𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, December 30, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 31 Dec 02:40:48 GMT 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmcFJuq5PVoQgjijbLaMibeRbgr4h5pFcpzBYWqLap1cNu QmSBPP9JjsnqHFcHfShHhNsQwTc4eHz66BF5ihuBjaxpKM QmPrW6GPykdMyQtg8txV2DXmRYjghF1TQPv6CJcwVUx6iy QmVNVya1kBzPYdBdJekAHEpk3m857qJsnQet4QNxycPonK QmUQmiHKq1wV1JkS2hwXEf1etD3jM43Afc68V6omxpqaCi QmbheKKYhpyw3SvZSmHbavdgcv1PSaRtPdaQ746tgUFXbp QmZqoL722Mk7hDJcSz2oBxydXY7S2G5r4ByHgRdKBw7dUH QmTZSRzHEP7hwr4tL7ky23HxA9Z3tUBjQrfwYPAieSYsGe QmRKnWzns1EsWaoxUGG5KEEhiyhSELGYVdfVqSB5Ay4qhc QmZdVw5kGwFeXoGNexLWZDS8MJxeGKAeup4JpiAnmE946y QmYdAKSfCu9puR3SWGWwGW19Uzo1jj4L1aYpeGqpC5FCp6 QmZP4LnsTHrznHVdokybFZafDLWJqRPKyvvberG4dVRasQ QmfL4kPLDVa6CGiB1yXozobGCQ5fTPahv8T7hPstsxvkie QmP2Y5UBBDqcCEECSknvoPU6WVjL4V93dQMbKj34jYv56N QmTTqHT1gu1SWzp4ejhsMMHeEr1cnaDHeAQnawx8obkmR5 QmVjqVfy1bLLkjPbYtUagNsq6vfXCToNocEPu1s2Cvo3ab QmXVB3t7bvESJpBXVnHEH2koE5NY8MqsHXWVco5dbnNW1M QmUnmYrNuwB9WxrYeqcbFyf8Bew66hMkdU1YVc9WsKh4JC QmYjUQnBiQsqQMypkyvfTj7b9arksYuzUe1BzJ9a6JUTk4 QmarLrYBMcbMFgab1qAkPGRjRr57niwUpd5PEPbMp8225S QmYYUiUwcwdiuMNs9EXu5Ci3ELNhZcY4b7JsFUZqp7drnc ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ COVID-19 Has Exacerbated Already Severe Psychological Harm Associated With Working for the EPO | Techrights ⦿ Microsoft GitHub and Google YouTube Remove Source Code and Video for DOOM Running on IKEA Smart Lamp Due to DMCA Take Down | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, December 29, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ [Video] Open Source Initiative (OSI) Board of Directors Chair and Former Treasurer: Half of Our Money Goes to Microsoft Stuff | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] OSI Has Choked Itself to Death (by Surrendering to Its Worst Enemy) | Techrights ⦿ In the Latest OSI Tax Filing (From the IRS), Filed 13 Months Ago, Only 4% of the Revenue Comes From Members (People, Not Corporations) and $252,702 Goes to Microsoft Projects (Propping Up Proprietary Software Monopoly) | Techrights ⦿ “It is Difficult to Get a Man to Understand Something, When His Salary Depends on His Not Understanding It” (Upton Sinclair) | Techrights ⦿ ’Diversity’ Funding From Enablers of Adolf Hitler (Not a Joke, Not Even Funny) | Techrights ⦿ Social Control Media is Out of Control, Now It Censors Microsoft Critics Using Straw Man Arguments and False Pretexts | Techrights ⦿ My Year as a Digital Vegan — Part VI — The Right Words | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/epo-and-covid/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/gafam-code-censorship/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/irc-log-291221/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/joshua-simmons-osi-microsoft/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-as-corporate-stooge/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-budget-for-proprietary-software-monopoly/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-salary/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/outreachy-funding/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/social-control-media-censors/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/tech-language-and-linguistics/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/linux-bios-updates-without-reboot/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/openrgb-0-7/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 75 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/epo-and-covid/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/epo-and-covid/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ COVID-19_Has_Exacerbated_Already_Severe_Psychological_Harm_Associated_With Working_for_the_EPO⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 12:04 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 104a64d9cfa1b31afd3029a3f0c0ff20 http://techrights.org/videos/epo-and-coronavirus.webm Summary: This video deals with an old publication (hitherto unavailable to the general public) about COVID-19 and the EPO; it also speaks of the misuse of this pandemic for censorship and misuse of the patent system to monopolise vaccination, pricing it out of reach for the majority of this world As noted over_a_week_ago, Germany is “classing the UK as a risk area for the Omicron variant and stating that new travel rules would be put in place.” Or as others_put_it, Germany “tries to slow the spread of Omicron.” They already implemented partial lock-downs earlier this month, so two years after COVID-19 had entered Europe the issue is far from resolved (media_isn’t_helping). Today we’d like to publish a_document_from_the_early_days_of_this_pandemic [PDF] (not too long after it was classified as such). It was cited_in_that_same_year_by the_Central_Staff_Committee. “They already implemented partial lock-downs earlier this month, so two years after COVID-19 had entered Europe the issue is far from resolved.”“Working from home in times of Coronavirus” is still relevant to the situation in 2022 because workers are encouraged to work from home and there’s no end in sight. As SUEPO Munich put it, “the Office bears alone the operational risk and it must accept the consequences of the Coronavirus crisis, even if it is not responsible for it.” █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 127 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/gafam-code-censorship/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/gafam-code-censorship/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Microsoft_GitHub_and_Google_YouTube_Remove_Source_Code_and_Video_for_DOOM Running_on_IKEA_Smart_Lamp_Due_to_DMCA_Take_Down⠀✐ Posted in Google, Microsoft at 6:39 am by Guest Editorial Team Guest post by Ryan, reprinted with permission from the_original SO Microsoft_GitHub_and_Google_YouTube_removed_source_code_and_video_for_DOOM running_on_an_IKEA_smart_lamp_due_to_DMCA_take_down. At the time of this writing, the Internet Archive has the directory layout, but not the source code, from the GitHub repo. “Then again, IKEA is known for sending legal nastygrams.”It is unclear who demanded the takedown, but it may have been Microsoft themselves, as they own id Software now. Since the DOOM engine is under the GPL and IKEA really can’t stop people who buy a smart lamp from hacking on it when they get it home using a DMCA take down against someone telling them how to do that, Microsoft is the likely suspect. The Shareware Doom levels were redistributable, they had to be modified in order to run on the IKEA smart lamp, which gives Microsoft attorneys an opening to make DMCA claims against the software. Then again, IKEA is known for sending legal nastygrams. Regardless of who the bully is this time (the author, “next-hack” was unclear), this is the threat we face with Big Tech like Microsoft and their Web of DRM and DMCA. Nothing is permanent. Nothing can be trusted,. The infrastructure is tainted and must be replaced. I_did_find_a_clone_repo_where_you_can_click_code_and_then_download_as_ZIP. Since it too is on GitHub, I don’t know how much longer it will be available. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 187 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/irc-log-291221/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/irc-log-291221/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_December_29,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:37 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-291221.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-291221.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-291221.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-291221.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmYt5S5xxivrnBRwB5HCtW4JX9y4VW6oL7wJiLqo46shwB #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmarGkZnYvRQUdXvNCMfzRnkJdupfXs31rFjG2NBx6e9Yq (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmdASWSwSUZeUu29VxnqpqXZLmdMPXeKHeeYRafi95MmYW social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmZKgb62RsZye2wrs3ktWZoNj5vUMxGVADED7y9wNtejJK social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYPCvNvEyXGJBv532tXB9HaocwvZyCAb2rwcjvLEUiZ7f #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmavsmmZHFSC7aKT9xynx6L31gigN39pz3U544WPpwnyJ4 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYp5LmLVedyq1VKEvdZpgUaJci8Ve4Lpv3kjdWmJyvZgk #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmeUrgZ6YJEsHk2N9Tcy5S9ENHPskP8A7VzUkf7BUx1VVe (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmYYUiUwcwdiuMNs9EXu5Ci3ELNhZcY4b7JsFUZqp7drnc ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 314 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/joshua-simmons-osi-microsoft/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/joshua-simmons-osi-microsoft/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Video]_Open_Source_Initiative_(OSI)_Board_of_Directors_Chair_and_Former Treasurer:_Half_of_Our_Money_Goes_to_Microsoft_Stuff⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft, OSI at 5:35 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz http://techrights.org/videos/osi-budget.webm 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇OSI Microsoft photo op⦈ Summary: Last_year's_talk from Mr. Joshua R. Simmons will prove rather problematic to Stefano Maffulli, the new_leader who is dodging all the relevant topics while OSI/Microsoft falsely report me to Twitter [1, 2] Latest on this: Stefano Maffulli wrote on 30/12/2021 06:35: > I’m sorry Twitter suspended your account. Do you have an account on a mastodon instance? Someone reported that tweet about the OSI, based on false grounds. No, I do not use mastodon; how does that make is OK that someone misused COVID-19 to suspend my account, based on a false report? Can you not see how your 6-figure salary from the OSI blinds you to real issue? Josh has already said openly that half or more of the OSI’s budget is devoted to ClearlyDefined. I have this on video. He said it himself, twice. And he should know as treasurers and head of the board. I’m open to a serious conversation here; asking me if I have a mastodon account seems like topic shifting. Also: Stefano Maffulli wrote on 30/12/2021 06:41: > I don’t know who reported you to Twitter, it wasn’t me. I’m sorry they suspended your account. > > The contributions from Microsoft and GitHub aren’t the majority of OSI budget. I don’t know where you got that number. Our tax report for 2021 will be published asap. Until then you can estimate by looking at their contribution levels reported on opensource.org. You are using a straw man argument. What Josh said, twice, was that half or more of the OSI’s budget is devoted to ClearlyDefined, not that half of the OSI’s budget comes from them. I have very good reasons to believe, as I’ve explained publicly, that the report to Twitter came from someone associated with the OSI. I’d take your word that it was not you, personally, but the issue needs to be rectified; there are now 2 issues: 1) OSI censoring critics (this is not the first time) 2) OSI helping proprietary software agenda, in defiance of its original mission. Put aside the salary and consider the situation from a fresh pair of eyes; I sincerely gave you the benefit of the doubt, but I’m not seeing the OSI improving, only looking to cover up what’s happening. It is as clear as daylight that ClearlyDefined is designed to fortify Microsoft’s proprietary software. You, as one who used to oppose Microsoft, are smart enough to see this. So is Simon, but the moment he surrendered to them he began being evasive about this whole affair. COVID-19 misinformation comes_from_many_British_politicians_including_the_Prime Minister, shamelessly looking to deflect/divert blame for terrible_policy designed_to_serve_oligarchs_at_the_expense_of_public_safety. Isn’t it funny that Twitter will let the issue be leveraged to censor/suspend critics of corporate abuse and outright ban people who point_out_patent_issues that_prevent_wider_access_to_vaccination? This_is_a_longstanding_problem. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣄⣀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣦⣧⣼⣧⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠡⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣰⣤⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣿⣿⣾⣿⣯⠀⠀⢷⣿⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⡿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⠛⢽⣶⡿⠀⠀⠸⣿⡛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⡹⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⡗⡆⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣦⣀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⢿⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⢗⠙⣇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢍⢽⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡉⢻⡝⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⢿⣏⠇⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡿⡿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⣠⡩⡵⠀⠄⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⠹⣿⡻⣻⢿⣿⣿⣦⡀⢀⣾⣿⣯⡯⣿⣿⠄⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢌⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⡼⡏⢿⣶⠈⠉⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣸⣛⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣔⠁⣨⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⡄⠘⠻⠀⠀⠀⣿⡧⠏⢨⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡻⠿⢧⣄⡖⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢲⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣦⡀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡂⠀⠰⢿⣿⣿⣣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⣹⡯⢺⣿⣧⣾⡿⠷⣲⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠚⠁⠀⢠⣶⢿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠘⠋⠃⢀⡀⡘⠿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣃⣴⡆⢸⡞⢻⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⢁⣾⣿⣟⣿⡷⠰⡇⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣛⠻⣿⣆⠀⣹⣄⡰⣽⡿⢫⠈⢳⡟⡿⠟⠙⠇⠀⠀⠠⣴⣿⣻⣷⢸⣿⣿⢧⣾⣿⡽⣺⣿⣿⠀⠁⠀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣦⣀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣿⣷⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣾⣝⠧⢬⣿⣧⢀⣿⡞⠀⠙⠁⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⠨⠿⡄⣿⡿⡼⠭⠉⠀⢐⠜⢨⣾⣟⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⣦⣿⣿⣿⣯⡉⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠈⢿⡿⢯⣧⣄⠀⠀⠁⠀⠙⡿⣮⣫⢩⢎⢻⡿⠇⢿⣷⠀⢀⠀⣰⣿⣿⠤⠀⠀⠀⢻⣭⣄⢈⠻⣻⣟⠛⠁⠀⠀⢧⡤⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣏⡟⠀⠙⡓⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢿⠀⣴⣿⣿⣷⠄⠇⡆⣿⣽⠇⠀⠀⠀⠨⣪⣞⡷⡎⠻⡦⠉⠂⣸⣿⡇⣀⢰⣿⣿⣥⡆⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡀⠒⠒⠒⢊⠀⣠⡶⠆⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢜⣼⣧⡄⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡽⢿⡿⠻⣟⡯⡛⠉⣤⣶⠹⡟⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⣭⣷⣄⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣤⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠿⣁⠀⠀⠙⢷⣄⠠⠀⢀⡴⠝⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢧⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠩⣙⠧⣆⠀⠉⠊⠀⢹⣿⠀⢏⠈⢅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⢿⣿⣿⣯⠸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠙⠿⣿⡿⠂⠡⠁⠀⠀⠈⠻⣧⣞⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠸⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⠀⠀⠍⣁⡐⠳⠝⣧⠀⠈⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠶⢦⡅⠈⢠⣿⣯⠍⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠪⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣿⡷⣆⠀⡨⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡮⢫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠶⡾⣿⡄⠀⠀⢨⣗⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣽⣮⣖⠀⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠈⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 440 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-as-corporate-stooge/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-as-corporate-stooge/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_OSI_Has_Choked_Itself_to_Death_(by_Surrendering_to_Its_Worst_Enemy)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft, OSI at 9:49 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz A force of occupation against communities instead of their representative/ guardian 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇OSI meme: Ooooh! Microsoft money⦈ Summary: OSI has turned into a_corporate_stooge (helping proprietary software monopolists with their openwashing PR), just like the ‘Linux’_Foundation Context: * Social_Control_Media_is_Out_of_Control,_Now_It_Censors_Microsoft_Critics Using_Straw_Man_Arguments_and_False_Pretexts * Criticising_Microsoft_and_the_OSI_is_“COVID-19_Misinformation” * OSI_Might_be_Using_COVID-19_to_Report_Their_Critics_to_Twitter_(for Suspension) * [Video]_Open_Source_Initiative_(OSI)_Board_of_Directors_Chair_and_Former Treasurer:_Half_of_Our_Money_Goes_to_Microsoft_Stuff ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡞⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡂⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣽⣷⣼⣿⣷⢦⣦⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣁⣀⣐⣒⣂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠻⠿⣿⣿⣮⣽⣟⣿⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⡟⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠁⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣶⢰⡖⣆⣴⢲⣤⡖⣦⢰⣶⡆⣶⠀⣶⣆⣶⢰⡆⣶⣶⢰⡶⡆⣴⢲⣤⣖⠦⣴⢲⡔⡶⠒⣶⠂⢰⣶⣰⡆⣴⢲⡴⣦⣶⢰⡖⢲⣰⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡏⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣷⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠃⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡞⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⢉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣽⣷⣼⣿⣷⢦⣦⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠻⠿⣿⣿⣮⣽⣟⣿⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⡟⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣶⢰⡖⣆⣴⢲⣤⡖⣦⢰⣶⡆⣶⠀⣶⣆⣶⢰⡆⣶⣶⢰⡶⡆⣴⢲⣤⣖⠦⣴⢲⡔⡶⠒⣶⠂⢰⣶⣰⡆⣴⢲⡴⣦⣶⢰⡖⢲⣰⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡟⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣿⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣍⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣞⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡇⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⢉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣯⣻⣟⣏⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣴⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⡞⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡂⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⡽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣹⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⡽⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣽⣷⣼⣿⣷⢦⣦⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣁⣀⣐⣂⣀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣮⣽⣟⣿⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠉⠹⣿⡟⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣶⣶⢰⡖⣆⣴⢲⣤⡖⣦⢰⣶⡆⣶⠀⣶⣆⣶⢰⡆⣶⣶⢰⡶⡆⣴⢲⣤⣖⠦⣴⢲⡔⡶⠒⣶⠂⢰⣶⣰⡆⣴⢲⡴⣦⣶⢰⡖⢲⣰⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡟⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣧⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣯⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠃⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠨⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡞⣾⣿⢾⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠃⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⡞⣾⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡅⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⡽⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡏⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣿⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣟⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡎⣾⣿⢾⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣽⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣯⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣞⣾⣿⢾⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡇⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⡽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣴⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡏⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣧⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣞⣾⣿⢾⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣟⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⡶⠿⠇⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠨⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣞⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀⣌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣞⣾⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⣉⢉⡽⣻⣭⣯⣭⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⢻⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣸⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⢏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣴⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⢸⣇⡿⣿⣸⡿⣇⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⣴⢸⡏⡇⣿⣸⠧⣝⣷⣿⣸⣇⡟⠁⣿⠀⢸⡿⡿⡇⢿⣸⣇⡟⣿⢸⣏⢸⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡌⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⠶⠿⠃⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠠⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣼⣯⣽⣦⣶⣶⣶⣤⣂⣈⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡇⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣭⣿⣿⣭⣛⢿⣿⣿⣼⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢑⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠒⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠠⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡧⠈⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⡶⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣼⣇⣲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡇⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⡿⣻⣭⣿⣯⣭⣛⢿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢑⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣴⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠒⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡧⠈⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⡶⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣼⣇⣲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣏⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠒⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠬⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡧⠈⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⡶⣷⣝⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣼⣇⣲⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣴⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣍⠉⣿⣯⣻⣟⣟⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠤⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡆⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⢉⣉⣙⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣍⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣫⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣯⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠠⣿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣾⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⣄⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⡇⠀⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⢉⣉⣙⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠿⣦⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⣦⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣑⣀⣐⣀⣒⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠯⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠻⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣍⠉⣿⣏⣻⣟⣟⣫⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1361 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-budget-for-proprietary-software-monopoly/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-budget-for-proprietary-software-monopoly/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ In_the_Latest_OSI_Tax_Filing_(From_the_IRS),_Filed_13_Months_Ago,_Only_4%_of the_Revenue_Comes_From_Members_(People,_Not_Corporations)_and_$252,702_Goes_to Microsoft_Projects_(Propping_Up_Proprietary_Software_Monopoly)⠀✐ Posted in Finance, Microsoft, OSI at 4:40 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz It has been getting lower each year (down from 5% to just 4%) and Microsoft uses OSI as a ‘money-laundering’ box 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇OSI_money⦈_ Summary: Stefano Maffulli told me (hours ago), citing Josh (who had prepared the above filing), that “clearlydefined has a budget of roughly $250k.” (See page 10 of this latest_IRS_filing [PDF] near the bottom) Earlier today (about OSI): * Social_Control_Media_is_Out_of_Control,_Now_It_Censors_Microsoft_Critics Using_Straw_Man_Arguments_and_False_Pretexts * Criticising_Microsoft_and_the_OSI_is_“COVID-19_Misinformation” * OSI_Might_be_Using_COVID-19_to_Report_Their_Critics_to_Twitter_(for Suspension) * [Video]_Open_Source_Initiative_(OSI)_Board_of_Directors_Chair_and_Former Treasurer:_Half_of_Our_Money_Goes_to_Microsoft_Stuff * [Meme]_OSI_Has_Choked_Itself_to_Death_(by_Surrendering_to_Its_Worst Enemy) * “It_is_Difficult_to_Get_a_Man_to_Understand_Something,_When_His_Salary Depends_on_His_Not_Understanding_It”_(Upton_Sinclair) ⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1455 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-salary/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/osi-salary/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ “It_is_Difficult_to_Get_a_Man_to_Understand_Something,_When_His_Salary Depends_on_His_Not_Understanding_It”_(Upton_Sinclair)⠀✐ Posted in OSI at 10:10 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇OSI_salary⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇OSI_Executive_Director:_A_millionaire_in_half_a_decade!