇⠀⢹⣷⣼⡟⣿⣿⠿⢀⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢻⣷⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⣧⢸⣿⣿⣸⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢠⣿⡿⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡿⠇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⠶⢸⣿⢹⣧⢸⣿⢾⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⢾⣯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⠻⣿⣦⡀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡷⠆⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣏⢿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢸⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠘⣿⣧⣿⠇⠀⣾⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⡄⣿⣧⡄⣿⣧⡄⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣀⣀⣈⣁⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠈⠉⢁⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣹⣿⣿⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠚⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠑⢤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠹⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠒⠲⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣻⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡟⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢛⣍⠉⠛⡿⡿⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⡡⣿⡏⠈⠻⠃⢀⣀⣀⣤⢶⣶⣶⣶⡞⠷⠿⡄⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⡿⠀⢠⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠄⢀⣽⣿⠟⠃⠀⢀⡈⣉⠁⠀⣀⣴⣾⣷⣤⣧⠠⠔⠺⠿⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡄⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡴⠏⠀⠈⠙⠁⣴⣿⡆⣦⡈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠷⠷⠿⠿⠿⠶⠆⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡀⠀⢻⣆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠙⠁⠀⢀⣤⣴⣾⠿⣫⣾⠏⠁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠔⣛⣉⣭⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣉⣀⣤⣴⠿⠛⠉⠁⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣠⠴⠟⢉⣉⣩⣍⣉⡛⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠶⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠆⠀⠇⠴⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡷⠄⠈⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠋⢉⣨⣹ ⠀⢠⣤⣤⣀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣤⣤⡀⢠⣤⣤⡀⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⠀⠀⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⢠⡄⢀⣤⣤⡀⠀⢠⣤⢠⣄⢠⣤⠀⢠⣤⣤⣀⢠⣤⣤⣀⢀⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⢀⣤⣤⡉⠛ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣉⢸⣿⢿⣷⢸⣿⣹⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣍⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣍⢀⣿⢿⡇⢹⣿⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⡇⣿⡇⠿⠇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣼⣿⠀⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣸⡿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣼⡿⣿⣿⡁⢿⣧⣛⠃⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⡏⠁⢸⣿⣉⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⠉⠁⣿⣇⣸⣿⣉⡀⠀⣿⣇⣸⣿⣉⣸⣿⣼⣷⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⡟⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣁⣤⡝⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠘⠛⠃⠀⠘⠛⠛⠈⠛⠛⠁⠘⠛⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠀⠛⠛⠁⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠃⠘⠛⠛⠃⠀⠘⠛⠘⠃⠘⠛⠀⠘⠛⠛⠋⠘⠛⠘⠛⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠛⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠛⠛⠁⣰ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 739 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_17/9/2021:_Ubuntu_18.04.6_LTS,_Manjaro_21.1.3,_“2021_is_the_Year_of Linux_on_the_Desktop”⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 4:32 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Best_Linux_Gaming_Laptop?_Juno_Neptune_15_Review⠀⇛ If I had to pinpoint something to criticize, it’s not something related to the actual hardware, but rather the operating system. Offering Ubuntu 20.04 pre-installed is certainly a safe and sane choice, but other Linux PC companies like Star Labs, Slimbook and TUXEDO Computers offer a handful of distro options. # ⚓ 2021_Is_the_Year_of_Linux_on_the_Desktop⠀⇛ It’s the year of Linux on the desktop! Thirty years into the life of Linux, it seems like people have said that every year. But now it’s really true, and it’s true because Linux found its real niche—not as a political statement about “free software,” but as a practical way to enable capable, low-cost machines for millions. Linux was founded on the desktop, as one man’s project to create an alternative OS for his Intel- based PC. So it’s understandable that Linux fans have been focused on desktops and laptops as a sign of success—and not, say, servers, or IoT, or drones. They can finally rest easy. Walk into any school now, and you’ll see millions of Linux machines. They’re called Chromebooks. Chrome OS and Android are both based on the Linux kernel. They don’t have the extra GNU software that distributions like Ubuntu have, but they’re descended from Linus Torvalds’ original work. Chromebooks are the fastest growing segment of the traditional PC market, according to Canalys. IDC points out that Canalys’ estimates of 12 million Chromebooks shipped in Q1 2021 are only a fraction of the 63 million notebooks sold that quarter, but once again, they’re where the growth is. Much of that is driven by schools, where Chromebooks dominate now. Schoolkids don’t generally need a million apps’ worth of generic computing power. They need inexpensive, rugged ways to log into Google Classroom. Linux came to the rescue, enabling cheap, light, easy-to-manage PCs that don’t have the Swiss Army Knife cruft of Windows or the premium price of Macs. # ⚓ Someone_Made_Ubuntu_Look_Just_Like_Windows_11⠀⇛ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Full_Circle_Weekly_News_#227⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_Laptop_Review:_Gaming_on_the_Juno_Neptune_15_v2_– Invidious⠀⇛ The Neptune 15 v2 from Juno Computers is a badass Linux laptop with a secret weapon: a dazzling 240Hz display. It might be the best gaming laptop I’ve used in 2021. # ⚓ Linux_overview_|_Kali_Linux_2021.3_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of Kali Linux 2021.3 and some of the applications pre- installed. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LVFS_Serves_Up_2+_Million_Firmware_Downloads_In_The_Past Month_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The Linux Vendor Firmware Service (LVFS) in conjunction with FWUPD for offering easy-to-deploy firmware updates on Linux continues its meteoric rise. The past few years LVFS/FWUPD has enjoyed growing adoption by hardware vendors for providing firmware updates to Linux users from various peripherals to motherboard UEFI firmware updates. LVFS/FWUPD has been instrumental in establishing the firmware updating ecosystem on Linux. # ⚓ The_Current_State_Of_Intel_Discrete_Graphics_On_Linux: Almost_“Fully_Functional”_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Along with bringing up DG2/Alchemist graphics card support on Linux, Intel engineers have been working to square away their support for the DG1 developer graphics card. This week thanks to XDC2021 is a fresh status update about what is working with this initial Intel graphics card on their open-source driver and what remains in the works. # ⚓ The_Increasing_Importance_Of_ACPI_Platform_Profiles_With Today’s_Throttle-Happy_Hardware_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ As covered several times going back to the end of last year, ACPI Platform Profile support has materialized in recent versions of the Linux kernel for the core infrastructure and implementations that work with the latest laptops from the likes of Dell, Lenovo, ASUS, and HP. This platform profile support is becoming increasingly important with expressing your power/cooling/performance preference so that your laptop behaves as one would expect. While it would be nice to have a modern, slim notebook that can run at full-speed without throttling so quickly, that unfortunately is increasingly rare with today’s processors and vendors going for increasingly thin designs that means compromising thermals. Plus with today’s increasingly complicated processors and Intel SoCs requiring Thermald and now with ACPI platform profiles becoming necessary, it has rather complicated the Linux support. # ⚓ Intel’s_PSH_ISHTP_Driver_Readied_On_Linux_For_Systems Wanting_To_Forego_A_Traditional_EC_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ It looks like Intel’s ISHTP_ECLITE driver will be ready for mainlining in Linux 5.16 as a driver for newer systems skipping out on a traditional embedded control (EC) and instead using this EC- like IP as part of their Programmable Service Engine subsystem. This driver allows accessing the Intel Programmable Service Engine (PSE) using the Integrated Sensor Hub Transport Protocol (ISHTP) beginning with Intel’s Elkhart Lake platform. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Experimenting_Is_Underway_For_Rust_Code_Within_Mesa_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Longtime Mesa developer Karol Herbst who has worked extensively on the open-source NVIDIA “Nouveau” driver as well as the OpenCL/ compute stack while being employed by Red Hat is now toying with the idea of Rust code inside Mesa. Karol Herbst has begun investigating how Rust code, which is known for its memory safety and concurrency benefits, could be used within Mesa. Ultimately he’s evaluating how Rust could be used inside Mesa as an API implementation as well as for leveraging existing Mesa code by Rust. # ⚓ KWinFT_Continues_Working_On_WLROOTS_Render,_Library Split⠀⇛ KWinFT as a fork of KDE’s KWin X11/Wayland compositor code continues making progress on driving fundamental display improvements and ironing out the Wayland support. KWinFT has been transitioning to use WLROOTS for its Wayland heavy-lifting and that process remains ongoing. KWinFT has also been working on splitting up its library code to make it more manageable and robust. Among the features still desired by KWinFT and to be worked on include input methods, graphical tablet support, and PipeWire video stream integration. Currently there are two full-time developers working on the project but they hope to scale up to four to five full-time developers. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Apps:_Ventoy_now_available_with_GUI⠀⇛ Ventoy 1.0.52 update now available with GUI on Linux, Ventoy is an open source tool for creating bootable USB drives. It was originally released as a command line program. A web UI was introduced later in March this year, but it wasn’t really functional or easy to use. These days the developers have announced the first version of Ventoy with a native Linux GUI. # ⚓ Spotify_Linux_Client_(Finally)_Fixes_Its_Annoying_Bug [Ed: Spotify itself is a bug in the surveillance sense]⠀⇛ An update to the official Spotify Linux client is rolling out. Spotify doesn’t publish change-logs for Linux client updates but a couple of very noticeable improvements come bundled up in the latest build. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Install_LEMP_Stack_(Nginx,_PHP_and_MariaDB)_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ A LEMP Stack is a set of open-source software and frameworks or libraries that are used to host web applications on the internet. A stack consists of Linux operating system, Nginx web server, MariaDB/ MySQL database server, and PHP language. A LEMP has good community support and is used in many highly scaled web applications around the globe. In this post, we will show you how to install the LEMP stack on Debian 11. # ⚓ Linux:_Install_automatic_package_updates_for_Debian, Ubuntu,_Raspi_OS_&_Co.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Organize_your_Magic:_The_Gathering_decks_with_Magic Assistant_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ It remains popular today because of its great flexibility. With more than 25,000 unique cards published over nearly three decades, there are enough cards for players to build hundreds of different decks for surprisingly unique gameplay experiences. Along with this flexibility, however, there comes a cost: many Magic: The Gathering players collect lots of cards so they can construct lots of different decks, which in turn lets them focus on different win conditions and try out different strategies. It can be quite a job to keep track of 1,000 cards when you only need 60 to 100 for a deck, but the open source application Magic Assistant makes managing your Magic collection easy. # ⚓ Kubernetes_admission_control_with_validating_webhooks_|_Red Hat_Developer⠀⇛ This article describes how to write, configure, and install a simple Kubernetes validating admission webhook. The webhook intercepts and validates PrometheusRule object creation requests to prevent users from creating rules with invalid fields. A key benefit of this approach is that your clusters will only contain prevalidated user- defined rules, resulting in uncluttered configuration across environments. Additionally, imagine there is an external alerting system that leverages fields in these customer-provided rules to make alerting decisions. It is important to ensure the rules are properly formatted, so the alerts are forwarded to the appropriate teams with the correct information. The example here is quite simple, but it can serve as a starting point to cleaner Prometheus installations with minimal errors. # ⚓ GNU_Linux_Debian_–_how_to_create_RAID10_(mdadm_software raid,_basic_benchmarks_4x_Hitachi_HGST_Ultrastar_7K4000)⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_To_Install_phpBB_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install phpBB on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, phpBB is an open-source bulletin board package written in PHP. PhpBB can instantly establish a dedicated space for people to gather and communicate. It also supports popular database engines (MySQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL, etc.), flat message structures, hierarchical sub-forums, user groups, full-text search, plugins, and email notifications. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of phpBB on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_play_games_with_Itch.io_on_Linux⠀⇛ Itch.io is a website that allows independent developers to host, sell and distribute their video games. It is widely known for helping get indie games off the ground. Here’s how to play games with Itch.io on Linux! # ⚓ Get_healthy_reminders_on_the_Linux_desktop_using Stretchly⠀⇛ Stretchly is an app that you can install on the Linux desktop to remind you to stand up, stretch and relax while working. In this guide, we’ll show you how to install Stretchly and how to use it too. # ⚓ How_To_Configure_Apache_Webserver_with_Debian_11_– Unixcop⠀⇛ Here, we will learn to install Apache webserver with Debian 11. In the previous article, we learned to install the LAMP stack with Debian 11. Apache is among the most popular web server. Apache is easy to deploy and manages the servers. # ⚓ How_I_became_a_Linux_sysadmin_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Many of us ended up in an IT job without that original intent. I studied and got my degree and license in electronics and communications engineering, entered the telecom industry as a cadet engineer, and rotated to different teams. On the intelligent networks team, I was introduced to telco charging and billing apps running on proprietary Unix operating systems. Many people starting their careers would probably wonder if is it worth shifting to the IT industry. They might think they’re wasting some of the expertise and credentials they picked up from their academic studies. I’d say it depends on what drives you. I feel lucky to have been given a chance to do it, ending up loving it and the perks it offers—pay grade, flexibility, more opportunities, and ultimately enjoying what I do. It also has its cons: being a sysadmin for mission-critical 24×7 systems, for example. It can come with extreme pressure and demands, but these challenging and stressful situations can help shape you for the bright career that lies ahead. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Nvidia_Drivers_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Nvidia Drivers on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Installing NVIDIA drivers on AlmaLinux is an easy task that can be done in less than a minute. Nvidia driver is needed by your NVIDIA Graphics GPU to function with better performance. Some Linux distributions offer the proprietary driver pre-packaged as part of its standard package repository making the entire Nvidia Linux Driver procedure extremely easy to follow. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Nvidia Drivers on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Add_Repository_to_Debian⠀⇛ APT checks the health of all the packages, dependencies of the package before installing it. APT fetches packages from one or more repositories. A repository (package source) is basically a network server. The term “package” refers to an individual file with a .deb extension that contains either all or part of an application. The normal installation comes with default repositories configured, but these contain only a few packages out of an ocean of free software available. # ⚓ How_to_Gzip_Large_(100GB+)_Files_Faster_in_Linux⠀⇛ Linux users and system administrators will never fail to cross paths with file management routines. As the Linux system, programs, and user files grow from Megabytes to Gigabytes, there is always the need to zip or compress some of your OS-bound files. