𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, October 30, 2021
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Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/


╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
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QmQQsCU87GH58r3ULuJPn4a3DUUCqjRgtvTnrTgEzE32uB
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⦿ The EPO’s Overseer/Overseen Collusion — Part XXVII: Cypriot Complicity | Techrights

⦿ Cyprus as Satellite Nation of ’Special Interests’ in the European Patent Office and Organisation | Techrights

⦿ [Meme] [Teaser] Germany (EPO) Assimilated to Turkish Culture/Dictatorship | Techrights

⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, October 29, 2021 | Techrights

⦿ FFII on Manipulation and Recycling of the Unified Patent Court (UPC)’s Impact Assessment | Techrights

⦿ [Meme] Not in Our Name... | Techrights

⦿ [Meme] Inventing ’Authentic Interpretation’ (Maybe They Should Also Patent It) | Techrights

 ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo-satellite/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/epo-assimilation/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/irc-log-291021/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/letter-by-benjamin-henrion/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/meme-european-companies-and-team-upc/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/responses-to-team-upc/#comments

 ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/end-of-project-trident/#comments
		http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/yocto-project-3-4/#comments

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 66

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo/

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Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXVII:_Cypriot_Complicity⠀✐


Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:04 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Series parts:


   1. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_I:_Let_the_Sunshine_In!
   2. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_II:_A_“Unanimous”
      Endorsement?
   3. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_III:_Three_Missing_Votes
   4. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_IV:_The_Founding_States
   5. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_V:_Germany_Says_“Ja”
   6. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_VI:_A_Distinct_Lack_of_Dutch
      Courage
   7. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_VII:_Luxembourgish_Laxity
   8. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_VIII:_Perfidious_Albion_and
      Pusillanimous_Hibernia
   9. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_IX:_More_Holes_Than_Swiss
      Cheese
  10. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_X:_Introducing_the
      Controversial_Christian_Bock
  11. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XI:_“General_Bock”_–
      Battistelli’s_Swiss_Apprentice?
  12. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XII:_The_French_Connection
  13. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XIII:_Battistelli’s_Iberian
      Facilitators_–_Spain
  14. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XIV:_Battistelli’s_Iberian
      Facilitators_–_Portugal
  15. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XV:_Et_Tu_Felix_Austria…
  16. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XVI:_The_Demise_of_the
      Austrian_Double-Dipper
  17. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XVII:_The_Non-Monolithic
      Nordic_Bloc
  18. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XVIII:_Helsinki’s_Accord
  19. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_IXX:_The_Baltic_States
  20. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XX:_The_Visegrád_Group
  21. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXI:_The_Balkan_League_–_The
      Doyen_and_His_“Protégée”
  22. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXII:_The_Balkan_League_–
      North_Macedonia_and_Albania
  23. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXIII:_The_Balkan_League_–
      Bulgaria
  24. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXIV:_The_Balkan_League_–
      Romania
  25. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXV:_The_Balkan_League_–
      Fresh_Blood_or_Same_Old,_Same_Old?
  26. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_XXVI:_A_Trojan_Horse_on_the
      Budget_and_Finance_Committee
  27. YOU ARE HERE ☞ Cypriot Complicity
                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Spyros_Kokkinos⦈_
  Head of the Cypriot delegation in June 2013: Spyros Kokkinos, Registrar of
                       Companies and Official Receiver.


Summary: Another small ‘outpost’ in the ‘Club Med’ [1, 2] of António_Campinos
et al is the island of Cyprus, which has been largely docile, even when it
comes to completely unlawful proposals


On the EPO‘s Administrative Council, the position taken by the Greek delegation
tends to be followed by Cyprus, an island state which has exceptionally close
cultural and political connections to its mainland neighbour.


Back in June 2013, the head of the Cypriot delegation was Spyros Kokkinos, who
was in charge of the Department of the Registrar of Companies, a public
authority under the supervision of the Cypriot Ministry of Commerce, Industry &
Tourism.


“Kokkinos was appointed as Assistant Registrar of Companies and Official
Receiver in September 1986.”Kokkinos was born in Nicosia on 11 December 1955.
He holds a law degree in private law from the Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki and he attended a postgraduate course (LL.M.) at King’s College
London.


Kokkinos was appointed as Assistant Registrar of Companies and Official
Receiver in September 1986.


Over a decade later, on 1 April 1998, Cyprus acceded to the European Patent
Convention.


“Over a decade later, on 1 April 1998, Cyprus acceded to the European Patent
Convention.”At that time Kokkinos held the position of deputy head of
delegation on the EPO’s Administrative Council. In July 2005 following his
Appointment as Registrar of Companies and Official Receiver, he took over as
head of delegation, a position that he held until the end of 2020.


The official EPO minutes indicate that Kokkinos didn’t turn up in person for
the 136th meeting of the Council in June 2013.


On that particular occasion, the Cypriot representatives were his deputies,
Christos Nicolaou and Soteroula Tsokou, who blindly followed the lead given by
Benoît_Battistelli‘s "Trojan_horse"_Serafeim_Stasinos, and proceeded to vote in
favour of the proposed “Strike Regulations”.


              🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Spyros_Kokkinos_in_his_office⦈_
 Following his appointment as Registrar of Companies and Official Receiver in
     2005, Spyros Kokkinos was head of the Cypriot delegation on the EPO’S
        Administrative Council until his retirement at the end of 2020.


More recently, in January 2021, it was reported that Kokkinos had retired as
Registrar of Companies.


“The official EPO minutes indicate that Kokkinos didn’t turn up in person for
the 136th meeting of the Council in June 2013.”The Cypriot delegation on the
EPO’s Administrative Council is now headed by his former deputy, Stalo
Papaioannou. More here [PDF] (same_but_bigger_version [PDF]).


Papaioannou was born in Nicosia in 1961. She is a graduate of the Law school of
Leicester University and the holder of an LL.B Law degree. She is also a
barrister-at-law of Gray’s_Inn and a registered advocate. She has been working
for the Cypriot Registrar of Companies since 1990 in various posts, including
head of the “Intellectual and Industrial Property” department.


                    🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Stalo_Papaioannou⦈_
The Cypriot delegate Spyros Kokkinis (l.) retired as Registrar of Companies on
 1 January 2021 and has been replaced by Stalo Papaioannou (r.) who now heads
          the Cypriot delegation on the EPO’s Administrative Council.


As in the case of Greece, there are no reasons for expecting that the Cypriot
delegation is going to make any positive contribution to sorting out the
current governance crisis at the EPO.


In the next part we will turn our attention to the delegation representing
Turkey, which generally tends align its position on the EPO’s Administrative
Council with its neighbours, Greece and Cyprus. █


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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠁⠃⠋⠈⠀⠀⡠⣾⣀⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣽⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠦⣤⠤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣍⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣄⢿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣡⣶⣦⣄⣠⣿⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠼⡻⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠉⠁⣴⣶⠀⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠰⢿⢼⠿⠜⠿⠸⠤⠄⠀⠘⠛⠃⠀⠞⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣠⡆⢀⣤⠀⣴⡆⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠓⠠⠀⠠⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠈⢠⣿⠁⣾⡏⢠⣿⠀⡸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣦⡀⠀⣄⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠠⢻⠋⠀⠈⠃⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿
⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠽⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣁⣉⣈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠓⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣉⠟⠟⢻⣿⠇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠚⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠃⠀⠀⠸⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢀⡀⣤⠤⡀⠀⠀⠉⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣳⠙⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⡿⠿⢛⡛⠭
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⡍⡁⠀⠀⣀⠐⡿⠿⣿⣶⣖⣀⠠⠒⠉⠿⢶⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣽⣟⣛⣛⠶⠤⠶⠆⠀⣾⣿⠋⠥⣐⣨⣥⣶⣾
⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠆⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣦⡀⠘⠒⠄⡉⠑⢀⡤⢿⠗⣉⡭⠴⠶⠈⠀⢀⣁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣤⣬⣭⣽⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣯⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⠿⣟⣛⣿⣿⠯⠓⠁⠀⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣤⣮⣤⣤⣼⣭⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣦⣄⠦⠚⢃⣀⣐⣒⣢⣥⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣍⡉⠉⠁⠈⠙⠢⣝⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⡿⠟⠛⠉⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⢀⡋⠉⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠰⠀⠚⠛⠭⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⣁⣀⣀⣉⣳⣯⣝⠻⠿⣿⣿
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣷⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣧⠹⣿⣿⠿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⢟⣛⠿⡿⠋⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢯⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣧⠀⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⣎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢻⡿⣿⣯⠤⠞⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡖⣶⠚⢒⠒⠒⢳⠛⡳⣓⢖⠓⣛⠓⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣧⣿⣿⣅⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⡠⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⢿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣀⣀⣤⢩⣱⣂⡀⠀⣠⢄⣼⣷⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 285

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo-satellite/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/cyprus-epo-satellite/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ Cyprus_as_Satellite_Nation_of_‘Special_Interests’_in_the_European_Patent
Office_and_Organisation⠀✐


Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:34 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


Video_download_link | md5sum 9b33dba818e6277eb324f98321eecb54


http://techrights.org/videos/epo-cyprus.webm


Summary: Cyprus is ‘just an island’ in the Mediterranean Sea, but its vote
counts as much as that of France, Germany, the UK (England, Wales, Scotland,
and Northern Ireland combined) and so on because of the way the European Patent
Organisation operates; today we remind readers that severe governance flaws in
the EPO cannot be resolved without an over-encompassing overhaul, which unlike
the UPC does not put courts in the hands of a corrupt cabal with “captured
states” but instead takes those states out of the cabal’s grip


PART 27 in the current EPO series has_just_been_published, highlighting Cypriot
complicity (or role) in approving unlawful Strike Regulations.


In the video above the main point that I was hoping to make or the principal
observation is, due to its size and relative irrelevance to the EPO the island
of Cyprus is very unlikely to rattle the regime; and to make matters worse,
Cypriot votes count as much as Germany’s but are easier to ‘buy’ (secure), e.g.
with “cooperation” money. In 2018 Cyprus was estimated to have 1,189,265
citizens compared to over 80 million in Germany.


“In 2018 Cyprus was estimated to have 1,189,265 citizens compared to over 80
million in Germany.”Upon checking the first minute (for technical sanity) I
noticed that a couple of times near the start of the video I erroneously said
“Greece” instead of “Cyprus” (Freudian slip), but we don’t re-record or edit
these sorts of videos. I was never in Greece. I was in Cyprus, however, and
also in Turkey, which will be the subject of the next part (to be published
tomorrow).


The governance crisis at the EPO shows that the founders wrongly envisioned
small countries as well-intentioned, acting in good faith. In the Baltic and
Balkan states we see some of the more overt instances of 'voting_fodder'
controlled_by_proxy or soft_bribes. █



                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 348

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/epo-assimilation/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/epo-assimilation/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ [Meme]_[Teaser]_Germany_(EPO)_Assimilated_to_Turkish_Culture/Dictatorship⠀✐


Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Law, Patents at 8:15 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sultan_Habip_Asan:_Strike_Regulations?_Not_even_'Recep'_went
                                  that_far⦈_
When politicians just don’t give a damn as dictators attack judges and bloggers
   are_threatened_by_corrupt_corporate_raiders we’ve become no better than a
                                   monarchy


      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Look,_a_patent!_UPC_fees;_Autocracy_normalised⦈_
Had Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan asserted that the EPO (if not complicit elements in EU
 authorities) are as abusive as him, he’d possibly have a legitimate point at
                                  this stage


Summary: The EPO‘s Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos have long been
compared to Sultans; tomorrow we’ll see the role of Turkey in the unlawful
“Strike Regulations”


⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⣤⣤⢠⣤⢠⡤⢠⣤⣤⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⡄⣠⣤⣤⠀⣤⡄⣤⡍⣭⡝⡗⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⣤⡀⣤⡄⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣠⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣧⣛⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠃⢸⣿⣤⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣧⠀⣿⣇⣛⡃⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠁⣿⢿⣧⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⡇⢿⣧⣛⠀⣛⣃⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡟⣿⡆⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣉⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣏⡀⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣇⣰⣿⣾⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⡟⣿⡆⣿⡟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠀⠘⠛⠀⠙⠋⠙⠃⠙⠋⠘⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠛⠀⠈⠛⠉⠛⠈⠛⠛⠃⠙⠛⣙⣧⣍⣛⣋⣤⣛⣛⣛⣛⣌⣛⣃⣛⡃⠀⠛⠃⠉⠛⠋⠀⠛⠁⠛⠃⠙⠛⠋⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠹⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⡀⢻⣿⣏⣿⡿⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⠁⠀⠀⢈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠱⢎⠻⣤⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣿⣿⣷⣦⣾⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⢉⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣫⡭⠤⠬⣈⣿⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣹⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⣝⣽⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⢦⡀⢀⢧⣄⠘⠿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⣠⣿⣷⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠘⠿⠟⢛⢟⣽⠛⠿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣷⡿⣧⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡒⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠍⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣾⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⣤⣤⣄⣘⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠟⠋⠀⠒⠒⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣁⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠁⢢⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢽⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⣉⣰⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢱⠼⡿⠉⠃⠀
⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣯⢹⣿⢩⣴⣶⣄⣶⣶⣶⡎⡏⣷⣶⡆⣶⡎⣵⡦⣶⣶⡆⣴⣎⢱⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠘⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⡀⠤⣤⢤⠀⣤⣠⠀⠀⠀⢁⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⢰⡇⣿⣧⡄⢿⣧⣿⡇⣿⣧⡄⣿⣿⣼⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣿⣿⠏⠉⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣽⡿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠇⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣋⠁⢸⡏⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣾⡇⣿⣇⣀⢸⣿⣿⠇⣿⣇⡀⣿⡟⣿⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢤⡾⠷⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣷⣿⣿⠽⠿⠿⠉⠠⢴⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠟⠋⢥⠤⠿⠿⠇⠈⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠥⠤⠉⠡⢿⣧⡍⣩⠭⠌⠉⠉⠀⢉⡉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⢿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⢰⡆⣶⡶⣶⠀⣶⡶⠎⣴⡶⣶⡄⣶⡶⠆⣶⡶⣶⡴⡶⣶⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⡶⠆⣶⣆⣶⡆⢶⣶⠶⠀⠰⢶⣶⠶⣶⡆⣶⡆⢰⣶⣶⠰⢶⣶⠶⢈⠁⣶⡶⠆⣶⣶⡆⢰⣶⢶⣦⠀⠐⠋⠛⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⡌⠁⣿⣷⣟⠀⣿⣷⡆⣿⡇⠛⠃⣿⣷⡆⣿⣧⣿⠇⠁⢨⠀⠈⣿⣼⣿⣧⣿⠇⣿⣷⡆⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣷⣿⡇⢸⡟⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣷⢤⣿⢹⣧⢸⣿⢾⣟⢠⣷⠢⠰⣂
⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⢁⠀⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣧⡄⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⣧⡄⣿⡇⢰⣆⠀⠈⠀⠀⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⠀⣿⣧⡄⣿⡟⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢠⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣇⢸⣿⠀⡟⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠈⠇⠀⠀⠈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣦⣭⣤⣍⣤⣭⣭⣵⠀⢉⣥⣦⣭⣭⣵⣮⣵⣿⢿⡆⠀⠀⠰⣬⣭⣄⡉⡉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠩⠵⠄⠉⣠⣿⠃⠌⣩⢆⣬⣥⣌⠁⠉⠁⠈⣹⣨⣭⡄⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⢩⣤⣭⠈⣩⣬⡅⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠞⠄⠀⢾⣷⡌⢿⡉⠛⣟⠀⠀⣴⠃⠀⣠⠄⢐⢠⣼⡟⢁⠈⠈⠁⠿⢫⡜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡃⠀⣯⢟⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣻⣿⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣧⢿⣏⠉⠀⠀⣾⣾⠈⠇⠘⡄⢇⠀⠐⠀⢐⡿⠀⠐⢩⠎⣉⡼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠃⠠⠏⡛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢺⠎⡿⠀⣿⣿⡿⠿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⡞⣿⡤⣿⡇⠟⡀⠀⢸⠀⢱⡼⠀⠀⠀⡾⠑⠠⡨⢖⣯⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⠀⠀⠸⠂⠱⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢿⠍⢏⠀⠉⠉⠁⢀⡤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⡧⣿⣇⣿⢱⠀⣿⠀⠈⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠠⣇⢰⣫⣾⣿⣟⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⢁⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡾⡟⢿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠜⠀⠉⠛⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⠃⡟⣿⡿⢸⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣠⣾⣿⡿⢟⣋⡄⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⢊⣤⣾⣮⢂⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡗⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠸⡟⠄⢃⡉⡇⡄⣤⣼⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣴⠟⢋⣭⣶⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠰⡆⢣⠸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣯⠄⢀⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢀⠚⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠃⠤⢰⡁⣇⠈⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⢋⣼⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⠁⠘⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⡿⠀⠘⠀⡤⡞⠀⠈⠒⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣄⣠⡀⠈⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⡿⢫⣿⣿⡟⣷⣶⣯⢹⣧⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣧⡼⣿⣿⢇⡿⣿⢿⣸⢿⣻⢷⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠿⣛⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡈⢹⣯⢹⣿⣥⢻⣿⣿⡇⢸⣷⠸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢩⢸⣿⢿⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣤⢸⡟⣿⡇⢸⣿⣀⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣷⣟⣧⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣭⣮⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⢀⣴⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣶⣤⠀⢀⣈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠹⣿⣿⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⣇⣿⣿⣿⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠠⣤⣀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡶⣶⢤⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣧⠀⢻⡟⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢇⠀⢳⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⢀⣤⣤⣽⣿⣏⣡⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡉⠙⢓⣶⣦⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣛⣻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣳⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣽⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟
⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⣿⡟⢁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⣄⢸⣿⡿⠿⠛⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣟⣸⣷⠈⠛⠿⡇⠀⣉⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢻⢿⠁⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⣿⡟⡛⠇⢿⣆⠉⣠⣾⡇⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⠆⢋⣿⣍⣉⣩⠉⠀⠴⠈⠀⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣿⣷⡄⣴⣄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣷⠘⠋⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡿⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠘⠉⠟⠛⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠁⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⡗⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡻⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡆⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠼⣾⣿⣛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⡈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣯⣿⡁⣬⣳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢡⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣟⠁⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⡮⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⡏⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⡇⠀⣿⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢷⡆⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢧⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢁⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠙⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡼⢃⠉⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⡿⠟⠋⣉⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣉⠛⠿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢁⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡉⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣇⣿⢰⣶⣾⣍⣽⢿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠿⢻⣿⣘⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢹⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣟⡼⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠘⣿⣽⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡏⣭⣭⢻⣿⡿⣻⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢠⣿⣿⣟⠋⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⢴⣒⣭⣭⣥⣤⣥⣄
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣷⡆⣿⣧⢸⣿⡅⣿⣜⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣼⣿⣤⣾⣧⡴⣶⣹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡃⠀
⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⣋⣡⣴⣾⠀⢀⣤⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠃⣰⣿⠿⠋⣁⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠛⣿⠿⠟⢿⣿⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⠀⠐⢋⣡⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠘⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⠥⠽⣼⣿⣿⣟⣗⢶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠙
⣟⣭⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣱⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⡘⣿⣯⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣽⣾⡿⠿⣿⣿⣍⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⣄⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣯⣿⡿⣿⣿⡏⠙⣁⣹⣿⠛⠛⠙⣿⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢻⣧⠀⠻⠏⠡⣤⣴⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣧⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣩⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠢⠼⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣠⣿⣯⣐⢒⣁⠈⣿⣿⠀⠀⠛⣽⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣍⣉⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠐⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢠⢢⣹⡛⣷⣶⣷⣠⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡟⢛⣿⣿⠀⠙⠉⠀⠀⢠⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣿⣽⣾⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣍⣻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣧⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠫⢽⣿⡟⢦⡀⠉⢻⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣽⣿⣿⣿⠳⢻⣯⠤⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉⠉⠛⠏⣿⣿⣖⢐⣰⣶⣶⠦⢸⣮⡇⠘⠁⠀⠈⢹⣿⠀⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣽⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣾⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢙⣚⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⠀⠀⠀⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⢸⢡⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠷⠄⠀⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡏⠘⠻⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⠉⢿⡏⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠇⠈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡉⠀⢛⣣⣤⣾⣿⣦⣀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠂⠀⠀⢦⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠫⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠻⠦⣬⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡟⣛⣩⣭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⢤⣤⡄⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠹⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠁⠉⠉⠀⠘⠿⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡇⢰⣾⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠆⠉⠛⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠁⠘⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠒⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠦⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣶⣤⣄⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⡇⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠓⠢⠤⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣥⣄⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⠶⠶⠶⠒⠲⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣴⣶⠾⠟⠛⣋⣠⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣴⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠙⠛⠛⠁⣀⣾⡏⢀⣤⣾⣿⣏⣩⣭⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠶⠶⠦⣀⠈⠙⠛⠉⢀⣴⣶⣶⠾⠿⠛⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠻⠿⠉⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠶⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣷⣄⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢏⣧⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣽⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠁⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣾⠿⠛⠛⣦⡀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠉⠉⢹⡏⠉⡟⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⡿⠋⡉⠛⣶⠛⢉⠙⢻⡏⠉⠙⠳⣾⠉⠉⢹⡾⠋⡉⠙⣯⠉⣿⠉⣽⠀⠟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣴⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⡆⠘⡇⠀⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⣀⣸⡇⠀⠃⣠⡟⠀⡆⠸⡇⠀⣿⣀⣸⡄⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⢠⡇⠀⠃⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⣸⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⠉⢹⡇⠀⡇⠈⡇⠀⠃⠀⡇⠀⡿⠉⣹⣷⠀⣾⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⣸⣿⣿⢏⠇⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠘⠧⠤⠧⠤⠽⢦⣤⡴⠟⠧⠤⠟⠻⢤⣤⡴⠛⠦⣤⡤⠾⠧⡤⠧⣤⣧⡤⠧⣤⠷⣤⣤⡴⠟⢿⣤⡿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡀⠀⢠⡖⠓⡖⠓⣶⠞⠛⠳⣶⠚⠛⠒⢶⡞⠛⢲⠚⠛⣶⡞⠛⠓⣶⠛⢳⣶⠛⢳⠞⠛⠛⢶⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣦⠙⣿⣋⠠⣤⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠘⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣆⢸⡇⠀⠁⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⠀⠸⠀⣸⡇⢀⠸⠀⠀⣿⠁⢠⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⡀⠘⠤⣼⡇⠀⠿⡇⠀⣷⠀⢸⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣾⡇⢠⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⠀⢰⠀⢹⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⣿⠀⠘⠀⢹⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⠛⢢⠀⢸⡇⠀⣶⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⡇⢹⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡈⣿⣿⣧⣼⣧⣤⠿⣤⣀⣤⢿⣤⣼⣤⣼⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣯⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣦⣈⣠⣼⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⡾⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣯⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⢀⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡦⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣯⡍⠉⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣴⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⢀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢠⣤⣤⣌⠙⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡧⢸⡿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⣀⣀⣀⣹⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⣼⣿⣝⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠹⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⣠⡤⣤⣄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⠛⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣼⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣛⣋⡉⠙⠛⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⢰⠿⠛⠉⠁⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡟⡡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 519

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_October_29,_2021⠀✐


Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:23 am by Needs Sunlight


Also available via the Gemini protocol at:


    * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights-
      291021.txt
    * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-291021.txt
    * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-291021.txt
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      291021.txt
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                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_


                                         #techrights_log_as_HTML5                                                                                  #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_


                                    #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5                                                                               #techbytes_log_as_HTML5


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_


                                          #techrights_log_as_text                                                                                   #boycottnovell_log_as_text


                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t                                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_


                                     #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text                                                                                #techbytes_log_as_text


                          Enter_the_IRC_channels_now



                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 578

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

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✐ FFII_on_Manipulation_and_Recycling_of_the_Unified_Patent_Court_(UPC)’s_Impact
Assessment⠀✐


Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 4:02 pm by Guest Editorial Team


Original_by_Benjamin_Henrion


                   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Frohlinger_in_Korea⦈_
Margot Frohlinger, in “Korea Herald: Europe’s unitary patent system will bring
     benefits to Korean firms”, 7 April 2017, http://www.koreaherald.com/
                          view.php?ud=20170407000524


⚓  Open Letter to the European Institutions, and Heads of State⠀⇛


                                                     Brussels, 30 October 2021.


Dear Commissioner Von Der Leyen,


Dear Commissioner Breton,


Dear Members of the European Parliament,


Dear Members of the Council,


Dear European Ombudsman,


FFII.org is a pan-European alliance of software companies and independent
software developers, defending the rights to a free and competitive software
creation since 1999. Over the years, more than 3,000 software companies accross
Europe have supported our calls against software patenting [ref1][ref2].


We hereby call for an urgent investigation on the accusations regarding Mdme
Frohlinger (European Commission official in charge of the file under Mr Barnier
till 2012) and her near-successful attempt to recycle the impact assessment of
the UPC.


We call for an urgent freeze of the untransparent and undemocratic law making
work being done behind closed doors by the Preparatory Committee of the UPC as
long as this verification has not been made.


Our first concern with the Unitary Patent Package is that the European Court of
Justice (CJEU) won’t have a say on patent law, and on software patents in
particular. In the context of Brexit difficulties, we are calling on reopening
the negotiations on that precise point (ex art6-8), where the UK put their veto
in 2012. It’s unthinkable to design a “European” system where the CJEU does not
have the last word over patent law.


Our second concern is that the proposed UPC court fees of 20.000EUR are way too
high for defending small companies, which are the majority in our sector. Those
‘SME-killer’ court fees are on average 100X more expensive than the national
court systems, and will exclude small companies from defending themselves
[ref3]. The goal to make the patent system cheaper has not been reached, quite
the opposite. If SMEs don’t have access to ‘Justice’, this project is an
economic suicide.


During the ratification of the Unitary Patent package by Germany, we noticed
one strange thing when the German Ministry of Justice Christine Lambrecht (SPD)
replied to a series of written questions by the Liberal Party FDP [ref4][ref5],
about the lack of a proper Impact Assessment of the Unified Patent
Court, justifying the Patent Package of 2011 with an old Impact Assessment made
in 2009:


     “Finally, it should be pointed out that the EU Commission carried out
     cost-benefit analysis of the European patent reform, which were
     incorporated into the deliberations on the reform ([…] Prof. Dietmar
     Harhoff, Ph.D., Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Unified and
     Integrated European Patent Litigation System, 2009. [ref6]”


     [ref4] FDP: Ratifikation des Übereinkommens über ein Einheitliches
     Patentgericht, Ratifikation des Übereinkommens über ein Einheitliches
     Patentgericht https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/236/1923651.pdf


In April 2021, we received a testimony from a whistleblower that this recycling
of the UPC’s Impact Assessment was in fact intentional, he told to us
that “Mdme Margot Fröhlingher did not want to redo the Impact Assessment of
2009 because otherwise it would have attracted critics”. Mdme Fröhlinger was in
charge of the file at the European Commission till April 2012 before finishing
her career at the European Patent Office (EPO).


In March 2021, a similar situation attracted our attention where the EU
Ombudsman recognized  maladministation by the European Commission, in recycling
an old Impact Assessment on the negotiations of the Mercosur trade agreement
[ref7], although the “Better Regulation” rules were changed in 2014, and are
specific to trade agreements (Sustainable Impact Assessments (SIAs) ).


In May 2011, the Commission approved a proposal in the form of a negotiating
“non-paper” [ref8], which is a 180deg U-turn compared to their proposal of
2009:


     “the Commission adopted the non-paper contained in Annex II on
     solutions for a unified patent litigation system and the way
     forward.”


     [ref8] Solutions For A Unified Patent Litigation System – The Way
     Forward After The Opinion 1/09 Of The CJEU non-paper of the
     Commission Services https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-
     10630-2011-INIT/en/pdf


The Patent Package of 2011 consists of 2 regulations and 1 international
agreement. In the 2 impact assessments attached to the 2 regulations of 2011,
you still cannot find an updated impact assessment of the Court system [ref9]:


      “Finally, this IA does not address the unified patent litigation
     system that follows a parallel work stream and will be subject to
     different legal instrument.”


     [ref9] Commission Working Paper Summary Of The Impact Assessment,
     {COM(2011) 215 final} {COM(2011) 216 final} {SEC(2011) 482 final},
     Brussels, 13.4.2011 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
     LexUriServ.do?uri=SEC:2011:0483:FIN:EN:PDF


The Impact Assessment study of 2009 was about the old Community Patent project,
and not about the Unitary Patent Package of 2011, which differ significatively
on many important aspects, and none of the proposed changes were assessed in an
updated Impact Assessment:


 1. The project of 2009 was the Community Patent (or European Union Patent,
Article 118 TFEU), not the Unitary Patent (which is in fact the classical EPO’s
“European Patent” but with a Unitary effect);


2. The enhanced cooperation was used in December 2010 to bypass the blockage of
Spain and Italy over the language issue, meaning the new Unitary Patent would
not be covering all the Member States, but only in the participating ones,
which creates some effects of market distorsion;


3. The EU should have joined the European Patent Convention (EPC) and
the Unified Patent Litigation System (UPLS) with the 2009 project [ref20],
while in the Unitary Patent Package of 2011 this was avoided, some associations
of patent owners like IPO have argued it would have taken too much time to
modify the EPC to accomodate the European Union as a member [ref10]; which has
for the consequence that patent law is not part of EU law (“acquis
communautaire”), and that the European Court of Justice (CJEU) does not have
direct access to substantive patent law, including on software patents and its
exclusion in the Art52.2 EPC; Patent law will evolve disconnected from other
laws, and will evolve in its own bubble and can drift to ‘patent maximalism’,
which is dangerous for society;


4. Another difference is that the participation of the European Union and its
institutions is avoided. The European Parliament won’t be able to oversee the
system and act as a counterpower. The European Parliament is the only
democratic institution where citizens and companies could make their complaints
heard in case of problems, like increasing patent trolls problems, and over the
disfunctions of the European Patent Office (EPO) or the Unified Patent Court
(UPC);


5. The financing of the 2009 Court system would have been done (at least
partially) with EU funds, while the 2011 project is financed by contributing
Member States and companies that litigate in front of the Court; the project of
2009 did not had a self-financed objective, which is a controversial topic as
Courts should not have financial targets and it could endanger the integrity of
Justice and promote patent maximalism decisions; due to that change in
financing, the 2011 UPCA later was designed to have a self-financing goal; this
can explain why the proposed court fees of 20.000EUR are unaffordable for SMEs,
a reason why the business associations of Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, and
Hungary members of Business Europe could not endorse the recent call for
ratifying the UPCA [ref16]. On the point of financing, in April 2012,
some British members of the Scrutiny Committee of the British Parliament had
already questioned the validity of the outdated impact assessment in their
report [ref17]:


     “Validity of the EU impact assessment – Vicki Salmon of CIPA
     expressed concerns about the EU’s impact assessment being “out of
     date” because: [U]p until the bringing in of the enhanced
     cooperation, the EU was going to be heavily involved in the Court and
     was therefore going to provide a lot of funding from central
     resources for the divisions of the Court and for the training of the
     judges. With the change of that, following the enhanced cooperation,
     the EU funding was then not going to be available anymore. […] “We
     share the concerns expressed by the professions that the UPC will be
     prohibitively expensive, and also take the view that the EU impact
     assessment needs to be urgently revisited.”


     [ref17] House of Commons: The Unified Patent Court: help of
     hindrance? (2012) https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/
     cmselect/cmeuleg/1799/1799.pdf


About Impact Assessments in general, we can understand that some DGs are
relunctant to produce such assessments of their own policies [ref18]:


      “Internal resistance within a number of Commission Directorates-
     General to producing such time- and resource-consuming documents has
     meant that implementation of the system has been variable, at best.”


     [ref18] European Policy Center: Assessing the assessors: Improving
     the quality of European Commission proposals https://www.epc.eu/en/
     Publications/Assessing-the-assessors-Improving-the-quality-of-
     European-Commission~1ba620


It’s our interpretation that this Impact Assessment is invalid and should be
remade, and the whole Patent Package should be renegotiated in the light of
Brexit.


National impact assessments carried out by some member states (Poland, Czech
Republic) came back negative about the impact of such project for their economy
(-19B EUR over 30 years according to the Polish study commissioned to Deloitte
[ref19]). Individual numbers for each country of Europe do not exist, as there
is no serious impact assessment of this important reform.