⦈_ Summary: Good luck explaining to the OSI’s Executive Director that Microsoft_is a_liability, not an ally Earlier today (about OSI): * Social_Control_Media_is_Out_of_Control,_Now_It_Censors_Microsoft_Critics Using_Straw_Man_Arguments_and_False_Pretexts * Criticising_Microsoft_and_the_OSI_is_“COVID-19_Misinformation” * OSI_Might_be_Using_COVID-19_to_Report_Their_Critics_to_Twitter_(for Suspension) * [Video]_Open_Source_Initiative_(OSI)_Board_of_Directors_Chair_and_Former Treasurer:_Half_of_Our_Money_Goes_to_Microsoft_Stuff * [Meme]_OSI_Has_Choked_Itself_to_Death_(by_Surrendering_to_Its_Worst Enemy) ⡄⢀⣤⠤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⢤⣤⡄⠀⡠⢤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠥⠶⠶⠧⠵⠾⠼⠴⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠽⠷⠆⠀⠑⠒⠁⠙⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣧⣿⣽⣭⣙⣧⣭⣧⣯⣽⣯⣧⣭⣷⣧⣮⣭⣭⣿⣮⣿⣭⣿⣷⣽⣽⣽⣿⣭⣿⣾⣽⣯⣯⣭⣯⣾⣭⣽⣯⣷⣧⣭⣿⣮⣭⣼⣿⣽⣭⣽⣽⣽⣽⣭⣬⣽⣯⣭⣯⣼⣿⣷⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⠉⠉⡉⢉⡉⠉⠉⠉⣉⢉⡉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⢉⢉⡉⠉⠉⠉⡉⠉⢉⠉⢉⠉⡉⢉⠉⠉⠉⡉⣉⡉⠉⣉⡉⢉⡉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠉⠉⣉⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⣉⡉⠉⠉⢉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿ ⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠁⠈⠈⠁⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣼⣿ ⡟⠀⠘⠙⠃⠈⠀⠚⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣒⣀⣓⣀⣘⣀⣀⣈⣁⣀⣀⣁⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣋⣛⣂⣁⣀⣃⣀⣐⣀⣃⣁⣒⣈⣀⣀⣈⣀⣚⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣋⣙⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣂⣈⣁⣸⣿⣿ ⡷⠒⠀⠐⠂⠖⠀⠐⠂⠰⠒⠔⠀⠐⠖⠆⠀⠠⣻⣀⣍⣉⣙⣿⣏⣽⣹⣸⣿⣫⣭⣿⣿⣩⣟⣏⣩⣉⣹⣩⣟⣩⣻⣹⣉⣹⣛⣯⣩⣟⣇⣩⣿⣻⣉⣭⣙⣿⣉⣍⣟⣿⣹⣋⣹⣋⣝⣿⣽⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠛⡻⣿⢻⢟⡟⠛⠛⡟⣿⢟⣿⣿⠛⡿⢿⢿⢛⣻⢙⡛⠛⢻⣻⢿⠙⢛⠟⠛⣿⣟⡛⢛⣻⢟⣛⣿⠛⡿⠟⡛⢿⡿⠟⠛⡻⡟⣿⡿⠛⢛⡿⠛⠻⠻⣿⠿⡿⣿⡛⡿⣿⣿⡟⠛⡿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣻⣟⣿⡛⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⢿⣿⢻⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢛⠿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠋⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠾⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣏⢿⠹⣉⢯⣩⢹⡿⣟⢟⡹⣹⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⠸⢿⣿⣿⢿⡹⣿⢏⡿⣿⣻⡿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⠗⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠰⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿ ⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢛⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣁⢤⠠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢑⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡏⡀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⣫⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⢃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡧⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠻⠟⠻⠿⠻⠋⠀⠡⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠲⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣎⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⣉⢠⠠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢑⠀⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡨⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠵⢎⣶⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠋⠅⠀⠀⢂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⣉⣁⣨⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⠀⣽⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣴⣶⡀⣶⣧⢹⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣦⡭⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⣆⠀⣿⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠸⣿⡟⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣯⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢻⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⣼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⡿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠃⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣈⢡⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣇⢿⠿⠿⠘⠟⠃⠛⠛⠉⣉⣉⠉⠁⠠⢤⡄⢀⣀⣀⡉⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⠀ ⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡍⢡⣤⣴⡆⠁⢰⣾⣿⠈⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⡸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢹⣃⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⠉⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠄⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠤⣴⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡛⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠾⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⣁⣀⣠⠸⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠾⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⡀⣶⣧⢹⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁ ⠀⣸⣿⣙⠛⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⣆⠀⣿⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠸⣿⡟⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣏⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢻⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⣼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⡿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣈⢡⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣇⢿⠿⠿⠘⠟⠃⠛⠛⠉⣉⣉⠉⠁⠠⢦⡄⢀⣀⣀⡈⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡌⢡⣤⣴⡆⠁⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⡸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢹⣃⠀ ⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⢘⣉⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠄⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠤⢴⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⠷⠀⠀⠐⠶⠒⠒⠒⠒⣀⣀⣠⠰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠹⠿⠛⠛⠛⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣴⣶⡀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢠⣿⡻⠏⠠⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⣆⠀⣿⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠸⣿⡟⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡆⠀⢸⡟⠉⠑⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢻⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⣼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⢼⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⡿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠃⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢡⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣇⢿⠿⠿⠘⠟⠃⠛⠛⠉⣉⣉⠉⠁⠠⢦⡄⢀⣀⣀⡈⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⡇⠀⢸⣿⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣴⡆⠁⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⡸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢹⣃⠘ ⡀⠀⠸⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⢘⣉⣰ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⡄⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠠⢴⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⢸⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⠰⢉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⡿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠃⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠿⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠉⠁⠠⢦⡄⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⡸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠘ ⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡀⠐⠀⠀⠂⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⢀⣿⣿⣦⣄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠟⠻⠛⠻ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢘⡿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⢤⣌⣉⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠘⢻⠛⠛⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⠮⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀⢀⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠘⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠃⣀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⡀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣆⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⢤⣆⠏⠘⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣶⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⣏⠡⠀⠀⠀⢨⠧⠑⢊⠉⢧⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⢉⣉⠉⣉⡁⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⢃⠀⠀⠙⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣧⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢠⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡟⣱⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠀⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⣿⣧⠑⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠁⠀⢤⡄⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢘⣿⣯⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣷⣄⡈⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠤⠤⠴⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⣈⣉⣠⣤⣤⣶⣦⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠀⡸⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠾⢿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠛⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⢀⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣏⣴⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢡⣬⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠴⠋⢹⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠠⣤⣄⡇⡿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⣟⠋⠀⠀⠀⢠⡆⠫⣱⢛⢱⡇⠹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⢉⣉⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢰⣾⣶⣵⣆⡀⣷⣖⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠘⠿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣧⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢠⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠟⣱⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠀⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡙⠬⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⢤⡄⢀⣀⣀⡈⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡄⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⣉⣠ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠤⠴⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣯⣉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⢉⣠⣤⣤⣶⣤⣴⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠿⣤⠴⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠛⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⠀⠀⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⣾⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣄⢸⢠⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢃⠇⠀⠀⠀⢐⢐⠑⠸⢸⣸⠹⣿⣦⡆⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⣦⣴⣧⣭⣤⣽⣀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣧⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢀⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⢋⠁⠀⠈⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠀⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡯⣒⠇⠒⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡧⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣇⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡄⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣴⣿⠀⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠙⠛⠛⠘⣉⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⢉⣀⡉⣠⡤⠀⠀⠠⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⣠⣤⣶⣤⣴⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢢⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢱⣾⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡟⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠙⠙⠛⠛⠛⠂⠀⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⢤⣄⡐⡋⣿⣿⡇⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠖⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠊⠃⣇⡽⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠉⣉⡉⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣾⡂⠀⠀⢰⣶⣾⣯⣶⣿⡇⢿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣧⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢀⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠙⠋⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠀⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠋⣴⠢⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣧⠐⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣇⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡄⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⢸⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣾⡟⢀⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠙⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢺⠃⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⢉⣀⣉⡠⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣧⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⢠⣶⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠃⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠋⠀⢀⣿⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⡆⠀⠀⠠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣥⣤⠀⠀⠀⣼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠗⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣯⠃⠀⠀⠀⡏⣳⢿⡛⣧⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⡀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⠀⠀⢸⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠟⡁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡟⢡⡉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣦⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡄⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡋⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⢉⣁⢠⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⢉⣀⣉⣠⣤⡤⠤⠶⠶⠀⠀⠰⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⡄⠘⠃⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠁⠉⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢃⣴⣶⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⣹⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⢸⣿⣇⣤⠄⠀⢀⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠒⠂⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣴⣦⡦⠀⠀⣴⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣾⠀⠀⠀⢸⣫⣿⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⡀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⣆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠃⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⢿⣿⠀⢠⡀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠿⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡿⠛⠱⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⣿⡧⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠘ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡀⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⢩⣤⢠⣤⠀⠀⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⣈⠙⣉⣀⣉⣠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⡷⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⡗⠠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⣠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣶⣿⣿⣯⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢋⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⣤⡶⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⢹⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⠀⠀⠀⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⠏⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣾⣿⡟⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢀⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣄⠉⣁⣍⠡⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣉⢡⣤⢠⣤⠉⠁⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⣉⣠ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⠄⠀⠀⣠⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⢶⣶⢶⢸⣿⣶⡶⠒⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⠇⢿⢿⠟⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⡆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣿⡟⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣧⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢠⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣿⣿⣄⠉⣁⣉⠡⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠘ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢀⣀⢡⣤⢠⣤⠘⠁⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⢉⣠ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣇⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣿⣿⡇⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⠀⠿⠇⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢀⣀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣠⣾⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣟⡄⠀⠀⣠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⢧⣿⣷⣶⠶⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢠⡄⢠⣤⣶⠀⣶⣦⢹⣿⢻⣧⢸⣿⣉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⠟⢾⢿⠿⠁⠀⠁⠀⢀⣀⡀⣠⡄⣤⣤⠀⣶⣆⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⢿⣧⢹⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢻⣇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣯⠘⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣏⠀⣶⣶⡆⠀⠘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⢿⣷⢸⣿⠀⢹⣿⠀⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⡾⣿⡼⣿⡌⣿⡇⣿⠇⠿⠿⠗⢠⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣆⣸⣿⣤⢸⣿⠘⢿⣾⠿⠈⠿⠈⠛⠛⠛⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢠⣤⣤⡠⣶⡆⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢻⡇⢿⠟⠿⠘⠟⠂⠛⠛⠁⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣴⢶⣦⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⡹⣿⡜⣿⣇⡄⣿⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣄⠉⣁⣉⠡⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡄⢠⣤⣤⡆⠀⢰⣾⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⣁⠸⣿⡌⠛⠃⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣁⢸⣃⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⢁⣀⢠⣤⢠⣤⠘⠁⣶⡆⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡀⣿⣇⠀⣿⣧⡄⠀⢸⣿⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⡸⣿⡌⣿⡏⡁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢿⣧⠿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠘⣉⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⡄⠀⢿⣷⣿⣷⢸⣿⣻⣧⢹⣿⠀⢿⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⡀⠈⡿⠷⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⠈⠙⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠸⣿⡆⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠹⠿⠼⠿⠛⠘⠛⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠿⠇⠛⢃⠛⠃⠀⠈⠉⡀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2338 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/outreachy-funding/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/outreachy-funding/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ ‘Diversity’_Funding_From_Enablers_of_Adolf_Hitler_(Not_a_Joke,_Not_Even Funny)⠀✐ Posted in Finance at 5:10 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Published half an hour ago by Karen Sandler: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Outreachy_funding⦈_ Many years ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ford_and_Nazism⦈_ 22 years ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ford_and_death_camps⦈_ Summary: The sad irony is too_difficult_to_overlook ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣠⣈⣠⣀⣇⣌⣈⣻⣌⣁⣁⣁⣈⣈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢩⡛⢻⠉⠛⠋⡟⠻⠙⠛⠙⠛⠋⠙⢻⡟⢛⠛⡛⢹⠉⠛⡋⡯⠙⢏⢻⠛⠛⠏⠛⣻⡛⠛⠛⠙⡛⠋⡟⡛⠛⢻⠙⠛⢛⣻⡉⣛⢻⢉⠛⡛⢹⢉⢿⢿⡛⠿⠋⠛⢛⣻⠙⢻⠹⢝⠉⠹⡏⢻⢟⠟⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣛⠟⢟⡿⠟⢻⠿⠛⢛⢻⣛⡻⣿⡻⡛⠓⠛⠛⡟⣟⢟⠻⠟⡟⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⠻⢗⢛⣛⠟⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⢛⡛⢛⠻⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⢿⣛⢿⡻⡿⣻⢟⢟⢟⡟⡻⡻⣿⡛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠻⣛⠟⡛⢛⢟⢺⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡾⠖⠷⠷⠶⠾⠶⠷⣾⡺⠿⠾⡾⠿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠗⣷⠷⡷⠷⡗⢶⠖⠶⣷⠿⡾⠷⠾⠷⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⢶⡷⡷⢶⢶⠷⠶⠿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣴⣶⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣶⣴⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣽⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡻⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⠿⢻⠿⡟⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢿⢿⡿⠿⠻⠻⠿⡿⠟⡿⠿⡿⠿⢻⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⢸⠷⣶⢿⢿⣷⣷⣶⣷⡶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⢿⣵⡷⢾⡶⡷⣶⡷⠿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⡶⡶⣾⣶⣶⣾⢶⣷⢶⣾⠶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⢶⣶⢿⡷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⢦⣦⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿ ⢸⣥⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣦⣼⣬⣤⣴⣦⣴⣬⣴⣤⣢⣯⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣦⣤⣤⣧⣠⣥⣤⣤⣬⣷⣦⣄⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣬⣧⣷⣤⣿⣦⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣶⣤⣴⣬⣯⣾⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣊⣉⣁⣡⣌⣋⣄⡨⣽⣀⣉⣇⣀⣉⣗⣈⣉⣁⣱⣾⣪⣈⣗⣀⣐⣰⣿⣱⣗⣈⣎⣁⣰⡏⣸⣙⣺⣌⣪⣆⣇⣃⣈⣸⣀⣈⣹⣉⣉⣁⣁⣡⣇⣰⣅⢭⣗⣅⣕⣀⣈⣁⣸⣒⣽⣦⣁⣱⣜⣪⣾⣉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢝⢙⠍⠙⠉⡋⡏⠉⠉⣏⢉⢉⠽⣩⡝⢙⣍⠍⡩⡫⣫⣏⣉⠉⢹⢉⢝⡭⣝⢽⡍⡉⠉⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣙⠍⡭⡍⢹⢉⠏⠍⠉⡫⠹⡉⣫⡩⡯⣩⢙⣝⠍⡏⡍⢉⡉⣋⣝⠉⠉⠉⠍⡿⡉⡏⣩⡫⣫⠉⡿⡩⣛⢝⢿⣽⢽⡍⡉⡋⠉⢙⠉⣹⢉⣝⢽⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⢿⢭⢻⡍⠉⢋⢉⣭⡩⡋⢩⡏⡩⠉⢉⢿⣿⣿ ⢸⠍⠛⠛⡛⠟⠛⠙⢟⢙⠙⡛⠛⡏⠛⢻⡙⡛⢛⣋⢿⡿⠛⢛⡛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠟⠛⠻⡏⠟⠛⠛⡏⢝⠛⢛⠛⡟⢟⠛⣟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠙⠙⢛⡛⢻⢛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⡟⢙⠛⡏⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⣋⡟⠻⢛⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠟⠿⢾⡿⠻⢿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠟⣿⠻⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢿⠷⠿⠿⡾⠟⠷⠛⡟⢶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠺⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡟⠟⠻⠿⢿⠿⢿⠻⢻⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣟⠻⡟⠿⢿⠿⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡶⠶⢶⠾⡶⣶⠶⠾⢷⠷⡿⣷⠾⠶⣷⡶⠾⡾⣶⠾⡿⣦⢷⠶⡶⡶⢶⠾⣶⠶⠷⠶⣶⠶⠷⢾⢶⠶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣴⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣼⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣦⣦⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣼⣮⣴⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣮⣼⣼⣌⣼⣽⣤⣧⣥⣯⣎⣴⣤⣦⣼⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢿⠿⠿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣶⣥⣯⣿⡧⣤⣼⣥⣤⣤⣤⣧⢥⣤⣼⣥⣼⣴⣽⣽⣵⣥⢯⣯⣤⣥⣽⣤⣴⣥⣄⣾⣼⣧⣼⣤⣇⣦⣤⣼⣼⣼⣿⣮⣤⣭⣽⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣼⣤⣾⣮⣤⣿⣤⣤⣠⣠⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣥⣠⣖⣿⣠⣠⣪⣧⣦⣤⣠⣄⣼⣣⣸⣠⣸⣨⣠⣤⣴⣤⣼⣠⣤⣤⣤⣮⣺⣇⣄⣠⣠⣠⣦⣸⣤⣤⣢⣼⣢⣲⣄⣵⣇⣠⣠⣤⣠⣀⣄⣿⣠⣾⣠⣠⣦⣤⣞⣤⣸⣾⣶⣮⣠⣤⣴⣲⣠⣴⣼⣮⣂⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣍⣉⢉⣉⣁⣏⣉⣯⣉⣏⣩⣋⣯⣹⣉⣀⣈⣉⣁⣋⣁⢩⣥⣋⣍⣁⣍⣁⣉⣹⣈⣉⣯⣽⣉⣁⣍⣉⣍⢻⣹⣍⣹⣋⣈⣉⣹⣉⣍⣙⣍⣈⣉⣸⣉⣹⣉⣩⣁⣹⣭⣉⣉⣙⣹⣉⣍⣏⣅⣉⠉⣏⣈⣉⣹⣿⣿ ⢸⡛⠛⢻⠙⠛⠛⣿⡛⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠋⠛⢹⠛⢛⠛⣟⢟⡛⣟⠛⠛⢛⢻⢙⠍⠟⠙⠛⠛⠻⣛⢻⠙⠛⠛⠙⢟⠟⡟⠛⠛⠛⠙⡟⠙⡟⢛⡟⢻⡛⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠻⣿⣻⠙⠛⠛⣻⢛⢛⠛⠋⠛⡏⠛⠙⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠛⡻⡛⣟⣛⣛⠟⡟⡛⣓⢟⢟⠻⡛⢿⠛⡻⣻⠟⠛⠛⠛⡓⠻⡻⠟⠛⢻⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣧⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠟⠛⡛⡛⡟⢛⢿⣻⡛⢟⠻⣻⠛⣛⡻⡟⠛⢟⠛⢻⠻⡟⠛⡛⢟⢟⡟⢛⡟⠛⡟⢛⢟⠛⢻⠛⡿⡛⠛⠛⢿⢛⠟⠻⣟⠟⠟⠻⠛⢻⡟⢻⢟⡻⡻⡛⠛⠛⠻⡛⢿⠿⠛⠛⡟⢛⢟⠛⡟⣟⢟⣿⡻⠛⢻⣿⣿ ⢸⢶⠷⠷⢷⢷⠶⢿⠸⠷⠶⢶⠷⠖⣷⡾⠿⠻⠷⠶⢾⠞⠷⠶⠷⠿⠺⠷⢾⢷⠖⢷⢷⠿⢶⢾⠿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿ ⢸⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣦⣼⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣴⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡻⠿⠿⠿⢿⢻⠿⠿⢻⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠟⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢻⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠻⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣤⣿⣶⣷⣷⠶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⡾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⡷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣦⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⡾⢶⣾⡾⢷⡦⢼⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣧⣾⣶⢤⣶⣶⣶⡷⢶⣶⣷⣽⣷⢷⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣤⣴⣤⣦⣸⣧⣼⣦⣧⣼⣤⣦⣼⣧⣾⣤⣦⣼⣠⣤⣤⣦⣤⣴⣧⣤⣇⣠⣦⣦⣼⣤⣦⣴⣤⣬⣼⣤⣦⣤⣤⣼⣠⣦⣷⣤⣬⣧⣦⣴⣤⣦⣧⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣣⣥⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⢸⢊⣪⣀⣉⣗⣥⣇⣁⣁⣹⣈⣈⣋⣾⢺⣈⣉⣉⢉⣉⣹⣝⣹⣉⣈⣁⣙⣌⣈⣸⣐⣝⣝⣈⣈⣣⡉⣌⣹⢊⣪⣸⣉⣏⣉⣁⣸⣸⣎⣸⣈⣉⣙⣷⣇⡈⣉⣉⣸⣋⣸⣈⣹⠉⣩⣪⣉⣏⣡⣀⣎⣈⣃⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢍⠉⢉⠩⢩⢝⣭⡋⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⣿⢹⢺⢹⣾⢻⣻⢻⣿⡿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣻⢻⢻⣿⡟⣟⣿⢿⣻⡟⡟⡟⣿⡏⣿⡟⣻⢺⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣟⢿⣿⣿⢹⡏⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣟⣇⣟⣾⣸⣮⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⣿⢉⣿⣻⢏⣙⣛⣻⣉⢻⣿⣏⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠘⢸⣿⡟⠃⣾⣤⠄⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⡃⢹⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠘⠿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠱⠿⠀⢸⠁⠂⠐⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠉⠛⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⡀⠀⢀⠀⠰⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⡆⢐⣶⣦⣤⣄⡀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣬⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢈⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⠀⣀⣤⡀⢀⠀⣀⣹⣽⢍⣉⡁⢀⡋⡛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢲⣦⠘⠟⣶⣾⡇⠈⠉⠀⠰⠟⠀⠼⠿⠟⠛⠿⠄⠘⢘⡂⠀⠀⣒⣿⣻⣛⡻⡻⠟⠀⠾⢹⣆⣅⣤⣥⣌⠉⣁⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠙⠻⠟⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠈⢿⣷⣄⣙⡛⠀⣠⣴⣾⡿⠁⣰⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣄⠈⢍⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠖⠀⣼⣾⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣁⣒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣭⣉⣉⣁⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⠉⢯⠹⠿⢿⠿⠿⠉⣿⠿⠉⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡏⢹⠟⠻⠉⠿⡿⠿⠿⠻⣿⠉⡭⡹⠿⠿⠿⡿⠍⢹⡍⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠸⡄⠈⠩⠸⠂⠞⠀⣯⠸⠀⠄⠟⣀⠸⢾⠸⠀⠇⠇⢸⠀⡀⠥⠇⠇⠸⠸⠇⠄⣿⠀⢇⠨⢼⡄⣸⡀⠥⡁⠅⠇⢸⡇⠸⠀⠇⠀⠁⢸⠸⣿⠀⢦⡀⠇⡀⠸⡀⠇⢸⠇⠇⠘⠨⠀⡀⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⢻⠿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⠀⡆⡤⢸⠘⢰⣁⠂⣷⠀⡎⣤⢹⡿⠀⠘⡆⡇⢈⡐⠈⢰⣼⢠⠀⡆⢂⠁⡄⢰⢰⡧⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⡀⡈⡉⢉⢨⢩⠍⡉⠁⠉⠉⠉⡉⡉⢸⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⢹⠉⠉⠉⢉⡇⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡇⢆⠀⡇⠈⢩⠉⠡⠈⡃⠈⠉⠉⠁⢀⠉⠉⠈⠀⠈⢙⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠋⠙⠛⠛⢳⠙⠋⠙⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠉⠛⠘⠛⠒⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠄⡋⠉⡉⠸⢉⡏⠍⠁⠋⠉⠋⠉⠉⢸⡇⡁⠉⠉⠸⡏⢘⠍⠩⠩⠋⠩⠉⠉⠩⠉⢹⠉⠈⠏⢉⠙⣽⠱⠈⠉⡷⢀⠉⠩⠁⢿⠘⠐⠍⠉⠍⢩⡇⠞⠍⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⢉⢩⡍⢉⠉⠉⡏⠍⠉⠋⢙⠉⠠⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠟⡾⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠟⠿⡿⠟⢿⡟⢿⢿⠟⣟⠛⠿⡟⢿⢿⢿⠿⠻⠟⢿⣿⢿⠿⡿⡿⡛⠿⣿⠟⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠻⣿⠿⠟⠛⡿⢿⠿⢻⢿⡾⠿⢿⠗⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣠⣥⣬⣼⣤⣥⣬⣤⣤⣷⣤⣧⣬⣤⣤⣬⣧⣬⣤⣤⣯⣤⣬⣤⣤⣼⣧⣴⣤⣥⣬⣧⣬⣤⣦⣬⣥⣴⣤⣦⣬⣤⣹⣥⣦⣤⣥⣤⣤⣿⣤⣬⣤⣬⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣥⣤⣿⣰⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣥⣤⣂⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠍⠛⢹⠛⠛⢙⠋⡟⠛⢻⠛⣿⠻⠛⠉⠟⠛⠋⠙⣿⠙⠟⡏⡉⠟⠛⠏⡝⢻⠛⠹⠙⠛⠛⡟⠛⠙⠻⡏⠻⢻⠛⠛⡏⢻⠙⠙⢻⠙⢻⢹⠙⠛⠋⠏⣽⠉⡟⠛⡟⢻⠛⢹⠙⠛⠛⠹⠉⠻⠛⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣷⡶⢿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣂⣘⣀⣸⣆⣸⡇⣀⣆⣀⣆⣠⣰⣀⣗⣀⣆⣀⣒⣸⣤⣠⣀⣠⣀⣂⣀⣔⣧⣀⣀⣠⣤⣸⣇⣀⣀⣔⣄⣸⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠙⣹⠉⡛⠛⠛⠛⠋⡛⡏⡋⣟⠛⡛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⣛⠙⠛⠛⣻⢙⠛⠛⠛⣻⠋⠛⠛⠛⢻⢛⠛⡻⠛⠛⢛⠛⢛⠟⠋⠛⠛⣫⠉⠛⠛⢋⢉⠛⡟⡛⡛⠛⢙⠛⢛⢙⠛⡟⠛⢻⠉⡛⡏⡋⠻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⠴⣶⣷⢷⣿⢶⣷⣶⣾⣶⢶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⠶⣿⣶⣷⡷⣦⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣷⠿⠾⣶⡷⣷⣾⢶⣷⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⢶⡷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⡶⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣺⣀⣀⣂⢀⣇⣨⣂⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣹⣠⣠⣀⣀⣘⣻⣀⣂⣀⣯⣂⣐⣕⣂⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣇⣀⣄⣸⣀⣃⣂⣀⡂⣼⣐⣀⡇⢢⣀⣢⣠⣈⣂⣀⣅⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣂⣐⣀⣐⣀⣂⣀⣿⣿ ⡟⡙⠛⣻⢉⠛⢛⠛⡻⠛⢛⠟⡝⠛⠛⠟⢯⠙⠋⡻⡛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⡟⠿⡋⠻⡻⡟⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⡋⠛⠟⢻⢋⠙⠟⠿⣛⠛⢛⠛⢛⠟⠛⠛⢟⡏⢛⣿⠛⡏⡏⡫⡿⣛⠛⠛⠟⠛⡟⡛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⡶⣶⡾⣾⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⣾⣶⣶⢶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣿⣶⢷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⢶⣶⣶⣦⣼⢶⣶⣶⣿⣶⡶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣮⣼⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⢾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣏⣚⣀⣁⣑⣁⣁⣗⣂⣘⣈⣸⣇⣐⣁⡠⣹⣏⣀⣁⣰⣈⣇⣆⣁⣆⣈⣈⣘⣇⣑⣹⣈⣩⣈⣰⣀⣇⣃⣸⣐⣀⣁⣹⣐⣂⣁⣑⡁⢀⣊⣀⡇⣊⣀⣁⣊⣸⣇⣘⣁⣺⣇⡠⣹⣇⣌⣊⣈⣂⣆⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⣛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠟⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣥⣮⣷⣾⣦⣤⣾⣾⣴⣦⣧⣦⣶⣮⣴⣦⣶⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⢰⢨⡏⣽⢈⡏⡁⣏⢍⢰⣇⢉⡋⢈⠏⢉⣨⢅⡏⡍⣹⢀⣏⢁⣩⢩⠁⣿⢈⢍⡏⣘⠉⡉⡩⣅⢉⣉⡅⣨⢉⣏⣉⡋⠉⣙⠉⢉⣍⢉⣩⡉⢹⢠⣈⢩⢉⢨⡏⡍⡉⢽⠁⡋⣉⢍⠏⢉⣍⢩⢉⡅⡉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠛⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡛⠿⠿⡛⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠟⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣥⣤⣵⣤⣤⣬⣜⣼⣧⣤⣬⣤⣮⣤⣤⣥⣧⣵⣼⣤⣼⣧⣔⣼⣧⣤⣮⣦⣤⣥⣴⣤⣮⣷⣦⣥⣴⣤⣤⣼⣮⣬⣤⣼⣬⣤⣥⣤⣨⣾⣤⣴⣭⣤⣥⣴⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣧⣵⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣂⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡏⠁⠍⢉⢍⠉⡇⠨⠉⢹⡉⠉⢉⠄⡏⢍⢰⡨⠈⠋⢹⣉⢉⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2489 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/social-control-media-censors/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/social-control-media-censors/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Social_Control_Media_is_Out_of_Control,_Now_It_Censors_Microsoft_Critics Using_Straw_Man_Arguments_and_False_Pretexts⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft, OSI at 8:23 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum fcc05ea90e05571ab709cf70d60cf784 http://techrights.org/videos/osi-and-censorship.webm Summary: What would the world be like if companies that harbour criminals [1, 2] and commit_crimes got to censor those who point that out? Social control media sites, which include YouTube and GitHub [1], are censoring a lot these days. As we noted this morning [2], they even suspend Microsoft critics. My 7-day suspension, however, seems to have been initiated by the OSI. I wrote to the OSI’s chief: “Can you not see how your 6-figure salary from the OSI blinds you to real issue? Josh has already said openly that half or more of the OSI’s budget is devoted to ClearlyDefined. I have this on video. He said it himself, twice. And he should know as treasurers and head of the board.” “I made a copy of the_video,” I told him this morning. “That’s Josh Simmons, in his very own words. Unless he was lying, more than once, you have quite a problem in your hands and you need to choose between the community and the corporate patrons.” The video above discusses some of these issues, looking back at what I published immediately after the suspension [3,4], resembling past attempts by the OSI to censor its critics [5]. █ Posts mentioned in this video: 1. Microsoft_GitHub_and_Google_YouTube_Remove_Source_Code_and_Video_for_DOOM Running_on_IKEA_Smart_Lamp_Due_to_DMCA_Take_Down 2. Criticising_Microsoft_and_the_OSI_is_“COVID-19_Misinformation” 3. OSI_Might_be_Using_COVID-19_to_Report_Their_Critics_to_Twitter_(for Suspension) 4. [Video]_Open_Source_Initiative_(OSI)_Board_of_Directors_Chair_and_Former Treasurer:_Half_of_Our_Money_Goes_to_Microsoft_Stuff 5. The_Libel_Initiative:_OSI_President_Falsely_Insinuates_OSI_Critics_Are Homophobic_and_Requests_Censorship_of_Wikipedia_(for_OSI) ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2552 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/12/30/tech-language-and-linguistics/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/12/30/tech-language-and-linguistics/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_VI_—_The_Right_Words⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software at 9:15 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz By Dr. Andy Farnell Series parts: 1. My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_I_—_2021_in_Review 2. My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_II_—_Impact_of_a_‘COVID_Year’ 3. My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_III_—_Lost_and_Found;_Losing_the_Mobile Phone_(Cellphone) 4. My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_IV_—_Science_or_Scientism? 5. My_Year_as_a_Digital_Vegan_—_Part_V_—_Change_in_Societal_Norms_and Attitudes 6. YOU ARE HERE ☞ The Right Words 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇The language guidebooks⦈ Summary: Dr. Andy Farnell looks at the meaning and misuse of language; he suggests adapting to keep up with ubiquitous deception Writers love words and are constantly playing with them. Fighting for rights is sometimes a battle of words, finding new ones, taking the high ground of meaning, knowing their shapes and uses. Because “cyberspace” is infinitely malleable (See Barlow/Barlow96), a danger for those who bring new ideas to tech is they get stuck in a safe garden of their own personal vanities, terms, and philosophies. The trick is to keep moving, not build castles. “Stallman, and I think Snowden, are notable exceptions who consistently find clear imagery and direct language.”In 2021 I’ve made a big effort to explore a better vocabulary around tech-rights by reading more current ideas of others. Being sometimes reluctant to adopt perfectly good terms coined by other people is no good for plain talking 2, and no good for expanding ones mind. An “academic disease” technical people like myself suffer, prevents friendly rapport about software freedom and digital rights. We put people off because we don’t reach for the right tropes. Stallman, and I think Snowden, are notable exceptions who consistently find clear imagery and direct language. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Magnet letters on fridge⦈ As it goes, there is nothing new under the sun and contemporary issues are all timeless philosophical chestnuts visited over centuries in archaic language. But it’s rare to find listeners with ears tuned to Heraclitus, Nietzsche, Fromm, Freud, Heidegger, Deleuze, Mumford, Machiavelli, Ellul, Postman… Those old chaps explained in exquisite detail why BigTech is a mighty turd in our punch-bowl, but lacking the fresh words that new ears can hear. I mean, what exactly is atomisation, appropriation, alienation, anomie and acedia (just some of the stuff starting with ‘A’)? Part of my job is to be a translator. So I’ve opened up more to fresh, albeit imperfect, words with ‘currency’. They bring efficiency, but at the cost of missing some readers. Like, “unclouding”, “degoogling” and “peoplewaring” – sure, they can stand in for a whole diatribe on technology and rights – but only to the initiated. The aim must remain practical; to be a better communicator, which means being widely understood. Whatever works, works. So this year I politely passed over someone’s suggestion I avoid using the term “Big Tech” (because it’s a Microsoft “shill word”). It’s useful, so it stays. This year I have devoured, amongst others, Wendy Liu’s Abolish Silicon Valley Liu20, Sophie Brickman’s Baby Unplugged Brickman21, Cory Doctorow’s How to destroy surveillance capitalism Doctorow20, Thomas Kersting’s Disconnected: Protect Your Kids Against Device Dependency Kersting20, Nicholas Kardaras’s Glow Kids Kardaras16, Carissa Véliz’s Privacy is Power: Why You Should Take Back Control Veliz21, Jenny Oddell’s How to Do Nothing: Resisting the Attention Economy Odell20, and Gerry McGovern’s World Wide Waste McGovern20. Each offers another piece of the jigsaw of tech-rights. Reading more widely (within an apparently narrow genre) I see many threads to tech-rights. I want to experience a wide vista of diverse and even contradictory stances. Some people will be passionate about single issues like the plight of child workers in smartphone manufacture. Those same people may be indifferent or oblivious to neighbouring matters like the energy costs of “cloud” data-centres, and oppositional on some subjects – like perhaps they think that government backdoors really might stop terrorism and child sexual abuse, or that 5G masts are reading their thoughts. How tech-rights are “spun” in the literary genre and “demographic” is interesting. I wanted to figure out who Digital Vegans might be. There’s a dozen different bookstore buckets we can fall into. Self-help. Espionage, spies and intrigue. Management. Lifestyle. Cybersecurity. Conspiracy, leaks and exposes. Public affairs and politics. Pop psychology… Bargain (cheapskates)… “…the distinction of “Free as in Beer. Free as in Freedom” has done little to alleviate the American-English association to “gratis, worthless”.”Words are politics, and meanings can make or break a conversation. After forty years we still haven’t dissuaded mainstream journalists from abusing words like “piracy”, which I cringe at every time I read it. Today crypto is in danger of conflating secure communication with blockchains. I still need to be careful to whom I describe my work as “hacking”, or that I’ve worked on “algorithms”, or “influence”. I’ve lost my love for using “Free” software as a choice of word, in favour of “Libre”. Thirty years of GNU/FSF hammering the distinction of “Free as in Beer. Free as in Freedom” has done little to alleviate the American-English association to “gratis, worthless”. I was impressed by the wily troll who in comments_to_one_of_my_articles attacked “Free software” in a masterfully condescending fashion, implying that it is insecure, because everyone knows that “if the product is free, you are the product”. That’s beautifully disingenuous, wilfully misunderstanding at least three foundational infosec concepts in a single sentence – but hats-off, I honestly would have a hard time arguing that down for any “non-technical random normie”. “I’ve started putting more emphasis on the word “dignity” than “privacy”, and using the former, which has a stronger dictionary definition, where it adds clarity.”“Free” software sets itself up for failure because at this time many correct arguments are circulating that “Free is the problem” (in regard to monetary cost of BigTech services). I’d personally prefer the straightforward, bolder term “Non-Fascist Software”. An associate in America, a modern Waldo, wrote a poetic polemic titled “Technofascism“. I’m still enchanted by this word and spent a while deconstructing it in a two part series. It’s a shame the word is out of bounds (for good historical reasons of respectful political correctness), because when it comes to ticking-off the criteria_of_Fascism BigTech increasingly satisfies the whole list, bar the physical_violence? I’ve started putting more emphasis on the word “dignity” than “privacy”, and using the former, which has a stronger dictionary definition, where it adds clarity. Distinguishing confidentiality, sensitivity and privacy from secrecy has also been useful. Interoperability, versatility and resilience became more prominent terms in my thinking this year, and I was surprised to discover there is a whole emerging field of resilience-engineering. I also put more effort into my (and my students) clear language, to disambiguate and carefully define security, safety, quality, trustworthiness, resilience, robustness, longevity, adaptability, repirability, legibility and so on… Andersons_book remains the veritable bible of clear security engineering language. “What I noticed is the wealth of qualitative knowledge about software that seems diminished in modern discourse.”I had to stand in for a poorly-equipped colleague and take some of a “Software Engineering and Project Management” unit for half a semester. That was delightful because it meant revising Ian Sommerville sommerville88, Fred Brooks brooks75, John Gall Gall75, William Edwards Deming Deming93 and lots of other systems, quality and process ideas from my old notes. What I noticed is the wealth of qualitative knowledge about software that seems diminished in modern discourse. The finer points of entities, relationships, dataflow modelling, types and congruence, cohesion, and coupling seem to be fading from common currency. It’s hard to know where some of these words still fit. Are they being lost from Comp.Eng and Soft.Eng courses? As software gets more complex, and built with automated_tools with “object-like” assumptions wired in, I wonder, will they still matter? Is everything I learned about the philosophy of code now just a theoretical footnote in the history of computing? Is software quality and correctness even still a thing outside military avionics? It reminds me that words are vehicles for concepts but cannot live in the dead pages of textbooks, they must be kept alive by teachers who will reanimate them so they can pass to the next intake. Even when they live within the data sets of ML training, they are still “dead” because they cannot operate at the conceptual level. “This has helped me articulate why “biometrics for casual authorisation” is the dumbest idea in the world right now, because it threatens to invalidate actual legitimate uses of in-person identification such as border control.”In workshops and seminars we’ve looked closely at the meanings of identity, access, permission, capability, authorisation, authentication, verification, and built strong concept maps. This has helped me articulate why “biometrics for casual authorisation” is the dumbest idea in the world right now, because it threatens to invalidate actual legitimate uses of in-person identification such as border control. There is much to ponder. Is linguistic diversification making it harder to talk tech? Are we just discovering how complex this landscape is? Or are the same levels of word-churn, slang and ambiguity around as ever? Whatever, I’m seeing more nuance in tech rights, beyond Software Freedom and concerns that have preoccupied me for decades. Giant corporations are able to end-run around digital rights because they are often more culturally switched-on, cleverer with ‘common’ words. Although mimetic/rhizomic free communications can threaten multi-billion dollar advertising and PR budgets, money and the reach it buys still has the upper hand. “BigTech is trying to join the banks occupying the ground of “too big to fail”, and will soon declare itself as such.”For example, “The Cloud” is a magnificently vague, Utopian conceit, able to promise everything and nothing at the same time. It’s deliberate, almost natural mystification has thrown up dust and smoke around every aspect of digital technology, and provided a screen for untold shenanigans and devilry. Use of the word “infrastructure” to insinuate vertical superstructure in place of traditional horizontal service is something to watch out for. BigTech is trying to join the banks occupying the ground of “too big to fail”, and will soon declare itself as such. As a point of principle I’ve taken a strong stand against tech-fatalism, and other abrogation_of_human_will enshrined in mythologies of the “inevitable”, “ubiquitous”, “omnipresent”, “reality” of a digital world psychologically catastrophised and split into “hopelessly lost” Good and ascendant “necessary Evil“. Attacking this weak-spot exposes the broken logic of “tech as a morally indivisible package”, in which we must accept the inevitable badness to claim some benefits. An example of this in practice was challenging a group of Business Technology students. They had been taught in an earlier module that “lock-in”, “designed obsolescence” and “remote kill switches” were brilliant product strategies. They were quite genuinely resistant, shocked and upset when I claimed such ideas were in fact morally repugnant, but were common value errors of short term gain, paths of least resistance, races to the bottom. It took some work to separate ideas and moral reasoning from whether their previous professor (and by implication themselves for entertaining her ideas) were “Evil!” Such is the defensive, simplistic, fractious, and polar way of things today. “Specifically, I feel that tech diversity is a first class social issue, up there alongside race, gender and even religion.”Digging into words too deeply can unsettle foundations if you’re not careful. I started to question the centrality of “Software Freedom” as expressed through the mainly US-American GNU philosophy. In conversation with some FSF and EFF members, I’ve tried to advocate that notions of “Free” might need expanding in 2021. Specifically, I feel that tech diversity is a first class social issue, up there alongside race, gender and even religion. It’s connection to resilience is an existential issue, and I believe we need to completely re-imagine concepts of “national security” (civic security) and “digital literacy” far beyond the dust-covered ‘cold-war’ statues we keep in the corner. █ _______ ✐ Footnotes:⠀✐ 2 Suffering anti-mimetic ‘personality disorder’ means we sometimes delight in Missing Out Phillips13. ✐ Bibliography⠀✐ * [Barlow96] John Perry Barlow, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Electronic Frontier Foundation (1996). * [Liu20] Wendy Liu, Abolish Silicon Valley, Penguin Random House (2020). * [Brickman21] Sophie Brickman, Baby Unplugged, Harper Collins (2021). * [Doctorow20] Cory Doctorow, How to Destroy Surveillance Capitalism, OneZero (2020). * [Kersting20] Thomas Kersting, Disconnected, Baker (2020). * [Kardaras16] Nicholas Kardaras, Glow Kids, St. Martin’s Press (2016). * [Veliz21] Carissa Veliz, Privacy is Power, Penguin (2021). * [Odell20] Jenny Odell, How to do nothing: Resisting the Attention Economy, Melville House (2020). * [McGovern20] Gerry McGovern, World Wide Waste, Silver Beach (2020). * [sommerville88] Sommerville, Software engineering, Addison Wesley (1988). * [brooks75] Frederick Brooks, The Mythical Man-Month, Addison-Wesley (1975). * [Gall75] John Gall, General Systemantics, General Systemantics Press (1975). * [Deming93] Edwards Deming, The New Economics for Industry, Government, and Education, MIT Press (1993). * [Phillips13] “Phillips, Missing Out: In Praise of the Unlived Life, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2013). ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠳⠟⠨⠈⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢩⡝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠙⣿⣿⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠉⠈⠁⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⡋⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣷⡄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⡔⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠂⠀⠃⠃⢹⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠢⠤⠤⠤⠝⠛⢿⣦⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⠀⠑⠂⠒⠮⠁⠀⢠⠔⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣷⡀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⣠ ⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣴⣿⣏⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣷⡄⠀⠻⠋⠋⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡆⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣦⣠⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣦⢀⠀⠀⠴⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣀⣀⡀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣠⡜⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⡉⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⢀⣤⣤⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣈⡉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡻⢟⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠔⠒⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣿⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⣤⣾⢟⢿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣠⣤⣀⣉⡉⣁⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣠⣿⣿⣬⣶⣃⢈⡙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢀⣸⣿⠉⠁⠙⢳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣴⣧⠒⠀⢉⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣁⣤⣾⣿⡿⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣦⡀⠀⡀⣀⣠⣼⣯ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣄⠀⠀⠈⢙⣻⣵⣾⣿⣟⡯⣛⣏⡯⠉⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⡿⣟⣟⠍⠙⠏⠬⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⡒⢀⣻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⢀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⡩⣦⡻⠛⢲⣼⠠⠟⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡘⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⡇⠀⠀⣼⠿⡤⠀⠈⠛⣷⣤⣀⣠⡴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⢻⠻⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠉⠉⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⢿⡟⠛⠉⠁⠀⣼⠓⡁⠥⡀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣞⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡯⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠈⢿⣦⠀⠀⣰⡏⠀⠀⠀⢠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣤⡄⠀⠻⣷⡴⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧ ⠀⠀⣿⣳⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣄⢀⢠⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⢹⣷ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⠅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢨⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠘⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⡰⣸⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2902 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_30/12/2021:_GNOME_‘Quick_Settings’_and_Linux_BIOS_Updates_Without Reboot⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:14 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Lead_or_follow?_this_decade’s_dilemma_for_GNU/Linux_based_ICT industry⠀⇛ This event shall not go unobserved when debating about the future of GNU/Linux. It is plausible to think that the enterprise strategy of companies dealing with GNU/ Linux technologies will evolve well beyond the business on certifications, and make bold steps into more aggressive exploitation of their huge “market”, something once was a community and has lost that status. Even the temporal context has a major role in this equation as this is all happening during the troubled beginning of a decade marked by pandemic: we are witnessing a boost in usage of ICT infrastructure due to COVID with growing investments from both public and private sectors into this market. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ OBS_Embraces_Flatpak_As_The_Official_Package_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Until recently the only official way to use OBS on Linux was on Ubuntu but coming soon there will be another option and that option will be a flatpak which I’m very excited for o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ New_Linux_Update_to_Allow_BIOS_Updates_Without_a_Reboot_| Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛ PFRUT should work very similarly to how you’d normally update a BIOS through Windows or Linux, where the updating process is done through the operating system instead of doing it through the system BIOS directly. But with PFRUT, the operating system will be responsible for executing the entire update process. Whereas, with normal BIOS updates, Windows or Linux will only be responsible for uploading the BIOS and preparing it before restarting and handing off the new BIOS to the motherboard for updating. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Mesa_21.3.3_Released_With_Fixes_For_Old_ATI_R300~R500 GPUs,_RADV_Fixes_Too_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ For those sticking to stable Mesa point releases, Mesa 21.3.3 is out today to close out the year. Notable with Mesa 21.3.3 is the large number of fixes for older ATI Radeon R300 through R500 (X1000 series) GPU fixes with the R300 Gallium3D driver. Exciting vintage GPU enthusiasts earlier this month was word of a big performance optimization for R300 Gallium3D with that old open-source OpenGL driver for Radeon 9500 through X1000 series graphics cards. That work revolved around NIR-to-TGSI path for making use of the intermediate representation preferred by newer Mesa drivers. Those changes are in Mesa 22.0 for next quarter’s stable release and not the current 21.3 stable series. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Google_Chrome_on_Fedora_35_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Google Chrome on Fedora 35. For those of you who didn’t know, Google Chrome is the most popular open-source web browser developed by Google. It runs on Linux, Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android. It is a fast and solid browser with a good security record. It has some unique features and is generally pretty light on system resources. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Google Chrome web browser on a Fedora 35. # ⚓ How_To_Disable_HTTP_Methods_in_Apache_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ The HTTP methods are used to perform create, read, update, and delete (or CRUD) operations. The most common methods are POST, GET, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE. Its good practice to disable methods, which are unused and insecure like PUT, PATCH, and DELETE. This tutorial explains, how to disable HTTP methods for an apache web server. # ⚓ How_to_enable_the_REMI_repository_on_Rocky_Linux_8⠀⇛ Hello, friends. With the death of CentOS, many people feel they have to start over. So today, in this short and brief post, you will learn how to enable the REMI repository on Rocky Linux 8. # ⚓ How_to_Install_or_Upgrade_PHP_8.1_on_Debian_– Cloudbooklet⠀⇛ PHP 8.1 is the latest PHP version released on 2021. In this guide you are going to learn how to install the latest PHP version which is currently 8.1 on your Debian system or server and configure it with Apache and Nginx. You will also learn how to upgrade your PHP version to latest. This tutorial guides you to configure PHP INI settings, FPM settings, Pools, etc which is more useful for your application to run smooth. # ⚓ How_to_Create_Sudo_User_in_RHEL,_CentOS,_Rocky_& AlmaLinux⠀⇛ The Redhat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ecosystem hosts several interesting Linux-based OS distributions. The OS pair AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux are exciting replacements for the discontinued CentOS distribution. RHEL 8, AlmaLinux, and Rocky Linux systems are increasingly being sorted after by many Linux users due to the performance footprints they offer. # ⚓ How_to_Disable_or_Enable_SSH_Root_Login_and_Limit_SSH Access⠀⇛ Everyone knows that Linux systems come with root user access and by default, root access is enabled for the outside world. For security reasons, it’s not a good idea to have ssh root access enabled for unauthorized users. Because any hacker can try to brute force your password and gain access to your system. # ⚓ What_are_Set_UID,_Get_UID,_and_Sticky_Bits_in_Linux_File Permissions?⠀⇛ As a Linux novice user, you learn about the permissions and ownership associated with the file and directories. Linux/Unix-like operating systems allow you to set a combination of nine bits permissions to prevent other users from unnecessary files/directory access. Similar to these are special permissions for executable files known as set UID, set GID, and sticky bits. Understanding special permissions can be a bit overwhelming for aspiring Linux administrators. Here you’ll learn a little background on the regular file permissions and explains how they differ from special permissions. We also demonstrate SetID, GetID, and sticky bits functionality with examples for a comprehensive understanding. # ⚓ What_Is_Linux?⠀⇛ If you’re a netizen who likes to explore the depths of everything tech and non-tech, you may have heard about Linux. We saw a lot of tech trends in the year 2021, but Linux was the one topping the charts throughout the year. So, what exactly is Linux? Who uses it and why? Read ahead to clear out all the confusion. Most people think Linux is an operating system, but no, it’s not. It’s a kernel, and it’s used in more than 80% of smart devices today. You’re probably reading this on a device that the Linux Kernel powers. It also fuels servers and every supercomputer in the world today. # ⚓ How_to_run_Unetbootin_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ UNetbootin is an open-source program to install on Windows, Linux, and macOS. It is meant to create bootable USB drives using ISO images. Here we learn the commands to run UNetbootin on Debian 11 Bullseye. The “Universal Netboot Installer” – Unetbootin for short – extracts ISO files and changes some of OS installation packages and saves them directly on a USB stick. For example, if you want to run Ubuntu in the Live environment from the USB stick or want to install the OS from the USB stick on the hard drive. Especially for users of laptops or netbooks without an optical drive, UNetbootin offers the option of installing ISO images. In the drop-down menu of this software, under “Distribution”, you will find a whole list of tools and distributions available. In addition to Ubuntu, it supports a large number of distributions, e.g. Fedora, Gentoo, Damn Small Linux, etc. # ⚓ How_to_install_Krita_on_Elementary_OS_6.0_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install Krita on Elementary OS 6.0. # ⚓ How_to_install_Wine_6.0.2_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Wine 6.0.2 or newer on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/ audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_to_run_Windows_software_on_Linux_easier_with_Bottles⠀⇛ Running Windows programs on Linux can be confusing and complicated. That’s where Bottles comes in. This program can make running Windows programs much more straightforward. Here’s how to use Bottles on your Linux PC. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Makulu_Now_Supports_GTK4.0_–_MakuluLinux⠀⇛ Shift Debian users may have noticed in Today’s patch that was sent out earlier there was a Big Themes Patch on your System, This Patch made quite a few changes to Themes on the Debian Shift Build. Shift Debian runs on Gnome 41.5 Framework which is slowly moving bit by bit over to GTK4. Users may have noticed a select few Windows that they open did not have the system Theming but instead looked like the default Adwaita theme, this was because until now Makulu lacked GTK4 theme support. Don’t worry, most of the world is still missing GTK4 support, we aren’t alone. Many developers are rushing to add GTK4 support and Today we Delivered on that front. # ⚓ GNOME_is_Exploring_a_New_‘Quick_Settings’_Feature_– OMG!_Ubuntu!⠀⇛ I’d wager that most people find GNOME Shell easy to use out-of-the-box — after all, simplicity its part of GNOME’s calling card. But is there room for improvement? Always, and GNOME’s design team think so too. They’re exploring how to make accessing commonly used settings (like screen brightness, wireless network, and dark mode) in GNOME Shell even easier than it is now. They’ve produced a bunch of mockups and even an animation for the feature they call “quick settings”. # ⚓ 10_Perfect_Apps_to_Improve_Your_GNOME_Experience_ [Part_2]⠀⇛ Here are the next set of GNOME Apps that is perfect for your GNOME Desktop. It ranges from games, utilities and productivity. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ GoboLinux_Is_a_Linux_Distro_Unlike_Any_Other⠀⇛ There are many Linux distros out there, but GoboLinux is a different kind of beast. It is an alternative Linux distribution that redefines the entire filesystem hierarchy. GoboLinux is a Linux distribution which is built from scratch. It was created back in 2002 out of a desire to try new approaches in the Linux distribution design space. Unfortunately, nearly 20 years later, judging by the popularity of the distribution, we can conclude that the experiment was not successful. Let’s start with the installation process. When you boot up the downloaded ISO file, you will see CLI interface. Then you need to write the startx command and the graphical user interface with the Awesome WM (it’s a tiling window manager) will appear. # § Slackware Family⠀➾ # ⚓ I_finally_updated_my_avidemux_package⠀⇛ I have an avidemux package in my (restricted) repository. But… it had not been refreshed since Slackware 14.0 (8 years old now) and its binaries stopped working on Slackware long ago. Looking back at the packaging work I did today, I guess the thing that kept me from updating that Avidemux package was the numerous dependencies that also needed an update (they all were stuck at an old Slackware 14.0 release). In the midst of a full week of holidays and waiting for my rye/honey sourdough bread dough to ferment, I had plenty time to devote to the creation of a fresh package for Avidemux 2.8.0. This was recently released; yesterday actually! And not just avidemux needed some work on its SlackBuild script; I needed to update ageing scripts for aften, faac, faad2, libdca, libfdk-aac, opencore-amr, x264 and xvidcore, and added a x265 package before I could compile avidemux with full support for codecs and plugins. Based on the imminent (fingers crossed) release of Slackware 15.0 according to Patrick himself, I decided to create these packages only for Slackware-current (soon to become 15.0). I also cleaned out ancient versions of all these packages. They are now removed for Slackware 14.1 and older. Note that faac and libfdk-aac just like avidemux contain patent-encumbered software (the AAC encoder) and due to that circumstance the three packages are banished to my ‘restricted repository‘ which is hosted outside the US of A so that the patent trolls won’t bother Pat. # ⚓ Repository_purge_coming_up_soon-ish⠀⇛ After I built a fresh Avidemux (see previous post) I realized how many old packages I still have in my repositories. They are taking up space on many server mirrors. I have decided that I will start a cleansing process, a purge if you want, of all the older stuff. The reason is not just disk space of course. It’s my realization that there may be vulnerabilities in these old packages that I never addressed; and I really hope that people have migrated their machines to Slackware 14.2 (servers or conservative desktop users) or went with -current (modern desktop users, let’s call those). From time to time, you need to clean house. I myself am infamous for not throwing away anything… just take a look at my attic. So these packages will be gone from online servers, but live on in my own local package archive. # § Devuan Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Lead_or_follow?_this_decade’s_dilemma_for_GNU/Linux based_ICT_industry⠀⇛ What do we in common is that we are seizing the opportunity to develop an alternative or, even better, we are sharing an opportunity with everyone out there who dares to differ. The investments are coming and the market is growing: the space is there for those who dare to take it and the risks aren’t so high all things considered. # ⚓ [Old] Algorithmic_Sovereignty⠀⇛ 5 Devuan: the anatomy of a fork [...] This project is to further evolve my research question on the assumptions laid down so far. Let us ask now: what are the traits for a (huge conglomerate) of algorithms to acquire the dimension of a sovereignty controlled by its participants? How does a socialised truth looks like, beyond the impossible assumption of universal neutrality? Beyond its mere execution, what in the design of an operating system generates or erodes the trust people put into it? In this chapter I will describe at length the technical and socio-political conditions for the birth of a new GNU/Linux operating system. The widespread resistance to the introduction inside Debian of a new central framework for system management, called “systemd”, is an extremely interesting opportunity to explore such dynamics in details. I’ve engaged this project in first person and this chapter is mostly written in the form of participatory research, reporting various accounts contributed by people who involved themselves into the creation of a new system, a sort of independent exodus for half of the active Debian user population. The analysis of this episode is important to provide an advanced answer to my research question. As demonstrated, the design and adoption of software algorithms has a close relation to the design and adoption of systems of governance. In the experience of Bitcoin, it is evident how the fundamental trait of such a governance is the concept of neutrality, which has much to share with the definition of truth. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ This_$5_dock_turns_the_$17_Sipeed_Lichee_RV_into_a_fully functional_RISC-V_computer⠀⇛ The $8 version of the board has a Realtek RTL8723DS wireless chip with support for dual-band 802.11b/g/ n WiFi and Bluetooth 4.2. Sipeed says the Lichee RV has at least some support for Debian, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, Tina Linux, RustSBI, and OpenWRT, but the only operating system that supports keyboard input so far is Debian, suggesting that some of the others are still very much works in progress. # ⚓ Sipeed_Lichee_RV_RISC-V_module_gets_$5+_carrier_board_with HDMI_and_USB_ports,_optional_WiFi⠀⇛ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Build_Your_Own_High-Temp_Oven_Thermometer_| Hackaday⠀⇛ Looking to keep an eye on the temperature inside his wood-fired pizza oven, [Giovanni Bernardo] decided to skip the commercial offerings and build his own high-temperature thermometer using a type-K thermocouple. The end result is a no-nonsense handheld unit with a surprisingly low part count that, at least in theory, can read temperatures as high as 1023.75°C. Though we hope he’ll be pulling the pizza out long before that. [...] This takes the input from the thermocouple probe and converts it into a digital signal that can be read over SPI with an Arduino library from Adafruit. # ⚓ Snap-Together_Macropad_Does_It_Without_Solder⠀⇛ Maybe we’re biased, but we think everyone has a use for a macropad. It’s just a matter of time before a highly personalized set of speed controls starts to sound like a great time-saving device to have around. Trouble is, macropads are usually kind of expensive to buy outright, and not everyone feels comfortable building keyboards. Okay, so what if you didn’t even have to solder anything? That’s the idea behind [Jan Lunge]’s hand-wired macropad. You will still want to open a window for ventilation if you build this one, because this macropad requires a lot of 3D printing. What it doesn’t require is glue or screws, because everything snaps together. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Asus_debuts_Android_12_on_its_ZenFone_8_series_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_GT_Getting_Android_12-Based_Realme_UI_3.0 Update_in_India_|_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ When_is_Android_12_coming_to_your_phone?_Everything we_know_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_Note_10_and_Galaxy_Fold_get_updated_to Android_12_with_One_UI_4⠀⇛ # ⚓ Good_news!_The_original_Surface_Duo_may_get_the Android_11_update_in_January_2022_–_TalkAndroid.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sony_Xperia_1_III,_Xperia_5_II_and_more_Android phones_are_on_sale_–_Pocketnow⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_To_Block_Gaming_Sites_On_Android?⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_download_Reddit_videos_on_Android_– Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_find_your_phone_number_on_Android_– Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Most_Popular_Sports_Betting_Apps_For_Android_In The_US⠀⇛ # ⚓ Shift6mq_is_a_modular,_repairable_(and_somewhat Linux-friendly)_smartphone_from_Germany_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ Independent developers have been doing a lot of work to bring support for mainline Linux kernel to devices with Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 processors, and in a report for TuxPhones, developer Caleb Connolly writes that the Shift6mq is already pretty close to being usable with GNU/Linux distributions like postmarketOS. Shift sent Connolly a phone for testing, and before it even arrived Connolly was able to work with Shift developer Alexander Martinz to get postmarketOS with a mainline Linux 5.16 kernel booting on the Shift6mq. WiFi and audio aren’t working yet, but the display, touch screen, and modem are already working. If development continues at this pace, it’s easy to imagine that by the time Android updates are no longer available for the phone, Linux might be a somewhat viable alternative… at least for some users. # ⚓ postmarketOS_21.12_Brings_Support_for_More_Devices, GNOME_41_Apps,_and_Sxmo_on_Wayland⠀⇛ Probably the main attraction is PINE64’s PineBook Pro ARM laptop, which now has official postmarketOS images with different interfaces, including the KDE Plasma and GNOME desktops, as well as Sway, Phosh, and Console interfaces. postmarketOS 21.12 ships with the usual mobile-optimized Phosh (GNOME), KDE Plasma Mobile, and Sxmo interfaces. As expected, these have been updated to support the latest and greatest upstream releases. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Content Management Systems (CMS)⠀➾ # ⚓ 3_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Bash_Static_Site Generators⠀⇛ LinuxLinks, like most modern websites, is dynamic in that content is stored in a database and converted into presentation- ready HTML when readers access the site. While we employ built-in server caching which creates static versions of the site, we don’t generate a full, static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. However, sometimes a full, static HTML website is desirable. Because HTML pages are all prebuilt, they load extremely quickly in web browsers. There are lots of other advantages of running a full, static HTML website. # § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Three_of_the_best:_Security⠀⇛ Network security is still a significant challenge facing APNIC Members, but tastes changed markedly in what they read on the blog between 2020 and 2021. Below are the top three posts related to security for 2021: [...] # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GCC_12_Adds_Support_For_Using_The_Mold_Linker⠀⇛ A small but noteworthy change that landed today for the GCC 12 compiler itself is support for using the Mold linker. Released last week was Mold 1.0 as a high-speed linker that can deliver better performance than GNU’s old Gold linker and even LLVM’s LLD. Mold was designed by Rui Ueyama who originally working on LLVM’s linker. # ⚓ December_GNU_Spotlight_with_Mike_Gerwitz: Thirteen_new_releases⠀⇛ 13 new GNU releases in the last month (as of December 27, 2021): artanis-0.5.1 global-6.6.8 gnun-1.2 gnupg-2.3.4 gsl-2.7.1 guile-sdl-0.5.3 jami-20211223 libmicrohttpd-0.9.75 librejs-7.20.3 nano-6.0 parallel-20211222 poke-1.4 serveez-0.3.0 # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Software_Development_in_2021:_Top_10_Stories_of_the Year⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fortran-lang:_2021_in_review⠀⇛ With another year behind us, let’s review the progress that the Fortran-lang community has made. If you’re new to Fortran-lang, here’s a quick intro: We’re an open source community that aims to develop modern Fortran tooling and nurture a rich ecosystem of libraries, as well as to provide a friendly, helpful, and inclusive space for newcomers and experienced Fortran programmers to work together. We started in late 2019 and have been going ever since. If you’re first discovering (or re- discovering) Fortran through this article, welcome, and we hope it inspires you to try Fortran for one of your projects. In this article we summarize new developments from 2021, from flagship and new projects to community development and outreach. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in_Rust_423⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Joan_Didion’s_California⠀⇛ The night of the day Joan Didion died, I went scrounging around my bookshelves for a copy of Where I Was From. I’ve lived in California all my life, underneath the weight of its political contradictions and atop its ecological dramas, and of all Didion’s works, this one, which sets out to interrogate the foundational mythologies of California, her generational ties to the state, and what she views as its unfortunate decline, seemed most appropriate to put the author’s death and this place into perspective. Scanning my shelves, I saw only the spines of Slouching and The White Album, After Henry and Play It , Run River and Miami, so I panic- texted a friend, a fellow California girl, who lives nearby. “EMERGENCY REQUEST,” I wrote her, “do you have a copy of Where I Was From that I could borrow TONIGHT?” She replied within minutes. “Found it,” my friend wrote, “and do you want South and West also?” o ⚓ Showbiz!⠀⇛ In December 1999, the Los Angeles Times profiled director Paul Thomas Anderson ahead of his third feature, Magnolia, under the headline “The New New Wave.” The article placed Anderson among an ascendant peer group of youngish white male directors like David O. Russell, Spike Jonze, and Darren Aronofsky, most of whom had recently released films. Crucially, however, it also positioned Anderson as the leader of this pack, someone whose talent was so widely recognized that he had the ear of Francis Ford Coppola and dined with Warren Beatty. The profile characterized him as a classic ’70s New Hollywood auteur, à la Robert Altman or Martin Scorsese, someone with complete creative freedom and an exacting level of control over every aspect of the production and release of his films, down to editing the trailer himself. o ⚓ Kick_Back_Until_2022⠀⇛ But for normal people living normal lives, it’s a time to reflect not so much on what we lack or who to hate or blame for real or imagined transgressions, but to appreciate what we’ve had and have — our families and friends, having love in our lives, and the incredible beauty of Montana that greets us every day. While that might sound corny to those caught in the churning maelstrom of the 24-7 news cycle, the fact is you’d probably be a lot happier if you turned it off for a few days. In reality, Congress is out, the White House is in “holiday” mode, Montana’s governor remains primarily invisible and, who knows, maybe even our attorney general has decided to go back up to his hometown of Culbertson to take a break from worrying about the Texas border for awhile. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ James_Webb_Space_Telescope:_an_Astronomer_on_the_Team Explains_How_to_Send_a_Giant_Telescope_to_Space_and_Why⠀⇛ I am an astronomer and the principal investigator for the Near Infrared Camera – or NIRCam for short – aboard the Webb telescope. I have participated in the development and testing for both my camera and the telescope as a whole. To see deep into the universe, the telescope has a very large mirror and must be kept extremely cold. But getting a fragile piece of equipment like this to space is no simple task. There have been many challenges my colleagues and I have had to overcome to design, test and soon launch and align the most powerful space telescope ever built. # ⚓ A_Conversation_with_E.O._Wilson_(1929–2021)⠀⇛ Edward O. Wilson: I think I may have been the only scientist in modern times to be physically attacked for an idea. The idea of a biological human nature was abhorrent to the demonstrators and was, in fact, too radical at the time for a lot of people—probably most social scientists and certainly many on the far-Left. They just accepted as dogma the blank-slate view of the human mind—that everything we do and think is due to contingency, rather than based upon instinct like bodily functions and the urge to keep reproducing. These people believe that everything we do is the result of historical accidents, the events of history, the development of personality through experience. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Lawsuit_Aims_to_Halt_Trump-Approved_GMO_Labels_Critics Denounce_as_Nothing_But_a_‘Scam’⠀⇛ Amid an ongoing lawsuit challenging what critics call deceptive Trump-era U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations for labeling genetically engineered foods, a leading advocacy group on Wednesday announced the launch of a consumer action campaign ahead of the new rules taking effect on January 1. “These regulations are not about informing the public but rather designed to allow corporations to hide their use of genetically engineered ingredients from their customers.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Why_We_Must_Vaccinate_the_World⠀⇛ Never in the history of humankind has the blindingly obvious been ignored with such obviously high risk. Never have the cautious and persistent warnings of medical and biological scientists been so spectacularly and swiftly vindicated. # ⚓ The_Origins_of_Germany’s_Anti-Vaxxers⠀⇛ It was a rumination of cynical Nazi slogan Arbeit Macht Frei (work makes you free) placed on German concentration camps; in December 2021, anti-vaxxers held a Nazi-style torch rally at the house of a heath minister. Yet, German anti-vaxxers go back a long time. In many German-speaking countries of course, Germany but also Austria, most of Switzerland, and some areas of northern Italy, there has been a long established distrust in vaccinations. Partly, this is because of 19th century German romanticism. But it is also because political failures and right- wing ideologies mixed with reactionary back-to- nature esoteric belief systems. # ⚓ When_Dangerous_Strains_of_Salmonella_Hit,_the_Turkey Industry_Responded_Forcefully._The_Chicken_Industry?_Not_So Much.⠀⇛ It wasn’t the hog nuts that made people sick. Nor was it the deer heart and noodles, elk meatloaf, turtle stew or any of the other fare served at the Swisher Men’s Club wild game feast in eastern Iowa in February 2019. Matthew Arjes, an avid hunter, had gone to the event with some friends. It was for a good cause — the group raffled off rifles and fishing coolers to raise money for the local fire department. # ⚓ As_Covid_Deaths_Hit_800K,_Sanders_Says_Medicare_for_All Needed_to_End_‘Vulgarity’_of_US_Health_System⠀⇛ Sen. Bernie Sanders on Wednesday said that nearly two years after the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, the public health crisis that shows no sign of coming to a swift end has brought into stark relief “the vulgarity” of the U.S.  healthcare system, suggesting the political establishment must end its defense of the for- profit healthcare industry as he re-upped his call for Medicare for All. The Vermont independent senator, whose decades-long push for single-payer healthcare was dismissed by President Joe Biden as not “realistic” weeks before Covid-19 was first detected in the U.S. in January 2020, wrote about the issue on social media shortly after the country recorded 800,000 known deaths from the disease. # ⚓ Experts_Warn_Merck’s_FDA-Authorized_Covid_Pill_Could ‘Create_Breeding_Ground_for_Mutant_Viruses’⠀⇛ Merck’s anti-viral coronavirus pill has been heralded as a “gamechanger” in the fight against the deadly global pandemic, and the Food and Drug Administration decided last week to authorize the treatment on an emergency-use basis for certain segments of the U.S. population. “We are potentially headed towards a world-class disaster.” # ⚓ BoJo’s_Tories_Toy_With_Omicron⠀⇛ As for the ventriloquizing of the teaching of Jesus on loving thy neighbour— this, by numerous accounts (including his own family), is perhaps a bit rich coming from someone who has only loved himself. Coronavirus infections are surging in Britain as Omicron replaced Delta as the dominant variant. # ⚓ Trump’s_UK_Golf_Resorts_Claimed_Millions_in_COVID_Aid_While He_Was_President⠀⇛ # ⚓ Flight_Attendant_Union_Criticizes_CDC_for_Decision_“Pushed by_Corporate_America”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Burning_Sugar_Cane_Pollutes_Communities_of_Color_in Florida._Brazil_Shows_There’s_Another_Way.