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Linux_on_Your_Chromebook_|_PCMag⠀⇛ Chromebooks are amazing little machines. Since they run a barebones operating system with just a browser on top, they are often inexpensive, low- powered, and incredibly useful. However, if you want to go beyond the extensions and Android apps Chrome OS offers, installing Linux is your best option. By tapping into Linux-based apps, you can make your Chromebook far more versatile than it was before. However, installing Linux isn’t a simple process, and you’ll need a few things before getting started. Here’s what you need and how to set it all up. [...] Here’s where things get a bit more complex. If you want to run Linux independently of Chrome OS—maybe you don’t really want Chrome OS at all, or maybe you want a separate environment you can muck around in without endangering your Chrome installation—you can install Linux in a more traditional fashion by partitioning the drive and dual-booting it with Chrome OS. Note that this will require dedicating quite a bit of extra space to your Linux installation, which may not be easy on Chromebooks with small amounts of storage. It’ll also wipe your device, so back up important files now before continuing! To dual-boot Linux, I recommend a tool call chrx, which will walk you through the necessary steps. By default, chrx installs GalliumOS, a lightweight distribution based on Xubuntu that’s customized for low-powered Chromebook hardware. If you want things as snappy as possible, GalliumOS is a great choice. However, chrx can also install Ubuntu and Fedora (plus Ubuntu derivatives like Lubuntu and Kubuntu), if you prefer. Before using chrx, you’ll need to enable Developer Mode, as we did when installing Crouton. You may also need to disable write protection and install custom firmware on your laptop, depending on its CPU. Check out this page for compatibility information regarding your specific laptop, and what you’ll need to do. (This custom firmware also allows you to wipe Chrome OS entirely and install Linux on its own, if you prefer that over dual- booting.) # ⚓ How_to_Install_Nodejs_on_Rocky_Linux_8.4⠀⇛ Node.js is a cross-platform java-script runtime for server-side programing language. It’s built on top of Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, allows you to execute JavaScript code on the server-side. As for developers, Node.js allows developers to create scalable backend applications using JavaScript. Also, it’s one of the most popular JavaScript runtimes among full-stack and front-end developers. Node.js has become more popular and become an essential part of building server-side and networking applications, also became an industry standard. It can be used to create applications for different platforms, including backend/server applications, desktop applications, web applications/front-end, and mobile applications. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ubuntu_Desktop_on_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ The revolutionary Raspberry Pi is the most popular single board computer. It has its very own Debian based operating system called Raspbian. There are several other operating systems available for Raspberry Pi but almost all of them are lightweight. This was appropriate for the small factor and low end hardware of the Pi devices. This changes with the introduction of Raspberry Pi 4B that flaunts 8 GB RAM and supports 4K display. The aim is to use Raspberry Pi as a regular desktop and it succeeds in doing so to a larger extent. Before the 4B model, you could install the Ubuntu server on Raspberry Pi but the desktop version was not available. However, Ubuntu now provides official desktop image for Pi 4 models. # ⚓ How_to_Make_the_Switch_From_Windows_to_Linux⠀⇛ Microsoft is getting closer to replacing Windows 10 with the sleeker Windows 11, but if you’re sick of embedded advertisements, constant updates, data collection, software lock-ins, and rising hardware requirements, we don’t blame you. The good news is you have options. If you’ve been thinking about making the jump to a different operating system, now is the perfect time. But you aren’t stuck with the Windows-macOS binary, and don’t have to settle for the browser- based Chrome OS. Instead, you can turn to the world of Linux. # ⚓ How_to_automate_daily_jobs_on_Linux_using_(at)_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ First we need to know everyone does the same specific task everyday manually and that may waste a lot of time especially when we have important tasks or your day was busy with a lot of other tasks .. but we bring the best solution that will save a lot of time to do other important things. So Let’s Start with (at): so at is a command on Linux used to execute command in a particular time once # ⚓ How_to_scale_the_Plasma_login_screen_on_HD/UHD_screens⠀⇛ Life problems come in many shapes and forms. One of them could be the login screen in your Plasma desktop. How? By not scaling up to the selected screen resolution of your system. Case in point, my recent endeavor with Kubuntu 20.04 on my IdeaPad Y50-70, with its Nvidia card and 4K screen. Long story short, while I managed to get the desktop resolution and UHD scaling just right, the login screen did not obey my settings, and only rendered in 4K, ergo tiny. I spent a lot of time trying to fix this, and finally, came up with this guide. Now, in newer editions of Plasma, like say 5.20, where scaling works really great, you might not face this issue at all. In 5.18.5, I had to resort to a few ugly tricks to get everything working. Let’s see what gives. # ⚓ Install_phpMyAdmin_on_Ubuntu_20.04_with_Apache⠀⇛ phpMyAdmin is a web-based application for interacting with MySQL database server. This tool provides you with a user interface to make MySQL operations so you don’t have to use the command line interface. In this guide you are going to learn how to install phpMyAdmin with Apache on Ubuntu.20.04 and secure it. # ⚓ FTP_vs_FTPS_vs_SFTP:_The_Difference_Between_Them Explained⠀⇛ There is plain old FTP protocol, but there is also FTPS and SFTP. So, how do they differ? Here’s a comparison of FTP vs FTPS vs SFTP. FTP, FTPS, and SFTP are protocols that are used to transfer files over a network. While the acronyms for these protocols are similar, there are some key differences among them. The main ones are how data is exchanged, the level of security provided and firewall considerations. While choosing between FTP, FTPS, and SFTP, weighing the pros and cons of each option will allow users to have a better understanding of the available choices. Here is a head-to-head FTP vs FTPS vs SFTP comparison that overviews the advantages and limitations of each transfer protocol. # ⚓ Model-driven_observability:_Embedded_Alert_Rules_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ This post is about alert rules. Operators should ensure a baseline of observability for the software they operate. In this blog post, we cover Prometheus alert rules, how they work and their gotchas, and discuss how Prometheus alert rules can be embedded in Juju charms and how Juju topology enables the scoping of embedded alert rules to avoid inaccuracies. In the first post of this series, we covered the general idea and benefits of model-driven observability with Juju. In the second post, we dived into the Juju topology and its benefits with respect to entity stability and metrics continuity. In the third post, we discussed how the Juju topology enables grouping and management of alerts, helps prevent alert storms, and how that relates with SRE practices. # ⚓ SQLite_cheatsheet_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ This article is a short list of useful SQLite commands to make your life easier. SQLite is an SQL engine intended mainly for embed on systems. It’s serverless, there isn’t a client- server process but direct access to the database file. Also, there aren’t configuration files and the whole system only depends on the C-Library. # ⚓ Resolve_Python_dependencies_with_Thoth_Dependency_Monkey_| Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ One of the most difficult programming problems to diagnose and fix is when a library misbehaves because of incompatibilities with its dependencies. Fixing such issues can be time-consuming and might require developing domain knowledge about the libraries, which you should be able to treat as black boxes. For Python programs, a solution is closer at hand thanks to Thoth, a project within the Artificial Intelligence Center of Excellence (AICOE). Thoth is a recommendation engine for building robust Python software stacks. To make sure applications are shipped in a healthy state, the Thoth team developed Dependency Monkey, which builds and runs Python applications in test environments to uncover issues involving dependencies. This article looks at the reasons for Dependency Monkey and how it operates. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Raytracing_Starting_to_Come_Together_–_Bas_Nieuwenhuizen_– Open_Source_GPU_Drivers⠀⇛ I am back with another status update on raytracing in RADV. And the good news is that things are finally starting to come together. After ~9 months of on and off work we’re now having games working with raytracing. # ⚓ Multiple_Games_Are_Now_Working_With_RADV’s_Ray-Tracing_Code –_Phoronix⠀⇛ Not only is Intel progressing with its open-source ray-tracing driver support but the Mesa Radeon Vulkan driver “RADV” has been rounding out its RT code too and now has multiple games correctly rendering. Bas Nieuwenhuizen has been spearheading the RADV work on Vulkan ray-tracing support and after more than a half-year tackling it things are starting to fall into place nicely.Games such as Quake II RTX with native Vulkan ray-tracing are working along with the game control via VKD3D-Proton for going from Direct3D 12 DXR to Vulkan RT. Metro Exodus is also working while Ghostrunner and Doom Eternal are two games tested that are not yet working. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Now_Tuxedo_becomes_a_KDE_sponsor⠀⇛ Tuxedo becomes a sponsor of KDE . Or what is the same, the free software project adds to its list of patrons the second brand specialized in Linux computers so far this year, after the Spanish Slimbook did the same. In the case of Tuxedo, it is necessary to transfer him to Germany, where this company is from, very much in the style of the aforementioned Slimbook or, to a lesser extent, of the more veteran System76, which as you know even has its own Linux distribution, Pop !_YOU. For the rest, the profile is similar and their products too, which is normal, considering that we are not talking about giants in the technology sector. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Release_Roundup_#21.38:_RetroArch_on_Steam, Kali_Linux_2021.3,_and_More_New_Releases⠀⇛ The cybersecurity-focused Debian-based distro, Kali Linux, has received major upgrades in its latest release. This includes improvements to OpenSSL, Virtualization, and an upgrade to Kali Tools. In addition, the TicHunter Pro – their first NetHunter smartwatch – has also been announced. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Thunar,_Firefox,_Python_Update_in_Tumbleweed⠀⇛ Five Tumbleweed snapshots became available to users of openSUSE’s rolling release this week. A couple smaller- and medium-sized snapshots brought new software updates for Xfce’s Thunar, the Linux Kernel, Mozilla Firefox, PostgreSQL, Python and more. The 20210915 snapshot had two package updates. There was an update of translations for the manpages-l10n package to version 4.11.0, which enabled Hungarian translations. The tool set package for accessing and modifying virtual machine images, libguestfs 1.44.2, had a large amount of changes; it added and removed several patches and relicensed setup.py to LGPLv2+ from its original GPLv2+ license. Xfce’s Thunar package was updated in snapshot 20210914; the update to the file manager 4.16.9 version fixed a memory leak, updated translations and disabled automatic queueing of file transfers. Linux Kernel 5.14.2 had a few USB serial control fixes and a Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures fix; the fix for CVE-2021-3640 could allow a privileged local user to crash the system or escalate their privileges on a system. The package for video and image frames, pfstools, updated to version 2.2.0 and provided many fixes allowing the package to work with newer versions of libraries. Also updated in the snapshot were aria2 1.36.0 and text browser links 2.24. # ⚓ openSUSE_Tumbleweed_–_Review_of_the_weeks_2021/36_& 37⠀⇛ Today, I have to span again two weeks of reviews. As you can imagine, a lot has happened in Tumbleweed and we have published 10 snapshots (0902, 0904, 0906, 0907, 0908, 0910, 0912, 0913, 0914, and 0915). # ⚓ SUSE_Reports_Strong_Growth_In_The_Third_Quarter⠀⇛ SUSE announced its results for the third quarter of financial year 2021, which ended July 31, 2021. The company continued to see strong growth in Q3 with ACV growing across all business areas, most notably in the Emerging business where SUSE Rancher continues to gain traction. In the End User routes to market (RTM), the cloud service providers (CSPs), particularly the hyperscalers, contributed to strong growth. # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Manjaro_21.1.3_Pahvo_Download⠀⇛ The an Arch Linux-based GNU/Linux distribution, 21.1.3 Pahvo version of Manjaro, was announced by Philip Müller. Having launched Ornara earlier this year, the project believes that all the dev teams are working hard to release the next version of Manjaro, and the latest Pahvo version 21.1.3 has been reached. This release is known to include significant improvements to Calamares, including file system selection for automatic partitioning and improved support for btrfs, it is also reminded that the default subvolume layout has been improved for btrfs installations, for easier rollback and less wasted space in snapshots . The system said to be available with KDE Plasma, Frameworks, KDE Gear; The update to Gnome includes major work. For detailed information about Manjaro 21.1.3 Pahvo, you can release announcement review the . # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora_35:_Release_date,_New_features_and_Download⠀⇛ Fedora 35 will not introduce any particular news, it is a moderate release that mostly fixes bugs and updates some packages. At the moment, the latest internal tests are underway and, next week, more precisely on September 14, the beta should arrive. The fallback date in case of a problem is September 21st. Similarly, the final release will arrive on October 19th with fallback on October 26th in case of anomalies. Most of the features that I am going to outline in the rest of the article are practically definitive. # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Friday’s_Fedora_Facts:_2021- 37⠀⇛ Here’s your weekly Fedora report. Read what happened this week and what’s coming up. Your contributions are welcome (see the end of the post)! I have weekly office hours on Wednesdays in the morning and afternoon (US/Eastern time) in #fedora-meeting-1. Drop by if you have any questions or comments about the schedule, Changes, elections, or anything else. See the upcoming meetings for more information. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Is_Hiring_So_Linux_Can_Finally_Have_Good_HDR Display_Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ One of the areas where Linux has struggled on the desktop has been around HDR (high dynamic range) display support while that will hopefully be addressed in the coming months with Red Hat hiring an engineer to focus on that problem. Linux has struggled for years with HDR display support while NVIDIA has worked on the problem for their proprietary driver stack and proposing a DeepColor Visual extension for X.Org, there has been some HDR work in the DRM code, work by Intel on HDR support for Wayland/Weston along with other Intel HDR driver work, and AMD driver work too. # ⚓ Changes_to_Bugzilla_queries⠀⇛ On 13 September 2021, Red Hat’s Bugzilla team released updates to Bugzilla that included new functionality for pagination. There is also a change to the default number of results with the bug search API to support this feature. The default is now 20 but can be adjusted to 1000 by using the limit/offset parameters. [...] The default Bug search API(REST/XMLRPC/ JSONRPC) result in 20 bugs by default and users can change this by specifying the limit. The value of limit can be up to 1000 bugs. If you need results that are more than 1000, you can use the offset parameter. You can get default 1000 bugs by sending 0 as a limit parameter. Additionally, they have introduced “total_matches”, “limit”, and “offset” values in the response. These give the total number of bugs qualified for the query and the number of results in the response. # ⚓ Monitoring_vs._observability:_What’s_the_difference in_DevOps?_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ As software delivery becomes more complex and organizations work to scale their DevOps transformations, the need for observability increases. While observability plays an important role in any DevOps journey, it is often confused with monitoring. Although both are typically discussed in the same context, they are not one and the same. To help establish a clear picture, I asked SKILup Day participants and DevOps Institute ambassadors to clarify some of the key differences. # ⚓ IT_leadership:_3_lessons_in_failure,_(im)patience, and_teamwork_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Becoming a leader of a team or an organization isn’t something you simply wake up and do. It’s an evolution. It starts with “leading” yourself and driving yourself to make an impact toward a mission – toward something bigger than yourself. It takes relentless focus and passion. I’ve learned a lot of lessons over the years – sometimes by doing it right, sometimes by doing it wrong. Here are three that I keep coming back to. # ⚓ The_service_provider_edge:_Building_the_case_for_an open_source_approach⠀⇛ We’ve previously outlined the role of service providers in edge technology innovation and how constructing a robust ecosystem of partners multiply the opportunities to maximize functional and business opportunities while mitigating risk and investment. In order to support a broad variety of use cases spanning multiple industries, edge computing requires collaboration across suppliers, service providers and application and content partners. Additionally, with widely distributed networks and physical presence, they remain uniquely positioned to deploy edge computing infrastructures that are close to the user and tightly integrated with transport and access networks. The explosion and permutations of end-points, mobile applications, and distributed computing drives this need — all while meeting demanding functionality and quality of service expectations. How might the rapidly changing edge technology landscape benefit from the adaptability provided by open source solutions? # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_18.04.6_Update_Available_to_Download_with Security_fixes⠀⇛ Ubuntu 18.04.6 Update Available Download with Security fixes, The Ubuntu team has announced an updated version of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS is now available. The new media includes security fixes, including a fix for the BootHole security issues. # ⚓ Ubuntu_18.04.6_LTS_Released_To_Correct_Broken_Install Media⠀⇛ The unplanned Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS release is available today that was made on short notice for addressing unbootable media with Ubuntu 18.04.5. This extra Ubuntu 18.04 “Bionic Beaver” LTS point release stems from the install media breaking due to key revocation. The issue stems from the BootHole vulnerability and the keys used by Ubuntu having been revoked and thus needing to issue Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS with new keys. # ⚓ The_Six_Point_Release_Ubuntu_18.04.6_LTS_is_Out!