𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, November 03, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 4 Nov 02:41:04 GMT 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmdjD3F5X1T9xbTPMY2Wrk5YUS8tfKUD5inGbqQ8rnJrpo QmSJxiMQEysAS6b1cT6LbxyB2gmL92RHnKe2bugqURX7jK QmZ9XrCCvCG4m4kD1sxmesDGxEpk9EjEVk5vNUFHZ87Ryw QmZQbFL87wWvs9kFDSndgbof4kDmQTqYdyokNAjNg8H7Ca QmSfTwYRE2mM7875hHQK9fmXEAAZS4i3r9frAmfJcCFGks QmWq5A18omXMGWTTDzH6NZwrkQWd1pUiLRptBpgDHHhvXq QmVR1Se3jKzW513QvSLv9utzGvBbi5C3cdSBwWspCid4vi Qme5Me7St6kgikNpzT1KeDRhhmCJJtsLSFQyP8TDyvd8MW QmagsjCozdhV3doZKjmRs6GYXQb7U425VW5GsX4YUfg2Fu QmXdXQ45MDdfyLhvFXMoFQarrFy2cSYrkTKdKtneXpHrYF QmNooKJgn2ZLXZJyZNJCACY5R84RsQy1y85ycxgS8JMkdA QmcbJ2ejJ9JqECW5WmJC4LeEqkjC7w6kcJ6wjwLthVmoEU QmR26bCkmAgeJHsLEpDDduxsZtvTiPxLdppYuH4w8mzfdo Qmex86DPLV4yK5WC34kReVXbdEtRT7fvt7mBVzMTGbSCct QmUF9ey4dzyvtaKZQVc5QTVyN1uh5C8nqhzm5bDtAjMpUH QmQQsCU87GH58r3ULuJPn4a3DUUCqjRgtvTnrTgEzE32uB QmXo7j8hPUpwapnbFNNyHpSzJw8jxwrfGCZfVzhG6m46Fc QmWRUGR4iW5rnmLQnw9FgqKFSzKTya3pneRJvmK2VknwKJ QmRj8aGQBLtRqtiYJQreD9xtEMzqDcpaLPjFYLoe48xgQ5 QmceuRQeatSitbW6vADhod8yMXLWphJhT1uYZmcy4rjm6f QmewryoNvgmB7zLqV7RQ2PTLYkagYXvBASicFQi1ESPiHm ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Working From Home When the Rich and Powerful Corporations (or Governments) Make All the Important Decisions and Rules | Techrights ⦿ Microsoft GitHub Exposé — Important Update (GitHub CEO “Resigns”... or Pushed Out) | Techrights ⦿ [Teaser] Microsoft GitHub: Miguel de Icaza’s “HOLY SHIT” | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, November 02, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] GitHub’s CEO Exits GitHub and You Should Too | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/epo-outside-the-office/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-ceo-resigns/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-holy-shit/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/irc-log-021121/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/thrown-under-the-github-bus/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/knative-1-0-and-more/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/libreele-10-0-1/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 60 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/epo-outside-the-office/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/epo-outside-the-office/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Working_From_Home_When_the_Rich_and_Powerful_Corporations_(or_Governments) Make_All_the_Important_Decisions_and_Rules⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 1:00 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 93a0419b4767b7f430378580a700f1b3 http://techrights.org/videos/home-working-caveat.webm Summary: A video and further thoughts about the situation at the EPO, where working outside the Office became somewhat ‘normal’, albeit seemingly_to_the detriment_of_workers LAST night I responded to a new publication from EPO staff representatives. I was a little apprehensive at first because it might come across as dissenting or combative. I was surprised to see (in my opinion or based on my interpretation) insufficient opposition or weak push-back. I speak from experience here, as one who has worked from home for nearly 15 years. They say that sometimes you need to be a “techie” to understand why lots of technology should be rejected (e.g. electronic voting) because “techies” better understand the downsides and the gory technical issues (paper trail is better and usually highly essential). In the case of home-working, by sheer coincidence only hours after last_night's_article my audio system broke down. It had wires all over the place (almost 10 wires in total); so it took hours to remove it (rearranging lots of things) after about an hour of investigation into what was going on (testing with instruments and spares to confirm its death; it seems impossible to repair), so there won’t be many articles today. It’s a really frustrating experience as I’d rather get work done than deal with defects, then clean up the place (lots of that remains to be done, still). Working from home isn’t Disneyland. It’s not like “being on holiday while doing work on the side…” (I say this not as one who rejected it or never experienced it) “Working from home isn’t Disneyland.”You inevitably begin to associate being at your own home with being at the workplace, which you cannot escape (you even literally sleep there). There’s extensive amount of text (articles) we’ve already published about this topic, especially in the middle of last year. We’d rather now repeat much of what was said back then. There’s also ample literature and punditry on this topic out there on the Web and in libraries. Lowering of expenses associated with offices and maintenance (food, rent, travel, cleaning and so on) might lead one to think that the employers will raise the salary or improve working conditions, but that almost never happens because what the employer is compelled (by law) to do during a pandemic gets spun/framed as a gift or an act of generosity. António_Campinos already did this last year; he reportedly claimed that staff was ever so lucky because workers elsewhere were worse off. Relativism of this kind should be condemned. He keeps pretending_the_Office_is_poor, but they could very well afford to let all the staff be on paid leave until the end of the year. There may be a false perception of improvement, but it’s only veiled and temporary. Instead of privacy (and personal dignity) improving it typically gets a lot worse, digitally, albeit covertly (things like malicious “apps” being required; some run in a Web browser). “There may be a false perception of improvement, but it’s only veiled and temporary.”Today I spent 2-3 hours (and I’m not even done yet) rearranging my ‘home office’ due to faulty hardware, which nobody will pay to replace (I’ll just use headphones instead). In the process I broke a few things and had extensive cleanup work to do. When you work for an employer in some office all that hassle is spared (delegated to other staff, specialised staff with proper equipment and experience); it’s out of one’s hands and head. In my ‘daytime’ job (it’s always nighttime, not daytime) I’ve received no pay increase for over a decade and last July we shut down our physical office due to the pandemic (that office was barely used anymore, so not much was lost). A similar scenario can easily be drafted at the EPO; the staff won’t be privy to or told all the details, but of course the managers will pretend that “spoiled” examiners just moan about their “holiday” (in some apartment in a country foreign to them, bought or rented without foresight of it becoming a de facto workplace some time in 2020). We call ourselves “tech rights” because this is the kind of stuff we wish to speak about and many in what’s left of the media fail to speak of. Like cars that spy, home offices that send keystrokes to one’s boss, and Web ‘pages’ that run programs on the users’ machines as if it’s some bizarre exchange like, “I let you read one article, but in exchange I want to hijack your machine and use up your power for a bit…” (we recommend_Gemini_instead) “The future of the EPO only looks grimmer if offices are being emptied while salaries decrease, head count goes down, and patent scope gets broadened like banks give out loads of mortgages until a debt crisis.”Spyware is only advancing and getting worse over time; it’s never letting go. What’s here today will get worse tomorrow. The only solution is to reject it outright from the get-go. Home working might be a thing of the future, it might even be good for the environment (an upside, sure), but it’s not made to work for ‘low-level’ workers. Instead, it’s used as a pretext to take away many things workers fought for and have come to expect (like refectory/cafeteria/canteen/coffee machines at work). By perpetuating the narrative that this is all so great we devalue and diminish rights of workers. The decision makers don’t render themselves obsolete but instead pass the savings to themselves while depriving/ robbing staff below them. The future of the EPO only looks grimmer if offices are being emptied while salaries decrease, head count goes down, and patent scope gets broadened like banks give out loads of mortgages until a debt_crisis. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 188 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-ceo-resigns/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-ceo-resigns/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Microsoft_GitHub_Exposé_—_Important_Update_(GitHub_CEO_“Resigns”…_or_Pushed Out)⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft at 4:50 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GitHub: Where everything comes to die⦈ Summary: GitHub’s CEO Nat_Friedman is leaving; but what we know about a contributing factor (to his departure) will be exposed in the series regardless So it has just been announced that Friedman, GitHub’s CEO, is leaving GitHub. Techrights will carry on with the series showing what he and his corrupt buddies did for Microsoft (and are still doing on Microsoft’s behalf). It’s a pretty big deal! We suppose that Friedman still reads Techrights (he was reading it before and proactively blocked me in Twitter) and he likely knows what is coming. “The fact that he leaves way before we’re even done with the series (we have dozens of parts left) doesn’t impact the importance and relevance of the series.”His departure does not change what we’ll publish, but it may change the context in which it is published (he’s now a former CEO). Either way, this seems like the desired outcome. We hoped our months-long publication would drive him out (forced or willful resignation). The fact that he leaves way before we’re even done with the series (we have dozens of parts left) doesn’t impact the importance and relevance of the series. Stay tuned for Part V. Parts I-IV below. █ 1. Microsoft_GitHub_Exposé_—_Part_I_—_Inside_a_Den_of_Corruption_and Misogynists 2. Microsoft_GitHub_Exposé_—_Part_II_—_The_Campaign_Against_GPL_Compliance and_War_on_Copyleft_Enforcement 3. Microsoft_GitHub_Exposé_—_Part_III_—_A_Story_of_Plagiarism_and_Likely Securities_Fraud 4. Microsoft_GitHub_Exposé_—_Part_IV_—_Mr._MobileCoin:_From_Mono_to Plagiarism…_and_to_Unprecedented_GPL_Violations_at_GitHub_(Microsoft) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣠⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠓⠐⠿⠿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣤⣄⠤⢄⣀⡄⠈⢻⣿⣿⠋⢁⣀⣀⣽⡏⢙⣿⠛⢻⣿⠉⢹⣯⡄⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⣾⡟⠛⢻⡏⠉⣏⠀⢈⣹⡀⠘⠛⠃⠀⡏⠉⣿⡏⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⢰⣿⣧⠀⢿⣷⡆⢸⡇⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⠂⢸⣿⡇⠀⡗⠀⣿⡇⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⠦⢼⣿⣿⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿ ⠷⣿⣷⣷⣯⣄⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⡽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣟⠛⠻⢿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⣶⢶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣬⣵⣶⣷⣴⣲⣆⣌ ⠞⢅⣵⣒⣾⣬⠺⡟⣿⣾⣿⡯⣷⣽⣗⣿⣗⣝⣿⣯⣮⣿⡞⣿⢭⣓⣿⣏⡿⡈⣿⢿⢷⣿⠏⣿⢿⣿⣻⡿⣽⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣫⣿⣟⣯⣿⣿⢻⡿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⣟⢻⢿⡯⣿⣿⢻⣯⣻⣿⣿⢿⠿⠙⠯⠿⠿⠛ ⠋⠃⠀⠈⠚⡁⠓⠱⠿⠆⠘⠛⠑⠮⠿⠡⠿⠹⣿⡧⣪⠿⠡⠿⣭⣏⣿⣭⣿⣤⣿⣤⣆⣼⣠⠿⣬⣆⠫⠿⠷⠸⢿⣶⣶⣿⣌⠷⣯⠿⢿⠖⠼⢧⠶⣿⡄⣼⣧⣼⣧⡼⣴⡿⢇⡝⢧⠼⠫⠏⠍⠛⢻⡂⠄⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠒⣲⢨⡖⠺⣍⢻⣿⠩⣵⡟⢻⡟⡻⣻⣷⡺⡙⠲⠖⢺⣞⢏⡷⠒⣮⢳⣄⣲⡞⢲⡌⣲⣖⢲⡖⣲⣄⠉⠌⠉⠁⠁⠒⣁⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⠀⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⠀⠈⢿⣩⡢⡸⣇⣢⡟⣸⡘⠟⣸⣇⣸⣏⣅⣠⣉⣻⠆⠈⠐⣸⡟⢘⣯⣖⡿⠀⠋⣹⣏⣹⠇⣸⡏⣸⣏⣫⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠁⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠤⠴⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 267 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-holy-shit/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/github-holy-shit/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Teaser]_Microsoft_GitHub:_Miguel_de_Icaza’s_“HOLY_SHIT”⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft at 5:12 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Miguel_de_Icaza's_“HOLY_SHIT”⦈_ Summary: We’re hardly done yet (barely scratching the surface), but GitHub's CEO_walks_away and we’ll soon reveal several overlapping scandals; it’s about how Mr. Friedman engineered his own scandals with his utter stupidity (the conversation above isn’t a joke; it’s authentic) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Miguel_de_Icaza_on_Nat⦈_ Yes, he said that and_more ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⢠⣤⣤⢀⣠⣀⢀⢀⣀⢠⠀⢠⣠⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣠⣄⡀⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⣤⢀⡀⣀⣀⡀⡀⣀⣤⡆⠀⣀⣤⢀⣀⠀⣤⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠾⠺⠿⠹⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠿⠿⠿⠆⠸⠿⠿⠏⠗⠯⠿⠀⠷⠿⠿⠇⠟⠧⠀⠀⠀⠯⠿⠿⠿⠀⠿⠻⠽⠿⠿⠼⠯⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠄⣠⠄⣤⠀⣤⢠⢠⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⡂⠔⡂⣶⠀⡶⠰⣰⠀⣀⠄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⠛⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣩⣟⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣦⠒⡤⢰⢲⠰⢢⠀⣴⣠⠆⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠈⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠁⠉⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 381 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/irc-log-021121/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/irc-log-021121/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_November_02,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:21 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 021121.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-021121.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-021121.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 021121.txt Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmauUPSGsTg1iXgHCj96q3c8b3eJLSAfkeLHFuBf2A79tZ #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmT5apHHyaqrp3RAnEhGuAzbBXxe1BfTHmoMRTREaCa6ux (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmdcmeWJvfQLc3Vi8P9NiazCrtD9pch4QgtJxyYryyeY9P social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  Qmaikm8fvmUWPmw4kKXccTpLZjz5hWTtwWR1Tyj4KqRmp2 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmb9r9Pr2eTbeKMWY6V2vNnKLL78yaVqVVnG7VRrSsygpq #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmPCHT76dJEzuqU2skYPLVx38G29VdAFKWr63SBQAkcnPf (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmbPx1voYYDLWkAUBgLM2Jyg933SscTkVFvWTQyCrByrBL #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmZgox7BJXyMhSNxdugF6UgsyM99p2enRcEnoW7uve4BcR (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmewryoNvgmB7zLqV7RQ2PTLYkagYXvBASicFQi1ESPiHm ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 510 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/11/03/thrown-under-the-github-bus/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/11/03/thrown-under-the-github-bus/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_GitHub’s_CEO_Exits_GitHub_and_You_Should_Too⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft at 8:43 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz It’s just a prison and a trap; its purpose is to occupy and besiege “open source” (or Free software), giving Microsoft control over what it has long been trying to destroy 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Only_projects_in_proprietary_GitHub_count_as_'open_source'⦈_ Summary: GitHub’s CEO has ejected_(or_got_ejected) a lot sooner than we expected; after a string of scandals (to be covered here for months to come) perhaps it’s time for all Free software to do the same and leave GitHub ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠋⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣽⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣧⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡬⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠂⢿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠙⠻⣿⡋⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡿⠋⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⠻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣽⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣧⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢆⣀⣸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠂⢿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣦⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣾⡟⢉⠙⡏⢻⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⢛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣈⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠋⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠙⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⠹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡥⢹⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣑⣤⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⣻⣿⡇⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣽⣤⣽⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠛⡿⠋⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠞⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠙⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣉⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠋⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⣼⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠘⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢺⣿⡆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⢻⣿⡟⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠡⠀⣸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠘⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢺⣿⡆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠙⠛⠁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠂⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⣿⣿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⣸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠈⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢾⣿⡆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⣻⡾⠾⠃⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢻⣿⡟⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠈⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⢿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡟⠁⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣅⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠀⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⢻⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡐⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣯⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢘⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣦⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⣹⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⣿⣿⡛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⠿⠟⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠈⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣟⡉⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢘⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣻⣿⣿⡟⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠈⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢺⣿⡆⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣽⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣴⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣤⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣿⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠘⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠻⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢘⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠙⠋⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠋⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣷⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⠸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠘⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣴⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣷⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⠐⠀⠸⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣧⣤⣽⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣴⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣢⣮⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠑⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠗⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⡛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠉⠙⠓⠋⠈⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⠉⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣈⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠋⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣧⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣽⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⠙⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⢛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣧⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣈⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠙⠛⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣧⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠐⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣴⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠆⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠉⠉⠉⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠃⢸⡏⢹⣿⠉⣧⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣤⠐⠀⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠻⣿⡿⣋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠴⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢈⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠋⠉⠙⠉⠁⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⡛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣦⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠋⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢹⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣿⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠁⢸⡍⢹⣿⠉⣇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣠⠐⠀⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣷⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣎⣦⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠀⢸⡉⢹⣿⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠐⠀⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣷⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣖⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⡿⣋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠈⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢘⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠈⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠛⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⣿⣿⡟⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⠻⣿⣿⠏⢁⣀⣀⣽⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠀⢸⡉⢹⣿⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠁⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⢿⠇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠐⠀⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣷⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣦⣺⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠅⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢈⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣈⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢻⣿⣿⠟⢁⣀⣀⣽⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡚⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣾⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠀⢸⠉⢹⣿⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣁⣲⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣷⠀⢿⠇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠀⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣷⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠅⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢈⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠋⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠄⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣧⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⣻⡾⠾⠋⠀⠀ ⢻⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣿⣿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⢻⣿⣿⠏⢁⣀⣀⣽⣏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣾⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠁⢸⡉⢹⣿⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣿⠀⢿⠇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⠂⢺⣿⡇⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣷⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⣿⣿⣻⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠅⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠈⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⡿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⡟⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⡏⢹⡏⠹⢉⣿⠉⠉⢻⠉⡉⢻⠋⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⣉⡟⢉⠙⣋⠉⣙⠋⡉⢻⣿⠉⡏⢹⠉⣿⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡟⢉⠙⡏⢉⠙⡏⢉⠻⡏⢹⠉⣹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⡏⢉⠙⡏⢹⠉⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡇⡀⠀⡇⢸⣷⠀⣼⣿⠀⢀⣼⠀⡅⢺⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣩⡇⢸⠶⣿⠀⣿⠦⡈⢻⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⣠⡇⢨⠐⡇⢸⠀⣽⡇⠀⣿⠀⠀⡇⢨⠀⣿⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣧⣬⣴⣧⣷⣤⣧⣬⣿⣤⣿⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣦⣥⣼⣥⣼⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣿⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣼⣿⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣭⣧⣤⣧⣴⣦⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣼⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⡟⢛⠻⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⣿⡿⢛⠛⡿⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⢻⢛⣦⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⢘⠒⡇⢸⡇⢸⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⣿⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠁⢸⡇⢸⣿⡇⢰⠘⣦⡈⠺⣿⣶⣶⡇⢸⠀⡇⢘⣠⠀⢘⡇⠀⠁⣿⣧⣈⠒⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⢈⠀⡇⢸⡤⡄⠀⣹⡾⠾⠃⠀⠀ ⢹⣇⣘⣀⣇⣸⣇⣸⣇⣸⣀⣧⣘⣠⣇⣈⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣶⣀⣀⣶⣀⣀⣼⣸⣄⣸⣇⣸⣿⣇⣰⣀⣇⣈⣠⣿⣿⣿⣇⣘⣠⣇⣸⣿⣀⣈⣇⣸⣀⣿⣧⣈⣀⣧⣘⣠⣧⣈⣀⣇⣸⣀⣧⣈⣀⣆⣀⣹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠻⠛⠻⣿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠀⠻⣿⣿⠏⢁⣀⣀⣽⡏⢹⣿⠿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣾⡟⠛⢻⡏⢹⣏⠀⣉⣿⠀⠛⠛⠀⢸⠉⢹⣿⠉⡇⠀⣉⡉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢀⣀⣼⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⢀⣿⣿⡀⠻⠿⠇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢸⡿⠀⣷⠀⢿⠇⠠⣿⣿⣿⡿⢾⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣤⡐⠂⢻⡙⠆⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣴⣦⣿⣴⣦⣤⣾⡟⠛⠋⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⢿⣶⣆⣐⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠸⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠇⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠈⣿⡣⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠽⠯⠻⠟⠽⠹⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠆⠲⣶⠀⢶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1268 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_3/11/2021:_Knative_1.0_and_More⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 9:50 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ The_YouTube_algorithm_really_seems_to_love_@prozd_– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ 373_–_Ex-SUSE_Me,_Microsoft?⠀⇛ 1:49 The News 10:37 Security Update 21:47 Bi-Weekly Wanderings 45:39 Announcements & Outro First up in the news, Raspberry PI Zero 2 W, Xorg has something new, SUSE goes Edge, A new MX linux, and Microsoft Blunders In security, an NPM library gets hijacked, Proton will not retain your data, Firefox implements GPC, and black Friday scams abound Then in our Wanderings, Joe tries his hand at tv repair, Norbert plays with legos, Tony shops for a new pc, and Josh gets a new throne # ⚓ Linus_Tech_Tips_Is_Mostly_Right_About_Linux_–_Invidious⠀⇛ As the first episode of the Linus Tech Tips Linux gaming challenge isn’t on Youtube I can’t talk about it yet but Linus and Luke did talk about their experience on the a recent WAN Show o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14.16⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.10.77⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_5.4.157⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.19.215⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.14.254⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.9.289⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_4.4.291⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_Can_Boot_On_Apple’s_M1_Pro_But_More_Work_Remains⠀⇛ Last month Apple announced the M1 Pro and M1 Max SoCs while already the very latest Linux patches originally written for the Apple M1 that launched last year paired with some small changes is allowing the open-source platform to boot on the M1 Pro MacBook. Hector Martin with the Asahi Linux project has been working on bringing up Apple’s newest hardware under Linux via crowd-funding. Today he was able to get Linux booted to a shell on the M1 Pro MacBook with working USB ports. With some changes on top of all the other Linux M1 work carried out over the past year by Hector and others, he was able to achieve this milestone relatively quickly. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Install_Nvidia_495.xx_Beta_Drivers_on_Fedora_35⠀⇛ Most modern Linux Desktop systems such as Fedora come with an Nvidia driver pre-installed in the Nouveau open-source graphics device driver for Nvidia video cards. For the most part, this is acceptable; however, if you are using your Linux system for graphical design or gaming, you may get better drivers. Historically, the Nouveau proprietary drivers are slower than Nvidia’s proprietary drivers, along with lacking the newest features, software technology, and support for the latest graphics card hardware. In most situations, upgrading your Nvidia Drivers using the following guide is more beneficial than not doing it. In some cases, you may see some substantial improvements overall. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Steam_on_Fedora_35⠀⇛ Steam is a video game cross-platform that Valve created. It was launched as a standalone software client in September 2003 as a way for Valve to provide automatic updates for their games and expanded to include games from third-party publishers and now boasts a library filled with thousands if not tens of thousands of games across all gaming consoles. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install Steam on your Fedora 35 desktop. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Fedora_35_–_OSTechNix⠀⇛ The wait is over! Fedora Linux 35 has been released! If you are a newbie who wants to install and test the latest version of Fedora, then we are here to help you in setting up the operating system. This step by step guide explains how to download latest the Fedora 35 workstation edition, and then how to install Fedora 35 with screenshots. What’s new in Fedora 35? Fedora 35 comes with Gnome 41 and improves the support for power management. It ships with Linux Kernel 5.14 which improves the support of GPUs and USB4. Improvements have also been made to pipe wire which is the default audio system since Fedora 34. The system libraries and the programming languages have also been updated to the latest versions, so the users have the latest packages ready to be used. For more details, check the Fedora 35 release announcement. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Linux_Kernel_5.15_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Linux Kernel 5.15 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Linux kernel 5.15 was released on October 31st, 2021, and it brings some interesting new features, such as a new NTFS file system implementation that doesn’t require you to rely on third-party software like NTFS-3G to fully manage your NTFS formatted external disk drives. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Linux Kernel 5.15 on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Scala_3_on_RHEL_8_/_CentOS_8_–_Unixcop_the Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛ Scala combines object-oriented and functional programming in one concise, high-level language. Scala’s static types help avoid bugs in complex applications, and its JVM and JavaScript runtimes let you build high-performance systems with easy access to huge ecosystems of libraries. So, you will learn how to install Scala 3 on RHEL 8 / CentOS 8 It is a strong statically typed general-purpose programming language which supports both object- oriented programming and functional programming Installing Scala means installing various command- line tools such as the Scala compiler and build tools. In this tutorial we will use the Scala installer tool “Coursier” that automatically installs all the requirements, but you can still manually install each tool. Coursier is a Maven/Ivy-style dependency resolver/ fetcher that has been completely rewritten in Scala. It aspires to be quick and simple to integrate into various environments. Functional programming principles are at the heart of it. It’s main command is cs. # ⚓ How_to_Create_a_Static_Website_on_an_AWS_S3_Bucket⠀⇛ S3 Bucket is an Object Storage Service of AWS. We can use AWS S3 Bucket to host a static website. AWS S3 does not support server-side scripting, but AWS has other resources for hosting dynamic websites. To host a static website on Amazon S3, we need to configure an AWS S3 bucket for website hosting and then upload our website content to the bucket we created. When we configure a bucket as a static website, we enable static website hosting. After we configure our bucket as a static website, we can access the bucket through the AWS Region- specific Amazon S3 website endpoints for our bucket. To configure our AWS S3 bucket for static website hosting, we are going to use the AWS Management Console in this article. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Opera_Browser_on_Fedora_35⠀⇛ Opera is a freeware, cross-platform web browser developed by Opera Software and operates as a Chromium-based browser. Opera offers a clean, modern web browser that is an alternative to the other major players in the Browser race. Its famous Opera Turbo mode and its renowned battery saving mode are the best amongst all known web browsers by quite a margin, along with a built-in VPN and much more. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install Opera Browser on Fedora 35. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Telegram_on_Fedora_35⠀⇛ Telegram is a popular free cross-platform, cloud- based instant messaging system. Telegram is famous for providing end-to-end encrypted video calling, VoIP, file sharing, amongst many other features. One of the main attractions of Telegram, it is unique in having no ties or shared interests with the big social media giants such as Facebook or Twitter. The application is also cross-platform, with app versions available for most operating systems for desktops and mobile/tablet devices. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install the Telegram client on Fedora 35. # ⚓ How_to_Install_XFCE_Desktop_in_RHEL,_Rocky_Linux_& AlmaLinux⠀⇛ The XFCE desktop environment is one among the several desktop environments that you can install on our Linux system to enhance user experience. It’s one of the earliest desktop environments that was first released in 1996 as a replacement for CDE (Common Desktop Environment). [ You might also like: 13 Open Source Linux Desktop Environments ] XFCE is a lightweight desktop environment with a small memory footprint and is easy on your computing resources. It takes up only a tiny fraction of the CPU and memory usage compared to its counterparts such as GNOME and KDE. This is ideal when it comes to system performance as this avails the available resources to other processes. In addition, XFCE is highly configurable, stable and provides a myriad of built-in plugins to extend functionality. In this article, we will walk you through the installation of XFCE Desktop on RHEL-based Linux distributions such as Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_GDU_Disk_Usage_Analyzer_on_Ubuntu_– VITUX⠀⇛ With new uses for computers being discovered every day, disk usage has grown exponentially. Where 40GBs of HDD storage used to suffice for personal computing, now even terabytes of disk storage fail to do the job. All the resources and cache files have started taking up more storage space to perform more functions, and with that, it has brought forth the need for smarter disk utilization. Unlike Windows, Ubuntu 20.04 comes with multiple built-in options to help you with that. Let’s explore those in order to help you start with effective and efficient disc usage management. # ⚓ How_to_Repair_File_System_Errors_in_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Whether you are an experienced Linux administrator or an elite Linux user, dealing with Linux file system errors can be a headache for anyone. However, this headache has a valid prescription if you can pinpoint or identify the filesystem partition that is causing your Linux OS to have performance issues. Most Linux operating systems come preconfigured with the fsck (file system check) terminal-based utility. This file repair tool requires that the immediate Linux user be familiar with the basic understanding and usage of the Linux command line environment and its associated commands. # ⚓ How_to_Set_up_Authentication_in_Mongodb_–_Citizix⠀⇛ In this guide we will learn how to set up Authentication for Mongodb. This guide has been tested on MongoDB version 4.x and 5.x. The default installation of Mongodb doesn’t have authentication enabled. Often times when you connect to the service you will get a warning like this: Access control is not enabled for the database. MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented NoSQL database program that uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and licensed under the Server Side Public License. Instead of storing data in tables of rows or columns like SQL databases, each record in a MongoDB database is a document described in BSON, a binary representation of the data. Applications can then retrieve this information in a JSON format. # ⚓ How_to_Setup_Teampass_Password_Manager_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ Most users have a lot of social media, email, and other accounts on the internet. It is very difficult for anyone to manage all their account and passwords. This is where the password manager comes into the picture. Team pass is an open-source password manager that helps you to store and manage all your passwords from the central location. It is a collaborative password manager that allows you to share all stored passwords with team members. You can also set access rights for each user to control them to access only a given set of data. # ⚓ How_to_Update_FreeBSD_from_Git⠀⇛ With FreeBSD’s ongoing migration to git from subversion, the system for updating FreeBSD from source has adapted. This guide will cover getting sources from git, updating them, and how to bisect those sources. It is meant as an introduction to the new mechanics for general users. # ⚓ How_to_install_Mongodb_5_in_Rocky_Linux/Centos_8_– Citizix⠀⇛ In this guide we are going to learn how to install MongoDB 5.0 Community Edition on a Rocky Linux/ Centos 8 MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented NoSQL database program that uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and licensed under the Server Side Public License. MongoDB was built for people building internet and business applications who need to evolve quickly and scale elegantly. Companies and development teams of all sizes use MongoDB for a wide variety of reasons. # ⚓ How_to_install_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_ISO_in_VirtualBox_VM_to test_it⠀⇛ Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Linux is the upcoming Long term version from Canonical developers, set to be released in April 2022. Although while doing this tutorial to know the steps for the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS installation on VirtualBox, this Linux was in the beta stage. However, that doesn’t matter even the process will be the same for stable or any old versions of Ubuntu. Most of the users would already be familiar with VirtualBox, if not, then it is an open-source project from Oracle to run virtual machines on all popular operating systems such as Windows, Linux, macOS, and FreeBSD. # ⚓ How_to_use_service_binding_with_RabbitMQ_|_Red_Hat Developer⠀⇛ The Kubernetes ecosystem has inconsistent ways to expose Secrets to applications in order to allow them to connect to services. Many service providers have their own bespoke methods of binding an application to their services, which can slow down development teams considerably. The Service Binding Operator remedies this by managing the binding process. This article walks through a simple example of service binding in action using the open source RabbitMQ message broker. # ⚓ Install_and_Uninstall_Virtualizor_On_CentOS_8_–_Unixcop_the Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛ Virtualizor is a powerful web based VPS Control Panel using which a user can deploy and manage VPS on servers with a single click. Virtualizor supports KVM, Xen, OpenVZ, Proxmox, Virtuozzo, LXC, etc with an inbuilt hourly billing system.. Virtualizor is designed for you to deploy and manage VPS on servers with a single click. As this module supports non-standard functions, end users can start, stop, restart and manage their VPS. Virtualizor is perfect for operations because it supports OpenVZ, Xen PV, Xen HVM, XenServer, and Linux KVM virtualization. So, in this tutorial we will learn, how to install Virtualizor on centos 8 # ⚓ Running_FCOS_on_your_Raspberry_Pi_4⠀⇛ The Raspberry Pi 4 uses an EEPROM to boot the system. For the best experience getting FCOS to run on the RPi4 please update the EEPROM to the latest version. To check if you have the latest version you can go to the raspberrypi/rpi-eeprom releases page and make sure the version reported by your Raspberry Pi on boot is from around the same date as the last release. # ⚓ How_to_Upgrade_Fedora_to_a_New_Release⠀⇛ Fedora Linux is community-driven Linux distribution maintained by the Fedora Project which is mainly sponsored by Red Hat a subsidiary of IBM. Fedora is a free, user-friendly, and great Linux distribution to start learning. Fedora Project brings Fedora Workstation – for laptop and desktops, Fedora Server – run application bare metal or cloud with a Linux server, Fedora lot – focussing for lot ecosystems and Fedora Spins – Alternative desktops for Fedora. Fedora brings two major releases (stable) every year. Every Fedora release involves two development releases: Rawhide and Branched. Rawhide is the current development version, updated daily basis. Branched is a development branch for pre-release (beta) stabilization. Fedora release reaches End of Life (EOL) for distribution X after the Fedora X+2 release. # ⚓ Using_the_cheat_command_on_Fedora_Linux_|_Network_World⠀⇛ The term “cheat sheet” has long been used to refer to listings of commands with quick explanations and examples that help people get used to running them on the Linux command line and understanding their many options. Most Linux users have, at one time or another, relied on cheat sheets to get them started. There is, however, a tool called “cheat” that comes with a couple hundred cheat sheets and that installs quickly and easily on Fedora and likely many other Linux systems. Read on to see how the cheat command works. # ⚓ How_to_install_Synthesizer_V_Editor_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Synthesizer V Editor on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/ audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. This tutorial will only work on Chromebooks with an Intel or AMD CPU (with Linux Apps Support) and not those with an ARM64 architecture CPU. # ⚓ Install_NetBackup_8.x/9.x_on_CentOS_8_|_RHEL_8_Single_Node –_Unixcop_the_Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛ NetBackup provides high-performance backups and restores for a variety of platforms, including Microsoft Windows, UNIX, and Linux systems. So, in this post you will learn how to install Netbackup. The collection of clients and media servers managed by a single master is called a NetBackup domain. NetBackup domains can be segregated based on geographic, organizational, performance, or administrative reasons. Sometimes you want to segregate clients into distinct collections for administrative or performance reasons. With NetBackup, you can put each of these separate client groups in its own NetBackup domain. Each domain has its own master and collection of media servers. # ⚓ Download_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_(Jammy_Jellyfish)_ISO_file-_Daily Build⠀⇛ We already have the stable version of Ubuntu 21.10 Impish Indri, however, people looking for a long- term version hardly have switched to it. But don’t forget Impish is the one that going to set a foundation ground for the upcoming Ubuntu 22.04 – Jammy Jellyfish, the next long-term supported version from Canonical, set to be released in April 2022. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Godot_Engine_–_Release_candidate:_Godot_3.4_RC_3⠀⇛ The upcoming Godot 3.4 release will provide a number of new features which have been backported from the 4.0 development branch (see our release policy for details on the various Godot versions). With this third Release Candidate, we have frozen feature development and are nearly ready to release the stable version. If you already reviewed the changelog for RC 2, you can skip right to the differences between RC 2 and RC 3. It’s short, as we mainly fixed a few new and old regressions, as well as input issues caused by changes in macOS Monterey. # ⚓ Vulkan_gets_new_Dynamic_Rendering_extension,_NVIDIA_Vulkan Beta_470.62.07_rolls_out⠀⇛ Two bits of Vulkan news to cover this morning as there’s a new Vulkan version up with a brand new and useful sounding extension for optimization. Plus, NVIDIA released a new Vulkan Beta Driver. # ⚓ Fantastic_idle_game_Melvor_Idle_leaves_Early_Access_this month,_teams_with_Jagex_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Melvor Idle is an idle / clicker game from developer Malcs and it’s one of the most popular in the genre. Currently available in Early Access, it’s set to hit 1.0 this month. No exact set date has been given over than November but they did confirm a big update coming with a new skill, an in-game tutorial, more end-game content, an upgrade to the statistics system and translations to 12 languages. Lots of quality of life upgrades will arrive too including running from combat with loot, a 4th equipment set, all potions to work offline, custom bank sorting and more. # ⚓ Valve_upgrades_Remote_Play_for_Linux_in_the_latest_Steam Client_Beta_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Valve has released another update to the Steam Client Beta and they continue improving Remote Play for Linux players, likely for the upcoming Steam Deck support. In this release made on November 2, Valve added support for VA-API hardware encoding on Linux, with support for AMD and Intel. You can turn it off with a setting in the Remote Play advanced host settings. Also new is support for DMABUF PipeWire capture on Linux, enabled by launching Steam with - pipewire-dmabuf. It needs you to have the 32-bit libgbm.so.1 also installed. On top of that you can now capture up to 4K using PipeWire on Linux and there’s a rare crash fix for streaming from a Linux PC. # ⚓ Diablo_and_Hellfire_source-port_DevilutionX_gets_a_big upgrade_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ DevilutionX is a source available game engine source-port of the classic Diablo and Hellfire, updated for modern platforms and there’s a new release out. The legal status of it remains pretty problematic though, since it was constructed thanks to debugging information left in an old port, which was used to reconstruct the code. With that in mind, it’s not open source but both Devilution and DevilutionX seem to have been left alone by Blizzard and it also requires you own a legal copy (available on GOG.com) for the data files. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] OpenBSD_on_AWS⠀⇛ For the last few weeks, I’ve been doing lots of testing of NetBSD‘s build.sh cross-build system on lots of different platforms. Linux is readily available on AWS, as is FreeBSD. You will find NetBSD and OpenBSD in some AWS locations. It’s more difficult to get the BSDs onto AWS because the standard upload tools detect the filesystems and if they are not on the list, the image is not allowed. The BSD FFS and variants are not on the list. Fortunately there are other tools and other ways to build images. It’s a little protracted. You need to first build a VM, convert it to VMDK, upload it to S3, create a snapshot and then convert it to an AMI. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Knative_1.0:_Run_serverless_workloads_on_Kubernetes_– IBM_Developer⠀⇛ Today we join the Knative community to celebrate the biggest milestone of the project. Knative 1.0 is generally available. In this blog post, we briefly retrace the history of Knative, discuss 1.0 features, highlight IBM and Red Hat contributions, and imagine possible future directions. [...] Knative as a project started at Google in 2018 to create a serverless substrate on Kubernetes. In addition to dynamic scaling (with the ability to scale to zero in Kubernetes), other original goals of the project include the ability to process and react to CloudEvents, and to build (create) the images for the components of your system. While the two initial big components survived, the build aspect of Knative was folded into what is now the Tekton CI/CD open source software (OSS) pipelining project part of the CD Foundation. The rest of Knative continued to grow over the past two years, reaching 1.0 today. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ben_Hutchings:_Debian_LTS_work,_October_2021⠀⇛ In October I was assigned 1.25 hours of work by Freexian’s Debian LTS initiative and carried over 28.75 hours from earlier months. I worked 14.75 hours and will carry over the remainder. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Canonical_releases_Ubuntu_images_optimized_for Elkhart_Lake_and_Tiger_Lake_IoT_features⠀⇛ Canonical has released images of Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 and Ubuntu Core 20 that are optimized with the latest kernel patches for IoT features found on Intel’s Elkhart Lake and 11th Gen Tiger Lake Core CPUs such as TCC and TSN. Intel-based devices running Ubuntu represent a major chunk of the Internet of Things market, but not all the IoT features found on Intel’s latest processors make it into the Linux kernel. To save embedded developers the trouble of patching and optimizing Ubuntu, Canonical has released a pair of Ubuntu images that are tailored for Intel’s 10nm Elkhart Lake (Atom x6000, Pentium, Celeron N/ J) and more powerful 11th Gen Tiger Lake platforms. Optimized images are now available for download for Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 and the more embedded-focused Ubuntu Core 20. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Hardware_Project_Becomes_Successful_Product_For_Solo Developer_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ [Michael Lynch] has been a solo developer for over three years now, and has been carefully cataloguing his attempts at generating revenue for himself ever since making the jump to being self-employed. Success is not just hard work; it is partly knowing when the pull the plug on an idea, and [Micheal] has been very open about his adventures in this area. He shares the good news about a DIY project of his that ended up becoming a successful product, complete with dollar amounts and frank observations. # ⚓ Tiny_Open_Hardware_Linux_SBC_Hides_In_Plain_Sight_| Hackaday⠀⇛ There was a time, not quite so long ago, when a computer was a beige box that sat on your desk. Before that, computers were big enough to double as desks, and even farther back, they took up a whole room. Today? Well today it’s complicated. Single- board computers (SBCs) like the Raspberry Pi put a full desktop experience in the palm of your hand, for a price that would have been unfathomable before the smartphone revolution increased demand for high-performance ARM chips. [...] But of course, nothing keeps you from using the WiFiWart for non-security purposes. That’s what has us particularly excited, as you can never have enough open hardware Linux boards. Especially ones this tiny. Removed from its wall charger disguise, the brains of the WiFiWart could be used for all kinds of projects. Plus, not only is the final design open source, but [Walker] made sure to only use free and open source tools to create it. Keeping his entire workflow open means it will be easier for the community to utilize and improve upon his initial design, which in the end, is the whole idea behind the open hardware movement and efforts such as the Hackaday Prize. # ⚓ Computer_Vision_Lets_You_Skip_Songs_With_A_Glance_| Hackaday⠀⇛ At the core of this project is the Raspberry Pi, specifically the 3 B+ model, though with the computational demands of computer vision you might want to bump it up to the latest-and-greatest Pi 4. From there you need to load up OpenCV and a model trained for face detection, which as luck would have it, tends to be a fairly common application for this technology. # ⚓ Cat_Lamin_on_building_a_global_educator_family_|_Hello World_#17⠀⇛ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hedgehog_Gesture_Sensor_Built_With_Cheap_Time-of- Flight_Modules⠀⇛ The system relies on four VL53L1X time of flight sensors, which have a 16×16 scanning array and communicate over the I2C bus. Controlling the show is an Arduino MKR1010, though the project should be achievable with a range of other microcontrollers, too. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Life_is_complicated._There’s_more_than_one_way to_browse_to_meet_your_needs_with_Firefox Focus.⠀⇛ Naturally, you hop on the web to get answers. If you want to keep your random web browsing separate and private, Firefox Focus is THE companion phone app for all those forget-about-it moments online. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_RDieHarder_0.2.2_on_CRAN:_Simpler Build,_Fixes⠀⇛ An updated version 0.2.2 of the random-number generator tester RDieHarder (based on the DieHarder suite developed / maintained by Robert Brown with contributions by David Bauer and myself) is now on CRAN. I should dub this the ‘due to Brian Ripley’ release. He sent me a detailed five-point email a few days ago which detailed a change I could not have tested (“no access”), a change I would not have known (“somewhat obscure C language bit-level manipulation”), a change I had missed (how my build setup failed for M1mac), another advanced C level fix, and one more simple fix I actually knew. Speechless. The man (I presume) does not sleep and is just so generous with his time and expertise. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The_Riddle_of_Who_We_Are⠀⇛ Throughout his fiction and nonfiction, Francisco Goldman has mapped the many border lines that pervade his life. Some of his novels have mined his Central American family connections. His journalistic work has uncovered the genocidal policies of the US government and its Guatemalan government collaborators. Sometimes he has adopted the detached demeanor of a forensic investigator looking into horrible crimes. o ⚓ How_Much_Longer_Will_Major_League_Baseball_Stay_in_the_Closet?⠀⇛ Since then, attitudes and laws about homosexuality have changed. High-profile figures in business, politics, show business, education, the media, the military and sports have come out of the closet. Athletes in three of the five major U.S. male team sports – the NBA, NFL and MLS – have come out while still playing, with NFL player Carl Nassib and NHL prospect Luke Prokop coming out in summer 2021. Meanwhile, according to OutSports magazine, at least 185 publicly out LGBTQ athletes – 90% of them women – participated in this summer’s Tokyo Olympic Games, more than in all previous Summer Olympics combined. o ⚓ [Old] A_Piece_of_Internet_History⠀⇛ Like an increasing number of Internet service providers who have shut down their newsgroup servers, Duke decided to retire its aging Usenet server based on low usage and rising costs. The decision prompted a handful of calls to the OIT Service Desk and even some chatter in the blogosphere. Duke users can still access Usenet archives — the largest collection of posted online messages — through Google Groups. o ⚓ All_Souls_Day⠀⇛ Some lives have a resolute, earnest design. On the Night of All Souls, in  two thousand and nine Three elderly women, and two ancient men Prayed in the light of the full moon, and then Cut a hole in a chain-link fence, stepped through the space And onto the  Kilsap-Bangor Naval Base. There was Sister Montgomery, now eighty-three “Who’ll  take on  this work if we don’t?”  declared  she. “That’s what religions were set up to do Though the spirit’s been lost through the ages, it’s true”. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ 30_Days_Of_Terror:_The_Logistics_Of_Launching_The_James Webb_Space_Telescope_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ ack during the 2019 Superconference in Pasadena, I had the chance to go to Northrop Grumman’s Redondo Beach campus to get a look at the James Webb Space Telescope. There is the high-bay class 10,000+ cleanroom in building M8, my wife and I along with fellow space nerd Tom Nardi got a chance to look upon what is likely the most expensive single object ever made. The $10 billion dollar space observatory was undergoing what we thought were its final tests before being packaged up and sent on its way to its forever home at the L2 Lagrange point. Sadly, thanks to technical difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic, it would be another two years before JWST was actually ready to ship — not a new story for the project, Mike Szczys toured the same facility back in 2015. But the good news is that it finally has shipped, taking the very, very slow first steps on its journey to space. Both the terrestrial leg of the trip and the trip through 1.5 million kilometers of space are fraught with peril, of a different kind, of course, but still with plenty of chances for mission-impacting events. Here’s a look at what the priceless and long-awaited observatory will face along the way, and how its minders will endure the “30 days of terror” that lie ahead. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ How_the_War_Over_Critical_Race_Theory_Affects_Native Americans⠀⇛ Discourse about race in America often takes on a kind of black-white dichotomy, and the panic over “critical race theory” is no different. We’ve seen images of angry white parents at protests, demanding bans on the teaching of CRT—in every grade from kindergarten to college. We’ve seen bans on teaching Martin Luther King’s writing, or reading books about Ruby Bridges—essentially any discussions of historical or current racism. # ⚓ Despite_General_Satisfaction_with_E-rate_Program,_Tribal Libraries_Are_Being_Left_Behind⠀⇛ “Nearly 40 percent of respondents had never heard of e-rate,” chat messaged meeting attendee Miriam Jorgensen, research director of the Native Nations Institute at the University of Arizona, referencing an Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries, & Museums (ATALM) survey of tribal libraries. “Many of those who had felt that the program was too complicated to apply for,” she said. # ⚓ Architect_Resigns_in_Protest_over_UCSB_Mega-Dorm⠀⇛ So far, McFadden continued, the university has not offered any research or data to justify the unprecedented departure from normal student housing standards, historical trends, and basic sustainability principles. “Rather,” he said, “as the ‘vision’ of a single donor, the building is a social and psychological experiment with an unknown impact on the lives and personal development of the undergraduates the university serves.” McFadden explains he felt compelled to step down from the Design Review Committee (DRC) after it became clear during an October 5 presentation that the dorm’s plans were already set in stone. “The design was described as 100% complete, approval was not requested, no vote was taken, and no further submittals are intended or required,” he said. “Yet in the nearly fifteen years I served as a consulting architect to the DRC, no project was brought before the committee that is larger, more transformational, and potentially more destructive to the campus as a place than Munger Hall.” This kind of outlandish proposal is exactly why the committee exists, he said. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Her_Heart_Was_Beating_Too!’_Protests_Erupt_in_Poland_After Woman_Dies_as_Direct_Result_of_Abortion_Ban⠀⇛ “The doctors were waiting for the fetus to die. They waited and watched for the fetus’ heart to stop beating. She also had a heart that kept beating!” # ⚓ ‘Making_a_Killing’_Amid_Pandemic,_Pfizer_Boosts_Vaccine Sales_Forecast_to_$36_Billion⠀⇛ Public health campaigners on Tuesday accused Pfizer of putting profits over human life after the U.S.- based pharmaceutical giant raised its coronavirus vaccine sales projection to $36 billion for 2021, a move that came as the company faced backlash for denying shots to pandemic-ravaged poor countries. “That Pfizer has been able to earn billions of dollars in revenue in the last three months alone, while failing to provide vaccines to billions of people, is a failure of catastrophic proportions,” Patrick Wilcken, head of business and human rights at Amnesty International, said in a statement Tuesday. “Not only has the vast majority of its vaccines gone to high and upper-middle- income countries, but Pfizer has also consistently refused to waive its intellectual property rights and share vaccine technology.” # ⚓ ACTION_ALERT:_USA_Today_Stokes_Parents’_Fears_of_Child Vaccination⠀⇛ After an FDA advisory panel authorized Pfizer/ BioNTech’s pediatric dose for kids ages 5–11 in a 17–0 vote (with one abstention), USA Today (10/28/ 21) responded with the headline, “Weighing the Risks of Vaccines for Kids: Unknowns Will Make It a Tough Decision for Some.” # ⚓ Health_Care_Understaffing_Is_Deadly_—_That’s_Why_Kaiser Workers_May_Strike⠀⇛ # ⚓ Latest_Moral_Panic:_No,_TikTok_Probably_Isn’t_Giving Teenage_Girls_Tourette_Syndrome⠀⇛ If you recall, the U.S. spent much of 2020 freaking out about TikTok’s threat to privacy, while oddly ignoring that the company’s privacy practices are pretty much the international norm (and ignoring a whole lot of significantly worse online security and privacy problems we routinely do nothing about). More recently there was another moral panic over the idea that TikTok was turning children into immoral thieving hellspawn as part of the Devious licks meme challenge. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Is_Skeuomorphism_dead?_I_don’t_think_so,_here’s why.⠀⇛ In fact, skeuomorphism has been around for quite some time, the first commercial personal computers sporting Graphical User Interface (GUI) was introduced to the world in the 1980s. The Xerox Star, Apple’s Lisa and Macintosh all showcased graphical elements such as a piece of paper with a folded corner to represent a document, a folder to represent a folder (duh), a box containing spreadsheets to be a file, and of course the iconic trash can where deleted files are stored. # ⚓ Microsoft:_Windows_11_built-in_apps_might_not_open_on some_systems⠀⇛ # ⚓ CISA_orders_federal_agencies_to_fix_hundreds_of exploited_security_flaws⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_‘Groove’_Ransomware_Gang_Was_a_Hoax⠀⇛ A number of publications in September warned about the emergence of “Groove,” a new ransomware group that called on competing extortion gangs to unite in attacking U.S. government interests online. It now appears that Groove was all a big hoax designed to toy with security firms and journalists. # ⚓ House_passes_bills_to_shore_up_small_business cybersecurity⠀⇛ The Small Business Administration (SBA) Cyber Awareness Act would require the SBA to issue a report on its cybersecurity capabilities and notify Congress in the event of a cybersecurity breach potentially compromising sensitive information. The legislation, sponsored by Reps. Jason Crow (D-Colo.) and Young Kim (R-Calif.), was previously approved by the House in 2019 but failed to be signed into law during the last Congress. It was unanimously passed Tuesday by a vote of 423-0. # ⚓ The_IT_establishment_is_dressing_in_new_clothes⠀⇛ The quest to escape commoditisation is pushing the industry towards services. IT has always been a lumpy business, with customers paying large sums of money for new wares once every few years. At the same time hardware and even some software have become low-margin businesses. Subscriptions to services, by contrast, bring more predictable revenues and higher profits. Services are good for buyers, too, argues Pierre Ferragu of New Street, an equity-research firm. In the past a customer might have had to buy an oversized network switch for $10,000. Now it can be had for $3,000, plus $2,000 a year for services. “Everybody is happier,” he explains. # ⚓ Daily_Mail_praised_for_its_journalism_–_by_Windows ransomware_gang⠀⇛ The Daily Mail’s report about the attack said among the customers was the current crown prince of Saudi Arabia, Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and also the ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid. [...] The attackers behind Conti appeared to be upset about the data of people from the Gulf states being among the victims, saying they would delete all information about the Graff attack from their website. “Conti guarantees that any information pertaining to members of Saudi Arabia, UAE and Qatar families will be deleted without any exposure and review. Our team apologises to His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman and any other members of the royal families whose names were mentioned in any publication for any inconvenience,” it said. The gang said no further information about the attack had been published, adding that it would implement a more stringent process in future when publishing data after attacks. # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Stalking_the_Messenger:_Ending Impunity_for_Illegal_Surveillance⠀⇛ In spite of being illegal under international human rights law, actors involved in illegal surveillance are almost never held accountable. # ⚓ UK_Schools_Normalizing_Biometric Collection_By_Using_Facial_Recognition_For Meal_Payments⠀⇛ Subjecting students to surveillance tech is nothing new. Most schools have had cameras installed for years. Moving students from desks to laptops allows schools to monitor internet use, even when students aren’t on campus. Bringing police officers into schools to participate in disciplinary problems allows law enforcement agencies to utilize the same tech and analytics they deploy against the public at large. And if cameras are already in place, it’s often trivial to add facial recognition features. # ⚓ ‘Pivotal_Moment’_as_Facebook_Ditches ‘Dangerous’_Facial_Recognition_System⠀⇛ Digital rights advocates on Tuesday welcomed Facebook’s announcement that it plans to jettison its facial recognition system, which critics contend is dangerous and often inaccurate technology abused by governments and corporations to violate people’s privacy and other rights. “Corporate use of face surveillance is very dangerous to people’s privacy.” # ⚓ PDX_Privacy:_Building_Community_Defenses in_Difficult_Times⠀⇛ Here, the EFF Organizing Team talks to three members of PDX Privacy about how they started, and what they’ve learned fighting for privacy through both advocacy and popular education. # ⚓ Zoom_to_start_showing_ads_on_free_model⠀⇛ Zoom will start showing ads to users on the video conferencing platforms’ free model as part of a new pilot program, the company said Monday. For the initial pilot program, ads will only be shown on the browser page users see once they end their meeting using the “free Basic” model. Only free Basic users will see the ads if they join meetings hosted by other free Basic users, according to Zoom’s blog post. # ⚓ What_Mark_Zuckerberg_Must_Do_Next⠀⇛ If Zuckerberg manages to pull this off, it will be the greatest corporate pivot of all time. You could argue Netflix’s DVD-to- streaming move was the previous record holder in this department. But if he doesn’t pull it off and Facebook doesn’t end up cornering the metaverse market (Epic Games and Roblox are looking pretty well situated right now in that respect), this will be Zuckerberg’s New Coke moment. # ⚓ Facebook_to_end_use_of_facial_recognition software⠀⇛ Last year, Facebook also settled a long-running legal dispute about the way it scans and tags photos. The case has been ongoing since 2015, and it was agreed the firm would pay $550m (£421m) to a group of users in Illinois who argued its facial recognition tool was in violation of the state’s privacy laws. # ⚓ Face_Recognition_Is_So_Toxic,_Facebook_Is Dumping_It⠀⇛ Commercial use of face recognition technology presents its own range of privacy and security concerns. Facebook’s discontinuing of this program, including the reported deleting of over one billion face prints, makes it one of the largest face recognition programs to be ended since the technology was invented. As Facebook wrote in its statement, “This change will represent one of the largest shifts in facial recognition usage in the technology’s history. More than a third of Facebook’s daily active users have opted in to our Face Recognition setting and are able to be recognized, and its removal will result in the deletion of more than a billion people’s individual facial recognition templates.” An earlier version of Facebook’s program collected faceprints from its users without their consent, which violated the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA). The company settled a BIPA lawsuit by paying its Illinois users $650 million.  Facebook says that it will maintain the use of face recognition in “services that help people gain access to a locked account, verify their identity in financial products or unlock a personal device.” Also, the company imagines a future in which the technology could be reintroduced to make the platform more accessible. But for now, it has weighed that use against the ongoing social harms of face recognition technology.  # ⚓ Facebook_to_shut_down_facial_recognition system⠀⇛ Facebook will also delete the templates for the more than a billion people, more than a third of the platform’s daily active users, who opted into the Face Recognition setting, according to the blog post. Facebook’s facial recognition technology was used to allow users the option to be automatically notified when they appear in photos or videos posted by others and suggest users to “tag” in photos and videos they post. Those features will no longer be available as part of the update. # ⚓ Facebook_is_shutting_down_its_Face Recognition_tagging_program⠀⇛ Meta artificial intelligence VP Jerome Pesenti calls the change part of a “company-wide move to limit the use of facial recognition in our products.” The move follows a lawsuit that accused Facebook’s tagging tech of violating Illinois’ biometric privacy law, leading to a $650 million settlement in February. Facebook previously restricted facial recognition to an opt-in feature in 2019. # ⚓ Dropbox_is_adding_folders_that_will automatically_organize_for_you⠀⇛ Dropbox is adding a feature that will let you add automation to folders so new files are automatically renamed, grouped into subfolders, or more. The feature is called, perhaps unsurprisingly, Automated Folders, and Dropbox says it can help you (and any co-workers you share files with) stay organized with standardized names and tags. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Welcome_to_Hell_on_Earth,_Brought_to_You_by_‘The American_Century’⠀⇛ On February 1, 1941, less than 10 months before the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor and the U.S. found itself in a global war, Henry Luce, in an editorial in Life magazine (which he founded along with Time and Fortune), declared the years to come “the American Century.”  He then urged this country’s leaders to “exert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such purposes as we see fit.” # ⚓ Guam:_Resisting_Empire_at_the_“Tip_of_the_Spear”⠀⇛ Hagåtña, Guam—To get onto her family’s land, Monaeka Flores drives through a gate guarded by US military security, then continues up to a booth, where an officer scans her special military-issued ID and waves her through. Or at least that’s how it’s supposed to work. Mishaps often snarl the trip. Sometimes security mixes up her personal information with her family’s. Other times she’s barred from the land outright. In July, she missed a family barbecue because her ID, which needs to be renewed annually, had expired, and she hadn’t made it to the security office in time to get a new one. Hosting is a crapshoot, too, since the military requires visitors to get cleared before entering. Flores said a friend had recently been turned away because the background check program was down when they went to the security office. This article was published with support from Columbia University’s Ira A. Lipman Center for Journalism and Civil and Human Rights and the Gumshoe Group. # ⚓ The_U.S._Has_an_Unhealthy_Obsession_With_Cuba⠀⇛ Public funding for the anti-Castro industry in the United States seems inexhaustible. In the last year, at least 54 organizations have benefitedfrom the State Department, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and USAID programs for Cuba. In the last 20 years, this agency has given Creative Associates International, a CIA front, more than $1.8 billion for espionage, propaganda and the recruitment of agents of “change” including on the island. One of its best-known projects, the so- called “Cuban Twitter” or ZunZuneo, resulted in a superb failure that unveiled a plot of corruption and flagrant violations of U.S. law. ZunZuneo cost the USAID director his job, but Creative Associates International continues to operate, only now undercover. The American researcher Tracey Eaton, who for years has followed the route of these funds, commented in a recent interview that many of the financing programs for “regime change” in Cuba are so stealthy that we will probably never know who all the recipients are or what the total amount is, and judging by the known millions, the subsidy must reach an even greater figure. According to letters from the State Department and USAID that Eaton has received, “democracy-building” strategies are considered “trade secrets” and are exempt from disclosure under the U.S. Freedom of Information Act. # ⚓ The_Chancellor_Balfour_Declaration⠀⇛ At Hotel Cecil, Balfour presided the conference dinner attended by universities delegates, heads of colleges, and “men prominent in educational and scientific work.” After the customary toasts, Balfour delivered a speech in which he celebrated the foundation of the new British-colonial academic alliance and explained why this was a remarkable political achievement: “It is not merely, or simply, or chiefly that there are here in this room representatives of scholarship, of science, of all the great spheres of activity in which modern thought is indulging itself. It is that we are here representing what will turn out to be, I believe, a great alliance of the greatest educational instruments in the Empire—an alliance of all the universities that, in an increasing measure, are feeling their responsibilities, not merely for training the youth which is destined to carry on the traditions of the British Empire, but also to further those great interests of knowledge, scientific research, and culture without which no Empire, however materially magnificent, can really say that it is doing to share in the progress of the world.” In Balfour’s mind, the new academic alliance was a crucial tool for cementing Britain’s global dominance. But it was also a key instrument for affirming a sense of a racialised Anglo-Saxon unity: “We boast a community of blood, of language, of laws, of literature,” the ecstatic Chancellor-PM exclaimed at the conference dinner. [...] After ending his tenure as Prime Minister in 1905, Balfour withdrew for almost a decade from the centre-stage of imperial foreign policy, before making his return in 1916 as Foreign Secretary. But in those ten years, the Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh continued to construct British academic space as an imperial project. # ⚓ ‘No_Time_to_Waste’:_Biden_Urged_to_Repair_US-Iran_Relations With_Humanitarian_Aid⠀⇛ Dozens of groups called on U.S. President Joe Biden on Tuesday to restore diplomatic relations with the Iranian government by assisting with humanitarian efforts to combat the Covid-19 pandemic and rejoining the Iran nuclear deal. “The U.S. can get a win-win that boosts our diplomats at the negotiating table and saves lives.” # ⚓ Civil_War_Play_Set⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gun_Dealers_Are_Selling_Accessories_With_“Let’s_Go_Brandon” Slogan_on_Them⠀⇛ # ⚓ Green_stepping_stone_for_armed_drones_in_Germany⠀⇛ The Conservatives must watch their years-long push to arm drones from the opposition now # ⚓ EU_drones_for_people_in_distress:_Dropping_life_rafts_for pullbacks?⠀⇛ For the first time, drones are flying on behalf of an EU agency with rescue equipment on board. On the high seas, the actually useful technology could encourage illegal refoulements to countries like Libya. Perhaps the new function will only be used for minor maritime emergencies in European waters. # ⚓ Taliban_Say_Islamic_State_Gunmen_Stormed_Kabul_Military Hospital⠀⇛ IS-Khorasan has intensified attacks in Afghanistan since the Taliban took control of the country in mid-August. The violence has mainly targeted Taliban fighters and members of the minority Shi’ite community, killing and injuring hundreds of people. # ⚓ Florida_firefighter_pleads_guilty_for_role_in_Capitol_ [insurrection]⠀⇛ A mob objecting to the election victory of Democratic President Joe Biden broke into the Capitol on Jan. 6 as members of Congress met to certify the results. Most of the participants had just come from a nearby rally where Trump accused Democrats of stealing the election. At least five deaths have been connected to the attack, including the death of Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick, who was among a badly outnumbered force trying to fight off the intruders. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Nations_with_85%_of_Earth’s_forests_pledge_to_reverse deforestation⠀⇛ The Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use also includes Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and its signatories account for about 85% of the world’s forests. # ⚓ Climate_Change_Mitigation:_Every_Fraction_of_a_Degree_of Global_Warming_Matters⠀⇛ At the 2009 Copenhagen climate talks, Lumumba Di- Aping, former chief negotiator of the G77 bloc — composed mostly of climate-vulnerable nations — spoke with clarity and understanding of the gravity of the situation: “We have been asked to sign a suicide pact.” He called 2°C “certain death for Africa,” and said that these actions constituted a type of “climate fascism imposed” on Africa by wealthy, high carbon-emitting countries.” Over a decade later, these words are still very relevant for all of us in MAPA. # ⚓ Vostok_Island_on_Google_Maps:_Tiny_Pacific_Ocean_land_mass sparks_conspiracy_theories⠀⇛ After young birds hatch, the chicks often become entangled and entrapped in the sticky bunches, weighing them down and keeping them stuck to the tree. The trees are also responsible for killing adult birds, with only a handful of seeds weighing them down and stopping them from flying. # ⚓ Samoan_Climate_Activist_Brianna_Fruean:_If_Pacific_Islands Drown,_the_Rest_of_the_World_Is_Doomed⠀⇛ We speak with Brianna Fruean, an activist from Samoa, who implored global leaders at the U.N. climate summit to consider how small islands like Samoa, Tutuila and Tonga might drown without urgent action against rising sea levels. She told the audience, “If you’re looking for inspiration on climate leadership, take a look at young Pacific people.” Many Pacific islands are in danger of vanishing in the next decade if sea levels and global temperatures continue to rise. “If we are able to save the islands, we are able to save the world,” Fruean tells Democracy Now! # ⚓ Dinosaur_Warns_Nations_Are_“Driving_Themselves_to Extinction”_with_Billions_in_Fossil_Fuel_Subsidies⠀⇛ A new ad released by the United Nations Development Program shows a computer-generated dinosaur speaking in the U.N. General Assembly hall, warning diplomats that “going extinct is a bad thing” and calling for an end to fossil fuel subsidies. The dinosaur is voiced by Jack Black. # ⚓ Absolute_Carbon_Reduction_Is_an_“Issue_of_Life_and_Death” for_Indigenous_Peoples⠀⇛ # ⚓ Poison_in_the_Air⠀⇛ From the urban sprawl of Houston to the riverways of Virginia, air pollution from industrial plants is elevating the cancer risk of an estimated quarter of a million Americans to a level the federal government considers unacceptable. Some of these hot spots of toxic air are infamous. An 85-mile stretch of the Mississippi River in Louisiana that’s thronged with oil refineries and chemical plants has earned the nickname Cancer Alley. Many other such areas remain unknown, even to residents breathing in the contaminated air. # ⚓ WhatsApp⠀⇛ Using the EPA’s data, we mapped the spread of cancer-causing industrial air emissions down to the neighborhood level. Look up your home to see if you and your loved ones are living in a hot spot. # ⚓ Can_Air_Pollution_Cause_Cancer?_What_You_Need_to_Know_About the_Risks.⠀⇛ You may be one of millions of people across the country who has lived in an area with an increased estimated cancer risk because of the chemicals industrial facilities release into the air. A number of residents have asked for more information about what this means, what the laws are, and what — if anything — they can do to protect themselves and their communities when the regulatory system does not. To answer their questions, we spoke to health experts and academics who study toxic air pollution, government officials and other residents who have lived in hot spots for decades. We also dug into reports and data. # ⚓ How_We_Created_the_Most_Detailed_Map_Ever_of_Cancer-Causing Industrial_Air_Pollution⠀⇛ ProPublica spent two years analyzing billions of rows of EPA data to visualize the spread of toxic air pollution from industrial facilities in the U.S. The result is the most detailed map of cancer- causing industrial air pollution ever published. # ⚓ Do_You_Live_Near_an_Industrial_Facility?_Help_Us Investigate.⠀⇛ We’re reporters with ProPublica, a nonprofit investigative news organization. We’re working on stories about industrial facilities that emit chemicals into the air and elevate the estimated cancer risk for surrounding neighborhoods. Help us do this work by submitting a tip below. We are eager to hear from communities, workers and regulators across the country to help shape and inform our upcoming investigations. These are our current areas of focus, but we still want to hear from you even if you do not have any connections to these locations or subjects: # ⚓ Defund_the_Global_Climate_Wall⠀⇛ Blinken’s sentiment was echoed by a report on the impact of climate change and migration from the White House earlier this month, one of a slew of reports as the U.S. prepared for the United Nations summit on climate change that begins in Glasgow on October 31. According to the report, “The current migration situation extending from the U.S.-Mexico border into Central America presents an opportunity for the United States to model good practice and discuss openly managing migration humanely, [and] highlight the role of climate change in migration.” Hypothetically, these words might reassure the more than 1.3 million Hondurans and Guatemalans displaced in 2020 by climate-induced catastrophes such as droughts, hurricanes, and floods. But the lofty rhetoric is contradicted by another story, one told by the U.S. government’s budgets. # ⚓ Tom_Goldtooth_at_COP26:_Absolute_Carbon_Reduction_Is_“Issue of_Life_and_Death”_for_Indigenous_Peoples⠀⇛ Countries attending the U.N. climate summit in Glasgow have made new pledges to cut their emissions, but activists say it’s not enough to avert the worst of the climate crisis. India has vowed to reduce its carbon emissions to net zero by 2070. Over 100 leaders have agreed to end deforestation by 2030. The United States is announcing a new plan to reduce methane emissions, among other measures. Tom Goldtooth, executive director of the Indigenous Environmental Network, is in Glasgow for the talks and warns the heavy focus on “net zero” rather than absolute carbon reductions suggests leaders are not planning to make serious changes. “It’s a continuing war against Mother Earth, against Father Sky,” says Goldtooth. “It is an issue of life and death to many of our Indigenous peoples, from the North to the South.” Climate campaigner Bill McKibben says the movement to divest from fossil fuels has had a major impact but that business interests are still holding back a transition to renewable energy. “Money is the oxygen on which the fires of global warming keep burning,” says McKibben. # ⚓ ‘You_Might_as_Well_Bomb_Our_Islands’:_Palau_President Admonishes_Big_Emitters_at_COP26⠀⇛ On the third day of the COP26 climate conference, Surangel Whipps Jr., president of the Pacific island nation of Palau, reprimanded the leaders of wealthy countries, telling the world’s biggest greenhouse gas emitters: “You might as well bomb our islands.” “We see the scorching sun is giving us intolerable heat, the warming sea is invading us, and the winds are blowing us every which way,” Whipps said Tuesday. “Our resources are disappearing before our eyes and our future is being robbed from us.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Time_Is_of_the_Essence:_This_Is_the_Decade_to Reduce_Emissions⠀⇛ This column is part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration cofounded by Columbia Journalism Review and The Nation to strengthen coverage of the climate story. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Imagining_a_Beautiful_Climate_Future_Into Existence⠀⇛ It’s been a heavy week for those of us who want to preserve life on earth. Somehow, the latest, greatest hope for a livable future is in the hands of one man—a senator, not even a king! Given how few Americans voted for him, it’s absurd that Joe Manchin has so much national influence. But when you factor in the scale of U.S. power and its historic and current responsibility for the climate crisis, it’s downright grotesque. # ⚓ ‘Huge_News’:_Biden_Brings_US_Back_Into_‘High_Ambition Coalition’_at_COP26⠀⇛ The United States on Tuesday rejoined an alliance of countries pushing for ambitious climate action including limiting Earth’s warming to 1.5°C.  The development was first reported by The Guardian. # ⚓ Bolivian_President_Warns_‘Carbon_Colonialism’_Won’t_Solve Climate_Crisis⠀⇛ While rich country leaders pushed what critics called false capitalist fixes to the climate crisis during Monday’s sessions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, Scotland, Bolivia’s socialist president warned that true solutions to the planetary emergency require moving beyond capitalism to an “alternative model” that centers living “together in harmony with Mother Earth.” “The solution to the climate crisis is not going to be achieved with more green capitalism and more global carbon markets.” # ⚓ Biden’s_New_Methane_Rules_‘Do_Not_Go_Far_Enough’_to_Slash Planet-Warming_Gas:_Critics⠀⇛ Environmentalists warned Tuesday that the Biden administration’s newly unveiled rules targeting methane emissions aren’t strong enough to sufficiently curb one of the most potent contributors to the global climate crisis. “Swiftly reducing methane emissions will result in significant and much-needed near-term climate progress.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Collapse_Total:_New_Tactics_and_Strategies_for the_Climate_Justice_Movement⠀⇛ Is climate collapse close to being averted? How close are we to winning? Is the climate justice movement organized to win? Are current strategies and tactics enough? What else do we need to try and how fast? The Glasgow Agreement, People’s Climate Commitment, is a global platform of grassroots and social movements for climate justice. It is planning on going after French multinational Total simultaneously all around the world this November, in an action called Collapse Total, and organising climate justice caravans in all continents next Spring. # ⚓ ‘Can’t_Frack_Our_Way_to_a_Safe_Climate’:_Biden_Condemned for_Approving_Fossil_Fuel_Lease_Sales_Amid_COP26⠀⇛ As U.S. President Joe Biden professed Washington’s alleged commitment to decarbonization during the ongoing COP26 climate summit, the White House on Tuesday authorized more fossil fuel pollution—advancing its plan to sell oil and gas leases on public lands even after concluding that the resultant emissions could generate billions of dollars in social and ecological damage. “While President Biden is talking a good talk on climate action, the reality is his administration is actively working to fan the flames of the climate crisis by selling more public lands for fracking.” # ⚓ Beware_Industry-Backed_‘Nature-Based_Solutions’_Scam,_Warns Global_Climate_Coalition⠀⇛ As a global climate summit continued in Glasgow, Scotland on Tuesday, an international coalition of advocacy groups warned world leaders that corporate polluters are pushing for “nature-based solutions” to capture planet-heating emissions so they can “keep burning fossil fuels, mine more of the planet, and increase industrial meat and dairy production.” “The purported solutions will result in ‘nature- based dispossessions.’” # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_How_Much_of_the_Worsening_Energy_Crisis_Is Due_to_Depletion?⠀⇛ Coal and natural gas spot prices have recently soared to record levels internationally, while oil is trading at over $80 a barrel—the highest price in seven years. Newspaper columnists are asking whether people in Europe and Asia who can’t afford high fuel and electricity prices might freeze this winter. High natural gas prices are causing fertilizer prices to spike, which will inevitably raise costs to farmers, with eventual catastrophic impact on people who already have trouble paying for food. # ⚓ Dim_Prospects_for_Climate_Mitigation⠀⇛ The report, which relies on previous findings by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and other scientific bodies, assumes that by 2030, a 1.5˚C rise in global temperature will be reached—the red line set by the Paris Agreement.  To change that trajectory, “the IPCC estimates that global emissions would have to drop sharply in the next decade and reach net zero by around 2050 to limit warming to 1.5˚C, or reach net zero by about 2070 to limit warming to 2˚C.” Such a dramatic reversal of current trends is extremely unlikely, according to the NIE. The “Key Judgments” # ⚓ Missing_from_the_Climate_Talks:_Limiting_Corporate Powers_to_Sue_Governments_Over_Extractives_Policies⠀⇛ # ⚓ Mapped:_The_Rapid_Rise_of_Voluntary_Carbon_Markets⠀⇛ Today’s eco-conscious consumer is no stranger to net zero pledges. There are “net zero” pensions, “net zero” fuels, even “net zero” mobile networks.  Thousands of companies have hitched themselves to the carbon-neutral bandwagon, from fossil fuel producers like BP and Shell, to other household names including United Airlines, Dell, Burger King, and Vodafone. Some companies say they’ll decarbonise by 2040, others as early as 2022. # ⚓ Part_2:_The_Dirty_Dozen_Documents_of_Big_Oil’s_Secret Climate_Knowledge⠀⇛ By Paul D. Thacker By the late 1970s, the petroleum industry had spent about two decades collecting information from their own scientists and outside experts and knew that burning fossil fuels would create catastrophic climate change. In the minds of the fossil fuel executives, this point must have been hammered home when federal scientists published a report on carbon dioxide and climate change in 1979. That report announced, “We now have incontrovertible evidence that the atmosphere is indeed changing and that we ourselves contribute to that change.” # ⚓ Report:_Over_half_of_Finland’s_electricity_in_2020 came_from_renewable_sources⠀⇛ More than half of the electricity produced in Finland last year came from renewable energy sources, according to preliminary figures released by Statistics Finland on Tuesday. This marks the first time the share of renewable sources has risen above 50 percent, the number-crunching agency noted. # ⚓ A_New_Electric_Jet_Engine_Actually_Works_Inside_the Atmosphere⠀⇛ The new design, created by researchers at the Institute of Technical Sciences at Wuhan University, uses air and electricity instead of gases like xenon. Testing has shown that the engine is capable of producing an impressive amount of thrust that may, one day, find applications in modern aircraft. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_We_Need_to_Keep_Our_Super_Rich_‘Occupied’⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Capitalism_Winner⠀⇛ # ⚓ Third_Quarter_GDP:_More_Good_Than_Bad⠀⇛ There are two key reasons for why I see the report as largely positive. First, there were extraordinary and temporary factors that prevented the growth from being considerably more rapid. Second, we need to get a fuller picture in assessing growth. In the pre-pandemic period, no one would have considered 2.0 percent growth particularly bad. It averaged 2.5 percent in the three years preceding the pandemic. We are already above the pre-pandemic level of GDP, although somewhat below the trend rate of growth, which means we are through the period where we would ordinarily anticipate extraordinary growth. The Temporary Factors # ⚓ Opinion_|_More_Than_200_Influential_Canadians_Call_On_the Federal_Government_to_Fast_Track_the_Canada_Disability Benefit⠀⇛ What do former Health Minister, Allan Rock; Senator Mohamed-Iqbal Ravalia; former Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, David Onley; professional dancer, Luca Patuelli; ‘Mincome’ economist Evelyn Forget; best- selling author, Tara Ross; the CEO of Community Foundations of Canada, Andrew Chunilall; singer- song writer, Christa Couture; disability activists, Ali Mohammed and Meenu Sikand; several order of Canada recipients, noted physicians and academics—along with most major disability organizations from across the country—all have in common? # ⚓ ‘There’s_Still_an_Awful_Lot_of_Good_in_This_Package,_but You_Wouldn’t_Know_It_From_Headlines’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed IPS’s Karen Dolan about Build Back Better for the October 29, 2021, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. # ⚓ ‘Beyond_Unacceptable’:_Sanders_Slams_Proposed_‘Tax_Break for_Billionaires’_in_Reconciliation_Bill⠀⇛ U.S. Senate Budget Committee Chair Bernie Sanders on Tuesday called reports that congressional Democrats are considering lifting the cap on the state and local tax deduction—a move that would largely benefit wealthy individuals—”beyond unacceptable,” while imploring his party to find a way to protect middle-class workers without furnishing “tax breaks for billionaires.” “Democrats campaigned and won on an agenda that demands that the very wealthy finally pay their fair share, not one that gives them more tax breaks.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_A_Message_to_Democrats_Ahead_of_2022:_Make Corporations_Your_Enemies⠀⇛ Real-world problems don’t just happen. The political economy is never inevitable. Yet as their poll numbers slump, Joe Biden and his administration have mostly whimpered that they are the victims of circumstance. We can expect a similar refusal to accept the buck from Terry McAuliffe should he lose to failed private equity mogul-turned-Trump dog whistler Glenn Youngkin in Virginia tonight.” o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Complete_Attack_on_Our_Democracy’:_FEC_Rules_Foreign Corporations_Can_Donate_to_Influence_US_Elections⠀⇛ Democracy defenders expressed concern Tuesday in response to new reporting on a Federal Election Commission ruling that affirmed foreign entities—including overseas corporations—can fund U.S. state-level ballot campaigns. “This is egregious,” tweeted former Ohio congressional candidate Nina Turner. “A complete attack on our democracy.” # ⚓ ‘So_We_Drop_What’s_Most_Popular?’_Sanders_Asks_Democrats⠀⇛ Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont reportedly asked his Democratic colleagues a pointed question on the floor of the U.S. Senate on Tuesday: “So we drop what’s most popular?” “Maybe—just maybe—Congress should respond to the demands of the American people and finally expand Medicare.” # ⚓ Elizabeth_Warren_Persisted._Now,_She’s_Driving_Change.⠀⇛ As the debate rages over President Biden’s social spending bill, with several long-sought progressive ideas tantalizingly close to reality, there’s been little attention paid to the woman who’s helped lead the push for them throughout her career: Senator Elizabeth Warren. # ⚓ ‘Fascist’_Doesn’t_Mean_What_It_Used_To⠀⇛ But is the question as settled as it appears? In the book Is Russia Fascist? Unraveling Propaganda East and West, author Marlene Laruelle, a professor at George Washington University and director of its Illiberalism Studies Program, has the temerity not only to ask the question but also to answer it. # ⚓ Steve_Bannon⠀⇛ Defiant still is Stephen Bannon, Who could be nut- right’s loosest cannon. Contempt, which Congress now has cited, May very well get Steve indicted. If Steve’s convicted, fair and square, No pardon’s coming: Trump’s not there. So Steve can say he’s made his point, Although he’s speaking from the joint. # ⚓ Georgia_Official:_Trump_Demand_to_“Find”_Votes_to_Overturn Election_Was_a_Threat⠀⇛ # ⚓ Dems_Walk_Out_as_North_Carolina_GOP_Picks_Jan._6 Participant_to_Fill_Vacant_Seat⠀⇛ # ⚓ Revealed:_Council_for_National_Policy_40th_Anniversary Funders⠀⇛ In May, the secretive Christian right Council for National Policy (CNP) celebrated its 40th Anniversary at the Ritz-Carlton in Naples, Florida with a Black Tie Gala following its spring meeting. The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) led two panel discussions on state legislation at the CNP gathering, in which it claimed credit for helping to push and pass a host of laws to make it harder to vote, block public schools from teaching about racism in America, and protect employers from COVID-related lawsuits, the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) first reported. # ⚓ The_Internet_Is_Not_Facebook;_Regulating_It_As_If_It_Were Will_Fuck_Things_Up⠀⇛ I’ve mocked the NY Times for its repeated failures to understand basic facts about internet regulations such as Section 230 — but the organization also deserves credit when it gets things (mostly) right. Last week, Farhad Manjoo wrote up a great opinion piece noting that, even if you agree that Facebook is bad, most regulatory proposals would make things much, much worse. # ⚓ Techdirt_Podcast_Episode_303:_The_Facebook_Papers_&_The Media⠀⇛ The documents revealed by Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen are full of important information — but the media hasn’t been doing the best job of covering that information and all its nuances. There are plenty of examples of reporters taking one aspect out of context and presenting it in the worst possible light, while ignoring the full picture. This week, we’re joined by law professor Kate Klonick to discuss the media’s failings in covering the Facebook Papers, and the unwanted outcomes this could produce. # ⚓ What_Happened_to_the_Party_of_Limited_Government?⠀⇛ This is not mere hypocrisy. The Republican Party now poses a clear and present threat even to the values it once espoused. # ⚓ Joe_Manchin_“Does_Not_Get_to_Dictate_the_Future,”_Says_Cori Bush⠀⇛ # ⚓ Bill_McKibben:_“Manchin’s_Latest_Hissy_Fit”_Threatens_to Curb_Biden_Agenda_at_U.N._Climate_Summit⠀⇛ As President Biden addressed the U.N. climate summit in Glasgow on Monday, warning that “climate change is already ravaging the world,” back home his climate agenda was dealt a major setback when Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia criticized the slimmed-down $1.85 trillion Build Back Plan. “The air went out of this conference” when Biden showed up with no major climate legislation passed, says Bill McKibben of 350.org in Glasgow. “It makes it extremely difficult to proceed when the world’s carbon champion — the country that’s poured more carbon into the atmosphere by far than any other — won’t provide leadership.” # ⚓ President_Joe_(Manchin)_Moves_the_Goalposts_Again⠀⇛ As part of that Biden framework compromise, both sides in negotiations (progressives in the US House and Manchin-Senate in the Senate) would vote on the $1.75 Trillion ‘Reconciliation Bill’—formerly known as the ‘Build Back Better’ bill—and the $1.1T Infrastructure bill. Over the weekend House progressives had conceded to Biden’s ‘compromise’ that would further reduce spending on human infrastructure and climate change in their Reconciliation bill. That compromise was reduced to $1.75T, dramatically cut from the progressives’ July $3.5 trillion original position. # ⚓ Outside_Progressives_Warn_House_Dems_Trusting_Manchin- Sinema_‘Would_Be_a_Terrible_Mistake’⠀⇛ As Democrats in the U.S. House of Representatives continued to signal they intend to vote this week on the bipartisan infrastructure bill and Build Back Better package, progressives outside Congress warned Tuesday that trusting a pair of corporate- backed senators “would be a terrible mistake.” “The two conservative Democrats holding the nation hostage with unreasonable and ever-shifting demands have proven themselves to be unreliable negotiating partners.” # ⚓ Corporate_Democrat_Joe_Manchin_‘Does_Not_Get_to_Dictate_the Future,’_Says_Cori_Bush⠀⇛ Congresswoman Cori Bush of Missouri blasted Sen. Joe Manchin on Monday for once again threatening to tank the Build Back Better Act, a safety net and climate proposal that the West Virginia lawmaker and other corporate Democrats have already watered down by removing key provisions and slashing funding for the remaining programs. “We cannot leave anyone behind. Senator Manchin must support the Build Back Better Act.” # ⚓ Manchin_Refuses_to_Support_Reconciliation_Bill_If_It Contains_Words⠀⇛ # ⚓ Manchin_Headlined_Invite-Only_Coal_Forum_While_Negotiating Reconciliation_Bill⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sanders_Slams_Manchin’s_Hypocrisy_on_Infrastructure_Bill, Which_Adds_to_Deficit⠀⇛ # ⚓ Celtics_or_CIA?_Gulenist_Hoops_Star_Enes_Kanter_Rides_Both Benches⠀⇛ Despite not even leaving the bench, Boston Celtics center Enes Kanter was the one drawing the headlines in their season opener at New York City’s Madison Square Garden. The 6’10” Turk sported shoes emblazoned with the words “free Tibet.” “Under the Chinese government’s brutal rule, Tibetan people’s basic rights and freedoms are non-existent,” Kanter said in a video posted on social media, explaining the move. # ⚓ Nearly_a_Third_of_Republicans_Surveyed_Are_Ready_to_Support Violence⠀⇛ # ⚓ Conservative_pundit_Dennis_Prager_says_he_feels_‘muzzled’ by_Big_Tech_censorship⠀⇛ The nationally syndicated talk show host’s comments came as his company PragerU continues to wage a long legal battle against Google’s YouTube. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals last year ruled unanimously against Mr. Prager‘s claim of illegal censorship of conservatives. But Mr. Prager continues to allege that YouTube prevents PragerU from advertising videos due to unexplained violations of community guidelines, restricting other videos as likewise inappropriate and adding a disclaimer that the content may be factually incorrect. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Scale_Of_Content_Moderation_Is_Unfathomable⠀⇛ Sometimes it’s difficult to get across to people “the scale” part when we talk about the impossibility of content moderation at scale. It’s massive. And this is why whenever there’s a content moderation decision that you dislike or that you disagree with, you have to realize that it’s not personal. It wasn’t done because someone doesn’t like your politics. It wasn’t done because of some crazy agenda. It was done because a combination of thousands of people around the globe and still sketchy artificial intelligence are making an insane number of decisions every day. And they just keep piling up and piling up and piling up. # ⚓ Sudan’s_military_must_free_arrested_journalists,_end_ [Internet]_block⠀⇛ In addition, from Monday onwards, Sudan’s internet services as well as several telecommunications services have been severely disrupted, as reported by the international digital rights groups Netblocks and Access Now. Although the lines were on air shortly on October 27 between 4 pm and 5:30 pm, Netblock reported, the internet has now been disrupted for more than 64 hours already. # ⚓ Turkey:_growing_digital_censorship_compounds_press_freedom crisis⠀⇛ The government has announced plans to table a “disinformation” law that is likely to result in the further criminalization of freedom of expression and independent journalism online. Although a draft of the law has not yet been published, meetings with journalists and MPs confirmed that it is expected to introduce criminal penalties – and possibly jail sentences – for those who spread “disinformation” online. The law would cement the government’s control over one of the last major spaces for free expression in Turkey and, in combination with last year’s social media law, increase pressure on social media companies to become complicit in Turkey’s censorship regime. While government officials have stated that the law would be modeled on measures passed in other countries, particularly Germany, this comparison is false: the German NetzDG law does not regulate – let alone criminalize – “disinformation”. Moreover, even as press freedom groups have criticized German legislation regulating social media platforms, Germany’s independent judiciary can offer redress in the case of rights violations. Turkey’s courts, meanwhile, are not independent and do not provide protection against the abuse of such laws. # ⚓ Yahoo_Halts_Services_in_Mainland_China⠀⇛ Many of the Yahoo’s services were largely blocked in China, where Yahoo has operated since 1999. Since 2005, following a partnership deal with Alibaba Group Holding, Yahoo’s services have slowly been phased out, according to the Wall Street Journal. The company provided an early, stark example of the challenges U.S. internet firms faced operating in foreign countries, particularly China. In 2004, Yahoo’s China unit gave the Chinese authorities data that led to the imprisonment of at least two dissidents. Lawmakers and activists criticized the firm. Yahoo apologized for its role and settled a lawsuit brought by families of several Chinese activists. # ⚓ Yahoo_pulls_out_of_China,_citing_‘challenging’ environment⠀⇛ The withdrawal was largely symbolic, as many of the company’s services were already blocked by China’s digital censorship. But recent government moves to expand its control over tech companies generally, including its domestic giants, may have tipped the scales for Yahoo. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ As_People’s_Tribunal_for_Murdered_Journalists_Launches,_Two More_Killed_in_Mexico⠀⇛ Just days after a pair of journalists were killed in Mexico, a trio of press freedom groups kicked off a six-month tribunal in The Hague on Tuesday in what they called “an unprecedented effort to achieve justice” for members of the media who face a rising threat of violence and even death for their work while their attackers and killers often face no consequences. “The frequency of grave violations committed against journalists coupled with prevailing high levels of impunity is alarming.” # ⚓ Justice_For_Assange_is_Justice_For_All⠀⇛ He was gaunt and emaciated, his eyes hollow and the thinness of his arms was emphasized by a yellow identifying cloth tied around his left arm, an evocative symbol of institutional control. For all but the two hours of my visit, he was confined to a solitary cell in a wing known as “healthcare”, an Orwellian name. In the cell next to him a deeply disturbed man screamed through the night. Another occupant suffered from terminal cancer. Another was seriously disabled. # ⚓ Alice_Walker_on_the_Fight_to_Free_Assange_and_the_Canceling of_Zora_Neal_Hurston⠀⇛ Dennis: Welcome Alice Walker. Let’s start with the good news which is that you have a new children’s book, Sweet People are Everywhere. And with a lifetime of travel under your belt, you’re convinced; the research is compelling, you are sure – that there are in fact sweet people everywhere? Alice: There are. They absolutely are. And I wanted younger people to know that before they travel, because then they might not want to kill the people when they get there. That’s kind of the short answer. # ⚓ IPI_criticises_decision_to_charge_three_journalists_at Helsingin_Sanomat⠀⇛ Barbara Trionfi, the executive director of IPI, stated in a press release that the decision to prosecute poses a serious threat to the ability of journalists to work freely in Finland. “It is unacceptable and absurd that journalists in a European democracy like Finland are facing imprisonment for doing their job and reporting on an issue of massive public interest, which the discussion about the activities and powers of Finland’s security agencies was,” she said. “The investigation itself – which has dragged on for years – had already cast a shadow over Finnish reporting on national security issues. These charges will now worsen this chilling effect, jeopardising the public’s right to be informed on issues of tremendous importance to society. IPI calls on Finnish authorities to swiftly drop all charges against the journalists in this case and offer reassurance that upholding press freedom remains a priority in Finland.” # ⚓ Finland_charges_three_journalists_with_disclosing_‘state secrets’⠀⇛ Today, on October 29, 2021, nearly four years after the publication of the story, prosecutors announced charges for disclosure and attempted disclosure of state secrets against Halminen and journalist Tuomo Pietiläinen as well as Kalle Silfverberg, who was head of Helsingin Sanomat’s political news department at the time. Niemi as well as managing editor Esa Mäkinen were not charged. The three charged journalists face four months to four years in prison. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Rather_Than_Pass_Wage_Increases,_GOP_Legislatures_Move_to Weaken_Child_Labor_Laws⠀⇛ “Why are we calling this a labor shortage? I think it is a dignified job shortage.” # ⚓ The_Supreme_Court_Might_Save_Us_From_the_Texas_Abortion_Ban After_All⠀⇛ Yesterday, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in two cases involving the Texas law banning abortions, Senate Bill 8. The first was a challenge by abortion provider Whole Woman’s Health. The second was an argument by the Department of Justice. Despite the intense media attention on these cases, neither argument was actually about abortion, the rights of pregnant people to access health care, or the constitutionality of the Texas abortion ban. # ⚓ What_if_City_Governments_Paid_Reparations?⠀⇛ Robin Rue Simmons had been very curious about the truth of American life as a young person. But it was only after she finished high school, left her native Evanston, Ill., and returned as an adult—ready to buy a house in the historically Black neighborhood in which she grew up—that she delved deep into her city’s history and fully understood the policies that had kept Black residents poor while enriching their white neighbors. Of course, this isn’t the kind of history that’s taught in school, even if today’s students do sometimes learn unsavory truths about the American empire. Local history is different, perhaps because it can be especially uncomfortable to examine how that empire’s economic plunder shaped our present-day communities. Yet experiencing such discomfort may be preferable to any alternative—and I write this as a white person. # ⚓ Closing_Rikers_Is_Long_Overdue⠀⇛ New York City’s Rikers Island has long been a hellhole and a national disgrace. For decades, the jail complex has been plagued by violence and chaos, but conditions have deteriorated dramatically in the past year as the Covid-19 pandemic has raged across the nation. Calls to close Rikers have continued to grow, but the timeline city officials have proposed stretches into the distant future, with mass decarceration completely off the table. But mass decarceration is exactly what’s needed to ensure that people aren’t simply being shuttled from one inhumane situation to another. # ⚓ NOVA_Does_Cannabis⠀⇛ PBS supposedly doesn’t run ads, but immediately preceding “The Cannabis Question” on Channel 9 was a 25-second trailer for a coming attraction in which knights of olde slay each other with swords. Next came a warning in white letters against a black screen: “The following program contains content that may not be suitable for all audiences. Viewer discretion is advised.” Unspoken message: swordplay okay, pot maybe not. The Koch Brothers are the main funders of PBS these days, and we’re told up-front, “Major funding for The Cannabis Question was provided by the David H. Koch Foundation For Science.”  The budget was ample and the production values are top-notch. # ⚓ Corporate_Crime_Woke_Corporatism_and_the_Rise_of_Law_and Order_Politics⠀⇛ # ⚓ Minneapolis_residents_reject_proposal_to_replace_police department⠀⇛ The ballot initiative would have amended the city’s charter to remove a requirement that the police department maintain a minimum of officers. # ⚓ As_SCOTUS_Reviews_Texas_Abortion_Ban,_Activists_Look_to_New Strategies_to_Save_Reproductive_Freedom⠀⇛ We look at Monday’s Supreme Court oral arguments on the constitutionality of Texas’s near-total ban on abortions with legendary lawyer Kathryn “Kitty” Kolbert, who argued the 1992 landmark Supreme Court case credited with saving Roe v. Wade. “’Save Roe’ has been our mantra for so many years, and it no longer works because of the ultraconservatie nature of this Supreme Court,” Kolbert says. Instead, people must protect abortion rights by “electing people who will preserve women’s rights, and begin to think of that as our most important task.” o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Netflix_Files_Anti-Slapp_Motion_To_Dismiss_Lawsuit_Claiming One_Of_Its_Series_Caused_A_Teen_To_Commit_Suicide⠀⇛ Because Netflix is big, it draws lawsuits. It has been sued for defamation, copyright infringement, and, oddly, defamation via use of a private prison’s logo in a fictional TV show. It has also been sued for supposedly contributing to a teen’s suicide with its series “13 Reasons Why,” which contained a lot of disturbing subject matter that teens deal with daily, like bullying, sexual assault, and — most relevant here — suicide. The final episode of the first season contained a suicide scene, one that was removed by Netflix two years after the show debuted. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Latest_news_and_updates_on_the_Unified_Patent_Court [Ed: Amy Sandys reminds us that she’s not a journalist (amplification of lies is antithetical to it) and JUVE became just a megaphone of liars and vandals]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Five_major_platforms_adopt_standardized_patent identification_format,_SPIF [Ed: Not the way to tackle the patent issue or dealing with a false problem, which isn's the real provlem (same thing OIN and LOT do)]⠀⇛ Cipher, Unified Patents, RPX, Aon, and Google Patents will be offering the SPIF patent identification format via their platforms in a move designed to bring more efficiency to patent transactions and portfolio management. SPIF uniquely defines patent assets so that they can be used in patent analytics, M&A, transferring patent information between firms, and buying and selling patents. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ $2,000_for_Xperi_prior_art⠀⇛ On November 1, 2021, Unified Patents added a new PATROLL contest, with a $2,000 cash prize, seeking prior art on at least claim 1 of U.S. Patent 9,398,209. The patent is owned by Xperi Holding Corporation, an NPE. The ’209 patent relates to a method of tracking faces in an image stream. The method includes receiving images from an image stream including faces, calculating corresponding integral images, and applying different subsets of face detection rectangles to the integral images to provide sets of candidate regions. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Software_Freedom_Conservancy’s_DMCA_Exemption Requests_Granted⠀⇛ Software Freedom Conservancy has had several exemptions granted that it requested to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) by the US Library of Congress for activities of interest to free-software developers: [...] # ⚓ Bruce_Springsteen_Negotiating_to_Sell_Album_Catalog, Publishing_to_Sony_Music⠀⇛ While Springsteen has been with Sony Music’s Columbia Records since he first signed with the label in 1972, he acquired the rights to his music as part of a contract renegotiation at some point in his career; such moves are rarely reported but become evident in the fine print on a release. Selling the rights to their music is anathema to many artists, but as they reach or pass standard retirement age and begin estate planning, a sale is an attractive option — especially today, as song catalogs are hitting previously unimagined valuations and artists consider the realities of leaving their heirs with a valuable but cumbersome asset; song catalogs in particular require extensive management to optimize their value. # ⚓ YouTube_Terminates_Account_of_‘Fraudulent’_Copyright Takedown_Sender⠀⇛ It’s well known that YouTubers can lose their channels and videos when they’re repeatedly accused of posting copyright-infringing material. Interestingly, the senders of questionable takedown notices are also at risk. A few days ago, YouTube terminated the “Musical Creator” channel on suspicion of sending a fraudulent copyright claim. # ⚓ Yahoo.com_Placed_on_Piracy_Blacklist_Following Copyright_Claim_Error⠀⇛ A copyright holder recently filed a complaint that resulted in a URL being added to Russia’s anti-piracy register for alleged TV show piracy. While that’s nothing out of the ordinary, the URL in question was Yahoo.com, one of the world’s most-visited domains. As a result, Yahoo’s entire platform was added to Russia’s blacklist where it remained for four days. # ⚓ Nintendo_Killed_Emulation_Sites_Then_Released_Garbage N64_Games_For_The_Switch⠀⇛ So, here’s the thing: I get accused of picking on Nintendo a whole lot. But please know, it’s not that I want to pick on them, it’s just that they make it so damned easy to. I’m a golfer, okay? If I have a club in my hand and suddenly a ball on a tee appears before me, I’m going to hit that ball every time without hesitation. You will recall that a couple of years back, Nintendo opened up a new front on its constant IP wars by going after ROM and emulation sites. That caused plenty of sites to simply shut themselves down, but Nintendo also made a point of getting some scalps to hang on its belt, most famously in the form of RomUniverse. That site, which very clearly had infringing material not only on the site but promoted by the site’s ownership, got slapped around in the courts to the tune of a huge judgement against, which the site owners simply cannot pay. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4387 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 11.03.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_4/11/2021:_LibreELEC_(Matrix)_10.0.1,_KDE_November_App_Update,_and_and Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9_Beta⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:22 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Libreddit_For_The_Best_Private_Reddit_Experience_– Invidious⠀⇛ If for some reason you want to use Reddit but you still care about your online privacy maybe you should try out libreddit, it aims for a fairly vanilla experience with some nice UI changes that I personally appreciate. # ⚓ The_Real_Beefy_Miracle_|_LINUX_Unplugged_430⠀⇛ We check-in with Fedora Project lead Matthew Miller on the state of the project, then conduct our exit interview with Fedora 34, and review Fedora 35. What’s new, what’s changed, and what’s broken. It’s a Fedora special. Special Guests: Matthew Miller and Neal Gompa. # ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_654:_Financial_Inclusion_and_Mojaloop_–_Paula Hunter [Ed: Well, did FLOSS Weekly bring in another Microsofter_to_their_show?]⠀⇛ Paula Hunter, Executive Director of Mojaloop, joins Doc Searls and Shawn Powers on FLOSS Weekly to discuss the state of digital payments today. Mojaloop is an open-source project that provides the rails for interoperable digital payments between financial institutions, including banks and mobile phone companies. Particularly, in Africa and other parts of the world, where most people transact business in cash or typically use low-cost Android phones in multiple currencies and countries. It’s an early, yet highly promising approach to financial inclusion. # ⚓ The_Oppenheimer_Problem_|_Coder_Radio_438⠀⇛ After a little async Ruby chat and developer morality struggle, Chris explains how macOS Monterey has lapped Linux with a critical workstation feature. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Memory_Model_Should_the_Rust_Language_Use?_–_Paul_E. McKenney’s_Journal_—_LiveJournal⠀⇛ This blog post discusses a few alternative Rust- language memory models. I hope that this discussion is of value to the Rust community, but in the end, it is their language, so it is also their choice of memory model. This discussion takes the Rust fearless-concurrency viewpoint, tempered by discussions I have observed and participated in while creating this blog series. Different members of that community of course have different viewpoints, and thus might reasonably advocate for different choices. Those who know me will understand that these viewpoints differ significantly from my own. However, my viewpoint is dictated by my long-standing privilege of living at the edge of what is possible in terms of performance, scalability, real-time response, energy efficiency, robustness, and much else besides. Where I live, significant levels of fear are not just wise, but also necessary for survival. To borrow an an old saying from aviation, there are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are no old bold pilots. Nevertheless, I expect that my more than three decades of experience with concurrency, my work on the C/C++ memory model (memory_order_consume notwithstanding), and my role as lead maintainer of the Linux-kernel memory model (LKMM) will help provide a good starting point for the more work-a- day situation that I believe that the Rust community wishes to support. # ⚓ More_ASRock_&_ASUS_Motherboards_Will_Have_Working_Sensors With_Linux_5.16_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The hardware monitoring “HWMON” subsystem updates have landed in the Linux 5.16 kernel and with this comes sensor support for some additional ASRock and ASUS motherboards. Another ASRock ID (0xe1b) was added to the NCT6683D sensor chip driver. There was already an ASRock ID present in the driver but this additional ID is used by some of their motherboards. One of the motherboards specifically called out with this patch was the ASRock Z370M Pro4, but likely numerous other ASRock motherboards as well will now have working sensor coverage. # ⚓ Google_to_Pay_up_to_$50,337_for_Exploiting_Linux_Kernel Bugs⠀⇛ Google makes good use of Linux across its platforms, especially when it comes to Android and its massive servers. Over the years, Google has been inclining more towards open-source projects and programs. Recently, the tech giant sponsored $1 million to fund a security-focused open-source program run by The Linux Foundation, more details in our original coverage. And, now, Google just tripled its bounty rewards for the next three months for security researchers working on finding kernel exploits that help achieve privilege escalation (i.e., when an attacker gains administrator access using a bug/ flaw) # ⚓ Linux_5.16_Graphics_Drivers:_Alder_Lake_S_Is_Stable, Initial_DG2,_AMD_DP_2.0_+_USB4_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ All of the DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) kernel graphics/display driver updates were submitted and already merged for the very exciting Linux 5.16 kernel cycle. There is a lot of good stuff this round especially when it comes to the open-source Intel and AMD Radeon drivers. # ⚓ EROFS_With_LZMA/MicroLZMA,_XFS_Footprint_Improvements_Sent In_For_Linux_5.16_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Along with the Btrfs updates, other Linux file- systems have also been sending in their improvements destined for the Linux 5.16 kernel. EROFS as the new read-only file-system for Linux has seen many interesting changes. EROFS now supports LZMA (MicroLZMA) compression, multiple device support is introduced for multi-layer container images, secondary compression head support, and other improvements. There is also the usual assortment of bug fixes. # ⚓ SELinux/LSM/Smack_Controls_+_Auditing_For_IO_uring_Comes With_Linux_5.16_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ In addition to IO_uring improvements in Linux 5.16 itself, the Security Enhanced Linux “SELinux” patches for this new kernel cycle bring controls and auditing around IO_uring. With the SELinux patches sent out on Monday, there is now Linux Security Modules (LSM), SELinux, and Smack controls and auditing support for IO_uring. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Easily_Install_And_Manage_Custom_Wine_Builds_(Proton-GE, Luxtorpeda,_Wine-GE)_For_Steam_And_Lutris_With_ProtonUp-Qt GUI⠀⇛ ProtonUp-Qt is a graphical tool that makes it easy to install and manage compatibility tools like Proton-GE and Luxtorpeda for Steam, and Wine-GE, Kron4ek Vanilla and Lutris-Wine builds for Lutris. Recently, the tool has also added support for Heroic Games Launcher. Using these custom Proton / Wine builds, you can take advantage of various game bug fixes and other patches that take more time to land in the official builds. The software is based on ProtonUp, a command line only tool to install and update Proton-GE. # ⚓ GStreamer_1.19.3_unstable_development_release⠀⇛ GStreamer 1.19.3 unstable development release The GStreamer team is pleased to announce the third development release in the unstable 1.19 release series. The unstable 1.19 release series adds new features on top of the current stable 1.18 series and is part of the API and ABI-stable 1.x release series of the GStreamer multimedia framework. The unstable 1.19 release series is for testing and development purposes in the lead-up to the stable 1.20 series which is scheduled for release in a few weeks time. Any newly-added API can still change until that point, although it is rare for that to happen. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Copying_and_Pasting_in_Emacs⠀⇛ The Emacs documentation on copying and pasting, which is in the GNU info format and can be accessed by C-h i from Emacs, is very detailed and comprehensive. In my version of emacs (26), it is in section 12, “Killing and Moving Text”. I can see the Emacs info documentation on this topic with shell command info “(emacs)Killing” | less It is also a lot to read. This document aims to be an introduction and quick reference. # ⚓ Basic_Pfsense_Configuration_Tutorial⠀⇛ This tutorial explains how to install and configure the Pfsense system. pfSense is a firewall and router software you can install on a computer to create and manage your own router or firewall. It can be used from the command line or from a web graphical interface. This tutorial covers pfSense installation and basic configuration tips. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Arch_Linux_on_VirtualBox_[Beginner's Guide]⠀⇛ Arch Linux is hugely popular in the desktop Linux world. One of the reasons for the popularity is that installing Arch Linux itself is a complicated task. I am not exaggerating. Installing Ubuntu or Debian is a lot easier task than Arch Linux because it doesn’t have an official GUI based installer. And this is where virtual machines come in. You can try installing Arch Linux in VirtualBox first and see if it’s something you would like to run on actual hardware. This way, you get to experience Arch Linux without disturbing your current operating system. # ⚓ 4_Ways_to_Clone_an_Entire_Hard_Drive_on_Linux_–_Make_Tech Easier⠀⇛ Imagine the hard drive in your computer failing. Your computer no longer detects it, and it’s impossible to recover the data that you saved. This is a nightmare scenario for just about anyone. You will end up wishing that you had a backup of everything on your hard drive. Luckily, this is possible and much easier than you may think. There are many different available Linux programs that will help you back up your hard drive, including one that is already installed by default in every Linux distribution. # ⚓ How_To_Install_EPrints_on_Ubuntu_20.04_|_RoseHosting⠀⇛ EPrints is open-source software designed for building open access repositories that are OAI-PMH compliant. It is primarily used for scientific journals and institutional repositories although it can be also used as a document management system. # ⚓ How_to_install_Kubuntu_21.10_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Kubuntu 21.10. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Configure_Ansible_on_Rocky_Linux/CentOS 8⠀⇛ Ansible is an open source IT automation engine that automates provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, orchestration, and many other IT processes. It enables infrastructure as code. Ansible automates and simplifies repetitive, complex, and tedious operations. It runs on many Unix-like systems, and can configure both Unix-like systems as well as Microsoft Windows. Ansible itself is written in Python and has a fairly minimal learning curve. Ansible follows a simple setup procedure and does not depend on any additional software, servers or client daemons. It manages nodes over SSH and is parallel by default. In this guide, we are going to learn how to Install and Configure Ansible on Rocky Linux/CentOS 8. # ⚓ How_to_install_Fedora_35_Gnome_step_by_step_with screenshots⠀⇛ Fedora 35 stable version has finally arrived! The most notable of the improvements is the inclusion of the recently-released Gnome 41. You can get Fedora Workstation 35 now from the official website, or upgrade your existing install using GNOME Software or through the terminal with dnf system-upgrade. This article describes how to install Fedora 35 Workstation step by step with screenshots. Fedora is a free and open source Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Fedora Project which is sponsored primarily by Red Hat. Fedora comes in several Desktop and Server flavors. Fedora works mainly as an upstream distribution for Centos 8 Steam and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This means that with Fedora comes the latest Linux Kernel and packages with cutting edge features and applications. # ⚓ How_to_install_Brackets_code_editor_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Brackets code editor on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_to_autorun_Chrome_web_apps_when_you_log_into_your Windows,_Mac,_or_Linux_desktop⠀⇛ Chrome for Windows, Mac, and Linux now allows for users to autorun web apps on login as of Chrome 91. This is great for quickly accessing Gmail, Google Chat, and other such services that are used constantly and as soon as users boot into their machines. With that being said, a manual user gesture is always required in order to initially set up autorun apps in Chrome. Google detailed this in its blog post yesterday. If you’re interested in setting your Chrome apps up this way, just stick around, and I’ll show you how! # ⚓ Using_sensitive_data_in_containers_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Developers and sysadmins often need to use sensitive data, such as API tokens or login credentials to a database. When containerizing applications, this data needs to be passed into the container without the risk of exposure outside the container, such as in an image registry. Podman has a feature—secrets—that allows users to centrally manage sensitive information and to easily and securely access confidential data inside a container. This feature prevents the secret from being exported when creating an image from a container. Recently, Podman’s secrets feature was extended to support even more features, such as user ID (UID), group ID (GID), Mode options, and environment variable secrets. These options allow users to fine-tune their secrets settings to their liking, whether it be restricting permissions or exposing the secret via an environment variable as opposed to a file. # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_15_–_Clustering_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Setting up a Proxmox VE cluster enables you to benefit from multiple servers to share load between, and also gives you access to live migration. In this video, we’ll create our very own cluster and add two additional Proxmox VE servers. # ⚓ How_To_Install_CakePHP_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install CakePHP on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, CakePHP is a web application development framework written in PHP, built on the concepts of Ruby on Rails. As we know Ruby on Rails uses Ruby as a language but with development features that Cake wanted to implement in PHP. It’s a foundational structure for programmers to create web applications. Models, Views, and Controllers are used for the separation of business logic from data and presentation layers. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Gitea on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ Ansible_local_action⠀⇛ In most situations, we use Ansible to manage and configure remote hosts from a single control node. Hence, when creating playbooks, it’s with the understanding that they shall execute on the remote machines we specify in the host’s block of the playbooks. However, there are instances where you may need to perform a specific action on the local machine instead of remote hosts. In such instances, a feature like local_action comes in handy. This guide will show you how to work with the Ansible local_action module to execute tasks locally. # ⚓ Ansible_When_Conditional⠀⇛ Ansible supports conditional evaluations before executing a specific task on the target hosts. If the set condition is true, Ansible will go ahead and perform the task. If the condition is not true (unmet), Ansible will skip the specified task. To implement conditions in Ansible, we use the when keyword. The keyword takes Boolean expressions based on a value or a variable from previous tasks or facts gathered from the remote hosts. This guide will teach you how to implement conditions in Ansible playbooks using the when keyword. # ⚓ Ansible_User_Module_Tutorial⠀⇛ Managing users and user attributes is a typical operation for any system administrator. The Ansible user module is one of the handiest ways to manage users and their attributes when working with remote hosts. Ansible.builtin.user module is part of ansible-core and is available by default in most ansible installations. In this guide, we will focus on how to manage user accounts using the ansible user module. # ⚓ Ansible_Stat_Module_Usage⠀⇛ In Linux, the stat command is a command-line utility that provides detailed information about filesystems or files. Ansible, considered the most diverse and popular automation tool, provides a module for fetching file and file system information as native Linux stat command. In this guide, we will understand how to work with the stat module in Ansible playbooks. # ⚓ Ansible_File_Module_Tutorial⠀⇛ Ansible is an incredible automation utility that comes packed with features and tools to manage remote hosts. It works by implementing modules to perform specific tasks and operations. One practical module in Ansible is the file module. This module is responsible for performing tasks such as creating files and directories, deleting files and directories, creating soft and hard symbolic links, adding and modifying file and directory permissions, and more. This guide will walk you through how to work with the Ansible file module. We will illustrate this using a collection of examples and playbooks. NOTE: Ensure you have access to your remote hosts specified in Ansible’s inventory file. # ⚓ Ansible_notify_when_changed⠀⇛ In Ansible, a handler refers to a particular task that executes when triggered by the notify module. Handlers perform an action defined in the task when a change occurs in the remote host. Handlers are helpful when you need to perform a task that relies on a specific task’s success or failure. For example, you can set a handler to send Apache logs if the service goes down. This article will help you understand how to define and use the Ansible handler in playbooks. # ⚓ How_to_install_Mongodb_5_on_Fedora_34/35_–_Citizix⠀⇛ In this guide we are going to learn how to install MongoDB 5.0 Community Edition on a Fedora 34/35 server. MongoDB is a cross-platform document-oriented NoSQL database program that uses JSON-like documents with optional schemas. MongoDB is developed by MongoDB Inc. and licensed under the Server Side Public License. Instead of storing data in tables of rows or columns like SQL databases, each record in a MongoDB database is a document described in BSON, a binary representation of the data. Applications can then retrieve this information in a JSON format. # ⚓ How_to_monitor_the_serial_port_in_Linux_–_PragmaticLinux⠀⇛ Although modern PCs no longer come with a physical serial port, plenty of devices still require RS232 serial communication to interact with them. With the help of an RS232-to-USB adapter you can easily connect them to your PC. Once connected, you might wonder: How do I monitor the serial port in Linux? Luckily several tools exist, both for the terminal and with a GUI. In this article I’ll introduce you to few popular programs to monitor the serial port in Linux. # ⚓ How_Do_I_Sort_in_Elasticsearch?⠀⇛ You can sort Elasticsearch results using the sort keyword. The sort query requires you to provide a field under which to sort. Elasticsearch does not support sorting on fields of type text. In this short guide, we will look at how to sort query results in Elasticsearch. # ⚓ How_Do_I_Filter_Elasticsearch_Results?⠀⇛ By default, Elasticsearch uses a relevance score to sort the results from a search query. A relevance score determines how relevant a document is depending on the queried data. However, we can apply filters to narrow down and maximize the relevant documents returned from a query. This guide will learn how to apply conditions in an Elasticsearch query to filter out more precise query results. # ⚓ How_Do_I_Enable_Xpack_in_Elasticsearch⠀⇛ Elasticsearch is a free, open-source, distributed search and analytics engine based on the Apache Lucene project. It provides a robust RESTful API to manage and work with the engine. Elasticsearch is fast, highly scalable, and secure. Elasticsearch engine is responsible for ingesting data, storage, analysis. Although Elasticsearch is powerful as a standalone service, it becomes mightier when powered with its sisters’ services such as Kibana and Logstash. This tutorial will show you how to install Elasticsearch and Kibana and discover how to enable Elasticsearch security feature: Xpack. # ⚓ How_Do_I_Change_the_Field_Type_in_Elasticsearch?⠀⇛ Using the _ mapping API, you can update existing fields or add new fields to an existing index. # ⚓ Elasticsearch_Range_Query_Tutorial⠀⇛ In Elasticsearch, we can get the results of documents that match a specific range using the range query. Throughout this guide, you will learn to define a range parameter in your search query using Boolean expressions such as greater than, less than, and more. # ⚓ Elasticsearch_Fuzzy_Search⠀⇛ Have you ever wondered how search engine tools such as Google can accurately predict your search queries as you type? Or correct typos in your search queries? No, it’s not human-like reasoning. This functionality is possible because of a concept called fuzzy logic, fuzziness, or fuzzy search. # ⚓ Array_Sort_Ruby⠀⇛ Ruby is a simplistic and powerful programming language that provides exceptional features for daily programming operations. Because arrays are a fundamental object in Ruby and other programming languages, Ruby provides a way to sort elements without writing an excellent custom algorithm. This guide will teach you how to sort an array by using Ruby’s built-in methods and functionalities. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_configure_Jenkins_on_Ubuntu_–_Unixcop the_Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛ Jenkins is an open source automation server. It helps automate the parts of software development related to building, testing, and deploying, facilitating continuous integration and continuous delivery. Jenkins is a server-based system that runs in servlet containers such as Apache Tomcat. It supports version control tools, including AccuRev, CVS, Subversion, Git, Mercurial, Perforce, ClearCase and RTC, and can execute Apache Ant, Apache Maven and sbt based projects as well as arbitrary shell scripts and Windows batch commands. In this article, we will show you how to install Jenkins on Ubuntu Systems. # ⚓ How_to_install_Kdenlive_21_in_Ubuntu_21.04_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛ In this tutorial we are going to install kdenlive on Debian 11. Kdenlive is an acronym for KDE Non- Linear Video Editor. Kdenlive is open source non-linear video editing suite, which support DV, HDV and many more formats. # ⚓ Synchronize_folders_with_Syncthing_in_Ubuntu_20.04_– Unixcop_the_Unix_/_Linux_the_admins_deams⠀⇛ Hello, friends. In this post, you will learn how to install Syncthing on Ubuntu 20.04 This cool tool allows us on our server to have instant access to one or more folders on many devices. So we are talking about a synchronization tool. So, let’s go for it. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Steam_Beta_Adds_VA-API_Acceleration_For_Remote_Play_– Phoronix⠀⇛ For those enjoying Steam Remote Play in-home streaming functionality, the latest Steam client beta now supports making use of the Video Acceleration API for encoding. Last night’s Steam client beta adds support for VA- API hardware encoding on Linux with Remote Play. This VA-API video accelerated encoding has been tested to work with both AMD Radeon and Intel graphics hardware having driver support for this API. # ⚓ This_New_Linux_Gaming_Laptop_Has_the_Specs_to_Run Anything⠀⇛ As this is a high-end gaming PC, it comes with plenty of power, and you can customize it to add some more power if you need to. You can choose between an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 or an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080. Either one will handle most games, but of course, you’re limited by the games offered on Linux. In spite of the high-end graphics card, the display is an FHD Panel, so you won’t be able to get up to any 4K gaming. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_November_App_Update⠀⇛ Skanpage is KDE’s new image scanning app. It’s a simple scanning application designed for multi-page scans and saving of documents and images. It works for scanning from both flatbed and feed-through automatic document feeder scanners. It lets you configure options for the scanning device, such as resolution and margins, and you can re-order, rotate and delete scanned pages. The scans can be saved to multi-page PDF documents and image files. Unlike our existing Skanlite app, this new program is written using Kirigami, our responsive interface toolkit which adapts to mobile and desktop devices. You can get Skanpage from KDE neon now, and look out for it on other Linux distros soon. # ⚓ Where_To_Download_KDE_Plasma_for_32-bit_Computer⠀⇛ Do you have an old computer? Do you love KDE Plasma? If your desktop or laptop was produced before 2011 or has memory no more than 4GB, it might be 32-bit, like those with Intel Pentium or AMD Athlon processor. You can revive it with one of KDE Plasma Desktop systems mentioned in this article, for example, Debian or Tumbleweed, and you can do your daily work with up to date applications and even games. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Free_Software_Desktop_Systems⠀⇛ This is a list of Free Software Desktop Systems, like KDE and GNOME the desktop environments, and like Kubuntu and Ubuntu the operating systems, and whether one is available as a complete computer to purchase. In this article, you will find useful information and further readings about the user interface choices available on GNU/Linux and BSD computing platforms. This will be used further on UbuntuBuzz.com to accompany every desktop related explanation. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreELEC_(Matrix)_10.0.1⠀⇛ The final version of LibreELEC 10.0.1 has been released, bringing Kodi (Matrix) v19.3 to LibreELEC users. Users of LibreELEC 10 Beta or RC1 get an automatic update to the final version. LibreELEC 9.2 setups will not be automatically updated, you will need to manually update. We can offer stable and good working versions for Allwinner, Generic and Rockchip devices. The RPi4 is also in good shape but the codebase is rather new, so it is not polished yet (keep reading for details). # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_Radeon_Graphics_Driver_“AMDGPU”_Ported_To DragonFlyBSD_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The “AMDGPU” kernel graphics driver has been ported and pulled into the DragonFlyBSD operating system. Open-source developer Sergey Zigachev has ported the AMDGPU kernel driver from Linux to DragonFlyBSD and as of today is now in that open-source operating system’s upstream code- base. # § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora_35_KDE_Plasma_Desktop⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Fedora 35 KDE Plasma Desktop It comes with Linux Kernel 5.14, KDE Plasma 5.22.5, and uses about 2GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ Fedora_35_KDE_Plasma_Desktop_Run_Through_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at Fedora 35 KDE Plasma Desktop. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Inside_the_Aquarium:_Investigating_a_storage appliance_built_on_Ceph_|_SUSE_Communities⠀⇛ A long, long time ago, a young man named Sage Weil had a doctoral dissertation to complete. He sat in his living room (I presume) and thought to himself, “How can I improve Software-Defined Storage?”* # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9_Enters_Beta_with_Exciting New_Features_and_Many_Improvements⠀⇛ Powered by the Linux 5.14 kernel series, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Beta is here to give the community a preview of the next major release of the award-winning and acclaimed Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system for desktop, server and cloud computing. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Beta introduces enhanced web console performance metrics to better identify various causes that may affect the performance of your systems, along with the ability to export these metrics to popular analysis and reporting tools like Grafana. # ⚓ What’s_new_in_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9_Beta⠀⇛ Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9 Beta is now available and delivers exciting new features and many more improvements. RHEL 9 Beta is based on upstream kernel version 5.14 and provides a preview of the next major update of RHEL. This release is designed for demanding hybrid multicloud deployments that range from physical, on-premises, public cloud to edge. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9_Beta_is_here⠀⇛ We’ve been working hard on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Beta is now available—and it’s been built with production stability and development agility in mind. Built from CentOS Stream, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Beta delivers an easier application development experience based on a new platform with powerful capabilities. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9.0_Beta_Released⠀⇛ Red Hat today announced the first public beta of the upcoming Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 brings improvements to its Cockpit web console including the ability now to apply kernel live patches from the web console. RHEL 9 Beta also has additional security profiles, integrated OpenSSL 3 support, IMA integration, SSH root password login is finally disabled by default, improvements around container development, and more. There is also a wealth of updated packages like using GCC 11 as the default system compiler, Python 3.9, LLVM 12, and other updates. # ⚓ Red_Hat_launches_Enterprise_Linux_9_beta⠀⇛ Red Hat has launched its eponymous Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 9 beta and promised admin and IT ops people there will be less of a need for them to learn new ways of doing things. Red Hat said the latest beta is based on upstream kernel version 5.14 and provides a preview of the next major update of RHEL. It punted the new version as being designed for “demanding hybrid multi-cloud deployments that range from physical, on-premises, public cloud to edge”. # ⚓ Fedora_35_Available_to_Download_and_Upgrade_with GNOME_41_–_LinuxStoney⠀⇛ Fedora 35 Available to Download and Upgrade with GNOME 41, The release of the new stable version of the Fedora 35 distribution finally came after delays two weeks later. Also thanks to additional tests, Fedora Server 35 and Fedora Workstation 35 should have good enough stability, taking into account the large number of changes, updates and news in this release. # ⚓ Fedora_Linux_35_Stable_Available_to_Download_with GNOME_41_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ WirePlumber allows for more customization of the policy and rules for audio and video. It provides a richer development experience and adds bindings for most languages. If you enable the third-party repositories that ship in Fedora Linux desktop variants, those repositories are now immediately available. Additionally, enabling third-party repositories now makes selected Flathub applications available via a filtered Flathub remote. This eases access to a curated list of applications that will not cause legal or other problems for Fedora to point to, does not overlap Fedora Flatpaks, and works reasonably well.” The release announcement offers further details. # ⚓ Fedora_Linux_35_brings_power_management,_audio,_and other_improvements_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ Fedora Linux 35 is now available for workstations (laptops or desktops), servers, or IoT devices. Among other things, the update brings Linux kernel 5.14 with improved hardware support, and the GNOME 41 and KDE Plasma 5.23 desktop environments. You can download the latest version of Fedora from the GetFedora website, or if you’re already running Fedora 34 or older, you can update your operating system to get the latest versions. # ⚓ Fedora_Linux_35_is_here:_Pushing_Linux_to_the_limit_| ZDNet⠀⇛ For those who use Fedora for more than a developer platform, the Fedora server family has improvements as well. For example, Fedora 35 Cloud images will now have hybrid BIOS+UEFI boot support. With this update, if UEFI doesn’t work for you you have legacy BIOS support to fall back on. Btrfs is now Fedora Cloud’s default file system. The big win here is you can take advantage of transparent compression to save filesystem space. Put it all together and as Miller says, “With Fedora 35, the Fedora Project continues towards our vision of a world where everyone benefits from free and open-source software built by inclusive, welcoming, and open- minded communities. We prioritize bringing the latest Linux innovation to our users. This latest version is focused on polishing features and support for improved performance and an even better user experience – helping to bridge the gap between new and expert users.” Ready to try it? You can download Fedora and install it on a new machine or virtual machine (VM). Or, if you’re already a Fedora user you can run the latest release by updating your current Fedora. # ⚓ Automation_strategy:_5_questions_CIOs_should_ask⠀⇛ Just about anything can seem like a smart strategy in retrospect if you’ve got enough patience, perseverance, luck, and time. That’s how some successful business and IT approaches hatch: A blend of trial-and-error and ever-changing circumstances eventually leads to a sustainable, intentional plan. Many hybrid cloud architectures first came about by “accident,” for example – an IT initiative here, a corporate acquisition there, and SaaS apps, well, everywhere, and now you’re “hybrid.” The strategy comes after the fact, once stakeholders realize the potential advantages. Automation commonly follows a similar pattern. Automate a unit test or security scan here, an accounts receivable process or HR onboarding forms there, and it seems you’re on your way to becoming a well-oiled – and highly automated – machine. # ⚓ Tech_vendors_chase_down_shop_floors_for_retrofits_• The_Register⠀⇛ On Tuesday Intel said it was going the Linux way for system upgrades in factories. Chipzilla has worked with Red Hat on a blueprint that provides a more granular coordination of machines’ operation between facilities, which is now being made possible on the faster 5G networks. # ⚓ Best_of_NodeConf_Remote:_The_30-second_review⠀⇛ Red Hat was proud to sponsor this year’s NodeConf Remote, Europe’s largest conference covering the Node.js framework. The conference held four packed days of technical talks and workshops from October 18 to 21, 2021. Like last year, this year’s conference was presented remotely. # ⚓ Want_to_Upgrade_RHEL_8.3?_Here’s_the_Best_Way_to Upgrade_to_RHEL_8.4⠀⇛ Red Hat Enterprise Linux (shortened to RHEL) 8.4 is now available for the Linux customers. RHEL 8.4 has various updates and enhancements for developers, designers, and production teams. So now you can download the latest version from Red Hat’s official site. But before downloading RHEL 8.4 you might want to have a sneak peek at all the new features offered by this model. This article will explain that and then will take you through the upgrade procedure using the dnf command-line option. # ⚓ Red_Hat,_Intel_To_Bring_Industry_4.0_Transformation To_Smart_Manufacturing_And_Energy⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Open_Innovation_Labs:_The_power_of_doing transformation_instead_of_just_talking_about_it⠀⇛ Red Hat doesn’t just talk about transformation, we do transformation with our clients, hands-on. I recently committed code into a code repository for a transformation project, working alongside our customer and the Red Hat APAC Open Innovation Labs team in a residency-style engagement. Let’s talk about why Red Hat customers choose to work with us to transform vital parts of their business. Organizations realize that transformation needs to be people-centric. It can’t be only top-down, theoretical, or unrelatable to outcomes. That only allows room for fear and change resistance to grow. It needs to come with globally proven practices, methodologies and processes. It needs to build on innovative open source, cloud-ready technology and bring people together on the journey of collaboration, information sharing—in a safe environment to learn and grow. That’s what the Red Hat approach is all about. And I’ll walk you through the details now. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Sugar_[in_Sparky]⠀⇛ A new desktop has been implemented to APTus AppCenter: Sugar # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Continues_Work_On_Flutter+Dart_Written Firmware-Updater_Utility⠀⇛ Along with the work-in-progress new Ubuntu desktop installer, another GUI project being pursued by Canonical going into the Ubuntu 22.04 LTS cycle is the “firmware-updater” as a firmware updating GUI solution written in the Flutter toolkit and Dart. Canonical has been quietly working on firmware-updater as a GUI front-end for handling firmware updating on Ubuntu Linux. Fortunately, this isn’t reinventing the wheel entirely but basically a Flutter-geared GUI front-end to the wonderful FWUPD utility with the Linux Vendor Firmware Service. # ⚓ Ubuntu_is_Working_on_a_New_Firmware_Updater_App⠀⇛ # ⚓ Compact,_Ubuntu_powered_robot_controllers_available in_Jetson_or_Tiger_Lake_flavors⠀⇛ Adlink announced two rugged, Ubuntu/ROS driven robotics controllers: a “ROSCube Pico NPN” SBC or box PC based on the Jetson Nano and Xavier NX with 4x GbE and a “ROSCube Pico TGL” box PC based on Tiger Lake-U with 2.5GbE and GbE. Today at the Robotics and Automation 21 show in Coventry, UK, Adlink unveiled two ROSCube Pico robotics controllers. The ROSCube Pico NPN is available in both board-level and enclosed models, both with a choice of Nvidia Jetson Nano and more powerful Jetson Xavier NX modules. The ROSCube Pico TGL taps an 11th Gen Tiger Lake ULP processor in a box PC form factor and ships with Intel OpenVINO. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Liberating_The_ESP8266_From_Its_Development_Board_| Hackaday⠀⇛ While the ESP32 is clearly a superior piece of hardware, we think you’ll agree that the ESP8266 is just too useful not to have a dozen or so kicking around the parts bin at any given time. Cheap, easy to use, and just enough capabilities to bring your projects into the wonderful world of IoT. But if you really want to get the most out of it, you’ll eventually have to skip the development board and start working with the bare module itself. It can be a scary transition, but luckily, [Ray] has collected some notes that should prove helpful for anyone looking use modules like the ESP-12F in their own custom PCBs. From different tips on making sure the power-hungry modules get enough juice, to cost cutting measures that help reduce the ancillary parts needed in your circuit design, it’s a worthwhile read for new and experienced ESP8266 wranglers alike. # ⚓ Conexio_Stratus_–_An_nRF9160_board_with_solar_energy harvesting_capability_(Crowdfunding)_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Conexio Stratus board is equipped with Nordic Semi nRF9160 System in Package (SiP) with LTE-M (eMTC) & NB-IoT cellular IoT connectivity as well as GPS support through a pair of u.FL connectors for antennas, together with 500MB of mobile data valid for ten years. # ⚓ Meet_Grumpy_Hedgehog,_an_adorable_gesture-sensing_companion |_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Detecting shapes and gestures has traditionally been performed by camera systems due to their large arrays of pixels. However, Jean Peradel has come up with a method that uses cheap time-of-flight (ToF) sensors to sense both objects and movement over time. Better yet, his entire project is housed within a 3D-printed “Grumpy Hedgehog” that contains not only the sensors, but a highly-interactive 1.44” LCD screen as well. Peradel’s smart home companion is capable of picking up several different kinds of movements and patterns to perform a wide variety of actions such as sending keystrokes to a PC, controlling a light, or actuating a servo motor. This is accomplished by taking VL53L1X ToF modules, which have a 16×16 scanning array and communicate over the I2C bus. Once the attached Arduino MKR WiFi 1010 has read this data, it can determine if the object (which appears closer on the grid) has moved up, down, left, or right. # ⚓ The_CrowPi_is_a_combination_Linux_laptop_and_Raspberry_Pi explorer’s_kit⠀⇛ The CrowPi2 looks like an ordinary laptop with an 11.6-inch screen with 1080p resolution, but it’s also a nifty Raspberry Pi experimentation and learning platform. You can remove the wireless keyboard from the case to reveal a development board with bunch of different onboard sensors and modules, and components such as an LCD display and a solderless breadboard. # ⚓ Aaeon_reveals_Elkhart_Lake_Pico-ITX_and_ships_Tiger_Lake 3.5-inch_SBCs⠀⇛ Yesterday, when we were reporting on Canonical’s release of Ubuntu images optimized for Intel’s Elkhart Lake and Tiger Lake processors, we saw several patch notices referring to the EHL. Aaeon then confirmed that the patches referred to its PICO-EHL4 SBC, which was revealed with no image and very few details a year ago after Elkhart Lake was announced. Aaeon has since posted specs, apparently in late September when it announced the board, on Aaeon’s newsletter. We also cover Aaeon’s Tiger Lake-U based GENE-TGU6 3.5-inch SBC, which we detailed in May based on a preliminary product page and which Aaeon has now formally launched with some minor changes. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_sets_the_record_straight_on_which_Pixel_phones will_get_the_Android_12L_beta⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_app_brings_power_menu_controls_back_to_Android 12_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_update_tracker:_Early_info_we_know_so far⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_custom_GSIs_bring_the_latest_Android_OS_to any_Project_Treble-supported_device⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Android_12_Tracker:_Here_are_all_the_official One_UI_4.0_beta_builds_to_download_and_install⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_is_testing_Android_12_on_over_60_devices_in closed_and_internal_betas_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Aggressively_Limits_Background_Apps_But_Is It_A_Good_Thing?_|_HotHardware⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12′s_lovely_wallpaper-based_themes_will_crash your_games_if_you_use_automated_wallpapers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Poll:_How_are_you_enjoying_Android_12_so_far?_| Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Android_12_Beta_on_Samsung_phones_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common_Android_12_Problems_and_How_to_Fix_Them_| Digital_Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ [Update:_Nov._03]_T-Mobile,_Verizon,_Sprint_&_AT&T Android_11_update_tracker_–_PiunikaWeb⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lenovo_Tab_P11_Plus_review:_Budget_Android_tablet with_stylus_input_and_keyboard_cover_– NotebookCheck.net_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ xiaoxin_pad_pro:_Lenovo_Xiaoxin_Pad_Pro_Android tablet_with_10,ooo_mAh_battery_launched_–_Times_of India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Attn_Android_Users!_Immediately_Delete_Any_Of_These 151_Apps_From_Your_Phone:_Here’s_Why⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Users_Need_to_Uninstall_These_151_Apps Immediately_|_PCMag⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Warns_of_New_Android_0-Day_Vulnerability_Under Active_Targeted_Attacks⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_is_turning_on_two-step_verification_for_a_lot of_personal_accounts⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_record_calls_on_Android_devices_using Truecaller?