Let us hope “Better Law Making” are not just empty words. █


§ References⠀➾


[ref1] https://www.ffii.org


[ref2] https://www.stopsoftwarepatents.eu and signatories per country https://
stopsoftwarepatents.eu/Stop%20Software%20Patents%20Petition%20stats.htm


[ref3] European Commission cheated Unitary Patent’s Impact Assessment to hide
its high costs for SMEs https://ffii.org/european-commission-cheated-unified-
patent-courts-impact-assessment-to-hide-the-high-costs-for-smes/


[ref4] FDP: Ratifikation des Übereinkommens über ein Einheitliches
Patentgericht, Ratifikation des Übereinkommens über ein Einheitliches
Patentgericht https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/236/1923651.pdf


[ref5] BristowsUPC: German government responds to FDP’s questions on UPC https:
//www.bristowsupc.com/latest-news/german-government-responds-to-fdp-s-
questions-on-upc/


[ref6] Prof. Dietmar Harhoff, Ph.D., Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis of a
Unified and Integrated European Patent Litigation System, 2009 https://
www.researchgate.net/publication/267839173_Economic_Cost-
Benefit_Analysis_of_a_Unified_and_Integrated_European_Patent_Litigation_System


[ref7] European Ombudsman: Decision in case 1026/2020/MAS concerning the
failure by the European Commission to finalise an updated ‘sustainability
impact assessment’ before concluding the EU-Mercosur trade negotiations https:/
/www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/decision/en/139418


[ref8] Solutions For A Unified Patent Litigation System – The Way Forward After
The Opinion 1/09 Of The CJEU non-paper of the Commission Services https://
data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10630-2011-INIT/en/pdf


[ref9] Commission Working Paper Summary Of The Impact Assessment, {COM(2011)
215 final} {COM(2011) 216 final} {SEC(2011) 482 final}, Brussels,
13.4.2011 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=SEC:2011:0483:
FIN:EN:PDF


[ref10] Intellectual Property Owners Association: “No amendments to the
European Patent Convention (EPC) needed or desired”, October 7, 2010 https://
ipo.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/EPCLetteronEUPatent.pdf


[ref16] BusinessEurope: European Business Community calls for the rapid
ratification and entry into operation of the Unitary Patent system – This paper
and the positions reflected in it are not supported by the Spanish
Confederation of Employers and Industries (CEOE), Confederação Empresarial de
Portugal (CIP), the Confederation of Industry of the Czech Republic (SPCR) and
BusinessHungary (MGYOSZ) https://www.businesseurope.eu/sites/buseur/files/
media/position_papers/legal/2021-10-
12_joint_business_statement_unitary_patent_unified_patent_court.pdf


[ref17] House of Commons: The Unified Patent Court: help of hindrance?
(2012) https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmeuleg/1799/
1799.pdf


[ref18] European Policy Center: Assessing the assessors: Improving the quality
of European Commission proposals https://www.epc.eu/en/Publications/Assessing-
the-assessors-Improving-the-quality-of-European-Commission~1ba620


[ref19] D Xenos, “The European Unified Patent Court: Assessment and
Implications of the Federalisation of the Patent System in Europe”, (2013) 10:
2 SCRIPTed 246 http://script-ed.org/?p=1071 or https://script-ed.org/article/
european-unified-patent-court-assessment-implications-federalisation-patent-
system-europe/


[ref20] Belgian delegation to Working Party on Intellectual Property (Patents),
Institutional aspects of the EC’s accession to the European Patent Convention,
9 November 2001 https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-13742-2001-
INIT/en/pdf


[ref21] KluwerPatentBlog: Member States will sign Declaration to clear way for
preparatory phase Unified Patent Court http://patentblog.kluweriplaw.com/2021/
10/28/member-states-will-sign-declaration-to-clear-way-for-preparatory-phase-
unified-patent-court/


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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡺⣗⣏⣇⣧⣗⣯⣟⣳⣾⣲⢢⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠥⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢰⣿⠿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣃⡶⢯⣽⠛⣤⡟⢣⣿⡖⠈⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠫⠉⡤⠐⣸⣏⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠿⣏⣹⡎⢹⣍⣽⣳⣯⣹⢾⣩⡿⢯⣉⠾⢆⣆⡷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡌⠱⣰⣃⡏⠷⣼⣍⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣮⣻⠜⣻⡤⠿⣏⣿⣼⡿⣦⣟⢣⡟⢻⣶⡟⢣⣼⠃⡛⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⡘⢣⣇⠤⠼⢲⡿⢬⣾⣲⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿
⠀⠀⢠⣗⢷⡽⢿⣭⢷⡞⣿⣉⣿⣵⣿⣯⣟⢽⠿⣭⣿⠿⣉⠿⢶⢇⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⡌⢱⣎⡹⡖⠟⣛⠓⡾⣱⠺⠾⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠃
⠀⠀⣿⣿⣎⢱⣾⣙⣶⡏⢉⣏⣩⣧⣤⡿⣵⣿⢷⣎⠹⣶⡟⢳⣮⢹⡍⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡸⢣⡟⢿⠓⡏⡋⢹⢧⡏⣽⣿⡷⣗⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠉⠀⠀
⠀⢰⣏⡿⣬⠛⣤⡟⢣⣼⠿⢏⣡⣼⣬⣹⣾⡣⣿⢧⣟⣤⡿⢷⣀⠿⢜⠿⠀⠀⣰⣿⣹⢇⡿⣎⣙⡛⡋⣻⢇⣼⣿⣿⣛⡷⢽⣧⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣯⣼⢱⣏⣳⢯⣙⣾⣍⣳⣾⡛⢪⣾⡟⢧⣽⢯⣺⣟⣿⢳⣴⠛⣤⡝⢳⣦⣰⣿⣻⡛⡜⣧⣤⣝⢉⡋⣟⣾⣿⣿⣟⣽⣏⣟⣺⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣏⢧⡟⣾⡉⢶⣏⠳⣾⣟⣧⣼⠿⣍⡶⢎⠙⣾⡟⢾⣟⢿⣈⠿⢇⣸⢿⣀⡛⠀⣾⠲⡹⣏⣾⣅⣹⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣁⣴⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣾⠾⣸⠧⣽⣛⡿⢧⣼⣍⣹⡿⢦⣿⣙⡿⢝⣆⣸⠿⣈⡿⢟⢦⡜⠛⣼⡜⢻⣰⡯⠀⢣⡿⠧⣨⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⢫⠣⡍⢲⢍⣿⠓⢾⣯⣭⡟⠓⣿⢧⣼⡟⢲⣿⣿⣤⠛⣳⡞⢋⣱⣶⣉⣞⠿⡙⠁⠀⠸⢷⣤⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⢟⡥⠓⣏⡿⢼⣏⢸⠿⢤⣯⣉⣻⠷⢶⣿⣉⣿⠦⣵⣍⠿⣁⡼⣿⢻⣤⡟⢫⢣⡛⠄⠀⠀⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢳⣆⣖⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⡧⣃⡭⠣⡛⡿⢄⣟⠓⣶⣅⣸⡟⠳⣿⢄⣼⡛⢶⣯⣱⣎⢹⣤⠻⣟⣉⣷⣏⡻⡹⢧⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣭⢝⣯⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 954

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/meme-european-companies-and-team-upc/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/meme-european-companies-and-team-upc/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ [Meme]_Not_in_Our_Name…⠀✐


Posted in Courtroom, Deception, Europe, Patents at 4:20 pm by Dr. Roy
Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇European_companies_and_Team_UPC⦈_


Summary: The UPC fanatics who waged a coup against the EPO (installing
politicians like Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos instead of scientists
and law/legal experts) are tying to further expand the scope of patents —
beyond what is allowable by the EPC — by waging a similar coup against patent
courts across the EU; what_they_claim_about_"SMEs" is the exact opposite of
what is true, but the financial damage caused is the money they put in their
own pockets


⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿
⠟⠻⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢄⠀⠀⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠵⠂⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⣠⣶⡀⠈⠀⣿⣿⣛⣋⡈⣙⡶⣾⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢼⡟⠹⠿⠛⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⠟⢋⣉⢉⡉⣙⢛⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠔⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠆⢀⠀⣴⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢫⣻⣭⣤⣈⡉⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢻⢃⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣭⠙⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣼⣾⣧⢼⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠖⠚⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣻⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠹⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢠⠤⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⡀⠂⠀⠀⠠⠀⡤⠀⠒⢒⡶⢲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣻⡄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⡈⠘⠳⢵⣿⣷⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠃⢛⣠⣌⠛⢋⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠙⢀⡀⠀⠀⣇⣸⠀⠠⠉⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠆⢒⠙⠻⣥⣤⣌⡙⠿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡰⠢⣄⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣻⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠑⢢⡮⣧⢠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠿⣂⡀⠀⢌⡙⠻⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣯⡄⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢐⣧⡼⠒⢱⡏⢨⣥⡄⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⢉⡤⠂⢠⡹⠷⢤⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⡀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣷⣾⡇⣼⣳⡇⢏⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⡾⠁⢀⠉⠂⠀⠈⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠙⠉⠀⠈⣅⠔⣿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⣭⣟⣀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢖⢨⣲⠀⢀⣀⣀⢘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠛⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢴⣼⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣶⣦⣤⣭⣍⣩⣶⡟⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣿⣽⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⢀⠉⠝⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡷
⣿⣉⣉⠉⠀⡈⣁⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣾⣿⣧⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣥⣤⣁⣠⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⣿
⠿⠻⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣤⠀⠀⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠂⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣠⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢁⣠⣶⡄⠈⠀⣿⣿⣛⢋⡄⣙⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⣶⡟⠹⠿⠟⠂⢠⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠟⢋⣉⢉⡉⣙⢛⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠔⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⡖⠠⠀⣶⣿⡺⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢻⣷⣍⣁⣉⠉⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⢇⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠹⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣦⣼⣾⣧⢽⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠖⠚⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠹⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢠⢠⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⡄⡢⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠀⠀⢐⣒⢒⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠄⠠⠀⠈⠸⣿⣿⡆⡀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⡀⠒⠶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠃⢛⣠⣌⡛⢋⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠙⢀⡀⠀⠀⡇⣢⠀⠁⠉⠈⢙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡶⢄⠙⠷⣂⣠⣉⡘⢿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡲⠠⣄⠀⠚⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣻⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⢢⡎⣯⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠽⣊⠀⠀⢍⠓⠿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢐⢦⠰⠚⣱⣏⢩⣥⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢉⡠⠂⢀⡚⢦⣨⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⡀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣶⣾⡇⣼⣻⡧⢯⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⣾⠃⢀⠛⠀⠀⠙⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠛⠁⠀⠀⢭⠻⣿⠟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⢿⣧⣯⣏⢍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⢸⢲⠀⢀⡀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⣶⣼⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠹⣶⣤⣍⣭⣍⣹⣶⡿⠃⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣚⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⣈⠉⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧
⣿⣉⣉⠉⣀⡈⣁⡁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣾⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣁⣈⣁⣀⣠⣤⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠀⠀⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠴⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⣠⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢁⣠⣶⡄⠈⠀⣿⣿⣛⡋⡈⢙⣶⣭⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⣿⡏⠹⠿⠛⠀⢠⣿⣛⢿⣿⣷⡟⢃⣉⢉⡉⣙⢛⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⡆⠠⠀⣶⣾⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢛⡳⣉⣉⡉⠙⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢛⠋⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠻⠷⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣤⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣦⣼⣿⣧⣹⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠺⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠚⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣟⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣦⠹⣿⣿⣧⢽⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠄⡀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⡖⢲⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⢝⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⡄⡀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠐⠦⣢⣶⣯⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠃⢛⣀⣈⠛⢋⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠙⢀⡀⠀⠀⡆⣢⠀⢁⠉⠁⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡦⢆⠳⢶⣂⣈⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡔⠲⢀⡐⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣙⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠁⠬⢌⣯⢀⢀⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠕⠀⠀⠀⡉⠻⢿⣷⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣿⣫⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠠⢊⢣⡇⢉⠬⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠋⣠⠄⢈⠣⢦⣈⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡍
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣵⡀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣷⣶⣿⡏⣼⢋⣇⢟⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠜⣷⠂⠈⠓⠄⠈⠙⢙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠛⠃⠀⠼⣶⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⣇⣏⣍⢉⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⣦⣴⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠙⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠿⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⡿⡄⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣻⣽⣿⣧⡘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠐⠂⠠⠉⠛⡚⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦
⣯⣈⣉⠉⣀⡈⢉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣭⣭⣩⣽⠇⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⢷⡿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⣂⣈⣂⣀⣁⣈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⣄⣠⣠⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⣠⣶⡀⠈⠀⣿⣿⠿⠟⡩⢙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢺⣶⡟⠹⠿⠟⠂⢠⣿⣷⢿⢿⣷⡿⢋⣉⢉⡉⣉⢋⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠴⢀⠀⣴⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠙⢟⢳⣛⣋⠛⠛⠁⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢻⢋⡄⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⠛⠛⠻⠶⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣦⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣴⣼⢿⣧⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠦⠲⢿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣟⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣦⠹⣿⣿⡽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣤⠁⠒⠂⠀⠀⢀⣠⣔⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢂⡀⣂⠀⡤⠤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠰⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠌⢸⣿⣿⡂⡄⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⢀⠡⠤⣤⣮⣥⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⢃⣛⣀⣈⠛⢋⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠹⠀⡀⠀⠀⡇⣂⠀⠋⠛⠓⠓⠐⠀⠀⠀⢰⡤⠮⠳⣦⡄⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡖⠂⣀⠃⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣵⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠘⠠⠬⣜⣯⢄⡀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠨⣧⠜⠀⠀⡛⠿⣿⣶⣮⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣟⣃⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⡆⠠⡼⣯⡿⢘⣧⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣶⠟⢀⠄⢈⠦⣄⢙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⡋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣷⣶⣽⡏⣸⢯⣇⢻⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣱⠔⠀⠲⠀⠙⠻⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠚⠙⠋⠂⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣟⡿⣉⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠤⠀⣢⠀⡀⠀⠈⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢠⣄⡆⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠙⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⠟⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠘⠄⢈⠑⠒⠶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡦
⣏⣉⣉⠉⣀⡈⠉⣁⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣬⣭⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⢽⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣦⣄⣈⠂⠙⠢⠈⢁⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠫⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣦⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⣠⣶⡀⠈⠀⣿⣿⠿⠟⡝⢻⣭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣟⣛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠲⡮⡟⠹⠿⠿⠂⣠⣿⣷⣿⣿⣧⡿⢉⣉⢁⡈⣋⢋⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⡖⢀⠀⣴⡿⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⠇⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠙⢿⢔⠛⠛⠛⠿⠂⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢛⠋⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠷⠦⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡀⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣆⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣔⡺⢿⡧⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡚⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠦⠰⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣟⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣬⠹⣿⣿⡹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣠⠃⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠀⠐⡀⣐⢂⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠰⣿⣿⣷⣾⠿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠜⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠪⢀⣀⣄⣕⣖⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⢀⡙⠛⢃⣛⣀⣈⠛⣋⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⣆⠀⠛⠻⠳⠑⠐⠀⠀⠀⢠⡤⡌⠦⣤⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢀⡈⠁⠺⣿⣿⣿⣽⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣻⣯⣿⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠊⠠⢠⡄⣝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠨⣣⠴⠀⠈⠛⢿⣷⣦⣭⢻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣛⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⢠⠬⠣⣾⢘⣋⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠖⢈⡠⢑⢆⣌⢙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣣⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣣⠀⠀⠀⢈⣞⣶⣬⣼⡟⣸⢼⣇⣳⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣯⡄⠈⠶⠈⠛⠲⠼⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠟⠉⠆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣧⠙⣿⣻⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡏⡛⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣤⣠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⠋⠱⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡿⠋⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣞⣺⣿⣉⠸⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠹⠀⢈⠒⠶⠶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄
⣟⣈⣉⠉⣀⡈⡈⠁⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠹⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣾⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣶⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣗⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣶⣤⣀⡀⠦⠐⠤⠁⠂⠙⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠫⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⠀⠀⠙⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠁⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⣠⣶⡀⠈⠁⣿⣿⠿⠿⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⢰⣾⡟⠹⠿⠿⠂⣀⣿⢿⣷⣷⣧⡾⢉⣉⢁⡈⣛⢋⣙⡛⣓⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⡖⢀⠀⣤⡾⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⡁⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⠽⠿⠛⠿⠿⠇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⠏⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠻⠶⢤⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣧⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⡐⠸⢿⣏⢿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠦⠴⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣮⠹⣿⡟⠍⢾⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⣠⠃⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⡀⣨⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⠀⣀⣀⣪⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠰⣿⣿⡗⣾⡽⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠜⢸⣿⣿⡆⡀⠀⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣉⡉⣕⣃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⢀⡙⠛⢃⣛⣀⣈⣛⣋⣀⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠆⠈⠛⠿⠷⠱⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⣄⣀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⠂⠙⢿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣯⣽⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠃⠂⢀⡁⣝⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣣⡴⠀⠉⠶⣖⣶⣤⣙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣟⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡠⢀⠬⡢⣿⢘⣈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣤⠴⠂⡀⠑⢠⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⢙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣝⣿⣽⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣾⣣⠀⠀⠀⢈⣗⣦⣠⣸⡟⣸⢾⣧⢶⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣪⡠⠈⡄⠉⠚⢶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠻⠋⠐⠄⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡄⠹⣿⣻⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠧⡟⡟⠛⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢠⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠙⢲⣾⡿⣿⣿⣷⡿⠋⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣾⣻⣿⣉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⠹⠀⠐⠠⠤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄
⣟⣀⣈⠉⣀⡈⡈⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣴⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣷⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⣄⡀⠐⠎⠰⢄⠐⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣤⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⣠⣶⡄⠈⠁⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⢿⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⣮⡟⠹⠿⠿⠂⢀⣹⣯⣶⣶⣇⡌⢛⣉⢉⡉⣛⢋⣛⡛⣛⣚⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠱⣖⢀⠀⣤⡽⣽⣿⣭⣿⣿⡃⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢷⡩⠿⠿⢿⣿⡇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⠏⡀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠚⠛⠳⠦⢄⠀⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣭⠙⣿⣿⣿⣇⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅⠒⠘⣾⣧⢿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡗⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡦⠴⢾⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣌⣴⣮⠹⣿⣿⣯⢾⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⣠⠇⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡨⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢐⠔⡠⠀⠄⠄⣚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠰⣿⣧⣗⣷⡽⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡃⠈⠀⢀⠐⠐⣋⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠒⠂⣠⡏⡽⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⣀⡙⠛⣃⣛⣀⣈⣛⣋⣈⣿⣿⣾⣽⣿⣾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠹⡇⡀⠀⠐⣲⠄⠈⠻⢿⣷⠰⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣄⡉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⡈⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣭⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣻⣿⣿⣽⣾⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠄⣀⣇⣽⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠳⡥⠊⠙⣧⣴⣦⣌⣻⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣛⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢀⡠⡎⣽⠜⣋⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⡴⠆⢀⠢⢈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣙⣿⣽⣿⣿⠻⣞⣿⣽⣾⣳⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⢠⢸⡟⢸⣼⣧⢤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⢞⡁⠀⣌⠛⠶⢤⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠟⠻⢿⡠⢾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠂⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡼⠟⠘⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢡⠀⡄⠈⠀⠈⠁⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣠⢰⡄⠀⠀⠈⠛⠋⠡⣶⣿⣯⣭⣭⣶⣿⠋⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⠑⠓⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠔⠳⠀⠐⠤⣄⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀
⣟⣉⣉⠉⣀⡈⢉⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⢹⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⡉⢉⣹⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⣤⣀⡀⠠⢌⠠⣄⠈⠩⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠘⠃⢠⣶⣄⠈⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⢲⣾⡿⠹⠿⠿⠂⠀⣸⣯⣤⣄⡌⡈⢁⣀⢉⡉⣉⢉⣛⡛⣛⣚⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠫⡖⢀⠀⣠⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣧⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⠇⡢⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠓⠒⠦⠉⡉⠛⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠹⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡈⠒⠸⢽⣗⢿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡦⠤⢾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣬⠹⡿⢟⣫⢷⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⢀⠇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⢰⣿⣷⠿⣶⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⠙⠀⠀⠀⢠⣏⣽⣿⡤⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⡨⠬⠄⢀⡒⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⣀⡙⠛⣃⣛⣀⣈⡛⢋⣘⣿⣿⡛⣽⣿⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠙⡇⡀⠀⠰⢶⠀⡍⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠐⢲⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠎⠒⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣿⡿⣟⣽⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⠀⣀⣸⢶⠃⠀⠉⠁⠐⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠷⣁⡝⠻⣦⣠⣍⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡾⡂⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠠⣀⢟⣹⠡⠷⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⣠⡄⠀⢈⡑⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⣻⣯⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣳⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⡁⢚⡿⢸⣿⢳⢠⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⡴⣊⠀⣘⠲⣤⣉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠟⠧⠆⢺⣟⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠂⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣮⠿⡿⠫⡙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠋⠀⡌⠐⠀⠈⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⡀⡄⠀⠀⠈⠋⠈⠉⣶⣮⣭⣭⣿⣻⣾⠿⠁⠐⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣫⣿⣿⣿⢣⣛⠳⠉⡂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠏⠆⠀⢀⡀⡈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀
⣿⣉⣉⠉⣀⡉⢁⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠈⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⣄⣈⠀⠀⣈⢂⡉⠉⢛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⡄⠀⠈⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣠⣤⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⢠⣾⣄⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠠⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠲⡆⡾⠹⠿⠿⠆⠀⢸⣿⣍⡉⡈⠉⢀⣉⢁⡉⣉⢉⣛⡛⣛⣚⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠱⣶⠀⠀⣀⣺⣻⣿⣻⣿⣷⡆⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣗⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⡷⡁⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠩⠉⠛⠻⠟⢉⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣭⠙⣿⣿⣿⣯⣆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠂⠒⢽⣗⣘⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠠⢶⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣦⠉⢻⣿⣣⢴⣻⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠋⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠠⣮⣷⡟⢷⣽⢿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣼⡇⠸⠀⠀⠀⢤⣆⣮⣷⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⣀⡈⠀⡤⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⣀⡙⢛⣃⣛⣀⣌⡛⢋⣸⣿⡿⣜⣯⣷⣮⣿⡏⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠐⢀⢰⠩⠘⢿⣷⣷⠈⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠤⢤⣦⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⠌⠈⠸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣻⡿⡿⣟⣿⣕⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡲⠀⣀⢸⢶⡇⠀⠉⠉⠁⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⡑⢶⣄⢈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⠗⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣾⣿⡿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⡀⡟⣹⡧⠦⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢑⣋⡀⠀⢙⠻⢿⣷⣴⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠻⣿⣿⣯⣫⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⣬⢠⠁⣒⣿⢤⣽⣷⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⣀⠔⠁⠑⢤⣌⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⠟⠀⠀⣷⢻⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠹⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣸⠷⠿⠂⢖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠟⠀⠘⠠⠈⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠈⣶⣾⣭⣿⣿⣛⣥⣿⠏⠀⠀⠁⠸⣿⣿⣿⣽⡆⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⠧⢞⠾⠳⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⡎⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅
⣿⣉⣉⠉⣀⡉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢻⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⡁⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⡀⠀⠑⠀⠌⠙⠓⠳⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⡀⠀⠈⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢀⣴⣄⠀⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠲⢴⣶⠛⠿⠿⠇⠀⠸⣿⣛⠉⠿⠉⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣙⡛⣛⣛⢛⣓⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⡶⠂⠠⠀⣴⢾⣟⣿⣶⣧⡄⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡟⠁⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠚⠛⠛⠿⠿⡟⢂⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠁⠂⠂⠵⢿⣘⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⢠⣺⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⢴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⢃⡀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣌⣴⣤⠈⢻⡿⡁⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⡹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠒⠂⠈⠁⠀⠀⠐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⣀⣦⡌⢥⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡗⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⢔⢸⣷⡦⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⢂⢀⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⣃⡛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⣀⣙⠛⢃⡛⣠⣌⠛⢋⣰⣏⣿⠆⣊⣿⣧⣿⡟⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠤⡀⢛⣻⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢈⣁⣀⣲⣴⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣷⠸⡿⢿⣿⣽⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⢠⠀⢸⢰⡆⠀⠙⠉⠁⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠲⣤⡈⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⡿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣲⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⡀⡈⣥⣿⡇⡴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠂⣁⠀⠙⢷⣷⣶⣬⡻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠹⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠻⣿⣿⣳⣫⡻⡀⠀⠀⠀⢮⢤⠀⡐⣿⠇⣮⣮⠀⡢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢁⡤⠊⠢⣈⡙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⠟⠥⠀⢲⡚⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡄⠹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣮⣔⢷⣿⢸⢿⣷⠆⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠶⠂⠀⠀⠙⠓⠤⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⢡⣶⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⡿⠉⠀⠀⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣵⣿⣿⢿⡗⠾⠿⠴⠄⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁
⣏⣉⣉⠉⣀⡉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠘⣷⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⣓⣿⣆⡀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠒⠶⠴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠛⠙⠋⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣄⣀⣠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⣠⣧⡀⠈⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠆⢰⣶⡟⡻⠿⠿⠀⠀⣿⢟⠛⢫⠟⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢱⡶⠀⠀⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣮⡄⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡯⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠓⠛⠻⠿⣿⡿⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠒⠀⢯⣿⣪⢿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⢰⣾⣿⣷⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⣴⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⣀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣍⣴⣤⠈⢙⣾⣃⣲⡾⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⡹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢔⠂⠀⠀⠒⠋⠉⠉⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢾⣕⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠈⠆⠀⠀⠠⠰⢐⣗⡄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⣘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⣃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⣀⣙⠛⠃⢛⣠⣈⠛⢋⣰⡄⢹⠍⡚⣽⣧⣻⡿⠀⠀⠘⢿⠀⠀⠁⠥⡀⢛⢻⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠉⢐⢀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣟⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣻⠇⠨⣿⢾⣛⣯⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠔⡆⠘⠡⣧⡼⠈⠙⠛⠊⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⡈⠙⠺⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⠷⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠠⣲⣿⣿⢿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡈⢩⢓⡗⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠥⠀⠈⠱⢶⣲⣤⣌⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠹⣽⢿⣞⣯⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢌⢄⡈⡨⢼⡇⡦⣪⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⢀⠄⠠⡉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⠇⠀⠀⣦⣾⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⣷⢶⣽⢰⣛⣟⣇⡣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣱⠖⠀⠈⡙⠢⣄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠁⠘⢰⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⠿⠉⠀⠃⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢹⣻⣿⣟⡿⣹⡬⡬⣁⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃
⣿⣉⣉⠉⣁⡈⡉⡉⠉⠀⠀⢿⣾⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⣖⣋⠂⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠠⢤⣠⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢦⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣀⣶⣄⠀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠆⡀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠒⣶⣾⠻⠿⠿⠓⠀⢹⡿⡛⠫⠉⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣶⠆⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣯⣷⡄⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⡢⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠚⠛⠿⣿⡟⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠒⠀⢻⣿⣆⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⠀⢠⣴⣿⣷⢿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣠⣾⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⢀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣍⣴⣤⠈⢙⣿⣛⡪⡾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⡙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠀⠀⠤⠐⠚⠛⠁⠀⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢚⠅⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⢠⣿⠰⡆⠀⠀⠠⢠⠒⣒⣂⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⣀⣙⠛⠃⠛⣠⡌⠛⠋⣤⠀⢱⡽⡎⣻⣧⣻⣿⠁⠀⠈⢿⠀⠀⠀⢠⠔⢛⢿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠄⡁⡘⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⢼⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⠀⠐⡾⢮⢟⣏⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⡆⠄⠠⣧⡴⠈⠙⠛⠂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⡉⠛⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣽⠆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠈⠱⢗⣿⣀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠈⠹⢦⣤⣤⡈⡻⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠹⣿⣾⣞⣫⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢈⡀⠘⠉⢮⡏⣰⣲⡄⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠞⢁⡠⠢⠉⠛⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⠆⠀⠀⣀⢹⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣧⣴⣽⢃⣿⣽⣧⠨⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢫⡤⠀⠈⠛⠴⢀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⡀⠀⠀⠘⠟⠈⠋⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣽⡟⠁⠀⠁⠄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣦⡷⣀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃
⣟⣉⣉⠉⣀⡉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣻⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⣖⣀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⣄⣀⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣠⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⣴⣦⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⢰⣼⠋⠿⠿⠓⠀⢹⣿⣟⠛⠍⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣋⣘⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠷⠖⡠⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢻⠶⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠚⠛⠻⢿⡟⢁⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠘⠀⢻⡾⣶⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣷⢟⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣠⣾⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣍⣴⣤⠈⢙⣿⢫⠪⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⡂⠄⠤⠄⠒⠛⠛⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠨⢺⣕⢭⣽⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⢀⣿⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⠒⣲⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⡃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⢛⣀⡙⠛⠃⣛⣠⡌⠛⢋⣄⠀⢸⡽⢆⡿⣮⣻⣿⠁⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠸⢷⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠂⠀⠀⠌⢈⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠿⣯⠀⠐⣾⣾⢟⣾⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣤⠄⣁⡇⢧⠙⠟⢿⡓⠈⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡉⠠⠵⣿⣾⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣁⣶⡀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⠠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⣨⢰⣗⣷⢀⡤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠀⠀⠛⢥⡤⣄⣈⠛⢿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠹⣿⣾⣾⡻⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⡂⢘⢩⣽⣿⣴⣀⡄⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⣀⠄⠍⠛⠿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢠⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⡦⠼⣽⡇⣮⣿⣧⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⣤⠀⠈⠐⠆⣈⢙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠸⠇⠹⠏⣡⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⡟⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣯⣟⢄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠭⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣏⣉⣉⠉⣀⡉⠉⠉⠉⠀⢠⣦⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡯⢄⠓⢐⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣀⡀⡙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⣴⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂⣲⣶⠛⠿⠿⠗⠀⢸⣿⠟⠛⠉⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣛⣙⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠶⡆⡠⠀⢠⣾⡿⣿⣦⡄⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢰⣾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢻⠤⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠽⠿⠿⣿⡟⢃⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠐⠀⢫⡿⡦⣻⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣷⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⣠⣴⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣅⣴⣤⠈⠩⣿⠪⠪⢾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠙⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣖⠂⠄⠀⠀⠾⠾⠛⠂⠒⣻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢶⡅⢍⣽⣻⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⣿⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢴⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⡃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⢛⣀⣙⠛⣃⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣄⠀⢢⡻⠆⡫⣦⢻⣿⠁⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⠲⢶⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢰⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠑⣾⣖⢗⣾⣽⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⡔⡤⣃⡆⢄⠚⠿⢿⡗⢀⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠰⢤⣶⣼⣾⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣤⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣆⠀⠤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢊⢈⢲⣣⢧⠀⠄⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠻⣦⣀⣈⡈⠻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡄⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣆⠻⣿⣽⢼⣻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢂⠐⠄⣕⡿⢠⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⢀⡠⡑⠻⢿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡽⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⢰⣧⡤⢨⣾⡏⣮⢺⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⣅⠀⠀⠰⢄⡉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠙⠁⠀⠀⢰⡄⠛⠛⣩⣭⣿⣿⣿⣯⠙⣿⡿⠀⠀⠃⠀⠉⣷⣿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⢘⣽⣿⣷⣿⢒⢍⣍⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⢟⢉⣉⠉⣁⡉⠉⠉⠉⠀⢠⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣯⠅⠳⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢠⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⢀⣴⣄⠀⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⢶⣶⣾⢛⠿⠿⠷⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠟⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣛⣙⢛⣛⣛⢛⣓⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣶⠆⡠⠀⠀⣼⣿⣶⣤⠀⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⢡⡼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⠟⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⣄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠒⠀⢬⡾⡗⣻⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠃⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣷⠿⢿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⣀⣴⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣅⣴⣤⠈⠩⣿⠿⡊⡼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠙⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠄⠀⠀⠐⣿⣴⣷⢄⠞⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢴⣭⢏⣽⣻⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣾⡆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⢛⣠⣙⣛⣃⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣄⠀⢪⡫⠄⡻⣧⣻⣿⠃⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠐⢐⠀⠰⢶⣾⣿⣆⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠁⠀⠠⠀⢬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⠀⠑⣾⣔⢿⣟⣭⠏⠀⠀⠀⠈⢃⢤⡠⣂⣶⣄⡗⠿⠿⠷⠆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠤⢤⣤⣤⣰⣼⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣵⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣽⣆⠀⠥⣶⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⠁⠳⡶⢷⠀⣀⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢦⡄⠈⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣛⡀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣆⢻⣟⣽⡽⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠰⠺⣍⣿⢨⠁⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠤⠀⢙⠫⢿⣶⣤⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠘⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⣻⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠹⣾⡿⣿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⢰⣧⡧⣦⣾⡏⣬⣎⣧⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠁⠑⢤⡉⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠻⠃⠀⠀⣠⡄⠿⡟⢛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⡿⠀⠁⠃⠀⠹⣿⣾⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣦⢿⡃⣿⣯⡁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠐⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣉⣉⠉⣙⡉⡙⠋⠉⠀⢀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠈⠃⠘⠣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣯⣻⣠⠯⠉⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣢⡄⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠈⠈⠉⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⢀⣴⡄⠀⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢁⠅⠀⠀⠀⠐⠶⣦⣶⣶⢻⣿⣿⠦⠄⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣛⣙⢛⣛⣛⢛⣚⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡿⣫⣭⠁⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠘⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠷⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠏⡂⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢂⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠑⠠⠼⣾⠇⣻⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠻⢿⣿⡇⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⢀⣤⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠓⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣍⣴⣤⠀⠩⣿⠟⡋⣤⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠙⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠰⢾⣧⢰⣄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢱⣌⠾⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⡆⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠲⠄⠠⠬⠿⠛⠛⠒⢜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣛⣃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⢛⣠⣙⣛⣃⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣤⠀⠰⡯⠺⢟⣽⣹⣿⠏⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠐⠀⠠⠄⢵⢸⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢂⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡇⠀⢷⣎⠗⣿⢳⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣠⣤⠀⡠⠀⡝⣿⣿⡖⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠚⢿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣙⣇⠀⡹⣴⣯⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠫⠀⠲⡼⣿⡁⡀⠉⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠴⣶⢷⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡾⠇⠀⠀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠹⣟⣽⡼⣻⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠰⢳⢝⣿⠁⠁⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢤⡤⣀⣈⠻⢿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣩⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠹⣿⣿⣟⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣦⣠⣸⣟⣸⣅⣯⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠁⠂⠀⣀⢸⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠃⠃⠃⠠⠙⣯⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣦⣿⡇⣽⠛⢛⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠶⠀⠀⠑⠦⠄⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣙⣉⠉⣉⡉⠉⠋⠋⠉⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠈⠉⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣞⣀⡫⠈⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠈⠈⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠁⢀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠆⠀⣠⡄⠀⠙⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⢄⣴⢾⣿⣿⡦⠄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣋⣙⢛⣛⣛⢓⣚⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣬⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠿⠏⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠐⠈⠁⣀⣴⣧⣄⣿⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⡕⠂⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣬⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠑⠀⠨⣴⢗⣼⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⡤⣾⣿⣾⢿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⣠⣤⡄⠀⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣧⡘⠿⠋⠙⠿⡃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣌⣴⣤⠀⠫⣹⡯⠅⢡⢿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠉⢻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠁⣴⣷⠀⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⠈⢠⣊⠼⣪⣟⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢰⣯⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠉⠹⠟⠙⠋⢑⠀⠀⠀⠚⢿⣀⣷⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⢃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⣀⣙⣛⣃⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣴⣧⠀⣝⡰⢛⡯⡸⣿⡟⠀⠀⢸⣟⠀⠂⠀⠠⠀⠈⠠⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠑⠀⠀⠚⠛⠋⠉⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡆⠡⣦⢛⢼⢛⡹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⢠⣠⢗⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⡇⡈⣠⣶⣿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠠⠤⣤⡍⠚⠂⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣠⣶⡄⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠰⣜⠿⣟⡻⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠀⠆⠘⣶⡇⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠚⠿⢻⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⡀⠀⠀⠀⣔⣱⡀⣦⣿⢂⡢⡊⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⣰⣤⣄⣉⢻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠘⣿⣽⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣟⡻⣮⡼⡿⢸⢷⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⢿⢹⣉⠉⣙⠉⠛⢋⢋⣉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⠈⠈⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣱⣿⣿⡷⠃⠙⡛⡁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡄⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⢀⣀⠀⠰⠆⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠬⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⣀⡀⣤⡴⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡛⣋⣙⢛⣛⣛⢓⣒⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢟⣌⡉⠉⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡏⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢰⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠠⠒⠀⢀⡾⢟⣻⡀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠟⢀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣶⣾⣵⣷⣿⠟⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⣠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠁⠂⠈⢱⡶⠘⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣟⡿⠿⢿⣥⣥⣀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣴⣿⡞⡿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⢀⣀⣄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⡘⠿⠋⠛⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠀⠋⢩⡭⠇⢡⢹⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⢻⠃⠀⠈⠛⣻⡿⣿⡿⠟⣛⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⣆⠀⣀⢁⣢⠾⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢸⡘⠢⠎⢻⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⢹⣿⠃⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⢃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠓⠛⠛⠛⣀⣙⢛⣁⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣼⣿⣆⢙⢧⠸⡷⠙⣿⡿⠁⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣷⣶⡶⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣆⣾⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⣤⠴⠬⢟⠹⠃⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢺⢁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠨⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡇⠠⠰⡸⣧⣵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢂⣤⡀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣧⣊⢈⣏⡻⢷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢤⢠⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣭⢿⡾⣿⣽⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢂⡀⠁⣟⠇⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣠⣿⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣽⣷⣿⣿⡿⠀⠘⣿⣮⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠽⢸⢌⠹⣿⠠⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢠⣄⣀⡉⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⠿⣩⣉⠉⣙⠉⠛⢋⣉⣩⣹⠟⠁⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⢉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢰⣽⣾⡫⠇⠘⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠠⠆⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣴⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡙⣉⣉⢛⣉⣛⢓⣒⢚⣛⡚⣛⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⠋⠿⠛⠛⠒⠀⢘⣿⣿⡇⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⢀⣀⡄⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠫⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣁⠀⢠⣿⢟⣿⠇⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⠁⠂⠤⣱⡶⠸⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣇⡺⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣄⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠀⡘⢫⡽⠗⠠⣹⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠘⠻⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠟⢻⣿⣷⣺⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠘⣿⣾⠁⢫⡆⡺⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣄⠁⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣸⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡛⢃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⢀⡙⠛⣁⣛⣠⣌⣛⣋⣴⣿⣿⣟⡣⠸⢗⡉⣿⣿⠃⠀⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⣟⣿⣿⣿⣅⣻⣿⡻⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠰⢄⠿⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠹⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⡸⣳⣵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠉⠀⠀⠂⠹⠿⠿⠌⠈⠉⠀⠀⠂⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⠝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣫⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣻⠐⡆⠻⡧⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡾⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣸⡴⣧⣹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡛⠿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠗⢘⣺⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⢮⣃⠐⣽⠇⠲⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⢿⣹⣍⠉⣛⠉⠻⢟⣋⣩⣹⣿⠀⠞⠻⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡟⠁⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⣚⣶⢞⡟⠨⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠉⠙⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠟⠟⠟⠟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡰⣿⣷⣭⠀⠀⢠⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣦⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡉⣉⣉⢋⣉⣙⢓⣒⢓⣒⡒⣓⢚⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠰⣖⣶⠺⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢰⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢁⣬⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⣸⣿⠀⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠐⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡄⢰⣿⣿⠇⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠂⠀⠁⣶⠄⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠠⠀⢈⣙⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠯⠿⠟⠿⠿⠻⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣧⣞⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣷⣷⣾⣿⣆⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠀⣘⠛⣫⠙⠐⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⢶⣶⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⢸⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⣿⣿⣧⣂⠀⢡⢿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣤⠃⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡟⣛⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠛⣃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠁⣛⣀⣌⣛⣋⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⡼⠵⡘⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣿⡇⠈⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢹⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠈⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠅⡢⠸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠻⡇⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣢⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠉⠙⠋⠉⢹⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣓⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣟⣪⣧⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢻⣽⠟⠈⠀⡀⠀⢀⣠⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢀⣢⡄⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣯⣴⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣠⣥⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠛⠻⠿⠏⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣽⢼⣿⣯⣤⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⡘⡽⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣩⣉⠉⠙⠉⠻⣏⣋⣉⣩⣿⠀⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣙⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣑⢾⣻⣽⡄⠀⠀⢀⡁⢬⢦⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡝⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠻⠟⠿⠿⠛⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣠⣧⣷⠀⠀⢠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣦⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢠⠆⠀⠐⠛⠛⠿⠿⠟⠆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣙⢓⣐⢛⣒⡒⣒⢒⡺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠐⢲⠦⣄⣀⣤⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠏⠨⠿⠿⠧⠠⠀⠀⣿⡁⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣼⣿⡇⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡄⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠠⠀⠈⣴⡆⢻⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠀⢸⣟⣛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠿⠮⠽⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣔⡦⢪⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠀⠐⠚⣻⡹⠈⡘⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⢀⣀⠀⢠⣀⣠⡘⢢⡀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡀⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⣾⣾⣿⣆⡆⢢⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⣀⢻⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠁⠛⣀⣈⠛⢋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡜⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠉⠁⡚⠉⠕⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠜⣿⠁⠀⠀⠻⣿⠈⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢀⠀⡈⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣾⡿⠋⢿⣿⣌⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡂⢴⣟⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣦⣺⣍⣹⣷⣌⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣬⣽⣿⣯⣽⢽⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡽⠆⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣄⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣩⣍⠉⣸⡉⣻⣏⣋⣉⣩⣿⠀⣻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣹⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⢿⠏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡝⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠿⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣤⣠⣄⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⢑⣤⣋⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠀⠐⠲⠿⣿⣿⣯⣷⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⣉⡉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣙⢃⣐⢒⣒⡒⣒⢒⡺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⠀⠀⠀⣶⠠⣀⣀⣀⣤⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸⣯⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⢽⣿⣿⡄⠀⡄⠀⣼⡁⠸⠷⠸⠧⠟⠸⠿⠧⠿⠿⠻⠿⠀⠸⠷⠼⠟⠿⠿⠻⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠁⠁⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠀⢠⣿⠇⢀⣤⣄⣠⣤⡀⣤⣄⣤⣠⣤⡀⢠⣤⢠⣄⣤⣠⡄⣤⡄⣠⣤⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠰⠀⠐⢀⣄⢸⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠀⢸⡏⡛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠇⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠆⣻⣯⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠗⠽⠻⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⠠⢿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠋⠙⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠃⠛⠂⠻⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠠⣤⡤⣤⡤⢠⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⡄⣤⢤⣄⣴⣤⠀⠠⠖⠓⣛⠍⠘⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⣀⡜⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣾⣆⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡗⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣭⠀⣀⣀⣛⣠⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⢟⠁⠀⢀⢻⣇⢰⣿⣿⣄⢀⠀⣀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠙⠃⠛⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠁⠛⣀⡈⠛⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣷⣟⢸⣿⡿⢻⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⠅⡲⠒⢨⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⢀⢈⡀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡆⡴⡇⣤⠀⡀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠁⣼⣿⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡇⢾⡗⠅⢟⠅⠀⠀⠀⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⢹⣿⣦⢽⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣟⠘⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣶⣾⣿⣯⣿⣿⠆⢀⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣮⣭⣿⣿⣭⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⠻⡁⠙⠋⢩⣌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣹⣉⠉⣰⡉⣻⣏⣍⣉⣩⣿⠀⢸⣯⣿⣝⣿⣿⣶⣶⠛⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠓⠂⠀⠈⠛⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡝⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀
⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⣳⣲⣳⡄⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⢢⡴⠀⠰⠾⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⠀⠀⢐⢶⣠⣀⣀⣠⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠿⠋⢽⣿⣿⡄⢤⡄⠀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠀⠀⠀⢴⣾⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠼⢯⣁⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠰⠀⠀⣀⠄⢸⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⣆⠍⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣒⠠⢿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⣀⣀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠐⡎⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠖⠑⣙⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⣀⡜⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣴⣾⣿⣇⢹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠄⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣠⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⢟⠁⠀⢀⢻⣧⢰⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡌⠄⠈⠰⠦⠀⣰⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣷⣟⢸⣿⡿⢻⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠁⠁⠚⠂⢨⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⢈⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡆⡔⡧⡤⠀⡀⠀⠠⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠁⣼⣿⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⡇⠾⡗⠁⢚⠅⠀⠀⠂⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣻⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣤⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⣾⣿⣯⣽⣿⡆⢀⡀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣮⣭⣿⣿⣭⡽⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⢿⡁⠙⠻⢴⣍⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣩⣉⠉⣲⠉⣻⣏⣉⣉⣩⣿⠀⢸⣫⣿⣙⣿⣿⣶⣶⠛⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠓⠂⠀⠈⠛⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⢬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣮⠻⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣿⣮⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣴⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⢀⠒⠀⠒⠶⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠄⠀⣀⡦⢇⣀⣀⣤⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠚⠟⠁⠼⣿⣿⡀⢢⡆⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠻⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠁⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⠃⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠐⠀⠀⢀⣠⠸⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣒⠀⢻⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢄⣀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠙⣝⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⢀⣤⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣯⣿⣷⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⢟⠁⠀⠀⢹⣿⠀⣺⣷⣂⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡐⡏⠆⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⣀⣤⣴⣶⣬⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣼⣷⣿⡇⣾⣻⢻⣖⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⠙⠀⠳⠂⢠⠀⠀⠂⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⢻⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡀⡼⣽⡑⠀⡀⠄⠄⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣹⠇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠏⢳⡗⠫⣺⠧⣖⡎⠀⠐⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡟⣸⣿⢛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣧⣀⣹⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣴⢺⣿⣯⣿⣿⣖⣿⡇⠀⠀⢐⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⡴⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣹⣉⠉⡰⡈⣻⣏⣍⣉⣉⡿⠀⢿⣹⣿⣻⣽⣯⡿⢿⡗⠠⣄⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣭⣽⣿⣯⣽⣿⣟⠀⠀⠐⢻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⡙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣠⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡃⠀⠀⠠⡬⠃⠐⠺⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⣻⠃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢀⢿⣗⣄⣤⣤⣴⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠟⠉⠼⢿⣿⣇⢰⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⡙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠀⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⡀⠀⠠⣾⡟⠀⡎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⠮⠄⢔⢀⢽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡤⠈⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⣀⠲⠒⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢲⠔⢹⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⡍⠁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⣤⠄⢀⣤⣼⠃⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢤⣥⣼⣾⣷⡖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⢀⠀⢑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠹⣿⡆⠠⣷⣆⡀⠀⠀⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠄⠤⠆⠄⠈⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡬⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣸⣷⣿⣷⢸⣻⠗⣷⣺⣱⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠈⡁⠈⠚⠄⠡⠀⠀⠃⠀⣄⠂⡤⣱⣀⣤⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⢘⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡓⠀⠀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠟⡬⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⢹⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡠⢞⢹⡅⣀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠈⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢿⣿⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡹⠛⣻⣉⡛⣿⠥⣻⣾⡀⠀⠀⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣃⣀⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣾⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⢎⣿⣦⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣽⣽⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣩⣉⠉⢐⡈⣻⣏⣉⣉⣉⠇⠀⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⡾⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⠻⠛⠟⠛⠟⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⡩⣬⣶⣷⣿⣷⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠀⠀⠀⢰⠑⠀⠺⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠸⠾⢀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⡿⠉⣽⣿⣿⣄⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢗⢫⡉⠋⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠁⠀⠒⠈⠰⣽⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⢠⣦⠀⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⠄⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢺⠄⠸⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠖⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠍⡁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⢠⣤⣠⠀⠀⣄⠐⠰⡀⠀⢐⣺⣯⣹⣷⣶⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠖⠚⠃⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠀⣸⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠙⣿⣧⠀⣿⣾⣂⠀⢰⢣⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⢠⢘⠂⢐⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣶⡬⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡇⣽⣿⢿⡿⣟⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⢄⡑⠈⢙⠃⠥⣀⠀⠃⢀⣲⠂⡤⣕⠀⠀⠄⠂⠀⣗⣯⢾⣿⡟⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣯⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⡅⢤⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠼⠟⡮⠃⡽⣦⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⡀⠹⣿⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠰⣓⣽⣆⣀⡀⢠⡄⠀⠈⢡⠩⠀⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣍⣻⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡜⡚⣿⣛⡻⡿⢭⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠥⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣁⣀⣉⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣶⡟⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠫⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⠹⠉⠉⠰⡈⣻⣏⣉⡉⢉⠇⢸⣯⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⡿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢈⢻⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⣠⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠑⢀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡦⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⡀⠀⠀⢐⣉⡧⠐⠾⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣋⣉⣁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣼⣆⡀⣀⣠⣤⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⣿⠏⣹⣿⣿⣄⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠱⠭⢏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠳⠠⠀⠈⠉⡺⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠑⠁⠂⣡⡟⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⡮⠆⢸⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠬⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠬⠄⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⡧⠂⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢩⠉⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⣤⣤⡀⠀⠠⠠⠀⠄⠀⠀⣺⣂⣊⣷⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠒⣢⠓⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠈⢿⣿⡀⢀⣶⣴⠀⠀⣰⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢂⣐⠓⢒⠀⠜⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣶⣦⢽⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⡈⠈⠛⠃⠤⢂⠀⠡⢀⡲⢂⡤⣌⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⢽⣶⣮⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⣿⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀⠀⠅⢬⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠬⠟⡮⠁⡭⣿⡄⠈⢢⠛⣹⣻⣽⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣐⢰⣳⣿⣖⣈⡀⢡⡄⠀⠈⢉⠩⠀⠱⠋⣷⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣼⣭⣻⣿⣿⣿⡃
⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢸⠙⡉⣿⣛⢻⡷⢬⣻⣗⠀⠀⠈⠥⠀⠀⠁⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣀⣀⡙⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣶⡇⣿⣿⣾⣻⣿⣽⣿⣬⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣯⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠹⠉⠉⢐⡈⣻⣏⣉⠉⡉⠁⢸⣯⣿⣭⣿⣯⣿⢾⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠂⠘⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠀⢰⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣀⣀⡄⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣴⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠘⢁⠄⠀⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠨⣾⣦⠠⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠺⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣤⣀⡀⠀⣀⣠⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣹⣾⡿⢛⣿⣿⣇⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢊⡙⠙⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠱⡌⠉⠉⠉⢹⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠈⠀⠈⠬⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⢠⣤⠘⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡩⠈⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣒⠀⢻⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⡙⠈⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠐⢬⣸⡝⢦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠋⠐⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣻⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠈⢻⣿⣆⠀⢠⣶⡄⠁⢠⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠂⢀⠇⠀⠀⠰⠇⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣎⡸⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⡻⠆⢡⢈⠀⠀⠰⠆⣬⢠⣅⡂⠀⢨⠤⠀⢻⣽⣦⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⡀⣀⠀⡀⠁⠀⠉⠐⠠⠠⠷⣦⠛⣚⣾⡄⠀⢿⠵⠜⣟⣎⣽⡿⠁⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢤⣴⣏⣷⠠⠀⠠⢀⡀⠀⠀⠐⢓⡀⢉⠾⢿⡌⡼⢴⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⣀⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢹⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋
⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⢿⣶⡿⢿⣿⣟⣱⣿⡗⠀⠀⠐⢐⠀⠀⠉⢿⣷⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠑⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡀⠉⠛⡛⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣪⢷⣾⣗⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⠀⠸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣩⣍⠉⣀⡈⣹⣏⡉⢉⡁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡍⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⠀⢠⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⢲⡶⣆⠀⠁⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠀⢄⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣛⣛⣛⣃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣦⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠋⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣧⣉⢉⠉⠉⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠐⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣼⡻⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠉⠇⢸⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠍⠜⠆⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⡀⠄⢿⣯⣲⢄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⡲⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠙⣿⣧⠀⠀⢦⣤⡐⢅⣄⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣖⣄⡀⢋⠤⡀⣈⠠⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢁⠠⣤⡙⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢐⠢⠀⢦⣆⢀⢀⠁⠠⠠⢤⣑⡈⠐⢠⠀⢢⣇⡄⢆⣻⣭⣸⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠈⠘⠀⠐⢡⡄⠉⠐⢠⠀⠀⣶⡗⢼⢸⣦⡄⠀⢳⣴⣔⣿⢽⢛⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢠⡌⠀⠀⠀⠠⣄⠀⠈⠉⠭⠨⣅⠸⣱⣿⡄⢓⣇⣼⣾⣽⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⢠⣦⣿⣿⣲⣀⣀⠀⢯⡂⠀⠀⠀⠿⠃⠀⠰⣾⣷⡘⣿⢟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣤⣦⣤⣤⣘⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⡎⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣾⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⡚⣿⡧⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣶⣠⣀⠀⣀⡈⣩⣏⣉⣉⡁⣼⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠙⠓⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⠿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠿⠻⠻⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣀⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⠀⠐⠲⣤⣠⡮⢝⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣈⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣃
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣻⣶⣶⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⠛⢛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⣧⡐⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠀⠀⠜⢀⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠍⠀⠀⠀⡀⢹⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠈⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢬⡽⠿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⡇⠘⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠠⣾⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢽⣷⣦⣄⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣦⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠘⢿⣗⠀⠀⢠⡄⡨⠀⢈⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠀⠆⠷⡀⠀⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⢀⡀⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣼⣿⣦⠀⢸⣿⣷⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠃⡉⠒⡈⠀⠀⠆⠠⡁⣗⡢⣐⣀⠀⢼⡦⢁⢄⡷⣞⢻⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣸⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⡗⢀⢛⠃⠴⣀⠀⠙⠉⡇⠲⡴⣶⡁⡀⠘⣏⣡⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠁⡀⠀⠸⠀⡀⠀⠀⠰⠴⠟⡯⠙⣏⢿⣶⠘⡼⡿⣻⣭⡯⣶⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣫⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣠⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣦⠀⠀⠈⢉⢹⣥⢈⣛⣿⡇⢺⡽⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⣖⣿⣟⠦⡀⠀⠐⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠭⠄⠎⠿⣿⣿⡌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣠⣀⠈⣀⡈⣙⣏⣉⡉⣀⡨⣿⣿⢿⣶⡤⣹⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠶⠿⣯⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃
⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣦⣴⣤⣀⣄⣠⣄⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠐⢦⢦⣠⡺⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⣤⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣛⣋⣋⣁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⠀⠠⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢶⣶⣶⠿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢓⠉⠉⠙⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⡘⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠋⠍⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⢶⠾⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡂⠘⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠠⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⣗⣢⣄⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠘⠻⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⠅⢄⢻⣿⣮⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡰⠓⠎⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⢀⢀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣿⣦⡀⢰⣿⣷⣦⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢋⣑⠈⠰⠡⠀⠊⠁⠁⡤⠆⣂⡀⠈⡸⣀⢛⢀⣿⣖⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡔⡍⡦⢘⠽⠀⡄⠀⠀⠂⠂⢆⠢⡤⣦⢕⠀⠘⣞⣡⣃⣞⣳⣾⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠘⣃⠅⠍⠲⠀⠀⠁⠂⠀⠬⡟⢬⠁⡋⣿⣤⠀⡼⠏⣓⣫⣧⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢚⢯⠟⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢱⣀⠙⠛⣿⡆⢚⣹⣿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⠙⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣥⠀⡀⠀⠀⠢⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⢄⠀⠄⠍⣯⣿⡘⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣦⣀⣈⠀⣀⡈⣉⣏⡉⠁⠀⡂⠞⠋⠉⠀⢠⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡭⣽⣧⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠙⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢴⣢⣲⣶⣤⣦⣤⣼⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠻⣲⢴⠾⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⣨⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣋⣉⣭⣭⣥
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡄⠀⠛⠻⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣷⣾⡿⢻⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠍⠙⠛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣧⣉⣉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠅⠁⠀⡀⡀⢸⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢉⣾⢿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢁⠘⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⡂⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠤⠾⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣲⣄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢄⠀⠐⢀⠈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠻⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⢄⣀⢻⣿⣾⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠒⠉⣈⠘⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⠄⠂⡀⠀⠀⢠⢀⠂⢄⢀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣴⣿⣷⡀⢸⣿⣷⣦⣻⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⠀⠀⠐⠐⢡⠀⠈⠁⠁⡦⠆⣂⡀⠈⡼⣠⢋⢄⡿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⢟⡦⢸⡺⠀⡀⠀⠀⠂⠶⢦⠦⡬⣦⢕⠀⠘⣞⣡⣃⣟⣳⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠰⠏⠅⠋⢷⡀⠈⠁⠆⣄⡨⡿⣬⠃⡋⣿⣥⠘⡼⠟⣛⣫⣿⣾⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠀⢈⠁⠗⣀⠀⠀⢥⡄⠀⠀⠐⠓⢹⢀⠙⣻⣿⡆⢞⣻⣿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠱⣄⡈⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠨⢄⠏⣿⣷⡘⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣦⣀⣉⠈⣀⡈⣉⣏⡉⠀⢀⠄⣷⠇⠧⠀⠀⠒⠈⠑⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠠⡥⣽⣇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣅⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢴⣴⣬⣶⣦⣶⣶⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠈⢝⠂⠙⢿⡻⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣇⠀⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⡿⢛⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠓⠘⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣧⣬⡭⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⡐⠷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠅⢘⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⠈⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠤⠾⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⣲⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠁⠀⠀⠐⠀⠂⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠔⢂⠊⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠙⣿⠁⠀⠀⣀⡠⠄⢡⢻⣾⣾⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠟⢁⡨⡀⠀⠀⢌⠐⠠⠄⠂⡒⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⢄⢈⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣴⣿⣷⡄⢰⣿⣧⣦⣺⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⡐⠀⠠⠄⠂⠂⠐⠉⠓⠰⡆⠇⣂⡀⠈⡨⣀⢛⢄⣿⣗⢻⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡨⢰⢾⠀⡀⠀⠀⠐⠲⢢⠤⡄⣭⠅⠀⠘⣇⣩⣒⣞⣷⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢝⡁⠃⣇⠈⠙⠂⠆⣀⣨⠟⣬⢃⡛⣻⣅⢈⡽⠟⣳⢫⣧⣾⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠙⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠫⢠⣀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⢙⢈⠉⡻⣿⡆⢞⣻⣿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠁⠀⢈⡀⠀⠁⢠⡄⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠨⢅⡏⣯⣷⠘⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣤⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏
⣦⣀⣀⠁⣀⡈⣉⣋⠁⠀⠀⡀⡁⢆⣭⠁⠀⠈⠙⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠰⣥⣽⣃⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣧⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠻⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠋⠛⠋⠁⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣾⣶⣶⣧⣦⣾⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠠⡠⠀⠉⣟⢻⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⠃⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣆⠘⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠰⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⠀⠐⠀⠹⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢷⣤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠂⠀⠀⠐⢒⡺⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⢀⡂⢸⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣅⢐⡭⣻⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⡇⣸⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⠐⠌⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠮⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣾⣲⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠀⠒⢂⠢⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠙⣿⠁⠀⠀⢀⡠⠤⣤⢻⣿⣯⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢑⠏⠍⠀⠀⡂⠀⠠⢡⠰⠠⠀⠀⠃⠂⠀⠠⢐⡀⢄⡀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣴⣿⣷⡀⣾⣿⣾⣦⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⡺⠰⠄⢀⠖⠀⠀⠇⠀⢠⡗⡆⣂⡀⠘⣽⣁⢛⣄⣷⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢐⡿⡠⢐⣄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⠲⢰⡤⡤⣬⢁⠀⠘⣎⣭⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⣸⢕⡣⠲⣄⠈⠑⠀⠀⣀⣸⠗⣝⢣⣻⣻⣇⢁⣹⠛⣻⢯⣧⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡊⢵⡙⢛⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠆⠡⠁⠀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⢘⠈⠉⡯⣿⡀⣞⣳⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄
⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠄⠁⢀⢀⠀⠈⠃⠦⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠩⢩⡃⣿⣷⠸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣄⣀⣀⠉⣀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⣎⠙⠂⠀⠈⠙⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠂⢬⣭⣿⡂⢹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⠈⠙⠛⠛⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠈⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠡⢽⠿⡽⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⡀⣀⣠⣼⣿⣆⠘⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠰⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣿⣿⠋⣹⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠀⠀⠀⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣶⡶⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⢀⡂⢸⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣉⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠨⡅⣸⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠝⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠮⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢀⠬⠒⠂⠪⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠻⣿⠁⠀⠀⢀⢀⡔⡀⣩⣯⣧⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠭⠅⣀⠆⡂⠀⢠⢣⠠⠠⠀⠐⠵⠀⠀⠠⠴⡀⢄⣀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣴⣿⣷⡀⣾⣿⣾⣦⢾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⠓⠀⠌⢂⠒⠄⠌⠇⠈⢠⠱⡇⣢⡀⠘⣽⣀⠛⣄⣷⣗⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢔⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢔⠪⠁⢙⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠲⡔⣥⡬⣤⢃⠀⢙⣏⣩⢲⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡓⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣺⠘⠃⠺⡄⠈⠐⠀⠀⣀⣸⢅⠝⠹⢻⣻⣆⢉⣹⠛⣻⢯⣧⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⠀⢘⠛⣛⣿⣿⡿⠻⠋⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠢⡄⠡⠁⠄⣄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⣈⠈⠑⡯⣿⡀⣖⣻⣻⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀
⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡈⠁⢀⢀⠀⠀⠡⠇⠐⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠨⢉⡃⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⣧⣟⣟⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣟⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⡀⣀⣈⠉⣐⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡌⠕⠈⠀⠈⠹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⢨⣽⣿⡀⢹⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣔⡀⠀⣲⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⡁⠁⠀⠼⠏⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣦⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣿⣽⣽⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠘⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠊⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣴⣿⣿⡄⠘⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⢉⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢋⠉⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠱⡶⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠁⠀⡁⡀⢸⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣭⢘⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⠲⡍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠤⠮⠨⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢆⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢆⡌⠖⢂⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠛⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⣲⡼⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⡅⠀⡐⠂⠀⠠⢦⠰⠠⠄⡀⡷⠂⠀⣠⢤⡄⢤⡈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣠⣾⣷⡄⣰⣿⣯⣶⡹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢜⡻⠲⠄⢠⡔⡄⠨⠇⠀⢰⡳⡇⣢⡀⠘⡿⣠⢛⣶⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢰⣿⢋⣵⣅⢀⠀⠀⠰⠰⠲⣰⡥⡬⣬⢃⠀⠝⣟⣭⣒⣟⣷⣻⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⢝⠃⠺⡄⠈⠑⠂⠀⣄⢸⢿⣝⢳⣻⣻⣇⢉⡽⠟⣗⣫⣯⣾⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠘⠢⡆⠡⠁⢄⣄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⣘⢈⠙⡯⣿⡄⢖⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡈⠁⣀⢀⠀⠘⠡⠇⠐⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣑⠩⢋⡁⣿⣷⠘⣿⣿⣷⢯⣟⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣏⣈⢉⠉⣐⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⡍⣙⠀⠀⠀⠹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠸⠊⢨⣽⣿⣂⠹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⢀⢀⢀⠀⣹⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡀⠠⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠾⢁⠄⠋⠛⠇⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⠾⠿⠛⠛⠻⠿⠟⠋⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣛⣟⣻⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣬⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣠⣄⣠⣴⣿⣿⡄⠀⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠘⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡟⠩⠿⠿⠿⠂⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠊⠉⢚⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⠷⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠀⢀⢀⠀⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣬⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠅⣻⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢩⢩⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠼⠇⢜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣭⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠌⠀⠄⢀⠀⠀⠂⣀⡷⠳⡐⢥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠙⢻⣿⠁⠀⢀⠀⢐⣟⡂⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠁⢀⡘⡀⠀⣌⡀⠄⠤⠀⠸⠆⠀⠀⢤⣦⡠⣍⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣴⣿⣦⠀⣾⣾⣷⣦⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣐⠀⠤⠀⠨⢱⠀⠸⠀⠁⣼⢾⣒⣄⠀⢻⣯⣜⣣⣾⣿⡚⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⣻⠯⣹⠞⢀⡀⠀⠀⠂⠖⢖⢮⣬⣥⡝⡂⠋⢿⣻⣕⣺⣻⣞⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠭⠅⡁⡀⢧⠀⠈⠐⠄⢀⡨⡿⣮⡛⡛⣿⣿⡈⣫⢿⢟⣛⣽⣕⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡊⠻⢻⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠐⠚⠫⡦⠀⠀⠁⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢃⡁⠉⢺⢽⣧⢰⣺⣽⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢊⠀⠀⠑⢌⠐⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⢀⡋⠝⣝⢽⣿⡄⢿⣿⣿⡼⣻⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀
⠉⠈⠉⠉⣰⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⡁⢦⣩⡣⠀⠈⠙⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⡇⠠⣭⣿⣇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠉⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠈⠉⠋⠉⠙⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⢈⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠘⠛⠋⢉⠁⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⣵⡶⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣥⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⡄⠄⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣀⣦⠠⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣶⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⢿⣿⡏⠸⠿⠿⠷⠂⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠈⠈⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠟⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⢰⠈⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢽⠐⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠉⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⠿⠩⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⣂⢠⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡙⠼⣆⢂⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠛⢿⣟⠀⠀⢀⠘⢳⣪⣊⢻⣝⣏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠖⢐⠀⢅⠀⠰⢋⠸⠰⠀⠀⡦⠀⢀⡠⢤⣗⢥⣪⡲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣦⢀⣿⣾⣴⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣀⡒⠀⠀⠄⠊⡆⠐⠀⠈⢰⡆⡇⣃⡄⠈⡯⣷⡙⢦⡿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣱⠧⣴⠂⣀⠀⢁⠐⡒⠲⡲⣤⡬⣍⠐⡈⠞⣛⣭⣓⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢔⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠵⠌⢐⠹⣀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣀⢹⢾⠽⢛⡻⣻⣇⢹⡼⡟⣗⣫⣿⣾⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⡖⢛⠻⢿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠉⢙⣀⣒⠀⢨⣤⠀⠀⠀⠒⠚⣚⠈⠑⡯⣿⡄⣾⣱⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢄⣀⡀⠑⠠⠀⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣘⢩⢋⡧⣿⣷⠘⣿⣿⣿⢭⡟⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀
⠀⢀⢉⠉⣐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢈⡒⢤⡅⠀⠀⠈⠻⣎⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠸⠀⢨⣽⣿⣂⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠈⠋⠉⠁⠙⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣈⢁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣢⣄⣼⣟⣻⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠿⠉⢁⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢄⠊⡶⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠋⠉⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣥⣤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠠⠀⢀⣶⠀⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣺⢷⣶⣦⣶⣾⣿⣿⡆⡀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠓⠞⠰⣿⢿⣇⠸⠛⠿⠗⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⠈⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⢸⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠢⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⡃⠘⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣐⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢐⡀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢀⠤⠳⡒⣨⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠘⠻⣿⣧⠀⠰⠈⠛⢳⡮⣎⣺⣽⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠒⠂⠈⠈⡀⠀⠚⡁⠃⠆⠀⢐⠆⠀⡀⠤⣴⡈⣤⣘⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⡆⢰⣿⣿⣲⡜⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⣀⠂⠀⠀⠀⢡⠀⠈⠀⠁⣖⢰⢘⣤⠀⢹⣿⣮⡳⣼⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣉⡮⢀⡄⢀⡀⠈⡀⢂⠒⢖⢦⣤⢭⡍⡂⠱⢛⣋⣍⣶⣻⣾⣺⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀
⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠂⡁⡊⢇⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⣨⡿⣮⠟⣛⣟⣿⡈⣥⢿⠛⣊⣯⣷⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠡⢃⠔⡂⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⢓⡁⠉⢾⢽⣧⢰⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢰⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⣀⡀⠀⠂⡀⠘⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠘⢀⡋⡝⣸⢼⣿⡆⢻⣿⣿⡮⣽⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠨⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀
⠉⠉⢉⠉⣰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠘⠂⡬⠀⠀⠀⠑⣷⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣭⣿⡕⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1845