⠀⇛ The Ubuntu team announced the six point release for Ubuntu 18.04 today for the Desktop and Server. Ubuntu 18.04.6 refreshed the disc images for the amd64 and arm64 architecture, re-enabling the usage on Secure Boot enabled systems due to the key revocation related to the BootHole vulnerability. # ⚓ Ubuntu_18.04.6_LTS_Released_with_BootHole_Patches, Latest_Security_Updates⠀⇛ Released back in April 26th, 2018, Ubuntu 18.04 LTS was supposed to get only five point releases, up to Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS, but since it’s supported until April 2023, Canonical decided to publish another point release that include patches for some serious security vulnerabilities affecting previous point releases. As such, Ubuntu 18.04.6 LTS is here as the sixth point release to the Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) operating system series with mitigations against the infamous BootHole security vulnerability discovered in the GRUB2 bootloader, which allows attackers to bypass UEFI Secure Boot. # ⚓ Linux_Mint’s_Website_Has_a_Much_Needed_Minty_Fresh New_Look⠀⇛ Linux Mint is one of the best Linux distributions available while offering a modern user experience. However, Linux Mint’s original website looked dated and potentially unattractive to new-age computer users. Many suggested a visual makeover to reflect Linux Mint’s taste through a modern website design. And, only recently the developers started working on a redesign in collaboration with the community members, asking for feedback and getting insights on proposed designs. Finally, a design was finalized and applied to Linux Mint’s official website. The website looks clean and informative, great on desktop, and perfectly fits mobile phone browsers! # ⚓ Linux_Mint_introduces_new_website⠀⇛ Most people will agree that Linux Mint is one of the most beginner-friendly and, especially among Windows converters, one of the most popular distributions. However, the Linux Mint website was long out of date and some new users were put off. Now the project has finally presented a new website that meets all modern standards and will greatly improve the first impression of Linux Mint for many newcomers. In the current digital age, every serious project needs a well-designed website, especially if you are targeting beginners. At Linux Mint, the old website no longer corresponded to the product offered. But now Mint presents itself in a modern way, with a website that is kept uniform in Linux Mint green and corresponds to the latest design trends and of course is also adaptive. # ⚓ This_Is_Ubuntu_21.10’s_New_Wallpaper⠀⇛ Ubuntu 21.10’s new default wallpaper is now official with large animal mascot on it. Ubuntu 21.10 is due for release in mid October. # ⚓ After_Chromium,_Ubuntu_Now_Converts_Firefox_to_Snap by_Default⠀⇛ One of the major and controversial changes in the upcoming Ubuntu 21.10 is the conversion of Firefox from deb to snap. Yes, you heard it right. The default Firefox will be a Snap application, not the regular DEB version. As spotted by OMG! Ubuntu, this is done as per an agreement between Mozilla and Canonical (Ubuntu’s parent company). o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Asus_Tinker_Board_2_single-board_computer_now_available_for $94_and_up_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ The Asus Tinker Board 2 is a Raspberry Pi-shaped single-board computer powered by a Rockchip RK3399 hexa-core processor and featuring 2GB to 4GB of RAM. First announced almost a year ago, the Tinker Board 2 is finally available for $99 and up. Asus also offers a Tinker Board 2S model that’s pretty similar except that it has 16GB of eMMC storage. Prices for that model start at about $120. # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Weekly_Issue_#371_–_Sir_Clive_Sinclair,_1940_– 2021⠀⇛ This week ended with the incredibly sad news of the passing of Sir Clive Sinclair. He was one of the founding fathers of home computing and got many of us at Raspberry Pi hooked on programming as kids. Join us in sharing your Sinclair computing memories with us on Twitter and our blog, and we’ll see you next week. # ⚓ cuplTag_battery-powered_NFC_tag_logs_temperature_and humidity_(Crowdfunding)_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Temperature and humidity sensors would normally connect to a gateway sending data to the cloud, the coin-cell battery-powered cuplTag NFC tag instead sends data to your smartphone after a tap. CulpTag is controlled by an MSP430 16-bit microcontroller from Texas Instruments which reads and stores sensor data regularly into an EEPROM, and the data can then be read over NFC with the tag returning an URL with the data from the sensor and battery, then display everything on the phone’s web browser (no app needed). # ⚓ A_first_look_at_Microchip_PolarFire_SoC_FPGA_Icicle_RISC- V_development_board_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Formally launched on Crowd Supply a little over a year ago, Microchip PolarFire SoC FPGA Icicle (codenamed MPFS-ICICLE-KIT-ES) was one of the first Linux & FreeBSD capable RISC-V development boards. The system is equipped with PolarFire SoC FPGA comprised a RISC-V CPU subsystem with four 64-bit RISC-V (RV64GC) application cores, one 64-bit RISC- V real-time core (RV64IMAC), as well as FPGA fabric. Backers of the board have been able to play with it for several months ago, but Microchip is now sending the board to more people for evaluation/ review, and I got one of my own to experiment with. That’s good to have a higher-end development board instead of the usual hobbyist-grade board. Today, I’ll just have a look at the kit content and main components on the board before playing with Linux and FPGA development tools in an upcoming or two posts. # ⚓ What_is_IoT_device_management?⠀⇛ Smart devices are everywhere around us. We carry one in our pocket, watch movies on another while a third cooks us dinner. Every day there are thousands of new devices connecting to the Internet. Research shows that by 2025, more than 150,000 IoT devices will come online every minute. With such vast numbers it is impossible to keep everything in working order just on your own. This brings the need for IoT device management. But what is IoT device management? To answer this question we first need to understand what the Internet of Things (IoT) is. # ⚓ Beelink_U59_mini_PC_with_Intel_Celeron_N5095_Jasper_Lake coming_soon_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ Beelink says the system ships with Windows 10, but it should also supports Linux. # ⚓ Beelink_U59_Celeron_N5095_Jasper_Lake_mini_PC_to_ship_with 16GB_RAM,_512GB_SSD_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Beelink U59 is an upcoming Jasper Lake mini PC based on the Intel Celeron N5095 15W quad-core processor that will ship with up to 16GB RAM, and 512 GB M.2 SSD storage. The mini PC will also offer two 4K HDMI 2.0 ports, a Gigabit Ethernet port, WiFi 5, as well as four USB 3.0 ports, and support for 2.5-inch SATA drives up to 7mm thick. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Handy_machine_cuts_heat_shrink_tubing_to_length_| Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Solder joints on PCBs don’t usually require extra protection, but loose wires are a different story. Because they can move around and touch each other or the enclosure, you need to protect the bare wire from shorts. Most people use either electrical tape or heat shrink tubing for the job. But cutting heat shrink tubing to length can be a time- consuming process if you have many wires to protect. That’s why Mr Innovative used an Arduino to build this handy machine that cuts heat shrink tubing automatically. Mr Innovative built similar machines in the past, including one that feeds four different wire spools and cuts them to desired lengths. This machine is similar, but works with a single spool of heat shrink tubing. The user inserts one end of the tubing into the machine, sets the length via a touchscreen interface, and the machine takes care of the rest. It will continue to snip off sections of tubing, all of the same length, until it runs out of heat shrink to work with. # ⚓ RoboTray_is_a_Secret_Tea_Butler⠀⇛ If [samsungite] has any more Arduinos lying around, he might appreciate this tea inventory tracker. # ⚓ Taking_A_Deep_Dive_Into_SPI_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ With the prevalence of libraries, it has never been easier to communicate with hundreds of different sensors, displays, and submodules. But what is really happening when you type SPI.begin() into the Arduino IDE? In his most recent video, [Ben Eater] explores the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) and how it really works. Most Hackaday readers probably know [Ben] from his breadboard-based computers, such as the 6502 build we featured in 2019. Since then he has been hard at work, adding new and interesting additions to his breadboard computer, as well as diving into different communication protocols to better understand and implement them. For this video, [Ben] set the goal of connecting the BME280, a common pressure, temperature, and humidity sensor with an SPI interface, to his breadboard 6502 computer. Along the way, [Ben] discusses how exactly SPI works, and why there is so much conflicting nomenclature and operations when looking at different SPI devices. # ⚓ TinySewer_is_a_Portenta-powered_camera_module_for sewer_faults_detection_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ We all interact with the sewer system at multiple points throughout the day, and having it fail can lead to catastrophic results. Every year in the United States alone, an estimated 23,000 to 75,000 sewer pipe failures are reported, which means billions of gallons of untreated and hazardous waste is released into the environment. But rather than having a person constantly inspect the system on location, Huy Mai came up with a way to use computer vision in conjunction with embedded machine learning to automatically detect when a defect has occurred. # ⚓ Arduino_Cloud_Widgets_and_Data_Downloads_Get_an Overhaul⠀⇛ Arduino Cloud’s dashboards and widgets are some of its most popular features. It’s what turns the Cloud into your ultimate control center for all kinds of projects, from home automation to industrial monitoring. We’re constantly looking for ways to improve the user experience, and we’ve just rolled out some small, but very important tweaks. Combined with the new historical data download process, your Arduino Cloud experience will now be even smoother. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Android_phones_you_can_buy_in_2021_–_California News_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_Android_Games_On_Sale_This_Week_–_My_Child Lebensborn,_Mo:_Astray,_Hello_Human_and_More_–_Droid Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Run_Android_Apps_in_Linux_Without_an_Emulator_ [GUIDE]_|_Beebom⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_To_Clear_Up_Space_On_Your_Android_Phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Stadia_for_Android_TV_bug_freezes_controls_for_some_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sling_TV_and_DraftKings_Introducing_Integrated Betting_Experience_on_Android_TV_and_AirTV_–_The Streamable⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_is_more_popular_than_iOS_for_web_browsing_– Insider_Intelligence_Trends,_Forecasts_&_Statistics⠀⇛ # ⚓ iPhone_13_is_missing_5_useful_features_you_can_get_on Android_phones_–_California_News_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Big_Android_11_Privacy_Feature_Coming_to_Billions More_Devices⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ The_syslog-ng_Insider_2021-09:_3.34;_OpenBSD;_OpenSearch; http()_destination;⠀⇛ Version 3.34.1 of syslog-ng has been released with many interesting new features. There is now a new parser that can parse messages with regular expressions. The throughput of the Redis destination driver has increased drastically. # ⚓ Kentik_Labs_Launches_With_Open_Source_Networking_Tools Leveraging_eBPF_|_Data_Center_Knowledge⠀⇛ The networking startup says the new platform is aimed at ‘the other side of the house’ from its usual network engineering customers. # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Plumbers_Conference_2021_is_Almost_Here⠀⇛ We are only three days away from the start of LPC 2021! Thank you to all that made our conference possible: – Our generous Sponsors, listed here on the right – The Linux Foundation, which provides as always impeccable support – Our speakers and leaders, who are providing a lot of great content and planning great discussions As you can see, the schedule is finalized now. There are going to be seven parallel tracks each day, lasting four hours each. We have a total of 23 different tracks and Microconferences, with 191 sessions. At this time we are closing the CfPs for all tracks. We have still room for a limited number of Birds of a Feather sessions. If you want to propose one, even during the conference, and the necessary participants are all registered, please send an email to our lpc-contact@lists.linuxplumbersconf.org mailing list. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Niko_Matsakis:_Rustacean_Principles, continued⠀⇛ Rust has a long tradition of articulating its values. This is why we have a Code of Conduct. This is why we wrote blog posts like Fearless Concurrency, Stability as a Deliverable and Rust Once, Run Anywhere. Looking past the “engineering side” of Rust, aturon’s classic blog posts on listening and trust (part 1, part 2, part 3) did a great job of talking about what it is like to be on a Rust team. And who could forget the whole “fireflowers” debate?1 # ⚓ This_Week_in_Glean:_Glean_&_GeckoView⠀⇛ (“This Week in Glean” is a series of blog posts that the Glean Team at Mozilla is using to try to communicate better about our work. They could be release notes, documentation, hopes, dreams, or whatever: so long as it is inspired by Glean.) All “This Week in Glean” blog posts are listed in the TWiG index (and on the Mozilla Data blog). This article is cross-posted on the Mozilla Data blog. # ⚓ This_Week_in_Glean:_Glean_&_GeckoView⠀⇛ This unblocks further work now. Currently Gecko simply stubs out all calls to Glean when compiled for Android, but we will enable recording Glean metrics within Gecko and exposing them in pings sent from Fenix. We will also start work on moving other Rust components into mozilla-central in order for them to use the Rust API of Glean directly. Changing how we deliver the Rust code also made testing Glean changes across these different components a bit more challenging, so I want to invest some time to make that easier again. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ Database_Lab_Engine_2.5:_better_data_extraction_for logical_mode_and_configuration_improvements⠀⇛ Since version 2.5, it becomes possible to reset the clone’s database state to a specific snapshot if multiple snapshots are available. See DLE CLI reference. There is also a new option for the reset command, –latest, that allows resetting to the latest available state not knowing the snapshot name. This can be very useful in situations when a clone lives long, occupying a specific port, and some applications (e.g., analytical tools) are configured to work with it – users can periodically switch to the freshest database state without a need to reconfigure their applications. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ Kiwi_TCMS:_Please_nominate_Kiwi_TCMS_at_MLH_Open Source_Awards⠀⇛ Last year Kiwi TCMS started partnering with the MLH Fellowship open source program. During the span of 3 semesters fellows received mentorship and career advice from us. They were also able to work on 20+ issues the majority of which have been complete. For that we kindly ask the open source community to nominate Kiwi TCMS at the MLH Open Source Awards. # ⚓ Join_us_for_WordPress_Translation_Day_Global_Events in_September_2021⠀⇛ WordPress contributors around the world are celebrating the sixth Global WordPress Translation Day throughout the entire month of September! That’s 30 days dedicated to help and encourage people to translate the software and its related resources. One of the highlights is a series of exciting core global events, starting on September 17 2021 and finishing on the United Nations’ International Translation Day itself on September 30, 2021. Everyone is welcome to watch these events live on YouTube and to share their translation stories which will be featured during the celebrations and beyond. The global events will be in English and include presentations on how and why to you should join the thousands of translators in the project, tips and tools, interviews, and much more. There are now 205 locales translating in what is a remarkable open source effort, bringing the opportunities of the software and its community to people in their own native languages. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Announcement_:_An_AArch64_(Arm64)_Darwin_port_is planned_for_GCC12⠀⇛ As many of you know, Apple has now released an AArch64-based version of macOS and desktop/laptop platforms using the ‘M1’ chip to support it. This is in addition to the existing iOS mobile platforms (but shares some of their constraints). There is considerable interest in the user- base for a GCC port (starting with https:// gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=96168) – and, of great kudos to the gfortran team, one of the main drivers is folks using Fortran. Fortunately, I was able to obtain access to one of the DTKs, courtesy of the OSS folks, and using that managed to draft an initial attempt at the port last year (however, nowhere near ready for presentation in GCC11). Nevertheless (as an aside) despite being a prototype, the port is in use with many via hombrew, macports or self-builds – which has shaken out some of the fixable bugs. The work done in the prototype identified three issues that could not be coded around without work on generic parts of the compiler. I am very happy to say that two of our colleagues, Andrew Burgess and Maxim Blinov (both from embecosm) have joined me in drafting a postable version of the port and we are seeking sponsorship to finish this in the GCC12 timeframe. Maxim has a lightning talk on the GNU tools track at LPC (right after the steering committee session) that will focus on the two generic issues that we’re tackling (1 and 2 below). Here is a short summary of the issues and proposed solutions (detailed discussion of any of the parts below would better be in new threads). # ⚓ Apple_Silicon_/_M1_Port_Planned_For_GCC_12_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Developers are hoping for next year’s GCC 12 release they will have Apple AArch64 support on Darwin in place for being able to support Apple Silicon — initially the M1 SoC — on macOS with GCC. LLVM/Clang has long been supporting AArch64 on macOS given that Apple leverages LLVM/ Clang as part of their official Xcode toolchain as the basis for their compiler across macOS to iOS and other products. While the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) supports AArch64 and macOS/Darwin, it hasn’t supported the two of them together but there is a port in progress to change it. # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_tidyCpp_0.0.5_on_CRAN:_More Protect’ion⠀⇛ Another small release of the tidyCpp package arrived on CRAN overnight. The packages offers a clean C++ layer (as well as one small C++ helper class) on top of the C API for R which aims to make use of this robust (if awkward) C API a little easier and more consistent. See the vignette for motivating examples. The Protect class now uses the default methods for copy and move constructors and assignment allowing for wide use of the class. The small NumVec class now uses it for its data member. # ⚓ QML_Modules_in_Qt_6.2⠀⇛ With Qt 6.2 there is, for the first time, a comprehensive build system API that allows you to specify a QML module as a complete, encapsulated unit. This is a significant improvement, but as the concept of QML modules was rather under-developed in Qt 5, even seasoned QML developers might now ask “What exactly is a QML module”. In our previous post we have scratched the surface by introducing the CMake API used to define them. We’ll take a closer look in this post. # ⚓ Santiago_Zarate:_So_you_want_to_recover_and_old_git branch_because_it_has_been_overwritten?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Start_using_YAML_now_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language) is a human- readable data serialization language. Its syntax is simple and human-readable. It does not contain quotation marks, opening and closing tags, or braces. It does not contain anything which might make it harder for humans to parse nesting rules. You can scan your YAML document and immediately know what’s going on. [...] At this point, you know enough YAML to get started. You can play around with the online YAML parser to test yourself. If you work with YAML daily, then this handy cheatsheet will be helpful. # ⚓ 40_C_programming_examples⠀⇛ C programming language is one of the popular programming languages for novice programmers. It is a structured programming language that was mainly developed for UNIX operating system. It supports different types of operating systems, and it is very easy to learn. 40 useful C programming examples have been shown in this tutorial for the users who want to learn C programming from the beginning. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ China’s_heist,_and_why_it_may_be_good⠀⇛ Arm microprocessors power billions of phones, cars, Amazon servers and countless other devices. Until 2016, Arm was a British owned and headquartered company. Then another company called SoftBank bought it and formed a joint venture with a consortium of Chinese investors, to enter that market. # ⚓ Of_supply_chains,_or_why_global_is_personal_these_days⠀⇛ Congestion in China is even worse, partly due to stricter COVID protocols for arriving vessels. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Eyes_on_Trade:_Delta_Variant_Shows,_Unless_Biden Administration_Starts_Leading_Global_COVID_Vaccine_Effort, Pandemic_Will_Never_End⠀⇛ The delta variant-fueled COVID-19 wave that is slamming communities nationwide and flooding ICUs is a glimpse of the endless pandemic to come unless the Biden administration secures a waiver to significantly boost production of vaccines, tests… o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Manjaro_Chooses_Proprietary_Poo_Vivaldi_Over_Free Software_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Recently, Manjaro Cinnamon made the decision to use Vivaldi as their default web browser. There is one big problem with this decision. Vivaldi is NOT free and open source software. Vivaldi is a proprietary web browser. Is it OK for Linux distros to default to proprietary software when there are great free and open source alternatives? # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Friday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by CentOS (firefox and thunderbird), Fedora (haproxy, wordpress, and xen), openSUSE (apache2-mod_auth_openidc, fail2ban, ghostscript, haserl, libcroco, nextcloud, and wireshark), Oracle (kernel and kernel-container), Slackware (httpd), SUSE (crmsh, gtk- vnc, libcroco, Mesa, postgresql12, postgresql13, and transfig), and Ubuntu (libgcrypt20, linux-gcp, linux-gcp- 4.15, linux-hwe-5.4, linux-oem-5.13, python3.4, python3.5, and qtbase- opensource-src). # ⚓ Reproducible_Builds_(diffoscope):_diffoscope 184_released⠀⇛ The diffoscope maintainers are pleased to announce the release of diffoscope version 184. This version includes the following changes: [ Chris Lamb ] * Fix the semantic comparison of R's .rdb files after a refactoring of temporary directory handling in a previous version. * Support a newer format version of R's .rds files. * Update tests for OCaml 4.12. (Closes: reproducible-builds/diffoscope#274) * Move diffoscope.versions to diffoscope.tests.utils.versions. * Use assert_diff in tests/comparators/ test_rdata.py. * Reformat various modules with Black. [ Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek ] * Stop using the deprecated distutils module by adding a version comparison class based on the RPM version rules. * Update invocations of llvm-objdump for the latest version of LLVM. * Adjust a test with one-byte text file for file(1) version 5.40. * Improve the parsing of the version of OpenSSH. [ Benjamin Peterson ] * Add a --diff-context option to control the unified diff context size. (reproducible-builds/diffoscope!88) ⚓ This_Week_In_Security:_Office_0-day,_ForcedEntry,_ProtonMail,_And_OMIGOD_| Hackaday⠀⇛ A particularly nasty 0-day was discovered in the wild, CVE-2021- 40444, a flaw in how Microsoft’s MSHTML engine handled Office documents. Not all of the details are clear yet, but the result is that opening a office document can trigger a remote code execution. It gets worse, though, because the exploit can work when simply previewing a file in Explorer, making this a potential 0-click exploit. So far the attack has been used against specific targets, but a POC has been published. It appears that there are multiple tricks that should be discrete CVEs behind the exploit. First, a simple invocation of mshtml:http in an Office document triggers the download and processing of that URL via the Trident engine, AKA our old friend IE. The real juicy problem is that in Trident, an iframe can be constructed with a .cpl URI pointing at an inf or dll file, and that gets executed without any prompt. This is demonstrated here by [Will Dormann]. A patch was included with this month’s roundup of fixes for Patch Tuesday, so make sure to update. § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation⠀➾ * ⚓ Malware_attacks_Windows_machines_through_Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux for_the_first_time [Ed: How_to_badmouth_Linux_because_Microsoft_is attacking_it (WSL is an attack on GNU/Linux)]⠀⇛ * ⚓ New_Malware_Targets_Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux_to_Evade_Detection⠀⇛ * ⚓ Azure_Linux_admins_urged_to_patch_four_zero-day_OMI_vulnerabilities [Ed: This grossly_understates_the_severity_of_what_happened]⠀⇛ IT administrators overseeing certain Microsoft Azure Linux virtual machines are being urged to make sure patches are installed after the discovery of four zero-day vulnerabilities that could allow systems to be compromised. * ⚓ Hackers_Alter_Cobalt_Strike_Beacon_to_Target_Linux_Environments_| eSecurityPlanet⠀⇛ A malicious implementation of a popular pentesting tool suggests that advanced threat actors may be involved. § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ * ⚓ Intelligence_Contract_Funneled_to_Pro-War_Think_Tanks⠀⇛ The Center for Strategic and International Studies received a hefty sum from Alion Science as part of a military-related contract. * ⚓ Thai_lawmakers_debate_long-awaited_legislation_on_torture,_abductions⠀⇛ § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ Why_did_Apple_and_Google_agree_to_take_down_Navalny’s_app?_And_what does_it_mean_for_the_RuNet?_We_asked_an_expert.⠀⇛ Just a few weeks ago, Russia’s federal censor blocked the website for Alexey Navalny’s voting initiative “Smart Vote.” On September 15, Navalny’s team went ahead and released their list of recommended candidates regardless, uploading it to a Google Doc. Later that evening, Google Docs became temporarily unavailable inside Russia. On the first day of voting in the State Duma elections, September 17, tech giants Apple and Google caved to pressure from the Russian authorities and pulled Navalny’s mobile app from the App Store and Google Play. What’s more, Apple disabled its new “Private Relay” feature for users inside Russia. To find out more about whether or not Apple and Google had a choice in these matters — and what this mean for the future of the RuNet — Meduza spoke to lawyer Sarkis Darbinyan from the digital rights group Roskomsvoboda. § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ May_threaten_‘independence_of_media’_and_violate_freedom_of_speech: Madras_HC_on_the_IT_Rules⠀⇛ Mr T. M. Krishna, a prominent Carnatic music vocalist, cultural critic, and writer, had approached us to file a writ petition before the Madras High Court challenging the entirety of the IT Rules, 2021. The writ petition was admitted on June 10, 2021. On September 16,2021 the Madras High Court heard the counsels for the parties including Mr Rajshekhar Rao who represented Mr T.M Krishna. The Court also found merit in Mr Krishna’s contention that Part II of the Rules violated the right to speech, and held that any action taken under Rule 3 read with Rule 7 shall be subject to the decision in the petition. The Court also affirmed the previous stay on Rule 9. The Court has now listed these cases for final hearing on October 27, 2021. [...] On June 10, 2021, Mr Krishna’s petition was listed for the first time. On that day, the Madras High Court issued notice. Subsequently, the Respondents, the Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology (‘MeitY’’) and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (‘MIB’) filed their respective replies, after a delay of almost 8 weeks, on August 25 and August 26. The affidavit filed by MietY defended Part II of the IT Rules, 2021 which seeks to regulate intermediaries. Whereas, the affidavit filed by MIB defended Part III of the Rules which seeks to regulate digital new media and OTT platforms. The matter came up for hearing on September 16, 2021. The Court heard extensive submissions from the counsels, including Mr Rajshekhar Rao who was representing Mr TM Krishna. [...] The case is now listed for October 27, 2021 for final hearing. The interim decision passed by the Madras High Court is welcomed. Like the decision by the Bombay High Court, it provides much needed relief to users on the internet, news writers, editors and content creators. However, this is an interim relief and final hearing awaits. We will continue to provide legal support to Mr T.M Krishna and LiveLaw Media Pvt. Ltd., whom we are representing before the Kerala High Court, in their efforts to protect the right to speech and privacy of Indians on the internet. We thank Mr. T. M. Krishna for giving us an opportunity to lend our expertise in this important case and are deeply grateful to all the lawyers who worked on this petition and especially Senior Advocate, Rajshekhar Rao who led the legal team, comprising Suhrith Parthasarathy, Vrinda Bhandari, Abhinav Sekhri, Tanmay Singh, Krishnesh Bapat and Anandita Mishra. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2959 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.17.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_17/9/2021:_WSL_Considered_Harmful⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 10:36 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_kernel_turns_30:_congratulations_from_PVS-Studio⠀⇛ On August 25th, 2021, the Linux kernel celebrated its 30th anniversary. Since then, it’s changed a lot. We changed too. Nowadays, the Linux kernel is a huge project used by millions. We checked the kernel 5 years ago. So, we can’t miss this event and want to look at the code of this epic project again. [...] Last time we found 7 peculiar errors. It’s noteworthy that this time we’ve found fewer errors! It seems strange. The kernel size has increased. The PVS-Studio analyzer now has dozens of new diagnostic rules. We’ve improved internal mechanisms and data flow analysis. Moreover, we introduced intermodular analysis and much more. Why has PVS-Studio found fewer exciting errors? The answer is simple. The project quality has improved! That’s why we are so excited to congratulate Linux on its 30th anniversary. The project infrastructure was significantly improved. Now you can compile the kernel with GCC and Clang – additional patches are not required. The developers are improving automated code verification systems (kbuild test robot) and other static analysis tools (GCC -fanalyzer was implemented; the Coccinelle analyzer is enhanced, the project is checked through Clang Static Analyzer). However, we found some errors anyway :). Now we’re going to take a look at some really good ones. At least, we consider them “nice and beautiful” :). Moreover, it’s better to use static analysis regularly, not once every five years. You won’t find anything that way. Learn why it’s important to use static analysis regularly in the following article: “Errors that static code analysis does not find because it is not used.” # ⚓ Choose_the_best_file_system_for_your_Linux⠀⇛ When we format a hard drive in Windows, the normal thing is to give it a file system known , such as FAT32 (rare today due to its limitations), exFAT for those looking for compatibility without the limitations of FAT32, or the most complete and the best for working on Microsoft systems, NTFS. However, if we are users Linux , in addition to being able to work with those, we can find another variety of file systems. What is the difference between them? Which is better? Let’s see it. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Apps:_Darktable_3.6.1_Released⠀⇛ Darktable 3.6.1 Released (Download), Darktable is an open source application for the photo workflow and processing of RAW data. A virtual light table and a darkroom for photographers, so to speak. It manages your digital negatives in a database, lets you view them through a zoomable light table and enables you to develop and improve raw images. At the beginning of July, Darktable 3.6 was released as the main version, which introduced numerous new functions and improvements. Darktable 3.6.1 has now been released as the first point version, which fixes some unpleasant problems and offers support for new digital cameras. # ⚓ Excellent_Utilities:_Deskreen_–_live_streaming_desktop_to_a web_browser⠀⇛ This is a series highlighting best-of-breed utilities. We cover a wide range of utilities including tools that boost your productivity, help you manage your workflow, and lots more besides. When people talk about screen sharing they typically refer to desktop sharing applications (remote display). Good examples of open source software include TigerVNC, Remmina, X2Go and Veyon. But this review looks at a different approach with live streaming your desktop or a specific application to a web browser. Deskreen is free and open source software that lets you use any device with a web browser as a secondary screen. This device can be a wide range of hardware such as a smartphone, tablet, smart TV, or a notebook. And you can connect as many devices as required. If you have a multi-monitor setup, you already appreciate the virtues of multiple screens. But Deskreen offers many of these advantages without additional outlay. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ On_leaving_Gemini:_a_friendly_farewell⠀⇛ I found that, while gemini was pleasant to play around with, write scripts for, and type up, it doesn’t really add that much to my experience to warrant the complexity it adds to how I write blog posts and publish web pages. And with a gemini capsule, and a web page, and a blog, writing a post somewhere becomes a three-way decision, and stuff tends to become messy. I tend to not like a situation like that, so I had to drop something, and that ended up being Gemini. # ⚓ How_to_install_i3_Window_manager_on_Ubuntu_20.04_or_Debian 11⠀⇛ i3 is a tiling window manager developed from scratch and written in C. It is available under a BSD license, is primarily aimed at professionals and programmers, and has several special features. This slim window manager also supports window stacks, which it stacks in a tab structure similar to a web browser. Here we learn how to install i3 Window manager on Ubuntu 18.04 or 20.04 LTS to get a slim and lightweight interface on this Linux. Well, Linux operating systems are known for their low resource consumption, however, due to the latest highly graphical desktops, many distros now become extensive resource guzzling OS. Nevertheless, there are many lightweight Desktop Window Managers and i3 is one of them. This Tiling Window Manager i3 brings particularly a slim interface to your Linux screen. # ⚓ How_to_install_Ksnip,_a_screen_capture_tool,_on_Ubuntu, Fedora,_Debian_and_openSUSE!⠀⇛ Ksnip is a Qt-based cross-platform screenshot tool that provides many annotation features for your screenshots. In this tutorial, learn how to install Ksnip screenshot on Linux using Flatpak packages. The Ksnip has many features and settings that enable the capture of perfect canvas. Make an image of your screen however you like, or the window you need. Do this simply and quickly. Don’t waste any more time and install this powerful tool right now on your Linux. # ⚓ Kali_Undercover_–_How_to_install,_uninstall,_enable_or disable_on_Linux!