𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, March 23, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 24 Mar 02:41:32 GMT 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmX39Uj3zNHXvo6UXgn8MUmiP1s2P2jWstyvLEP12ScWQd QmeoPNJBdBB1zPmJmSvBG32dJf6VC4BkQZF2nzHHVVuvf5 QmT75DVXXmrHYM7c6YzAZqzfx7muo7EEYUX6fN1WwBf9Nb QmdiYGBfC8M4iMZ6yr1JdiNS1NyQVUiifwJG7UhVRPbe67 QmNscHDxFvmbxvDEqfr6zcuFXdDCNeUGnUgEsinsAW5Bi5 QmWj5A9BPN6L7nMrjgkoYNjnbZGohimM91FNkxYhAviCty QmWmgXjX6qkCRFkbpUB7wqzzH3832E7d68SdFuRd8Ljihu QmenaQjMKay4WtcW1q8F5f8dn422GaePUyNj9EwpC1Qt8K Qmeib5xsJPjazHycfVRna3aDnNkGHeuML9KhMk6hoSRgPN QmbARvWXXpsrpvN2KJfYbfLLChGs47XEyhnbqtmdUVunxv QmS1PgXeAzFFBvUoMCQuiwWPZKaGqTxLQq1cv9CcFGgaRd QmVwa8MkmFjRWxxPuQ3riiwsjWwCaqnmn9QXr3tY1SM5we QmUBBiKfB4pj8VFJTBXigvomzXjJA1o2AAkwhjAQe4d5Xu QmeRSCJyWXDqQ2MMcGza1eugPxCGbNZcUDe857baH1LHKx QmUPqrHFRdqGwBx8p2FCLNocU3kbtbteb4MYP57ypavVZB QmYvgv9zmTR2cBLvzpLNvAdsLo7iFFrWKJtu79JkWKTaRZ QmQNiNjPkABhPdvb5wDciDcpwJ6XNWjUQ6er2que9tMRLG QmYTPvdifyTSUV9CuZ5gpuZVC7pHshJvZhZ5niheQb2vzE QmZkDEgYNnUUQtaGwFdmteyZ5W9URPTE1mBXTnYquZ1fsa QmYDUiQWeiJU7WCsdP3xeCnELkr2V2Y9aQVLP4Z8n6efVs QmVmhebNywnTu6B8SmaNwvmpQrK5uGfyPHsAeM383HwKRx ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPO is Banning and Spying, So the Union (SUEPO) Conducts a Staff Survey Externally | Techrights ⦿ GNU Turns 40 Next Year. Here’s Cory Doctorow’s Message to the FSF at 30. | Techrights ⦿ On the Internet, Outsourcing Was All Along a Bubble | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, March 22, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Survey Versus Surveillance | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/epo-external-survey/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/gnu-midlife/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/internet-and-outsourcing/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/irc-log-220322/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/survey-versus-surveillance/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/alpine-3-15-2/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/linux-on-mars-2022/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/microsoft-breaches/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 61 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/epo-external-survey/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/epo-external-survey/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_is_Banning_and_Spying,_So_the_Union_(SUEPO)_Conducts_a_Staff_Survey Externally⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:38 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz The latest: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO external survey⦈ The EPO‘s external survey is needed because of intimidation from the Office and push-polling by António_Campinos; historically, Benoît_Battistelli even crushed people who had ‘dared’ to survey the staff Summary: Staff of the EPO will have a say without the oppressor watching every move and making_lists_of_'enemies' THE EPO’s “official” survey of staff is like a yellow union. It’s designed to make Office affairs seem healthier than they really are. Not so surprisingly, a survey about the Office not controlled by the Office (looking to embellish its own image) is being_conducted [PDF]. It’s opened up to people who aren’t members of the union and it typically shows incredibly low trust rates for management (like 3% for Campinos; it’ll probably be 0% this time around). “Not a single word about the strike. It really hurt the management (damage to credibility), but they’ll never admit it and they’ve managed to convince publishers to keep quiet about it.”Yesterday the EPO was on strike. We imagine that thousands of workers participated, but keeping a count is hard. The message was loud and clear though. Looking at the front page of EPO.org, the management today promotes (warning: epo.org link) the shoddy exam that caused_a lot_of_fury_last_year and was abused by EPO management. They defraud_their_own system. Not a single word about the strike. It really hurt the management (damage to credibility), but they’ll never admit it and they’ve managed to convince publishers to keep quiet about it. The staff survey will help convey the true sentiment of staff and derail_the dictator. The EPO needs a radical change or a shift towards what it used to be. Over a decade of deliberate, systematic violations of the EPC have rendered the EPO an outlaw institution. █ ⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣮⣥⣷⣶⣦⣧⣿⣤⣽⣤⣤⣼⣿⣦⣤⣦⣦⣤⣤⣿⣶⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣮⣢⣷⣷⣥⣼⣷⣦⣦⣧⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣿⣦⣮⣼⣦⣦⣤⣤⣿⣿⣼⣮⣤⣿⣶⣴⣼⣼⣧⣤⣤⣠⣿⣤⣤⣵⣿⣴⣥⣿⣿ ⣏⣴⣕⣱⣇⣑⣱⣷⡕⣿⣪⣪⣶⣗⣝⣑⣨⣿⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣏⣈⣎⣺⣗⣕⣅⣅⣀⣁⢩⣯⣉⡉⣈⣑⣉⣹⣭⣥⣉⣹⣀⣻⣈⣩⣳⣏⢊⣏⣁⣩⣸⣈⣼⣀⣮⣸⣇⣙⣷⣩⣨⣙⣿⣸⣈⣉⣉⣀⣑⣩⣸⣿⣿ ⣇⣸⣨⣏⣉⣿⣉⣩⣉⣍⣏⣈⣉⣁⣹⣉⣁⣇⣉⣿⣝⣩⣹⣀⣉⣹⣉⣙⣩⣋⡩⣹⣉⣏⣈⣉⣯⣉⣃⢍⢻⣋⣉⣿⣙⣹⣏⣉⣏⣁⣉⣉⣻⣷⣉⣽⣉⣉⣉⡉⣁⣉⣈⣹⣋⣯⣉⣯⡝⣭⣽⡭⣹⣏⣫⣉⣿⣿ ⡟⠙⠉⠋⢉⡻⣿⠙⢙⣏⡙⠉⠙⣿⠙⣫⢙⠙⠍⢋⣏⢭⡋⣿⠫⠉⠙⠙⣿⣯⣿⠍⡩⡏⡩⣿⠋⢩⠫⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿⡯⢉⢏⠙⣟⡍⢏⣿⣽⠹⢹⡟⠍⠋⠉⠋⠫⠉⠉⢹⡯⡙⠙⣟⢝⢝⣭⡫⡋⢯⠛⣿⣿ ⡏⠙⠙⠋⣙⠛⠙⠛⢻⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠋⡟⠛⠛⡟⠙⠛⡏⡛⢛⣻⠻⡟⡻⣻⢻⡛⣻⡋⡻⢻⠟⠻⣟⠟⢛⢿⣯⢫⡛⣿⡿⠏⠉⣟⠛⠛⠛⠹⡛⣿⠻⣿⢛⠛⣻⡿⠛⡟⢟⢛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠙⢻⠛⡛⢛⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⠳⢚⣿⢿⠿⡻⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣻⢟⢿⠿⡿⠻⠿⠛⠿⠿⠻⠿⢻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠟⠻⢿⠻⢟⢿⣾⡿⢟⢿⠿⡿⡻⠿⠿⡿⡻⠿⢟⢟⢿⣿⠻⣿⠿⢿⡿⢟⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢛⠛⠿⡿⡟⡻⡻⡻⢻⣿⣿ ⣟⢗⠷⡶⡿⠾⡜⣶⠶⢷⣶⠶⠾⠷⠖⡼⠷⣿⣷⢿⢶⡗⠲⠶⡶⡒⠒⠲⠶⢾⠷⠶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠾⢶⣷⠿⠿⡇⠳⠶⣾⠛⠚⢖⢲⡷⠖⢲⡾⠴⠗⡟⠾⠿⠶⠾⡷⠷⠷⠿⠓⠶⠶⣶⠶⢶⠧⠶⢿⣾⠿⣾⣿⣿ ⡿⢾⢶⣶⢷⡾⡷⡿⣷⠾⡿⡶⢶⢶⢶⣿⢶⠿⢶⢶⡾⣷⡶⣶⢷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣧⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣧⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣧⣴⣤⣼⣬⣤⣽⣵⣥⣤⣤⣤⣴⣽⣧⣿⣧⣷⣼⣤⣬⣼⣴⣴⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 134 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/gnu-midlife/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/gnu-midlife/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ GNU_Turns_40_Next_Year._Here’s_Cory_Doctorow’s_Message_to_the_FSF_at_30.⠀✐ Posted in EFF, Free/Libre_Software, FSF at 6:07 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/139/cory- doctorow1.webm Summary: Cory Doctorow, who is at the EFF at the moment, sent_this_message 7 years ago Licence: CC_BY-SA_4.0 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 168 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/internet-and-outsourcing/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/internet-and-outsourcing/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ On_the_Internet,_Outsourcing_Was_All_Along_a_Bubble⠀✐ Posted in Deception at 3:09 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum b88f19ccf4335e4008861ef7aeeb1bab Internet Changes Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/internet-perils.webm Summary: The Internet — and not just the World_Wide_Web anymore — is being stressed to the point where censorship has become far too rampant and social control_media_is_basically_all_about_filtering, not for information’s sake but for_its_owners'_financial_interests; we need to restructure the Internet to curb suppression and curtail autocracy THE Internet is under_attack, even at_DNS_level. It’s not just a problem with the Web anymore. With whole nations offloading data and outsourcing their operations to a bunch of datacentre companies, usually American ones, we’re inevitably facing catastrophe. Nowadays a lot of people learn "Clown_Computing" (outsourcing) instead of actual platform building, begetting further concentration of power (through centralisation). “It’s why we’ve spent a lot of time (earlier today) on IPFS, upgrading and improving a number of things.”Russia and Ukraine being at war changed a lot of assumptions, as we saw companies and people getting_cut_off_without_prior warning for no reason other than guilt by association. This wouldn’t be unprecedented, but this year this got ‘normalised’ somewhat. There’s much to be said about ‘free’ video hosting (dis)services such as GulagTube and Vimeo. They’re now ruining channels and squeezing them for money because just like ClownFlare they lack a sustainable business model and they’re still trying to make a profit. Netflix is also doubling the prices (all in just a number of years). Hardly surprising. Odysee/LBRY has its own perils and the FSF seems to have moved from mediagoblin to decentralised PeerTube. Generally speaking, decentralisation will be increasingly appreciated in the coming years. It’s why we’ve spent a lot of time (earlier today) on IPFS, upgrading and improving a number of things. The video above explains how it makes the Internet more robust to censorship. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 230 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/irc-log-220322/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/irc-log-220322/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_March_22,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:18 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-220322.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-220322.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-220322.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-220322.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmUUYmJNrBpdkDPrjxWGjVFL3E2Z3u5Z9Y8gbCqGVrxqoY #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmaytHAiApzwBfwXSzsmSskJBR649Us1r11XqGjrzR7Zku (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmVjzvBPvyiKpRpZHHKKoVv89rmTUZuTZJH4YcgmH4gxMQ social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPVUbcKHTcVViKynq41Qr1c6qFxKV3FKpHAvzqkzyydfm social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZLboD91bNEh1EnSNDX6dPxrx8E2iAyxD8hrKHvczmFb5 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmVkPYdvh3ujXTx9ETLTCMpEGb6cEwmu3QYEPG8zyNgXuj (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmdfVi3dRJQEiKdHrKaec5fEcUUfLQ4T651orVPzpcsFnJ #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmS4sDZ76oeoaW8iCuQthtNZSks1BN173Cmr8CV9KygtMZ (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmVmhebNywnTu6B8SmaNwvmpQrK5uGfyPHsAeM383HwKRx ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 357 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/03/23/survey-versus-surveillance/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/03/23/survey-versus-surveillance/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Survey_Versus_Surveillance⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:57 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO Surveillance⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇SUEPO Survey⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO Survey, EPO Surveillance⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO survey text⦈ Summary: The EPO_survey_of_SUEPO takes privacy seriously; by joining this survey, staff of the EPO will make the message loud and clear — it’s not some “loud minority” which is dissatisfied ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣜⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⢐⣶⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣮⣔⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⠀⠈⣷⣄⢀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣴⣾⣿⣿⠟⠛⠶⡶⡄⠀⠀⠉⠛⢩⣉⣩⣷⣄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠻⠀⣿⡟⣋⠉⠙⣿⣷⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⠿⣏⢹⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⣿⣀⣼⣾⣷⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡙⢿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢦⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣿⣿⣥⡀⠈⢩⣁⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⣩⣭⣥⣶⣤⣤⣬⣭⣅⡀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣦⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠩⢯⠩⠉⠁⢡⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠼⢧⠀⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢽⣿⡿⣿⡏⠉⢛⣋⣩⣤⣤⣿⡿⣭⡽⠖⡾⣭⣿⣿⣟⠻⢯⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠲⢿⣿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⡄⡄⠛⠀⠠⠀⠀⢸⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣍⣉⣙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣟⠟⣿⣿⣦⠀⠻⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣶⣶⣾ ⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⣱⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠤⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣬⡙⠻⠿⣽⣿⠈⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡜⡝⠻⣶⡀⠈⠳⣄⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣶⣮⣭⣍⣓⡒⠦⠄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠢⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢷⣤⠀⡆⠉⠙⠓⠦⣄⡙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣿⣷⣄⡈⢢⡀⠀⠀⣀⡀⣼⣿⣿ ⡏⣝⡛⣻⡿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣮⣭⣝⣛⡲⠦⠀⠄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣭⡞⢉⣤⡀⠈⠑⢦⡀⠀⠀⢀⠙⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠡⢄⠈⠛⠛⠿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣦⣱⡄⠈⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿ ⣧⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⢿⣿⣶⣶⣭⣝⣓⣲⣿⣯⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⢲⣽⡄⠀⠹⠷⠀⠉⠓⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠓⠲⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠿⣧⣄⠀⠈⠉⠀ ⣿⣟⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⣭⣝⣓⡲⠦⢤⣄⣀⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠘⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢠⠤⠄⡀⢀⡤⠙⠷⢄⡠⢒ ⣂⠬⠍⠉⣛⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡿⣷⣶⣮⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⣽⣿⠠⠀⠀⠀⡒⠀⡀⠀⡀⣤⣠⣄⣀⣀⣠⣀⣉⣇⣠⣤⣦⣤⣤⣴⣿⠥⡤⢤⠶⡿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⣷⣶⣾⣭⢥⣖⣒⣀⠭⠉⠙⡛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣏⠇⠿⠿⠶⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⠆⠀⣽⣿⣞⣛⡛⠛⠛⠋⠻⠏⠉⠝⠙⠉⠉⣏⠉⡘⠁⠀⢬⠐⠀⢀⠌⠀⠘⠈⠐⠁⡜⠀⡖ ⠓⠛⠛⠛⠭⣬⣍⣭⣭⣭⣩⣼⣴⣴⣴⣶⣤⣤⣔⣒⣠⡤⣿⣿⡛⠲⠧⢽⣹⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣹⢿⣶⣾⣭⣿⣓⣶⠬⣅⣂⠀⠀⠀⠐⠘⡄⠀⠀⢀⠪⡈⢄⣸⠀⠀⠀⢈⠣⠀⡇⣺⢽ ⠀⠀⣠⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣭⣿⣐⣂⣩⠭⢛⣛⠻⠁⠁⠐⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣷⠊⠈⢙⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣷⣶⣭⣭⣓⣒⠬⢷⣀⣀⠀⣰⢀⠀⠏⠤⠀⠄⠸⡇⢦⢣⢻⠏ ⠀⠀⡂⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⢺⣧⡢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣼⠉⠉⠀⠀⠸⠿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⣭⣟⣒⡾⢤⣲⠀⠂⡑⢥⢀⡏⢪⣽ ⠀⠈⠀⠈⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡳⣾⣷⣦⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠚⡂⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⢀⢠⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢾⣍⣴⣒⡩⠁⣳⡬ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣶⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠍⠉⠀⣤⣶⠀⠀⠀⡴⠄⠀⠀⢠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⢀⣴⠆⢲⣉⣭⠙⢛⡻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣻⣷⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣩⡋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⡍⣻⣴⣾⣩⣽⠛⣛⡿⣿⣻⣭⡙⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⣄⠀⢈⢹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣓⣚⣃⣐⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⡗⢔⣢⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠝⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⣠⡿⠋⢀⣤⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠅⣽⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡁⢹⣻⠛ ⠀⠃⠂⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣻⣿⣿⠇⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⠣⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢤⣰⢿⡘⠛⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠈⢛⠉⠉⢁⡿⣿⡷⡣⣿⣿⣿⣭⠿⠟⠛⠁⣸⢿⣿ ⢀⣀⠐⠒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢽⡟⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⢠⠃⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣻⡛⠂⠀⢹⡿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠁⠸⠯⢭⣭⣿⣟⠊⠀⠁⠀⢸⠛⠀⠻ ⣿⣿⡇⣷⣾⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⠇⠀⣀⡀⠀⠙⠛⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠿⠙⠒⠀⠀⢀⣬⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⠞⢋⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⠟⠃⡿⢿⣶⠏⠀⠀⠀⠞⠁⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠍⠁⢀⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⣀⣿⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢿⣷⣾⣿⣛⡲⣤⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠞⡁⣠⣾⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡤ ⠀⠀⠸⠃⢠⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡴⠋⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠘⢚⠛⠛⠛⠫⠋⠀⠀⠀⠸⢻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠈⠁⠀⠉⠉⠿⣿⣿⡿⣀⣀⣰⣟⡋⠤⣥⣽⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣦⠊⢀⣼⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢁⣴⣶⣶⣄⢀⡀⠀⢠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟⠁⢻⣿⡟⢁⣤⣀⡀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣀⣈⠛⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠟⠋⠀⢿⡏⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠒⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣦⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢈⣭⡉⠀⡈⠀⠀⢀⡴⠃⠀⢰⣶⡆⠸⢴⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠇⠹⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⣠⣾⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠸⠛⢸⣶⠆⠖⠀⠀⢸⣧⣾⣯⣍⣽⢋⣉⡻⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⠼⣿⣿⡄⢷⣄⣠⠊⠀⠀⠀⣵⣶⡄⢠⡌⠀⠀⢠⠞⠁⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣝⣿⡿⢧⣾⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠓⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣟⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣴⣤⣽⣧⣿⣿⣷⣼⣷⣤⣴⣥⣤⡄⠀⠀⠊⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠚⢫⣭⣤⢩⣥⣤⢀⣤⣤⡄⠈⣡⣤⣬⢡⣭⣥⡄⣤⣤⣄⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⡄⣤⡅⢩⣬⢰⢡⣤⡌⢡⣍⣭⡍⣥⣭⣍⢩⣭⡄ ⡟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⢰⡶⠶⣦⢰⡆⢀⣀⡀⢸⣿⣤⢸⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠻⣿⣍⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣟⢹⣧⣿⢻⣿⣤⢸⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⣾⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⠘⠛⢸⣧⡄ ⡀⣿⣿⣿⢱⣶⢸⡇⣶⡎⣷⢰⣾⡇⣶⣿⢰⣶⢹⡇⣿⡇⢸⡷⢶⡟⢸⡇⠿⠭⣭⢸⣿⣤⢸⣿⢤⡼⣿⣿⠇⠀⢿⣯⣿⠸⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣤⢸⡇⣿⣧⣼⣿⣄⣿⡿⣿⢸⡏⣿⡇⣿⣼⡿⢸⣧⡄ ⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⡇⠘⠃⠈⠛⠘⠃⠛⠛⠋⠘⠀⠐⠂⠚⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣱⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣟⠛⢿⠆⢰⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⡀⠂⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⢻⣷⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⠛⠿⢷⣦⢸⣿⡇⠀⣹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠸⠀⠀⡀⢐⠨⠀⡀⠀⢨⣶⠁⢴⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣾⠟⢳ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠷⠶⠿⠋⠀⠻⠿⠾⠻⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠃⠀⠀⠐⠠⠈⣬⡂⠀⠙⠿⠠⠿⠋⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⡀⠰ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡤⣀⠀⢰⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣧⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣬⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠰⠯⠶⠤⠼⠭⠭⣭⣾⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⣤⡤⠀⠀⢀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣮⡌⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠈⣁⣼⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣐⣀⡆⣿⡇⠐⠂⠀⠶⣧⣴⣤⡀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⢀⢴⣶⣿⣷⣎⡠⣘⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣤⣩⣿⠃⠀⠀⠏⠛⣹⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠘⠟⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣈⣫⣇⣻⡗⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⢼⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠄⠁⠀⢀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠐⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣤⣽⡏⡗⢀⠔⠂⠀⢉⠉⠛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠐⣾⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⠀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣗⡇⠠⢹⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣟⡁⠀⢊⣤⣴⣾⣿⣭⣥⣭⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣥⡾⠿⣿⣉⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⢰⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣀⡀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⡋⠙⠿⠍⠁⠀⠙⡟⣻⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣟⣿⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠈⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⡄⠈⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣋⠍⢛⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣭⣭⣿⣶⣶⡾⣿⠿⢛⣿⣿⣶⠀⣿⣷⡾⣿⣿⣷⣠⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⢐⣿⣿⠛⠀⣿⣿⡟⠛⢛⠻⢿⣯⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡃⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢷⣟⣻⣯⣽⣿⡍⠙⠿⠛⠋⠉⢰⣶⠾⠯⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠇⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠿⢻⠟⢸⣿⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣭⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣶⣟⡃⠀⢀⣔⣉⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⡁⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⡯⠅⢠⣽⣿⣯ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⢠⣷⡈⢟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢴⣾⣿⡇⠀⡀⣻⣿⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⣶⣿⠿⠿⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣼⣽⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠀⣿⣿⠛⠿⣄⢠⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⢠⡿⠧⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠉⠽⢿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢃⣛⣯⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣿⡆⣿⣿⠀⠀⡏⢣⡀⠀⠰⠐⠒⠶⠂⠚⠛⠲⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢈⢴⢟⠣⣿⡤⠄⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⠃⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⢸⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠤⢦⣤⣤⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⣿⢻⡟⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⣻⠃⠀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⢀⣤⠷⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡟⣯⠀⢀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠀⠓⠒⠀⠾⠐⠂⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⡀⣿⣿⠀⠀⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣠⠤⠴⠂⠀⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠋⠛⢿⣻⠟⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣥⣤⣾⣯⣭⣄⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⢀⡤⠶⣤⣤⡦⠦⠶⠶⠖⠂⢀⣲⣶⣦⣴⣆⢰⣦⣤⣶⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣦⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⢹⣿⣿⠟⡟⠛⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⣶⣶⣶⡇⣀⠀⣼⣿⣷⠹⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⠆⢀⣴⣷⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣾⠟⣣⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠙⠛⠉⠛⠛⠿⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠀⣡⣾⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣤⠠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣖⣂⣀⣀⣂⠠⠻⠿⠧⢜⣛⣛⣛⣛⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣤⣠⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠲⣿⣿⣿⣯⡐⠥⠸⠿⠿⠆⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⣙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣷⡄⢘⣀⠀⣠⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠭⠭⠍⠉⠤⣾⣿⡆⠭⠿⠽⠭⠵⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣶⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣹⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠦⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢛⠀⣤⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠹⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣲⣶⠾⠛⡝⠉⠉⠕⠒⠒⠶⢤⡀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠁⠀⠐⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⡘⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⠛⢋⣹⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠟⠉⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⣠⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⢉⡄⠀⣀⡁⠀⢀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣤⣙⡛⠿⠿⠿⣳⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⢒⡩⣄⡀⣾⣷⣯⠀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢵⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡿⠀⠀⣰⣟⠘⣺⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣻⣯⠃⠉⢂⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⡀⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣶⣤⣤⣿⣯⣛⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡈⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣭⣽⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣨⣥⣭⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣦⡄⣶⢠⡀⠀⣠⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣝⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡧⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⡟⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⡟⣿⡟⣻⣿⣧⣾⣷⣼⣿⣧⣾⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⠃⣶⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠂⠷⣿⠷⣿⣧⣽⣿⣧⣽⣿⣹⣿⣎⣹⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⣿⢺⠐⢿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡔⠀⢀⣤⣾⣆⠀⠙⢿⣿⠟⠉⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣏⠃⣿⢸⣷⣶⣶⣧⣿⡇⣿⡃⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣿⣾⡆⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡞⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡛⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣨⣭⣭⡭⢩⠥⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣭⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠙⢻⣿⣯⣿⡄⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠉⠚⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣴⣿⡟⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠚⠻⠦⣀⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠷⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣈⣛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢀⡀⠠⠾⠿⠿⠿⠀⢠⣾⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⡓⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠄⠀⡂⣼⣿⠶⢤⣤⣂⡘⡻⣿⣶⣛⣟⣛⣴⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⣦⢸⣿⣿⢻⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠱⠇⢨⣥⣬⢩⣥⣷⣦⣧⢡⣭⣭⠉⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⢿⠀⠿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢨⣭⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠉⣉⠙⣛⣛⣛⣛⡉⣉⡉⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠂⡀⠘⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡀⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠈⠁⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⢹ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢽ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠥⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠠⠴⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⢸ ⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢆⣛⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣝⣿⣿⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣸ ⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡟⣵⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡶⢦⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠁⠀⢰⢾⣿⡿⢛⣫⣭⡄⠀⠀⠄⠉⠁⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣵⣿⣶⣄⠉⠛⣱⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⣿⡿⠋⠘⢻⣿⣿⢻⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⢵⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⡇⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⠇⠀⠀⢿⣿⠇⠈⠉⢹⠇⣧⠻⣿⣼⡿⠁⢺⠇⠋⠁⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⡏⠛⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⡰⡿⢷⡝⢿⠇⠀⠟⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣀⠶⠄⠘⠁⠀⠀⠠⠀⣷⣤⠀⠓⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠉⣵⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⡇⢿⡶⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠄⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣫⣵⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠈⠛⠓⠂⠘⠛⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⠀⠔⠄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡝⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⣆⣙⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 525 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/3/2022:_GNOME_42_and_Alpine_3.15.2⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:05 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Can_the_HP_Elite_Dragonfly_G3_run_Linux?_Here’s_what you_need_to_know [Ed: Shilling WSL is a bad idea because it is Microsoft's attack on GNU/Linux]⠀⇛ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Tedium ☛ Asahi_Linux:_The_Individual_User’s_Stake_in_an Apple_Silicon_World⠀⇛ Over the weekend, something really awesome happened. An official distro of Linux came to Apple Silicon. And honestly, it’s extremely impressive, a joy to use (even if there are a whole bunch of gaps in the production, a number of to-come features that will limit its usefulness for the time being), and … honestly, everything that MacOS is not. It’s inspiring, and reflects a culture in which people are willing to try new things, and in which they succeed at trying out those new things just because there was enough public support for it. It’s arguable that in a technology world full of exciting things, you don’t get much more exciting than Asahi Linux—all the more exciting when you consider that its install process is surprisingly painless. In honor of its release, today’s Tedium culls together some thoughts on Linux and ARM, two great things that taste great together (as long as the fragmentation is kept in check). # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.16.17⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.16.17 kernel. All users of the 5.16 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 5.16.