⠀⇛ This year, reporters at The Palm Beach Post and ProPublica investigated the impact of sugar cane burning in Florida. The harvesting practice helps produce more than half of America’s cane sugar, but it sends smoke and ash into largely low-income communities of color in the state’s heartland. # ⚓ He_died_after_waiting_15_days_for_a_hospital_bed._His family_blames_unvaccinated_covid-19_patients.⠀⇛ Anthony Weeks, his son, said that the family believes their vaccinated and boosted father was the latest indirect victim of the pandemic — and that he would have survived his sepsis diagnosis if he was immediately admitted to a larger medical center that had an open bed. “The frustrating thing was not that we wanted him to get care that others weren’t getting, but that he didn’t get care when he needed it. And when he did get it, it was too late,” he said. “The question comes up of: ‘Who was in those beds?’ If it’s people who are unvaccinated with covid, then that’s the part where it really hurts.” Owenson added: “The thing that bothers me the most is people’s selfish decision not to get vaccinated and the failure to see how this affects a greater group of people. That’s the part that’s really difficult to swallow.” o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple_aims_to_prevent_defections_to_Meta_with_rare $180,000_bonuses_for_top_talent⠀⇛ Last week, the company informed some engineers in silicon design, hardware, and select software and operations groups of the out-of-cycle bonuses, which are being issued as restricted stock units, according to people with knowledge of the matter. The shares vest over four years, providing an incentive to stay at the iPhone maker. The bonuses, which came as a surprise to those who received them, have ranged from about $50,000 to as much as $180,000 in some cases. Many of the engineers received amounts of roughly $80,000, $100,000 or $120,000 in shares, said the people, who asked not to be identified because the program isn’t public. The perk was presented by managers as a reward for high performers. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Noah_Meyerhans_|_When_You_Could_Hear_Security Scans⠀⇛ Have you ever wondered what a security probe of a computer sounded like? I’d guess probably not, because on the fact of it that doesn’t make a whole lot of sense. But there was a time when I could very clearly discern the sound of a computer being scanned. It sounded like a small mechanical heart beat: Click-click… click-click… click-click… Prior to 2010, I had a computer under my desk with what at the time were not unheard-of properties: Its storage was based on a stack of spinning metal platters (a now-antiquated device known as a “hard drive”), and it had a publicly routable IPv4 address with an unfiltered connection to the Internet. Naturally it ran Linux and an ssh server. As was common in those days, service logging was handled by a syslog daemon. The syslog daemon would sort log messages based on various criteria and record them somewhere. In most simple environments, “somewhere” was simply a file on local storage. When writing to a local file, syslog daemons can be optionally configured to use the fsync() system call to ensure that writes are flushed to disk. Practically speaking, what this meant is that a page of disk-backed memory would be written to the disk as soon as an event occurred that triggered a log message. Because of potential performance implications, fsync() was not typically enabled for most log files. However, due to the more sensitive nature of authentication logs, it was often enabled for /var/log/auth.log. # ⚓ Wladimir_Palant:_How_did_LastPass_master passwords_get_compromised? [Ed: LastPass (clown computing/outsourcing) is for fools and willfully negligent hipsters; this is an epic disaster waiting to happen. The media is mostly relaying what the company says about its own systems without bothering to investigate the actual facts]]⠀⇛ The mail is legitimate and has been sent out by the LastPass service. The location however was typically very far away from the user’s actual location, e.g. in a country like Brazil or India. Yet this isn’t merely an attempt to guess the password, as LastPass will only send a mail like this one if the correct master password is provided in the login attempt. One affected user created a thread on Hacker News and at least a dozen others chimed in with similar experiences. This indicates that a large-scale attack is underway, with the total number of affected users being quite significant. As online password managers go, a user’s master password is the most critical piece of information. So the important question is: how do the attackers know the master passwords? There are some explanation being discussed: credential stuffing, phishing, malware, LastPass compromise. As I know a thing or two about LastPass, I’ll write down how likely these are and why. TL;DR: It appears that LastPass infrastructure has been compromised, all other explanations being rather unlikely. And, surprisingly, it isn’t given that the attackers actually know these master passwords. # ⚓ LastPass_admits_attack_but_assures_master passwords_are_safe_–_Macworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ LastPass_Claims_Your_Passwords_Are_Safe_Despite Those_Security_Warnings_It_Sent_|_HotHardware⠀⇛ LastPass is telling its users that there is no evidence to suggest their passwords have been compromised, after previously sending out emails to some users stating their master passwords have been compromised. So what exactly is going on? According to LastPass, the email warnings were “likely triggered in error.” # ⚓ LastPass_Users’_Master_Passwords_May_Have_Been Leaked_|_Beebom⠀⇛ LastPass is arguably one of the popular password managers, coming with various security features for users to protect their online credentials. However, it could have been exposed to a new security breach as many users have recently reported that their master passwords might have been compromised. Here are the details. # ⚓ LastPass_users_warned_their_master_passwords are_compromised⠀⇛ Many LastPass users report that their master passwords have been compromised after receiving email warnings that someone tried to use them to log into their accounts from unknown locations. The email notifications also mention that the login attempts have been blocked because they were made from unfamiliar locations worldwide. “Someone just used your master password to try to log in to your account from a device or location we didn’t recognize,” the login alerts warn. # ⚓ LastPass:_some_users_report_compromised accounts_–_gHacks_Tech_News⠀⇛ Some users of the LastPass password manager revealed this week that they have received emails from LastPass stating that logins to their accounts using the account’s master password were blocked. The first of these reports was published on Hacker News. # ⚓ LastPass_users_are_seeing_compromised_Master Passwords_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ Password managers are a great way to improve your online security, but it would be a nightmare scenario if your password manager’s account were hacked. This week, some LastPass users report that their Master Passwords appear to have been compromised, but LastPass says things are technically working as they’re supposed to. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Massachusetts_Supreme_Court_Tackles_Law Enforcement_Use_Of_Cell_Tower_Dumps⠀⇛ Years after they’ve become a go- to tool for law enforcement to work their way backwards to suspects, the Massachusetts Supreme Court is wrestling with the issue of cell tower dumps. # ⚓ Interview_With_Adrian_Furtuna_–_Pentest- Tools.com⠀⇛ Adrian Furtuna: About seven years ago, I was working as a full-time penetration tester for one of the big four companies. Since I was doing a lot of manual work, I thought that much of this could be automated, so, as a pen tester, I could focus on more interesting work. In penetration testing, some parts of the work can be automated, but others can’t. I thought that I could have a much better use of my time focusing on the parts of the engagement that cannot be automated and leave the other parts to some tools to do the work for me. So this was the main reason why I started the Pentest- Tools, which right now has the main objective to make the life of a penetration tester much more simple and more effective. # ⚓ Students_Are_Learning_To_Resist Surveillance:_Year_in_Review_2021⠀⇛ As schools have shuffled students from in-person education to at- home learning and testing, then back again, the lines between “school” and “home” have been blurred. This has made it increasingly difficult for students to protect their privacy and to freely express themselves, as online proctoring and other sinister forms of surveillance and disciplinary technology have spread. But students have fought back, and often won, and we’re glad to have been on their side.  Early in the year, medical students at Dartmouth’s Geisel School of Medicine were blindsided by an unfounded dragnet cheating investigation conducted by the administration. The allegations were based on a flawed review of an entire year’s worth of student log data from Canvas, the online learning platform that contains class lectures and other substantive information. After a technical examination, EFF determined that the logs easily could have been generated by the automated syncing of course material to devices logged into Canvas.  When EFF and FIRE reached out to Dartmouth and asked them to more carefully review the logs—which Canvas’ own documentation explicitly states should not be used for high-stakes analysis—we were rebuffed. With the medical careers of seventeen students hanging in the balance, the students began organizing. At first, the on-campus protest, the letter to school administrators, and the complaints of unfair treatment from the student government didn’t make much of an impact. In fact, the university administration dug in, instituting a new social media policy that seemed aimed at chilling anonymous speech that had appeared on Instagram, detailing concerns students had with how these cheating allegations were being handled.  # ⚓ How_we_fought_an_anti_encryption_law_in Belgium_–_and_won!⠀⇛ # ⚓ Your_DNA_Test_Could_Send_a_Relative_to Jail⠀⇛ Investigative genetic genealogy moves backward before it moves forward. That is, starting with the target’s genetic matches, you trace the matches’ ancestors and then those ancestors’ descendants, finding any points where the matches’ lines intersect with one another, closing in, ultimately, on possible candidates. # ⚓ Listen_to_Your_Heart:_Security_and Privacy_of_Implantable_Cardio_Foo⠀⇛ Additionally, we sent several General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, ger: DSGVO) inquiries to manufacturers of implantable cardiologic devices and hospitals, revealing non- conforming processes and a lack of awareness about patients’ rights and companies’ obligations. This, and the fact that many vulnerabilities are still to be found after many vulnerability disclosures in recent years, present a worrying security state of the whole ecosystem. # ⚓ Palantir_Secures_Additional_$43_Million Contract_from_Space_Systems_Command⠀⇛ Palantir Technologies Inc. (NYSE: PLTR) announced today the Space Systems Command’s (SSC) Cross- Mission Ground & Communications Enterprise (ECX) awarded it a $43 million contract to continue its delivery of a data and decision platform to support national security objectives. This $43 million contract is an additional extension, expanding upon previous awards from April and August this year. The total cumulative face value of the contract is $91.5 million. # ⚓ US_data_giant_Palantir_is_on_a_mission_to seduce_France’s_start-ups⠀⇛ The US company Palantir, which specialises in data analytics and is known as one of the most secretive and controversial companies in the world, is on a mission to seduce French start- ups. On Thursday, the company announced a partnership with Station F, the world’s biggest start-up incubator based in Paris. # ⚓ China_outlines_vision_for_four_mega_data center_clusters⠀⇛ China has approved plans to build four mega clusters of data centres in the country’s north and west with the aim of supporting the data needs of Beijing and major coastal centres, according to the country’s top state planner on Wednesday. The clusters will be built in the northern Inner Mongolia region, northwestern Ningxia region, Gansu province and southwestern Guizhou province, the National Development and Reform Commission said in four separate statements. The four locations can use their energy and environmental advantages to set up green and low-carbon mega data centres, the state planner said. # ⚓ Towards_a_more_Trustworthy_Tor_Network⠀⇛ In this talk we will describe why some level of trust in the Tor network is needed to achieve its privacy properties. After going through some examples of large scale malicious Tor relay groups, and current issues with tackling them, we describe a new additional approach to reduce the risks of malicious Tor relays on Tor users. We aim to empower Tor users for self-defense without completely depending on the detection and removal of malicious Tor relays from the network. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Nobody_canceled_blood_feuds’_The_relatives_of_Chechen dissidents_are_being_kidnapped_—_both_in_Chechnya_and_in other_parts_of_Russia⠀⇛ In the final weeks of 2021, at least six Chechen oppositionists reported that their relatives had gone missing. All of these opposition figures live outside of Chechnya and have condemned regional head Ramzan Kadyrov and his cronies for human rights abuses. Several of them have faced threats in the past or even survived assassination attempts. Though their family members living in Chechnya have come under pressure before, they are now being abducted en masse — and not only in Chechnya, but also in other parts of Russia. Though some have been released, many remain missing at the time of this writing. For Meduza, journalist Vladimir Sevrinovsky spoke with three Chechen dissidents whose relatives were targeted in the latest wave of repression. # ⚓ Roaming_Charges:_Police_Crime_Blotter,_2021⠀⇛ + 981: the number of people in the US shot and killed by police in 2020. + A Boston police cop sexually assaulted an intoxicated woman after she passed out. He was suspended without pay for a year, but when he returned, he was promoted. This year, he bragged about hitting BLM protesters with his patrol car. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Killing_Nature_Must_Be_Treated_as_a_Crime_on_a Par_with_Genocide_and_War_Crimes⠀⇛ The first United Nations Scientific Conference on the Environment, also known as the First Earth Summit, was held in Stockholm, Sweden, from June 6- 15, 1972. Ιt established a Declaration of Principles and adopted an action plan with recommendations for the preservation and enhancement of the environment. Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, it led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). # ⚓ Words_Matter:_The_Bucharest_NATO_Summit_and_Its_Contentious Promise⠀⇛ Following Presidents Biden and Putin talks this December, the Moscow Times reported that the Russian foreign ministry insisted that the United States should formally close the door to NATO membership for Ukraine and Georgia. “In the fundamental interests of European security, it is necessary to officially disavow the decision of the 2008 NATO Bucharest summit that ‘Ukraine and Georgia will become NATO members,’” the Russian foreign ministry was quoted. The Russian Ministry had already argued in 2018 that the “verbal promise to Soviet President Gorbachev not to expand NATO to the East, in exchange for the Soviet leader’s consent to the annexation of East Germany (GDR) by Western Germany, was fragrantly violated and is the source of much of the present conflict between Russia and the West.” # ⚓ For_Afghanistan,_2021_Brought_an_End_to_One_Horror—and_the Beginning_of_Another⠀⇛ August 15, 2021, is a day Afghanistan will never forget. # ⚓ Opinion_|_As_Afghan_Humanitarian_Crisis_Spikes,_US_News Coverage_Plummets⠀⇛ # ⚓ Stopping_the_War_Machine_for_One_Day⠀⇛ On a sunny late summer day in 2013, I ambled to downtown Washington to hike with a bunch of friendly folks in a jaunt starting on the National Mall and heading towards the World War Two Monument and points beyond. But the hike was vexed from the start because someone invited along a “licensed tourist guide.” That short, pudgy fellow proceeded to bludgeon us with every known detail about the history, architecture, and rest room renovations of the Smithsonian Castle. He followed that up with a “Wikipedia on Amphetamines” rendition on the National Museum of Natural History and then commenced rattling at high speed about the National Museum of American History. And that was when I was summoned by a cheap cigar. That dude’s twaddle was another reminder of the peril of any government licensing program and gave me more sympathy than ever before for Washington tourists. # ⚓ Arundhati_Roy_on_the_Media,_Vaccine_Inequity, Authoritarianism_in_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Arundhati_Roy_Talks_Media,_Authoritarianism_in_India_and Challenging_US_Wars⠀⇛ # ⚓ Arundhati_Roy_on_the_Media,_Vaccine_Inequity, Authoritarianism_in_India_&_Challenging_U.S._Wars⠀⇛ We go to New Delhi, India, to speak with acclaimed Indian author and activist Arundhati Roy about the pandemic, U.S. militarism and the state of journalism. Roy first appeared on Democracy Now! after receiving widespread backlash for speaking out against the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan. At the time, her emphatic antiwar stance clashed with the rising tides of patriotism and calls for war after 9/11. “Now the same media is saying what we were saying 20 years ago,” says Roy. “But the trouble is, it’s too late.” # ⚓ At_Least_13_Republicans_Who_Participated_in_Jan._6_Attack Are_Running_for_Office⠀⇛ # ⚓ Federal_Judge_Rejects_Proud_Boys’_“Free_Speech”_Defense_in January_6_Court_Case⠀⇛ # ⚓ Beijing_Move_Seen_as_Bringing_China_Into_Macao_Security Affairs⠀⇛ China’s recently announced decision to appoint an adviser for Macao’s national security matters is an act of China’s “publicized participation into the city’s national security affairs,” according to an expert. A Dec. 3 report published by the official Xinhua news service said the director of the liaison office in the city, a mainland official appointed by Beijing, would also become the adviser to the Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the Macao Special Administrative Region. Fu Ziying, the current liaison office director, will be “in charge of supervising, guiding, coordinating, and supporting the Macao SAR in safeguarding national security,” the notice said using the abbreviation for “special administrative region.” The committee will also have three new national security technical advisers, the report said. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Warmer_in_Alaska_Than_San_Diego_This_Week_as_Temperature Record_‘Pulverized’⠀⇛ As parts of Alaska obliterated high-temperature records earlier this week, meteorologists and climate scientists warned that extreme heat and rainfall are the new normal in the nation’s largest state and other Arctic and subarctic zones. “In and around the Arctic… temperatures have been rising around twice as fast as the rest of the planet.” # ⚓ Ocean_Heating_This_Century_Could_Create_Hurricane Conditions_Unseen_in_3_Million_Years:_Study⠀⇛ Global heating caused by human activity could warm oceans enough to fuel hurricanes and tropical storms that strike cities as far north as Boston, a new study published Wednesday projects. “This represents an important, under-estimated risk of climate change,” Joshua Studholme of Yale University, the study’s lead author, said in a statement. “This research predicts that the 21st century’s tropical cyclones will likely occur over a wider range of latitudes than has been the case on Earth for the last 3 million years.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Climate_Chaos:_What_to_Learn_From_2021⠀⇛ This year we saw some of the consequences of the climate crisis devastating rich countries in the Northern Hemisphere. This didn’t lead to any political changes, though. Institutions remain the grease for the engines of capitalism. The COP26 in Glasgow became the primary space to project the new forms of capital accumulation, using the climate crisis as an excuse for new land grabs. This was also the year of space penises, inaugurating the space race of idiots while a new global bubble of speculation grows in the form of cryptocurrency. Climate degradation will always be accompanied by growing alienation, as the Capitalocene moves into full throttle. # ⚓ The_Selling_of_Degrowth⠀⇛ Despite these efforts, economic growth remains at the heart of virtually every government’s national policy. Even the various Green New Deals that have been put forward around the world are wedded to notions of economic expansion. At the heart of these more recent attempts to bring carbon emissions under control is the concept of “green growth,” which has become the current mantra. So, inevitably, advocates of degrowth have addressed this new version of “sustainable” economic expansion. “We have to continue to pound away with articles and social media to dispel that fuzzy and oxymoronic notion of ‘green growth,’ that there is no conflict between growing the economy and protecting the environment,” observes Brian Czech, the founder of the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy (CASSE) in Washington, DC. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Finding_Porpoise_in_Ocean_Protection_Is_No_Joke⠀⇛ Our oceans are in trouble and this holiday sea/sun is not a time to be shellfish about how we respond. Abalone you might say but I still believe giving beach receiving. It’s time to give back to the ocean. Too often when I talk to marine scientists and look into their faces I sea otter despair. But surrender is not an option we can float. Better we tuna into the problems we face and wrasse the alarm. I’d argue, herring no objections, that we find a new porpoise for the coming New Year, to protect and restore the blue in our red white and blue. # ⚓ Opinion_|_New_Documentary_Explains_Extreme_Weather Emergency⠀⇛ Emmy-nominated director Susan Gray’s timely documentary, Earth Emergency, is not only a wake-up call to policymakers and the public, but a sort of “Extreme Weather for Dummies” that explains the fatal factors wreaking havoc on our environment. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Species_That_Defined_Our_Year⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ode_to_the_Wolf⠀⇛ Wolf killers and torturers Oh to be manly Brash loud proud Ignorant of their vacuity and shallow depths Terrify Inflict pain on Annihilate Those who are better than they Put their fear into the noble and majestic Never knowing their own cowardice, their pretending to be men Never knowing how pitiable they are o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Elon_Musk_Brags_About_Owing_Small_Fraction_of_His_$280B_in Taxes⠀⇛ # ⚓ States_Are_Hoarding_$5.2_Billion_in_Welfare_Funds_While Denying_More_People_Aid⠀⇛ # ⚓ States_Are_Hoarding_$5.2_Billion_in_Welfare_Funds_Even_as the_Need_for_Aid_Grows⠀⇛ When Congress passed welfare reform in 1996, states were given more autonomy over how they could use federal funding for aid to the poor. They could demand welfare recipients find work before receiving cash assistance. They could also use their federal “block grants” to fund employment and parenting courses or to subsidize childcare. Twenty-five years later, however, states are using this freedom to do nothing at all with large sums of the money. # ⚓ KOL368_|_Legislation_vs._Law,_with_Robert_Breedlove,_of_the “What_is_Money”_Show⠀⇛ From Robert’s Episode notes: “Stephan Kinsella joins me to discuss the nature of centralized law legislated by fiat in comparison with decentralized law discovered through the observation of human action across time.” # ⚓ My_“Wealth_Effect_Monitor”_&_“Wealth_Disparity_Monitor”_for the_Fed’s_Money-Printer_Economy:_December_Update⠀⇛ Yves here. Wolf is correct in his depiction of the effects of Covid economic policy, even if he is a bit off base as to the causes. One wag said something like: “White collar employees got to stay home while low-income workers brought them stuff.” Super low interest rates, which is what the Fed likes to use in crises because fast and easy, benefitted the rich, particularly leveraged speculators (private equity, real estate, hedge funds) and not much ordinary folks. At the same time, officials have adopted a “Let ‘er rip” policy even when making some gestures otherwise. That results in supply chain disruptions which increase prices, particularly of essentials like food. The fact that bad weather (often credibly climate change driven) are also goosing ag prices does not help. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Chinese_Govt._Arrests_More_Pro-Democracy_Icons_In_Hong Kong,_Including_Music_Stars⠀⇛ While we have been discussing the way mainland China’s plan to slow-creep the end of democracy in Hong Kong has turned into more of a sprint, it’s also quite true that what is occurring there hasn’t gotten nearly enough media burn as it should. Plenty of folks have chalked up China’s aggressive attitudes towards Hong Kong to the 2019 pro- democracy protests, but the real sprint began once it became clear that Donald Trump stood a good chance of losing the White House to Joe Biden. Trump showed little willingness to push back on China when it came to its treatment of Hong Kong and the theory was that Biden would reverse course and show some backbone. That he generally hasn’t is one of geopolitics great ironies. Beijing has taken such steps as to try to erase the CCP’s own bloody history, to censor all kinds of Hong Kong pro- democracy culture, and to arrest of all kinds of pro-democracy lawmakers and media. # ⚓ To_2035_and_beyond_Belarus_unveils_draft_constitutional amendments,_plans_referendum_for_February_2022⠀⇛ On Monday, December 27, the Belarusian authorities unveiled a new draft of the country’s constitution. According to head of state Alexander Lukashenko, the document may see changes following public debate and will be put to a referendum by late February 2022. This will mark the third referendum on amending Belarus’s constitution since Lukashenko came to power in 1994. Changes made to the constitution in 1996 and 2004 broadened the powers of the president — and the draft amendments have the potential to not only keep Lukashenko in power, but also permanently shield him from prosecution. Here’s what you need to know.  # ⚓ Pending_trial,_St._Petersburg_court_releases_video_blogger charged_with_felony_offense_for_performing_song⠀⇛ Yuri Khovansky, the video blogger charged with the felony offense of “justifying terrorism” because of a song he performed years ago, has been released from pretrial detention after roughly six months behind bars. State investigators in St. Petersburg made the request without any explanation, initially asking the court to wait until January 8 to free him. They later endorsed his immediate release. # ⚓ As_Harry_Reid_Dies_at_82,_Democrats_Urged_to_Take_His Advice_and_Abolish_the_Filibuster⠀⇛ As condolences for the loved ones of Harry Reid poured in following his death Tuesday at the age of 82, progressives recalled the former Senate majority leader’s vocal condemnations of the upper chamber’s filibuster rule and urged Democrats to honor the late Nevada lawmaker by eliminating it for good. “In a chamber where too many Democrats can be afraid of their own shadow, Harry Reid was willing to deliver for the American people and didn’t care what it took,” tweeted Rep. Mondaire Jones (D-N.Y.) following news of Reid’s passing. “They should learn from his example and abolish the filibuster.” # ⚓ Moscow_City_Court_dissolves_Memorial_Human_Rights_Center⠀⇛ A day after Russia’s Supreme Court dissolved the Memorial International Historical Educational Charitable and Human Rights Society, the Moscow City Court similarly ordered the closure of the Memorial’s Human Rights Center, granting a petition by city prosecutors who argued that the organization’s financial activities are “non- transparent.” The authorities also accused Memorial of demonstrating a “steady disregard of Russia’s Constitution and laws.” # ⚓ Fools_have_no_future_in_Russia_Meduza’s:_response_to_the dissolution_of_Memorial⠀⇛ Even when judged against the other miseries of 2021, the dissolution of Memorial’s historical research society and human rights center is an extraordinary, monstrous event. # ⚓ ECHR_tells_Russian_to_suspend_dissolution_of_Memorial pending_review_of_claim_over_‘foreign_agent’_laws⠀⇛ The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has issued an interim measure telling Russia to suspend the dissolution of the International Memorial Society and the Memorial Human Rights Center, Interfax reported on Wednesday, December 29. # ⚓ One_of_Harry_Reid’s_Last_Wishes_Was_to_End_the_Filibuster⠀⇛ # ⚓ Klobuchar’s_Silly_Letter_To_Facebook_Raises_1st_Amendment Issues_And_Only_Gives_Ammo_To_Misinfo_Peddlers_That_Facebook Is_A_State_Actor⠀⇛ Senator Amy Klobuchar really is taking to her role as the Senator most eager to set up a Ministry of Truth in the government. Klobuchar has always been terrible on tech/internet issues, but she’s really taken it to a new level in the past year or so. Over the summer, she released a blatantly unconstitutional bill that literally would empower the Director of Health & Human Services to declare what counts as health misinformation and make social media websites liable for it (imagine how that would have played out under a Trump administration — because Klobuchar apparently can’t remember that far back). # ⚓ D.C._Circuit_Upholds_Freed_Up_6_GHz,_Wireless_Players Celebrate⠀⇛ The D.C. Circuit Appeals Court decided Tuesday in a unanimous ruling to uphold the Federal Communications Commission’s decision to free up the 6 GHz band for next-generation Wi-Fi, the U.S.’s first gigabit Wi-Fi. In its opinion Tuesday, the court stated that petitioners had not provided a basis for questioning the commission’s conclusion that such actions will sufficiently protect against risk of harmful interference with presently unlicensed devices. The commission ruled on the matter in April 2020. The court accepted only one petition for review from licensed radio and television broadcasters using the 6 GHz band. # ⚓ Political_Vigilante:_Talking_Maxwell_Verdict⠀⇛ o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Those_Who_Don’t_Understand_Section_230_Are_Doomed_To_Repeal It⠀⇛ It remains somewhat surprising to me how many people who have ideas for Section 230 reforms clearly do not understand the law and how it works. Perhaps much more surprising is that, when experts try to highlight where their analysis has gone wrong, these “reformers” double down rather than correct their previous faulty assumptions. Dean Baker is a fairly well-known economist whose views on copyright we’ve highlighted in the past for being quite insightful. Unfortunately, Baker seems to feel that his insight in these other areas allows him to skip the basics on Section 230, defamation law, internet business models and the like. A year ago he wrote two separate very wrong and very confused blog posts advocating for the full repeal of Section 230. Both of them misunderstand how 230 works, its interplay with the 1st Amendment, and how defamation law works. # ⚓ Indian_Gov’t_Orders_YouTube_To_Block_20_Channels_For ‘Blasphemy’_And_‘Impinging_On_National_Security’⠀⇛ India’s Information Technology Act has been problematic since its inception. Almost a decade ago, it was deployed to justify the arrest of an Indian citizen who’d done nothing more than criticize a politician, insinuating the politician had used his position to amass personal wealth. # ⚓ 2021_Year_In_Review:_Sex_Online⠀⇛ The ability to express oneself fully—including the expression of one’s sexuality—is a vital part of freedom of expression, and without that ability, free speech is an incomplete and impotent concept. To be clear, we are talking here about legal sexual expression, fully protected in the US by the First Amendment, and not the limited category of sexual expression, called “obscenity” in US law, the distribution of which may be criminalized. Here is a tiring and non-exhaustive list of the ways Internet platforms have taken it upon themselves to undermine free expression in this way in 2021. # ⚓ Russian_Court_Orders_2nd_Ban_of_a_Major_Human_Rights_Group in_2_Days⠀⇛ The ruling by Moscow’s City Court will close the Memorial Human Rights Center, which keeps a tally of political prisoners. On Tuesday the country’s Supreme Court ordered the shuttering of Memorial International, which was founded in 1989 by Soviet dissidents to preserve memories of Soviet repression. Together, the shutdowns reflected President Vladimir V. Putin’s determination to control the narrative of some of the most painful and repressive chapters in Russian history and keep dissidents at bay. Since January, the Kremlin has accelerated a campaign to stifle dissent, clamping down on independent media, religious groups and political opponents. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ On_‘Primary_Sources,’_Kevin_Gosztola_Discusses_The_War_On WikiLeaks⠀⇛ # ⚓ PEN_America_and_the_Betrayal_of_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ Those in power, as Noam Chomsky points out, divide the world into “worthy” and “unworthy” victims. They weep crocodile tears over the plight of Uyghur Muslims persecuted in China while demonizing and slaughtering Muslims in the Middle East. They decry press censorship in hostile states and collude with the press censorship and algorithms emanating from Silicon Valley in the United States. It is an old and insidious game, one practiced not to promote human rights or press freedom but to envelop these courtiers to power in a sanctimonious and cloying self-righteousness. PEN America can’t say the words “Belarus,” “Myanmar” or the Chinese tennis star “Peng Shuai” fast enough, while all but ignoring the most egregious assault on press freedom in our lifetime. PEN America only stopped accepting funding from the Israeli government, which routinely censors and jails Palestinian journalists and writers in Israel and the occupied West Bank, for the literary group’s annual World Voices festival in New York in 2017 when more than 250 writers, poets and publishers, many members of PEN, signed an appeal calling on the CEO of PEN America, Suzanne Nossel, to end PEN America’s partnership with the Israeli government. The signatories included Wallace Shawn, Alice Walker, Eileen Myles, Louis Erdrich, Russel Banks, Cornel West, Junot Díaz and Viet Thanh Nguyen. To stand up for Assange comes with a cost, as all moral imperatives do. And this is a cost the careerists and Democratic Party apparatchiks, who leverage corporate money and corporate backing to seize and deform these organizations into appendages of the ruling class, do not intend to pay. PEN America is typical of the establishment hijacking of an organization that was founded and once run by writers, some of whom, including Susan Sontag and Norman Mailer, I knew. Nossel is a former corporate lawyer, listed as a “contributor” to The Federalist Society, who worked for McKinsey & Company and as Vice President of US Business Development for Bertelsmann.  Nossel, who has had herself elevated to the position of the CEO of PEN America, also worked under Hillary Clinton in the State Department, including on the task force assigned to respond to the WikiLeaks revelations. I withdrew from a scheduled speaking event at the 2013 World Voices Festival in New York City and resigned from the organization, which that same year had given me its First Amendment Award, to protest Nossel’s appointment. PEN Canada offered me membership which I accepted. # ⚓ In_Russia,_State_Is_Waging_Hybrid_War_Against_Media,_Nobel Laureate_Says⠀⇛ In an exclusive interview with VOA’s Russian Service, Muratov spoke about the struggle to defend and uphold media freedom in Russia and how the threat of violence and legal action affects reporting. This interview has been translated from Russian and edited for length and clarity. Question: In your Nobel speech, you called journalism an antidote to tyranny. But in Russia, 15 years of freedom after the end of the Soviet Union have given way to censorship, persecution and killings, and a rollback of civil liberties and democracy. Why is this antidote not working in Russia? # ⚓ Hong_Kong_pro-democracy_news_site_closes_after_raid, arrests⠀⇛ A vocal pro-democracy website in Hong Kong shut down Wednesday after police raided its office and arrested six current and former editors and board members in a continuing crackdown on dissent in the semi-autonomous Chinese city. Stand News said in a statement that its website and social media are no longer being updated and will be taken down. It said all employees have been dismissed. The outlet was one of the last remaining openly critical voices in Hong Kong following the shuttering of the Apple Daily newspaper, which closed after its publisher, Jimmy Lai, and top editors were arrested and its assets frozen. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_We’re_Talking_About_Power—Who_Has_It_and_Who_Gets Kicked_in_the_Face_by_It⠀⇛ In 1971, Susan DeMarco, Susan Sechler and I teamed up in a Washington-based public interest group (rather wonkily named Agribusiness Accountability Project) to launch a muckraking foray into the little-examined, multibillion-dollar labyrinth of America’s farm and food policies. But other progressive activists back then were bewildered by us. They were all working on big, high-profile issues like ending the Vietnam War and urban poverty. So, they asked, why were we talking about tomatoes, land-grant colleges, Earl Butz and such arcane concepts as oligopolies? # ⚓ Say_Their_Names⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Worried_Do_We_Need_to_Be?⠀⇛ In “America is now in fascism’s legal phase,” Guardian, December 22, 2021, Jason Stanley delineates the march toward fascism in the US that is apparent today. The militarism of the police, the mobilization against the Black community, the attacks against women, the far-right move of all three branches of the federal government, with Trump and other fascists in its midst, and the attacks against those who speak out and protest against all the deadly mayhem of the right and mayhem of this government are targets. The January 6, 2021 insurrection in Washington, D.C., was anything but a dress rehearsal of the worst element of fascist aggression. It is foolish to keep one’s head in the sand while this system of government tumbles. To trust the three branches of the federal government, and some state and local governments to protect our rights and dignity, is a chimera. It can happen here, as it did in Germany and Italy prior to World War II. Sinclair Lewis got it right many decades ago in It Can’t Happen Here (1935)! The attacks against the right to vote and the attacks and minimizing of those on the left are of special importance. White supremacy is clearly on the rise and their targets are people of color and those who make credible indictments of these systems of government. The attacks on teaching of Black history and the right of people of color to vote in many states is more of the dress rehearsal of fascism. Indeed, the stage is being set for fewer people to vote in both 2022 and 2024 to usher in fascists at the local, state, and national levels of government. Besides voting, the right is turning the gerrymander into a national cause célèbre where it can get away with it, it being stealing elections and allowing for the rise of the far right both in the offices of government and on the streets. The right, and especially right-wing media, already demonized leftists on the streets, screaming that the anti- fascists are to blame for insurrectionist violence. Look to the attacks against the Black Lives Matter movement and the blocks to access of left writing on the Internet. Books are banned in schools. The right attacks teaching about the history of racism in the US. # ⚓ Historians_Warn_the_GOP_Is_Pushing_Nation_Toward_Trump- Based_Authoritarianism⠀⇛ # ⚓ Oklahoma_Republican_Wants_to_Deputize_Private_Citizens_to Sue_School_Districts⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Madness’:_Oklahoma_Bill_Would_Empower_Parents_to_Remove Books_From_School_Libraries⠀⇛ A bill proposed by a Republican state senator in Oklahoma would empower parents to have books that discuss gender identity removed from public school libraries—a measure that rights advocates warned could have life-threatening consequences for LGBTQ+ children across the state. Under Senate Bill 1142, introduced earlier this month by state Sen. Rob Standridge, just one parent would have to object to a book that includes discussion of “sexual perversion, sex-based classifications, sexual identity, or gender identity” and other related themes in order to begin the process of removal. # ⚓ The_Fierce_Love_of_the_Rev._Dr._Jacqui_Lewis⠀⇛ It’s that time of year when we all need a little strength. Elections, holidays, the change of the season, we need fortitude to get through it. The Rev. Dr. Jacqui Lewis would say that we need fierce love too, and she knows about resilience. A year ago, her church burned down, a church that had already been through its own history of near-death experiences. Lewis is senior minister of Middle Collegiate Church in Manhattan’s East Village. In her latest book, Fierce Love: A Bold Path to Ferocious Courage and Rule-Breaking Kindness That Can Heal the World, she weaves together autobiographical anecdotes with theological reflections and practical tools to show what underlies and inspires change. # ⚓ Where_Are_Black_Parents’_Voices_on_Critical_Race_Theory?⠀⇛ According to a poll published in September, a staggering 83 percent of parents support the teaching of “critical race theory” in schools. Or to be more specific—because they are never granted modifier-free descriptors, as their white peers are—83 percent of Black parents are in favor of CRT in their children’s schools. In a USA Today/Ipsos poll, 71 percent of Asian parents and roughly 60 percent of Hispanic parents said CRT should be part of the curriculum in their children’s schools. A Fox News survey conducted in Virginia—the state that is home to the Loudoun County School District, where some of the most visible battles over CRT have taken place—revealed that among Black parents with more than a passing familiarity with CRT, more than twice as many approved of it as opposed it. These polls didn’t specify to parents that critical race theory is a 40-year-old legal framework for analyzing the ways racism is embedded in American institutions, not a lesson plan that’s actually used in K-12 classrooms today. But we can assume that those parents regard CRT as a concept that includes the study of slavery and anti-Black racism and support teaching those topics in our schools. In a small poll of parents of New York City schoolchildren, a group that is more than 80 percent people of color, over three-quarters of respondents supported the idea that students should learn about the “damages of white supremacy,” while 79 percent supported teaching about the Black Lives Matter movement. # ⚓ Accused_of_Refusing_Aid_to_Disabled_Kids,_a_State_Agency Responded_—_by_Hiring_a_PR_Firm⠀⇛ Dan Bookhout was accustomed to fighting over almost everything in his dealings with Florida’s Birth- Related Neurological Injury Compensation Association, the program underwriting care for his severely disabled daughter, Arwen. The program’s “no, no, no culture,” he said, was “exhausting.” So Bookhout thought it seemed “fishy” when administrators offered, without a fight, to buy or lease a nearly $30,000 robotic device to help his then-5-year-old walk. And when administrators asked for his help to promote the device to other parents. # ⚓ Let’s_Talk_About_How_the_Media_Covers_Gaza⠀⇛ This has been quite a year for Palestine. What started as one neighborhood’s rallying cry against dispossession translated into a unity uprising that situated the Palestinian cause at the center of the international news cycle. For a brief yet unprecedented moment, decades-old Palestinian analysis about Israeli settler-colonialism triggered worldwide epiphanies and gave language to the usual out-of-context photographs of weeping Palestinian mothers and razed buildings. Journalists challenged sanitized state language and called ethnic cleansing by its name. Newspapers ran articles about Israeli war crimes inside the besieged Gaza Strip and plastered photos of murdered Palestinian children on their front pages. TV channels showed the Israeli military dropping bombs that reduced residential and media towers to rubble. Social media networks exploded with images of Palestinians—dead and alive—pulled from under the wreck. And, to a certain degree, Palestinian voices steered the global conversation. # ⚓ Poet_Martín_Espada_on_“Floaters,”_the_Dehumanization_of Refugees,_Puerto_Rico_&_His_Father⠀⇛ Acclaimed poet Martín Espada recently won the National Book Award for Poetry for his anthology “Floaters.” He became just the third Latinx poet to win the award. “Floaters” is titled after the photo of the Salvadoran father and daughter who drowned in the Rio Grande in June 2019 trying to cross into the United States, one that sparked outrage at the humanitarian crisis at the U.S. southern border. Espada discusses U.S. immigration policy and reads the poem “Letter to My Father: October 2017,” which looks back at his father’s native Puerto Rico. # ⚓ Guilty:_Epstein_Recruiter_Ghislaine_Maxwell_Convicted_of Child_Sex_Trafficking,_Conspiracy⠀⇛ A New York jury on Wednesday found British socialite Ghislaine Maxwell guilty of child sex trafficking and four other counts in connection with her procurement and grooming of minors to be abused by her close friend, the late financier Jeffrey Epstein. “The verdict screams loud and clear—if you make it easier for another to sexually abuse children, you, too, will be held accountable for your role in that abuse.” # ⚓ Remembering_Desmond_Tutu’s_Gospel_of_Peace⠀⇛ Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who died on Sunday at age 90, had a genius for speaking truths that the powerful tried to avoid hearing. When he delivered his 1984 Nobel Lecture, for instance, it was understood that the Anglican priest would condemn the apartheid system that codified racial hatred and violence in his homeland of South Africa—and similar systems of racial, social, and economic injustice globally. But Tutu didn’t stop there. He seized the platform to decry the international military-industrial complex that extended from, underpinned, and maintained that injustice. # ⚓ Billionaires_Should_Not_Exist_—_Here’s_Why⠀⇛ In a fair society, there would be no billionaires. Bernie Sanders says they shouldn’t exist and Elizabeth Warren sells mugs of their tears. I’m talking about billionaires and making the case that an economic system that allows them is immoral. We have arrived at an obscene inequality crisis, in which wealth is concentrated in the hands of a powerful few, at the cost of crippling hardship, precarity, and compromised well-being for the many. When a single billionaire can accumulate more money in 10 seconds than their employees make in one year, while workers struggle to meet the basic cost of rent and medicine, then yes, every billionaire really is a policy failure. Here’s why. # ⚓ Father_of_teen_shot_by_US_police_demands_jail_terms⠀⇛ The father of teenager accidentally shot dead by US police in a department store, demanded jail time Tuesday for the officers involved in her killing. The death of 14-year-old Valentina Orellana-Peralta is the latest at the hands of law enforcement in a country where guns abound and police readily resort to deadly force. [...] There is no official national record of fatal shootings by US police officers, and reporting of incidents by police departments is voluntary. # ⚓ Union_Busting_-What_is_it_and_why_you_should_care⠀⇛ The last two years where pretty darn terrible, but one of the things that provided hope was a growing solidarity between workers. Sadly this was also met with enormous repression. In this talk I want to show why we need unions and how we’re prevented from getting them. # ⚓ The_Bill_for_My_Homelessness_Was_$54,000⠀⇛ Which brings me back to my point: How are we as a society going to make it right going forward for those who have been homeless if we do not recognize the harm inflicted on them in the past? # ⚓ A_young_Afghan_woman_on_breaking_free_of_the_burqa⠀⇛ As a new veil descends over Afghan women’s rights, and women in all parts of the country are forced to stay behind closed doors, I feel the same suffocation I did as a teenager beneath the thick, scratchy fabric of the dark burqa. It feels as if the whole of Afghanistan wears that heavy burqa which I hated so much, and that, underneath it, all Afghan women are choking. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ House_Republicans_Don’t_Want_Infrastructure_Money_Going Toward_Broadband_Competition⠀⇛ For years the broadband industry has successfully convinced the U.S. government to remain fixated exclusively on broadband coverage gaps, not the overall lack of broadband competition. That’s in part because they’ve known for decades that substandard maps mean policymakers have never really known which areas lack or need access. That’s helped create an ecosystem where we throw billions upon billions of dollars in tax breaks and subsidies at regional monopolies every year, in exchange for broadband networks that are routinely half-completed. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ China_to_tighten_copyright_protection_in_livestreaming, ecommerce_platforms_by_2025⠀⇛ China will improve copyright protection livestreaming, ecommerce and sports events by 2025, the country’s copyright regulator said on Wednesday. Copyright protection will be strengthened and improved in new industries and new areas, according to the 14th Five-Year Plan for Copyright Work issued by the National Copyright Administration. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Artificial_Intelligence_as_an_Inventor_on_Patents_– The_Global_Divide_and_the_Path_Forward [Ed: Gross mis- framing of the issue at hand using buzzwords like "Hey Hi"; what's at stake here is some provocateur trying to claim that any junk produced by some computer program can be monopolised, as it that will "reward" the program]⠀⇛ DABUS (Device for the Autonomous Bootstrapping of Unified Sentience) is an artificial intelligence (AI) system created by Dr. Stephen Thaler. It reportedly conceived two separate inventions without any human intervention and therefore, was designated as an inventor on patent applications related to those inventions. The idea of assigning inventorship to an AI- machine not only brought new legal challenges but also left the global intellectual property (IP) community divided regarding whether an AI-machine can/should be allowed to be named as an inventor on patents related to AI-created inventions. # ⚓ Leahy_Tells_Justices_Apple-Qualcomm_Ruling_Threatens AIA⠀⇛ The Federal Circuit’s refusal to let Apple appeal its Patent Trial and Appeal Board loss against Qualcomm because it had a temporary license to the challenged patents is a “red flag” that the U.S. Supreme Court must address, according to Sen. Patrick Leahy and Rep. Darrell Issa. The Democratic senator from Vermont and Republican representative from California on Monday said in an amicus brief Monday the Federal Circuit is undermining the Leahy- Smith America Invents Act — which they both sponsored — by taking away Apple’s ability to appeal inter partes review decisions upholding Qualcomm’s patents, especially as Apple has been accused… # ⚓ Will_the_New_Year_bring_the_rule_of_law_to_the_EPO? [Ed: Miquel Montañá (Clifford Chance) hopes for too much in one year? The EPO devolved into what one_can only_conclude_is_“organised_crime” disguised as legitimate activity for money extraction. Miquel Montañá then goes on to stating lies and spouting out loaded statements about the UPC as if it will exist. This is an_old_tactic_of_Team_UPC.]