⠀⇛ If you are a Kali Linux user and you tend to do penetration tests in places with a lot of people, be aware that in a way this can be scary. However, Kali Undercover was created to undo your testing with Kali Linux. Imagine being in a family and trying to run a security test on some network, and everyone assuming you’re breaking into a bank or committing crimes? Well, in the face of repeated scenarios like this, Offensive Security, the company that maintains Kali Linux, created the solution. But don’t worry, as stated in the first paragraph, in this article you will learn how to use and install Kali Undercover on Linux. There are few commands, but they should help you not to have problems or distorted looks. # ⚓ How_to_install_Hugo_website_generator_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Writing websites from scratch can be beneficial for learning but it is time-consuming. And there are simple or personal projects that need to be done quickly. To solve this problem is that there are static website builders. Today you will learn how to install Hugo on Ubuntu 20.04 which is perhaps one of the most popular website builders out there. # ⚓ Control_RAM_and_CPU_usage_by_Kodi_in_real_time_– LinuxStoney⠀⇛ As with antivirus or office suites such as Office, a good multimedia player at the moment cannot be missing from any PC. These programs are not used to view our favorite photos, play all kinds of videos and music , or even watch Internet television. A clear example of all this is found with the multimedia center called Kodi . This is a complete solution that acts as a multimedia center that will be of enormous help when dealing with all kinds of content of this type. Keep in mind that it not only serves as a player, but also offers us a multitude of functions for managing our own independent libraries. In addition, it offers us a somewhat peculiar user interface that looks like an independent operating system. Precisely because of all these additional features that it offers us, together with the complete user interface that we see, sometimes this program consumes more resources than we would like. It is true that it is optimized to work on most computers, platforms and operating systems, but it will not always do so with the same fluency. In addition, the types of content that we deal with also come into play here. Loading a simple photo is not the same as playing a video in four in 4K . # ⚓ How_To_Install_Spotify_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Spotify on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Spotify is a free-to-use music streaming service with a subscription for premium content at a small fee. Spotify enables you to stream music of your favorite artists, create custom playlists, shuffle play, share music and podcasts. Spotify is available for installation on Windows, Linux distributions, macOS, and Mobile devices powered by iOS and Android operating systems. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Spotify’s digital music streaming service on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_watch_YouTube_on_the_Linux_desktop_with_FreeTube⠀⇛ FreeTube is available for Linux users on Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux AUR, and others. To install this program on your Linux PC, start by opening up a terminal window. You can open up a terminal window on the Linux desktop by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T on the keyboard. Alternatively, search for “Terminal” in the app menu to open it. Once the terminal window is open and ready to use, follow the installation instructions outlined below. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ This_PlayStation_4_emulator_is_LINUX_EXCLUSIVE._– Invidious⠀⇛ Spine is a PlayStation 4 emulator that works much like WINE, acting as more of a compatibility and translation layer than an emulator. # ⚓ Take_down_a_resurrected_Maggie_Thatcher_in_this_upcoming Doom_II_campaign_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Yes that’s right, Maggie Thatcher has somehow escaped from Hell in Thatcher’s Techbase, a new Doom II campaign that has been announced that will be free to grab on September 24. Developed by 3D: Doom Daddy Digital this will be a very British take on the whole Doom thing that I can’t wait to jump into with a cuppa. Might need a few biscuits too as apparently the UK is the 10th circle of Hell – well it’s not wrong. It will be provided as a standard WAD file so it will be playable across any system that can play it. The developer mentioned compatibility with PRBoom, DSDA-Doom, ZDoom and GZDoom. # ⚓ Ray_Tracing_on_Linux_with_AMD_GPUs_gets_closer_with multiple_games_working_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ While Ray Tracing has worked on Linux for a long time with NVIDIA, the situation with Mesa+AMD is still being worked out but the good news is that it’s all finally coming together. Developer Bas Nieuwenhuizen wrote in a new blog post about the current situation noting that after over 9 months of work, that they’re now seeing games working. Control was one title shown off that worked “on first try” once the required bits were hooked up in the radv Mesa driver. # ⚓ Dota_2_to_drop_OpenGL_and_32bit,_Vulkan_default_on_Linux and_TI_21_tickets_on_September_22_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ With The International 2021 tournament fast approaching Valve has given an update on the future of Dota 2 with some major underlying tech changes planned to come in. # ⚓ Proton_Experimental_gets_DEATHLOOP_working_on_Linux_with AMD_GPUs_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Valve and CodeWeavers have updated Proton Experimental again, the special testing version of Proton that brings in some of the latest fixes for the Windows-game compatibility layer. If you don’t know what Steam Play Proton is be sure to check our dedicated page. DEATHLOOP, the brand new release from Arkane Studios and Bethesda, will now work on Linux thanks to the latest Proton Experimental updates. However, currently the changelog notes that this is specifically for AMD GPUs using the radv driver. # ⚓ Open_source_game_achievements_–_Fedora_Magazine⠀⇛ Learn how Gamerzilla brings an achievement system to open source games and enables all developers to implement achievements separate from the game platform. Some open source games rival the quality of commercial games. While it is hard to match the quality of triple-a games, open source games compete effectively against the indie games. But, gamer expectations change over time. Early games included a high score. Achievements expanded over time to promote replay. For example, you may have completed a level but you didn’t find all the secrets or collect all the coins. The Xbox 360 introduced the first multi-game online achievement system. Since that introduction, many game platforms added an achievement system. Open source games are largely left out of the achievement systems. You can publish an open source game on Steam, but it costs money and they focus on working with companies not the free software community. Additionally, this locks players into a non-free platform. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Budgie_desktop_migrates_from_GTK_to_EFL_libraries from_the_Enlightenment_project⠀⇛ The developers of the Budgie desktop environment have made the decision to move away from the GTK library in favor of the EFL Enlightenment Foundation Library ( ), developed by the Enlightenment project. The results of the migration will be offered in Budgie 11. Notably, this is not the first attempt away from GTK – in 2017 the project already made a to move decision to switch to Qt, but later revised plans in the hope that the situation would change in GTK4. Unfortunately, GTK4 did not live up to the expectations of the developers due to the continued focus only on the needs of the GNOME project, the developers of which do not listen to the opinions of alternative projects and do not want to take their needs into account. The main incentive to move away from GTK was GNOME’s plans to change the way it works with skins, which make it difficult to create custom skins in third-party projects. In particular, the platform interface style is provided by the libadwaita library, which is tied to the Adwaita skin. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Experimenting_with_a_new_OpenBSD_development_lab⠀⇛ This article is not an how to or explaining anything, I just wanted to share how I spend my current free time. It’s obviously OpenBSD related. When updating or making new packages, it’s important to get the dependencies right, at least for the compilation dependencies it’s not hard because you know it’s fine once the building process can run entirely, but at run time you may have surprises and discover lacking dependencies. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Mint_20.3_distribution_design_changes_– LinuxStoney⠀⇛ Linux Mint 20.3 distribution design changes, The end of the previous month brought another report with a summary of news in the development of one of the popular Linux Mint distributions. The developers have decided to focus on design modifications that will make the appearance of this distribution more modern and consistent. Users can expect this news with the release of Linux version Mint 20.3. Some of the changes are prepared for the Cinnamon desktop environment and Mint-X or Mint-Y themes. Mint-X will bring only a few minor tweaks, such as the new look of notifications in applications or the toolbar in Nemo File Manager. However, most of the changes will come for the Mint-Y theme. The colors of its panels will be more consistent and components with lighter and darker color contrasts should no longer be mixed in one application. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ i.MX8M_Plus_comes_to_Qseven_form_factor⠀⇛ Congatec’s Qseven form-factor “Conga-QMX8-Plus” module runs Linux or Android on the NPU-equipped i.MX8M Plus with up to 6GB LPDDR4, up to 128MB eMMC, a microSD slot, GbE with TSN, and optional - 40 to 85°C support. Congatec announced the first Qseven-form-factor module we have seen build around NXP’s i.MX8M Plus, which it has already deployed in its Conga-SMX8- Plus SMARC module. The Conga-QMX8-Plus, which follows earlier i.MX8 family Qseven modules, including the i.MX8X based Conga-QMX8X, runs Linux, Yocto, or Android on the 14nm 1.8GHz, quad-core, Cortex-A53 SoC. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Who_remembers_E.T._for_the_Atari_2600?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Russian_Company_Develops_32-Bit_RISC- V_Microcontroller⠀⇛ Inherited from the USSR, the modern Russian Federation has its own CPU architecture (Elbrus) and platforms to build PCs and servers. In addition, there are Russian companies that develop various Arm-based system-on-chips and controllers. The country also has 300-mm equipment purchased from AMD’s fab near Dresden in the early 2000s. This means that, in theory, Russia could build CPUs for its own domestic needs (yet it will hardly satisfy even 50% of its needs as most programs are designed for x86 or Arm processors). # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Mine_Cryptocurrency_on_Your_Android Smartphone⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Minecraft_shaders_on_your_Android smartphone_|_HT_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung’s_Android_12-based_One_UI_4_beta_finally_lets you_use_icon_packs_—_here’s_everything_new_so_far⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Pixel_6_is_Android’s_best_chance_to_stop_the iPhone_13_Pro_from_dominating_video⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_free-to-play_games_on_Android_w/_GeForce_Now_ [Video]_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_9_Best_Encrypted_Messaging_Android_Apps_–_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_10_MMA_Apps_for_Android_to_learn_Mix_Martial Arts_on_your_own⠀⇛ # ⚓ We_asked_readers:_‘iPhone_or_Android,_and_why?’_They had_a_lot_to_say.⠀⇛ # ⚓ CAT_S22_Flip_is_a_rugged_Android_phone_in_old-school clamshell_guise_–_SlashGear⠀⇛ # ⚓ Bitcoin_Android_Apps:_Everything_You_Need_To_Know⠀⇛ # ⚓ TheWiSpy:_Best_Mobile_Phone_Tracking_App_for_Android Devices_–_California_News_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Galaxy_Tab_A8_renders_reveal_the_affordable_Android tablet_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_clear_Android_cache_and_why_you_need_to_do_it –_SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_open_Zip_files_on_Android_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ ColorOS_12_based_on_Android_12_arrives_to_Chinese OnePlus_9_and_9_Pro_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_Best_Recycle_Bin_Apps_To_Restore_Mistakenly Deleted_Files_and_Docs⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_Pad_5_Brings_Back_the_Android_Tablet_|_Mixed Signals⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_on_Samsung_is_a_stark_difference_from Pixel_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Material_You_apps:_These_apps_support_Android_12 colors_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_easily_turn_your_Android_into_a_webcam⠀⇛ # ⚓ Anker_Nebula_Android_TV_dongle_bundles_the_Google_G10 remote,_priced_at_$89.99⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Car_Launcher_Pro, Codex_of_Victory,_and_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ The_future_of_the_Jekyll_static-site_generator⠀⇛ My blog here has been rendered with the Hugo static site generator since at least 2016. Having all my blog posts stored as plain text files, wrapped with a simple enough theme, and generated on a server makes so many things easier. Hugo cuts through my almost 8,000 blog post archive like butter, rendering it in fewer than 20 seconds. My web server is the most basic thing imaginable, because all it has to do is deliver HTML. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ [Older]_Firefox_92_Browser_for_Linux_Released Download_and_Install⠀⇛ Firefox 92 Browser for Linux Released Download and Install, Mozilla Firefox 92 is a free, cross-platform browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation with the help of hundreds of contributors. The foundation’s intent is to develop a lightweight, secure, intuitive, and highly extensible browser. Wikipedia # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Learning_Path:_Introduction_to_R⠀⇛ Enhance your data science toolkit with our “Introduction to R” learning path: from the basis of the syntax, to operations and functions, for solid programming foundations. R is one of the most popular programming, scripting, and markup languages. Written by statisticians for statisticians, it is an incredible tool for data exploration, data manipulation, visualization and data analysis. If you don’t have it yet in your pocket, or if you would like to build better foundations for your programming skills, this workshop series is what you were looking for. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ A_good_old-​fashioned_Perl_log_analyzer⠀⇛ A recent Lobsters post laud­ing the virtues of AWK remind­ed me that although the lan­guage is pow­er­ful and lightning-​fast, I usu­al­ly find myself exceed­ing its capa­bil­i­ties and reach­ing for Perl instead. One such appli­ca­tion is ana­lyz­ing volu­mi­nous log files such as the ones gen­er­at­ed by this blog. Yes, WordPress has stats, but I’ve nev­er let rein­ven­tion of the wheel get in the way of a good pro­gram­ming exercise. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Some_notes_on_upgrading_programs_with_Python’s pip⠀⇛ My primary use of Python’s pip package manager is to install programs like the Python LSP server; I may install these into either a contained environment (a virtual environment or a PyPy one) or as a user package with ‘pip install –user’. In either case, the day will come when there’s a new version of the Python LSP server (or whatever) and I want to update to it. As I noted down back in my pip cheatsheet, the basic command I want here is ‘pip install –upgrade ’, possibly with ‘–user’ as well. However, it turns out that there are some complexities and issues here, which ultimately come about because pip is not the same sort of package manager as Fedora’s DNF or Debian’s apt. # ⚓ OpenBSD’s_pledge_and_unveil_from_Python⠀⇛ Years ago, OpenBSD gained two new security system calls, pledge(2) (originally tame(2)) and unveil. In both, an application surrenders capabilities at run-time. The idea is to perform initialization like usual, then drop capabilities before handling untrusted input, limiting unwanted side effects. This feature is applicable even where type safety isn’t an issue, such as Python, where a program might still get tricked into accessing sensitive files or making network connections when it shouldn’t. So how can a Python program access these system calls? # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Using_functions_more⠀⇛ Bash functions seem to sit in a sweet spot between aliases and full blown scripts. I’ve defined a number of functions in my dotfiles which are all useful. Unlike aliases, they can take parameters and have greater scope for doing things; unlike scripts, they run in the context of the current shell which means, for example, that I can set a value in a variable during the course of a function’s execution and it’s available directly afterwards, in the same shell session. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ Java_SE_17_Released⠀⇛ After six months of development, Oracle has released a platform Java SE 17 (Java Platform, Standard Edition 17), as a reference implementation that uses an open source project OpenJDK. Except for the removal of some deprecated features, Java SE 17 retains backward compatibility with previous releases of the Java platform — most previously written Java projects will work unchanged when run under the new version. Ready-to-install Java SE 17 assemblies (JDK, JRE, and Server JRE) are prepared for Linux (x86_64, AArch64), Windows (x86_64), and macOS (x86_64, AArch64). The reference implementation developed by the OpenJDK project is Java 17 fully open source under the GPLv2 license with GNU ClassPath exceptions to allow dynamic linking to commercial products. Java SE 17 has been categorized as a Long Term Support (LTS) release with updates to be released until 2029. Updates for the previous Java 16 interim release have been discontinued. The previous LTS branch of Java 11 will be supported until 2026. The next LTS release is slated for September 2024. Recall that starting with the release of Java 10, the project moved to a new development process, implying a shorter cycle of forming new releases. The new functionality is now being developed in one constantly updated master branch , which includes ready-made changes and from which branches are branched every six months to stabilize new releases. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ History’s_Light_on_the_Dark_Road_Ahead⠀⇛ Based on hundreds of documents and interviews, the two- volume history starts off with long mea culpa—an acknowledgment of the naiveté that led the U.S. into a chaotic and bloody occupation of the land where human civilization began. The confessional drumbeat begins near the start, on p. 43, when, in the wake of 9/11, the military, at the direction of President George W. Bush, began forming its plan for regime change in Iraq. o ⚓ You_Reap_What_You_Sow⠀⇛ o ⚓ Social_Security:_Long_May_It_Wave⠀⇛ o ⚓ Austria’s_Ibizagate⠀⇛ The scandal broke when video footage emerged of the former leader of Austria’s far-right Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ), Heinz-Christian Strache, then Austria’s Vice-Chancellor, promising public contracts to a woman posing as a Russian oligarch’s niece in exchange for support for the FPÖ in the 2017 election campaign. The fake billionaire woman offered to buy the country’s leading tabloid newspaper Kronen Zeitung and, somewhat in the manner of Rupert Murdoch, said she would change its editorial line to support the FPÖ’s anti-Islam, anti- immigration platform. o ⚓ Why_I’m_mostly_not_a_fan_of_coloured_text_(in_terminals_or elsewhere)⠀⇛ A broader reason is that most colour schemes are not designed with a focus on contrast, readability, and communication (I think they’re often not systematically designed at all). Instead they are all too often a combination of what looks good and matches the tastes of their creators, mingled with what has become traditional. This is colour for colour’s sake, not colour for readability, information content, or clear communication. o ⚓ Trolls_Will_Be_Trolls,_Online_and_Offline,_Reports_New_Study⠀⇛ If you’re a troll online, you are most likely also a troll offline, at least with respect to political discussions, reports new research published in the American Political Science Review. In their study, Aarhus University researchers Alexander Bor and Michael Bang Petersen investigate what they call the “mismatch hypothesis.” Do mismatches between human psychology, evolved to navigate life in small social groups, and novel features of online environments, such as anonymity, rapid text-based responses, combined with the absence of moderating face-to-face social cues, change behavior for the worse in impersonal online political discussions? No, conclude the authors. “Instead, hostile political discussions are the result of status-driven individuals who are drawn to politics and are equally hostile both online and offline,” they report. However, they also find that online political discussions may tend to feel more hostile because the greater connectivity and permanence of various Internet discussion platforms make trolls much more visible online than offline. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Sir_Clive_Sinclair,_the_father_of_the_ZX_Spectrum,_has died⠀⇛ Even bigger success followed a year later with the ZX81, and then the ZX Spectrum in 1982, which became the best-selling personal computer in the UK. Various official and unofficial clones and spinoffs followed over the years, and Sinclair was granted a knighthood in 1983 for his contributions to British industry. # ⚓ Sir_Clive_Sinclair_obituary⠀⇛ Sinclair created the world’s first pocket calculator and kick-started the home computing revolution by producing the first PC to retail at less than £100. However, these triumphs were eclipsed in 1985 by the commercial failure of his electric three-wheeler, the Sinclair C5. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ As_Wealthy_Nations_Debate_Giving_Booster_Vaccine_Shots, Calls_Grow_for_Global_Vaccine_Equity⠀⇛ As the debate over booster vaccine shots heats up in the United States, global health leaders have issued an urgent call for global vaccine equity. The WHO reports vaccination rates on the African continent fall far below its target for 70% of the population of all countries to be vaccinated by mid-2022. “The science is not completely behind the need for booster shots yet,” says Zane Dangor, special adviser to the foreign minister of South Africa, who has called on the U.S. to come up with a proposal for allowing other countries to manufacture vaccines. “This is an emergency that affects all of us because variants are coming from areas where there are large numbers of unvaccinated people,” adds infectious disease specialist Dr. Joia Mukherjee. # ⚓ Supreme_Court_Approval_Hits_Historic_Low_Over_Failure_to Stop_TX_Abortion_Ban⠀⇛ # ⚓ United_Airlines_CEO_Says_Resignations_in_“Single_Digits” After_Vaccine_Mandate⠀⇛ # ⚓ Harriet_Washington,_“Medical_Apartheid”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sanders_Blasts_Conservative_Democrats_for_Siding_With_Big Pharma_Over_Voters⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Director_of_Florida’s_Program_for_Brain_Damaged_Infants Has_Resigned⠀⇛ On the eve of what was expected to be a contentious board of directors meeting, the head of Florida’s compensation program for brain-damaged children abruptly resigned. Kenney Shipley, who has overseen the Birth-Related Neurological Injury Compensation Association, or NICA, for nearly two decades, announced her resignation in a letter Wednesday. It takes effect Jan. 4, 2022, though Shipley intends to claim accrued leave time after an interim director is appointed. # ⚓ Sanders_Says_There’s_‘No_Excuse’_for_Any_Democrat_to_Oppose Lowering_Drug_Prices⠀⇛ After three House Democrats voted against a key plank of their party’s plan to lower prescription drug prices, Sen. Bernie Sanders said Wednesday that Congress must ensure the provision is included in the final budget reconciliation package despite objections from conservative lawmakers. Sanders (I-Vt.), the chair of the Senate Budget Committee, said he understands that “the pharmaceutical industry owns the Republican Party and that no Republican voted for this bill, but there is no excuse for every Democrat not supporting it.” # ⚓ Journalist’s_slaying:_Have_Dutch_values_fostered_a_crime problem?⠀⇛ “I have zero need for drugs and cannot understand why people need them”, she says. But she says that many people like her remain on the fence about further liberalization and await the results of recent legalization efforts in other parts of the world, including some U.S. states. # ⚓ Why_Americans_Die_So_Much⠀⇛ According to a new working paper released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Americans now die earlier than their European counterparts, no matter what age you’re looking at. Compared with Europeans, American babies are more likely to die before they turn 5, American teens are more likely to die before they turn 20, and American adults are more likely to die before they turn 65. At every age, living in the United States carries a higher risk of mortality. This is America’s unsung death penalty, and it adds up. Average life expectancy surged above 80 years old in just about every Western European country in the 2010s, including Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Germany, the U.K., Denmark, and Switzerland. In the U.S., by contrast, the average life span has never exceeded 79—and now it’s just taken a historic tumble. Why is the U.S. so much worse than other developed countries at performing the most basic function of civilization: keeping people alive? # ⚓ Jio,_Cisco,_others_ink_pact_with_Agriculture_ministry_to modernize_farming_sector⠀⇛ The Central government has further rolled out a Digital Agriculture mission for 2021-25 for projects based on new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, remote sensing, and GIS technology, use of drones and robots, among others. The agriculture department is also creating a federated farmers database which will be linked by the land records of farmers from across the country for the creation of a unique Farmer ID. # ⚓ Facebook_announces_crackdown_on_‘coordinated_social_harm’ campaigns⠀⇛ Facebook’s head of security policy, Nathaniel Gleicher, wrote in a blog post that the company was taking steps to crack down on “networks of primarily authentic users who organize to systematically violate our policies to cause harm on or off our platform.” The campaigns are separate from individuals who post on their own social media. They’re also different from efforts launched by “inauthentic users” where it is not immediately clear who is running the social media page or account. # ⚓ Overnight_Hillicon_Valley_—_Scrutiny_over_Instagram’s impact_on_teens⠀⇛ “It is clear that Facebook is incapable of holding itself accountable. The Wall Street Journal’s reporting reveals Facebook’s leadership to be focused on a growth-at-all-costs mindset that valued profits over the health and lives of children and teens,” Sens. Richard Blumenthal (D- Conn.) and Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.) said in a joint statement. Blumenthal and Blackburn, the top members of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation’s consumer protection subcommittee, said they are in touch with a Facebook whistleblower and will use “every resource at our disposal to investigate what Facebook knew and when they knew it.” The senators said they’ll seek further documents and pursue witness testimony. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_dies?_This_Linux_replaces_it_with_another browser⠀⇛ Firefox has always been the favorite web browser for users who are committed to free software and privacy. However, for months, Mozilla has only lost followers who, little by little, are migrating to both Chrome and Edge, the two most used browsers today. Although it is not the most used web browser within Windows, the orange fox has always been an icon in Linux distributions. However, this may be over very soon. What a web browser needs to be successful is to have great allies. Chrome, for example, appears on the main page of the Google search engine, so we will forcefully end up installing it. Edge comes by default in Windows 10, with banners that call us to try it. Safari the same on macOS. But what about alternative browsers, like Vivaldi ? # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSSL_3.0_Cryptographic_Library_Released_with new_license⠀⇛ Recently, OpenSSL 3.0 was announced , the new major version of the popular cryptographic library that is also one of the most essential components of the Internet . This is a job that has occupied developers for three years in which there have been 17 alpha releases, 2 betas and 7,500 commits, all of that coming from 350 different authors. OpenSSL 3 comes with many major changes that not only cover the software itself, but also other aspects such as the documentation and licenses used. As Matt Caswell explains in the official announcement, “there has been a 94% increase in the amount of documentation we have since OpenSSL 1.1.1 and an (adjusted) increase in ‘lines of code’ in our tests of 54% . “ Caswell has also highlighted the community’s enthusiasm and level of activity in making contributions. The new version of the cryptographic library has been able to count on some dedicated engineers, who have been able to be paid thanks to the fact that the project has obtained financing through different channels. With regard to changes and news, we start with the change of license. Previous versions of OpenSSL used both their own license and SSLeay (which will remain), but OpenSSL 3 will use Apache License 2.0 , which is an Open Source license and free software of a lax nature compatible with version 3 of GPL, but not 2. # ⚓ Trial_Ends_in_Guilty_Verdict_for_DDoS-for-Hire Boss⠀⇛ A jury in California today reached a guilty verdict in the trial of Matthew Gatrel, a St. Charles, Ill. man charged in 2018 with operating two online services that allowed paying customers to launch powerful distributed denial- of-service (DDoS) attacks against Internet users and websites. Gatrel’s conviction comes roughly two weeks after his co-conspirator pleaded guilty to criminal charges related to running the services. # ⚓ New_malware_uses_Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux for_stealthy_attacks [Ed: Microsoft's attack on Linux (WSL) is not being used as a FUD source against "Linux"]⠀⇛ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ What’s_Up_with_WhatsApp_Encrypted Backups⠀⇛ Currently, users can choose to periodically back up their WhatsApp message history on iCloud (for iOS phones) or Google Drive (for Android phones), or to never back them up at all. Backing up your messages means that you can still access them if, for example, your phone is lost or destroyed.  WhatsApp does not have access to these backups, but backup service providers Apple and Google sure do. Unencrypted backups are vulnerable to government requests, third-party hacking, and disclosure by Apple or Google employees. That’s why EFF has consistently recommended that users not back up their messages to the cloud, and further that you encourage your friends and contacts to skip it too. Backing up secure messenger conversations to the cloud unencrypted (or encrypted in a way that allows the company running the backup to access message contents) means exposing the plaintext to third parties, and introduces a significant hole in the protection the messenger can offer. When encrypted WhatsApp backups arrive, that will change. With fully encrypted backups, Apple and Google will no longer be able to access backed up WhatsApp content. Instead, WhatsApp backups will be encrypted with a very long (64-digit) encryption key generated on the user’s device. Users in need of a high level of security can directly save this key in their preferred password manager. All others can rely on WhatsApp’s recovery system, which will store the encryption key in a way that WhatsApp cannot access, protected by a password of the user’s choosing.  # ⚓ G7:_Still_coming_after_encryption,_plans to_reinforce_Interpol_and_global_travel surveillance⠀⇛ The recent meeting of G7 interior and security ministers in London resulted in a detailed set of commitments, including reassertion of the need to undermine encrypted communications, reinforce Interpol, and to enforce new international standards on Passenger Name Record (PNR) travel surveillance and passenger profiling systems. # ⚓ China’s_Social_Credit_System_Is_Actually Quite_Boring⠀⇛ Contrary to common belief, the cities mainly target companies, not individuals. Nonetheless, legal representatives of a violating company are also included in the blacklists to prevent reoffending elsewhere or under a different company. Nationally, about 75 percent of entities targeted by the system end up on blacklists because of court orders they have ignored—the so-called judgment defaulters. The remaining companies are typically collared for severe marketplace violations—for instance, for food safety infringements, environmental damage, or wage arrears. But much of these cities’ day-to-day use of the SCS is banal thanks to the system’s fragmentation and inflation of results. Fragmentation is a symptom of central authorities being unclear about goals and how to reach them. This gives local authorities leeway to implement policies in creative or self- serving ways, producing numerous quirky experiments. During China’s first COVID-19 wave, the city of Anqing logged one blacklisting in excruciating detail, as our research found. At a checkpoint, “the culprit” refused to follow the advice of Chinese Communist Party members on duty, used a pair of pliers to cut through a fence that blocked the road and threw it off to the side. This led “the [Chinese Communist] Party flagpole on the fence to be bent across the road” and “the offender then [driving] over the flagpole, causing the party flagpole to be damaged. The damaged items were worth RMB 20.” # ⚓ Microsoft_adds_a_passwordless_option_for Microsoft_accounts⠀⇛ So how will your account be secured? In place of a password, Microsoft will use its Microsoft Authenticator app for your phone, Windows Hello, and codes sent to your email or phone in place of a traditional password. We’ve seen Microsoft offer to sign into your account without a password since 2017, but today is the first day that Microsoft is also inviting you to ditch passwords entirely. # ⚓ TikTok_faces_privacy_investigations_by_EU watchdog⠀⇛ The watchdog is looking into its processing of children’s personal data, and whether TikTok is in line with EU laws about transferring personal data to other countries, such as China. # § Confidentiality⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Big_Spy_in_Your Little_Phone⠀⇛ Is the phone in your pocket spying on you? As cell phones have become ubiquitous, government intelligence agencies have poured vast resources into hacking them, remotely stripping people of their privacy in the name of national security. Now, a burgeoning industry has emerged, generating huge profits for shadowy corporations that specialize in developing ever-more innovative ways to secretly infect digital devices with spyware. Activists, journalists, human rights defenders and dissidents the world over have been surveilled and in a number of cases arrested, tortured or killed. This week, Citizen Lab, a cybersecurity research organization based at the University of Toronto, revealed the existence of a “zero-click” exploit that exposed 1.65 billion Apple iPhone and other Apple devices to a complete and almost undetectable takeover by the spyware known as Pegasus, produced by NSO Group, a private company. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Problem_With_Making_War_“Humane”⠀⇛ Humane warfare is a paradoxical idea with a long history. Essentially, the notion speaks of the attempt to make war less lethal and more ethical for the purpose of minimizing the suffering of soldiers and civilians, a concern that, by the 19th century, had grown on account of the carnage of industrialized and mechanized warfare. Expressing this view in the early 1860s, for instance, the founders of the Red Cross struggled to make warfare less hostile even as they acknowledged its inevitability. From their efforts emerged the First Geneva Convention (1864), which established international rules of warfare for the treatment of sick and wounded soldiers. At the same time there emerged a transatlantic peace movement that sought to resist war, not by making it more humane but by outlawing it altogether. For peace activists such as Leo Tolstoy, Jane Addams, Bertha von Suttner, and others, humanizing warfare amounted essentially to legitimating and perpetuating it. They believed that criminalizing and abolishing war was the only option. # ⚓ The_Dangerous_Exaggeration_of_the_Threat⠀⇛ Nations judge potential adversaries on the basis of intentions and capabilities.  Soon after World War II, the United States formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) due to an exaggerated fear of Soviet intentions and capabilities as well as the fear that Joseph Stalin was another Adolf Hitler.  Six years after the creation of NATO, the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact, which institutionalized the Cold War between East and West.  Ironically, many European nations supported the creation of NATO because they feared a German revival rather than a Soviet challenge.  Similarly, the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact because they questioned the loyalty and support of their East European neighbors more than they feared a threat from the West. In addition to exaggerating threats, the United States has tended to exaggerate its own skill and power in the resolution of tensions. Even when Stalin demonstrated his fear of another war in Europe by backing down from the Berlin blockade, U.S. policymakers considered his retreat the triumph of allied agility and military unity.  Years later, the United States believed that its military power solved the problem of the Cuban missile crisis, when a secret agreement involving the removal of U.S. missiles from Turkey had been central to the agreement. # ⚓ Decades_of_Reporting_on_Afghanistan_War_Failed_to_Look_at Life_Outside_Kabul⠀⇛ # ⚓ What_Can_We_Learn_From_the_War_in_Afghanistan?⠀⇛ Disagreements over how to assess the American exodus from Afghanistan have kept the pundits busy these last weeks, even though there wasn’t much to say that hadn’t been said before. For some of them, however, that was irrelevant. Having overseen or promoted the failed Afghan War themselves, all the while brandishing various “metrics” of success, they were engaged in transparent reputation- salvaging. # ⚓ The_Other_Afghan_Women:_Rural_Areas_Hope_Taliban_Rule_Will End_Decades_of_U.S._&_Warlord_Violence⠀⇛ Violence in Afghanistan’s countryside has reportedly dropped after the Taliban takeover and the withdrawal of U.S. troops, but the country continues to face an ongoing humanitarian and economic crisis, with millions of children at risk of starvation. Joining us from Kabul, New Yorker reporter Anand Gopal says he was shocked by the “sheer level of violence” Afghan women outside the cities have experienced in the last two decades of war. “The level of human loss was really extraordinary,” Gopal says. “I think we’ve grossly undercounted the number of civilians who died in this war.” # ⚓ The_Lessons_of_9/11⠀⇛ On the one hand, many of the poorest people on Earth live in such desperate circumstances that they often feel understandably angry that so little seems to be available to them except US military domination. On the other hand, many welcome US influence and would love to escape to live with us. # ⚓ Victims_of_Endless_War⠀⇛ The attacks of September 2001 had their inception in the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan at the end of the decade of the 1970s. The intention of the US was to make Afghanistan the Soviet Union’s Vietnam. The US achieved that goal and created its own Vietnam-style quagmire there. History doesn’t often repeat itself, but it certainly rhymes. We will never know how many trillions of dollars were pissed away beginning in the 1980s, but Brown University’s Costs of War project gives a good reckoning of the trillions, $8 trillion, pissed away in the wars of the post-9/11 epoch and the lives ended. In August 1970, I climbed the stairs to the roof of my graduate dormitory on Washington Square South in Greenwich Village in New York City. The view of the towers of the World Trade Center was breathtaking. Almost forgotten were the environmental costs of such a project, in concrete and steel alone. In the night, it felt as if by reaching out, a person could touch those towers and the golden glow from the work lights of the South Tower that was reaching its completion gave the buildings a magnificent and eerie glow. # ⚓ Opinion_|_We_Need_a_National_Rite_of_Passage_That_Doesn’t Include_War⠀⇛ A recent New York Times op-ed was perhaps the strangest, most awkward and tentative defense of the military-industrial complex—excuse me, the experiment in democracy called America—I’ve ever encountered, and begs to be addressed. # ⚓ ‘Anti-China’_Military_Pact_‘Threatens_Peace_and_Stability’ in_Pacific,_Groups_Warn⠀⇛ Anti-war advocates are denouncing Wednesday’s formation of a trilateral military partnership through which the United States and the United Kingdom plan to help Australia build a fleet of nuclear-powered submarines—a long-term initiative broadly viewed as a challenge to China by Western powers determined to exert control over the Pacific region. “If Biden and the Pentagon really want to ‘ensure peace and stability’ in the region, they could simply stop dealing missiles, weapons, [and] nuclear tech to Australia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.”—CodePink # ⚓ Opinion_|_Undermining_Biden,_White_House_Advisor_Ratchets Up_Conflict_With_China⠀⇛ As a longtime Hawaii resident, I have always scratched my head as to how Grover Cleveland—the president of the United States—had been so ineffective when it came to foreign policy. His efforts to right the wrong of the unauthorized armed invasion and imprisonment of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 fell woefully short. Corporate and military forces influenced Congress to undermine the president and successfully orchestrate the overthrow of the sovereign nation of Hawaii. # ⚓ Ex-UM_professor_charged_with_shipping_genetic_equipment_to Iran_in_violation_of_U.S._sanctions⠀⇛ Faghihi, 52, was arrested on conspiracy and related charges stemming from allegations that he shipped genetic sequencing equipment to the Iranian military without a required license from the U.S. Department of Treasury. Faghihi was in contact with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a U.S.- designated terrorist organization, which bought several genetic testing machines from his local business, Thakur said. # ⚓ America’s_Afghanistan_Amnesia⠀⇛ What Biden could have added is that his critics are willfully dishonest about the history of the war—and the nature of the status quo before the collapse. One of the very best guides to that history is the blockbuster “Afghanistan Papers” report that Craig Whitlock released in The Washington Post in 2019 (now available in expanded form as a book). # ⚓ Moscow_Expands_Its_Military_Footprint_on_NATO’s_Borders⠀⇛ Neighboring Poland declared a state of emergency along its eastern border with Belarus last week ahead of the military exercises. Baltic states Latvia and Lithuania have also declared states of emergencies as all three countries have seen a huge increase in the number of migrants from the Middle East and North Africa looking to cross into the European Union from Belarus—thought to have been deliberately sent to the border by Lukashenko. Then, on Sunday, Lukashenko added to tensions by announcing that Belarus would buy $1 billion worth of Russian military equipment over the next four years. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ As_big_forests_shrink,_the_carbon_leaks_and_the_heat rises⠀⇛ The world’s greatest forests are turning to patchwork. The patches get more frequent, the carbon leaks and the heat rises. # ⚓ The_Climate_Apocalypse_According_to_Joy_Williams⠀⇛ Maggots: The Record, the 1987 concept album by Wendy O. Williams and the Plasmatics, opens with the following monologue: It is 25 years in the future. Environmental abuse and the burning of fossil fuels have effectively doubled atmospheric CO2 levels creating a greenhouse effect of strength unknown in historical times. Global temperature rises have caused accelerated melting of the earth’s glaciers and polar ice caps. Preventative measures against massive flooding have been unrealistic and poorly constructed. New York City is typical of cities all over the world. The part which is not completely submerged is a network of festering stagnant pools percolating in a blistering heat in humid air. Day by day, the sound of buzzing flies has become more and more pronounced. # ⚓ Biden_Admin._Sued_for_Letting_Big_Oil_Harass_‘Imperiled’ Polar_Bears⠀⇛ A coalition of conservation groups sued the Biden administration on Thursday over the U.S. Department of the Interior’s recent rule allowing fossil fuel companies to harass polar bears and walruses while searching and drilling for oil and gas in the Southern Beaufort Sea. “Unchecked oil and gas development in Alaska’s Arctic impedes the survival of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears, already one of the world’s most imperiled populations.”—Nicole Whittington-Evans, Defenders of Wildlife # ⚓ Youth_Climate_Anxiety_Is_Skyrocketing_—_and_Government Inaction_Is_to_Blame⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_Report_Says_We_Will_Miss_1.5_Degrees_Celsius_Goal Without_Drastic_Action_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ Exxon_Helped_Cause_the_Climate_Crisis._It’s_Time_They_Paid Up.⠀⇛ This story originally appeared in The Guardian and is republished here as part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration cofounded by The Nation and Columbia Journalism Review to strengthen coverage of the climate story. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Tlaib_and_Pressley_File_Bill_to_Force_Fed_to_Divest Banks_From_Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Grim_and_Alarming’_UN_Report_Details_‘Catastrophic’ Global_Failure_on_Climate⠀⇛ United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres warned Thursday that humanity’s “future is at stake” with governments’ climate commitments, as he marked the launch of a U.N.-backed report he called “an alarming appraisal of just how far off course we are.” “We continue to destroy the things on which we depend for life on Earth.” # ⚓ Dems_Call_Fossil_Fuel_CEOs,_Lobbyists_to_Testify About_Climate_Disinformation⠀⇛ Democratic leaders on the U.S. House Oversight and Reform Committee sent letters Thursday inviting the heads of key fossil fuel companies and lobbying groups to testify before the panel about the industry’s contributions to climate disinformation in recent decades. “Exposing the industry’s disinformation is a critical step in holding it accountable for the damage it has done and clearing the way for meaningful change.”—Jamie Henn, Fossil Free Media # ⚓ GMB_Union_‘Misleadingly’_Claims_Gas_Boilers_Will_be ‘Ripped_Out’_of_Homes_Under_Net_Zero_Plans⠀⇛ One of the UK’s biggest trade unions has been accused of being “deeply misleading” after suggesting government climate plans involve “ripping out” gas boilers from people’s homes. The GMB union, which represents 500,000 workers including gas engineers, said this week that plans to replace fossil fuel boilers to cut household carbon emissions would lead to “heating chaos for millions”, calling low-carbon alternatives such as heat pumps “unproven technology”. # ⚓ Norway_is_wealthy_because_of_oil._Can_it_give_up fossil_fuels?⠀⇛ “Our demand is to stop looking for oil and gas, and stop handing out new permits to companies,” says Lars Haltbrekken, climate and energy spokesman for the Socialist Left party – a likely coalition partner for Labor. He claims that after eight years in charge the government is protecting a status quo at a time when the country is thirsty for a post-oil future. A report in August from the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicting global floods and fires created a wave in Norway that has crested throughout this election campaign. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Scientists_Find_New_Way_to_Reduce_Marine_‘Dead Zones’⠀⇛ # ⚓ Help_Us_Understand_Pacific_Northwest_Salmon_and Treaty_Rights⠀⇛ Nearly 170 years ago, the U.S. government started signing treaties with Indigenous tribes in the Pacific Northwest that amassed millions of acres of land for new settlers. In exchange for their signatures, hundreds of tribes retained the rights to critical natural resources, including fresh water and salmon. But the U.S. government broke those agreements. It ignored them. It even fraudulently altered them. Some tribes were excluded from these treaties altogether. # ⚓ Montana_Puts_Yellowstone_Wolves_in_the_Crosshairs⠀⇛ Starting today, iconic Yellowstone wolves crossing the boundary of Yellowstone National Park into the state of Montana face slaughter by trophy hunters with high-powered rifles, including within federally-designated Wilderness areas. Wolves living in Glacier National Park face a similar fate when they exit the national park. Last month, Montana not only eliminated any cap on the number of wolves that can be killed in hunting and trapping zones bordering Yellowstone National Park and Glacier National Park, but individuals can now kill a total of 10 wolves per season. New regulations also allow unethical baiting for wolves statewide, including within federal public lands and Wilderness areas. Night hunting with artificial lights or night vision scopes is also allowed on private lands statewide. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Daily_Weight_Of_Water_Weighs_On_The_Poorest_in Sierra_Leone⠀⇛ Clean water didn’t used to be an issue in Dworzak. In the 1980s and ’90s, people started building small houses on the lush terrain. Water bubbled up from multiple springs, and it gushed down streams that cut through ravines. Then during Sierra Leone’s brutal civil war in the 1990s, Dworzak grew rapidly. More and more people moved to the capital to get away from fighting in the countryside. And while new residents arrived quickly, basic infrastructure such as roads, electricity, sewers and piped water didn’t. Streams got polluted with sewage and trash. Springs that had been sufficient for a few families couldn’t keep up with the demands of the growing population. # ⚓ Water_shortages_loom_over_future_semiconductor_fabs in_Arizona⠀⇛ How the planned water cuts shake out depends on who is given top priority under a complex set of water-sharing agreements. Arizona, with more junior rights to the water than other states it shares it with, will suffer the biggest cuts, losing about 8 percent of the total water it receives a year. But for now, those cuts will primarily affect agriculture, which used more than 70 percent of the state’s water in 2019. Water for tribes, municipal use, and industry are given higher priority in the state, shielding residents and companies unless a more severe water shortage is eventually declared at Lake Mead. # ⚓ First-ever_water_shortage_on_the_Colorado_River_will bring_cuts_for_Arizona_farmers⠀⇛ The reservoir near Las Vegas has fallen to its lowest levels since Hoover Dam was built in the 1930s and is continuing to drop after years of chronic overuse and drought intensified by climate change. It now stands at just 35% of full capacity. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Kyrsten_Sinema’s_Grapes_of_Wealth⠀⇛ A curious news story popped up in the Sonoma County Press-Democrat this summer, just as a bipartisan group of US senators was trimming the sails on Joe Biden’s infrastructure plans and sending their own $1.2 trillion package to the Senate floor: The Wine Country paper of record reported that one of those senators, Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, had traveled to the city of Sonoma in August 2020, where she earned $1,117.40 as a paid intern at a winery. # ⚓ 400+_Economists_Press_Congress_to_Permanently_Expand_Child Tax_Credit⠀⇛ A group of over 400 economists on Wednesday sent a letter to congressional leaders calling for the expanded child tax credit to be made permanent, citing “potential tremendous immediate and long- term benefits for children and their families.” The America Recovery Plan, prompted by the pandemic, expanded the child tax credit (CTC), first enacted over two decades ago. In addition to boosting the amount of the credit to up to $3,600 for parents of younger children, it advanced half of the credit ahead of tax-filing time. # ⚓ El_Salvador_Becomes_First_Nation_to_Make_Bitcoin_Legal Tender_Amid_Growing_Authoritarianism⠀⇛ Thousands in El Salvador took to the streets Wednesday to protest President Nayib Bukele’s growing consolidation of power and a new law making El Salvador the world’s first country to recognize the highly volatile cryptocurrency bitcoin as legal tender. Protesters in El Salvador are also criticizing a recent court ruling that paves the way for Bukele to run for reelection in 2024. El Salvador’s turn to bitcoin comes as a “surprise” to many, but has been pushed by Bukele as a way to lessen remittance fees, says Jorge Cuéllar, an assistant professor of Latin American, Latino and Caribbean studies at Dartmouth College. “There’s no reason why bitcoin should be at the top of the government agenda in a moment of pandemic, of water stress, of food insecurity, of depressed wages,” Cuéllar says. “People are very suspicious of this.” # ⚓ Bitcoin_the_Messiah:_El_Salvador_Goes_Crypto⠀⇛ One country has decided to make using cryptocurrency a reality, sticking its neck out in adopting bitcoin as something akin to an economic messiah.  Few thought it would be El Salvador, whose government made the currency legal tender on September 7.  To mark the occasion, each citizen signing up to Chivo, the national digital wallet, has receivedUS$30.  Foreigners adventurous enough to invest three bitcoins in the country are promised residency. The introduction was far from spontaneous.  The surf town of El Zonte, with its Bitcoin Beach project, began an experiment to adopt the currency in 2018, a venture aided by the Californian cryptocurrency zealot Michael Peterson.  Through the Evangelical Christian church, Peterson combined God and crypto, proselytising the value of such currency.  