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/30/responses-to-team-upc/#comments
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/30/responses-to-team-upc/

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ [Meme]_Inventing_‘Authentic_Interpretation’_(Maybe_They_Should_Also_Patent
It)⠀✐


Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 3:22 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vienna_is_also_in_London;_Authentic_Interpretation!⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Responses_to_Team_UPC⦈_


Summary: After the EPO‘s notorious_"dynamic_interpretation" we meet another new
monster (laughably called “authentic”; or to reinterpret the law to flagrantly
violate it)


⡟⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢟⣛⢛⣛⢟⣛⡟⣛⣛⢿⣿⢛⣛⢿⣻⣿⡻⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⢟⣛⢿⢟⣿⣟⣿⢟⣻⣟⣿⣿⢟⣛⢟⣛⠟⣛⢿⡟⣛⡻⡿⣛⣿⣛⠟⣛⠛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⢿⣟⣿⣛⠟⣛⡻⣛⣻⣿
⣷⢻⣿⣾⡟⣿⡇⢸⣿⣩⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⣼⣿⢻⣿⣿⡼⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣙⢛⣿⡇⣿⢻⡇⢸⣿⢸⢿⣯⡛⣃⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣆⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣧⣿⣿⣿⡄⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡆⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣼⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⢻⢸⡟⣿⣿⢸⡟⣿⣿⢸⣯⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢰⣽⢻⣷⢻⢻⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢸⣧⡝⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⡿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⢻⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣇⣿⣿⣻⣻⣇⣸⣿⣿⣸⣇⣹⣿⣸⣇⣹⣟⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⣸⣿⣼⣻⣾⣻⣿⣸⣿⣼⣿⣸⣿⣿⣜⣷⣿⣣⣝⣷⣿⣳⣿⠸⢿⣸⣿⣼⣿⣸⣇⣿⣿⣧⣻⣿⣟⣄⣿⣘⣿⣃⣿⣿⣟⣥⣻⣷⣟⣅⣿⣈⣿⣻⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⠿⠿⠃⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡏⠹⠿⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠙⢿⡟⢻⢻⣿⡿⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⣷⣶⣿⠂⠀⠄⢟⡛⢻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠉⡟⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣯⣭
⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⣟⠟⠈⠒⢦⠉⠐⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⠳⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠄⠐⠀⠁⠀⠀⣀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠂⠀⠀⠀⠤⢄⠀⠀⠂⠀⠠⢰⣂⣀⡀⠐⠑⠂⠀⠈⠳⣚⣂⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠐⠠⠅⠦⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⣀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠪⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠌⠂⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡀⡀⠀⠀
⠈⠂⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠁⠈⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠄⠠⠤⠤⡠⢠⣀⡠⠈⠽⠎⣿⣾⢹⣹⣱⠹⠀⠹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠔⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⣠⣔⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠤⠤⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⠄⠀⢀⡰⠬⠄⢂⠀⢍⠓⡛⣒⡀⡩⡐⠶⠲⠿⣀⠄⠀⠂⠁⠀⠙⠡⢭⢒⣀⣰⣶⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠤⣤⣠⠀⠈⠉⠹⠜⠙⢀⡒⢥⣀⣀⣈⣀⡀⠘⣤⣷⣤⠆⠌⠀⠚⠉⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀
⢸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢀⠐⠗⡚⠟⣓⣓⣉⡍⢀⠄⠀⠀⠄⠀⠊⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⣿⡏⡆⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠘⠋⠘⠁⠀⠀⣀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠏⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠏⠏⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀⠠⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⣸⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⡇⢿⣿⠿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⡿⠇⣿⡄⣿⠺⣿⡿⢺⣿⢰⣾⢻⣆⠀⢸⣿⢸⣷⢸⡇⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⠇⣿⡿⣶⢸⣿⢳⡆⣿⡿⣶⢸⣿⠿⠾⣿⡿⢀⣿⣿⢐⢿⣿⠗⣿⡇⣶⡟⣷⢰⣿⣰⣿⢸⡷⠀
⠀⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢸⡿⣿⡇⣿⡷⠆⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢈⣉⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠠⣿⡷⠆⣿⣿⣯⢸⣿⠾⠇⣿⡿⣯⢸⣿⠶⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀
⠀⠿⠛⠿⠸⢿⡿⠇⠸⠿⠀⠸⠇⠿⠇⠿⠷⠆⠿⠸⠿⠀⠿⠇⠸⠿⠘⢿⡼⠏⠔⠸⠿⠸⠇⠿⠇⠸⠿⠀⠿⠷⠆⠿⠧⠿⠸⠿⠀⠀⠿⠇⠿⠸⠿⠶⠀⠿⠇⠸⠿⠻⠇⠸⠿⠀⠿⠇⠻⣷⠿⠸⠿⠹⠿⠸⠇⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠚⠈⠀⠂⠿⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡔⣄⢰⠰⠘⠋⠁⠀⡄⠆⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢰⠀⠒⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣷⠸⠗⠸⡏⠬⠡⠁⡌⠈⢠⠁⠁⢸⠀⠁⠌⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⡊⠉⡍⠁⡋⢹⣽⡐⢊⢉⢘⠉⠉⡍⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⢠⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣦⣮⣿⣴⣴⣤⣾⣬⣼⣧⣭⣧⣯⣷⣵⣯⣯⣾⣬⣿⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣧⣴⣶⣤⣬⣿⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣋⣀⣈⣀⣧⣡⣒⣳⣾⣡⣁⣀⣁⣀⣡⣹⣌⣉⣀⣇⣁⣀⣈⣉⣸⣈⣀⣈⣈⣁⢀⣨⣀⣯⣀⣌⣁⣀⣹⣁⣀⣁⣸⢀⣈⣠⣁⣀⣁⣀⣉⣅⣈⣇⣌⣁⣀⣄⣁⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢉⠙⠋⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⣈⣉⣹⣀⣍⣹⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣈⣇⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣏⣈⣉⣈⣉⡍⢉⣹⣁⣉⣉⣏⣽⣉⣉⣋⣅⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⡉⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣠⣄⣆⣀⣨⣐⣀⣀⣀⣿⣐⣀⣐⣘⣄⣠⣐⣸⣠⣠⣆⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠓⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠟⠟⠛⠿⠻⠻⢻⠿⢻⡿⠟⠟⣿⡿⡟⡿⡿⣿⠻⢿⠻⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠐⣰⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣧⣤⣤⣇⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣤⣧⣴⣤⣧⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣴⣿⣶⣦⣴⣤⣄⣠⣤⣧⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣥⣾⣦⣤⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣸⣀⣍⣹⣁⣉⣹⣉⣸⣀⣉⣹⣍⣉⣉⣈⣩⠉⣻⣐⣰⣕⣊⣁⣉⣈⣉⣹⣂⣂⣂⣘⣋⣉⣍⣹⣉⣉⣩⣉⣈⣏⣡⣉⣩⣗⣈⣩⣉⣉⣩⣍⣏⣈⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣁⣇⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠋⠋⡉⠉⠙⠙⣙⢹⢙⣹⡉⠋⣉⠋⠛⠉⠙⠙⢿⠙⢹⠉⠋⡏⢉⠋⠉⢹⡙⠙⢹⡙⠙⢹⠙⠙⠙⣹⠙⠉⠉⢉⡟⠉⠙⠉⠛⠋⠉⠋⢻⠉⠙⠉⢏⢏⢉⠋⡏⣉⣉⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡻⡛⠻⡟⠟⢛⢋⣿⠿⢛⠻⠛⢿⠛⡛⠛⠛⢟⡛⠟⠟⡟⠻⢛⠻⡛⡟⡛⠻⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠟⠟⡟⠛⡟⠻⠛⠛⠟⠛⣻⡛⠛⢿⢛⠛⢻⠛⢛⠿⠛⢻⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣴⣴⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⠙⠛⢻⠙⢻⢛⠙⠛⠋⠛⡏⢙⠛⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⠩⠛⢛⡛⠛⡛⠉⠛⠛⡟⢋⡟⠙⠛⡿⠛⠛⡛⠋⡏⢛⠛⣯⣝⠛⠋⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⡉⠉⡉⠉⡜⣉⠛⣉⣙⢉⢋⢉⡍⢋⠉⣩⡝⡄⢉⣏⢉⡉⡝⡉⣋⠀⠉⠉⣉⢂⡉⡉⣋⢋⢉⣝⡃⡀⠉⠉⠉⡍⣉⣙⠉⢉⢙⡃⣮⡉⣛⠉⠉⡉⡉⠉⠉⣩⡉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⢛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⡏⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⡛⠙⡛⠛⠛⡛⡛⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠙⡛⡛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠙⡟⢋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠙⠛⢟⠛⢛⠛⠻⠛⣋⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⢻⠋⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠌⢩⠉⡉⠙⠉⠋⠋⠙⠉⠉⡿⠀⠉⠉⠋⠋⡉⠙⠙⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣤⣦⣶⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣯⣧⣤⣧⣧⣾⣤⣼⣬⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠈⠈⡏⠉⢈⠉⠉⢉⢹⢉⢹⡌⡙⡍⣝⢉⣭⢉⢹⢨⠉⡉⠉⠉⡉⡉⠉⢈⠉⣡⡇⢙⠈⠉⠀⠀⡉⠩⡍⢉⡏⠉⢻⠉⣝⢹⠈⡉⢉⠙⣯⣋⢹⠉⣭⡉⡙⣯⡉⡏⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⢛⡛⠛⡛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠙⢛⢋⡟⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⢛⡫⠛⢻⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢛⡝⠛⢻⠛⢹⢻⠙⠛⠛⢹⠛⠛⠛⡛⠋⠛⠛⠛⡏⠙⠛⠛⢻⠙⣟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠙⠙⠻⣟⠻⣻⠙⢻⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⢻⣞⢓⠛⢿⡖⠛⢛⡟⣿⢳⡿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠟⡿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠷⡾⠿⠿⠿⠿⡗⣿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⢻⡟⡿⠿⢳⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⠷⠶⠿⠷⠻⠿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⣾⠶⣷⣯⠶⠿⣶⣾⠶⢶⣾⡿⣶⡶⢷⣶⢶⠾⢷⣶⣶⢾⣷⣶⢤⣶⣶⣶⣶⢷⢿⣶⣶⣶⣶⢿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⠷⣶⣾⡶⣾⡶⣶⣶⣾⠿⢶⣾⣾⢶⣶⣴⢶⢷⢶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣶⣴⣤⣹⣦⣴⣤⣧⣥⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⣴⣾⣥⣦⣤⣤⣤⣄⣬⣤⣬⣤⣄⣦⣤⣤⣤⣦⣼⣦⣴⣤⣧⣥⣾⣤⣤⣼⣤⣥⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣾⣴⣤⣴⣤⣤⣽⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣍⣹⣠⣠⣡⣋⣉⣩⣩⣉⣉⣍⣉⣈⣉⣽⣉⣈⣹⣉⣉⣍⣉⣏⣉⣏⣉⣥⣉⣉⣝⣇⣅⣩⣁⣁⣍⢹⣈⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣨⣹⣉⣁⣩⣉⣹⣈⣍⣇⣈⣈⡏⣉⣉⣍⣉⣩⣉⣉⣸⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⠉⠉⢉⠋⠉⠉⠋⡏⡉⠉⢋⠙⠙⠋⠛⠉⠙⠙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣈⣉⣩⣏⣈⣉⣹⣤⣍⣍⣉⣧⣈⣍⣈⣹⣉⣸⣀⣉⣉⡉⢩⣉⣼⣉⣉⣍⣱⣍⣋⣉⣹⣻⣭⣁⣯⣩⣉⣿⣃⣠⣐⣇⣹⣉⣉⣹⣋⣙⣇⣨⣉⣏⣩⣁⣈⣉⣏⣈⣈⡉⣽⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⡟⢛⠛⠋⢻⠛⡛⢻⠙⠛⢛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⢛⡛⡟⠛⡟⠙⠛⣏⢛⠛⢻⠋⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠉⠛⡛⡏⢛⠛⡏⠉⠽⢙⠛⠙⠛⠛⢻⠙⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠷⠿⠿⢻⠟⠿⠿⡿⡿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠟⠻⠿⢿⢻⠛⢛⣻⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢶⠛⠿⠿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠟⠿⠿⠟⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⡷⣦⢴⡶⡾⠶⡶⣶⠷⡷⡶⣶⡶⢶⠶⣿⣶⠿⢶⢷⠾⢶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣤⣶⣮⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣦⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣦⣦⣤⣼⣴⣼⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣄⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1955