⠀⇛ According to article 1 of the European Patent Convention (EPC), “a system of law, common to Contracting States for the grant of patents for inventions is established by this Convention.” So, at first glance, it would appear that the European Patent Organisation was meant to be an International Institution governed by the rule of law. In particular, by the text of the EPC and by the provisions of the Implementing Regulations which, according to article 164, form part of the EPC. However, as is well known, over the years, the need to address practical matters has led the organs of the European Patent Organisation to use some instruments that have placed it at some distance from the rule of law. One such instrument is the “Communications from the President of the European Patent Office (EPO). For example, on 13 May 1992, the President of the EPO, for the purpose of reducing the workload of the Spanish Patent Office, published a “Communication” “strongly encouraging” applicants, in the case of patents affected by Spain’s Reservation excluding the patentability of pharmaceutical products until 7 October 1992, to file a separate set of claims for Spain. Here we have an organ of the European Patent Organisation (the president of the EPO) prompting a result explicitly prohibited by article 118 of the EPC: the grant of a European patent with a text not identical for all Contracting States. Article 167 (Reservations) did not allow the EPC to deviate from that principle. What article 167 stated was that, if a European patent whose text had to be identical in all Contracting States (article 118) protected the chemical or pharmaceutical product as such, then that patent could be revoked or would have no effect in Spain. Readers will not find any article of the EPC stating that a European patent may have a non-identical text in the Contracting States that made a Reservation under article 167. # ⚓ KOL369_|_Soho_Forum_IP_Debate_Post-Mortem_with_Greg Morin⠀⇛ Whereupon I do the rare original episode. In November I debated Richard Epstein in New York, at the Soho Forum, on intellectual property (patent and copyright). [...] Patent and Copyright Law Should Be Abolished # ⚓ The_DABUS_saga_continued… [Ed: Patent fanatics and profiteers still unable to see that patent offices are provoked, courts trolled, and the system as a whole infiltrated by people who actively work to undermine innovation, equipped with buzzwords like "Hey Hi"]⠀⇛ Just a few days before Holidays season, the Legal Board of Appeal announced its ruling in the cases J 8/20 and J 9/20, thus confirming the decisions of the Receiving Section of the European Patent Office, both of which has refused the DABUS applications EP 18 275 163 and EP 18 275 174. These well-known applications designated an artificial intelligence system as the inventor. The applicant argued in the application that inventions had been autonomously created by DABUS. In order to provide for all alternative scenarios in respect of AI innovation, the applicant submitted an auxiliary request according to which a natural person was indicated to have “the right to the European Patent by virtue of being the owner and creator of” the artificial intelligence system DABUS. The Board of Appeal also rejected this request. [...] The DABUS patent applications have been submitted in several jurisdictions, contextualizing the debate on the patentability of AI-originating inventions within the patent registration process in various jurisdictions. To read more on previous stages of this saga, see the IPKat posts here, hereand here.. With the exception of South Africa, which granted the DABUS application, and Australia, which provided that the rights to the DABUS patent could be assigned to Dr Thaler, UK, US and EPO have all refused the patent applications. As AI-originating innovations are sure to stay, the question remains: Will the patent system ultimately have to adjust? We look forward to reading the ruling of the Board of Appeal in its entirity. # ⚓ WHO_Chief_Decries_‘Moral_Shame’_of_Vaccine_Apartheid Amid_Omicron_‘Tsunami’⠀⇛ With the new year approaching, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus warned Wednesday that the end of the coronavirus pandemic will remain out of reach as long as low-income countries are denied the ability to widely vaccinate their populations. Tedros lamented during his weekly press conference that 92 out of 194 WHO member nations are set to miss the 40% end-of-year vaccination target established by the international agency due to “a combination of limited supply going to low-income countries” and donated vaccine doses arriving “close to expiry and without key parts—like the syringes!” # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ [Guest_post]_Universal_Copyright_Convention_–_RIP [Ed: WIPO continues to blackmail the whole world into succumbing to the will of Western oligarchs by rewriting laws and accepting “legalised” colonialism]⠀⇛ December 9, 2021, WIPO announced that the Kingdom of Cambodia has joined the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, with effect from March 9, 2022. This is, of course, very important for the creative communities of Cambodia. Internationally, it may not be a major event, since a very high number of countries have already ratified or adhered to the Convention. With the joining of Cambodia, the number of Member States of the Berne Union has reached 180. There is, however, a broader significance of that adherence, namely the final obsolescence of the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC). The UCC was originally adopted in Geneva in 1951 and later revised in Paris in 1971. It was originally adopted in response to the problem that a significant number of countries, not least in the Americas, considered the demands for protection under the Berne Convention too strict. For the USA, for example, the prohibition against formalities as precondition for protection were not compatible with the system that applied under her national law. It foresaw both registration of the work at the Copyright Office, deposit of copies, attachment of a copyright claim (© [year of first publication] by [name of owner of rights]), and, in certain cases, manufacture of the copies within the country. Instead, international protection of works originating in the USA was obtained in various ways: through bilateral agreements; by means of “backdoor protection” where works were first or simultaneously published in Berne Union countries; and through multilateral conventions. In particular, a string of regional copyright conventions were adopted and revised along the way in the Americas, including in particular the 1910 Buenos Aires Convention (the Panamerican Copyright Conventions). # ⚓ U.S._Court_Denies_Access_to_Defendant’s_Hard_Drive_in Online_Piracy_Case⠀⇛ Adult content producer Strike 3 Holdings wants an alleged movie pirate to share a copy of his hard drive and cloud hosting accounts. This evidence is crucial to proving the copyright infringements, the company argued. The court agreed that the data is important but put the privacy rights of the defendant first. # ⚓ MPA/ACE:_Dozens_More_Pirate_IPTV_&_Streaming_Domains In_The_Crosshairs⠀⇛ Two new DMCA subpoena applications filed by the Motion Picture Association and anti- piracy partner ACE reveal that as 2021 comes to a close, dozens more domains connected to illegal streaming sites and pirate IPTV providers may soon experience legal troubles. # ⚓ The_Copyright_Industry_Wants_Everything_Filtered_As It_Is_Uploaded;_Here’s_Why_That_Will_Be_A_Disaster⠀⇛ The history of copyright can be seen as one of increasing control by companies over what ordinary people can do with material created by others. For the online world, the endgame is where copyright holders get to check and approve every single file that is uploaded, with the power to block anything they regard as infringing. That digital dystopia moved much closer two years ago, with the passage of the EU Copyright Directive. At the heart of the Directive lies precisely these kind of upload filters – even though the legislation’s supporters insisted that they would not be needed. When the law was safely passed – despite voting issues – only then did they admit that upload filters would indeed be required. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5931 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.30.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_30/12/2021:_Raspberry_Digital_Signage_17.0_and_OpenRGB_0.7⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:28 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Cheap_or_free_ways_to_make_your_old_PC_faster_|_PCWorld⠀⇛ Sometimes it’s just not worth putting new hardware into an old PC. But that doesn’t make it useless! If you still need to use your aging laptop or desktop as an day-to-day actual computer, installing an operating system with a lighter footprint than Windows can help you eke more life out of an aging PC. Linux tends to run better than Windows on less potent hardware. In fact, several Linux variants are specifically designed with ultra-minimalist requirements so they’re able to run on old PCs—Puppy Linux, LXLE, and Lubuntu come to mind immediately. The transition from Windows to Linux isn’t as rough as it used to be, but you’ll still want to check out our beginner’s guide to Linux, including the software recommendations on the last page. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Nitrux_1.8.0_overview_|_#YourNextOS_—_A_Linux_for_Everyone –_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of Nitrux 1.8.0 and some of the applications pre- installed. # ⚓ BSDNow_Year_End_Interview⠀⇛ In this last episode of 2021, we interview Solene from OpenBSD. She’s blogging about her experiences with OpenBSD on dataswamp.org, the webzine she created, how she got involved and other topics. Enjoy and best wishes for 2022! # ⚓ Resetting_OpenSSH_Host_Keys_(the_easy_method)_–_Invidious⠀⇛ When creating a deployment image or template for distributing Linux to devices or servers, it’s a good idea to make sure that you reset the host keys for SSH. In this video, I’ll show you an easy method I found for automating this. # ⚓ Taking_a_Look_at_the_Upcoming_Linux_Mint_20.3_‘Una’_Before 2021_Ends_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Happy new year folks! It’s not 2022 yet but we wanted to end 2021 on a higher note and hence this video. Linux Mint 20.3 should be releasing soon but you don’t have to wait for the final release to see what’s new in it. Let us do that for you in this video. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Mesa’s_RADV_Vulkan_Driver_Holds_A_Narrowing_Lead_Over AMDVLK_With_Ubuntu_21.10_On_Wayland⠀⇛ AMD this week released AMDVLK 2021.Q4.3 as their last open-source Vulkan driver version of the year and with it came finally fixing the poor performance seen by that driver when running under Wayland such as with Ubuntu 21.04 and newer. Indeed, my tests have confirmed the AMDVLK performance now being in far better shape under Wayland, but is it enough to better compete now with Mesa’s RADV alternative Vulkan driver? Here are fresh benchmarks. This week’s AMDVLK 2021.Q4.3 release does work much better now such as with Ubuntu 21.10 where GNOME on Wayland is used by default. It’s a huge improvement for running AMDVLK on Wayland compositors and good news ahead of the all-important Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. # ⚓ Collabora_exposes_the_status_of_Wayland’s_support_for Wine⠀⇛ Collaborate has been working for months on the development of a driver that allows Wine work natively in Wayland, a goal that is unlikely to be achieved by seeing Alexandre Julliard’s skepticism. Wayland is a graphical protocol that promises to root out Xorg’s unsolvable problems like security and tearing, in addition to providing a simplification of the graphic stack that is already leading to lower energy consumption. However, it has the disadvantage of being difficult to implement, an obstacle that is the second time that Wine has tried to overcome. Yes, you read correctly. The Collabora initiative is the second attempt to provide Wine with native Wayland support. Alexandre Julliard, Head of Wine and a senior person at CodeWeavers, said he started writing a driver years ago, but its development stalled when it happened. “Realized that there was essentially no way to do decent window management, and that the best we could do would be the equivalent of X11 desktop mode, where we manage the windows ourselves. I do not have the impression that the situation has improved in all that time, nor that there is interest in improving it “. # ⚓ Better_AMD_Radeon_VCE_Video_Encode_Performance_Coming To_Linux_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ With a few lines of changed code updating some parameters, AMD Radeon graphics processors having the VCE video encoder block will be able to enjoy better performance. With a pending merge request to Mesa, AMD is updating the default motion estimation parameters to the Gallium3D video acceleration encode front-end. These updated values in turn should improve video encoding performance of H.264 with AMD Radeon GPUs having the VCE block. The MR is under review but presumably will be merged still in time for Mesa 22.0. AMD’s VCE 1.0 block premiered with Radeon HD 7000 series GPUs as well as Trinity/Richland APUs back in the day. VCE continued to be improved upon and the latest iteration was worked into Vega-based GPUs. But since Navi or Raven/ Picasso on the APU front is now Video Core Next (VCN) as the successor to VCE. # ⚓ RadeonSI_Gallium3D_Driver_Adds_Sparse_Texture_Support For_GFX9/Vega_&_Newer_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ As one of the last major feature changes heading into Mesa Git this calendar year, RadeonSI Gallium3D as the open-source OpenGL driver for modern AMD Radeon GPUs there is now sparse texture support. ARB_sparse_texture is now implemented in Mesa 22.0-devel for RadeonSI with GFX9/Vega and newer graphics processors. Sparse textures frees up the mandate that all textures are physically-backed in vRAM and allows for texture paging / on-demand loading of texture assets and other flexibility not otherwise permitted with OpenGL. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Laptops_have_more_autonomy_with_Wayland_than_with_Xorg_– itsfoss.net⠀⇛ Despite the great legion of detractors it has Wayland, versus Xorg brings things like greater fluidity with graphics, puts an end to the tearing by design and is capable of extend the autonomy of notebooks. The latter has recently been demonstrated by Michael Larabel, Phoronix boss and lead developer of the benchmarking test suite of the same name, who has compared the performance and power consumption of Xorg and Wayland on both GNOME What KDE Plasma. Regarding the performance, we are not going to delve into it because it is not the main topic of this entry, although to summarize, we can say that the trend continues when it comes to having a similar performance with Wayland and Xorg. However, in KDE Plasma it is detected that the Wayland session gets lost by an appreciable difference in some cases, while in GNOME the results are more consistent between the two graphical “servers” and Wayland is better off (GNOME has been in the two comparisons, while KDE only in one). To make what we’re saying more clearly, let’s take the two most obvious examples, spanning the performance tests that Unvanquished and Warsaw have run on. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenRGB_0.7_Released_With_Many_More_Devices_Supported, Improved_Settings_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ OpenRGB 0.7 is out as the newest feature release for this vendor-independent software that provides for RGB lighting controls for many different devices/brands and works across Linux / macOS / Windows. OpenRGB 0.7 improves the RGB lighting ecosystem by supporting devices cross-vendor and also enabling RGB controls for Linux where many vendors provide no official support. OpenRGB supports a growing number of devices from many different vendors to vastly improve the RGB lighting ecosystem with “one app to rule them all” when it comes to lighting. # ⚓ release_0.7_·_Adam_Honse_/_OpenRGB_·_GitLab⠀⇛ # ⚓ OpenRGB_0.7_Released_with_Improved_Plugin_Architecture⠀⇛ The OpenRGB project announced today the release of OpenRGB 0.7 which improve the user experience, as well as the addition of support for more devices. For those who are unfamiliar with OpenRGB, it’s a cross-platform open-source app designed to auto- detect and display supported RGB-enabled devices, allowing you to control them from a centralized interface. Many gaming machines are equipped with RGB lighting with numerous options. OpenRGB is designed to help users make the most out of their RGB-enabled devices such as motherboards, RAM modules, graphics cards, LED strips and fan controllers, as well as coolers, keyboards, and mice. # ⚓ darktable_3.8_brings_new_keyboard_shortcuts_and_improved blurs⠀⇛ The developers of darktable They have decided to take advantage of Christmas to publish version 3.8 of this popular RAW image editor. As is usual with each new launch of this application, we find a large number of news that we will try to summarize in this post. The first thing that has been highlighted from darktable 3.8 is that “the keyboard shortcut system has been redesigned and expanded completely to allow darktable to be controlled with other devices, such as MIDI devices and video game controllers. Standard keyboard or mouse shortcuts can now make use of mouse movements (horizontal, vertical, diagonal), as well as multiple button or key presses and short or long presses or clicks ”. The new diffusion or sharpened module simulates or reverses the diffusion process to reconstruct images from a blurry lens or noise, among other things. This can also be used to simulate watercolor stains, increase local contrast, or apply a surface blur. The new module for blurring related to the scene opens the door to synthesizing movements and blurring of the lens in a parametric and physically precise way, allowing to define the trajectory of the movement or the diaphragm of the lens and then generate the corresponding blur. # ⚓ GNU_direven_5.3⠀⇛ Version 5.3 of direvent is available for download. New in this version: New event: “change” The change event is implemented on GNU/Linux and FreeBSD. This event is delivered when a file was modified and closed. New configuration statement for manipulating the environment The environ statement is now a compound statement. It can contain five kinds of substatements: clear to clear the environment, keep to retain certain variables while clearing the environment, set to set a variable, unset to unset a variable or variables, and eval to evaluate a variable reference for side effects. Both keep and unset can take globbing pattern as their argument, in which case they affect all variables matching that pattern. Arguments to all these statements are subject to variable expansion. The environ block can appear in global context as well. In this case it applies to all watchers. The support for the old one-line environ syntax is retained for backward compatibility. # ⚓ PGPainless_1.0.0_Released!_–_vanitasvitae’s_blog⠀⇛ Close to the end of 2021 I’m excited to announce the release of PGPainless version 1.0.0! After a series of release candidates, it is finally time to party! The OpenPGP library successfully underwent a security audit in late November and I feel like it finally reached a state of sufficient maturity to be worthy of a major release with a “1” at the front. # ⚓ Johnnycanencrypt_0.6.0_released⠀⇛ A few days ago I released 0.6.0 of Johnnycanencrypt. It is a Python module written in Rust for OpenPGP using the amazing sequoia-pgp library. It allows you to access/use Yubikeys (without gpg-agent) directly from your code. This release took almost an year. Though most of the work was done before, but I was not in a state to do a release. # ⚓ Delve_into_electronic_design_automation_with_KiCad_– itsfoss.net⠀⇛ Today we are going to enter a field that is not usually the protagonist in itsfoss.net, that of the electronic design automation, and we are going to do it, of course, presenting the news of the latest version of a free software suite (GPLv3 and MIT licenses) aimed at this need: KiCad 6. Basically, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) refers to software tools geared towards creating projects for the conception and production of electronic systems. To give a specific example, KiCad is one of the toolkits with which the System76 Launch Configurable Keyboard PCB can be opened. Going into details about KiCad 6, it is the first major version to be released since July 2018, when version 5.0 appeared. With such a large amount of time, the developers have been able, in their own words, to add “Hundreds of new features and enhancements” and correct “Hundreds of errors”. We imagine that they speak in cumulative terms. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_pgAdmin_4_on_Fedora_35_–_idroot⠀⇛ know, pgAdmin is an open-source, powerful, and feature-rich graphical user interface (GUI) administration and management tool for the PostgreSQL database. pgAdmin 4 supports PostgreSQL 9.2 or later, and runs on Unix and its variants such as Linux, Mac OS X as well as Windows operating systems. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Discord on a Fedora 35. # ⚓ How_to_install_the_Pritunl_VPN_server_on_AlmaLinux_– TechRepublic⠀⇛ Pritunl is an open source VPN server you can easily install on your Linux servers to virtualize your private networks. This particular VPN solution offers a well-designed web UI for easy administration and management. All traffic between clients and server is encrypted and the service uses MongoDB, which means it includes support for replication. # ⚓ How_To_Install_RStudio_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install RStudio on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, RStudio is a development environment platform created for developers who are interested in the statistical programming language R. Its mission is to provide a statistical computing environment for R allowing analysis and development for anyone to analyze data with the language. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of RStudio on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Discourse_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_server_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Discourse is an open-source platform for creating an online forum, comment, chat rooms, or mailing list system. In this tutorial, we see the steps to install Discourse on Debian 11 Bullseye using the command terminal. With time, the internet forums have been changed now. They are not anymore with old, monotonous designs. Anyone who has ever used or been a member of phpBB or vBulletin, already understands how forums work and their importance in the internet world. But in the last few years, website operators seem to be far less interested in their forum. However, Discourse finds its way and even gets popular among the community because of the modernization of the forum they are offering with their software. # ⚓ From_start_to_finish:_What_can_you_do_with_a_Linux_server? –_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Linux is one of the most popular (and powerful) operating systems that exist today. Why the Linux loyalty? There are many reasons. For starters, it’s free and open source software that’s stable, secure and flexible. According to the most recent data, 90% of all public clouds run on Linux. And if you’re here, you’ve chosen to take advantage of the operating system too. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Avidemux_2.8.0_via_PPA_in_Ubuntu_20.04, 18.04_&_21.10_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ The Avidemux video editor released version 2.8.0 few days ago. Here’s what’s new and how to install in Ubuntu via PPA. Avidemux 2.8.0 was released on Tuesday with some new features, including ability to convert HDR video to SDR with tone mapping, FFV1 encoder, decoding support for TrueHD audio tracks and WMA9 lossless codec. There are other features, such as temporarily disable active filters in Video Filter Manager and reverse video by exporting selection as JPEG images and loading in reverse order. # ⚓ How_To_Setup_Lazarus/Free_Pascal_Programming_Environment_ (Delphi_Alternative)_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ This tutorial will explain how you can install a full Lazarus/Free Pascal software development kit of on Ubuntu Desktop. Lazarus is a visual programming tool to make graphical user interface applications in drag-and-drop ways and with Free Pascal it is often viewed as a complete Free Software alternative or replacement to Delphi. Now let’s set it up! # ⚓ How_to_back_up_and_restore_a_website_on_Linux_– TechRepublic⠀⇛ Disaster happens. Or, if disaster has yet to strike, you might find yourself in a situation wherein you need to migrate a website from one server or host to another. When either thing happens, what do you do? Panic? No. You follow through with your backup and restore plan. You have one, right? No? Okay, let’s fix that. # ⚓ How_to_Lock_Keyboard_on_Linux_&_Windows_–_TREND_OCEANS⠀⇛ Have a pet who loves to mess with a keyboard like a playground? Actually, they love to write their love story! Aha, by bad. To be honest, we all are in the same circumstances, or some ignorant who do not belong to computer line, especially kids, love to finger in keyboard button. That’s how I found a tool that can disable/ lock the keyboard’s working whenever pressing the shortcut key in series. Today, you will learn to disable/lock the keyboard for a temporary on both Linux and Windows systems. # ⚓ How_To_Secure_FTP_Server_With_SSL/TLS_In_Rocky_Linux_| LinuxTeck⠀⇛ In this article, we will demonstrate how to configure a Secure FTP server (vsftpd) using SSL/ TLS encryption. Traditional FTP services are not very secure and vulnerable because the credentials are transmitted in clear text, which is prone to crackdowns and many types of attacks like brute force. The majority of applications these days come with a security feature that can be used to set up a secure FTP server. Consider encrypting data between the Server and Client with FTPS (FTP Secure) in conjunction with SSL/TLS. SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is another way of securing data transmission. SFTP was developed as an extension of SSH, and it can also be used with other security protocols. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Reviewing_The_Top_7_Linux_Gaming_Predictions_for_2021_– Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ We had compiled the following top 7 Linux Gaming predictions for 2021 back in February. It’s now the very end of 2021 so let’s see how the predictions did! [...] While the market share gains (on Steam) where modest, they seem to be real as the share has crossed the bar of 1% for several months now – and is at 1.16% in November. We typically claim that watching the little ups and down on a single month is kind of meaningless, but a persistent trend over 5, 6 months, certainly means something. We can also assume that the gains will be more consistent as the Steam Deck releases in 2022. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Maui_Shell_is_a_convergent_shell_for_Linux_on desktops,_phones,_and_tablets_–_OSnews⠀⇛ I’ve been keeping an eye on MauiKit for a while now, and over Christmas, they surprised us with their brand new convergent desktop environment – Maui Shell – targeted at both desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. After developing a whole set of applications, as well as a Linux distribution to use them, their next step is now a complete desktop environment. # ⚓ Maui_Shell_is_a_converged_desktop_debuting_in_Nitrux 1.8⠀⇛ One of the most interesting things about Nitrux as a project is Maui, a framework built with the technology of KDE and Kirigami that lays the foundations to facilitate the creation of converged applications for Linux, Windows, macOS, Android and iOS. More recently, Nitrux managers have wanted to go one step further with Maui Shell, a converged desktop shell capable of adapting to mobiles and desktops. Those responsible have explained that “the objective of Maui Shell is to implement a converged desktop shell with different form factors, from mobile phones and tablets to desktop computers. Maui Shell will accommodate multiple form factors and there is no need for multiple versions to target different form factors.“. # ⚓ Maui_Shell_is_Here,_Ushering_in_a_New_Era_of_Desktop Linux_–_It’s_FOSS_News⠀⇛ Over the past few years, it has been extremely exciting to see the team behind Nitrux Linux expand their influence on the Linux community. Now, this influence is set to expand even further with their brand-new Maui Shell. Let’s take a look at it! # ⚓ PDF_Quirk_Version_Update_|_Dragotin’s_Blog⠀⇛ PDF Quirk is a little desktop utility to create PDF files from images, targeted to non nerdy desktop users. Sending PDFs is (still) often a requirement in offices where people are asked to transfer PDF files via email, or better by pushing them through their private ownCloud. The source images can either be loaded from file, or directly scanned with an hardware scanner. For that, PDF Quirk utilizes the tool scanimage from the SANE Projekt, to avoid reinventing the wheel. Configured once, that works like a charm. Having scanned or picked the source images, they can be deskewed, turned and rearranged, and finally converted to a good quality PDF file with reasonable file size. # ⚓ kjournald_v0.0.3⠀⇛ Since the weather was not very inviting for much activities during the x-mas to new- year’s vacation, I used the time to tie together a new tech preview update of kjournald. Apart from a very few changes in the library part of kjournald, i.e. the model/view filter logic that provides simplified access to journald databases, the main focus was on providing a better user experience for the kjournald-browser application. kjournald-browser is a reference implementation of the library API and is supposed to show what is possible with the library and also to help in iron-out problems in the API itself. The most visual new changes are… # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ #24_Future_of_Files_·_This_Week_in_GNOME⠀⇛ Update on what happened across the GNOME project in the last two weeks from December 17 to December 30. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry_Digital_Signage_17.0_released_–_Binary Emotions⠀⇛ Raspberry Digital Signage is an operating system designed for digital signage installations on the Raspberry Pi: it displays a full-screen browser view restricted to a specified resource. It shows web resources from Internet, local network or local folders (so you can use the Pi itself as the source webserver). Raspberry Digital Signage comes with the latest Chromium builds (featuring HTML5 capabilities), so you can display more attractive resources, more easily. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ 12_inspiring_examples_of_open_source_in_education this_year_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ Open source has a learning solution for you no matter where you are on the education continuum. This year our writers provided readers with a wide variety of articles that spanned that spectrum from PreK-12 to higher education. Here are 12 you won’t want to miss: # ⚓ 10_storage_guides_for_sysadmins_heading_into_2022_| Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ As a sysadmin, nothing is more nerve-wracking than a big data migration, and today’s storage technologies have come so far that the process can be complicated. I can certainly remember long nights of storage appliance migrations—or even worse, data recoveries—during my days as a sysadmin. Enable Sysadmin’s top storage articles of 2021 are packed with advice. If you’re looking for information about resizing logical volumes, Shehu Awwal has a great article, “How to resize a logical volume with 5 simple LVM commands.” What’s the difference between NVMe and M.2? Take a look at Tyler Carrigan’s article. Are you moving data around with rsync or FTP? Check out articles from Steve Newsted, Glen Newell, Anthony Critelli, and Tyler. Or maybe backups, encryption, or compression are what you’re looking for. Saksham Lamba and Ken Hess have that space covered. You can find links to all of these articles (and more) below. # ⚓ Our_top_10_articles_of_2021_for_IT_leaders_|_The Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ IT leaders learn new tech terms every year, but in 2021, they learned a new management term: Hybrid work. This way of working combines office and remote work. As Jordan Peace wrote in one of our top 10 articles of 2021, “Hybrid work presents some unique challenges for employers: How do you run a meeting when half the team is clustered in a conference room while the others are on Zoom? How do you foster collaboration when some employees may never see each other in person and others are together multiple times per week? And how do you extend the less- obvious benefits of an in-person office — social connection, a shared context with coworkers, and office perks — to those who choose to work from home?” # ⚓ IT_careers:_3_misconceptions_that_hold_people_back_| The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Today’s talent market is experiencing some significant growing pains. We’re witnessing a structural realignment of what it means to work and what careers can look like, with employers and candidates each offering their own unique take on the subject. While the specifics vary across industry, experience, and education level, the greatest opportunity for talent re-examination exists within fields that have suffered from longstanding mistaken beliefs. IT is a prime example. Reinforced by decades of standard operating procedure and rigid widespread processes, building an IT career has often seemed to mean resigning oneself to one of several predetermined paths. However, today’s unique market conditions are upending traditional workplace assumptions, and now is the time for IT professionals to shed their hindering beliefs and embrace new possibilities. # ⚓ systemd_250_improves_credential_support_and_makes_it easier_to_migrate_home_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ systemd 250 it is already among us as the new version of init, framework system or system manager that has established itself as one of the most essential components of the Linux ecosystem, starting with most of the most popular distributions. Once again, we find a very large number of changes and news, which, apart from being complex, cover many areas. systemd 250 added support for encrypted and authenticated credentials. This can be a key stored in ‘/ var’ or a TPM2 chip in the system whereby the credentials will be decrypted automatically when the corresponding service starts. On the other hand, a tool called ‘systemd-creds’ has been incorporated to manage credentials and that can be used for SSL certificates, passwords and similar data. Specification of GPT partition detection has been extended with support for root (/) and ‘/ usr’ partitions on most systemd supported architectures, while ‘systemd-logind’ has a new setting for long press of the system start, restart and sleep buttons. From now on, if the user wishes, long presses of more than 5 seconds can be configured to logind. # ⚓ Why_AlmaLinux_Is_a_Good_Choice_As_a_Web_Server_OS⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we are going to explain what are the benefits of using AlmaLinux and why it is a good choice as a new web server operating system. AlmaLinux is a free open-source Linux distribution created by CloudLinux to provide community support successor for CentOS Linux. The first stable version of AlmaLinux was released on March 30, 2021. According to the official announcement from CloudLinux, AlmaLinux will be supported until 2029. In the next paragraphs, we are going to explain more about the meaning of AlmaLinux, the beginnings, the supported migrations to AlmaLinux, its pros against the other OS such as CentOS, Ubuntu, Debian, etc. Let’s get started! o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Hidden_Android_12_features_you_got_to_try_on_Pixel_6 –_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_first_Asus_smartphones_are_getting_Android_12 right_now_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_10_Pro_Confirmed_To_Ship_With_12GB_Of_RAM_& Android_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_addresses_a_few_bugs_in_Android_12_w/_new update_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_G50_now_receiving_Android_12_|_Nokiamob⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_Android_Games_of_2021_–_Overboard_–_Droid Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_15_best_Android_games_released_in_2021_–_Android Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Google_TV_is_replacing_Android_TV_–_Dignited⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ OBS_Studio_27.2_Beta_Brings_SVT-AV1_Support,_Official Flatpak_Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ In preparing for an exciting 2022, the OBS Studio open-source software that is popular with game streamers and for other screencasting purposes, is out with its first beta of OBS Studio 27.2. This next update to OBS Studio is bringing some exciting improvements for this leading cross-platform streaming solution. First up, today’s OBS Studio 27.2 Beta 1 release delivers on official Flatpak support for Linux! OBS Studio can now be properly Flatpak’ed for app sandboxing and distribution thanks to the work of well known GNOME developer Georges Stavracas. # § Devices⠀➾ # ⚓ Sipeed_Lichee_RV_RISC-V_module_gets_$5+_carrier_board with_HDMI_and_USB_ports,_optional_WiFi_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Sipeed introduced the Lichee RV Allwinner D1 Linux RISC-V board going for just $17 with 512MB RAM last month. While with a USB-C port it could be used as a standalone part, its dual M.2 connector makes it more like a module and we noted a tiny carrier board was in the works at the time. The baseboard is now available and known as the Lichee RV Dock adding HDMI and USB ports, as well as a 40-pin GPIO header for just $5, or $8 if you’d like to get Wi-Fi 4 and Bluetooth 4.2 connectivity through a Realtek RTL8723DS module. # ⚓ CH583_RISC-V_microcontroller_supports_Bluetooth_5.3 LE_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Following up on the CH572 RISC-V BLE microcontroller with 10KB SRAM, WCH has now introduced the CH583 RISC-V microcontroller with 32KB SRAM, 1 MB flash, and support for the latest Bluetooth 5.3 LE standard. The new microcontroller also offers a wide range of peripherals with two USB host/device interfaces, up to 40 GPIOs, four UART, two SPI, one I2C, up to 14 ADC interfaces, and more. WCH also offers CH581 and CH582 microcontrollers with a different minimum input voltage, less storage (256KB for CH581) and/or peripherals. # ⚓ Indoor_positioning_BU01_development_board_can_detect tiny_body_movements_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ GPS is available for outdoor positioning, what about indoors? There is a positioning technology that is more accurate than GPS: UWB. The technology offers positioning accuracy within 10cm which greatly compensates for the shortcomings of the indoor RSSI positioning of past IoT products. # ⚓ ESP32_Pretends_To_Be_GPU;_Gives_You_A_Ransomware Scare_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ Sometimes a piece of hardware meets a prank idea, and that’s how the fun Hackaday articles are born. [AnotherMaker] shows us some harmless entertainment at the expense of an IT enthusiast in your life – programming an ESP32-powered devboard with a VGA output to show an ever-feared “all your files are encrypted” screen on a monitor connected to it. The ASCII text in its 8-bit glory helps sell this prank, making it look exactly like a BIOS-hijacking piece of malware it claims to be; akin to UIs of the past that skilled hackers would whip up in x86 assembly. The devboard’s integration into a PCI card backplate is a cherry on top, a way to seamlessly integrate this into a PC case, making it look not particularly different from an old graphics card. In such a configuration, we don’t doubt that this would be a head-scratcher to a certain kind of an IT department worker. # ⚓ Some_predictions_for_the_year_ahead [Ed: Takes note of the role of GNU/Linux in robotics]⠀⇛ Robotics processor vendors will increasingly offer Robot Operating System (ROS)-based solutions for hardware acceleration across the entirety of robotics offerings. This should help tackle the problem of system integration and entice developers to adopt more off-the-shelf processors and hardware. Furthermore, the hardware-software optimization will provide a set of benchmarks and standards for the field, which is fairly fragmented at the moment, accelerating the time-to-market. As a total of 45,000 cobots and 452,000 mobile robots are expected to be shipped in 2022, a 65 percent and 51 percent Y-o- Y growth, end users are expected to benefit from the tighter integration. What will not happen in 2022 includes: The democratization of robotics expertise While the emergence of ROS and various robotics startups will offer real advances in the short term, robotics as a whole suffers from a significant shortage in expertise. In the long run, this will have an adverse effect on development and commercialization. Considerable investment in resource- and time-intensive areas requiring experts from different fields is badly needed, but this will not happen anytime soon. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Hacks_Decoded:_Sara_Soueidan,_Award-Winning_UI Design_Engineer_and_Author⠀⇛ Sara Soueidan is an independent Web UI and design engineer, author, speaker, and trainer from Lebanon. Sara has worked with companies around the world, building web user interfaces, designing systems, and creating digital products that focus on responsive design and accessibility. She’s worked with companies like SuperFriendly, Herman Miller, Khan Academy, and has given workshops within companies like Netflix and Telus that focus on building scalable, resilient design. When Sara isn’t offering keynote speeches at conferences (she’s done so a dozen times) she’s writing books like “Codrops CSS Reference” and “Smashing Book 5.” Currently, she’s working on a new course, “Practical Accessibility,” meant to teach devs and designers ways to make their products accessible. In 2015, Sara was voted Developer of the Year in the net awards, and shortlisted for the Outstanding Contribution of the Year award. She also won an O’Reilly Web Platform Award for “exceptional leadership, creativity, and collaboration in the development of JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and the supporting Web ecosystem.” We chatted with Sara about front-end web development, the importance of design and her appreciation of birds. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Introduction_to_MySQL_storage_engines⠀⇛ MySQL is probably the most famous Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). Developed as a free and open source software, it was originally backed by the MYSQL AB company, but is now owned by Oracle. In MySQL the “storage engine” used for a table determines how data is handled. There are several storage engines available, but the most used are InnoDB and MyISAM. In this article we see what are their distinctive features and the main differences between them. # ⚓ Breaking_down_a_small_language_design_proposal⠀⇛ We are developing a new systems programming language. The name is a secret, so we’ll call it xxxx instead. In xxxx, we have a general requirement that all variables must be initialized. This is fine for the simple case, such as “let x: int = 10”. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Open,_Read,_Write_Files_with_Python⠀⇛ Files are an essential part of working with computers, thus using Python to write to and read from a file are basic skills that you need to master. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Trying_out_Fish_–_the_Friendly_Interactive Shell_(the_first_five_years)_–_An_overdue update⠀⇛ There are also some (even) smaller tweaks – but what is important is that even someone like me, who had no formal programming training, is able to tweak and script his way around Fish. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ New_Cars_Will_Nickel-and-Dime_You_–_It’s_Automotive_As_A_Service |_Hackaday [Ed: Techrights_covered_this_recently]⠀⇛ Every few years, someone pushing a startup to investors comes up with an acronym or buzzword which rapidly becomes the new hotness in those circles. One of the most pernicious is “as a Service,” which takes regular things and finds a way to charge you a regular fee to use them. Automotive companies just absolutely loved the sound of this, and the industry is rapidly moving to implement subscription services across the board. Even if there’s hardware in your car for a given feature, you might find you now need to pay a monthly fee to use it. Let’s explore how this came about, and talk about which cars are affected. You might be surprised to find yours already on the list. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Robot_Delivery_to_your_Door⠀⇛ While online shopping was already very popular in South Korea, it has become even more so as people stay home more during the pandemic. Several robotic delivery services have launched around the city, such as 7-Eleven using the Neubie robot by Neubility, the GS25 convenience store using LG’s CLOi ServeBot, and the Baemin food delivery service using the Delidrive robot. # ⚓ 3D_Printed_Model_Roller_Coaster_Accurately_Simulates_The Real_Thing_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ While they don’t give the physical thrill of a real one, model roller coasters are always fun to watch. However, they actually make a poor analog of a full-sized ride, as gravitational force and aerodynamic drag don’t scale down in the same way, model roller coasters usually move way faster than the same design would in the real world. [Jon Mendenhall] fixed this deficiency by designing a model roller coaster that accurately simulates a full-sized ride. The track and cart are all made of 3D printed pieces, which altogether took about 400 hours to print. The main trick to the system’s unique motion is that the cart is motorized: a brushless DC motor moves it along the track using a rack-and-pinion system. This means that technically this model isn’t a roller coaster, since the cart never makes a gravity-powered drop; it’s actually a small rack railway, powered by a lithium-ion battery carried on board the cart. An ESP32 drives the motor, receiving its commands through WiFi, while the complete setup is controlled by a Raspberry Pi that runs the cart through a predetermined sequence. # ⚓ When_A_Ball_Robot_Becomes_Two_Wheels_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ It’s now about six years since Star Wars: The Force Awakens first showed us the little spherical robot BB-8, but it’s fair to say that along the way we’ve not lost our collective fascination for rolling- ball robots. There have been plenty of attempts to make a fully-rolling device, but perhaps [Derek Lieber] has a better take on it by turning a spherical robot into a two-wheeled roller by the addition of a pair of tyres. Inspired by a Samsung prototype that never made it to market, it works by the wheels working against the machine’s low centre of gravity, and using a tilt sensor to control speed. # ⚓ Peering_Into_The_Murky_Depths_Of_Alder_Lake_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ The winds of change are in the air for CPUs. Intel has long lorded over the computing world, and they remain a force to contend with, but many challengers gather at their gates. AMD, ARM, IBM, and other X86 designs sense a moment of weakness. In response, Intel released their Alder Lake platform with high-performance and high-efficiency cores, known as Golden Cove and Gracemont, respectively. [Clamchowder] and [cheese] have written up as many details as they were able to suss out about Gracemont. ARM has done a multi-multi core design (big.LITTLE) for several years where they have a mix of high- power, high-performance cores and smaller, low- power cores. This allows the scheduler to make tradeoffs between power and performance. Typically the smaller cores in an ARM design are simpler in- order processors, having more in common with a microcontroller than with a full-scale desktop core. Many people have made an obvious comparison with the apparent similarities between ARM’s approach and Intel’s new offerings as Gracemont is based on Intel’s old Atom core, a low-power single issue, in-order processor. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (advancecomp, apache-log4j2, postgis, spip, uw-imap, and xorg- server), Mageia (kernel and kernel- linus), Scientific Linux (log4j), and SUSE (kernel-firmware and mariadb). # ⚓ 2021:_New_beginnings_in_digital_security⠀⇛ With our continuing reliance on digital technologies, any rights based work today requires increased focus on cyber security. We are surrounded by threats, bad security practices and vulnerabilities. Here, IFF made a new beginning last year. We conducted our first in-person digital security (digisec) workshop with Anoop Bidikar, concluded our pilot year-long digisec training with Saptak Sengupta, launched Cybersec Charcha, and even made videos in Hindi. We have learned a lot from our successes and failures over 2021. Over this short year-end catch up, we’ll walk you through what we did, our achievements and disappointments, and more importantly what we learned and our path ahead in 2022. Basic digital security workshops Oftentimes, organisations approach us looking for an introduction to digital security and a primer on basic hygiene practices they must follow in their everyday lives. This year we started conducting workshops spanning 1-2 days based on an organisation’s needs. These are basic 2-3 day workshops that give participants an introduction to digital security, seek advice on how they can frame their organisational digital security policies depending on their needs and what they can do in their lives to amp up their personal security. We conducted a total of 8 such workshops in 2021. Our trainers for these workshops this year were Saptak Sengupta, Anoop Bidikar and Shivani Singh. # ⚓ Kubernetes_security_will_have_a_breakout_year in_2022⠀⇛ While it’s come a long way over the past year, Kubernetes security has not yet reached maturity. But judging from the level of investment in 2021 into technologies for securing Kubernetes — the now-dominant container orchestration platform — enterprises can expect major advancements in the area during the coming year. Originally launched as an open source project by Google in 2014 and now under the domain of the Cloud Native Computing Foundation, Kubernetes automates numerous processes involved in the management and deployment of containerized applications. Developers have increasingly gravitated to the platform, which helps to support a modern approach to application development using a microservices architecture. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 7432 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 103 seconds to (re)generate ⟲