Each local family received US$50, and the currency came to be used for such projects as rubbish collecting and lifeguarding. # ⚓ To_Ward_Off_the_Eviction_Crisis,_Look_Not_to_Congress,_But to_the_Grassroots⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Moral_Case_for_Resisting_Evictions_Amid_a Pandemic⠀⇛ Over the past weeks, multiple crises have merged: a crisis of democracy with the most significant attack on voting rights since Reconstruction; a climate crisis with lives and livelihoods upended in the Gulf Coast and the Northeast by extreme weather events and in the West by a stunning fire season; and an economic crisis in which millions are being cut off from Pandemic Unemployment Insurance, even as August job gains proved underwhelming. There’s also a crisis taking place in state legislatures with an ongoing attack on women’s autonomy over our own bodies. The Supreme Court let a law go into effect that makes abortions nearly impossible in Texas and turns its enforcement over to vigilantes. And then, of course, there’s the looming eviction crisis that could precipitate the worst housing and homelessness disaster in American history. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Thanks_to_the_Child_Tax_Credit,_My_Son_Won’t Suffer_the_Tremendous_Trauma_I_Did⠀⇛ I remember finding out I was about to become a mother. I felt the fear taking hold of me. My brain stopped. I remember crying but had no tears. I remember trying to run, but I couldn’t move. # ⚓ State_of_the_Union:_A_Dress⠀⇛ “Just where do you think You’re going?” it asked, in a heavy Slovenian accent. “I’m going to Tax the Rich,”replied AOC’s dress. “I thought you didn’t care.” # ⚓ House_Tax_Proposal_Falls_Short_of_Making_Billionaires_Pay Their_Fair_Share⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Joe_Manchin_Giveth_on_Voting_Rights—and_Joe_Manchin_Taketh Away⠀⇛ The Democrats in the United States Senate have failed to pass either the For the People Act or the John Lewis Voting Rights Act. Both measures seek to restore voter protections that have been stripped away from people of color by either state legislatures or the Supreme Court. Both were passed by the House of Representatives. Neither has passed the Senate because Republicans oppose voting rights, while certain Democrats still love the filibuster. One Democrat, Senator Joe Manchin (D- Koch Brothers), opposes the For the People Act outright. # ⚓ Arizona_Mystery:_Did_Cyber_Ninjas_Botch_Another_2020 Presidential_Recount_Attempt?⠀⇛ It appears, at the very least, that a contract signed on July 28 by the Cyber Ninjas—the lead contractor in the Arizona Senate Republicans’ election review—and Dr. V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai, a Boston-based technologist and unsuccessful GOP U.S. Senate candidate, indicated that all 2020 election results would be tallied by August—and that deadline has now been missed. An Arizona Republic report about Dr. Shiva, as he is known on social media, and the contract quoted Randy Pullen, the Senate review’s spokesman, as saying that Ayyadurai’s tally of the votes on digital images of 2.1 million paper ballots (created by vote-count scanners) was “sidetracked because the data was corrupted.” Pullen said “only 60 percent of the ballots were accessible.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Real_Criminals_General_Milley_Exposed?_Every Republican_in_the_US_Senate⠀⇛ Joint Chiefs Chairman General Mark Milley stepped outside the realm of his constitutional power to prevent Donald Trump from starting nuclear war with China or Iran.  It was definitely unconstitutional and probably illegal.  But he’s not the true villain in this story; the true villain is almost never mentioned in the press. # ⚓ GOP_Strategists_Fret_Trump’s_“Fraud”_Talk_Encourages_Voters to_Skip_Midterms⠀⇛ # ⚓ Was_the_mysterious_death_of_Dag_Hammarskjold_murder?⠀⇛ The third explanation is that another plane flew near the Albertina as it tried to land, either deliberately or accidentally, causing it to crash, either by forcing it to take evasive action or by downing it with warning shots. This would explain the eyewitness accounts, as well as tidbits other theories struggle with. In 2015 the UN reopened its investigation. Its first report found this explanation “plausible” and suggested that the governments involved ought to prove that they had made exhaustive checks of their records. It will report again in 2022. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Elizabeth_Warren_Threatens_Amazon_For_Selling_Books Containing_Misinformation;_Perhaps_Forgetting_The_1st Amendment⠀⇛ We’re going to have to do this again up front because I know how this is going to go over among some: even if you think Amazon is the root of all evil, and Senator Elizabeth Warren truly is the greatest Senator in the last century, that does not mean that she gets to ignore the Constitution. We had this issue earlier this year when Warren threatened to punish Amazon for its constitutionally protected speech, and now she’s going even further. She has sent a letter to new Amazon CEO Andy Jassy to complain about the fact that there are some books on Amazon that have dangerous mis- and disinformation about COVID-19 and various treatments and vaccines. And, yes, I recognize just as well as you do how dangerous that kind of mis- and disinformation can be. But, whether you like it or not, that mis- and disinformation is almost certainly protected by the 1st Amendment. And Warren ignores all that and implies that Amazon hosting this material is potentially “unlawful.” It’s not and threatening Amazon for carrying it is a huge 1st Amendment issue. # ⚓ Analysis_Shows_Facebook_Allows_99%_of_Climate Disinformation_to_Go_Unchecked⠀⇛ A new analysis released Thursday by the environmental group Friends of the Earth shows that Facebook is continuing to allow thoroughly debunked climate lies to run rampant on its platform, despite the tech giant’s frequent public pledges to combat disinformation. “Facebook is becoming the last bastion of climate denial.”—Michael Khoo, Friends of the Earth # ⚓ Facebook’s_new_commitments_on_climate_misinformation_miss the_point,_activists_say⠀⇛ Lies about climate change still fester unchecked on Facebook, environmentalists say, even as the social media giant announces new climate initiatives. The company today said that it’s beefing up a “Climate Science Center” with more facts, quizzes, and videos. It’s also investing $1 million in grants to groups “working to combat climate misinformation.” Those efforts still don’t get at the root of the problem. Trying to funnel Facebook users to a “science center” doesn’t actually stop climate deniers from posting false information that can spread like wildfire on the platform. And Facebook continues to accept advertising dollars from oil and gas companies. # ⚓ How_the_banking_industry_is_using_social_media_to_kill Biden’s_efforts_to_tax_the_rich⠀⇛ One key provision of President Joe Biden’s Build Back Better plan is causing confusion amid a sustained lobbying campaign from banks both big and small — and a big signal-boost from right-wing media personalities. A flurry of headlines about a proposed Internal Revenue Service reporting requirement for banks, which would require financial institutions to report net annual inflows and outflows on accounts with more than $600 — or that same amount in transactions — seem to be based on the false premise that the Biden Administration would be “snooping” or “monitoring” individuals’ finances, or otherwise tracking all transactions a person makes. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ 8th_Circuit’s_Bizarre_Ruling_In_Devin_Nunes’_SLAPP_Suit Against_Reporter_Ryan_Lizza⠀⇛ Rep. Devin Nunes has kept up his suing news organizations (and satirical internet cows). He has been mostly losing. Lately, we’ve been writing a fair bit about the lawsuit Nunes’ family has (using the same lawyer, Steven Biss) against reporter Ryan Lizza, which has gone somewhat off the rails. There’s been more nonsense since we last wrote about it, but I’m kind of waiting on the judge to actually rule before I go into the details. # ⚓ China’s_Game_Controllers_Ignore_Emergent_Order⠀⇛ Last week, China restricted children under 18 to three weekend hours of video games per week. If you’re a parent of a Minecraft- or Fortnite- obsessed child, you may be wondering why the U.S. doesn’t do something similar. But China’s move against juvenile gaming is just the Chinese government’s latest salvo in their barrage of attempts to control internet technology. Their centralized approach is one that we in the U.S. have historically rejected and should continue to reject. # ⚓ This_Iranian_Musician_Risks_Prison_for_Releasing_a_New Album⠀⇛ He was arrested last year after announcing the album and his intention to work with female singers. An Iranian judge told him he was ‘encouraging prostitution’ by working with women. Rajabian says he’s worried about being reaccused by the Iranian government now that his work on the album is complete. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_Stop_at_Roe?⠀⇛ In a ruling on what is known as the “shadow docket” as opposed to the traditional “merits docket,” the Court ruled that the Texas “Heartbeat” Act (Senate Bill 8) was Constitutionally permitted.  The bill outlaws abortion once a fetal heartbeat is detectable, which typically occurs in the sixth week of pregnancy.  In 2013, North Dakota passed a fetal heartbeat law that was, in 2015, ruled unconstitutional by the Court under Roe v. Wade (1973).  Other heartbeat bills – e.g., Georgia, Mississippi and Ohio – are on hold. The Court’s ruling with regard SB8 effectively overturns the landmark Roe decision of a half- century ago.  It demonstrates just how powerful the conservative movement is at both the state and federal levels.  So, this raises a critical question: While the Supreme Court is at it, what other critical or landmark prior decisions could it overturn? # ⚓ Wanted⠀⇛ # ⚓ He_Beat_Her_Repeatedly._Family_Court_Tried_to_Give_Him Joint_Custody_of_Their_Children.⠀⇛ Jennifer Moston was about seven months pregnant when, she said, her husband grabbed her by the arms, picked her up and threw her against the staircase. Each time she tried to get up, he pushed her down again. Such abusive episodes continued for several years, she said, until 2016, when he allegedly tried to strangle her. She went to the police and filed for divorce. # ⚓ Federal_Court_Blocks_Enforcement_Of_Florida’s_New_Anti-Riot Law⠀⇛ Earlier this year, the Florida state legislature passed a law that turned protesting into a crime by expanding the definition of “riot” to make peaceful protesters culpable for the actions of those actually engaged in rioting. It refused bail to those arrested at protests and the term “aggravated rioting” was expanded enough to cover any gathering of more than nine people that blocked any road. # ⚓ DEA_Returns_$87,000_It_Helped_Nevada_Law_Enforcement_Steal From_An_Ex-Marine⠀⇛ Another bullshit forfeiture has attracted national press attention. This one has some added bonuses, like local cops stating on (body cam) that the easiest way to get their hands on the seized money would be to ask the feds to come in. # ⚓ Judge_Blocks_Biden_From_Continuing_‘Inhumane’_Trump_Policy to_Deport_Families⠀⇛ In a major win for asylum-seekers and human rights advocates, a federal judge on Thursday ordered President Joe Biden’s administration to end a Trump-era policy of using Covid-19 pandemic to justify the swift deportation of migrant families. “This court order reaffirms our pride in being a nation of refuge, as Congress intended.”—Cecillia Wang, ACLU # ⚓ The_LAPD_Is_Asking_City_Residents_To_Hand_Over_Social_Media Account_Info_To_Feed_To_Its_Unsupervised_Monitoring Software⠀⇛ Documents obtained via public records requests by the Brennan Center reveal the Los Angeles Police Department has made social media part of its everyday business. The LAPD is wholly embracing the 21st century. This doesn’t mean its public relations department is making the most of numerous platforms to address citizens’ concerns and engage in more transparency. # ⚓ ‘Cruel_and_Callous’:_Biden_Slammed_for_Resuming Deportations_to_Battered_Haiti⠀⇛ Infuriated human rights advocates on Thursday denounced the Biden administration for resuming deportation flights to Haiti—even as residents of the impoverished Caribbean nation continue to struggle in the aftermath of last month’s disastrous earthquake and tropical storm, which came amid the Covid-19 pandemic and in the wake of an ongoing political-economic crisis. “That ICE would continue to carry out the mass deportations of our Haitian neighbors—with Haiti in the midst of its worst political, public health, and economic crises yet—is cruel and callous.”—Rep. Ayanna Pressley # ⚓ Beaten_and_Maligned_by_Police,_a_Philadelphia_Mom_Seeks Justice_Over_a_Thin_Blue_Lie⠀⇛ The lawsuit, obtained by Rolling Stone and embedded below, seeks damages for invasion of privacy and intentional infliction of emotional distress. The case stems from a shocking incident of police violence last October, that itself followed the police killing of Walter Wallace Jr., a young Black man experiencing a mental health crisis whom cops shot after he allegedly lunged at them with a knife. That shooting set off mass protests, as well as incidents of vandalism and looting, late into the night of October 26th. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ AT&T_Hopes_You’ll_Ignore_It_Routinely_Finances_Terrible Politicians_Doing_Terrible_Things⠀⇛ After the idiotic and dangerous events of January 6, you might recall how corporations like AT&T and Comcast proclaimed they’d paused donations to any politicians behind the clumsy, violent attempt to, you know, dismantle functioning democracy. But, of course, this was mostly a show; the companies continued to donate money to those same politicians via their lobbying and policy umbrella orgs. Then, once the public was adequately distracted by the next big scandal du jour, quickly got back to work funding those same politicians again with zero meaningful penalty. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ No,_Tech_Monopolies_Don’t_Serve_National_Security⠀⇛ The argument they make is that gigantic tech companies are the only ones who can innovate and compete with China. But this completely misses the point on innovation. When companies have monopolies, they have no reason to innovate since they have captured the market. There is no need to compete to have the best product when you are the only product. Innovation depends on the best ideas from everyone being put forth to the public.    Now, we don’t know if these folks actually believe in the argument or if they think the rest of us will believe in the argument because they say it, but this letter is really only about delaying legislative antitrust action through raising not just fictional concerns, but completely bogus takes on how innovation happens on the internet. The irony about the national security argument is that it takes a page straight out of the AT&T monopoly playbook and history. Forty years ago, AT&T was the largest corporation in the world and was facing antitrust action both in Congress and the courts. In a Hail Mary effort to get the Department of Justice to abandon its lawsuit, AT&T lobbyists went to the Department of Defense and convinced them that a monopoly communications network was essential for national security. # ⚓ Book_Review:_Intellectual_Property_Law_in_China,_2nd Edition [Ed: No, there is no "Intellectual Property Law"; you are mixing together lots of different thing under an umbrella that is a misnomer]⠀⇛ The first edition of Intellectual Property Law in China (IPLCN) was the first of a bunch of goodies this Kat enthusiastically gathered from the incomparable IP library of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition (MPI). It was published in 2005 – a bit aged – but it still stands as the visible fruit of the MPI’s Asian Department, which was founded in 1975. From 2000 to 2005, the department published 12 volumes in the Asian studies series, demonstrating the institute’s policy and dedication to Asia. At that time, the Institute’s academic focus was allocated according to geographical expertise, for example, Nordic Department, Asian Department, and had not yet shifted towards the current project-based approach. The editor of the 2005 IPLCN was Dr Christopher Heath, then Head of the Department for Japan and East Asia. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ CD_Projekt_Red_Issues_Trademark_Strike_For_Board_Game With_A_Cyberpunk_Theme_On_Itch.io⠀⇛ Way back in 2017, years before CD Projekt Red released Cyberpunk 2077 in a poor enough state so as to kickoff lawsuits from investors and a shitstorm of criticism by the public, we discussed how CDPR had acquired the US trademark for “Cyberpunk” in its licensing arrangements and then applied for a mark on the same term in the EU. The problem, of course, is that “cyberpunk” isn’t just the name of a series of tabletop and video games, but also the name of a broad genre of fiction. These are trademarks that should never have been granted, as they are akin to getting a trademark on something like “True Crime”. Plenty of folks in American and the EU cried foul over this, leading to CDPR putting out a statement that, among other things, noted that the company is not a trademark bully and would not be aggressive in enforcing the mark for unrelated projects in the cyberpunk genre. Pay special attention to the tweet from CDPR below in the section headed “What does it mean that CD Projekt owns the trademark for “Cyberpunk”? # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Chimdi_Chukwukere⠀⇛ Based in: South Orange, United States # ⚓ “The_Card_Counter”_Webscreener_Adds_New_Twist_to Early_Movie_Leaks⠀⇛ The pirate movie screener season has started early this year. After two Netflix films leaked a few days ago, reportedly from festival screeners, a ‘webscreener’ copy of “The Card Counter” has just appeared online. All movies are linked to the pirate release group EVO, which appears to have multiple sources. # ⚓ UK_Police_Shut_Down_Pirate_IPTV_Network_With “Hundreds_of_Thousands”_of_Customers⠀⇛ West Midlands Police and the Federation Against Copyright Theft say they have dismantled a major illegal streaming operation in the UK. Two men and a woman have been arrested on suspicion of copyright infringement, fraud and conspiracy to commit fraud. Hundreds of thousands of customers are reportedly being greeted by a police message instead of their expected TV content. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5626 ➮ Generation completed at 02:40, i.e. 48 seconds to (re)generate ⟲