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ Links_30/10/2021:_End_of_Project_Trident_and_GNU/Linux_Easily_Beats_Vista
11⠀✐


Posted in News_Roundup at 5:29 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * GNU/Linux
          o Distributions
          o Devices/Embedded
    * Free_Software/Open_Source
    * Leftovers
    * § GNU/Linux⠀➾


          o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾


                # ⚓ Unity_Desktop_Has_A_Successor_And_It’s_UnityX_–_Invidious⠀⇛


                       I wasn’t using Linux back in the days when Ubuntu
                       ran the Unity desktop environment but a lot of
                       people still have fond memories of it so the
                       project has lived on and it will soon have a
                       successor called UnityX except it’s a bit of a pre
                       alpha


                # ⚓ JingPad_A1_Review:_Flagship_Hardware,_but_that_software…_–
                  Invidious⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Flip/Cover_Task_Switchers:_Are_They_Coming_Back?_–_Kockatoo
                  Tube⠀⇛


          o § Kernel Space⠀➾


                # ⚓ What_30_Years_of_Linux_Taught_the_Software_Industry [Ed:
                  How to rewrite history and pretend GNU never existed and does
                  not exist]⠀⇛


                       Linux has become the largest collaborative
                       development project in the history of computing
                       over the last 30 years. Reflecting on what made
                       this possible and how its open source philosophy
                       finally imposed itself in the industry can offer
                       software vendors valuable lessons from this amazing
                       success story.
                       The web may not have reached full adulthood yet,
                       but it has already crafted its own mythology.
                       August 25, 1991: Linus Torvalds, a 21-year-old
                       university student from Finland, writes a post to a
                       Usenet group: “Hello everybody out there using
                       minix — I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a
                       hobby, won’t be big and professional like gnu) for
                       386 (486) AT clones […]”. A few weeks later, the
                       project, which will eventually be known as Linux,
                       is published for the first time.


                # § Graphics Stack⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Mesa’s_Radeon_Vulkan_Driver_“RADV”_Prepares
                        Experimental_Mesh_Shaders_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                             Mesa’s Radeon Vulkan open-source driver
                             “RADV” is preparing to introduce experimental
                             support for mesh shaders.


                             Patches on Friday were posted providing
                             experimental support for mesh shaders as
                             outlined via the NV_mesh_shader
                             specification. Mesh shaders are working but
                             task shaders are not yet implemented — though
                             developers say that support should be coming
                             soon. Mesh shaders provide a compute-like
                             shader stage to replace the conventional
                             vertex/geometry pipeline. More background
                             information on mesh shaders can be found via
                             this NVIDIA blog post back from when they
                             introduced the capability with Turing GPUs.


          o § Benchmarks⠀➾


                # ⚓ Linux_runs_better_than_Windows_11⠀⇛


                       2022 could be the year of Linux on the Desktop


                       With Windows 11 out as stable and the initial round
                       of updates coming out, benchmarks are starting to
                       compare the new OS with what is out there.


                       According to Phoronix, Linux benchmarks against
                       Windows 11 Intel Core i9 11900K Rocket Lake system
                       look rather good.


                       The Windows 11 performance was being compared to
                       all of the latest prominent Linux distributions,
                       including: Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS, Ubuntu 21.10, Arch
                       Linux (latest rolling), Fedora Workstation 35,
                       Clear Linux 35150. All the testing was done on the
                       same Intel Core i9 11900K test system at stock
                       speeds (any frequency differences reported in the
                       system table come down to how the information is
                       exposed by the OS, i.e. base or turbo reporting)
                       with 2 x 16GB DDR4-3200 memory, 2TB Corsair Force
                       MP600 NVMe solid-state drive, and an AMD Radeon VII
                       graphics card.


                # ⚓ Linux_Distros_Beat_Windows_11_in_Phoronix_Performance
                  Testing_–_Slashdot⠀⇛


                       Phoronix ran some fun performance tests this week.
                       “Now that Windows 11 has been out as stable and the
                       initial round of updates coming out, I’ve been
                       running fresh Windows 11 vs. Linux benchmarks for
                       seeing how Microsoft’s latest operating system
                       release compares to the fresh batch of Linux
                       distributions.”


          o § Applications⠀➾


                # ⚓ Stargate_Is_The_Newest_Open-Source_Digital_Audio
                  Workstation⠀⇛


                       While Ardour is arguably the most well known open-
                       source digital audio workstation (DAW) solution,
                       there are also other offerings like Zrythm and
                       others while now “Stargate” is the newest option
                       available.


                       Stargate is an open-source digital audio
                       workstation with an aim to provide “everything you
                       need to make music on a computer.” The free
                       software project aims for a “unique and carefully
                       curated experience”, function on older hardware
                       while scaling to today’s modern multi-core systems,
                       provide robust stability, and work across the vast
                       open-source/Linux ecosystem.


                # ⚓ Sebastian_Pölsterl:_scikit-survival_0.16_released⠀⇛


                       I am proud to announce the release if version
                       0.16.0 of scikit-survival, The biggest improvement
                       in this release is that you can now change the
                       evaluation metric that is used in estimators’ score
                       method. This is particular useful for hyper-
                       parameter optimization using scikit-learn’s
                       GridSearchCV. You can now use
                       as_concordance_index_ipcw_scorer,
                       as_cumulative_dynamic_auc_scorer, or
                       as_integrated_brier_score_scorer to adjust the
                       score method to your needs. The example below
                       illustrates how to use these in practice.


                # ⚓ OpenVDB_9.0_Released_With_NanoVDB_GPU_Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛


                       OpenVDB is the software open-sourced by DreamWorks
                       Animations that is now part of the Academy Software
                       Foundation as a sparse volume data structure and
                       associating tooling with a particular focus on
                       visual effects and animations for film production.
                       OpenVDB 9.0 is out today as the latest major update
                       to this library.


          o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾


                # ⚓ Ubuntu_Server_tips_and_tricks_for_installation_and_beyond⠀⇛


                       Ubuntu Server is a GNU/Linux distribution developed
                       by Canonical and offers economical technical
                       scalability for your public or private data center.
                       From deploying an OpenStack cloud to a 50,000-node
                       render farm, Ubuntu Server can handle it all.


                       TechRepublic contributor Jack Wallen said it best,
                       “Ubuntu Server doesn’t just work well in the cloud,
                       it rules the cloud. For small- to mid-size
                       businesses looking for a cost-effective server
                       solution, Ubuntu should be your first stop.”


                # ⚓ How_to_install_AppImages_on_Linux_the_easy_way⠀⇛


                       AppImages are helpful on Linux. With them, users
                       are able to download Linux programs and run them
                       without the need to install anything. However,
                       AppImages don’t integrate within the Linux system
                       like other programs.


                       If you use a lot of AppImages on your Linux PC but
                       don’t like to take the time to configure the
                       AppImage manually, create a shortcut icon, and add
                       it to the menu, you’ll love AppImageLauncher.


                       What is AppImageLauncher? It’s an app that, once
                       installed, can auto-detect when an AppImage is run
                       on Linux, automatically create a shortcut, and add
                       it to a folder on your computer. Here’s how to get
                       it working on your Linux system.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Configure_Docker_Compose_on_Ubuntu
                  20.04⠀⇛


                       Docker Compose is a command-line tool for managing
                       multiple Docker containers. It is a tool for
                       building isolated containers through the YAML file
                       to modify your application’s services.


                       On the other hand, Ubuntu 20.04 feels more stable
                       and easy to use, and as a result, users consider
                       the operations running more smoothly, compared to
                       some previous versions. Still, some users have
                       issues while installing certain apps and software.
                       Such is the case with Docker Compose.


                       In the following tutorial, we will show you how to
                       install Docker Compose on Ubuntu 20.04 server.


                # ⚓ How_to_set_up_an_Apache_web_server_with_Webmin_on_Ubuntu
                  Server⠀⇛


                       Apache is an excellent web server tool that works
                       on Ubuntu. However, it’s not the easiest to set up.
                       Thankfully, if you use Webmin on your Ubuntu Server
                       system, you can set it up real easy right in the
                       Webmin UI.


                       This guide will show you how you can set up an
                       Apache web server on Ubuntu Server with Webmin.
                       We’ll also show you how you can manage it with the
                       Webmin web UI interface.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_Rocket.Chat_Server_for_Team_Communication_|
                  LinuxCloudVPS⠀⇛


                       Communication is one of the most important pillars
                       of every company. There are solutions for business
                       needs or for corporate use, such as Rocket.Chat,
                       Slack, Hangouts, Flock, as well as messengers for
                       everyday communication, such as Skype, WhatsApp,
                       Telegram, and others.


                       Currently, Rocket.Chat is one of the most popular
                       and widely used team communication apps available.
                       How can you set things up and start using this tool
                       for your team? In this article, we will deploy
                       Rocket.Chat server in a Cloud PaaS environment.
                       You’ll set up a custom domain, and we’ll secure our
                       application with an SSL certificate.


                # ⚓ How_to_run_Mongodb_with_Docker_and_Docker-Compose_–
                  Citizix⠀⇛


                       In this guide we are going to explore how to run
                       Mongodb locally with docker and docker compose.
                       This can be helpful if you want to run Mongodb
                       locally without installing it in your server or if
                       you want to run multiple versions of Mongodb
                       seamlessly.


                # ⚓ How_To_Install_Mantis_Bug_Tracker_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛


                       In this tutorial, we will show you how to install
                       Mantis Bug Tracker on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you
                       who didn’t know, Mantis Bug Tracker (MantisBT) is a
                       free, open-source, and web-based bug tracking
                       software written in PHP. It is simple, easy to use,
                       user-friendly, and comes with a lot of tools that
                       help you collaborate with teams to resolve bugs and
                       issues quickly. It offers a rich set of features
                       including, Notification via email, Role-based
                       access control, Projects, sub-projects, and
                       category support, Issue relationship graph,
                       customizable dashboard, and many more.


                       This article assumes you have at least basic
                       knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and
                       most importantly, you host your site on your own
                       VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes
                       you are running in the root account, if not you may
                       need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
                       privileges. I will show you the step-by-step
                       installation of the MantisBT free web-based bug
                       tracking system on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the
                       same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux.


                # ⚓ How_To_Create_and_Manage_Virtual_Machines_in_KVM⠀⇛


                       In Linux operating systems, there are many ways to
                       create and manage virtual machines and hypervisors
                       for running another operating system on your host
                       computer. Using the KVM (Kernel-based Virtual
                       machine) is one of the best ways for creating and
                       managing virtual machines. Managing virtual
                       machines are equally important as creating them on
                       Linux. Because if you’re a professional Linux
                       system admin or a person who needs to test and run
                       applications on a different virtual machine, the
                       chances are that you would mess with the
                       hypervisor.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_ImageMagick_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–
                  LinuxCapable⠀⇛


                       ImageMagick is a free, open-source application
                       installed as a binary distribution or as a source
                       code. ImageMagick can convert, read, write and
                       process raster images. ImageMagick is also
                       available across all major platforms, including
                       Android, BSD, Linux, Windows, Mac OSX, iOS, and
                       many others.


                       In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
                       install ImageMagick on Rocky Linux 8 using the DNF
                       or Source installation method.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_WordPress_with_LEMP_(Nginx,_MariaDB,_and
                  PHP)_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛


                       WordPress is the most dominant content management
                       system written in PHP, combined with MySQL or
                       MariaDB database. You can create and maintain a
                       site without any prior knowledge in web development
                       or coding. The first version of WordPress was
                       created in 2003 by Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little
                       and is now used by 70% of the known web market,
                       according to W3Tech. WordPress comes in two
                       versions: the free open source WordPress.org and
                       WordPress.com, a paid service that starts at $5 per
                       month up to $59. Using this content management
                       system is easy and often seen as a stepping stone
                       for making a blog or similar featured site.


                       In the following tutorial, you will learn how to
                       install self-hosted WordPress using the latest
                       Nginx, MariaDB, and PHP versions available.


                # ⚓ How_to_set_up_a_PostgreSQL_database_server_with_Webmin_on
                  Ubuntu_Server⠀⇛


                       PostgreSQL is a lightweight, advanced databasing
                       tool for Linux and other platforms. It is well
                       supported on Ubuntu, but setting one up and
                       managing it through the terminal can be pretty
                       annoying.


                       There’s a better way you can set up a PostgreSQL
                       database server on Ubuntu. How? With Webmin, the
                       modern admin interface for Unix systems. Here’s how
                       to use Webmin to create a PostgreSQL database on
                       your Ubuntu system.


          o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾


                # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾


                      # ⚓ KDE_Connect_Is_Finally_Coming_to_iPhone⠀⇛


                             If you’re looking for an easy way to make
                             your iPhone play nice with your KDE desktop,
                             today is your lucky day, as KDE Connect is
                             finally available as an iPhone app (click the
                             article titled “KDE Connect iOS Enters Public
                             TestFlight Testing!”), albeit in beta form.


                             To take advantage of KDE Connect on iPhone,
                             you’ll need to jump through a couple of
                             hoops. First, you’ll need to go to this
                             TestFlight link to get set up to test the
                             beta of the KDE Connect app. Additionally,
                             you’ll need to be on iOS 15 for the app to
                             run, so you’ll need to make sure your iPhone
                             is updated.


                             Before downloading the app, you can also
                             check out the source repository of KDE
                             Connect iOS to make sure everything looks
                             good.


          o § Distributions⠀➾


                # ⚓ Project_Trident:_Project_Trident_Sunset⠀⇛


                       It is with great sadness that we are announcing
                       that Project Trident will be entering is “sunset”
                       period starting Nov 1 of 2021 and will be closing
                       up shop in March of 2022. The core team of the
                       project has come to this decision together. With
                       changes and events over the past two years in life,
                       jobs, family, etc; our individual priorities have
                       changed as well.


                       We will keep the Project Trident package repository
                       and websites up and running until the EOL date of
                       March 1, 2022, but we strongly encourage users to
                       begin looking for alternative desktop OS solutions
                       over the coming new year holiday.


                       Thank you all for your support and encouragement!
                       The project had a good run and we thoroughly
                       enjoyed getting to know many of you over the years.


                # ⚓ Void-Linux-Powered_Project_Trident_To_Cease_Operations⠀⇛


                       Project Trident had been an operating system
                       originally based on TrueOS/FreeBSD before shifting
                       to Void Linux as its base and worked on various
                       innovations like OpenZFS-based root installations
                       but now the developers behind the ambitious
                       advanced desktop OS project have decided to call it
                       quits.


                # ⚓ elementary_OS_6_Updates_for_October,_2021⠀⇛


                       New OS 6 updates just dropped! This month features
                       a heavy round of creature comforts, healed paper
                       cuts, and paid off technical debt. Plus, a big win
                       for cross-desktop compatibility.


                # § BSD⠀➾


                      # ⚓ iXsystems’_TrueNAS_SCALE_Now_Available_on_TrueNAS_M-
                        Series,_R-Series,_and_Minis⠀⇛


                             TrueNAS SCALE reached an important milestone
                             today when TrueNAS SCALE 22.02-RC1 was
                             released after 12 months of Alpha and Beta
                             testing by over 4,000 TrueNAS Community
                             members. This release includes scale-out file
                             and object (S3) storage services as well as a
                             wide range of containerized applications,
                             supported on a Kubernetes platform. TrueNAS
                             SCALE is now available for ordering and
                             shipping on a wide range of TrueNAS
                             platforms, including the TrueNAS M-Series, R-
                             Series, and even Minis.


                # § Gentoo Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Several_Chrome_OS_users_experiencing_Wi-Fi_(Network
                        not_available)_issue_when_setting_up_new_Chromebook⠀⇛


                             Based on Gentoo Linux, Chrome OS is Google’s
                             very own operating system. It is based on
                             Chromium OS and makes use of Google Chrome as
                             its default user interface.


                # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾


                      # ⚓ A_Proper_Accounting_Of_The_Power_Business_–_IT_Jungle
                        [Ed: For over a decade this author has been paid by IBM
                        to write these pro-IBM puff pieces]⠀⇛


                             Big Blue might be preparing for the spinout
                             of its Kyndryl managed services company, now
                             slated for early November, and its new
                             financial presentations, which we reviewed
                             two weeks ago, but that task is not yet done
                             and until it is we are still getting the same
                             financial view of IBM in the third quarter of
                             2021 ended in June. It was not a particularly
                             memorable quarter when it came to IBM Systems
                             group.


                      # ⚓ 7_ways_anyone_can_contribute_to_Open_Practice_Library
                        [Ed: IBM/RedHat: help our openwashing nonsense by
                        creating an account with Microsoft to participate in
                        their attack on Software Freedom (GitHub is proprietary
                        software)]⠀⇛


                             The Open Practice Library is a community-
                             driven collection of practices for teams to
                             use in support of working together. A
                             “practice” is a behavior or “trick” that
                             teams use to improve how they achieve their
                             goals. Sometimes those goals are technical,
                             like programming and IT, but all teams can
                             use help defining their practices. Whether
                             you’re a teacher, event planner, salesperson,
                             or artist, the process is important. When
                             you’re a team, getting on the same page is
                             vital, and that’s what the Open Practice
                             Library can help you do.


                # § OpenEmbedded/EasyOS⠀➾


                      # ⚓ libcamera_compiled_in_OpenEmbedded⠀⇛


                             It is annoying: the latest version of
                             libcamera requires ‘meson’ 0.55.0 to compile,
                             whereas OE Dunfell release only has 0.53.0
                             [...] It’s annoying because one of the
                             reasons developers are moving away from
                             autools to build systems like meson, is
                             because of version breakage.


                      # ⚓ LibreOffice_fr_de_fully_translated⠀⇛


                             Users of EasyOS 3.0 and 3.1 reported that
                             Libreoffice was not fully translated for the
                             French and German builds.


                             I found the problem. When compiled in
                             OpenEmbedded, the translation tarball was not
                             being included when compiling. Fixed.


                             Note, I have done a complete OE recompile,
                             this time with ‘pulseaudio’ and ‘jack’
                             packages. I did this once before, somewhat
                             half-heartedly, then went back to a pure alsa
                             system.


                # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Ubuntu_21.10_released⠀⇛


                             Adding Wayland support for NVIDIA drivers is
                             a big improvement, as is the addition of
                             PipeWire. There’s also a big regression in
                             that Ubuntu has moved its Firefox package
                             from deb to a Snap package, something I’d
                             sure manually fix if I were an Ubuntu user.


                      # ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_–_Release_Schedule_&_Features⠀⇛


                             Ubuntu 22.04 codename is Jammy Jellyfish.
                             Which is the next LTS (Long Term Support)
                             release of the Ubuntu versions. The
                             development has been started for and the
                             release date for Ubuntu 22.04 is set to April
                             21, 2022.


                             Anyone can download the Ubuntu 22.04 daily
                             build ISO image from its official download
                             page.


          o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾


                # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Dream_Bigger,_Predict_The_Future_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                             I’d love to tell you that I’m never wrong,
                             but I’ve been wrong a lot. Remember the
                             Arduino? When it was brand new, I thought it
                             was some silly collection of libraries and a
                             drop-down menu for people who are too lazy to
                             just type out their own #include statements.
                             Needless to say, it launched about a million
                             hacks and brought microcontroller programming
                             into the mainstream. Oops.


                      # ⚓ ESP32_Internet_Radio_Is_No_Game_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                             More than once, we’ve looked at a cool board
                             like the TTGO T-Display and thought, “What
                             can we build with this?” If you are [Volos
                             Projects], the answer is a tiny Internet
                             radio. He’s done a lot of other projects with
                             the board including some games and a weather
                             station. You can see the project in the video
                             below.


                             Of course, the core Internet streaming code
                             would be useful with any ESP32, but the
                             display makes for a good-looking unit. The
                             code is available on GitHub.


                             With judicious use of network and audio
                             libraries, the player only takes a few
                             hundred lines of code. Pretty impressive
                             considering it even shows a visualization on
                             the tiny display screen.


                      # ⚓ Skeleton_Watches_You_Intensely_Because_It’s
                        Halloween,_Okay_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                             The heart of the system is a Raspberry Pi
                             Zero, fitted with a Pi Camera. Running
                             OpenCV, code is set up to track humans and
                             turn the skeleton’s head to face any that are
                             detected. This is achieved via a servo in the
                             skeleton’s neck. A servo bonnet is used to
                             drive the servos without unnecessarily
                             straining the Raspberry Pi.


                # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Samsung_prepares_Android_12_beta_for_Galaxy_Z_Fold_3,
                        Flip_–_9to5Google⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Google_unveils_developer_preview_of_Android_12L_|
                        InfoWorld⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ When_will_PUBG_New_State_(Mobile)_APK_be_released_for
                        Android_devices?⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_Best_New_Games_for_Android_This_Week_–_Combat
                        Master_Online,_Jessika,_Kathy_Rain_and_More_–_Droid
                        Gamers⠀⇛


          o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾


                # ⚓ Mastodon_VS_Twitter⠀⇛


                       Our approach, for now I think about 2 years, has
                       been to treat Mastodon as the key target network
                       because of all its advantages. It’s FOSS, it’s part
                       of ActivityPub… For those who are not familiar with
                       it, ActivityPub is a decentralized social
                       networking protocol (and an official W3C
                       recommended standard), using a server/client
                       structure communicating through a documented API
                       interface, encouraging decentralization. It does
                       what it claims, and there is anyway an audience on
                       this side of the world too, especially when it
                       comes to Linux users and gamers.


                       Then again, there is no reason for us not to send
                       the same content (or at least most of it) to
                       Twitter as well. We can expand our reach to where
                       our readers are. We certainly cannot expect
                       everyone to be on Mastodon (or even know about
                       it!), while we certainly always encourage people to
                       move to more decentralized platforms when possible.


                # § Events⠀➾


                      # ⚓ CloudStack_Collaboration_Conference_2021-_November_8-
                        12,_2021⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Explore_the_Future_of_Software_and_Cybersecurity_at
                        the_Second_Annual_Open_Source_Security_Summit [Ed:
                        These are not "open source" people, so the conference
                        is mistitled]⠀⇛


                # § Web Browsers⠀➾


                      # § Mozilla⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Firefox_Browser_Is_Tooting_Its_Horn_as_a_Fast
                              Company_‘Brand_That_Matters’⠀⇛


                                   Fast Company has put the open source
                                   browser Firefox alongside iconic brands
                                   such as McDonalds, Ford, Cosmopolitan
                                   Magazine, and IBM as a “brand that
                                   matters,” and mama Mozilla couldn’t be
                                   prouder.


                                   The monthly print and digital business
                                   magazine recently published Brands That
                                   Matter, a list of nearly 100 brands it
                                   says “have had an undeniable impact on
                                   business and culture, far beyond the
                                   products they sell.” In addition to
                                   Firefox and IBM, tech centered brands
                                   making the list include Adobe,
                                   Playstation, PayPal, Xbox, and
                                   LinkedIn. Other than Mozilla’s browser,
                                   no exclusively open source brands are
                                   included.


                            # ⚓ Mozilla_GFX:_Switching_the_Linux_graphics_stack
                              from_GLX_to_EGL⠀⇛


                                   In the upcoming Firefox 94 release we
                                   will enable the EGL backend for a big
                                   group of our Linux users. This will
                                   increase WebGL performance, reduce
                                   resource consumption and make our life
                                   as developers easier going forward.


                            # ⚓ TenFourFox_Development:_The_current_status_of
                              DIY_TenFourFox⠀⇛


                                   Due to family and work issues my time
                                   has been curtailed for all kinds of
                                   things, but at this point, at least,
                                   there’s something for you to work with:
                                   as promised, the TenFourFox source code
                                   has been updated to use 91ESR for the
                                   certificate and security base and the
                                   roots pulled up accordingly. I’ve also
                                   got a few security updates loaded and
                                   backported a performance tweak intended
                                   for Monterey systems but also yields a
                                   small boost on any version of Mac OS X.
                                   The browser will now be forever
                                   “45.41.6″ (ESR32 SPR6) with the
                                   perpetual name “Rolling Release.” This
                                   version number will not be revved again
                                   without good reason.


                                   So now it’s time for you to make your
                                   first build (and, if you feel
                                   adventurous, find a problem and try to
                                   fix it, but let’s take baby steps).
                                   Officially, we have documentation for
                                   that already using MacPorts. A semi-
                                   frozen build of MacPorts what I use on
                                   my G5: I have three trees, one being
                                   the main testing debug tree which pulls
                                   from Github, and then two local
                                   subtrees that pull from the local debug
                                   tree (created with git clone –shared so
                                   that they are about 25% the size) which
                                   I use to make rolling G5-optimized (for
                                   my Quad) and 7450-optimized (for my
                                   iMac and iBook) builds. I do my work in
                                   the debug tree and make sure everything
                                   functions properly, then check it in
                                   and git pull and gmake -f client.mk
                                   build in the optimized subtrees to roll
                                   up the changes. When the subtrees are
                                   happy too, I’ll git push from the main
                                   debug tree into Github. I consider this
                                   as officially supported a solution as
                                   presently exists under the
                                   circumstances. The Quad runs TenFourFox
                                   directly from the G5 subtree now.


                # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾


                      # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.3_Alpha_1_Tagged_With_More_Open-Source
                        Office_Suite_Improvements⠀⇛


                             LibreOffice 7.3 Alpha 1 was tagged on Friday
                             in the first step towards this next open-
                             source office suite update due out early next
                             year.


                             Like usual, the next LibreOffice release
                             should happen in February. LibreOffice 7.3 is
                             working up many more changes as it continues
                             to prove to be a very capable alternative to
                             Microsoft Office. Some of the changes that
                             have accumulated so far for LibreOffice 7.3
                             include…


                # § CMS⠀➾


                      # ⚓ People_of_WordPress:_Ronald_Gijsel⠀⇛


                             For WordPress contributor Ronald Gijsel, open
                             source is a lifeline and a perfect place for
                             people with creative minds. It led him on a
                             transformational journey from chef to
                             WordPress e-commerce specialist. Originally
                             from the Netherlands, where he trained in
                             hospitality, he was to find a restorative and
                             energizing power within the WordPress local
                             and global community.


                             Ten years ago, life took a sad turn for
                             Ronald and his wife Nihan when their baby
                             daughter passed away only a few days after
                             she was born. At that time, Ronald was a
                             restaurant owner in the UK, working hard in a
                             challenging economic environment. Discovering
                             open source was in many ways his lifeline and
                             helped him and his wife through their
                             considerable heartache. Through this
                             community, a journey to understand the
                             opportunities of the web and new career paths
                             began.


                # § FSF⠀➾


                      # § GNU Projects⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Best_Photo_Editing_Software_–_Subscription-
                              free! [Ed: GIMP is mentioned last here]⠀⇛


                                   With features such as Layers, Masks,
                                   retouching tools and advanced brushes,
                                   the ‘GNU Image Manipulation Program’
                                   can be used for all kinds of amazing
                                   edits and effects, and all for nothing.
                                   But Gimp is not just a free Photoshop
                                   alternative, it also represents the
                                   work of a wide community of generous
                                   coders and developers, who’ve honed it
                                   over the years from its beginnings as a
                                   simplistic image editor into the slick
                                   package available today, one that can
                                   hold its own against any of the other
                                   choices mentioned here.


                                   It’s not the easiest image editor to
                                   grasp, but the same could be said of
                                   Photoshop and Affinity Photo. What’s
                                   more, there’s a vast array of presets,
                                   helpful tutorials and plug-ins out
                                   there that will help you get up and
                                   running. Feature-rich, customisable and
                                   completely free, Gimp is unique.


                      # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Trump’s_Truth_Social_Platform_Accused_of
                              Violating_AGPL⠀⇛


                                   Recently, accusations appeared in the
                                   press that the “Truth Social” platform
                                   are violating the terms of the Affero
                                   GPL (AGPL), which applies to the
                                   Mastodon software used to run the
                                   platform. Truth Social is run by the
                                   The Trump Media and Technology Group,
                                   which recently announced a SPAC.


                                   AGPL is a network copyleft license that
                                   requires sharing of source code, where
                                   the licensed software allows users to
                                   interact with it via a network, and the
                                   code has been modified from its
                                   upstream source.


                                   On October 21, 2021, Mastadon’s head
                                   developer, Eugen Rochko, stated that
                                   the software used to run Truth Social
                                   is “absolutely is based on Mastodon.”
                                   The Verge later reported that “Mastodon
                                   has sent former President Donald
                                   Trump’s company a formal notification”
                                   of breach. Tech Crunch also reported
                                   that Mastodon had issued a “30-day
                                   ultimatum.”


                # § Programming/Development⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The_Eclipse_Foundation_Partners_with_China’s_OpenAtom
                        on_a_New_Operating_System⠀⇛


                             The Eclipse Foundation today announced the
                             launch of a top-level project to develop a
                             new open-source, vendor-neutral OS designed
                             to provide an alternative to existing IoT and
                             edge operating systems.


                             Called Oniro, the new OS is an implementation
                             of OpenHarmony, a distributed multi-kernel
                             operating system developed by OpenAtom,
                             China’s first open-source foundation. The
                             purpose of Oniro is to provide the same
                             operating system across a much wider range of
                             devices, Mike Milinkovich, the executive
                             director of the Eclipse Foundation, told me,
                             such as a tiny leak sensor in a home and a
                             Raspberry Pi.