_Here’s_a_guide_–_Information_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Get_Music_Controls_in_Google_Maps_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Save_up_to_$315_on_Hisense’s_latest_4K_Android_TVs: QLED_120Hz,_HDMI_2.1,_more_from_$300_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hisense_Android_TV_sale_goes_live_with_up_to_$315_off –_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Motorola_launches_up_to_$600_off_Android_smartphone sale:_razr_5G,_G100,_more_from_$180_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Traffix,_Pascal’s Wager,_7_Minute_Workout_PRO,_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_tips_to_becoming_a_technical_writer_with_open_source contributions⠀⇛ Whether you’re a tech hobbyist interested in dabbling in technical writing or an established technologist looking to pivot your career to become a professional technical writer, you can build your technical writing portfolio with open source contributions. Writing for open source projects is fun, flexible, and low risk. Contribute to a project of interest to you on your own schedule, and you might be surprised at how welcoming the community can be or how fast you can make an impact. Your open source contributions show potential employers that you take the initiative and seek opportunities to learn, grow, and challenge yourself. As with anything, you have to start somewhere. Contributing to open source projects allows you to showcase your talents while also learning new skills and technologies. In addition, writing for open source projects enables you to connect with new communities, collaborate with new people across time zones, and build your network. When you dig into open source opportunities, you enhance your resume and set yourself apart from other candidates. Here are four ways to get started with contributing to open source that can lead to a career in technical writing. # ⚓ A_Number_Of_System76_Laptop_Coreboot_Ports_Reach_Mainline_– Phoronix⠀⇛ A number of System76 laptops saw their Coreboot open-source firmware ports merged to the mainline code-base today. System76 has been porting their laptops to running off Coreboot for the maximum extent possible for open-source, when Intel’s FSP and the like do not get in the way. System76 has been successful in this ongoing endeavor and a number of their devices today saw the support merged into mainline Coreboot. # ⚓ Benjamin_Mako_Hill:_Q&A_about_doing_a_PhD_with_my_research group⠀⇛ Ever considered doing research about online communities, free culture/software, and peer production full time? It’s PhD admission season and my research group—the Community Data Science Collective—is doing an open-to-anyone Q&A about PhD admissions this Friday November 5th. We’ve got room in the session and its not too late to sign up to join us! # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_94_Brings_Colors_and_Gains_Security⠀⇛ The list of the noticeable enhancements in Firefox 94 includes Colorways, site isolation, as well as multiple performance and security improvements. The latest stable version of the Firefox web browser, version 94, is now rolling out. There’s quite a bit going on with a couple of new features, some add-ons updates and a whole lot of performance fixes and improvements. There are also all important security updates which roll out in every version update and new release to the browser. # ⚓ Firefox_94_Released_with_a_new_OpenGL_backend for_Linux_–_LinuxStoney⠀⇛ Today, Tuesday, Mozilla officially releases Firefox 94 and Firefox ESR 91.3 at the same time. As usual, the new versions have been on the servers since yesterday . Linux users can look forward to more speed in WebGL rendering and less energy consumption, because the OpenGL API is also changing from GLX to its modern successor EGL under X11 , as Mozilla developer Martin Stransky reports in his blog . # ⚓ Firefox_94.0_Released_with_“Unload”_option_to Release_System_Resource_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ On the first launch of Firefox 94, a dialog will pop-up allows you to choose between color schemes. By clicking on “Explore colorways“, it allows to choose between 6 color palettes with live preview. And each has ‘Soft’, ‘Balance’, and ‘Cold’ colors to choose from. For those using Mesa driver >= 21, Firefox 94 now uses the Linux graphics stack EGL instead of GLX. This will increase WebGL performance and reduce resource consumption. Ubuntu 21.04 and Ubuntu 21.10 may have the benefit, though proprietary Nvidia driver is not supported at the moment. The new Firefox introduced a “about: unloads” page, allows users to manually unload inactive tabs to release system resources. Though it can be disabled by settings “browser.tabs.unloadOnLowMemory” to false. # ⚓ Mozilla_Releases_Security_Updates for_Firefox, Firefox_ESR,_and_Thunderbird_|_CISA⠀⇛ Mozilla has released security updates to address vulnerabilities in Firefox and Firefox ESR. An attacker could exploit some of these vulnerabilities to take control of an affected system.  CISA encourages users and administrators to review the Mozilla security advisories for Firefox 94 and Firefox ESR 91.3. # § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Access/Content⠀➾ # ⚓ Malamud’s_General_Index:_Research_Gist,_No_Slap On_The_Wrist_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ Tired of that unsettling feeling you get from looking for paywalled papers on that one site that shall not be named? Yeah, us too. But now there’s an alternative that should feel a little less illegal: this new index of the world’s research papers over on the Internet Archive. It’s an index of words and short phrases (up to five words) culled from approximately 107 million research papers. The point is to make it easier for scientists to gain insights from papers that they might not otherwise have access to. The Index will also make it easier for computerized analysis of the world’s research. Call it a gist machine. Technologist Carl Malamud created this index, which doesn’t contain the full text of any paper. Some of the researchers with early access to the Index said that it is quite helpful for text mining. The only real barrier to entry is that there is no web search portal for it — you have to download 5TB of compressed files and roll your own program. In addition to sentence fragments, the files contain 20 billion keywords and tables with the papers’ titles, authors, and DOI numbers which will help users locate the full paper if necessary. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Array_Filter_in_Ruby⠀⇛ We can think of arrays as databases or, more specifically, a table within a database. The main use of arrays is to store related items in a single entity, allowing you to manage them efficiently. This tutorial will illustrate how to filter the results from an array using the select, find and reject methods. # ⚓ C++_Cout_Format⠀⇛ Within the C++ language, there are some objects specified in libraries to do some specific tasks. Just like this, the iostream library has been used to input and output the data to an input and output device while using C++. The “cout” object is the main object used to display the data to a device screen while including the “iostream” header file in the code. Let’s have some examples to see the format of the C++ cout statement in Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ Bash_For_Loop_1_to_10⠀⇛ We all know that many of the basic concepts of programming contain many data structures, variables, statements, and loops. Loops are very well-known among all of them when running a series of instructions or doing some tasks under certain conditions. The most famous and most used loop is the “for” loop. So, today we will be looking at the syntax and working of the “for” loop for a series of numbers, i.e., 1 to 10. Let’s start by opening a terminal shell with the help of a “Ctrl+Alt+T” command on the Ubuntu 20.04 desktop system. # ⚓ Convert_Array_to_Hash_Ruby⠀⇛ Both arrays and dictionaries share a common trait in all major programming languages: they are both flexible and scalable data structures that help organize and refactor code. In certain instances, the need to convert an array to a hash and vice versa comes up. In this guide, we shall discuss how you can convert an array to a hash in Ruby. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Cold_Cocktail⠀⇛ How NyQuil, the over-the-counter cold medicine of choice for millions of sniffling people, innovated by combining a bunch of drugs together in a novel way. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Florida_as_a_Communist_country._Different_name,_same friendly_service._“No_COVID_under_Ron_DeSantis.”_-Fox_News_– BaronHK’s_Rants⠀⇛ Fox News wrote an article praising Ron DeSantis, Governor of Florida, for having no COVID now to speak of. That’s very easy to do when you fire all of the people from the state health department who would tell the public the truth and criminally prosecute those who continue to do so anyway, and then you re-define what COVID cases and deaths are. # ⚓ EPA_Withheld_Reports_of_Risk_Posed_by_1,240_Chemicals⠀⇛ Beginning in 2019, the EPA stopped releasing crucial toxics reports. Even agency staffers have a hard time accessing them. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ macOS_Monterey_Update_Bricking_Macs,_Just_Like_Big Sur⠀⇛ At some point you have to ask yourself if major OS updates ever go smoothly. It seems there are always problems of some sort, whether macOS, Windows, Android, or iOS. This week’s “lucky winner” is the macOS Monterey update that was just released last week. Some users of older machines are complaining of their Macs not restarting after installing the macOS Monterey update. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_Announces_NextArch Foundation⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, announced the NextArch Foundation. The new Foundation is a neutral home for open source developers and contributors to build next-generation architecture that can support compatibility between an increasing array of microservices. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation’s_LFX_Security project_helps_software_projects secure_their_code [Ed: A lot of Linux Foundation press releases are edited into almost identical articles because the Foundation spends its money buying those puff pieces, just like Microsoft. Ghostwriting is an attack on journalism.]⠀⇛ The LFX platform hosts community tools for security, fundraising, community growth, project health, mentorship and more. It supports projects and empowers open source teams to write better, more secure code, drive engagement and grow sustainable ecosystems. # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_aims_to_protect the_software_supply_chain⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_backs_Project OpenBytes:_An_attempt_to_slash_legal risk_of_sharing_data_for_training AI⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Wednesday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Fedora (CuraEngine, curl, firefox, php, and vim), openSUSE (apache2, pcre, salt, transfig, and util-linux), Oracle (.NET 5.0, curl, kernel, libsolv, python3, samba, and webkit2gtk3), and Red Hat (flatpak). # ⚓ Finding_and_Fixing_DOM-based_XSS_with_Static Analysis_–_Attack_&_Defense⠀⇛ Despite all the efforts of fixing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) on the web, it continuously ranks as one of the most dangerous security issues in software. In particular, DOM-based XSS is gaining increasing relevance: DOM-based XSS is a form of XSS where the vulnerability resides completely in the client-side code (e.g., in JavaScript). Indeed, more and more web applications implement all of their UI code using fronted web technologies: Single Page Applications (SPAs) are more prone to this vulnerability, mainly because they are more JavaScript-heavy than other web applications. An XSS in Electron applications, however, has the potential to cause even more danger due to the system-level APIs available in the Electron framework (e.g., reading local files and executing programs). The following article will take a deeper look into Mozilla’s eslint-based tooling to detect and prevent DOM-based XSS and how it might be useful for your existing web applications. The eslint plugin was developed as part of our mitigations against injection attacks in the Firefox browser, for which the user interface is also written in HTML, JavaScript and CSS. # ⚓ ‘Trojan_Source’_a_Threat_to_All_Source_Code, Languages_|_eSecurityPlanet⠀⇛ Researchers have outlined a method that could be used by bad actors to push vulnerabilities into source code that are invisible to human code reviewers. In a paper released this week, two researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK wrote that the method – which they dub “Trojan Source” – essentially can be leveraged against almost every programming language in use today and could be effective in supply-chain attacks similar to the one launched against SolarWinds last year. # ⚓ Victory!_U.S._blacklists_NSO_Group_and_Candiru –_Access_Now⠀⇛ Today, the U.S. Government added NSO Group, Candiru, and two other foreign companies to the Entity List for engaging in activities contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States. While long overdue, Access Now applauds this announcement, and urges the European Union and other governments to implement similar restrictions on surveillance tech companies who facilitate human rights violations. “This is a huge win,” said Natalia Krapiva, Tech-Legal Counsel at Access Now. “NSO and Candiru like to brag that their spyware technologies are all about protecting public safety and national security. But here, we have the United States, a major power, coming out and saying these companies are violating not only human rights, but also U.S. national security.” # ⚓ FBI_Releases_PIN_on_Attacks_Using_Significant Financial_Events_for_Extortion⠀⇛ The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has released a Private Industry Notification (PIN) on ransomware actors using significant financial events, such as mergers and acquisitions, to target and leverage victim companies. CISA encourages users and administrators to review Ransomware Actors Use Significant Financial Events and Stock Valuation to Facilitate Targeting and Extortion of Victims and apply the recommended mitigations. # ⚓ DCOM_abuse_and_lateral_movement_with_Cobalt Strike_|_Pen_Test_Partners⠀⇛ It is possible to bypass certain AVs by encoding executables containing payloads with tools such as Msfvenom. Alternatively, using tools such as Shellter or Veil to create custom Portable Executables (PE) capable of bypassing common anti-virus solutions. These tools also allow you to inject payloads into legitimate software to even better mask your malicious code from the AV. These tools can be successful at performing their task, however if one used the same binary several times there is a good chance it would be added to existing AV/EDR signature databases. Using websites like VirusTotal to test the detection rate of your executables will also likely speed up the process of your malware getting added to a AV signature database. In general, uploading binaries onto a target currently is a bit of an unnecessary risk, therefore I wanted to look into ways of performing lateral movement with malware that does not need to be transferred to the disk of the target. The great thing about Cobalt Strike is the option to execute .NET binaries in memory of the target (execute- assembly), without needing to transfer it. Following the same idea, I wanted to be able to transfer malware to the target, that would execute in memory and avoid the unnecessary triggering of AV by the fact that it is present on the disk. I came across a technique called reflective DLL injection and thought it was genius. Reflective DLL injection involved loading a .NET Dynamic Link Library (DLL) into the memory of the target. Common tooling such as powershell can be used to load the DLL and allows the execution of your choice of methods available within the DLL. This results in diskless malware execution. I liked the concept however, performing the preparation for such a task was slightly lengthy, therefore my programmer instincts kicked in and I thought why not create some automation. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ America’s_Largest_Teachers’_Unions_Push Vaccine_Mandates_That_Will_Usher_in Technocratic_Digital_ID⠀⇛ Back in February 2021, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) and the National Education Association (NEA) lobbied the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) to extend COVID restrictions that perpetuate public education’s reliance on privatization, specifically from Big Tech companies, which have been raking in record profits by selling schools ed-tech products to deliver online instruction during lockdowns. While the AFT and the NEA appealed to public health and safety rationales, their CDC lobbying efforts were couched in their conflicts of interest with Big Tech companies, such as IBM; corporate philanthropies, including the Rockefeller Foundation; globalist non- governmental organizations, like the Trilateral Commission; and world governance institutions, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Lobbying the CDC to add COVID restrictions for in-person learning that perpetuate Big Tech privatization was just a pit-stop on the way toward these same teachers’ unions pushing mandatory coronavirus jabs for students and educators who will be required to verify their vaccination status with compulsory digital immunizations passports platformed on blockchain and other “distributed ledger technologies” (DLTs). Now that President Joe Biden has called on state governors to mandate COVID vaccination for all school employees and students, the AFT and the NEA are fully on board with the state and federal proclamations forcing their dues- paying teachers to get jabbed along with students. By backing government-mandated vaccinations for school employees and students, the AFT and the NEA are rolling out the red carpet for digital vaccine passports through blockchain DLTs that will be used to aggregate students’ electronic health records (EHRs), “learning analytics,” workforce competency algorithms, and criminal histories into “Social Credit” scores which will determine access to the public square and private markets – a technocratic system planned out in detail long before COVID-19 emerged. [...] IBM’s extensive ties to the NEA go back several decades. In 1960, the NEA’s “Educational Implications of Automation” was financed “with an unrestricted grant from IBM.” Later, IBM partnered with the NEA’s “Mastery in Learning Project” in 1986, at the tail end of UNESCO “Study 11,” which orchestrated international public-private partnerships between Big Tech corporations, including IBM, Microsoft, and Apple, along with national government agencies, such as the US Department of Ed, to set up the global “information technology” (IT) infrastructure necessary for the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s ed-tech panopticon. In 1988, the NEA-IBM partnership launched the “Mastery in Learning School Renewal Network,” which was “an asynchronous teleconferencing and messaging system using PCs [for] the first electronic network dedicated specifically to school reform.” Two years later, in 1990, UNESCO collaborated with the World Bank to hold the World Conference on Education for All, which was followed up by a conference hosted by the United State Coalition for Education for All (USCEFA) in 1991. According to the USCEFA “Conference Report” titled Learning for All: Bridging Domestic and International Education, USCEFA was sponsored by the NEA, the AFT, IBM, Apple, the US Department of Education, and USAID, which has a long history of fronting for CIA operations. # ⚓ Consultation_on_Draft_Guidance_for_Police Services’_Privacy_Obligations_on_the_Use_of Facial_Recognition_Technology_–_The_Citizen Lab⠀⇛ The Citizen Lab at the Munk School of Global Affairs & Public Policy, University of Toronto (“Citizen Lab”), is an interdisciplinary laboratory which focuses on research, development, and high-level strategic policy and legal engagement at the intersection of information and communication technologies, human rights, and global security. Our work relies on a “mixed methods” approach to research combining practices from political science, law, computer science, and area studies. Citizen Lab research has included, among other work: investigating digital espionage against civil society; documenting Internet filtering and other technologies and practices that impact freedom of expression online; analyzing privacy, security, and information controls of popular applications; and examining transparency and accountability mechanisms related to the relationship between corporations and state agencies regarding personal data and other surveillance activities. Our submission is based on research that we have conducted at the Citizen Lab, and is submitted in our individual capacities as fellows of the Citizen Lab. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Cancelled_event_—_Voices_from_Ethiopia:_Living_through internet_shutdowns_–_Access_Now⠀⇛ In light of the recent developments in Ethiopia, and following feedback received from civil society partners, we have decided to postpone Thursday’s public event — “Voices from Ethiopia: Living through internet shutdowns” — until further notice. The safety and security of the people we work with is of utmost importance to us, and we remain in solidarity with you all through these difficult times. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ As_teens_left_Facebook,_company_planned_to_lure_6-year- olds,_documents_show⠀⇛ Facebook has a demographic problem. Even before investigations revealed that the company’s products were destroying teens’ mental health, interest in its flagship product was dropping off a cliff. Since 2019, teen usage of the app has declined by 13 percent, and over the next two years, it’s expected to drop another 45 percent. “Aging up is a real issue” a researcher wrote in an internal memo revealed last week. Perhaps that’s why Facebook was considering new products targeted at children as young as six years old, according to a new document handed over to Congress by whistleblower Frances Haugen. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Texas_lawmaker_is_investigating_850_books_on_race_and gender_that_could_cause_‘discomfort’_to_students⠀⇛ A Texas Republican lawmaker has launched an inquiry to identify books at public school libraries and classrooms on the subjects of race or sex that might “make students feel discomfort.” State Rep. Matt Krause, a Republican who is chair of the Texas House Committee on General Investigating, sent a letter on Monday notifying the Texas Education Agency about the investigation and asking a number of school districts to report which books in a list of hundreds of titles are owned by schools and how much money they spent acquiring those titles. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Introducing_IFF’s_Connectivity_Tracker #MapTheDigitalDivide⠀⇛ The internet is an indelible part of modern Indian life. From social media platforms to apps for daily services to online schooling to online portals for receiving government benefits, the internet is everywhere. This makes the task of ensuring internet access to every citizen of India a task of paramount importance (to see what the government can do to improve internet access, see our explainer on improving internet access here). Unfortunately, a significant digital divide still persists to this date. The effects of this digital divide are very serious. For example, millions of children have had their education halted as only 22% of schools have the internet facilities that would have enabled them to shift to online learning. Malnutrition in Jharkhand may have also been a result of bad internet connections at PDS shops. In August this year, a 13 year old tribal boy reportedly fell from a cliff and died while trying to search for internet connectivity to join his online class. Such incidents are extremely horrifying, and so it is imperative that policy makers address such issues at the earliest. Thus, we have decided to compile data from various sources to provide a holistic view of the state of internet access in India at present. It is important to note here that internet access does not just mean the presence of internet connectivity – it is just as essential that access be provided in an equitable manner. Therefore, we have also included data on the many digital inequalities that pervade our country. Lastly, we will also look at what the government is doing to alleviate these problems. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Designs_from_Kimono_Pattern_Books_(ca._1902)_–_The Public_Domain_Review⠀⇛ These designs capture a period of cultural change in Japan, when the kimono became increasingly associated with national mythmaking and tradition. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6879 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 72 seconds to (re)generate ⟲