                      # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_RcppQuantuccia_0.1.0_on_CRAN:_Full
                        QuantLib_Business_Calendar_Support⠀⇛


                             Another new release of RcppQuantuccia arrived
                             on CRAN today, just a week after the previous
                             release which brought full calendaring
                             support. RcppQuantuccia started from the
                             Quantuccia header-only subset / variant of
                             QuantLib which it brings it to R.


                             As of this release, the QuantLib code is only
                             minimally modified. In other words we no
                             longer follow the Quantuccia route of
                             ‘header-izing’ the file but include both cpp
                             and hpp directly. The minimal changes,
                             documented in a diff file in the repo,
                             consists chiefly of removing includes for
                             headers we do not use (given the pure
                             calendaring focus) and accomodating CRAN
                             Policies (by eschewing #pragma directives).
                             We do follow Quantuccia by not having any
                             external linking requirement: the R package
                             only depends on Rcpp (for the glue) and BH
                             for the Boost headers (and system-level Boost
                             headers can be used as drop-in).


                      # ⚓ Codasip_Founder_Karel_Masařík_Elected_to_RISC-
                        V_Technical_Steering_Committee⠀⇛


                             Codasip, the leading supplier of customizable
                             RISC-V processor IP, today announced that Dr
                             Karel Masařík, company founder responsible
                             for the development of Codasip’s core
                             technology, has been elected to the RISC-
                             V Technical Steering Committee (TSC) by RISC-
                             V International Strategic members.


                      # ⚓ Codasip_Boosts_Studio_Processor_Design_Tools_with_AXI
                        Automation⠀⇛


                             Codasip, the leading supplier of customizable
                             RISC-V processor IP, today announced further
                             enhancements to its Studio processor design
                             toolset. New features in Studio 9.1 include
                             an expanded bus support with full AXI for
                             high-performance designs, as well as improved
                             support for LLVM and improved code density.


                             Studio is at the heart of Codasip’s offering
                             to simplify the task of customizing designs,
                             enabling companies of all sizes to
                             differentiate their products at the core.
                             Studio has been the market leader in
                             democratizing processor design since it was
                             launched in 2014. Simplifying processor
                             customization, Studio walks designers through
                             the steps necessary to create their ideal
                             custom RISC-V processor from a Codasip
                             embedded or application core design –
                             ensuring the design achieves predictable
                             results and the highest performance.


          o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾


                # ⚓ VESA_Publishes_Embedded_DisplayPort_Standard_Version_1.5⠀⇛


    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ COVID‐19_and_patients_with_cancer:_Investigating_treatment
                  impact,_information_sources,_and_COVID‐19–related_knowledge,
                  attitudes,_and_practices⠀⇛


                       The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
                       has caused enormous strain on public health.
                       Patients with cancer are particularly susceptible
                       to the disease, and their treatment plans have been
                       threatened by public health restrictions designed
                       to contain the spread.


          o § Hardware⠀➾


                # ⚓ Modified_Toggle_Switches_Grace_Hyper-Detailed_Cockpit
                  Simulator_Panels_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                       In the world of the cockpit simulator hobby, no
                       detail is too small to obsess over. Getting the
                       look and feel of each and every cockpit control
                       just right is important, and often means shelling
                       out for cockpit-accurate parts. But not always, as
                       these DIY magnetically captured toggle switches
                       show.


                       Chances are good you’ve seen [The Warthog
                       Project]’s fantastically detailed A-10 Thunderbolt
                       II cockpit simulator before; we’ve featured it
                       recently, and videos from the ongoing build pop up
                       regularly in our feeds. The sim addresses the
                       tiniest of details, including the use of special
                       toggle switches that lock into place automatically
                       using electromagnets. They’re commercially
                       available, but only for those with very deep
                       pockets — depending on the supplier, up to several
                       thousand dollars per unit!


                # ⚓ Cheap_Caliper_Hack_Keeps_‘Em_Running_Longer_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                       Many a hacker is a fan of the cheapest calipers on
                       the market. Manufactured in China and priced low
                       enough that they’re virtually disposable, they get
                       a lot of jobs done in the world where clinical
                       accuracy isn’t required. However, their batteries
                       often die when left in a drawer for a long time.
                       [Ben] was sick of that, and got to hacking.


                       The result was a quick-and-dirty mod that allows
                       the calipers to be powered by a AAA battery. The
                       average AAA cell has 5-10 times the capacity of the
                       typical LR44 coin cells used in these devices.


          o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾


                # ⚓ Let’s_Encrypt_explains_last_month’s_outages_caused_by
                  certificate_expiration⠀⇛


                       Dozens of websites and services reported issues
                       late last month thanks to the expiration of a root
                       certificate provided by Let’s Encrypt, one of the
                       largest providers of HTTPS certificates.


                # § Proprietary⠀➾


                      # § Security⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Local_root_vulnerability_in_PHP-FPM_–
                              itsfoss.net⠀⇛


                                   A critical vulnerability CVE-2021-21703
                                   has been identified in PHP-FPM, the
                                   FastCGI process manager included in the
                                   main PHP distribution since branch 5.3
                                   , which allows an unprivileged hosting
                                   user to execute code as root. The
                                   problem manifests itself on servers
                                   that use PHP-FPM, usually used in
                                   conjunction with Nginx, to organize the
                                   launch of PHP scripts. The researchers
                                   who identified the problem were able to
                                   prepare a working prototype of the
                                   exploit.


                                   The vulnerability is caused by storing
                                   pointers to a shared memory area
                                   (scoreboard) used to communicate
                                   between the child and parent PHP-FPM
                                   process. The main PHP-FPM process that
                                   coordinates the work is started as root
                                   and spawns several child processes that
                                   run under an unprivileged user (usually
                                   www-data or nobody) and are directly
                                   involved in executing PHP scripts. The
                                   essence of the problem is that a child
                                   process controlled by the user can
                                   access the shared memory of the
                                   controlling process and change the
                                   pointers used in the main process
                                   (pointers to the nested structure
                                   fpm_scoreboard_proc_s are stored in the
                                   scoreboard structure).


                            # ⚓ Intel_develops_HTTPA_to_complement_HTTPS [Ed:
                              Intel makes back doors for the NSA, so you know
                              this is just crock, like putting all the
                              certificates in one places that's connected to
                              NSA-connected tech firms]⠀⇛


                                   Intel engineers have proposed a new
                                   protocol, HTTPA (HTTPS Attestable),
                                   extending HTTPS with additional
                                   guarantees of the security of the
                                   calculations performed. HTTPA helps
                                   ensure the integrity of the user’s
                                   request is processed on the server and
                                   make sure that the web-service is
                                   trustworthy and works in TEE -
                                   okruzhenii (Trusted Execution
                                   Environment) server code was not
                                   changed as a result of hacking or
                                   sabotage administrator.


                            # ⚓ How_to_Fix_the_Blue_Screen_of_Death_–_Invidious
                              [Ed: "Delete Windows" is an easy fix]⠀⇛


                            # ⚓ Microsoft:_Windows_KB5006674,_KB5006670_updates
                              break_printing⠀⇛


                            # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                                  # ⚓ Whitney_Webb_Exposes_The_Meta_Agenda_with
                                    Jason_Bermas⠀⇛


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ The_Global_Public_Private_Partnership_with_lain_Davis⠀⇛


                       Iain Davis of In This Together joins Whitney for an
                       important conversation on the network of
                       institutions, corporations and governments that are
                       at the center of global decision-making. This
                       global public-private partnership already exerts
                       considerable control over our lives and our society
                       and is quickly moving to control even more.


                # ⚓ Impact_of_Covid-19_on_Job_Automation [Ed: IBM bigwig on
                  using COVID-19 as pretext of firing loads of workers]⠀⇛


                       “Why are there still so many jobs?,” asked MIT
                       economist David Autor in a 2015 article on the
                       history of workplace automation. Given that
                       technologies have been automating human work for
                       the past couple of centuries,“should we not be
                       somewhat surprised that technological change hasn’t
                       already wiped out employment for the vast majority
                       of workers?”


                       As Autor explained in the article, the answer is
                       based on an economic reality that’s frequently
                       overlooked. “Automation does indeed substitute for
                       labor – as it is typically intended to do. However,
                       automation also complements labor, raises output in
                       ways that lead to higher demand for labor, and
                       interacts with adjustments in labor supply. …
                       journalists and even expert commentators tend to
                       overstate the extent of machine substitution for
                       human labor and ignore the strong complementarities
                       between automation and labor that increase
                       productivity, raise earnings, and augment demand
                       for labor.”


                       Professor Autor was co-chair of MIT’s Work of the
                       Future Task Force, which was launched in the spring
                       of 2018 to better understand the impact AI and
                       automation on jobs. The Task Force released an
                       interim report in September of 2019. Its overriding
                       conclusion was that the likelihood that AI and
                       automation would wipe out major workforce sectors
                       in the near future was exaggerated.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ ALEC_Leader_Indicted_for_Campaign_Finance_Conspiracy_–
                  EXPOSEDbyCMD⠀⇛


                       On Oct. 25, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ)
                       indicted Tennessee state Sen. Brian Kelsey, a state
                       chair with the American Legislative Exchange
                       Council, alleging that he broke multiple federal
                       campaign finance laws.


                       The alleged scheme involved illegal contributions
                       to his 2016 congressional campaign passed through a
                       state-level PAC and used by a political nonprofit
                       to boost his election effort.


                       The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is
                       a pay-to-play operation where legislators and
                       corporate lobbyists meet behind closed doors to
                       write model legislation that a radical right-wing,
                       pro-corporate and pro-Republican agenda on
                       everything from voter suppression and climate
                       denial to crushing unions and undermining public
                       education.


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ Algorithmic_(in)justice_in_education:_Why_tech_companies
                  should_require_a_license_to_operate_in_children’s_education_|
                  Media@LSE [Ed: Richard Stallman notes: “The article argues
                  that these companies should need to have licenses to operate.
                  I am not against that, but I would go further. I say that the
                  data acquired in a school about any student must not leave
                  the school’s control: whatever computers it gets onto must
                  belong to the school and run free software. That way the
                  school district and/or parents can control what it does with
                  those data.”]⠀⇛


                       Algorithmic (in)justice in education: Why tech
                       companies should require a license to operate in
                       children’s education


                # ⚓ How_enlightened_was_the_European_Enlightenment?_A_CRT_Lens
                  Lesson⠀⇛


                       The Alabama State Board of Education banned the
                       teaching of Critical Race Theory in the state’s
                       public schools. The resolution was so broad and
                       censoring, it forbids teachers from presenting to
                       students actions prohibited by law as “legitimate
                       options for consideration,” that it would in effect
                       outlaw teaching about the Boston Tea Party, the
                       American Revolution, abolitionist opposition to
                       slavery, the Underground Railroad, labor strikes,
                       anti-war protests, and much of the Civil Rights
                       movement. This directive is from a state that still
                       has statues of Confederate President Jefferson
                       Davis and James Marion Sims, a discredited
                       gynecologist who experimented on enslaved African
                       women without the benefit of anesthesia or
                       antiseptics, in front of the State Capitol
                       building.


                       According to the King Center, Reverend Martin
                       Luther King Jr. was arrested and went to jail
                       twenty-nine times. That’s it. No more Dr. King in
                       the Alabama curriculum! Donald Trump was impeached
                       by the United States House of Representatives
                       TWICE. If only we could remove him from the Alabama
                       curriculum and the American political scene.


                       In an earlier post, I discussed Looking at History
                       Through a Critical Race Theory Lens. This lesson on
                       the European Enlightenment for the high school
                       World History curriculum is part of a series of
                       posts that explore what a critical perspective
                       looks like in a social studies classroom. A
                       Critical Race Theory lens is part of that critical
                       perspective. My commitment as a teacher is to
                       “Teach the Truth” by engaging students in an
                       examination of uncomfortable questions, whatever
                       Alabama says about the past.


          o § Monopolies⠀➾


                # § Patents⠀➾


                      # ⚓ [Old]_EU_paves_way_for_single_patent_system [Ed:
                        Older example of misleading and promotional garbage]⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ High-growth_technology_business_forum:_growth
                        financing [Ed: Once again, the EPO isn't meeting with
                        scientists but instead with a bunch of parasites like
                        Licensing Executive Society International (LESI), who
                        wages a coup against Europe's largest patent office]⠀⇛


                             On 28 October, the EPO’s European Patent
                             Academy together with the Licensing Executive
                             Society International (LESI) held the third
                             High-growth technology business forum,
                             dedicated to the topic of growth financing.
                             The event was designed especially for high-
                             growth technology businesses and particularly
                             SMEs, the major drivers of Europe’s economic
                             growth.


                      # ⚓ UPC_Preparatory_Committee_meets [Ed: With generic
                        titles such as "UPC Preparatory Committee meets"
                        Bristows wants to convince us that a bunch of lobbyists
                        having a webchat is some sort of accomplishment. Myles
                        Jelf and Gregory Bacon from Bristows replace previous
                        Bristows shills who spent over 5 years lying again and
                        again and again on behalf of the firm.]⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ [Old]_Slovenia_deposits_ratifications_of_UPC
                        Agreement_and_its_Protocol_on_Provisional_Application
                        [Ed: What we are seeing right now is Bristows UPC/LLP
                        once again propping up the illusion of UPC "progress"
                        even though it's purely of its own making, essentially
                        by manufacturing fake news for perceptual momentum]⠀⇛


                      # § Software Patents⠀➾


                            # ⚓ YADRO_Joins_the_Open_Invention_Network
                              Community_–_Benzinga⠀⇛


                            # ⚓ YADRO_Joins_the_Open_Invention_Network
                              Community⠀⇛



                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3417

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


Gemini_version_available_♊︎


✐ Links_30/10/2021:_Yocto_Project_3.4_and_Plans_for_KDE⠀✐


Posted in News_Roundup at 10:47 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * GNU/Linux
          o Distributions
          o Devices/Embedded
    * Free_Software/Open_Source
    * Leftovers
    * § GNU/Linux⠀➾


          o § Server⠀➾


                # ⚓ Secure_DevOps_Platform_with_Sysdig_and_SUSE_Rancher⠀⇛


                       Sysdig Secure DevOps for SUSE Rancher can help you
                       secure your build pipeline and manage your cloud
                       native application landscape with confidence. SUSE
                       is committed to delivering innovative, enterprise
                       solutions with great partners, like Sysdig, that
                       empower customers to overcome their technical
                       challenges.


                # ⚓ Learn_Docker_and_Kubernetes_With_the_Turing_Pi⠀⇛


                       ONCE UPON A TIME, if you wanted to install a piece
                       of software, you just stuck an executable file on
                       your hard drive somewhere and went on your merry
                       way. But as computers became more complex, so did
                       installation procedures, which led to problems like
                       “dependency hell,” as different applications dueled
                       over conflicting system configurations.


                       One increasingly popular solution today is to add a
                       container layer to the software stack, giving each
                       application its own temporary, sandboxed
                       environment without needing the resources required
                       for a complete stand-alone virtual machine. And as
                       a bonus, containers make it easier to deploy
                       applications efficiently in a cloud or across a
                       local computing cluster.


                       The idea is straightforward, but the array of
                       implementations is bewildering, especially if, like
                       me, you’re not a seasoned system administrator. I
                       wanted to get my feet wet with container technology
                       without the risk of accidentally running up hefty
                       cloud charges, so I decided to try out the Turing
                       Pi, which lets you use up to seven Raspberry Pi
                       compute modules as a cluster.


                       The US $199 Turing Pi has the same dimensions as a
                       mini ITX PC motherboard and has USB, HDMI, and
                       Ethernet ports. But what looks like a row of slots
                       for memory chips are slots for compute modules. The
                       current version supports the Raspberry Pi Compute
                       Module 1 and Compute Module 3: these are
                       essentially just Raspberry Pi’s minus any input/
                       output ports. (A version that supports the latest,
                       Compute Module 4 has been announced but there is no
                       word yet on pricing or a release date).


                # ⚓ OpenStack_vs_AWS:_which_one_is_better_for_you?⠀⇛


                       OpenStack vs AWS is a discussion that almost every
                       organisation must conduct when adopting a cloud
                       strategy. This is because OpenStack and AWS are
                       undoubtedly some of the most popular cloud
                       technologies in both public and private cloud
                       space. While AWS is the most popular commercial
                       cloud platform, OpenStack remains its most popular
                       open source equivalent. Both have their own pros
                       and cons.


                       But which one is better for you? Or even more
                       importantly, can you use both to reap their
                       benefits at no extra cost? In the following blog
                       post, we will try to answer these questions. But
                       first, let’s start with exploring the differences
                       between OpenStack and AWS.


          o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾


                # ⚓ Linux_From_Scratch:_Call_Me_The_Human_Compiler_–
                  Invidious⠀⇛


                       Will we ever finishing compiling code, I lose more
                       and more hope every single day.


          o § Kernel Space⠀➾


                # § Graphics Stack⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Zink_driver_(OpenGL_on_top_of_Vulkan)_has_Bioshock
                        Infinite_working,_close_to_OpenGL_4.6⠀⇛


                             Zink is something quite wonderful. A Linux
                             Mesa driver that creates an OpenGL
                             implementation on top of Vulkan and it just
                             keeps on getting more impressive.


                             In another update blog post developer Mike
                             Blumenkrantz has given what seems like their
                             final blog post on Zink for 2021 and it’s all
                             sounding very positive. Along side Valve
                             developer Samuel Pitoiset, work progress on
                             Zink plus the AMD RADV Vulkan driver, so that
                             now there’s “only around 200 failures in the
                             GL 4.6 conformance suite” meaning it’s
                             getting really close to being an official
                             conforming driver there.


                      # ⚓ X.Org_Server_21.1_Available⠀⇛


                             After three and a half years since the last
                             significant release formed release the X.Org
                             Server 21.1 . Starting with the presented
                             branch, a new issue numbering scheme has been
                             put into operation, allowing you to
                             immediately see how long ago this or that
                             version was published. By analogy with the
                             Mesa project, the first number of the version
                             reflects the year, the second number
                             indicates the serial number of the
                             significant release for the year, and the
                             third number is used to flag corrective
                             updates.


          o § Applications⠀➾


                # ⚓ How_to_use_Tor_Tools_to_protect_your_Linux_desktop
                  privacy⠀⇛


                       Tor Tools is an application indicator and GUI
                       frontend for the Tor proxy client service and other
                       technologies to make your Linux system totally
                       private.


                       The Tor Browser does a great job as a private
                       browser but there are many other applications
                       communicating with the internet on your system.


                       Tor Tools was created to take advantage of the
                       privacy offered by Tor for Linux.


                # ⚓ Best_DAW_(Digital_Audio_Workstation)_Available_for_Linux
                  Desktops⠀⇛


                       A Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) lets you record,
                       mix, and make music. For commercial usage, there
                       are several mainstream options to consider, which
                       are often regarded as industry-standard.


                       Full-fledged music DAWs like Steinberg’s Nuendo/
                       Cubase, ProTools, Ableton Live, and FL Studio are
                       the most popular (and expensive) solutions.
                       However, they are not available for Linux.


                       Hence, when it comes to Linux, you will have to
                       make a different set of choices as per the
                       available options. And, here, I aim to help you
                       point out the best music DAWs for Linux.


          o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾


                # ⚓ Engineer_onboarding:_two_perspectives⠀⇛


                       I’ve been a support engineer for over 20 years,
                       across Operations and System & Database
                       Administration. I’ve always found something very
                       rewarding about helping people solve problems,
                       which rings true for most people who decide to go
                       into Technical Support.


                       In this post, I’ll share my experience as an end
                       user of the access plane tech, going into detail on
                       the significant impact it had on my onboarding
                       experience, along with why I decided to join the
                       team as an employee.


                # ⚓ Migrating_from_Apache/WordPress_to_relayd/httpd/Hugo⠀⇛


                       WordPress has served me well since 2010. But I
                       finally got bored with managing the OAMP stack and
                       having to deal with plugins updates, spam comments
                       and general security warning because of the PHP
                       backend.


                       After reading a lot and testing a few Static Site
                       Generator, I decided to go with Hugo to expose all
                       my HTML stuff. And as PHP is not required anymore,
                       I also decided to replace Apache with OpenBSD’s
                       httpd(8) and relayd(8).


                # ⚓ Find_Files_Based_on_Size_in_Linux_–_Linux_Nightly⠀⇛


                       Finding files based on their size can help you
                       figure out which files are taking up the most space
                       on your hard drive. Whether you need to free up
                       storage, or just want to see which files are
                       largest, there are plenty of Linux commands that
                       can help.


                       In this guide, we’ll go over the commands you can
                       use to find files and directories based on their
                       size in Linux. Check out some of the examples below
                       to get started.


                # ⚓ How_to_install_NextCloud_on_Debain_11_Bullseye_Linux_–
                  Linux_Shout⠀⇛


                       Create your own personal cloud storage by
                       installing NextCloud on Debian 11 Bullseye Linux
                       server using the command given here in this step-
                       by-step tutorial.


                # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ksnip_Screenshot_Tool_via_PPA_in_Ubuntu
                  20.04,_21.10_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛


                       For those prefer native DEB to Flatpak and Snap
                       packages, here’s how to install the latest ksnip
                       screenshot tool using PPA in Ubuntu 20.04 and
                       Ubuntu 21.10.


                       Ksnip is a free and open-source Qt-based screenshot
                       tool with editing feature. I use the app regularly
                       to add annotations (e.g., arrow, rectangle, border
                       and drop shadow) to my images.


                # ⚓ Get_500%_faster_download_speeds_on_Linux_with_Xtreme
                  Download_Manager⠀⇛


                       Want to speed up your downloads on Linux? Check out
                       Xtreme Download Manager. It’s an impressive
                       application that can speed up your downloads a
                       whole lot. This guide will show you how to install
                       and use the Xtreme Download Manager on Linux.


                # ⚓ How_to_play_The_Witness_on_Linux⠀⇛


                       The Witness is a 2016 puzzle-exploration game
                       developed and published by Thekla Inc. In the game,
                       the player explores an open island and solves
                       puzzles hidden in the environment. Here’s how to
                       play it on your Linux computer.


                # ⚓ How_to_set_up_FirewallD_the_easy_way_on_Ubuntu_Server⠀⇛


                       FirewallD is a complex firewall system for Linux
                       operating systems. It ships by default on Fedora
                       and many other Linux OSes, and for a good reason.
                       It is powerful, highly configurable, and secure.
                       But it isn’t great to set up by hand.


                       If you don’t want to fuss around and want to get
                       FirewallD up and running on your Ubuntu Server
                       system so you can get on with your work, this guide
                       is for you. Follow along as we show you how to set
                       up FirewallD on Ubuntu Server the easy way!


                # ⚓ How_to_install_RawTherapee_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛


                       Today we are looking at how to install RawTherapee
                       on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio
                       guide as a tutorial where we explain the process
                       step by step and use the commands below.


                # ⚓ How_to_upgrade_Devuan_3.1_to_4.0_Chimaera_–_Unixcop⠀⇛


                       Recently, I’ve discovered Devuan, a Debian GNU/
                       Linux fork free of systemd. Soon after I installed
                       Devuan and wrote an article about, they released a
                       new version. So this article is about how to
                       upgrade Devuan 3.1 Beowulf to 4.0 Chimaera.


                # ⚓ How_to_install_&_configure_Redis_6_on_Rocky_Linux/Centos
                  8⠀⇛


                       Redis is an in-memory data structure store, used as
                       a distributed, in-memory key–value database, cache
                       and message broker, with optional durability. Redis
                       supports different kinds of abstract data
                       structures, such as strings, lists, maps, sets,
                       sorted sets, HyperLogLogs, bitmaps, streams, and
                       spatial indices.


                # ⚓ How_To_Fix_Broken_Ubuntu_OS_without_Reinstalling_the
                  System⠀⇛


                       Linux users often face issues with broken operating
                       systems due to many reasons. This issue frequently
                       occurs when turning on the system after a major
                       software crush, update failure, or physical damage
                       to the system. It’s not undeniable that getting a
                       shake on the hardware (especially in laptops) might
                       break your current operating system. Now, there is
                       no hassle if you’ve been started using your Ubuntu
                       fresh, but it would be havoc if you’ve been using
                       Ubuntu professionally, and there are tons of files
                       on your system. In that case, you might not want to
                       erase the current operating system entirely and
                       reinstall Ubuntu. There are ways that you can use
                       to fix your broken Ubuntu OS without reinstalling
                       it on your machine.


                # ⚓ Date_Command_in_Linux_with_Usage_Examples⠀⇛


                       The date command in Linux is used to display or set
                       system date and time. It allows users to display
                       time in various formats and calculates the past and
                       future dates.


                       In this tutorial, we learn about the date command
                       in Linux with usage examples.


          o § Games⠀➾


                # ⚓ Dota_2_gets_a_new_hero_with_Marci_and_DOTA:_Dragon’s_Blood
                  gets_a_new_Season_2_trailer_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛


                       Busy time in Dota 2 land for Valve with a major
                       update just being shipped for the free to play
                       MOBA, with Marci hopping over from the anime to the
                       game. Plus a new trailer for season 2 of DOTA:
                       Dragon’s Blood.


          o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾


                # ⚓ 10_Best_Linux_Desktop_Environments_of_2021⠀⇛


                       Linux desktop environment contains a bundle of
                       applications created in a manner to work with one
                       another and give a consistent User Experience(UX).
                       A tremendous sum of Linux clients inclines toward
                       to work on the OS through the terminal of the
                       command-line, but you will also be able to use the
                       graphical UI rather than using the terminal. Since
                       there is no particular best Linux desktop
                       environment as it depends upon distinctive
                       components like simple to utilize, memory
                       consumption, compatibility, and usefulness. Every
                       user has their own requirements, so choose the best
                       fit for your own.


                # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾


                      # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.24_will_support_the_fingerprint_reader⠀⇛


                             An important announcement was made by Nate
                             Graham, developer of KDE, regarding the KDE
                             Plasma 5.24 release of Plasma , the engine
                             behind the popular desktop manager: support
                             for the fingerprint reader has been added.


                             All laptop owners, not just Thinkpads, who
                             have an integrated fingerprint reader or
                             owners of an external reader will be able to
                             configure KDE so that you can authenticate
                             with the tip of your finger.


                      # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_Accent-colored_folders_and_more!⠀⇛


                             Keep in mind that this blog only covers the
                             tip of the iceberg! Tons of KDE apps whose
                             development I don’t have time to follow
                             aren’t represented here, and I also don’t
                             mention backend refactoring, improved test
                             coverage, and other changes that are
                             generally not user-facing. If you’re hungry
                             for more, check out https://planet.kde.org/,
                             where you can find blog posts by other KDE
                             contributors detailing the work they’re
                             doing.


                      # ⚓ KDE_Ends_Out_October_With_More_Fixes,_Continued
                        Polishing_To_Plasma_Wayland⠀⇛


                             KDE Plasma 5.23 offers much better Plasma
                             Wayland support than prior releases but still
                             the journey of polished Wayland support on-
                             par with X11 is not over. KDE developers
                             ended out October working on more Wayland
                             fixes along with other improvements to this
                             open-source desktop.


                             KDE developer Nate Graham is out with his
                             usual weekly development summary for all of
                             the happenings going on for this major free
                             software project. Some of the KDE highlights
                             for this week included…


                # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Felix_Häcker:_#16_Card-Carrying⠀⇛


                             Update on what happened across the GNOME
                             project in the week from October 22 to
                             October 29.


          o § Distributions⠀➾


                # ⚓ Yocto_Project_3.4_(honister)_is_Released⠀⇛


                       We are pleased to announce the Yocto Project 3.4
                       Release is now available for download.


                # ⚓ Yocto_Project_3.4_(Honister)_released_[LWN.net]⠀⇛


                       Version 3.4 of The Yocto Project has been released.
                       Yocto provides a system for building embedded Linux
                       distributions. This release comes with “Linux
                       kernel 5.14, glibc 2.34 and ~280 other recipe
                       upgrades”, support for building and cross-compiling
                       Rust code, tons of new recipes, a way to create a
                       SPDX bill of materials (BoM), overlayfs and seccomp
                       support, optimizations, bug fixes, and more. The
                       full release notes have further information.


                # § BSD⠀➾


                      # ⚓ My_FreeBSD_laptop…_without_a_GUI!?⠀⇛


                             To take a step back, might lead you to fall
                             off a cliff. I’m working on creating the
                             ultimate “on call” FreeBSD laptop. It needs a
                             few VPN clients, text editors, orchestration
                             tools, QEMU for quick tests, git and rsync
                             for keeping things current, and… that’s about
                             it. When I realised that none of these
                             require a graphical environment, I decided to
                             see if I could live entirely within a tty,
                             just like the old times.


                # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Chromium_Browser_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛


                             Chromium Browser has been updated to
                             95.0.4638.54 and shipped to the PCLinuxOS
                             Software Repository.


                      # ⚓ Audacity_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛


                             Audacity has been updated to 3.1.0 and
                             shipped to the software repository.


                      # ⚓ Vivaldi_Browser_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛


                             Vivaldi Browser has been updated to
                             4.3.2439.63 and shipped to the software
                             repository.


                      # ⚓ Google_Chrome_Browser_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛


                             Google Chrome Browser has been updated to
                             version 95.0.4638.69 and shipped to the
                             software repository.


                # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Could_“Unbreakable”_Oracle_Linux_be_the_Logical
                        Enterprise-Ready_CentOS_Replacement?⠀⇛


                             The Oracle Linux team has created a simple
                             script with instructions that you can use to
                             switch your CentOS 8, 7 and 6 systems to
                             Oracle Linux. The script has two main
                             functions: it switches your yum configuration
                             to use the Oracle Linux yum server to update
                             some core packages and installs the latest
                             Oracle Linux’s latest Unbreakable Enterprise
                             Kernel. It is not necessary to restart after
                             switching, but we recommend you do to take
                             advantage of UEK. Yes – it really is that
                             easy!


                      # ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Configure_Apache_(HTTPD)_with_Let’s
                        Encrypt_TLS/SSL_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛


                             Apache, also known as Apache HTTP server, has
                             been one of the most widely used web server
                             applications globally for the past few
                             decades. It is a free and open-source web
                             application software maintained by the Apache
                             Software Foundation. Apache provides some
                             powerful features with dynamically loadable
                             modules, easy integration with other
                             software, and handling of static files, among
                             other popular features.


                             In the following tutorial, you will learn how
                             to install Apache Web Server on Rocky Linux
                             8.


                      # ⚓ How_to_install_Crab_Game_by_Dani_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛


                             Today we are looking at how to install Crab
                             Game by Dani on a Chromebook. Please follow
                             the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we
                             explain the process step by step and use the
                             commands below.


                             This tutorial will only work on Chromebooks
                             with an Intel or AMD CPU (with Linux Apps
                             Support) and not those with an ARM64
                             architecture CPU.


                      # ⚓ How_To_Install_GIMP_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛


                             In this tutorial, we will show you how to
                             install GIMP on Debian 11. For those of you
                             who didn’t know, GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation
                             Program) is a free, open-source raster
                             graphics editing software primarily used for
                             image manipulation and image editing,
                             transcoding between various image formats,
                             free-form drawing, and many more specialized
                             tasks.


                             This article assumes you have at least basic
                             knowledge of Linux, know how to use the
                             shell, and most importantly, you host your
                             site on your own VPS. The installation is
                             quite simple and assumes you are running in
                             the root account, if not you may need to add
                             ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root
                             privileges. I will show you through the step-
                             by-step installation of the GIMP open-source
                             image editor on a Debian 11 (Bullseye).


                # § Debian Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Tails:_The_Linux_Distribution_That_Makes_You
                        Completely_Anonymous_Online⠀⇛


                             Want to access the internet without leaving
                             any traces? Check out Tails, a Linux distro
                             that focuses on maintaining user privacy and
                             anonymity.


                             It’s no secret that many users finally make
                             the switch from Windows to Linux because of a
                             desire to make their own choices and take
                             control of their computer and privacy.
                             Although there are many Linux distros, each
                             different from the next, security and privacy
                             are the common threads running through all of
                             them.


                             One such distribution is Tails, a security-
                             focused operating system that maintains your
                             anonymity on the web.


                # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Ubuntu_Online_21.10_Released,_Lets_You_Try_Ubuntu
                        Desktop_in_a_Web_Browser⠀⇛


                             Inspired by the Ubuntu Online Tour project
                             created by Canonical a few years ago, the
                             Ubuntu Online project aims to give those with
                             very limited resources the option to try the
                             latest Ubuntu Desktop release in a web
                             browser.


                             Ubuntu Online works both online and offline,
                             but for the best experience the files need to
                             be hosted online, in a web server. This is
                             great if you want, for example, to migrate a
                             bunch of computers to Ubuntu/Linux but you
                             want your users to see what the fuss is all
                             about with an online demo.


                      # ⚓ Supporting_‘impish’_releases⠀⇛


                             Now that Canonical has released Ubuntu 21.10
                             (Impish Indri) you can use my latest release
                             of ‘isorespin.sh‘ to respin Ubuntu ISOs:


          o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾


                # ⚓ Video:_Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W⠀⇛


                       This was just announced this week. Looks this
                       interesting. Enjoy!


                # ⚓ Build_an_open_source-hardware_Allwinner_D1s_RISC-V_Linux
                  SBC_for_under_$10⠀⇛


                       We covered Allwinner D1s RISC-V processor with 64MB
                       built-in RAM a few days ago, and we’ve just found
                       out about Xassette-Asterisk, an open-source
                       hardware board based on the processor that runs
                       Linux (OpenWrt) and is said to cost less than $10
                       to make.


                       This is significantly cheaper than the Allwinner D1
                       based Nezha RISC-V Linux SBC currently sold for a
                       little over $100, a rather poor value. The cheaper
                       board will not quite have the same applications
                       with just 64 MB RAM and no HDMI, but it could be
                       great for projects requiring a camera and/or a
                       display, audio interfaces, plus some I/Os.


                # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W_Available_at_the_Price_of_$15_–
                        LinuxStoney⠀⇛


                             The Raspberry Pi Foundation has announced the
                             release to market the Zero 2 W, its new mini-
                             PC tiny size and low cost coming to happen to
                             the Raspberry Pi Zero W.


                             The Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W costs just US $15,
                             so, in the foundation’s words, “it perfectly
                             embodies our mission to give people access to
                             tools and remove the cost barrier. ” Previous
                             versions of this mini-PC have shown that it
                             is a good component to build devices such as
                             mechanical fans to cope with harsh contexts
                             such as the one we have experienced with the
                             COVID-19 pandemic.


                             The low cost and the size of the Raspberry Pi
                             Zero 2 W are factors that obviously determine
                             its characteristics, so one has to be aware
                             of what one is buying in case of buying it.
                             For example, the SoC is a Broadcom BCM2710A1,
                             the same as the one used by the Raspberry Pi
                             3, but with the core frequency reduced from
                             1.2GHz to 1GHz. As regards RAM, 512MB of
                             LPDDR2 SDRAM has been incorporated. Without
                             further ado, we are going to expose all the
                             main features in the following list…


                      # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Trains_Drivers_to_Use_Their_Turn
                        Signal⠀⇛


                             Not using your turn signal can cause a car
                             accident, but maker Marc Radinovic’s latest
                             Raspberry Pi project aims to mitigate that
                             issue. With the help of a Raspberry Pi 4 B,
                             he’s managed to create a turn signal
                             education device that trains users to
                             properly use their signal when turning.


                             The best Raspberry Pi projects are ones that
                             solve problems and this one definitely aims
                             to make the world a better place. Although,
                             it does require a willing participant to
                             install such a system in the first place.


                      # ⚓ Disabling_cores_to_reduce_the_Pi_Zero_2_W’s_power
                        consumption_by_half⠀⇛


                             From my review, I found that the Zero 2 uses
                             100 mA at idle (compared to 80 mA for the
                             single-core Pi Zero W that preceded it), but
                             will use up to 500 mA full-tilt, when all
                             four CPU cores are maxed out.


                             For many users of the Zero 2, this is no
                             problem, as the extra multicore performance
                             is worth it. But a few people asked whether
                             disabling cores could save energy in
                             situations where the software running on the
                             Zero 2 wasn’t multithreaded or didn’t need
                             multiple CPU cores to run effectively.


                      # ⚓ How_to_Overclock_A_Raspberry_Pi_Zero_2_W⠀⇛


                             With its quad-core processor, the Raspberry
                             Pi Zero 2 W already brings a massive
                             performance boost over the older, single-core
                             Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W. But there’s
                             free, extra performance buried inside your
                             Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W if you’re willing to
                             overclock it? Overclocking any model of
                             Raspberry Pi is a simple task. All we need to
                             do is edit a config file and you can gain, in
                             our experience, up to 400 more MHz (perhaps
                             more) over the 1-GHz stock speed.


                      # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_3_Boots_in_Under_2_Seconds⠀⇛


                             For some makers, pushing the Raspberry Pi to
                             its limits is just part of the experience.
                             Today we’re sharing an impressive project
                             from maker Furkan Tokaç who has managed to
                             absolutely slash the Raspberry Pi 3 boot
                             time.


                             According to Tokaç, the normal boot time is
                             just over 10 seconds with the boot delay set
                             to 0. With his optimizations in place, the
                             boot time takes approximately 1.75 seconds to
                             load the OS and 2.82 seconds total to power
                             up a QML application.


                      # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_3_Fastboot_–_Less_Than_2_Seconds⠀⇛


                             This post tells about my journey of fast-
                             booting a Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI). In addition
                             to that, some optimizations are discussed
                             that can be applied to a Qt (QML)
                             application. In the end, we will have a RPI
                             that boots from power-up to Linux shell in
                             1.75 seconds, power-up to Qt (QML)
                             application in 2.82 seconds.


                      # ⚓ All_Aboard!_The_Railroad_Keyboard_Is_Now_Serving_Open
                        Sourceville_|_Hackaday⠀⇛


                             Sometimes you don’t know what you want until
                             you see it, and that goes for keyboard
                             designs as much as it does the dessert cart.
                             The Railroad is [DiplomacyPunIn10Did]’s first
                             keyboard design, believe it or not. And,
                             well, we like what we see. Good thing it’s
                             open-source, eh?


                             While we personally don’t normally go for
                             straight-up ortholinear keyboards, this one
                             looks split enough to be comfortable. We love
                             that there is both an ISO Enter and a
                             regular-sized Return, although we might put
                             another Enter on the left side if it were our
                             keyboard. That’s the beauty of this whole
                             open-source keyboard thing, though. I could
                             assign any number of those animal-capped keys
                             to Enter. Another plus is that The Railroad
                             uses semi-normal keycap sets, with none of
                             this 1.25u nonsense of certain split
                             keyboards.


                # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Xiaomi_Android_12_update_tracker:_Eligible_devices,
                        release_date,_&_more⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ This_week_in_Tech:_Android_12L,_new_mid-range
                        Qualcomm_chips,_Facebook_rebranding,_and_more⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ OnePlus_OxygenOS_11_(Android_11)_update_known_bugs_&
                        issues⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Unknown_Android_function:_This_is_how_you_unlock_your
                        phone_quickly_and_easily⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Google_just_banned_150_dangerous_Android_apps,_so
                        delete_them_from_your_phone⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Android_12_update_tracker_for_major_OEMs/skins_(One
                        UI_4,_MIUI_13,_OxygenOS_12,_Funtouch_OS_12/OriginOS,
                        ColorOS_12_&_Realme_UI_3)⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Android_12L_is_coming_for_your_large_screen_devices
                        but_what_is_it?⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Android_12_update_tracker_for_major_OEMs/skins_(One
                        UI_4,_MIUI_13,_OxygenOS_12,_Funtouch_OS_12/OriginOS,
                        ColorOS_12_&_Realme_UI_3)⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Here’s_when_your_Asus_phone_is_getting_Android_12⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ How_To_Set_Priority_Conversations_In_Android_&_What
                        That_Does⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ How_to_optimize_your_smartphone:_Android_tips_–
                        PhonesWiki⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Why_You_Shouldn’t_Always_Close_Apps_on_Your_Android
                        Phone⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Here_Are_150_Fake_Android_Apps_to_Delete_From_Your
                        Phone_|_Tech.co⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ ‘AbstractEmu’_Android_malware_seizes_total_control_of
                        your_phone_—_what_to_do_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Galaxy_Watch_4_review:_First_Android_smartwatch_I
                        would_actually_buy!_|_NextPit⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Asus_Zen_UI_guide:_Everything_you_need_to_know_–
                        Android_Authority⠀⇛


          o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾


                # ⚓ 7_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_JSON_Tools⠀⇛


                       JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a standard,
                       popular and lightweight data text-oriented format
                       based on JavaScript object syntax to represent
                       structured data. You can use JSON independently of
                       JavaScript, but it strongly resembles JavaScript
                       object literal syntax, and several programming
                       environments can interpret (parse) and create JSON.


                       JSON is often adopted in web services and APIs —
                       enabling web applications to transfer and retrieve
                       data with a common format. JSON can be used with
                       many modern programming languages. JSON is
                       considered one of the popular, easiest, and
                       lightweight and formats used for interaction
                       between services.


                       JSON has attracted the attention of tool builders,
                       who have created a variety of tools for
                       reformatting, validating, and parsing JSON.


                # § Events⠀➾


                      # ⚓ CloudStack_Collaboration_Conference_2021_–_8-12
                        November_2021⠀⇛


                             CloudStack Collaboration Conference 2021 – 8-
                             12 November 2021


                             For the 9th year running, the global Apache
                             CloudStack community will be holding its
                             major event —CloudStack Collaboration
                             Conference— on 8-12 November 2021. Due to the
                             pandemic, the event will take place virtually
                             to enable even more people interested in
                             CloudStack technology to learn about its
                             latest features, capabilities, and
                             integrations.


                             Тhe 2021 edition of the CloudStack
                             Collaboration Conference starts with a full
                             hackathon day on 8 November. The next 4 days
                             acome with numerous exciting technical talks,
                             as well as 5 different workshops that will
                             provide newcomers an in-depth overview of the
                             power of CloudStack technology. A separate
                             track focused on user success stories is
                             expected to be an engaging draw, where
                             attendees will learn about the CloudStack
                             implementations in companies that include NTT
                             Data, CloudOps, EWERK, Cloud.ca, and more.


                             [...]


                             Apache CloudStack originated in 2008 as a
                             start-up project at Cloud.com, and rapidly
                             evolved through the years to become a favored
                             turnkey solution for Cloud builders, IaaS
                             providers, telcos, and enterprises.
                             CloudStack entered the Apache Incubator in
                             2012 and graduated as an Apache Top-Level
                             Project in 2013, backed by a vibrant, diverse
                             community of engineers, DevOps, Cloud
                             architects, and C-level leaders united with
                             the aim of advancing the Apache CloudStack
                             project and its community.


                # § Web Browsers⠀➾


                      # § Mozilla⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Firefox_94_To_Start_Using_EGL_On_Linux_–_Better
                              Performance,_Lower_Power_Use⠀⇛


                            # ⚓ Firefox_94_comes_with_EGL_on_X11⠀⇛


                                   Firefox 94 is coming out next week and
                                   brings awesome news. OpenGL EGL backend
                                   its enabled by default on Intel/AMD and
                                   recent Mesa for users on X11.


                                   Historically Linux comes with GLX
                                   (OpenGL X11 extension) but that era is
                                   finally ending and we’re moving forward
                                   to EGL which promises all the goodness
                                   you can expect from modern graphics
                                   subsystem…or you can create a texture
                                   over graphics memory at least.


                                   I’ll keep aside all EGL / GLX
                                   difference and focus to changes from
                                   user perspective. GLX is old, well
                                   debugged and tied closely to X11 which
                                   means seamless experience and wide
                                   support by gfx drivers (like
                                   proprietary NVIDIA ones). It’s used by
                                   most X11 applications and ‘just works’.


                # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Amazon_Opens_the_Code_for_Babelfish,_Extensions_to
                        Replace_MS_SQL_Server_with_PostgreSQL⠀⇛


                             Amazon has opened the original texts of the
                             draft ” Babelfish for PostgreSQL “, proposing
                             an extension to the PostgreSQL database with
                             the implementation of specific capabilities
                             database Microsoft SQL Server. The key goal
                             of the project is to provide the ability to
                             run applications written for SQL Server on
                             servers running PostgreSQL. The project code
                             is open under Apache 2.0 and PostgreSQL
                             License.


                             Babelfish supports the network protocol used
                             to connect clients to SQL Server, the T-SQL
                             language and SQL Server-specific query
                             language extensions, which allows you to
                             translate running applications from Microsoft
                             SQL Server to PostgreSQL without modifying
                             their code or with minimal changes and
                             without replacing drivers to the DBMS … For
                             applications, Babelfish looks like a regular
                             SQL Server. The project is already in use on
                             Amazon Aurora.


                      # ⚓ A_Puzzling_Performance_Problem⠀⇛


                             During the troubleshooting phase; it was
                             clear that the CPU queue was going high while
                             it shouldn’t have! This was causing the poor
                             system performance. The only fact that
                             brought to mind the idea of enhancing CPU
                             performance by setting the tuned profile to
                             throughput-performance , thus forcing the
                             CPUs to work at maximum performance, was
                             https://github.com/redhat-performance/tuned/
                             blob/master/profiles/throughput-performance/
                             tuned.conf.


                             After enabling this profile, the system
                             performance improved, and the CPU queue
                             became empty in a few seconds!


                # § FSF⠀➾


                      # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Software_Freedom_Conservancy_Takes_On_Vizio_in
                              Lawsuit_Alleging_GPL_Violations⠀⇛


                                   The Software Freedom Conservancy
                                   announced that it is suing Vizio, an
                                   American TV manufacturer, for what it
                                   alleges are “repeated failures to
                                   fulfill even the basic requirements of
                                   the General Public License (GPL).”


                                   The 501(c)(3) charity organization is a
                                   non-profit that provides infrastructure
                                   support for free and open source
                                   software projects, defending users’
                                   rights under copyleft licenses and the
                                   GPL. A few of its member projects
                                   include BusyBox, Git, Homebrew,
                                   OpenWrt, and phpMyAdmin. As part of its
                                   mission, the Conservancy assists member
                                   projects in enforcing the terms of
                                   FLOSS licenses, including through
                                   litigation.


                            # ⚓ Mastodon_puts_Trump’s_social_network_on_notice
                              for_improperly_using_its_code⠀⇛


                                   Mastodon has sent former President
                                   Donald Trump’s company a formal
                                   notification that it’s breaking the
                                   rules by using Mastodon’s open-source
                                   code to build its social network, named
                                   Truth. This news comes from a blog post
                                   by Mastodon’s founder Eugen Rochko, but
                                   others have previously pointed out that
                                   the organization behind Truth, the
                                   Trump Media and Technology Group (or
                                   TMTG), was violating Mastodon’s
                                   software license by not providing the
                                   source code for the site built on top
                                   of it. Trump’s group has 30 days from
                                   when the letter was sent to comply with
                                   the license or stop using the software,
                                   or it could lose the right to do so.


                            # ⚓ Trump’s_Truth_Social_Could_Have_Software
                              License_Revoked_Unless_Source_Code_Made_Public⠀⇛


                                   Trump announced his new social media
                                   site, Truth Social, last week, touting
                                   the platform as a new beacon of free
                                   expression online. Truth Social’s terms
                                   of use claim that “all” its source code
                                   is its “proprietary property,” but
                                   users quickly noticed that the site
                                   clearly used Mastodon code.


                                   Mastodon is an open-source social media
                                   framework that aims to allow people to
                                   create online platforms without relying
                                   on big tech. However, its AGPLv3
                                   license requires users to make the
                                   source code and any modifications
                                   public. In the Friday blog post,
                                   Mastodon’s founder, Eugen Rochko, said
                                   that his company had warned Truth
                                   Social that its license could be
                                   permanently revoked within a month if
                                   it does not comply with this
                                   requirement.


                            # ⚓ GPL_Open_Source_Litigation_Could_Open_the_Door
                              to_Other_Suits [Ed: Litigation lawyers like these
                              ones are hostile towards sharing; they have
                              spread_this_widely. So lawyers that hate Free
                              software, love Microsoft, love software patents,
                              and want lots of litigation… dislike the GPL. By
                              means of reverse psychology we can deduce GPL is
                              very effective against bad people.]⠀⇛


                                   In today’s digital age, the question
                                   isn’t whether there is open source
                                   software being used in a company’s
                                   products, but how it is being used and
                                   what license governs its use. Open
                                   source is ubiquitous. Despite its
                                   widespread use over the past decade,
                                   the provisions of open source licenses
                                   have been interpreted by only a handful
                                   of U.S. and foreign courts. Open
                                   source-related disputes do not usually
                                   reach court as open source advocacy
                                   groups that enforce open source license
                                   provisions often work out a resolution
                                   between the parties without litigation.


                                   However, one recent open source dispute
                                   has reached the courthouse. As
                                   discussed below, a new case filed in
                                   California state court could test the
                                   enforcement of one of the most common
                                   family of open source licenses, the GNU
                                   General Public Licenses or “GPL.” If
                                   the plaintiff is successful, the case
                                   could have the effect of expanding
                                   enforcement of GPL licenses under the
                                   rubric of consumer protection and allow
                                   a broad range of parties to bring
                                   claims under the GPL as third party
                                   beneficiaries of those licenses.


                # § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾


                      # § Open Access/Content⠀➾


                            # ⚓ The_Internet_Archive_Transforms_Access_to_Books
                              in_a_Digital_World⠀⇛


                                   The Archive is a nonprofit digital
                                   library that has had one guiding
                                   mission for almost 25 years: to provide
                                   universal access to all knowledge.
                                   Democratizing access to books is a
                                   central part of that mission. That’s
                                   why the Archive has been working with
                                   other libraries for almost a decade to
                                   digitize and lend books via Controlled
                                   Digital Lending (CDL).


                                   This service has been especially
                                   crucial during the pandemic, but will
                                   be needed long afterwards.


                                   CDL allows people to check out digital
                                   copies of books for two weeks or less,
                                   and only permits patrons to check out
                                   as many digital copies as the Archive
                                   and its partner libraries physically
                                   own. Lending happens on an “own to
                                   loan” basis—if a digital copy is
                                   checked out to a patron, the physical
                                   copy is unavailable to other patrons as
                                   well. CDL does use DRM to enforce that
                                   limited access, but it is still true
                                   that anyone with an Internet connection
                                   can read digital versions of the great
                                   works of human history.


                      # ⚓ As_Open_Access_Week_2021_Draws_to_a_Close,_the_UK
                        Prepares_to_Host_COP26⠀⇛


                             As International Open Access Week (25 – 31
                             October) draws to a close, the UK prepares to
                             welcome the world to the COP26 summit (31
                             October – 12 November). Creative Commons CEO,
                             Catherine Stihler, says the UK has the
                             opportunity to unlock digital democracy if
                             the government invests in and commits to open
                             software, openly licensed content, research
                             and data.


          o § Programming/Development⠀➾


                # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_dang_0.0.15:_Small_Correction⠀⇛


                       A bug-fix release of the dang package arrived at
                       CRAN a little while ago. The dang package regroups
                       a few functions of mine that had no other home as
                       for example lsos() from a StackOverflow question
                       from 2009 (!!), the overbought/oversold price band
                       plotter from an older blog post, the market monitor
                       from the last release as well the checkCRANStatus()
                       function tweeted about by Tim Taylor.


                # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_td_0.0.5_on_CRAN:_New_Reference
                  Accessors⠀⇛


                       The td package for accessing the twelvedata API for
                       financial data has been updated on CRAN to version
                       0.0.5.


                       This is version is mostly the work of Kenneth who
                       suggested to add accessors for reference data, and
                       then did just that. So if you already use td, good
                       news as you now have nine or so more functions
                       getting data for you!


                # ⚓ A_simple_CSS_trick_for_dark_mode⠀⇛


                       You’re likely already familiar with media queries.
                       They’re in widespread use for making websites
                       responsive. The width and height properties contain
                       the viewport’s dimensions. You then use CSS to
                       render different layouts at different dimensions.


                       The prefers-color-scheme media query works the same
                       way. The user can configure their operating system
                       to use a light or dark theme. Prefers-color-scheme
                       contains that value. The value is either light or
                       dark, though the W3C spec states that it might
                       support future values like sepia. I specify
                       different values of CSS variables for both modes
                       and let the user’s OS decide.


                # ⚓ Print_a_Halloween_greeting_with_ASCII_art_on_Linux_|
                  Opensource.com⠀⇛


                       Full-color ASCII art used to be quite popular on
                       DOS, which could leverage the extended ASCII
                       character set and its collection of drawing
                       elements. You can add a little visual interest to
                       your next FreeDOS program by adding ASCII art as a
                       cool “welcome” screen or as a colorful “exit”
                       screen with more information about the program.


                       But this style of ASCII art isn’t limited just to
                       FreeDOS applications. You can use the same method
                       in a Linux terminal-mode program. While Linux uses
                       ncurses to control the screen instead of DOS’s
                       conio, the related concepts apply well to Linux
                       programs. This article looks at how to generate
                       colorful ASCII art from a C program.


                # ⚓ Announcing_marked-it_v2:_Transform_your_Markdown_source
                  into_HTML5_output⠀⇛


                       marked-it is an open source generator that
                       transforms Markdown source into HTML5 output.
                       Created by IBM, marked-it adds to the basic
                       Markdown markup with extensions that make your
                       content web-ready.


                       In marked-it version 2.0, we refactored the code to
                       make it easier for users to code, customize, and
                       contribute their own enhancements to the project.


                # ⚓ Commercial_LTS_Qt_5.15.7_Released⠀⇛


                       We have released Qt 5.15.7 LTS for commercial
                       license holders today. As a patch release, Qt
                       5.15.7 does not add any new functionality but
                       provides bug fixes and other improvements.


                # ⚓ Qt_Creator_6_–_CMake_update⠀⇛


                       Qt Creator 6 comes with bug fixes and new features
                       that affect CMake projects.


                # ⚓ RAII_Footguns_in_Rust_and_C++⠀⇛


                       RAII classes are often used to keep resources alive
                       or hold locks for a given scope. There observable
                       side-effects usually occur only in the constructor
                       and destructor. However, it is quite easy in both
                       languages to forget a tiny detail that will lead to
                       the RAII object being destroyed too early


                # § Perl/Raku⠀➾


                      # ⚓ My_Favorite_Warnings:_redefine⠀⇛


                             Sooner or later any programmer, writing in
                             any language, will run across something like
                             this Perl warning: Subroutine foo redefined.
                             This is telling you that somehow, somewhere,
                             you tried to create two subroutines with the
                             same name.


                # § Python⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Things_to_do_in_Python_3_when_your_Unix_standard
                        input_is_badly_encoded⠀⇛


                             Today I had a little adventure with Python 3.
                             I have a program that takes standard input,
                             reads and lightly processes a bunch of
                             headers before writing them out, then just
                             copies the body (of an email message, as it
                             happens) from standard input to standard
                             output. Normally it gets well formed input,
                             with no illegally encoded UTF-8. Today, there
                             were some stray bytes and the world blew up.
                             Dealing with this was far harder than it
                             should have been, partly because the
                             documentation has issues.


                # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Bash_String_Manipulation⠀⇛


                             One thing that bash is excellent at is
                             manipulating strings of text. If you’re at
                             the command line or writing a small script,
                             then knowing some bash string idioms can be a
                             lot of help.


                             So in this article, I’m going to go over
                             techniques for working with strings in bash.


    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Cry_the_Beloved_Country:_The_Roots_Poetry_of_Tijan_M._Sallah⠀⇛


                 Since then The Gambia has had a stormy political life,
                 some of which is reflected in the poetry of Tijan M.
                 Sallah, who was born in The Gambia in 1958, a year after
                 Ghana gained independence from Great Britain and Kwame
                 Nkrumah became the first president of the independent
                 nation. For a small nation, The Gambia has produced large
                 number of exceptional poets such as bah momodoup (no
                 capitals) and Marabi Amfaal Hydara who has been called
                 “the humanitarian poet.”


                 Sallah, who was educated in the U.S and who has a Ph.D
                 from Virginia Polytechnic Institute, is the best known
                 Gambian poet both inside and outside The Gambia. For two
                 decades he was the lead operations officer at the World
                 Bank. He has published five volumes of poetry, plus short
                 stories, criticism, a biography of the famed Nigerian
                 novelist, Chinua Achebe, and a work of ethnography about
                 the Wolof people who live in Senegal, Mauritania and The
                 Gambia. Now 63 years old and conscious of aging—see the
                 poems “Growing Old” and “Meditation on White Hair”
                 —Sallah, it seems, would like to be remembered as a
                 writer as much if not more than for his work at the World
                 Bank.


          o ⚓ Do_We_Need_Faith_as_the_World_Feels_Like_It’s_Ending?⠀⇛


                 I’m writing this while on the road with the Caravan of
                 Mothers of Missing Migrants, a collective whose children
                 were disappeared on the migrant trail by cartels,
                 government agents, or traffickers. For these women, the
                 world has already ended. It ends every time they wake up
                 and confront life without their children. Subscribe to
                 The Nation Subscribe now for as little as $2 a month!
                 Get The Nation’s Weekly NewsletterFridays. The best of
                 the week. By signing up, you confirm that you are over
                 the age of 16 and agree to receive occasional promotional
                 offers for programs that support The Nation’s journalism.
                 You can read our Privacy Policy here.


          o ⚓ Graying,_Gen_X_and_Generational_Leapfrog⠀⇛


                 It means more than you think.


                 Girls can go gray as young as age 13. Teens who go
                 prematurely silver are abandoning what would have been
                 the standard shame-based response of the past, racing to
                 buy hair dye. Now gray-haired teens and twentysomethings
                 are joining their black- and red-haired, blonde and
                 brunette brethren—and what would have prompted stares a
                 decade ago suddenly seems normal.


          o ⚓ No_Time_To_Think:_The_Changing_Geopolitics_of_International
            Blockbusters⠀⇛


                 One effect of this narrative style is to put more
                 emphasis on the story of Bond and less on the usual
                 geopolitics and action we associate with Bond films. Now
                 this is very interesting considering that if one was to
                 ask oneself: which country would be the most likely
                 target and villain of the latest Bond film as a cultural
                 representative of the world’s imperialist and neo-
                 colonial powers? It would have to be: China.


                 Who’s bad?


          o ⚓ My_Surreal_Encounter_With_Mort_Sahl⠀⇛


                 I first met Mort in a little jazz club (maybe, 60-70
                 people, max) in Hollywood, in 1985.  He was booked
                 Thursday to Sunday.  We attended Thursday night,
                 positively loved him, then tried to return on Friday, but
                 Mort refused to perform unless a minimum of 20 people
                 showed up, so we went to see him on Saturday.  Don
                 Rickles gets 800 people in Las Vegas, but Mort Sahl can’t
                 even get 20 people to show up!!?


                 While he was waiting to do his act on Saturday, I took a
                 chance.  With him sitting in a pantry among the canned
                 goods and booze (this man, this comedy legend, didn’t
                 even have his own goddamn dressing room!), I busted in on
                 him…literally.  Not expecting him, Mort was visibly
                 startled when I entered.


          o ⚓ The_Faintest_Hint_Of_Regulatory_Accountability_Has_Tesla_Acting
            Like_An_Adult⠀⇛


                 Coming from telecom, I’m painfully aware of the perils of
                 the “deregulation is a panacea” mindset. For literally
                 thirty straight years, the idea that deregulation results
                 in some kind of miraculous Utopia informed U.S. telecom
                 policy, resulting in a sector that was increasingly
                 consolidated and uncompetitive. In short, the entirety of
                 U.S. telecom policy (with the short lived sporadic
                 exception) has been to kowtow to regional telecom
                 monopolies. Efforts to do absolutely anything other than
                 that (see: net neutrality, privacy, etc.) are met with
                 immeasurable hyperventilation and predictions of imminent
                 doom.


          o ⚓ She’s_On_a_Roll⠀⇛


                 As we see, Prerna’s family is a member of the lower
                 caste, part of a social order with an upper
                 caste that rules the social roost. (In the view of author
                 and scholar Oliver C. Cox, the Indian caste system and
                 American racial stratification were so different that the
                 former cannot explain the latter.)


                 As Skater Girl opens, we discover that while Prerna does
                 not attend the local school, her brother does. Male
                 privilege can and does begin at an early age. Eventually,
                 she does return to school. This part of the film speaks
                 volumes about female equality and opportunity under
                 patriarchy, or male dominance over females. This social
                 order persists near and far, to the detriment of half of
                 humanity.


          o ⚓ Meadows’s_Delay_to_Comply_With_Jan._6_Subpoena_May_Lead_to
            Contempt_Charges⠀⇛


          o ⚓ “A_Pivotal_Change”:_Economist_Darrick_Hamilton_on_What_the_Build
            Back_Better_Act_Could_Accomplish⠀⇛


                 Democrats in Washington remain divided over two key bills
                 at the center of President Biden’s domestic agenda: a $1
                 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill and the $1.85
                 trillion Build Back Better plan, which has been cut down
                 from $3.5 trillion. Even though Biden’s latest framework
                 is almost half the size of the original proposal,
                 conservative Democratic Senators Joe Manchin of West
                 Virginia and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona are still refusing
                 to commit to its passage. The new proposal strips out
                 several key provisions, including paid family leave, free
                 community college, expanded Medicare coverage for dental
                 and vision, and prescription drug reform. Key elements
                 still in the framework include provisions to provide
                 universal pre-K education, an expanded child tax credit
                 for another year, affordable child care, affordable
                 housing, free school meals, expanded Medicare for hearing
                 services, as well as $555 billion in climate initiatives.
                 Economist Darrick Hamilton, founding director of the
                 Institute on Race, Power and Political Economy at The New
                 School, says that despite the smaller size of the
                 package, it would still transform the U.S. economy after
                 decades of austerity and budget cuts. “This is a pivotal
                 change,” he says.


          o ⚓ Opinion_|_America’s_Killer_Diet⠀⇛


                 My title is not hyperbole. I sure wish it were.


          o ⚓ Help_us_Beat_the_Devil⠀⇛


                 Yet, here I am, doing the very thing I despise the most.


                 It’s interesting the things you will do when your back is
                 against a wall, and that’s exactly the position
                 CounterPunch finds itself in. We are in a financial
                 pickle. In our case, we are talking about survival, and
                 what the future of our modest, independent media
                 operation will look like.


          o ⚓ Forget_Twitter_Threads;_Write_A_Blog_Post_Instead!⠀⇛


                 All of the kool kids in Twitter land seem to be jumping
                 on the bandwagon of a very annoying craze. Twitter
                 threads. Please stop; write a blog post instead.


          o ⚓ Seven_Year_Itch_and_the_House_of_Seven_Gables:_A_Halloween_Tale⠀⇛


                 Jeff and Laura stood in the graveyard with their Irish
                 Setters, Ginger Rogers and Freud Austere, the bitches
                 steaming after a long trot down, then back up Hathorne
                 Hill, on a late autumn afternoon in Danvers, the dying
                 trees full of majestic color exploded all around them,
                 carping. Always carping and carrying on, scratching-and-
                 sniffing at each other all day long, like they couldn’t
                 wait to get to The Seven Year Itch, the anticipated scent
                 of new feral moans seemingly driving them forward
                 together and apart. They were in year six of their
                 marriage, the same age as their twin daughters, Laura
                 (I), named after her mother, and Anne, named after their
                 Dad’s paternal grandmother. And therein was the Rub: Who
                 would get the kids in the split up ahead? Laura wanted
                 Jeff to take them; Jeff preferred the traditional alimony
                 and child support route instead. They were discussing
                 this situation now.


                 “You’re so selfish sometimes, Jeff,” said Laura, haughty
                 from the left. “Why can’t you take them? I’m so busy. You
                 work from home. You can have the house if you keep the
                 kids.”


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ Plos_One_retracts_article_tied_to_MIT_and_Epstein⠀⇛


                       Plos One, in a notice of retraction, cited a series
                       of concerns about accuracy and replicability in the
                       article by authors at MIT and the University of
                       Texas at Austin who promised a breakthrough
                       technology in cyber-agriculture.


          o § Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ Florida_Program_to_Aid_Brain-Damaged_Kids_Often_Told
                  Families_No._It’s_Promising_to_Change.⠀⇛


                       In what would mark a major reversal, Florida’s
                       program for children born with severe brain damage
                       is poised to drop a much-despised policy requiring
                       parents seeking therapy and medicine for their kids
                       to try to get it first from the state’s health care
                       safety net for poor people.


                       Under the existing policy, the Florida Birth-
                       Related Neurological Injury Compensation
                       Association, or NICA, will only provide services or
                       supplies if Medicaid says no and then only after
                       all appeals fail — a bureaucratic gantlet that can
                       take months.


          o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾


                # ⚓ It’s_Time_to_End_Murder_by_Spreadsheet⠀⇛


                       There have been 13 deaths at Rikers Island this
                       year already, while white-collar criminals rarely
                       even get ankle bracelets as they await trial. This
                       month, as the Chamber of Commerce amped up its
                       campaign to stall legislation that would hold the
                       Sackler family accountable for the deaths they
                       caused and profited from by encouraging the over-
                       prescribing of opioid drugs, a poor man in a
                       wheelchair was killed by Covid. He’d been charged
                       with gun possession and became the 13th Rikers’
                       death because he couldn’t afford $100,000 bail.


                # ⚓ Progressives_Say_‘It’s_Not_Too_Late’_to_Prevent_Big_Pharma
                  From_Destroying_Democrats’_Drug_Price_Promise⠀⇛


                       While expressing their frustration with the gutting
                       of President Joe Biden’s agenda to tax corporations
                       and the wealthy to fund expanded public benefits
                       and climate action, healthcare advocates are
                       stressing that there is still an opportunity for
                       progressive lawmakers to fight for the inclusion of
                       expanded Medicare benefits and lower drug prices in
                       the Democratic Party’s not-yet-finalized
                       reconciliation bill.


                       “Democrats still have a huge opportunity to deliver
                       on a promise they have been making for decades to
                       lower drug prices.”


                # ⚓ FDA_Approves_Pfizer_Covid-19_Vaccine_for_Emergency_Use_in
                  Kids_Age_5_to_11⠀⇛


                # ⚓ As_Pharma_Cash_Rained_Down,_Sinema_Killed_Democrats’
                  Prescription_Drug_Plan⠀⇛


                # ⚓ ‘End_the_Pandemic…_Share_the_Vaccines!’:_All-Night_Vigil
                  Held_Outside_House_of_Top_Biden_Covid-19_Official⠀⇛


                       A group of social justice advocates staged an
                       overnight vigil Thursday into Friday outside the
                       home of top White House coronavirus official Jeff
                       Zients urging the Biden administration to take
                       greater actions to “vaccinate the world.”


                       “We rallied today, we marched, we spoke, and we
                       visited Jeff Zients to make it clear to this
                       administration that this pandemic will not end
                       until we take global action,” said Vinay Krishnan,
                       Center for Popular Democracy Action’s national
                       field organizer, in a statement.


                # ⚓ America’s_Food_Safety_System_Failed_to_Stop_a_Salmonella
                  Epidemic._It’s_Still_Making_People_Sick.⠀⇛


                       In May 2018, a rare and virulent strain of
                       salmonella caught the attention of America’s top
                       disease detectives. In less than two months, the
                       bacteria had sickened more than a dozen people,
                       nearly all of them on the East Coast. Many said
                       they’d eaten chicken, and federal food safety
                       inspectors found the strain in chicken breasts,
                       sausages and wings during routine sampling at
                       poultry plants.


                       But what seemed like a straightforward outbreak
                       soon took a mystifying turn. Cases surfaced as far
                       away as Texas and Missouri. A 1-year-old boy from
                       Illinois and a 105-year-old woman from West
                       Virginia fell ill. There was a teenager who’d just
                       returned from a service trip in the Dominican
                       Republic and a woman who’d traveled to Nicaragua.
                       But there were also people who hadn’t traveled at
                       all.


                # ⚓ “They_Deserve_to_Be_Safe”:_Candidates_Call_on_Florida_to
                  Investigate_the_Health_Effects_of_Sugar_Cane_Burning⠀⇛


                       Florida Democrats running to represent the state’s
                       largest sugar-growing region in Congress say that
                       state officials need to examine whether the
                       industry’s harvesting practices are harming the
                       health of residents in Florida’s heartland. The
                       primary election, which will be held Tuesday, will
                       likely decide the ultimate winner, given the
                       heavily Democratic district.


                       The calls came in response to an investigation by
                       The Palm Beach Post and ProPublica that found the
                       Florida Department of Health ignored the
                       recommendations of its own researchers to do such
                       an assessment five years ago, despite mounting
                       complaints from residents and multiple studies
                       linking a practice known as cane burning to toxic
                       pollution. Sugar companies are the largest
                       employers in the region.


                # ⚓ Food_Contaminated_With_Drug-Resistant_Salmonella_Strain
                  Continues_to_Be_Sold⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Documents_reveal_Facebook_targeted_children_as_young_as_6
                  for_consumer_base⠀⇛


                       In the internal blog post published April 9, the
                       author wrote that the company planned to hire
                       several positions as it expanded into offering its
                       full range of products to children younger than its
                       current threshold of 13 years old. Diagrams
                       illustrate proposed new target age groups, ranging
                       from kids 6 to 9 years old and tweens 10 to 12
                       years old — along with existing targets of early
                       teens from 13 to 15 years old, late teens from 16
                       to 17 years old, and adults.


                       “These five age groups can be used to define
                       education, transparency, controls and defaults that
                       will meet the needs of young users,” wrote the
                       Facebook employee.


          o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾


                # § Proprietary⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Ransomware_Has_Disrupted_Almost_1,000_Schools_in_the
                        US_This_Year [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛


                             But it is less often reported that,
                             ransomware attacks have also ravaged U.S.
                             schools. So far this year, almost 1,000
                             schools across the country have suffered from
                             a ransomware attack, and in some cases had
                             classes disrupted because of it, according to
                             tallies by Emsisoft, a cybersecurity company
                             that specializes in tracking and
                             investigating ransomware attacks, and another
                             cybersecurity firm Recorded Future.


                      # ⚓ “Public”_Private_Cobalt_Strike_Keys [iophk: Windows
                        TCO]⠀⇛


                             If you want to integrated these 6 keys in
                             your own tools: be my guest. You can find
                             these key pairs in 1768.json.


                      # ⚓ Cobalt_Strike:_Using_Known_Private_Keys_To_Decrypt
                        Traffic_–_Part_1 [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛


                             We found 6 private keys for rogue Cobalt
                             Strike software, enabling C2 network traffic
                             decryption.


                      # ⚓ Cobalt_Strike:_Using_Known_Private_Keys_To_Decrypt
                        Traffic_–_Part_2 [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛


                             In this blog post, we will analyze a Cobalt
                             Strike infection by looking at a full packet
                             capture that was taken during the infection.
                             This analysis includes decryption of the C2
                             traffic.


                      # ⚓ Accenture_lost_‘proprietary_information’_in_summer
                        ransomware_attack [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛


                             The SEC filing filed Friday provides
                             additional detail on a breach the company
                             first discovered on July 30 and disclosed in
                             early August. The disclosure coincided with
                             the ransomware gang LockBit 2.0 leaking
                             information from the consulting giant after
                             saying Accenture failed to pay a $50 million
                             ransom by its deadline.


                      # ⚓ Africa_sees_increase_in_ransomware,_botnet_attacks_–
                        but_online_scams_still_pose_biggest_threat⠀⇛


                             The study (PDF), published by Interpol
                             yesterday (October 25), found that internet-
                             enabled fraud was the biggest risk to African
                             countries, which have reported a sharp
                             increase in the number of online banking
                             scams, including instances of banking and
                             credit card fraud, in 2021.


                      # ⚓ Video:_C_Programming_on_System_6_–_Amend_Revision
                        Control_System⠀⇛


                             It’s been almost a year since my last
                             confessional video. A few weeks ago I started
                             working on a small revision control system to
                             handle my C projects developed on my Mac and
                             it’s now at the point where I can at least
                             manage commits to the tool itself.


                      # ⚓ Disabling_ssh_password_auth_on_Monterey_is
                        different⠀⇛


                             If you’re riding the bleeding edge of Mac
                             software updates, you might have just
                             installed Monterey, or you will soon. If
                             you’re also running sshd so you can log in
                             remotely, you should be aware that the
                             typical “revert your config” shenanigans have
                             happened, so you are once again accepting
                             password authentication, and thus are subject
                             to a brute-force attack.


                      # § Security⠀➾


                            # ⚓ Hive_ransomware_now_encrypts_Linux_and_FreeBSD
                              systems [Ed: Microsoft boosters trying to prop up
                              this idea that UNIX is the ransomware target [1,
                              2, 3, 4]; Slashdot now helps_these_Microsoft
                              boostesr.]⠀⇛


                                   The Hive ransomware gang now also
                                   encrypts Linux and FreeBSD using new
                                   malware variants specifically developed
                                   to target these platforms.


                                   However, as Slovak internet security
                                   firm ESET discovered, Hive’s new
                                   encryptors are still in development and
                                   still lack functionality.


                            # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                                  # ⚓ Swiss_Court_Says_ProtonMail_Isn’t_A
                                    Telecom,_Isn’t_Obligated_To_Retain_Data_On
                                    Users⠀⇛


                                         ProtonMail offers encrypted
                                         email, something that suggests
                                         it’s more privacy conscious than
                                         others operating in the same
                                         arena. But, being located in
                                         Switzerland, it’s subject to that
                                         country’s laws. That has caused
                                         some friction between its privacy
                                         protection claims and its
                                         obligations to the Swiss
                                         government, which, earlier this
                                         year, rubbed French activists the
                                         wrong way when their IP addresses
                                         were handed over to French
                                         authorities.


                                  # ⚓ AOC_calls_Facebook_a_‘cancer_to
                                    democracy’_after_Meta_rebrand⠀⇛


                                         Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-
                                         NY) called Facebook a “cancer to
                                         democracy” in a tweet on Thursday
                                         shortly after the company
                                         announced that it was changing
                                         its corporate name to Meta to
                                         better represent its focus on
                                         building the metaverse.


                                         “Meta as in “we are a cancer to
                                         democracy metastasizing into a
                                         global surveillance and
                                         propaganda machine for boosting
                                         authoritarian regimes and
                                         destroying civil society… for
                                         profit!” said Ocasio-Cortez on
                                         Thursday.


                                  # ⚓ Why_has_Facebook_changed_its_name_to_Meta
                                    and_what_is_the_metaverse?⠀⇛


                                         It is important to note that
                                         Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram
                                         will all be keeping their names.
                                         But the company that produces and
                                         maintains them will now be called
                                         Meta – similar to Google’s 2015
                                         corporate restructuring into a
                                         parent company called Alphabet.
                                         Facebook (the company) even
                                         changed the logo outside its
                                         building on 28 October.


                                  # ⚓ Meta:_Facebook’s_new_name_ridiculed_by
                                    Hebrew_speakers⠀⇛


                                         Facebook’s announcement that it
                                         is changing its name to Meta has
                                         caused quite the stir in Israel
                                         where the word sounds like the
                                         Hebrew word for “dead”.


                                         To be precise, Meta is pronounced
                                         like the feminine form of the
                                         Hebrew word.


                                         A number of people have taken to
                                         Twitter to share their take on
                                         the name under the hashtag
                                         #FacebookDead.


                                  # ⚓ Bias_in_FB_algorithm_a_serious_issue:
                                    Chandrasekhar⠀⇛


                                         Chandrasekhar said that the
                                         government is concerned about
                                         potential abuse and misuse of
                                         social media users, and wants
                                         that user safety be accorded
                                         primacy by internet giants such
                                         as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,
                                         Google, YouTube and others that
                                         operate across the online space
                                         in India. “The issue of bias in
                                         algorithms is a serious issue for
                                         governments, consumers and
                                         regulators all over the world.
                                         Our jurisprudence and laws and
                                         regulations must — sometime in
                                         the future — be able to address
                                         this issue,” Chandrasekhar told
                                         TOI, in the first official
                                         comment by the government
                                         following the global outrage over
                                         Haugen’s revelations that the
                                         Mark Zuckerbergled Facebook and
                                         his company Instagram had been
                                         cavalier about user safety as
                                         they chased profits and neglected
                                         algorithms that fuelled hate.


                                  # ⚓ Facebook_Is_Now_Meta._And_It_Wants_to
                                    Monetize_Your_Whole_Existence.⠀⇛


                                         On Thursday, Facebook changed its
                                         name to Meta, as part of a
                                         broader shift toward the so-
                                         called metaverse — a network of
                                         interconnected experiences partly
                                         accessed through virtual reality
                                         (VR) headsets and augmented
                                         reality (AR) devices. In
                                         Zuckerberg’s own words, “you can
                                         think about the metaverse as an
                                         embodied internet, where instead
                                         of just viewing content — you are
                                         in it.” The most recognizable
                                         examples of this in action are
                                         virtual office meetings with VR
                                         goggles, playing games in an
                                         expansive online universe, and
                                         accessing a digital layer on top
                                         of the real world through AR.


                                         As owner of Facebook, Instagram,
                                         WhatsApp, and the virtual reality
                                         firm Oculus, the holding company
                                         now known as Meta plans to create
                                         an interconnected world in which
                                         our work, life, and leisure all
                                         take place on its infrastructure
                                         — monetizing all aspects of our
                                         lives. For now, this is still the
                                         stuff of fantasy. Yet it’s also
                                         the fantasy of one of the most
                                         powerful men in the world — and
                                         for this reason, it deserves our
                                         attention.


                                  # ⚓ Facebook_stops_just_short_of_rebranding
                                    to_‘The_Web’⠀⇛


                                         By the time Meta figures out its
                                         metaverse business model, few
                                         people will use that word to
                                         describe any of this. It’ll sound
                                         strange in the same way “World
                                         Wide Web” does today.


                                         Meta would be like Microsoft
                                         changing its name to The Web in
                                         1999 — only, somehow, even worse.


                                  # ⚓ An_Interview_with_Mark_Zuckerberg_about
                                    the_Metaverse⠀⇛


                                         This interview was conducted on
                                         Tuesday, two days before the
                                         Facebook Connect keynote where
                                         Zuckerberg unveiled his vision
                                         for the metaverse, and announced
                                         his company’s new name: Meta.
                                         There were no limitations on the
                                         interview; it was my choice to
                                         focus on the company’s new vision
                                         and not the current controversies
                                         about Facebook.


                                         This interview is also available
                                         as a podcast; to listen in your
                                         podcast player register for a
                                         free Stratechery account and add
                                         your personal podcast feed.


                                  # ⚓ Facebook_and_the_Metaverse_with_Ryan
                                    Cristián⠀⇛


                                         Whitney and Ryan Cristian discuss
                                         the recent news of Facebook
                                         rebranding as a “metaverse”
                                         company and provide important
                                         background on what the metaverse
                                         is and what its ambitions really
                                         are.


                                  # ⚓ No_esKAPE_from_Kape?_Don’t_run_from_Five
                                    Eyes,_they_are_your_friends!_-“Private”
                                    Internet_Access⠀⇛


                                         Dodgy company KAPE has been on a
                                         VPN buying spree.


                                         ZeroHedge noticed this a while
                                         back and wrote an article about
                                         the people involved with the
                                         company.


                                         “The VPN Empire Built By
                                         Intelligence Agents”


                                         Now, Kape themselves have posted
                                         on one of their front companies,
                                         Private Internet Access, which
                                         was, I believe, the first to be
                                         quietly taken over, in 2019.


                                         They have a “Get the Facts” style
                                         campaign going about why there’s
                                         absolutely nothing to fear about
                                         US-based VPNs (after years of
                                         making it seem like they were
                                         based in the UK), and why Five
                                         Eyes is nothing to be concerned
                                         about.


                                         Which is, of course, bullshit.


                                         [...]


                                         After Roy Schestowitz brought my
                                         attention to this post, I double
                                         checked to make sure my PIA
                                         subscription was, in fact,
                                         canceled.


                                  # ⚓ Reality_2.0_Episode_90:_Can_Facebook_Be
                                    the_Good_Guy?⠀⇛


                                         New episode of the Reality 2.0
                                         podcast is uploaded and out
                                         today: Reality 2.0 Episode 90:
                                         Can Facebook Be the Good Guy?
                                         Tune in to our new episode!
                                         Katherine Druckman and Doc Searls
                                         talk to Shawn Powers and Petros
                                         Koutoupis about Facebook’s
                                         metaverse focus and whistleblower
                                         problems.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ Capitol_Police_Wrongly_Worried_About_Leftist
                  Counterprotesters_on_January_6⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Every_House_Member_Who_Aided_the_January_6_Rioters_Must_Be
                  Expelled⠀⇛


                       Congress should identify, investigate, and expel
                       members of the House and Senate who aided and
                       abetted the insurrectionists who stormed the US
                       Capitol in an effort to overturn the results of the
                       2020 election. That is the constitutionally
                       appropriate and practically necessary response to a
                       coup attempt that now appears to have involved not
                       just violent right-wing extremists from across the
                       country but also Republican representatives who
                       swore an oath to “support and defend the
                       Constitution of the United States against all
                       enemies, foreign and domestic.”


                # ⚓ What_Are_the_Prospects_for_Peace:_an_Interview_With_Dan
                  Kovalik⠀⇛


                       Dan Kovalik is the author of critically-acclaimed
                       No More War: How the West Violates International
                       Law by Using ‘Humanitarian’ Intervention to Advance
                       Economic and Strategic Interests, The Plot to
                       Scapegoat Russia, The Plot to Attack Iran, The Plot
                       to Control the World, and The Plot to Overthrow
                       Venezuela and has been a labor and human rights
                       lawyer since graduating from Columbia Law School in
                       1993. He has represented plaintiffs in ATS cases
                       arising out of egregious human rights abuses in
                       Colombia. He received the David W. Mills Mentoring
                       Fellowship from Stanford Law School, and has
                       lectured throughout the world. His responses below
                       are exactly as he provided.


                       The questions here are not philosophical or
                       abstract. They focus on the realities of the
                       international power struggle unfolding in real
                       time. They directly address the role of the U.S. in
                       the escalating tensions and its capacity to reduce
                       them. We also probe the role of everyday citizens
                       in affecting the relationship the U.S. now has and
                       will have with the rest of the world community.


                # ⚓ Psychology_of_the_Iraq_War⠀⇛


                       In 1895, Gustave Le Bon, a French social
                       psychologist, published “La psychologie des
                       foules,” a seminal book on crowd psychology that
                       became a classic in its genre and a basic source
                       for Sigmund Freud when he dealt with this subject.
                       Pertinent to this day, Le Bon´s ideas laid the
                       groundwork for hypotheses by later authors to
                       explain tragic historical events such as the role
                       of Nazi Germany in World War II.


                       Although Le Bon wrote mainly about the psychology
                       of crowds, his thoughts can also be applied to
                       populations. Though different, both share some
                       common characteristics. Crowds are transitory and
                       tend to gather because they are homogeneous in
                       their beliefs about specific subjects or events.
                       Populations are groups of people with different
                       ways of thinking, living in a place geographically
                       defined but who, similar to crowds, can be swayed
                       by mass media or by a leader.


                # ⚓ How_U.S._Interference_in_Cuba_Creates_a_False_Picture_of
                  Its_Society⠀⇛


                       A quick study of the Diario de Cuba website reveals
                       that it regularly publishes news relating to Marco
                       Rubio’s views against the Cuban government.
                       According to the Diario de Cuba article shared by
                       Rubio on the November 20 march, the initiative has
                       been promoted by a group called Archipiélago that
                       proposes to carry out such
                       peaceful demonstrations throughout Cuba. Rubio has
                       extended his support for the march and on September
                       29 tweeted about a request by the citizens of
                       Guantánamo seeking similar permission to hold a
                       march on November 20. In his tweet, he shared an
                       article from the news site CiberCuba, which is
                       operated from Florida and Spain. There
                       are several other news sites reporting on Cuba that
                       are funded by the United States government and by
                       foundations like the Open Society and NED,
                       including ADN Cuba, Cubanos por el Mundo, Cubita
                       NOW, CubaNet, El Estornudo, Periodismo de Barrio,
                       Tremenda Nota, El Toque, and YucaByte.


                       A wide range of these U.S. government-funded
                       websites and politicians such as Rubio have been
                       leading the propaganda to support more protests in
                       Cuba. On October 5, the U.S. administration of
                       President Joe Biden also provided support to this
                       agenda. The U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for
                       Western Hemisphere Brian Nichols tweeted, “The
                       fight for a free press and free expression
                       continues in Cuba.” Meanwhile, during an
                       event hosted by Georgetown Americas Institute, Juan
                       Gonzalez, the senior director for the Western
                       Hemisphere at the National Security Council,
                       criticized the Cuban government
                       for arresting artists and protesters. “[W]hen you
                       put artists in jail for singing and for demanding
                       freedom, there’s something wrong with you,”
                       he said.


                # ⚓ Fate_Like_a_Sandstorm:_Jordan_and_the_Middle_East⠀⇛


                       As fate would have it, these past 12 months have
                       seen so much chasing and adjusting for Jordan and
                       the mother of all political sandstorms has run
                       amok. Not only an alleged coup but aggressive
                       scrutiny over the Pandora Papers. They say
                       particles of sand vibrate in a sandstorm. Jordan
                       has been royally convulsing.


                       Every week King Abdullah of Jordan is under attack
                       in the media from some quarter or another. Last
                       week it was Quin Hillyer in the Washington
                       Examiner, showing particular disdain for Jordan’s
                       imprisonment of US citizen Bassem Awadallah, at the
                       same time as pointing out the country is receiving
                       $1.5 billion in aid from the US each year.


                # ⚓ US_Coalition_Calls_on_Biden_to_Denounce_Israel’s_Crackdown
                  on_Palestinian_Rights_Groups⠀⇛


                       A broad coalition of nearly 300 U.S.-based social
                       justice groups on Friday urged the Biden
                       administration to “immediately and unequivocally”
                       condemn the Israeli government’s recent decision to
                       classify a half-dozen Palestinian human rights
                       groups as “terrorist organizations.”


                       “Smearing the promotion and defense of human rights
                       as ‘terrorist’ activity is a dangerous, well-worn
                       tactic of authoritarian regimes.”


                # ⚓ ‘This_Sends_the_Wrong_Message’:_Biden_Blasted_for_New_Iran
                  Sanctions_Ahead_of_Nuclear_Talks⠀⇛


                       U.S. President Joe Biden faced criticism Friday for
                       imposing fresh sanctions on Iran as he heads into
                       weekend talks with European leaders prior to
                       potential direct negotiations with Tehran over the
                       nuclear deal ditched by his predecessor over three
                       years ago.


                       The U.S. Treasury Department announced the new
                       sanctions—which target individuals and companies
                       tied to Iran’s drone program—while the president
                       was in Rome for a Group of 20 summit, during which
                       he’s expected to discuss the Iranian nuclear
                       program with European attendees, according to Jake
                       Sullivan, Biden’s national security adviser.


                # ⚓ Ethiopia:_Assailed_by_Terrorists_and_Betrayed_by_the_West⠀⇛


                       Aided by mainstream western media – The Economist,
                       BBC, The Guardian, New York Times, Al Jazeera,
                       Facebook (who, according to former employer now
                       whistleblower, Frances Haugen, is “fanning ethnic
                       violence in Ethiopia”) and others – they have
                       spread misinformation and lies about the situation
                       inside Ethiopia. False accusations that Abiy’s
                       government is deliberately “starving its own
                       people”, “blocking humanitarian aid” from reaching
                       displaced groups and carrying out atrocities in the
                       region are widespread on such platforms.


                       They receive their information not from Ethiopian
                       journalists working on the ground, or well-informed
                       local people, but, it seems, from statements issued
                       by the US administration, UN agencies, external
                       organizations and TPLF spokespeople. The same
                       material is published or broadcast by each media
                       outlet, more or less. It is consistently untrue and
                       serves to undermine the Ethiopian government,
                       create confusion and strengthen the TPLF’s
                       campaign. What western governments don’t mention,
                       and consistently fail to condemn, are the
                       atrocities perpetrated by the TPLF.


                # ⚓ Who’s_Responsible_for_the_Rust_Shooting?⠀⇛


                       Reportage generally describes the shooting as an
                       “accident,” but it wasn’t. There are two kinds of
                       firearms discharges: Intentional and negligent.
                       This incident is no exception. But that doesn’t
                       mean the intent or negligence was wholly Baldwin’s.


                       Was the shooting intentional or negligent? And
                       whose intent or negligence contributed to it? From
                       afar, this looks like a complicated question.


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # ⚓ The_Centerpiece_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Climate_Plan_Has
                  Been_Stripped_Out⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Despite_Cutbacks,_ExxonMobil_Continues_to_Fund_Climate
                  Science_Denial⠀⇛


                       “Did we aggressively fight against some of the
                       science? Yes,” McCoy, then ExxonMobil’s senior
                       director of federal relations, said during the
                       interview. “Did we join some of these ‘shadow
                       groups’ to work against some of the early efforts?
                       Yes, that’s true. But there’s nothing illegal about
                       that. We were looking out for our investments. We
                       were looking out for our shareholders.”


                       For all his candor, McCoy got at least one thing
                       wrong. ExxonMobil did “join”—in other words,
                       pay—denier groups to spread disinformation to blunt
                       initial government attempts to curb carbon
                       emissions. But McCoy inaccurately used the past
                       tense. In fact, the company continues to fund them.


                # ⚓ Rain_Falls_on_California,_but_Water_Is_Still_Scarce⠀⇛


                # ⚓ In_Their_Own_Words:_The_Dirty_Dozen_Documents_of_Big_Oil’s
                  Secret_Climate_Knowledge⠀⇛


                       “Did we aggressively fight against some of the
                       science? Yes,” said ExxonMobil lobbyist Keith
                       McCoy. “Did we join some of these ‘shadow groups’
                       to work against some of the early efforts? Yes,
                       that’s true. But there’s nothing illegal about
                       that.”


                # ⚓ What_Big_Oil_Knew_About_Climate_Change,_in_Its_Own_Words⠀⇛


                       I pored over boxes of papers, thousands of pages. I
                       began to recognize typewriter fonts from the 1960s
                       and ‘70s and marveled at the legibility of past
                       penmanship, and got used to squinting when it
                       wasn’t so clear.


                       What those papers revealed is now changing our
                       understanding of how climate change became a
                       crisis.


                # § Energy⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Fossil_Fuel_Interests_Continue_to_Block_Climate
                        Action_in_Europe_Ahead_of_COP26⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Democrats_Will_Subpoena_Big_Oil_to_Force_Disclosure
                        of_Climate_Denial_Campaigns⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Ahead_of_COP_26,_Worldwide_Mobilizations_Launched_to
                        Demand_Big_Banks_End_Fossil_Fuel_Destruction⠀⇛


                             Friday marked the start of a suite of
                             coordination global actions by climate
                             activists demanding financial institutions
                             stop backing fossil fuel projects.


                             “Financial institutions who run our
                             economies… must do their part by halting all
                             of their funding of climate chaos.”


                      # ⚓ ‘The_Supreme_Court_Could_Destroy_the_Planet’:_Review
                        of_EPA_Power_Triggers_Alarm⠀⇛


                             As U.S. President Joe Biden prepares for a
                             consequential United Nations climate summit
                             in Scotland, the Supreme Court on Friday
                             provoked widespread alarm by agreeing to
                             review the Environmental Protection Agency’s
                             authority to limit planet-heating pollution.


                             “The Supreme Court could destroy the planet.
                             Pass it on,” tweeted Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-
                             Ore.) in response to the decision.


                      # ⚓ Congress_Grills_ExxonMobil,_Shell,_BP,_Chevron_and
                        the_American_Petroleum_Institute_on_Their_Roles_in
                        Spreading_Climate_Disinformation⠀⇛


                             Top executives from ExxonMobil, Shell, BP,
                             Chevron, and the American Petroleum Institute
                             appeared virtually on Thursday to testify
                             before the House of Representatives on
                             climate change. The day-long hearing drew
                             comparisons to hearings decades ago when big
                             tobacco executives were similarly forced to
                             answer questions in front of Congress about
                             the addictiveness of their products and the
                             risks faced by smokers.


                             While some observers are already suggesting
                             that this time around, Congress may have been
                             “outmatched” by the oil executives, the day
                             was nonetheless marked by a number of moments
                             that could be consequential over the long run
                             in holding Big Oil accountable for its role
                             in the climate crisis. 


                      # ⚓ To_Tackle_Climate_Change,_Hold_Fossil_Fuel
                        Conglomerates_Accountable⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ North_Sea_Oil_Industry_‘Voted’_on_New_‘Climate
                        Compatibility’_Drilling_Policy,_Minutes_Show⠀⇛


                             Oil and gas companies have been given the
                             chance to “vote” on what a new climate test
                             for North Sea drilling projects should look
                             like, ahead of a public consultation on the
                             scheme, official meeting minutes show.


                             The opportunity arose through a collaborative
                             forum between the industry and its regulator,
                             the Oil and Gas Authority – evidence that the
                             sector is being allowed to “mark its own
                             homework”, according to the Scottish Green
                             Party.


                      # ⚓ Democrats_Add_$775_Million_Oil_and_Gas_Subsidy_to
                        Bill_After_Lobbyist_Campaign⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ The_Divestment_Movement’s_Big_Month⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ How_Venture_Capitalists_Think_[Cryptocurency]_Will
                        Reshape_Commerce⠀⇛


                             In first three quarters of 2021, venture
                             capitalists poured a record $21.4 billion
                             into cryptocurrency and blockchain-related
                             companies, in 1,196 deals, according to
                             Pitchbook, a market data provider. That is
                             more than five times as much money compared
                             to last year.


                             No one is placing a bigger bet than
                             Andreessen Horowitz, also known by the
                             nickname A16Z, a Silicon Valley firm whose
                             founders helped build and fund today’s
                             internet. They say the “digital status quo is
                             broken,” with giant tech gatekeepers
                             profiting off everyone’s creativity and data.


                      # ⚓ Cuba’s_communist_regime_is_trying_to_control_
                        [cryptocurrency]⠀⇛


                             Initially many of these transactions happened
                             informally over social-messaging apps. As
                             [cryptocurrency] became more common, people
                             turned to specialist platforms, such as
                             BitRemesas, founded in September 2020 by
                             Erich García, a Cuban YouTube influencer who
                             makes videos about the internet. BitRemesas
                             matches [cryptocurrency] sellers outside the
                             country with buyers on the island through
                             auctions.


                      # ⚓ Blockchain_Experts_Debate_Just_How_Much_Internet
                        Needs_to_Change⠀⇛


                             The Senate introduced controversial language
                             on cryptocurrency to the Infrastructure
                             Investment and Jobs Act last month that has
                             spurred renewed discussion about the
                             blockchain.


                             That bill includes tax reporting requirements
                             for wallet developers and cryptocurrency
                             miners that blockchain enthusiasts criticize
                             as overly burdensome. There are different
                             opinions about whether these provisions will
                             be addressed via amendment, or included in
                             the measure when it is ultimately teed up for
                             passage by the House.


                             Panelists at the event reacted to this
                             development by discussing whether proper
                             groundwork is being laid to support future
                             advancements in cryptocurrency.


                      # ⚓ How_Practical_is_Harvesting_Water_from_the_Air?⠀⇛


                             For those with solar panels and battery
                             storage, the energy cost may not seem like a
                             problem. However, for those stuck paying grid
                             prices, such an installation in drought-
                             struck California would cost on the order of
                             $27-36 a day to run, given the current energy
                             price of around 20 cents per kilowatt-hour.
                             It’s a huge price to pay for water, given the
                             average bill in California currently sits at
                             just $65 a month.


                             The key really is pairing such technology
                             with solar power, in order to avoid
                             contributing further to the climate change
                             problem that causes hot weather and droughts
                             in the first place. Bay Area man Don Johnson
                             lives in the city of Benicia, and bought
                             himself a Tsunami 500 in order to supply his
                             garden’s water needs. However, he found that
                             the machine was able to generate more than
                             enough water to cover both his garden and his
                             household usage. With the benefit of a large
                             solar install on his roof, Johnson hasn’t had
                             to deal with excessive power bills when
                             running the system.


                             [...]


                             Given the huge cost, it’s unsurprising that
                             this technology is not yet mainstream.
                             Tsunami Products reportedly sold just 20
                             units in 18 months prior to coverage by AP
                             News. Since then, the company has reported a
                             torrent of interest, and hopes to close on 50
                             orders by year’s end. Given the anxieties
                             created by drought, it’s perhaps unsurprising
                             that those with the means are jumping at the
                             chance to secure their own water supply.


                             It does, however, raise the idea that perhaps
                             the technology could be used in a more
                             sustainable fashion. Anyone that’s seen water
                             dripping off an air conditioner unit will be
                             familiar with the principles at play. There’s
                             perhaps scope to investigate capturing
                             condensation from large air conditioning
                             units in commercial and industrial
                             installations, where it could be purified for
                             use on-site. This could potentially reduce
                             water use without increasing power usage, as
                             it relies on the existing air conditioning
                             system as it’s already employed. It’s
                             something unlikely to work on the smaller
                             home scale, due to the lower amounts of water
                             such a system would harvest. However, for
                             larger installations, it could prove
                             beneficial.


                             Overall, however, water production from humid
                             air remains an energy-intensive, and thus
                             costly, exercise. While atmospheric water
                             capture may find some applications in off-
                             grid areas and with cashed-up homeowners,
                             it’s in no way likely to serve as a
                             widespread solution to the water woes of
                             California and other drought-stricken areas.
                             More traditional methods of saving and
                             capturing water will have to be employed.


                # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Battle_Over_the_Arctic_National
                        Wildlife_Refuge_Is_About_More_Than_Just_Oil⠀⇛


                             Seventy percent of Americans are opposed to
                             drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife
                             Refuge and millions have made their voices
                             heard through public administrative comments,
                             and yet for the last four years our
                             government has failed to listen. That could
                             all soon change, however, as Congress and the
                             Biden administration continue to work toward
                             legislation—the Build Back Better Act—that
                             would undo the Arctic Refuge oil and gas
                             program and buy back all current leases. The
                             time to permanently protect the Arctic Refuge
                             is here, and it is clearer than ever that its
                             fate will greatly impact our collective
                             future.


                      # ⚓ The_‘Lord_God_Bird’_Might_be_Extinct,_But_the_Story
                        of_the_Ivory-Billed_Woodpecker_Isn’t_Over_Yet⠀⇛


                             In its most recent report to the U.S.
                             government, the Fish and Wildlife Service
                             identified 23 lost causes, including the
                             Kauai O’o, Bachman’s warbler and seven
                             freshwater mussel species. Few have caused as
                             much outcry, though, as the iconic ivory-
                             billed woodpecker.


⚓ The_Latest_Logging_Industry_Smokescreen⠀⇛


     In a sense, however, this is not the fault of the Forest Service;
     it’s fundamentally the fault of the U.S. Congress, which created the
     federal laws upon which this troubling system has been built, and it
     is the ultimate responsibility of Congress to pass new laws to get
     the Forest Service out of the commercial logging business.


     For years, hundreds of independent scientists from universities and
     non-governmental organizations have been producing research that has
     increasingly questioned the claims and assumptions used by the Forest
     Service to perpetuate its logging program. In response, the Forest
     Service has, over the past two decades, allocated tens of millions of
     dollars to pay a few dozen agency and university scientists to attack
     this much larger group of independent scientists, who are not funded
     by the Forest Service or any other logging entity. But the scientists
     and agencies whose funding is tied to logging keep ending up on the
     losing end of the scientific debate in peer-reviewed scientific
     journals. Recently, agencies and scientists affiliated with the
     logging industry have turned to whisper campaigns and character
     assassination, as well as social media and certain willing news
     outlets to personally attack independent forest, fire, and climate
     scientists, including myself, rather than try to debate us on the
     evidence.


§ Finance⠀➾


    * ⚓ ‘He_Needs_to_Step_Up’:_Ocasio-Cortez_Urges_New_Student_Debt_Relief_From
      Biden⠀⇛


           “Now that his agenda is thinly sliced he needs to step up his
           executive action game and show his commitment to [delivering]
           for people.”


    * ⚓ The_Real_Meaning_of_Squid_Game⠀⇛


           It’s not a reality show. But this fictional drama does
           accurately reflect the reality of living in South Korean
           society these days.


           The commentary about Squid Game has emphasized the economic
           precariousness in which so many Koreans live. Household debt in
           South Korea is over 100 percent of the country’s GDP. Housing
           is expensive while secure jobs are scarce. A few years ago,
           young people started referring to their country as Hell Chosun,
           a place where they simply couldn’t get ahead. Competition is
           ruthless for spots at the top universities and choice positions
           in the leading conglomerates known as chaebols. The resulting
           inequality has become a major theme in Korean culture, which
           came to the attention of global audiences in 2019 with the
           popular movie Parasite.


    * ⚓ Don’t_Be_Fooled_Squid_Game_Fans,_by_Many_Measures_the_US_is_More
      Unequal_Than_South_Korea⠀⇛


           This is not the first time South Korea’s entertainment industry
           has focused on the dark side of contemporary capitalism. Squid
           Game appears a few years after the South Korean director Bong
           Joon-ho’s popular and critically acclaimed movies Parasite and
           Snowpiercer critiqued class inequality. Squid Game’s
           dramatization of extreme economic hardship in South Korea might
           lead some to feel that conditions are better in the United
           States. However, the United States has more inequality than
           South Korea by several economic and social measures. We will
           discuss a few below, but we are not attempting a comprehensive
           review.


           When looking at the ratio of the average disposable income of
           the top 20 percent of households to the bottom 20 percent, the
           United States has more inequality than South Korea (Figure 1).
           In the United States, the richest 20 percent have an average
           income 8.4 times the lowest 20 percent; in South Korea the
           ratio is 6.5 times. The gap between rich and poor is larger in
           the United States.


    * ⚓ Class_War_Heats_Up⠀⇛


           U.S. billionaires pretty much have the run of Congress and the
           White House. Just to make that clear, corporate lobbyist heavy
           hitters from the Chamber of Commerce, Pfizer, ExxonMobil and
           the Business Roundtable brazenly and intensely assaulted BBB
           tax raises, which would have brought their taxes up to a mere
           28 percent from 21 percent. They did this so defiantly and
           ostentatiously that back on September 9, 100 groups from the
           other side urged congress to stand up to this plutocratic
           bullying.


           These 100 opposing organizations, led by the Economic Policy
           Institute, denounced the tens of millions of dollars spent by
           wealthy corporations to attack “the most transformative and
           equitable budget proposed in a generation.” The EPI assemblage
           included the AFL-CIO, Americans for Tax Fairness, Center for
           American Progress, League of Conservation Voters and dozens
           more. Suffice it to say these signatories are pissed. They
           don’t like what corporate America is up to.


    * ⚓ Subway’s_Sandwich_Mogul_Meets_—_and_Beats_—_the_IRS⠀⇛


    * ⚓ There’s_a_‘Squid_Game’_cryptocurrency_–_and_it’s_up_nearly_2,400%_in
      the_last_24_hours⠀⇛


    * ⚓ The_Billionaires_Tax_Isn’t_New⠀⇛


           Having stumbled in their attempts to raise taxes on the wealthy
           in the conventional way, Democrats in Congress moved to
           unconventional measures.


           The proposal was to tax billionaires on their so-called
           unrealized gains — the growth in the value of assets, such as
           stocks and real estate, that have not yet been sold. To
           understand why lawmakers might look to a group of more than 700
           billionaires to underwrite a massive spending program, consider
           this statistic: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic,
           billionaires have seen a 70% increase in their wealth, from
           nearly $3 trillion to an almost incomprehensible $5 trillion,
           according to Forbes data analyzed by Americans for Tax Fairness
           and the Institute for Policy Studies Program on Inequality and
           the Common Good.


§ AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


    * ⚓ Efforts_to_Ban_Toni_Morrison’s_“Beloved”_Are_at_Center_of_Virginia
      Governor_Race⠀⇛


    * ⚓ Macedonian_Ramble:_Ohrid’s_Divided_Legacy⠀⇛


           The border guards at the Sveti Naum post (it’s named after the
           nearby medieval monastery) stamped me into the Republic of
           North Macedonia, and one of them said that occasionally a bus
           came out to the frontier, although he didn’t know the schedule.


           I found the bus stop by the roadside, but after waiting in the
           cold for fifteen minutes I decided that my best chance to
           connect with civilization would be to walk to the monastery,
           which was about a mile away.


    * ⚓ Virginia_Governor’s_Race_Tightens_as_Focus_Grows_on_“Parents’_Rights,”
      Abortion_&_Trump⠀⇛


           We look at the Virginia gubernatorial race, where former
           Democratic Governor Terry McAuliffe is facing Republican Glenn
           Youngkin, the former CEO of a private equity firm. President
           Joe Biden, who has campaigned with McAuliffe, warns Youngkin is
           an extremist in the vein of former President Trump. A major
           point of contention is Youngkin’s push for “parents’ rights” —
           a catch-all phrase adopted by right-wing opponents of vaccine
           and mask mandates, transgender rights and critical race theory.
           Julia Manchester, national politics reporter for The Hill, says
           that Youngkin has essentially portrayed elected school board
           officials as “political figures trying to influence Virginia
           students’ education.”


    * ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Path_Toward_a_Just,_Feminist_Future_in_Haiti⠀⇛


           As Haiti experiences a surge of crises—political upheaval, an
           earthquake in August, tropical storms—we might ask ourselves
           what we can do to support people there whose lives have been
           upended. But the better question is: what does the world, and
           especially the US, owe to the Haitian people, as a matter of
           justice?


    * ⚓ Who_Goes_Fascist?_A_Political_Psychologist_Explains.⠀⇛


           In April 2018, an audience packed the American Academy in
           Berlin to listen to the political scientist Kristen Renwick
           Monroe. The room crackled with energy. Donald Trump had been
           president for just over a year, and people desperately wanted
           insight into the tumultuous changes happening in the United
           States. The newspapers were filled with stories about the
           Muslim travel ban, a planned wall along the US-Mexican border,
           and White House attacks on the press.1


    * ⚓ Opinion_|_What_Seattle_Can_Teach_the_Country_About_Fixing_Our
      Democracy⠀⇛


           Far from the dysfunctional tumult in Congress, Seattle has
           found two keys toward fixing problems that plague our
           democracy. The country should pay attention.


    * ⚓ Prospects_for_Chile:_New_President,_New_Constitution,_Continuing
      Turmoil⠀⇛


           But turmoil and volatility prevail, as evidenced in
           presidential elections taking place on November 21, continuing
           street demonstrations, and preparations for a new Constitution.


           Elections at hand


    * ⚓ On_Mass_Political_Inattention⠀⇛


           Speaking to Salon’s Chauncy de Vega about how the United States
           is mired in a crisis of democracy that shows parallels with
           Germany’s descent into Nazism during the 1930s, Norman Ornstein
           recently noted that “Most people don’t pay close attention, day
           to day, to what’s going on” in the political sphere.


           Speaking just anecdotally, my guess is that Ornstein is
           correct.  In my experience, most people I talk to outside of my
           pre-existing left circles have only the foggiest notion about
           the specifics and meaning of current events. “The news” holds
           little real interest and significance for everyday Americans.
           And the notion of doing the work to “pay close attention, day
           to day,” is simply beyond the pale of imaginable life activity
           for most ordinary citizens in the nation that absurdly claims
           to be the world’s greatest democracy.


    * ⚓ Blame_Manchin_and_Sinema_for_the_Delay_on_the_Infrastructure_Vote⠀⇛


           All day Thursday, I found myself torn about whether the House
           Progressive Caucus should accept a “framework” for a pared-down
           “Build Back Better” bill in exchange for its members’ votes for
           the ballyhooed bipartisan infrastructure bill, which House
           Speaker Nancy Pelosi brought up for a vote again yesterday.
           Together, the two bills would provide an almost $3 trillion
           investment in our future. And while lots of important
           priorities got cut from the BBB “framework,” what remained was
           indeed what Pelosi termed “transformative.” Universal pre-
           kindergarten, investments in child care and elder care, health
           care funding, a half-billion in climate change mitigation
           programs, an unexpectedly progressive tax plan, and more. I
           always thought that in the end, progressives would accept the
           “framework” of the BBB, rather than demand a vote on the bill,
           in order to proceed with a vote on infrastructure.


    * ⚓ Should_Andrew_Cuomo_Go_To_Jail_for_“Forcible_Touching”?⠀⇛


           “Waaaah!” go the white men.


    * ⚓ Opinion_|_US_Policy_Toward_Venezuela_Was_Never_About_Promoting
      Democracy⠀⇛


           Last year, then Special Representative Elliott
           Abrams declared that the Trump Administration was “working
           hard” to oust Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. Now Abrams
           (currently a senior fellow at the Council on Foreign
           Relations), together with the Biden Administration,
           is urging the Venezuelan opposition to participate in the
           upcoming state and local elections this November.


    * ⚓ ‘Hands_Off,’_Varoufakis_Tells_Zuckerberg_After_Facebook_Steals_‘Meta’
      Name_From_Anti-Capitalist_Think_Tank⠀⇛


           As Facebook faces a firestorm for changing its corporate name
           to Meta amid heightened scrutiny over how the tech titan harms
           humanity, Greek economist and Progressive International co-
           founder Yanis Varoufakis on Friday called out the company for
           stealing the moniker of a global anti-capitalist think tank.


           Varoufakis, in a tweet, took aim at Facebook CEO Mark
           Zuckerberg, who announced the new name at a conference
           Thursday, as the social media company contends with widespread
           criticism of its practices thanks to revelations from former-
           employees-turned-whistleblowers.


    * ⚓ Roaming_Charges:_In_the_Time_of_Passive_Non-Resistance⠀⇛


           Of course, Biden’s pledge to become the new FDR was always
           hollow, almost comically so for those who’d paid the slightest
           attention to his career in the US senate. When the “new
           Democrats” finally took power and Clinton began dismantling
           what remained of FDR’s political legacy, Biden ran interference
           for him on the Hill, helping to smother what little internal
           resistance the Democrat’s put up to Bubba’s drive to “end the
           Era of Big Government.” It takes a politician more gifted than
           Biden to authentically fake fury at the shriveling of policies
           that he never really believed in to begin with.


           + When fools rush in…


    * ⚓ GOP_Efforts_to_Ban_Toni_Morrison’s_“Beloved”_Now_at_Center_of_Virginia
      Governor’s_Race⠀⇛


           Virginia’s Republican gubernatorial candidate Glenn Youngkin
           caused public uproar this week when he released a political ad
           featuring a white mother who advocated banning Toni Morrison’s
           novel “Beloved” from schools. The woman, Laura Murphy,
           describes the book as “some of the most explicit material you
           can imagine.” In 2013, Murphy fought to have the “Beloved bill”
           passed, which was eventually vetoed by Governor Terry
           McAuliffe, who is running again for governor against Youngkin
           in the current race. Morrison’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel
           tells the story of a family of former enslaved people set after
           the American Civil War. Dana Williams, professor of African
           American literature at Howard University, says the fight over
           “parents’ rights” has become a racist dog whistle. “Books like
           ‘Beloved’ really do force us to have real conversations about
           history,” she says.


    * ⚓ Facebook_Removed_the_News_Feed_Algorithm_in_an_Experiment._Then_It_Gave
      Up.⠀⇛


    * ⚓ Karen_Dolan_on_Build_Back_Better,_Tim_Karr_on_Changing_Facebook⠀⇛


    * ⚓ A_Livable_Future_Is_Possible:_An_Interview_With_Noam_Chomsky⠀⇛


           This month will mark a critical juncture in the struggle to
           avoid climate catastrophe. At the COP26 global climate summit
           kicking off next week in Glasgow, Scotland, negotiators will be
           faced with the urgent need to get the world economy off the
           business-as-usual track that will take Earth up to and beyond 3
           degrees Celsius of excess heating before this century’s end,
           according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
           (IPCC). Yet, so far, the pledges of rich nations to cut
           greenhouse-gas emissions have been far too weak to rein in the
           temperature rise. Meanwhile, the Biden administration’s climate
           plans hang in the balance. If Congress fails to pass the
           reconciliation bill, the next opportunity for the United States
           to take effective climate action may not arise until it’s too
           late.


    * ⚓ Noam_Chomsky:_“It_Doesn’t_Have_to_Be_This_Way”⠀⇛


           In a new interview, Noam Chomsky argues that a livable future
           free of catastrophic climate change is possible — we just have
           to take on the billionaires standing in the way.


    * ⚓ Meta_and_the_Facebook_Papers:_Why_Mark_Zuckerberg_has_nothing_to_fear⠀⇛


           With great fanfare on Thursday, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg
           announced his company’s much-anticipated name change. While he
           sidestepped some of the more obvious possibilities — “The Borg”
           or “The Matrix” come to mind — the name that was eventually
           settled on, Meta, proved to be no less ominous. That was doubly
           so because Zuckerberg’s vision for the company’s future was to
           create a “metaverse,” which he has described as an “embodied
           internet” and “a persistent, synchronous environment.” Casey
           Newton at The Verge described it as “a more maximalist version
           of Facebook, spanning social presence, office work, and
           entertainment.” One does get the strong impression that
           Zuckerberg envisions a future where people never unplug from
           his metaverse, putting them under very non-stop corporate
           surveillance for profit.


§ Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾


    * ⚓ US_Congress_grills_oil_executives_over_climate_disinformation_in_day-
      long_hearing⠀⇛


           Top executives of ExxonMobil and other oil giants denied
           spreading disinformation about climate change as they sparred
           Thursday with congressional Democrats over allegations that the
           industry concealed evidence about the dangers of global
           warming.


    * ⚓ “Fetal_cells”_in_COVID-19_vaccines…again⠀⇛


           I realize that I probably sound a lot like one of those
           annoying scolds who keeps saying, “I told you so,” but, nearly
           two decades into my second “career” writing about pseudoscience
           and conspiracy theories like those promoted by the antivaccine
           movement, it’s hard to resist. The reason is that everything
           old is new again. The same claims that I’ve been discussing
           right here on this very blog since 2004 and then before that on
           Usenet and other discussion forums have not only resurfaced
           since the COVID-19 pandemic hit us in early 2020, but they’ve
           been turbocharged. Somewhat annoying to us relative old-timers,
           a lot of colleagues are now noticing antivaccine lies and
           conspiracy theories that we’ve known about and been warning
           about for years and years, such as the misuse of the Vaccine
           Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database; claims that
           vaccines kill, cause infertility in girls, and the like; fear
           mongering over vaccines selecting for more deadly variants of
           the coronavirus; and minimization of COVID-19 as a disease that
           is not dangerous to the virtuous “healthy” people. (Just never
           mind those old people, who can’t help being old right now,
           because no one can control when they are born, and don’t get me
           started on the resurrection of old antivax conspiracy theories
           about the CDC.) So it is, yet again, with the claim that COVID-
           19 vaccines contain “aborted fetal tissue,” “fetal cells,” or
           “fetal DNA.” Just for yucks, I searched for the first time I
           ever wrote about this particular antivax trope, and it turned
           out to have been in 2005, when an antivaxxer claimed that the
           varicella vaccine contained “aborted fetal tissue.” (Hint: It
           didn’t and doesn’t.)


§ Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


    * ⚓ As_Prudes_Drive_Social_Media_Takedowns,_Museums_Embrace…_OnlyFans?⠀⇛


           Over the last few years, we’ve seen more and more focus on
           using content moderation efforts to stamp out anything even
           remotely upsetting to certain loud interest groups. In
           particular, we’ve seen NCOSE, formerly “Morality in Media,”
           spending the past few years whipping up a frenzy about
           “pornography” online. They were one of the key campaigners for
           FOSTA, which they flat out admitted was step one in their plan
           to ban all pornography online. Recently, we’ve discussed how
           MasterCard had put in place ridiculous new rules that were
           making life difficult for tons of websites. Some of the
           websites noted that Mastercard told them it was taking
           direction from… NCOSE. Perhaps not surprisingly, just recently,
           NCOSE gave MasterCard its “Corporate Leadership Award” and
           praised the company for cracking down on pornography (which
           NCOSE considers the same as sex trafficking or child sexual
           abuse).


    * ⚓ China_is_destroying_Hong_Kong’s_culture_–_just_look_at_its_film_scene⠀⇛


           In Hong Kong cinema’s near three-decade heyday, elegant wuxia
           (ancient martial-arts tales) rubbed up against moody neon-
           drenched cops-and-gangsters thrillers, dizzying kung fu
           spectacles and achingly sexy art-house romances. It was a
           cultural powerhouse in East Asia and a cult sensation in the
           West. What’s more, unlike many other distinctive national
           cinemas, it thrived without a scrap of government subsidy. As
           the great critic and film historian David Bordwell once
           observed: “Hong Kong movies were made simply because millions
           of people wanted to watch them.”


           Yet this once vibrant industry is now facing extinction. On
           Wednesday, Hong Kong’s Legislative Council voted in swingeing
           new censorship laws that align with the political interests of
           the Chinese regime. The measures give politicians the power to
           ban any film which is deemed to “endorse, support, glorify,
           encourage [or] incite activities that might endanger national
           security” – terms loose enough to encompass anyone and anything
           China might take against.


    * ⚓ Hong_Kong_Passes_Film_Censorship_Law;_‘Will_Impact_the_Film_Industry
      and_Diminish_Creativity,’_Says_Expert⠀⇛


           Dr Kwok-kwan Kenny Ng, Associate Professor at the Academy of
           Film at Hong Kong Baptist University, one of whose areas of
           research is film censorship, tells Silverscreen India that the
           clause initially said films “that endangered national security”
           should be prohibited, but the amendments in August changed it
           to “contrary to the interests of national security.”


           The new law also grants powers to the Film Censorship Authority
           to enter and search any premises without a warrant to prevent
           the unauthorised screening of films.


           It further rules out the usual appeal process through the Board
           of Review (Film Censorship) against any decisions made by
           censors on the grounds of national security. Filmmakers must
           now appeal to the courts for a judicial review instead.


    * ⚓ Social_Media_Companies_Noncommittal_on_Bipartisan_Calls_for_Changes_to
      Content_Regulation⠀⇛


           During the hearing, subcommittee chairman Sen. Richard
           Blumenthal, D-Connecticut, said his staff had created a TikTok
           account and while at first they were shown videos of dance
           trends that have been popularized on the app, it only took one
           week for the app’s algorithm to place videos encouraging
           suicidal ideation on their feed. Blumenthal also noted that
           through viewing fitness-related videos geared toward a male
           audience on social media, it only took one minute to find posts
           promoting illegal steroids.


    * ⚓ The_Week_in_Internet_News:_Snowden_Warns_of_Anti-Encryption_Efforts⠀⇛


           The power to censor: Meanwhile, the government of Russia has
           been taking several steps to censor Internet communications,
           the New York Times reports. In addition to demands from
           regulators going to Internet companies, the government has
           installed “black boxes” on the networks of telecom providers
           there, with the equipment “giving authorities startling new
           powers to block, filter and slow down websites that they did
           not want the Russian public to see.”


    * ⚓ Germany:_How_does_it_deal_with_Chinese_censorship?⠀⇛


           Talks on the biography Xi Jinping: der mächtigste Mann der Welt
           (Xi Jinping: The most powerful man in the world), written by
           German journalists Stefan Aust and Adrian Geiges, were supposed
           to be held at the Confucius Institutes in Hannover and
           Duisburg.


           But organizers were pressured into canceling the events, said
           Ulrich Radtke, rector of the University of Duisburg-Essen, at
           the beginning of an online presentation of the book held on
           Wednesday that was organized at short notice as an alternative
           to the canceled events.


           The circumstances leading to the cancelation are still being
           investigated, explained Radtke, who added: “This is not a
           random case for us; it touches on our academic freedom.”


§ Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾


    * ⚓ Biden’s_DOJ_Dismissed_Suicide_Risk_for_Assange_in_Appeal_of_Extradition
      Denial⠀⇛


    * ⚓ The_Most_Important_Battle_for_Press_Freedom_of_Our_Time⠀⇛


           Assange, with long white hair, appeared on screen the first day
           from the video conference room in HM Prison Belmarsh. He was
           wearing a white shirt with an untied tie around his neck. He
           looked gaunt and tired. He did not appear in court, the judges
           explained, because he was receiving a “high dose of
           medication.” On the second day he was apparently not present in
           the prison’s video conference room.


           Assange is being extradited because his organization WikiLeaks
           released the Iraq War Logs in October 2010, which documented
           numerous US war crimes — including video images of the gunning
           down of two Reuters journalists and 10 other unarmed civilians
           in the Collateral murder video, the routine torture of Iraqi
           prisoners, the covering up of thousands of civilian deaths and
           the killing of nearly 700 civilians that had approached too
           closely to US checkpoints. He is also being targeted by US
           authorities for other leaks, especially those that exposed  the
           hacking tools used by the CIA known as Vault 7, which enables
           the spy agency to compromise cars, smart TVs, web browsers and
           the operating systems of most smart phones, as well as
           operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux.


    * ⚓ Appeal_Hearing:_CIA’s_War_On_Assange,_Their_‘Most_Prominent_Critic,’
      Takes_Center_Stage⠀⇛


           The Central Intelligence Agency’s record of retaliation against
           WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, including reported plans to
           kidnap or assassinate him, was focused on during the second day
           of the United States government’s appeal hearing.


           It was part of the Assange legal team’s effort to convince the
           High Court of Justice in the United Kingdom of the gravity of
           the risks, which Assange would face if they overturn a district
           judge’s decision and allow extradition.


    * ⚓ U.S.,_17_Other_Nations_Condemn_Russia’s_‘Intensifying_Harassment’_Of
      Media,_Journalists⠀⇛


           An 18-member group of nations, including the United States and
           United Kingdom, has expressed “deep concern” over what it calls
           the Russian government’s “intensifying harassment of
           independent journalists and media outlets” in the country.


           The statement, issued on October 28 under the name of the Media
           Freedom Coalition, was also signed by Ukraine and North
           Macedonia, along with Australia, Canada, the Czech Republic,
           Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania,
           the Netherlands, New Zealand, Slovakia, and Slovenia.


    * ⚓ HS_journalists_face_prosecution_over_intelligence_centre_story⠀⇛


           The Deputy State prosecutor has filed charges against three
           Helsingin Sanomat employees over an in-depth look at an
           intelligence facility located in Central Finland, published in
           2017.


           The three have been charged with disclosure of state secrets or
           attempted disclosure of state secrets. The offences carry a
           maximum sentence of four years in prison; however it is
           unlikely that a non-suspended jail term would be imposed.


           The pre-trial investigation found that HS had not used illegal
           means to acquire the documents, so the charges relate to the
           publication of the information they contained.


    * ⚓ Journalists_at_Helsingin_Sanomat_charged_for_publishing_classified
      defence_documents⠀⇛


           The pre-trial investigation found that the journalists employed
           no unlawful means to obtain the information.


§ Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


    * ⚓ The_Use_and_Disadvantage_of_Doctrine_in_the_Classroom⠀⇛


           The BLM at School Movement seems to have been the first name it
           gave itself, but its enemies stole a march on the popular mind
           and rechristened it “the CRT curriculum.” The left-wing dodge
           was to say that conservative critics were simply confused,
           since critical race theory is an intricate program, excogitated
           by a few legal academics in the 1980s and ’90s, which could not
           possibly be conveyed to children still learning their ABCs. The
           deflection deserved to fail, and it did fail. No matter what
           you call it, something new is plainly happening to the way
           history and social studies are taught in grades K-12.


    * ⚓ ‘A_Human_Experiment’:_John_Marion_Grant_Convulsed,_Vomited_at_Oklahoma
      Execution⠀⇛


           “There should be no more executions in Oklahoma until we go
           trial in February to address the state’s problematic lethal
           injection protocol.”


           “Oklahoma knew full well that this was well within the realm of
           possible outcomes in a midazolam execution. It didn’t care… and
           the Supreme Court apparently didn’t either.”


    * ⚓ Mexico,_US_Imperialism_and_the_Border⠀⇛


           Over the course of the next two years, unions in all three
           countries organized opposition to NAFTA. By the time Bill
           Clinton was elected president in November 1992, most people had
           at least heard of the agreement. Many Democrats had come out in
           opposition to it and Clinton pretended he was one of them. As
           it turned out, he wasn’t and NAFTA passed into law in 1994.
           Most of what the opposition predicted would happen, did. Wages
           fell in the United States, small farmers in Mexico saw the
           value of their crops drop, US corporations moved into Mexico,
           and Mexicans who had lost their livelihoods began heading to
           the US in great numbers. These are but a few examples of how
           NAFTA changed the economies of North America.


           Of course, NAFTA is not the sole reason for the situation
           working people in North America find themselves in. Numerous
           other causes exist; some were foreseeable outgrowths of
           capitalism’s ongoing crisis while others—like COVID-19—were
           not. Likewise, not all workers in all three nations have
           experienced this crisis in the same ways. It seems fair to
           state that it is the Mexican working class and small farmers
           who have suffered the most. Forced to migrate to cities or the
           United States in order to find work, these people’s very lives
           end up criminalized. Sneaking across harsh terrain surveilled
           by high-tech machinery and often brutal police agencies, these
           migrants are also looked upon as prey by unscrupulous coyotes,
           drug traffickers and just plain criminals. Should they make
           their way across the US southern border alive, they often end
           up in detention camps filled with stories of abuse, neglect,
           and sickness. The brutality required to keep borders closed to
           human beings is both graphic and appalling beyond belief.


    * ⚓ “Shadow_Units”:_How_Secretive_Border_Patrol_Teams_Shield_Agents_from
      Accountability⠀⇛


           A human rights network of 60 organizations working along the
           U.S.-Mexico border released a letter to Congress on Wednesday
           urging them to investigate “shadow police units” that have
           helped cover up beatings and killings by Border Patrol agents
           for more than three decades. The shadow units, identified in
           the letter as “Border Patrol Critical Incident Teams,” are said
           to possibly be “the largest and longest standing shadow police
           unit that is operating today in the federal government.” New
           details came to light when attorneys investigating the 2010
           Border Patrol killing of Mexican father Anastasio Hernández
           Rojas found a secretive special investigative unit tampered
           with and even destroyed evidence in the case to shield the
           agents involved. Investigative journalist John Carlos Frey, who
           reported on the case and helped uncover the shadow groups, says
           agents “tampered with evidence, they obstructed justice, and
           they violated the law,” adding that Border Patrol is being
           permitted to “investigate itself without any oversight.”


    * ⚓ “If_Black_Women_Were_Free”:_An_Oral_History_of_the_Combahee_River
      Collective⠀⇛


           Last year, fierce protests erupted across the US out of rage
           against austerity, a botched Covid-19 response, and the brutal
           murder of George Floyd. Demonstrators blocked traffic, occupied
           public spaces, and destroyed police property. At the same time,
           there was an upswell in mutual aid, rent strikes, and labor
           organizing.


    * ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Poisonous_‘Citizens_United’_Decision_Gave_Corporations
      the_Power_to_Slash_and_Burn_Build_Back_Better⠀⇛


           If President Biden’s Build Back Better plan goes down in
           flames, you can blame the US Supreme Court. Their Citizens
           United decision, in fact, is destroying both American politics
           and the planet.


    * ⚓ The_Window_to_Act_Is_Closing_Fast⠀⇛


    * ⚓ Status_Coup⠀⇛


    * ⚓ The_Supreme_Court_Wants_to_Make_It_Even_Harder_to_Sue_Abusive_Cops⠀⇛


           Qualified immunity is a legal concept that sounds wonky but is
           not difficult to grasp. Put simply: Government workers,
           including members of law enforcement, cannot be sued in their
           capacity as private individuals for actions they take as part
           of their official responsibilities.


    * ⚓ Oklahoma_inmate_dies_vomiting_and_convulsing_in_first_state_execution
      since_2015⠀⇛


           Condemned Oklahoma prisoner John Grant convulsed and vomited
           before dying from a cocktail of drugs on Thursday as the state
           conducted its first execution in years despite questions about
           its lethal injection protocol, a witness to the death reported.


    * ⚓ Doctors_question_sedative_dose_used_in_Oklahoma_execution⠀⇛


           “Either they lied to the public and they can’t be trusted or
           they told the truth and the protocol can’t be trusted,” Denham
           said.


    * ⚓ 118_days:_No_justice_for_those_targeted_by_the_“Sulli_Deals”
      incident.⠀⇛


           On July 4, 2021, the news first broke about the “Sulli Deals”
           incident, in which Muslim women were specifically targeted due
           to their gender and religious identity. However, after much
           furore and backlash, there is still no end in sight for them.
           We wrote to the Delhi Police asking them to expeditiously
           investigate the incident to provide closure and support to
           those targeted.


           [...]


           The lack of progress made in the “Sulli Deals” incident signals
           a worrying trend for women and minorities in India who wish to
           safely access the internet. Social media platforms are the town
           halls of our modern times. Yet, the persistent incidents of
           sexual harassment have made these platforms highly unsafe and
           toxic for women, ultimately leading them to disengage from
           social media altogether after facing harassment.


           According to a study conducted by Plan International, one in
           every five young women have opted out of social media after
           being targeted or harassed. The abuses are further aggravated
           in cases of women who voice their opinions as well as those
           women who belong to minority communities on social media
           platforms and in turn, dissuade them from expressing themselves
           without any fear or inhibitions. Here, it is also important to
           note that some female journalists, who face constant harassment
           due to their gender and religion, were also targeted. This
           squarely violates the women’s right to freedom of speech and
           expression enshrined in Article 19(1) of the Indian
           Constitution.


§ Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


    * ⚓ NY_Times_Continues_Its_Inability_To_Report_Accurately_On_Section_230
      And_Content_Moderation⠀⇛


           Daisuke Wakabayashi is a NY Times business reporter who seems
           to have a weird blind spot regarding Section 230 and online
           content moderation. Actually, perhaps “blind spot” isn’t the
           right term for it. Two years ago, he was responsible for the
           massive full page, front page of the Business Section article
           falsely claiming that Section 230 was responsible for hate
           speech online. That’s the one* where, infamously, the NY Times
           had to write a correction that completely undermined the
           headline of the article:


    * ⚓ Everything_You_Know_About_Section_230_Is_Wrong_(But_Why?)⠀⇛


           There are a few useful phrases that allow one instantly to
           classify a statement. For example, if any piece of popular
           health advice contains the word “toxins,” you can probably
           disregard it. Other than, “avoid ingesting them.” Another such
           heuristic is that if someone tells you “I just read something
           about §230…” the smart bet is to respond, “you were probably
           misinformed.” That heuristic can be wrong, of course. Yet in
           the case of §230 of the Communications Decency Act, which has
           been much in the news recently, the proportion of error to
           truth is so remarkable that it begs us to ask, “Why?” Why do
           reputable newspapers, columnists, smart op-ed writers, legally
           trained politicians, even law professors, spout such drivel
           about this short, simple law?


    * ⚓ Tired_Of_Federal_Apathy,_Oakland_Moves_To_Ban_Anticompetitive_Broadband
      Landlord_Deals⠀⇛


           We’ve noted for years how corruption and apathy have resulted
           in the U.S. broadband sector being heavily monopolized,
           resulting in 83 million Americans having the choice of just one
           ISP. Tens of millions more Americans only have the choice of
           their local cable company or an apathetic local phone company
           that hasn’t meaningfully upgraded their aging DSL lines in
           twenty years. On top of that problem is another problem: ISPs
           routinely bribe or bully apartment, condo, and other real
           estate owners into providing them cozy exclusivity arrangements
           that block broadband competition on a block by block level as
           well.


    * ⚓ IPv4_addresses_are_silly,_inet_aton(3)_doubly_so.⠀⇛


           Now all of this is largely esoteric and not something that you
           can or should really rely on. inet_aton(3) has inherited this
           behavior from the early days due to classful networking, which
           we haven’t used in decades, and all of this only applies to
           IPv4, not IPv6. inet_pton(3), which you should be using anyway,
           does not encourage such shenanigans. However, because
           getaddrinfo(3) explicitly uses inet_aton(3) itself for AF_INET,
           citing RFC3493, you will encounter this behavior in various
           applications, and it may be used — besides as a party trick for
           very peculiar parties — as an obfuscation technique by e.g.,
           malware, and thus is something that it’s good to be aware of.


    * ⚓ European_Union’s_Network_and_Information_Security_Directive_Threatens
      Internet_with_Fragmentation_and_Creates_Security_Risks⠀⇛


           The second iteration of the European Union’s Network and
           Information Security Directive, NIS 2, was written with good
           intentions. But many worry the cybersecurity rules could
           splinter the Internet and undermine security. Among those
           concerned are Internet Society chapters and members in Europe.


           While the directive’s goal is to improve security online, a
           newly-published Internet impact brief highlights how it could
           undermine the key qualities of the Internet. By regulating
           providers of Internet architecture, NIS 2 could impose a rigid
           top-down governance approach on existing community-led
           initiatives, stifling their long-proven effectiveness in
           innovating and adapting to new cybersecurity challenges.


    * ⚓ Latency_Into_Your_Network_–_As_Seen_From_RIPE_Atlas⠀⇛


           As RIPE Atlas is deployed worldwide, one can easily look for
           probes that are hosted in a particular network to get an idea
           of where a network is deployed. But that doesn’t give the full
           story. As probes perform a massive amount of traceroutes, we
           can also get an idea of how far from a particular network a
           probe is by looking at the IP address with the lowest latency
           for that particular network.


§ Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾


    * ⚓ [Old] castLabs_assists_Formuler_to_verify_Widevine_device_integration
      as_an_authorized_3PL_partner_selected_by_Google⠀⇛


           “The rapid growth of over-the-top content delivery platforms
           and shifting consumer content consumption patterns requires
           secure end-to-end delivery of premium contents to any connected
           device. Widevine provides standardized, multi-platform, multi-
           format, industry-leading secure content protection trusted and
           used by all major OTT service providers and broadcasters.
           Formuler has chosen to implement Widevine Level 1 content
           protection in its products and castLabs, a Google 3PL partner,
           played an integral role in the Widevine certification process
           for Formuler OTT devices,” said Andrew Kim, General Manager at
           Formuler.


    * ⚓ PC_games_using_Valve’s_CEG_DRM_now_work_with_Proton⠀⇛


           For Linux users, the issue of games that make use of Valve’s
           own custom executable-generation (CEG) DRM not launching was
           reported via Github back in 2018.


           Earlier today (October 29), a post from GamingOnLinux reported
           that Linux users with the latest version of Proton Experimental
           using Steam Play can now play Windows games that use the old
           CEG DRM. Valve developer Pierre-Loup Griffais tweeted that this
           is “initial support”, encouraging others to “comment if you
           test any” via Github.


§ Monopolies⠀➾


    * § Copyrights⠀➾


          o ⚓ DMCA_Exceptions_To_Allow_Router_Firmware_Replacement⠀⇛


                 Human rights organizations Software Freedom Conservancy
                 (SFC) and the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) have
                 make amendments in the “Law on Copyright in the Digital
                 Age” (DMCA, Digital Millennium Copyright Act ), adding
                 firmware to the router in the list of exceptions, which
                 are not subject to restrictions DMCA.


                 Every three years, a special committee convenes at the US
                 Library of Congress, which, during a public hearing,
                 decides to revise the list of exemptions describing
                 situations to which the DMCA law cannot apply. This list
                 is formed to protect against possible abuse and
                 unreasonable restrictions that can be promoted under the
                 guise of the DMCA, without being the object of copyright
                 infringement.


          o ⚓ Feds_Indict_‘Pirate’_Sports_Streams_Operator_Who_Settled_with
            Hollywood⠀⇛


                 Sports streaming service HeHeStreams shut down earlier
                 this year after reaching a settlement with the Alliance
                 for Creativity and Entertainment. While saddened by his
                 site’s demise, the operator felt that things could’ve
                 been worse. They now are. The Department of Justice says
                 that following a separate investigation, HeHeStreams’
                 founder has been charged with several crimes, including
                 one under a brand new law.


          o ⚓ Goodbye_Hadopi:_France_Will_Launch_New_‘Arcom’_Anti-Piracy_Agency
            in_2022⠀⇛


                 After more than a decade of operations, France’s Hadopi
                 agency will now complete its merger with the Higher
                 Audiovisual Council to create a new and powerful
                 regulator. Following the French parliament’s adoption of
                 a new law last month, the Arcom body will launch in
                 January 2022, tackling everything from illegal streaming
                 and site blocking to the disruption of unlicensed sports
                 broadcasts.


          o ⚓ Copyright_Regulator_Eases_Restrictions_on_Research,_Education,
            and_Repair⠀⇛


                 Every three years, the DMCA requires the Copyright Office
                 and Librarian of Congress to consider the public’s
                 requests for exemptions to this terrible, restrictive
                 law. Building on our previous successes protecting
                 security research, remix culture, jailbreaking, and more,
                 we again participated this cycle.


                 The latest exemptions [PDF] are mostly an improvement
                 over previous exemptions and represent a victory for
                 security research, accessibility, education,
                 preservation, and repair. While the exemptions do
                 continue to contain unnecessary and harmful limitations,
                 we’re pleased with the additional freedom to operate that
                 the Librarian granted in this rulemaking, including new
                 exemptions to jailbreak streaming video devices like
                 Apple TV or the Fire Stick; to jailbreak routers; and to
                 circumvent in order to identify violations of free,
                 libre, and open-source licensing terms. The latter two
                 exemptions were championed by our friends at the Software
                 Freedom Conservancy.


                 On the repair front, we achieved an important victory by
                 expanding the scope of the exemption to cover all
                 consumer electronics (with a couple of small carveouts
                 for certain vehicle systems and parts of video game
                 consoles). This means that manufacturers won’t be able to
                 use the law to prevent independent repair. This was a
                 joint effort between advocacy groups and repair
                 organizations representing independent repair of
                 everything from medical devices to boats.


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