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.16.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.15.31⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.10.108⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.4.187⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.19.236⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.14.273⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.9.308⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux:_Efficiency_and_Performance_from_Kernel Customizations_|_Formtek_Blog⠀⇛ Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is a virtual machine running inside the operating system kernel. Using eBPF, you can safely load programs into the kernel to customize kernel behavior. Historically, because the kernel is vital for security and stability, it changed very slowly to maintain integrity. eBPF enables easy kernel customizability which can be useful for a wide range of applications. Often kernel changes can introduce significant efficiency and performance gains. Alexei Starovoitov, developer at Facebook, said that “eBPF is a revolutionary technology that allows us to modify operating system behavior in real time without risky or expensive kernel code changes. It’s had a remarkable impact on our ability to iterate quickly on everything from networking to security to containerization.” o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ DEV Community ☛ How_Do_I_Resolve_Merge_Conflicts?⠀⇛ I don’t think I’m alone in saying this; early in my career, merge conflicts were the bane of my existence (particularly in 2019). I graduated from a coding boot camp in 2018, and during that time, if I ever experienced a git issue that I didn’t know how to fix, I would create a new repository and start over. In 2019, I started working as a software engineer with a team of other software engineers, so I couldn’t create new repositories to avoid this inconvenience. I had to face my fears and fix merge conflicts. No exaggeration; the experience would bring me to tears. See the screenshot below of me making a self-deprecating joke about mishandling merge conflicts on July 14, 2019. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Stremio_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Stremio on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Stremio is a free and open-source modern media center that’s a one-stop solution for your video entertainment. Using Stremio, you can follow your favorite YouTube channel, stream over 300 live TV channels, and even buy or rent media from official sources like Netflix, Amazon, and Google Play. Stremio provides support on Linux, Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS too. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Stremio on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_Use_CDC_to_Optimize_Your_ELT_Process⠀⇛ For every update within the source database, you may need a reflection of the change. The associated resource like the search index should reflect the changes too. It is critical, especially to relational databases like MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, etc. SQL Change Data Capture, Oracle CDC, and others cut dual writes. They also update resources accurately and simultaneously. There is no need to copy the entire database for analytics with CDC. You only need to track and capture the changes within the source and destination targets. The changes include “update,” “insert,” and “delete” events. They are replicated in other systems relying on similar data. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Fix_“A_Network_Change_Was_Detected” Error_on_Linux⠀⇛ We’ve reached a point where many of the browsers you’re likely to use on Linux are ultimately based on Chromium, and there’s a common error afflicting these browsers. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_install_the_open-source_TaskCafe project_management_system_|_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Solid project management can make a workflow far more efficient and effective. But in order to manage projects, you need software to help you out. You can certainly attempt to manage those projects with a spreadsheet or Google Document, but as they start to scale, you’ll find those tools fall very short. That’s why you turn to project management software. When you start looking for such a platform, you’ll find an abundance of titles and services available. Some of those project management tools are found in third-party services that are hosted outside of your company’s data center. For some companies and projects, that’s a fine solution. But what if some of your projects are of a more sensitive nature and you don’t want to chance someone gaining access to view your kanban boards or Gantt Charts? If that sounds like a concern of yours, then you should consider installing a project management tool in your data center. # ⚓ Linux.org ☛ Optimizing_Linux_|_Linux.org⠀⇛ Most Linux systems run well since Linux is not an intensive Operating System (OS) as others.For some systems though, the system may not be optimized to provide great performance. The performance can depend on how the system is being used. Two identical systems can show different speeds depending on how that system is being used. Performance enhancements can be changed to remedy how the resources are used by the system. # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ How_to_Install_The_Latest_KeePassXC_2.7.0 in_Ubuntu_22.04_via_PPA⠀⇛ This tutorial shows how to install the latest version of KeePassXC password manager (v2.7 so far) and keep it up-to-date via the official PPA in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. The popular KeePassXC password manager released version 2.7.0 few days ago with many exciting new features. Here’s are some of them according to the release note: o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ A_quick_look_at_2022_7DRL_Challenge_games_| GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ The 7 Day Roguelike Challenge was earlier this month with over 200 games submitted. I’ve spent the past week and half playing various games and I’ve also seen some streamed. That still means I’ve tried only a small number of games and Game Jams tend to lead to more experimental games. # ⚓ Godot Engine ☛ Godot_Engine_–_Maintenance_release:_Godot 3.4.4⠀⇛ In parallel to our work on the upcoming feature releases Godot 3.5 (with a second beta) and 4.0 (now at alpha 4!), we backport important fixes to the stable 3.4 branch for use in production. Last month’s 3.4.3 release was found to have a few regressions that could affect a lot of users, so we’ve been working on a bugfix-only release to solve those issues and a few other pre-existing issues. All users are advised to upgrade to Godot 3.4.4 for the best possible experience. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Wonderful_life_sim_The_Garden_Path_gets_a new_trailer_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ During The MIX 10th Anniversary Showcase, gorgeous gardening life sim The Garden Path got a new trailer. “The Garden Path explores the quiet moments of a life well lived, where your garden will grow to reflect both the passing of time and your own design. Time here runs in concert with the real world, and the passing of seasons heralds new encounters and a new story to weave. Above all, The Garden Path is a life sim that celebrates the tranquil and the pensive, a tucked-away place to shape and grow as you like.” # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Lightweight_Linux_distro_Lakka_for_retro gaming_version_4.0_out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Lakka, a lightweight Linux distribution that transforms various small computers into a full blown retrogaming console has a new release out now. With support for various models Raspberry Pi, Odroid, Anbernic, Allwinner and more — maybe that little device you’ve got laying around somewhere can be transformed with Lakka. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ Clear_Linux_is_the_First_Distro_to_Offer GNOME_42_–_It’s_FOSS_News⠀⇛ Clear Linux is an open-source rolling-release distribution tailored for developers working with the Cloud and Edge. If you did not know, Clear Linux is a project by Intel to offer a fast-performing environment to work with containers while optimized for Intel processors. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ GNOME_42_released_with_the_new_global dark-style_preference_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ GNOME 42 has rolled out officially today with a bunch of new features, fixes and enhancements to make your Linux desktop experience even better. One of the major new highlight features is the addition of a global dark UI style preference. You can use this to tell various applications to use a dark theme, if they support it. You can find it in the new Appearance panel in the Settings app. There’s also a renewed screenshot feature that allows both pictures and video recordings under the same roof. Many GNOME apps have also been upgraded to use GTK 4 and libadwaita, the next-generation tech bringing “better performance, a new modern UI style, and new user interface elements”. The Settings app going through the biggest change here with a whole new look and feel. You will also find a new text editor, a new console app, RDP support and various performance improvements. # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ GNOME_42_Desktop_Environment_Is_Out_with New_Screenshot_UI,_GTK4_Apps,_and_Dark_Mode⠀⇛ After six months of development, GNOME 42 is here and it’s packed with some cool new features and enhancements for fans of the GNOME desktop environment. The biggest change in this major release is the porting of almost all default GNOME apps to the latest GTK4 toolkit and the libadwaita 1.0 library for a more modern look and faster performance. Earlier this year, I took an in-depth look at some of the new GTK4 apps that will be included in GNOME 42, and I was really impressed by the modern new look of these GTK4 apps. # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ GNOME_42_Released,_This_is_What’s_New_– OMG!_Ubuntu!⠀⇛ The GNOME project today released GNOME 42, the latest version of its open source desktop environment. New features, UI tweaks, and performance gains are a staple part of every new GNOME desktop update, but none more so than here, in GNOME 42. GNOME 42 source code is available to download from the GNOME website from today. However, most Linux users will want to wait for their distro maintainers to package it up and push it out to them. Don’t want to wait? You can use the GNOME OS image in the Boxes virtual machine app. # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ GNOME_42_is_Here_With_Dark_Mode,_New Screenshot_UI,_and_More_Exciting_Features_–_It’s_FOSS News⠀⇛ GNOME 42 is a major upgrade with noticeable visual changes. With GNOME 42, you get many essential improvements and much-needed upgrades. Now that it’s here, let us check out some of the key highlights. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ GNOME_42_Released:_A_Look_at_What’s Changed⠀⇛ The much-needed GNOME 42 rework brings native dark mode, great UI with nice libadwaita touch, and GTK4 performance boost. Another six months of development later, and the long-awaited GNOME 42 is out with plenty of enhancements for GNOME desktop fans. GNOME 42, like GNOME 41, does not include significant changes to desktop layouts. # ⚓ LWN ☛ GNOME_42_released_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Version 42 of the GNOME desktop environment is out. # ⚓ GNOME_Release_Notes⠀⇛ A new global dark UI style preference has arrived in GNOME for version 42. This can be used to request that apps use a dark UI style instead of light. The new setting can be found in the new Appearance panel in the Settings app, and is followed by most GNOME apps. All of GNOME’s wallpapers support the dark style preference, so that switching to dark style also switches to a darker wallpaper style. Under the hood, the new dark style makes it possible for apps to provide their own style settings that are independent of the system style preference. This makes it possible to switch individual apps to dark or light, if you prefer to use them that way. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Alpine_3.15.2_released_|_Alpine_Linux⠀⇛ The Alpine Linux project is pleased to announce the immediate availability of version 3.15.2 of its Alpine Linux operating system. # § Screenshots/Screencasts⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_Linux_Mint_LMDE_5_“Elsie”_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Linux Mint LMDE 5 “Elsie”. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ Speedscale_for_SUSE_Rancher: accelerate_cloud_native_application_testing⠀⇛ Running Kubernetes at scale is really hard. Developing microservices apps that run well in a Kubernetes environment takes complexity to the next level. SUSE Rancher makes Kubernetes easier to use with a point and click web interface that simplifies the process of scaling out and managing workloads across all of your clusters – from core to cloud to edge. Combining Speedscale with SUSE Rancher gives development teams visibility into microservices to help them improve service performance and quality. By implementing traffic replay as part of continuous integration, development teams can release with confidence. Traditional approaches to software testing are not keeping up with the trend of “continuous everything.” According to a recent GitLab survey of developers, testing was the slowest phase of application development. This causes a gap where code is ready to be delivered to production, but teams must slow these releases with canary deployments and feature flags to ensure new changes don’t break production. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Apache_Kafka:_10_essential_terms and_concepts_explained⠀⇛ Apache Kafka has proven to be an extremely popular event streaming platform, with the project reporting more than 60% of Fortune 100 companies using it today. Developed by the Apache Software Foundation in 2011, Apache Kafka is an open source software platform that can publish, subscribe to, store, and process streams of records in real time. But what even is an event streaming platform? Heck, what do half the things in Kafka mean? The concepts of Kafka producers, consumers, topics, partitions, and so on can be hard to grasp for newcomers to Kafka. So if you find yourself scratching your head at anything Kafka related, this is the right article for you. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Meet_your_learning_goals_with_new personalized_skills_paths⠀⇛ With skill set and talent gaps ranked as the top barrier to digital transformation in Red Hat’s 2022 Global Tech Outlook Survey, organizations have ranked “technical skills training” and “people and process skills training” among their top non-technical funding priorities. For both organizations and individuals, options for training abound, and it can be hard to identify exactly where to start. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Mecool_KD3_Android_11_TV_HDMI_dongle supports_4K_Netflix,_Prime_Video_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ We noted some Android TV dongles with Amlogic S905Y4 Cortex-A35 processor in January 2021, and one of the first Amlogic S905Y4 devices available in this form factor is the Mecool KD3 with a certified Android 11 TV operating system. The KD3 is equipped with 2GB RAM, 8GB storage, and the minimal design only offers only one HDMI 2.1 port and a Micro USB port used for power, and of course WiFi 5 and Bluetooth 5.0 connectivity. # ⚓ Best_PSP_emulators⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Ulrike_Uhlig:_Workshops_about_anger,_saying_NO,_and mapping_one’s_capacities_and_desires⠀⇛ For the second year in a row, I proposed some workshops at the feminist hackers assembly at the remote C3. I’m sharing them here because I believe they might be useful to others. [...] Based on discussions with a friend, whose company uses SWOT analysis (strengths—weaknesses—opportunities—threats) to regularly check in with their employees, and to allow employees to check in with themselves, I created a similar tool for myself which I thought would be nice to share with others. It’s a very simple self- reflection that can help map out what works well, what doesn’t work so well and where one wants to go in the future. I find it important to not use this tool narrow- mindedly only regarding work skills and expertise. Instead, I think it’s useful to also include soft skills, hobbies, non-work capacities and whatever else comes to mind in order to create a truer map. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Mozilla ☛ The_web_is_for_everyone:_Our_vision for_the_evolution_of_the_web⠀⇛ Over the last two decades, the web has woven itself into the fabric of our lives. What began as a research project has become the world’s most important communication platform and an essential tool for billions of people. But despite its success — and sometimes because of it — the web has real problems. People are routinely spied on by advertisers and oppressive governments, often at the moments when the open web is most necessary. They find themselves disempowered by hostile sites, sluggish experiences, and overly-complex technologies. And much of the web remains out of reach for non-native English speakers and people with disabilities. Mozilla believes the web should be for everyone — open, empowering, and safe. In its best moments, the web exemplifies these values today. But too often the web today does not deliver on this promise. To that end, we’ve mapped out a detailed vision of the changes we want to see in the web over the next five years, and the work we believe is necessary to achieve them. This includes efforts on a number of fronts — deploying ubiquitous encryption, ending tracking, simpler and faster technologies, next-generation internationalization support and much more. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ Firebird_4.0.1_and_3.0.9_Docker_images_are_released⠀⇛ Firebird 4.0.1 and 3.0.9 Docker images are released and the following tags can be used : v4.0 , v4.0.1 , latest or 3.0, v3.0, v3.0.9 . # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt ☛ Qt_Creator_7_released⠀⇛ We split up the New File or Project menu item into separate New File and New Project items. That also means a new shortcut for New Project. If you are using the Qt Online Installer, update notifications in Qt Creator now also include new minor Qt versions and patch releases to the latest available Qt version. You can configure this in Options > Environment > Updates. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Foundation’s Site/Blog ☛ The ELISA_Project_Strengthens_its_Focus on_Automotive_Use_Cases_with Expertise_from_New_Members_Automotive Intelligence_and_Control_of_China, LOTUS_Cars_and_ZTE⠀⇛ # ⚓ PR Newswire ☛ The_ELISA_Project Strengthens_its_Focus_on_Automotive Use_Cases_with_Expertise_from_New Members_Automotive_Intelligence_and Control_of_China,_LOTUS_Cars_and ZTE⠀⇛ Today, the ELISA (Enabling Linux in Safety Applications) Project, an open source initiative that aims to create a shared set of tools and processes to help companies build and certify Linux-based safety- critical applications and systems, announced a stronger ecosystem focused on automotive use cases with the addition of the Automotive Intelligence and Control of China (AICC), LOTUS Cars and ZTE. # § Entrapment (Microsoft GitHub)⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Unity_game_engine_team announce_3D_platformer_Gigaya,_free_for devs_to_tinker_with [Ed: Microsoft Mono]⠀⇛ Unity Technologies have announced their next big example game for other developers to learn from. It’s called Gigaya and it actually looks pretty great. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Wednesday_ [LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Mageia (cyrus-sasl, openssl, sphinx, and swtpm), openSUSE (qemu), Red Hat (expat, rh-mariadb103-mariadb, and rh- mariadb105-mariadb), SUSE (apache2, binutils, java-1_7_0-ibm, kernel- firmware, nodejs12, qemu, and xen), and Ubuntu (ckeditor and linux, linux-aws, linux-kvm, linux-lts-xenial). # ⚓ eduGAIN_Key_Signing_Ceremony⠀⇛ eduGAIN is a interfederation joining academic identity federations around the world, including over 4781 identify providers & 3519 service providers. The project was initiated by by the GÉANT research and education networking community in Europe. On 8th of March, there was a key signing ceremony at Sunet office. This was my first chance to be able to attend one such ceremony in real life 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Access_Now’s_statement_on_Myanmar_at_the_U.N. Human_Rights_Council_–_Access_Now⠀⇛ On Monday, Wai Phyo Myint, our Asia Pacific Policy Analyst, addressed the United Nations Human Rights Council at its 49th Session regarding the digital coup in Myanmar. In the Interactive Dialogue with Tom Andrews, the U.N. Special Rapporteur for Myanmar, Myint highlighted how the military is choking the internet by forcing the telco sector into its control; fortifying surveillance and legal mechanisms to target its people; continuing to shut down the internet to obscure serious rights violations amounting to international crimes; and throttling internet access by hiking up prices and registration requirements for data usage. Myint also highlighted the worsening trend of proliferation of hate speech, incitement to violence, and doxxing by military-linked actors on social media and messaging platforms. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ Ferdinand_van_Kessel’s_*Four Parts_of_the_World*_(ca._1689)_–_The_Public_Domain Review⠀⇛ These landscapes depict worlds populated by animals, where the built environment of humans is relegated to the distant background. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1438 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/3/2022:_Linux_on_Mars_and_Bhushan_Shah_Interviewed⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 10:15 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ IT Pro ☛ Linux_on_Mars:_17_flights_later_|_IT_PRO⠀⇛ Last year was a big year for Linux, as the operating system (OS) played a critical role in a major achievement: the first-ever powered flight on another planet. On 19 April last year, the Ingenuity drone – or “Mars Helicopter”, as NASA calls it – took to the skies of Mars. Under the hood, the on-board computer was running Linux. Last year, we spoke with Tim Canham, the software and operations lead on the project, who shared with us details of how the helicopter works. Now, a staggering 17 successful flights later, we thought it was time to check in on the helicopter’s progress. o ⚓ Best_Linux_Media_Center_Distros_for_Your_Home_Theater_PC⠀⇛ There are a number of Linux media center distros out there, and some of them do more than one thing. But which one is best? Which one provides the most value? And which one is the most well-rounded? As a subset of the Linux family of operating systems, Linux media center distros are a tool that lets you run Linux on your computer without requiring a traditional hard drive or CD. o ⚓ Dedoimedo ☛ Does_Linux_need_an_occasional_cleanup?⠀⇛ If you were old enough to use computers in the mid-2000s (just the decade right), and you happened to be running Windows and Linux, and, being a nerd, you also participated in discussions around the benefits of this operating system over that, then you must have come across the following statement: you don’t need to do any system maintenance on Linux, it’s smart enough to handle it all by itself. Indeed, on the Windows side, there was often talk around systems getting slower over time, dire need for defragmentation (in NTFS as opposed to Ext3), cleanup of temporary files, and such. Linux was often touted as maintenance-free. Now, the question is, how true is this statement really? I actually had a chance to test it for myself, all through temporal chance. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ Make_Your_Twitter_BETTER_With_This_Open-Source_App –_Invidious⠀⇛ It’s time to shine the spotlight on another great open-source app, especially since I’ve been diving down the Flatpak rabbit hole. And since today marks my 15th (!!) Twitter anniversary, I know exactly which app to recommend. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.17_released:_Bootlin_contributions⠀⇛ Linux 5.17 has been released last Sunday. As usual, the best coverage of what is part of this release comes from LWN (part 1 and part 2), as well as KernelNewbies (unresponsive at the time of this writing) or CNX Software (for an ARM/RISC-V/MIPS focused description). Bootlin contributed just 34 patches to this release, which isn’t a lot by the number of patches, but in fact includes a number of important new features. Also, we have many more contributions being discussed on the mailing lists or in preparation. For this 5.17 release here are the highlights of our contributions… # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ NVIDIA_510.60.02_driver_rolls_out_for Linux_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ NVIDIA has released the latest update to their Linux driver with version 510.60.02 available now with new GPU support and also some bug fixes. Not as big as previous driver releases but still some essential fixes included. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Vitux ☛ Top_10_compression_utilities_for_Ubuntu_–_VITUX⠀⇛ Ubuntu is considered a good distribution for beginners who usually want to learn Linux from scratch. In comparison between OS software, it is far better than windows. The integral part of system administration is File compression. It might be quite a tough task to find a reliable file compression tool. Till now many robust compression tools with better compression rates and the period has been developed which make backing up system data easier. So here we have listed the 10 top compression tools which will help out to choose the best compression tool. # ⚓ Aviation Analysis ☛ Nushell_0.60:_Command_line_structuring for_Linux,_Windows,_and_macOS⠀⇛ The most important change in the new version is the individually configurable autocomplete. Users can now write scripts in which they specify which parameters – options and arguments – belong to any command. External commands can also be specified, including correcting typos and highlighting syntax. There is also a new configuration file for Nushell: the configuration file generated by a Nushell script replaces the old .toml version. On first startup, the program asks the user to create a new configuration. Standard values ​​\u200b\u200bcan be modified directly here, suitable examples for the latter will help here. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ How_our_community_uses_Zulip_for_its_open source_chat_tool⠀⇛ When Backdrop CMS needed to upgrade our real-time chat platform, we had to balance ease of use with our preference for open source. Those criteria led us to Zulip, an open source chat and collaboration platform with many features we were looking for. In this article, I’ll explain our selection process and how we’ve implemented and adapted this tool across our organization. Maybe it’s the right tool for your organization as well. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Top_10_File_Compression_Tools_For_Linuxs⠀⇛ Hello! This time we will discuss what could be the top 10 file compression tools. File compression is required all the time to keep data backed up and safe as well. In addition, filing backup compression practice reduces the chances of critical data getting accidentally damaged. Why file compression is a must, let’s have a look. # ⚓ Medevel ☛ 28_Open-source_free_XMPP_clients_and_messengers for_Windows,_macOS,_Linux,_Mobile,_and_the_Web⠀⇛ XMPP which stands for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol is an open-source XML technology for communication. It is the core for audio calls, video calls, online presence, multi-party or multi- user (MUC) chat, and, of course, instant messaging. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Start_a_React_Component_Library_With_Storybook_and Create-React-App_–_CloudSavvy_IT⠀⇛ React is one of the leading frameworks for frontend development with JavaScript. It’s a naturally component-based approach where you assemble your app from reusable pieces of self-contained functionality. # ⚓ OSNote ☛ How_to_Install_and_Configure_SSH_Server_on_Ubuntu 20.04_–_OSNote⠀⇛ Connection security is the most important criteria when setting up a remote connection between a client and a server . SSH protocol is the best way for Ubuntu users to remotely access and manage servers. SSH encrypts all data sent between machines, ensuring that no sensitive data is leaked. SSH encryption protects against threats such as eavesdropping and hijacking while also providing various authentication and configuration options. Due to its excellent capabilities, SSH has become the standard for accessing a remote Linux server nowadays. In this tutorial, you will learn to install and configure SSH in Ubuntu. In addition, you will also learn how to connect to the SSH server and handle the SSH service in the Ubuntu system. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Check_your_disk_space_use_with_the_Linux df_command_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Two related commands that every system administrator runs frequently are df and du. While du reports files’ and directories’ disk usage, df reports how much disk space your filesystem is using. The df command displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem with each file name’s argument. For a good overview of the du command, read Tyler Carrigan’s article Linux commands: du and the options you should be using. You might also be interested in my article Make du’s output more useful with this neat trick. # ⚓ ByteXD ☛ How_to_Install_LXQt_Desktop_or_Lubuntu_in_Ubuntu 20.04_/_22.04⠀⇛ LXQt is a lightweight Qt desktop environment that uses the Qt toolkit (which is a framework to create desktop GUI applications). It is a desktop environment that is designed to be fast and low on system resources, while still being visually appealing and user friendly. Lubuntu is a flavor of Ubuntu that uses LXQt as its default desktop environment, focused on providing a very lightweight distribution. The philosophy of LXQt is to be as lightweight as possible, while still being user-friendly and beautiful, and is good for anyone who wants a lightweight, modular, fast and user-friendly desktop environment. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Vivaldi_Browser_on_AlmaLinux_8_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Vivaldi Browser on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Vivaldi is a freeware, cross- platform web browser developed by Vivaldi Technologies. This browser is an interesting alternative to Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and other popular browsers. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Vivaldi modern web browser based on Chromium on an AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Backup_Website_to_Amazon_S3_using_Shell Script_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an cloud based object storage device. It is a low cost storage widely used for the backup or static website content. You can use AWSCLI command line utility for managing s3 bucket and its content. In this tutorial, you will learn about backup a website to Amazon s3 bucket using a shell script. # ⚓ Making_Effects_How_To_|_Inkscape⠀⇛ This is the 9th part of Inkscape for Students the Series. After we had learned about vectorization, now we will learn about making effects in general and drop shadow in particular. Skills we will get are, among others, applying opacity, gradients, duplicating objects, and of course, drop shadows. Let’s draw now! # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Let’s_Encrypt_on_Nginx⠀⇛ In this post, you will learn how to install Let’s Encrypt on Nginx. This allows us to install certificates and access via HTTPS. Before we start, we need to have a fully functional domain available. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Minikube_on_Ubuntu_22.04_/_20.04_LTS⠀⇛ Minikube is single node Kubernetes (k8s) cluster and can be installed inside a virtual machines. It generally used for test and development environment. Anyone who is new to Kubernetes and want to learn it then minikube is recommended setup. As it can be deployed very easily almost on all the linux distributions likee Ubuntu, RHEL, CentOS and Debian. In this guide, we will learn how to install Minikube on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish) and Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa) LTS. Steps would be identical on the ubuntu version. # ⚓ KY-040_and_Arduino:_Rotatory_Encoder_wiring_and_code⠀⇛ To make set clock time and count increase with rotation probe, rotatory encoder ky-040 with Arduino is still best to use In this tutorial, we’ll interface a rotary encoder (KY-040) with Arduino Uno including code, connection diagram and component list. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_VSCodium_on_Ubuntu_22.04_|_20.04_Linux –_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ How_to_Install_PHP_Composer_in_Rocky Linux⠀⇛ Written in PHP, PHP Composer is an application- level package management tool for PHP programming language. It’s not exactly a package manager in the same sense as conventional package managers such as APT or DNF. Rather, it handles libraries and packages on a per-project basis, installing them inside your project’s directory. Thus, it can also be referred to as a dependency management tool for PHP. In case you have a project that depends on a given number of libraries, and some of those libraries depend on other libraries, then PHP Composer will allow you to declare the libraries they depend on and find out which packages need to be installed and installs them into your project. # ⚓ How_to_manage_WiFi_interfaces_with_rfkill_command_on Linux⠀⇛ Rfkill is an utility available in the vast majority of Linux distributions, and often installed by default. The utility allows us to list, enable or disable various types of wireless interfaces like WIFI or Bluetooth on Linux. In this tutorial we see how to use it, and what are the most useful options we can pass to modify its behavior. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ CodeWeavers_CrossOver_21.2_for_Linux_Mac_and_Chrome_OS⠀⇛ I’m thrilled to announce that we have released CrossOver 21.2 for macOS, Linux and Chrome OS! This new release offers both improvements from upstream Wine and important fixes for a variety of issues. CrossOver 21.2 includes over 300 updates to wined3d from upstream Wine. We also included dozens of changes from Wine 6.0.1 and 6.0.2 and updated to Wine Mono 7.0. Audio now works on both Mac and Linux for Halo: Master Chief Collection. We also fixed an issue with a recent Steam update that was causing some connections to take a very long time. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Vice ☛ How_Valve’s_Long-Standing_Embrace_of_Linux_Is Helping_Games_Run_Better⠀⇛ The Steam Deck is an impressive piece of hardware, a gaming laptop in a functional and enjoyable portable form, but it’s not a high-end PC, and it wouldn’t be shocking that many modern games would struggle to run on it. It was surprising, then, to learn that not only did Elden Ring run pretty well on the Steam Deck right out of the box, but Valve had been personally working on optimizing Elden Ring for the Steam Deck, helping it run even better. This wasn’t a patch issued by developer FromSoftware, specifically targeting Steam Deck, nor did FromSoftware explicitly built a port of Elden Ring for Steam Deck, the way we’re used to (see: port begging related to the announcement of any exclusive). The game just runs. And here, It’s not “fixing” the code in Elden Ring so much as Valve doing sorcery. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Cyberpunk_2077_gets_an_official_Steam_Deck setting_but_seems_broken_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ CD PROJEKT RED recently released another major patch for Cyberpunk 2077. Curiously, they added a dedicated Steam Deck preset in the graphics options. Nice to see they’re paying attention and tweaking things like they said they would be. However, I’m not sure what they’re trying to achieve with this new option. Checking between the various presets available, the new Steam Deck option is exactly the same as the Ultra setting. It seems broken and doesn’t do anything, or it wasn’t supposed to be live right now but no matter the case, it’s really not right. Doing a benchmark on the Steam Deck with the setting gives an overall sub-30FPS. If you reload the game with Steam Deck set in the settings, it just goes back to Ultra as the preset too. # ⚓ On_Epic_Games_Buying_Bandcamp⠀⇛ Earlier this month, there was quite the unexpected announcement: Epic Games has bought up Bandcamp. As a regular user of Bandcamp, this has filled me with a bit of despair. I like the fact that this has been a nice place to get indie music and support artists whereby we could actually make sure musicians received a few bucks for their work rather than the fractions of a penny places like Spotify give them. Having a fairly large corporation calling the shots is very concerning. Sure, they can try to assuage fears making claims that they will leave things as is, but how often does that hold true in the long term when a big corporation gobbles up a tinier company? Epic has made it clear that they’re big fans of nickle and diming people through Games as a Service business models. As such, why should we trust them not to change Bandcamp into a platform with a model that serves shareholders first and foremost rather than the artists. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ FSFE ☛ Interview_with_Plasma_Mobile_developer_Bhushan Shah_–_FSFE⠀⇛ What are my options if I want to run my phone with Free Software? For our Upcycling Android campaign we interviewed Plasma Mobile developer Bhushan Shah about running a privacy-respecting and secure GNU/Linux phone ecosystem on your phone. KDE is an international Free Software community founded in 1996, and KDE e.V. is an associated organisation of the FSFE. In 2014, KDE first released Plasma, a graphical workspace environment which became one of its core projects. Plasma Mobile is a Plasma 5 variant for Linux-based smartphones. Bhushan Shah is a developer in the Plasma Mobile project since 2015. We chatted with Bhushan to learn more about this promising project. In this interview Bhushan explains why using Plasma Mobile benefits one’s privacy, and how to get started. Enjoy! # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 24_Great_KDE_Plasma_5.24_Themes⠀⇛ One of the strengths offered by Linux is that you can customize the system to the way you like it. This is certainly true for the desktop. We looked at the best Linux desktops environments, and it’s important to distinguish that some desktops offer far more customization options. KDE and GNOME are highly respected desktops. GNOME has witnessed a slimming down of features in recent releases, although there are plenty of GNOME extensions that let you configure the desktop. But when it comes to customization, arguably no other desktop comes anywhere close to KDE Plasma 5. There’s so many aspects of Plasma you can customize and tweak. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ JWM_fails_to_capture_Osmo_in_systray⠀⇛ EasyOS starts the desktop with Osmo personal organizer running in the systray. However, when testing the latest Easy on my baby laptop, I found that when restart the X server, Osmo often is not captured by the systray and runs as a regular window. I do recall someone reporting that, but now that I can reproduce it, need to do something. My Acer baby laptop is incredibly slow, and does show up some issues that I don’t see on my other computers. Such as this problem with Osmo. The other tray applets get swallowed OK. The tray applets are launched via /usr/sbin/ delayedrun, which in turn is run from / root/.xinitrc when X has started. I put in an extra “sleep 1″ before launching the tray applets, no difference. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora ☛ You’re_invited_to_the_Fedora_Linux_36 Release_Party!_–_Fedora_Community_Blog [Ed: To participate in Fedora Linux 36 Release Party you must run proprietary JavaScript because IBM/Red Hat outsourced to proprietary software]⠀⇛ As we work our way through the Fedora Linux 36 Schedule, I am pleased to announce we will celebrate the final release of Fedora Linux 36 with a virtual Release Party. Please register on Hopin and join us on May 13th & 14th for a short program of informational sessions and social activities. Make sure to save the dates, share the registration, and show up to party with Fedora Friends! # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Use_Valgrind_Memcheck_with_a_custom_memory manager_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Valgrind is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools that check C and C++ programs for errors. Memcheck is the default tool Valgrind uses when you don’t ask it for another tool. Valgrind Memcheck can detect various memory leaks and keep track of whether memory is accessible and defined. But what if you have built your own memory manager? Memcheck keeps track of memory by observing the standard malloc/free, new/ delete, and mmap/munmap system calls. But Memcheck doesn’t know how a program subdivides that memory internally without a little help, and this article will show you how to provide that help through specialized code annotations. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Learn_how_to_build,_train,_and_run_a PyTorch_model_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ To complement these resources, we have released a new data science learning path that will guide you through developing a PyTorch model that will be used to predict the onset of diabetes. This article describes the PyTorch learning path and provides an overview of OpenShift Data Science. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Digital_transformation:_5_tips to_help_your_team_thrive_amidst_change_|_The Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ When I was in the fifth grade, my family moved from a little town in the middle of nowhere to the bustling metropolis of Columbus, Ohio. On the one hand, I was terrified of all the changes headed my way – new people, a new school, and a whole lot of unknowns. On the other, I looked forward to the excitement of new friends, a new neighborhood, and the opportunities of a new school. When you introduce significant change to your organization, each team member becomes some version of that fifth grader. They probably handle their emotions better and more easily understand the big picture, but the fundamental feelings of fear, excitement, and uncertainty that come in reaction to change remain the same. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ How_SREs_can_help_you_stop managing_infrastructure_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Site Reliability Engineers (SREs) have a special set of skills and are in high demand. When the role was first introduced, it was a “behind the scenes” IT group that ran a specific service at massive scale for a public cloud provider. For enterprises that have SREs, finding, retaining, and efficiently utilizing their time is critical. The Red Hat SRE mission is: “Our team works side-by-side with customers, partners, and the leading cloud providers such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft to ensure your Red Hat OpenShift clusters are operating efficiently and at scale.” # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Quarkus_Superheroes:_Managed_services_save the_day_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Are you a developer building microservices? Do you struggle with developing and testing individual microservices that are part of a more extensive system? Would you rather focus on your applications and let something else manage the services they require? This article introduces the Quarkus Superheroes sample application, shows how to deploy it to the free Developer Sandbox for Red Hat OpenShift, and then illustrates how Java developers can modify the application to replace the backing services with fully managed services provided by Red Hat OpenShift Application Services. The article might seem long, but running the steps should take only 15 to 20 minutes. There are many screenshots to help guide you on your way. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Tiny_Jetson_Xavier_NX_mini_PC_gets_AI- powered_Oosto_video_analytics_software⠀⇛ The Oosto Vision AI Appliance is a palm-sized “near-edge” device based on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX system-on-module and running the company’s neural network models for video analytics that are optimized to support low-power devices, as opposed to servers with powerful GPUs. It’s not actually a new device, as the light gold color of the enclosure below looks like a model from AAEON, and indeed, it looks just like the AAEON BOXER-8251AI embedded box PC. That most probably means AAEON provides the hardware, and Oosto installs their video analytics software unto the device. It’s still interesting to look into the announcement, and Oosto has a TCO calculator that will put into context the cost involved in specialized B2B or B2G (business-to-government) solutions. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ New_Trailblazers_Fellowships_power open_hardware_in_academia_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ Witness the rise of open hardware! Last year, I wrote about how now is the time to start seriously thinking about a career in open source. Next, the UN backed open source, and earlier this year, the U.S. National Science Foundation began major funding for open source platform development. Now the Open Source Hardware Association (OSHWA) has teamed up with the Sloan Foundation to fund Open Hardware Trailblazers Fellowships. These Fellowships last one year and pay $50,000 or $100,000 to individuals to tackle some of the latest issues for integrating open hardware deep into academia. They want to connect a peer cohort of academic leaders pushing open hardware into academia and create a library of resources representing best practices in open source hardware in academia. My own work has shown that academics are willing to embrace open source with open arms. We surveyed American academics and found a supermajority (86.7%) of faculty respondents indicated a willingness to accept open source-endowed professorships. Open hardware is already going strong in academia, with three journals dedicated to publishing on the topic: HardwareX, the Journal of Open Hardware, and The Journal of Open Engineering. In addition, many other publications like Designs and PLOS One frequently publish open hardware content. The Gathering for Open Science Hardware (GOSH) continues to bring like minds together, and open hardware’s use in academia has become an area of study in and of itself. Notably, of course, open hardware decimates proprietary offerings on economic costs. As a general rule of thumb, subtract 90% from the price tag. There is a lot more money in the system to fund open hardware in academia as funders have noticed 100-1000 percent or more for the return on investment (ROI) of open source development after only a few months. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Lilbits:_/e/OS_(de-Googled_Android) turns_five_this_year_and_NVIDIA_unveils_Hooper_GPU architecture_(for_servers_first)⠀⇛ It’s been more than four years since developer Gaël Duval announced plans to develop a fork of Google’s Android operating system that would strip away Google apps and services to make a more privacy-centric mobile operating system. Since then, /e/OS has come a long way. You can even buy phones that come with the software pre-installed. Now Duval says that by the time the project celebrates its fifth birthday later this year, the platform might be mature enough to graduate from beta to stable with an /e/OS V1 release. The team is also working with phone makers including Fairphone and Terracube to bring more Murena-branded phones to the /e/OS shop. # ⚓ TechRadar ☛ Android_13’s_latest_beta_is_packed_full of_new_and_improved_features_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_change_your_DNS_server_on_Android_– Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ Screen Rant ☛ How_To_Change_Android’s_Font_Size_To Magnify_Text_|_Screen_Rant⠀⇛ # ⚓ Kim Kommando ☛ Stop_Android_malware:_Delete_Craftsart Cartoon_Photo_Tools_now⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Google_was_quietly_collecting_your Messages_and_Phone_app_data_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Tasker_6.0_beta_makes_it_easier_to get_started_with_one_of_Android’s_best_power-user apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ Some_Android_Phones_Will_Soon_Have_Insanely_Accurate Location_Tracking⠀⇛ # ⚓ Computer World ☛ A_fascinating_twist_at_the intersection_of_Android_and_Chrome_OS_|_Computerworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Unofficial_LineageOS_19.1_adds_Android 12L_to_Nexus_7_2013_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ One_UI_4.1_w/_Android_12_arrives_on_Samsung Galaxy_Tab_S6_(Lite),_S7_FE⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ BhaiLang:_A_toy_programming_language syntaxes_use_Hindi_slang⠀⇛ A new toy programming language that uses Hindi slang instead of typically sophisticated syntax which is written in TypeScript language. A day before, people started using BhaiLang to create funny material and shared it over social media, getting a huge response in terms of engagement. I must you should try once! # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Qt_Creator_7_Open-Source_IDE_Released, Adds_Wayland_Backend_for_Qt_on_Linux⠀⇛ Coming almost four months after Qt Creator 6, the Qt Creator 7 release is here to switch the default backend to Clangd, as well as to make use of the recently released LLVM 14 collection of modular and reusable compiler and toolchain technologies for C++ support. Qt Creator 7 uses Clangd for code completion and highlighting on the current document, as well as for global indexing. However, if you experience any issues with Clangd’s global indexing, the devs recommend that you disable the feature from C++ > Clangd > Enable background indexing. # § SE⠀➾ # ⚓ Growing_Pains_[_2022-03-23_]⠀⇛ The search engine index has grown quite considerably the last few weeks. It’s actually surpassed 50 million documents, which is quite some milestone. In February it was sitting at 27-28 million or so. About 80% of this is side-loading all of stackoverflow and stackexchange, and part of it is additional crawling. The crawler has to date fetched 91 million URLs, but only about a third of what is fetched actually qualifies for indexing for various reasons, some links may be dead, some may be redirects, some may just have too much javascript and cruft to qualify. As a result of this growth spurt, some scaling problems have made themselves apparent. This isn’t the first time this has happened, and it’s nothing that can’t be fixed. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ NASA’s_Insider_Threat_Program⠀⇛ o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Negative [Ed: Well, it has been getting harder to dodge it] ⠀⇛ There was another COVID case in the office, but we were not told who exactly it was. I’m sure that those who had contact to the person were notified. # ⚓ Bird_feeder,_part_2_🐦⠀⇛ All this I’ve seen because I’ve been at home so much in the last couple of years. Thanks, covid, but it doesn’t make up for all the bad stuff. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ MakeTech Easier ☛ Watermarks_to_Start_Appearing_on Unsupported_Windows_11_PCs [Ed: Microsoft reminds users of Windows who truly owns and controls these machines. They should move to GNU/Linux ASAP.]⠀⇛ You may have been patting yourself on the back after loading Windows 11 onto your unsupported machine. If so, your celebration will be ending soon. Some users with beta and preview releases of Windows 11 are seeing a watermark stating that their unsupported PCs don’t meet the system requirements. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Microsoft_confirms_they were_hacked_by_Lapsus$_extortion_group [Ed: Microsoft cannot even protect its own systems. Microsoft booster Lawrence Abrams will help deflect blame (blame the attacker, not the system)]⠀⇛ Microsoft has confirmed that one of their employees was compromised by the Lapsus$ hacking group, allowing the threat actors to access and steal portions of their source code. Last night, the Lapsus$ gang released 37GB of source code stolen from Microsoft’s Azure DevOps server. The source code is for various internal Microsoft projects, including for Bing, Cortana, and Bing Maps. # ⚓ Matthew Garrett ☛ Matthew_Garrett:_AMD’s_Pluton implementation_seems_to_be_controllable [Ed: Nobody_but_Microsoft_needs_this_thing_there_in the_first_place]⠀⇛ So, we have two mechanisms to disable Pluton – the PSP can tell it to turn itself off, or the x86 firmware can simply never speak to it or admit that it exists. Both of these imply that Pluton has started executing before it’s shut down, so it’s reasonable to wonder whether it can still do stuff. # ⚓ A_new_source_of_trust_for_your_platform_– Dasharo_with_Intel_TXT_support⠀⇛ Intel Trusted Execution Technology is a feature of Intel CPUs and chipsets to perform trusted measurement of the operating system software defined in Trusted Computing Group D-RTM architecture specification. Dell OptiPlex 7010 / 9010 is Intel TXT capable. All you need is an Intel TXT capable CPU (you may quickly check the Intel Trusted Execution Technology capability on Intel ARK for your processor). # ⚓ Daniel Stenberg ☛ Anatomy_of_a_ghost_CVE⠀⇛ On March 16 2022, the curl security team received an email in which the reporter highlighted an Apple web page. What can you tell us about this? I hadn’t seen it before. On this page with the title “About the security content of macOS Monterey 12.3”, said to have been published just two days prior, Apple mentions recent package upgrades and the page lists a bunch of products and what security fixes that were done for them in this update. Among the many products listed, curl is mentioned. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Updates:_Digital_rights_in_the_Russia-Ukraine conflict_–_Access_Now⠀⇛ Since February 15, Ukraine has suffered through over 3000 distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, while Amazon Web Services has reportedly detected numerous instances of malware targeting charities, NGOs, and other aid organizations providing relief to Ukraine. Civil society has been reporting increases in hacking and phishing, as well as arrests and confiscation of devices belonging to activists. New malicious software has also been detected by CERT-UA, a Ukrainian governmental body responsible for cybersecurity, including wiper malware CaddyWiper and SPECTR. Access Now calls for the immediate end to the escalating aggression, and supports the tireless efforts of the self-organizing IT-community in Ukraine, who are working to help protect the country on the cyber-frontline. Access Now is regularly updating our digital security tips (pinned above), and the 24/7 Digital Security Helpline continues to offer real-time, direct technical assistance and advice to civil society groups and activists, media organizations, journalists and bloggers, and human rights defenders affected by the invasion. # ⚓ Our_Response_to_the_SC’s_Technical_Committee_on_Pegasus #SaveOurPrivacy⠀⇛ The Technical Committee constituted by the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India to investigate the Pegasus revelations made in July 2021 reached out to IFF’s Executive Director, Mr. Apar Gupta with a questionnaire on the legality of surveillance in India. On March 17, 2022, we shared our responses with a detailed analysis that focussed on the need for comprehensive, legislative reforms. The first step to it is fixing accountability for Pegasus. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2614 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 03.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/3/2022:_GNU_Parallel_20220322,_Microsoft_Breaches⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:15 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 6_Fun_Linux_Distros_to_Try_if_You’re_a_Distro Hopper⠀⇛ There are many different flavors of Linux, and since most are free to use, there comes a point when you might feel compelled to try a bunch of them out. We call this distro-hopping. Some people distro hop for only a few months. Others find that the experience never grows dull. If you’ve tried out a few distributions and are looking for one that offers something different, here are six options that are worth taking for a spin. # ⚓ Purism ☛ Prepping_Your_Computers_For_an_Internet_Outage_– Purism⠀⇛ An internet connection is central to how we go about our lives. In the event of an internet outage that could last days or weeks, a bit of preparation, a bunch of disk space, and time to download a few resources are all you’ll need to prepare. Here is how you can host your own local services in the case of an internet outage. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Tech_Stack:_What_Is_It_And_How_To_Choose_The_Right_One_For Your_Web_App_Project?_|_Benzinga⠀⇛ The LAMP tech stack is known to be the classic of stacks. It has been popular because it offers technologies that allow you to build web apps in a fast and stable manner. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ We_tried_the_Asahi_Linux_alpha_on_an_M1 Mac_Mini_•_The_Register⠀⇛ How was your weekend? Ours was spent trying to persuade the first Asahi Linux Alpha release to run on some Apple silicon. The Alpha turned up at the end of last week and, sacrificial M1 Mac Mini in hand, we had a crack at firing up the distribution. Our hopes were not high – the poor device has also put in service running Insider builds of Windows on Arm (via the Parallels Desktop) and its disk was bulging with all manner of experimental software. But it all seemed boringly reliable considering the “alpha” and “proceed at your own risk” labels plastered over the distribution. # ⚓ ByteXD ☛ Linux_History_and_Why_Are_There_So_Many_Distros [Ed: This article makes it seem like everything started in 1991 and GNU is merely GCC, a compiler. This is gross revisionism, which helps nobody but bad faith actors.]⠀⇛ Unix was a project created by Bell Labs Engineers in 1969 with the aim of being a uniform operating system for all. It had become hugely popular and many big giant companies started using it. In 1983, Richard Stallman developed the GNU project. It was created to be an open source operating system like UNIX but better. But the developers of GNU started developing the utilities of an operating system first and thought of creating the kernel later. In 1991 Finnish-American Linus Benedict Torvalds, who was a computer science student from Helsinki created an operating system kernel as a personal hobby project. It was based on MINIX or mini-Unix, which is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture. He used the compiler used in GNU project, which we have discussed earlier. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ “New_discoveries_await…”_in_the_upcoming_Inkscape_1.2_About Screen_|_Inkscape⠀⇛ Congratulations to Inkscape artist Chris Hildenbrand, aka 2DGameartGuru, for “New discoveries await…”, which will be featured in Inkscape 1.2 as the About Screen! Chris Hildenbrand also submitted a second entry, featuring a blue Inkscape monster, to this contest. He creates vector graphics game art tutorials, which he publishes to his tutorials blog and to Youtube. # ⚓ Medevel ☛ Notable:_The_best_open-source_note-taking_and Markdown_editor_for_2022⠀⇛ Notable is a free, open-source note-taking application as well as a Markdown editor that you can use without fear of a vendor lockdown. Notable it may look a simple note editor, but it comes with a rich set of useful features, and yet to come in the near future. With Notable, you can create diagrams using Mermaid syntax, write down your KaTeX math code easily and Notable will render everything for you. # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ KeePassXC_2.7.0_is_a_Massive_Upgrade_with_Tags, Improved_Auto-Type,_and_Windows_Hello_Support⠀⇛ KeePassXC, the open-source password manager, has just got a major upgrade, one that includes some new exciting features and improvements For those unaware, KeePassXC is the community fork of the classic KeePassX. KeePassXC is a cross-platform password manager available for Linux, Windows, and macOS. It is built using Qt5 libraries. Moreover, it uses the same database format (.kdbx) as KeePass (Windows- only password manager). o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Enable_X11_and_Disable_Wayland_Window System⠀⇛ There are multiple ways to switch from the Wayland window system to the X11 window system, such as follows: 1. Easily switch from Wayland to the X11 Window system from the lockscreen. 2. Modify /etc/gdm3/daemon.conf or /etc/gdm3/ custom.conf to permanently disable Wayland. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_add_devices_to_monitor_with ManageEngine_OpManager_|_TechRepublic⠀⇛ ManageEngine OpManager is a powerful network, system, and application management tool for real- time, in-depth visibility and analysis of your network devices, WAN or VoIP links, servers, virtual servers and switches. Although OpManager is closed-source, it’s still a great option for deploying to your Linux servers to help you and your team stay abreast of what’s happening on your network. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_qbittorrent_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_Linux –_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Tutorial to learn the command to install qBittorrent on Debian 11 Bullseye using the terminal to download Torrent files. With the free and open-source qBittorrent download, you can easily exchange files with other users via the popular BitTorrent network. qbittorrent not only convinces with its compact size and tidy user interface but also scores with useful extras such as an integrated search or a browser-based remote control. qBittorrent supports Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, and Windows 11 and is available in separate editions for 32-bit and 64-bit systems. There are also versions for FreeBSD, Linux OS/2, and Mac OS. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_uGet_Download_Manager_on_Ubuntu 20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install uGet Download Manager on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, uGet is a very powerful download manager application with a large inventory of features such as download in multiple parallel streams for download acceleration, putting files in a download queue, pause & resume downloads, advanced category management. uGet also offers Browser Integration via an extension that supports: Firefox, Google Chrome, Chromium, Opera, and Vivaldi. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the uGet Download Manager on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_Exfil_Everything_–_Ricochet⠀⇛ So this is just my “functionally paranoid” (the motto of OpenBSD, by the way) estimate of where things are. I’ll describe two problems, one of which I call the trumpet problem, and the other is plain theft. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_phpBB_forum_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Tutorial to get the steps and commands for installing phpBB on Debian 11 Bullseye using the terminal for creating own forum. What is phpBB? phpBB is a fully scalable and customizable open- source forum. The software has a user-friendly interface and straightforward management options. It is based on PHP and MySQL. Well, phpBB is a group of international people who enjoy working on open-source software. This software was created in June 2000. There have been some changes in the licenses as well as in the management team of phpBB. The goals of the phpBB creators are still the same. They want to provide free forum software for the Internet. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ An_Increased_Security_Posture⠀⇛ Previous blog posts assumed a threat model of criminal organisations running ransomware. So I was interested in safe languages like Lisp and D (with the @safe annotation). There is some kind of migration path from existing systems to here. Similarly, although I didn’t mention it running on OpenBSD is another low- cost way to improve security. # ⚓ Brian Callahan ☛ I_built_the_new_gcobol_compiler_on OpenBSD⠀⇛ For those of you who keep tabs on the compiler space, you might have heard that last week an announcement was made on the GCC mailing list to share with the world gcobol, a new GCC frontend for COBOL. There has been some coverage of this new compiler but not too much. I did notice that a reply to the initial announcement mentions looking forward to gcobol being officially a part of GCC. So, like we did for the Modula-2 compiler, let’s make sure that when gcobol is merged into GCC, we will be assured that it works well on OpenBSD. Even better, the announcement email welcomes people to use it, so let’s do that. Maybe we’ll even learn some COBOL along the way. # ⚓ Data Swamp ☛ Keep_your_OpenBSD_system_cool_with obsdfreqd⠀⇛ Last week I wrote a system daemon to manage the CPU frequency from userland, entirely bypassing the kernel automatic mode. While this was more of a toy at first because I only implemented the same automatic mode used in the kernel but with all the variables being easily changed, I found it valuable for many use case to improve battery life or even temperature. The coolest feature I added today is to support a maximum temperature and let the program do its best to keep the CPU temperature below the limit. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ NVIDIA_Unveils_Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit⠀⇛ When you think of high-performance computing powered by NVIDIA hardware, you probably think of applications leveraging the capabilities of the company’s graphics cards. In many cases, you’d be right. But naturally there are situations where the traditional combination of x86 computer and bolt-on GPU simply isn’t going to cut it; try packing a modern gaming computer onto a quadcopter and let us know how it goes. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Ken Shirriff ☛ Inside_the_Apple-1′s_unusual_MOS_clock driver_chip⠀⇛ Apple’s first product was the Apple- 1 computer, introduced in 1976. This early microcomputer used an unusual type of storage for its display: shift register memory. Instead of storing data in RAM (random-access memory), it was stored in a 1024-position shift register. You put a bit into the shift register and 1024 clock cycles later, the bit pops out the other end. Since a shift- register memory didn’t require addressing circuitry, it could be manufactured more cheaply than a random-access memory chip.1 The downside, of course, is that you had to use bits as they became available, rather than access arbitrary memory locations. The behavior of shift-register memory was a good match for video circuitry, though, since characters are displayed on the screen in a fixed, repeating order (left to right and top to bottom).2 o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ RE_What_do_you_selfhost⠀⇛ # ⚓ India ☛ Wordle_Game_In_Hindi:_Try_‘Shabdle’_Hindi_Word Guessing_Game_And_How_to_Play⠀⇛ The website also notes, “Shabdle is inspired by Wordle and its many wonderful remixes. To validate words, it uses the GNU aspell Hindi dictionary. As such, the source code for Shabdle is licensed under GPLv2. The puzzle and keyboard are typeset in Laila by Indian Type Foundry.” # ⚓ PIA ☛ The_Fediverse:_Decentralized_Social_Media_for_Human Beings⠀⇛ Despite their popularity, all of these companies have huge problems, especially when it comes to privacy and surveillance. Instagram and Facebook, in particular, seem to encourage users to become the worst version of themselves, with abuse and threats a regular occurrence. # ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ After_Last_Year’s_Hack,_OSI_Elects_New Board_Members_Without_Incident⠀⇛ The Open Source Initiative announced on Monday that its members have cast their ballots for four board of directors’ seats. The votes have been counted, the results are in, and it all went off without a hitch. That’s good news, considering that last year’s OSI board election was hacked, which necessitated a re- vote and put a bit of undeserved egg on the faces of those running the show at one of open source’s most important organizations. In case you don’t know, OSI is the organization established back in 1998 to protect the Open Source Definition, and has been the official decider on what is and what is not an open source license ever since. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ India Times ☛ mozilla:_Mozilla_set_to_add_AV1 video_codec_support_to_the_Firefox_browser_– Times_of_India⠀⇛ Mozilla Foundation is set to incorporate support for the AV1 video codec to its upcoming Firefox 100 release. Android Police reports a recent Bugzilla update revealed that it will be available starting May 3, 2022. Currently, users can run the AV1 video codec on updated versions of Chrome or Edge browsers on a Windows 10 system that supports high-quality graphics. Google and Microsoft officially started supporting hardware acceleration on their flagship browsers in 2020. However, the Mozilla Foundation didn’t prioritise including AV1 video support in Firefox as it needs powerful hardware along with the current version of the software. As per Mozilla, users of such hardware amounted to a small percentage of PC users. # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ FSF ☛ Richard_Stallman:_The_state_of_the_free software_movement⠀⇛ Richard Stallman will be speaking about the free software movement and your freedom. His speech will be nontechnical, admission is gratis, and the public is encouraged to attend online. # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU ☛ GNU_Parallel_20220322_(‘Маріу́поль’)⠀⇛ GNU Parallel 20220322 (‘Маріу́поль’) has been released. It is available for download at: lbry://@GnuParallel:4 # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Rlang ☛ Coding_style,_coding_etiquette⠀⇛ Do you indent your code with one tab, two spaces, or eight spaces? Do you feel strongly about the location of the curly brace closing a function definition? Do you have naming preferences? You probably have picked up some habits along the way. In any case, having some sort of consistency in coding style will help those who read the code to understand, fix or enhance it. In this post, we shall share some resources about coding style, useful tools, and some remarks on etiquette. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ Java_18_Introduces_Features_to_Enable_New Developers⠀⇛ With Java 18, Oracle introduces a series of incremental features, many of which focus on easing application development. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Geeks For Geeks ☛ Top_Linux_Command_Line_Tips and_Tricks⠀⇛ Linux is a great OS that offers multiple options for simplifying tasks. It has everything you need for working more efficiently, whether a command- line or a GUI. However, many people don’t know the Linux command line’s short tricks and end up being stuck in complex tasks. An interface (text- based) through which you communicate with your system’s OS. That’s called a Command-Line. You can easily navigate to files and folders in your system and perform the task. Linux Command Line offers various techniques to play with folders. If you want to learn Top Linux Command Line Tips and Tricks, make sure you read this blog entirely. We have divided the following information into several parts. The first few are basics, others are directory-related, and the rest are advanced tips. Let’s read Tips and Tricks for Linux Commands: [...] # ⚓ Penny_Wise_and_Cloud_Foolish⠀⇛ As Corey Quinn so eloquently put it, “all cloud cost is fundamentally about architecture”. When designing for the cloud, pricing is one of the most important signals to take into account. Pricing and quotas indicate how the Cloud provider has designed the product, how they want you to think about the product, and how you should use it. The pricing changes Google is making strike at the heart of their customer’s applications and will force many customers to rearchitect their applications, or pay a much larger amount to keep their existing architecture. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Spin_City⠀⇛ When I was a child attending the Washington Street School (today a parking lot btw) there were regular “civil defense” drills. We practiced the “Duck and Cover” routine where we quickly “sheltered-in-place”—-diving under our wooden desks as the fire station’s siren blared or the school bell rang urgently. We were to believe that we perched on a knife-edge then too. Half a world away lurked the dark forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Luckily we, cowering under our desks, lived in The Free World. Although our country had incinerated two Japanese cities with nuclear bombs only a few years before, the pesky Soviets had now “caught up” with our doomsday technology. We were instructed that this Cold War between freedom and godless communism might suddenly get really hot and that we might become irradiated road- kill on the turnpike to Liberty&Justice4All. We did as we were told and then went home to play cowboys and Indians and watch a slightly pudgy Superman in bullet-proof kryptonian textile tights “leap tall buildings in a single bound” and battle for “Truth, Justice, and the American Way.” Those were simpler times however and it appears that The Man of Steel’s (he/him) motto is “evolving.” o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Down_Under_Flash_Flood:_5_Easy_Pieces_of Fiction⠀⇛ He saw himself more as a knight errant and drew distressed damsels by the numbers. He’d meet them riverside, push aside the crocodiles, fling off his armor and iconic helmet, drop his daks and join nature in its effervescent coos and calls, his woman of the day musically succumbing to his lavin’ and lovin’ by the hours, promises made never meant to be kept, pregnancies never meant to be wanted. No, Ned was a free man. You could say that much and never be wrong. But he grew weary, even at age 25, tired, tired of the damn debate, bar after bar, goofy, but manly farmers shouting him stouts to keep there just a little longer to tell just a few more tales of the bush and eluding the law on horseback.  Yeah. They loved the eluding part. But one night, in one new skanky Vic bar, the loquacious Ned watched come on the telly a film version of his life, starring Mick Jagger. “Well, fuck me sideways,” he goes, to a great wave of guffaws. But he wasn’t laughing. He went straight to the payphone and called the coppers to turn himself in. “Mick Jagger?  Not even the half-breed Mel Gibson?” o ⚓ The Nation ☛ In_the_Balance⠀⇛ Working women are at a crossroads. While they earned 82 percent of what men did in 2018, at the end of that year they made up half the paid workforce. “Women are not just working,” Claudia Goldin states in her new book, Career and Family. “They have meaningful careers that many manage, or intend, to combine with a family in an equitable marriage…. In all of world history, this has never happened before.” o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ I_don’t_know_How_To_Write_—Isaac_Asimov⠀⇛ For my recent birthday I received Isaac Asimov’s “Nightfall and Other Stories” and “I, Robot”. I remembered him as a great author from when I was younger, but hadn’t read anything of his for around 15 or so years. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Light Blue Touchpaper ☛ A_striking_memoir_by_Gus_Simmons⠀⇛ Gus Simmons is one of the pioneers of cryptography and computer security. His contributions to public- key cryptography, unconditional authentication, covert channels and information hiding earned him an honorary degree, fellowship of the IACR, and election to the Rothschild chair of mathematics when he visited us in Cambridge in 1996. And this was his hobby; his day job was a mathematician at Sandia National Laboratories, where he worked on satellite imagery, arms-control treaty verification, and the command and control of nuclear weapons. # ⚓ Daniel Miessler ☛ Thinking_About_the_Future_of_InfoSec_ (v2022)⠀⇛ I’m starting a new series with this 2022 edition where I think about what Information Security could or should look like in the distant future—say in 2050. The ideas will cover multiple aspects of InfoSec, from organizational structure to technology. I’m doing this for fun—basically to see how dumb I look later—but I also hope it’ll drive interesting discussions on where things should go. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Quick_Hacks:_Using_Staples_When_Recapping Motherboards⠀⇛ [Marcio Teixeira] needed to recap an old Apple Macintosh motherboard, and came across a simple hack to use common paper staples as a temporary heat shield (video, embedded below) during hot air rework. The problem with hot air rework is minimizing collateral damage; you’re wielding air at a temperature hot enough to melt solder, and it can be take quite a lot of experience to figure out how best to protect the more delicate parts from being damaged. Larger items take longer to heat due to their thermal mass but smaller parts can be very quickly damaged from excess heat, whilst trying to remove a nearby target. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Absolem_Is_A_Rabbit_Hole_Keyboard_Build⠀⇛ This is usually how it happens — [mrzealot] had been using some awful chiclet-style keyboard without much of a care, and topping out at 50-60 WPM using an enhanced hunt-and-peck method. But he really wanted back-lighting, and so got his first taste of the mech life with a Master Keys Pro S. Hooked, [mrzealot] started researching and building his endgame keyboard, as you do once bitten. It looked as though his type would have as few keys as possible, and thumb keys laid out in arcs. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Tune_Your_Dish_Antenna_Like_A_Pro⠀⇛ It’s a problem we all have at one time or another: your five-meter radio astronomy dish gets out of calibration and you don’t have a ridiculously expensive microwave holography rig on hand to diagnose it. OK, maybe this isn’t your problem, but when [Joe Martin]’s parabolic antenna got out of whack, he set out to diagnose and repair it, and then wrote up how he did it. You can download the PDF from his radio astronomy articles collection. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Old_Printer_Becomes_Direct_Laser_Lithography Machine⠀⇛ What does it take to make your own integrated circuits at home? It’s a question that relatively few intrepid hackers have tried to answer, and the answer is usually something along the lines of “a lot of second-hand equipment.” But it doesn’t all have to be cast-offs from a semiconductor fab, as [Zachary Tong] shows us with his homebrew direct laser lithography setup. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ The_New-Phone_Blues:_A_Reminder_That_Hackers Shouldn’t_Settle⠀⇛ For all the convenience and indispensability of having access to the sum total of human knowledge in the palm of your hand, the actual process of acquiring and configuring a smartphone can be an incredibly frustrating experience. Standing in those endless queues at the cell phone store, jumping through the administrative hoops, and staring in sticker shock at device that’s going to end its life dunked in a toilet, contribute to the frustration. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Satellite_Snoopers_Pick_Up_Surprising_TV Broadcast⠀⇛ While Internet based streaming services appear to be the future of television, there are still plenty of places where it comes into the home via a cable, satellite, or antenna connection. For most satellite transmissions this now means a digital multiplex carrying a host of channels from a geostationary satellite, for which a set-top box or other decoder is required. Imagine the surprise of satellite-watchers than when the Russian polar communications satellite Meridian 9 which has a highly elliptical orbit was seen transmitting old- style terrestrial analogue TV (ThreadReader Link). What on earth was happening? o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Corporate_Price-Gouging,_Lapsed_CTC_Send_US Families_to_Food_Banks_in_Droves⠀⇛ As grocery and gas bills surge amid what Sen. Bernie Sanders has called a period of “unprecedented corporate greed” in the United States, where congressional lawmakers have allowed most pandemic relief programs to expire, an increasing number of households are turning to food banks to stave off hunger, the Washington Post reported Monday. “We want to keep the social safety net intact. It’s still necessary as people get back on their feet.” # ⚓ The Verge ☛ The_CDC_is_still_trying_to_fix_its_data problem⠀⇛ The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the stark limitations of the US public health data systems: information is siloed at individual hospitals and local health departments and often takes a winding path before it gets to the federal level. Labs couldn’t send information on cases straight from their own data systems to the CDC, relying on emails and faxes to pass along information. Some data-collection programs required manual entry. It took weeks and months for federal agencies to figure out answers to questions that other countries had the systems to answer in real-time. # ⚓ BBC ☛ Xenotransplantation:_Are_pigs_the_future_of_organ transplants?⠀⇛ The frontiers of organ transplantation have been pushed further than ever before. The first organs taken from genetically engineered pigs have been put into people and the recipient of the first pig heart managed to survive for two months. So how close are we to using pigs for a limitless supply of organs to solve the global shortage? Silence descends on the operating theatre and the tension builds until it’s almost a physical presence in the room. # ⚓ COVID_Reclusion⠀⇛ It’s been only 38 hours or so since I tested positive for COVID, but it feels like it has been so much longer. I don’t feel too bad, really. The worst part is being hulled up in a corner of the house while my wife has to take care of our three kids all alone. It has definitely thrown off everyone’s rhythm. The kids are used to sleeping with me every night, and so our bedtime routine has become quite a challenge for my wife. Our two year old becomes overly demanding of her when he is tired, and is generally less cooperative toward her throughout the day. My wife has a few symptoms, but the self-test kits have all come out negative so far. I got a PCR test yesterday that came out positive, and I believe my wife is now required to get one too. I heard our five year-old coughing quite a bit out there earlier. I don’t know what will happen if we all get sick. So long as the symptoms are as mild as they have been for me, then it might be easier in a sense—at least then I could help take care of the kids. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ AppleInsider ☛ Apple_hit_with_second_iCloud_services outage_in_two_days⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Okta_[breach]_puts_thousands_of businesses_on_high_alert⠀⇛ Okta, an authentication company used by thousands of organizations around the world, has now confirmed an attacker had access to one of its employees’ laptops for five days in January 2022 and that around 2.5 percent of its customers may have been affected — but maintains its service “has not been breached and remains fully operational.” The disclosure comes as [cracking] group Lapsus$ has posted screenshots to its Telegram channel claiming to be of Okta’s internal systems, including one that appears to show Okta’s Slack channels, and another with a Cloudflare interface. # ⚓ Reuters ☛ [Crackers]_hit_authentication_firm_Okta, customers_‘may_have_been_impacted’⠀⇛ Chief Security Officer David Bradbury said in a blog post that a customer support engineer working for a third-party contractor had his computer accessed by the [crackers] for a five-day period in mid-January and that “the potential impact to Okta customers is limited to the access that support engineers have.” # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Software_firm_investigates_digital breach⠀⇛ The software company said the breach could be related to an incident in January that was contained. Okta said it prevented the [attackers] from compromising the account of a third-party customer support engineer. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Okta_changes_tune,_says_about_375_customers hit_by_January_incident [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Identity services provider Okta has now changed its tune and says that 2.5% of its customers — which amounts to about 375 companies — have been affected by the January breach to which it admitted. # ⚓ Why_Don’t_You_Use_…⠀⇛ These have all happened to me. Technology X may be too expensive because we’re using another technology with a special discount that’s confidential. If the reasons are under NDA, then I also cannot share it. In one case I was interested in a technology, only to have the CEO of the company that developed it, under NDA, tell me that he was abandoning it. They had not announced this publicly. I’ve also privately chatted with key technology contributors at conferences who are looking for something different to work on, because they believe their own technology is doomed. At some companies, whatever reason may just be considered competitive knowledge and thus confidential. # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Embrace._Extend._Extinguish.⠀⇛ A timeless strategy for technical products. One of the most effective forms of API warfare which Microsoft was (is) most notorious for. From a 1994 internal memo at Microsoft on a strategy for building the “killer app” for the budding [Internet]. # ⚓ NPR ☛ The_U.S._warns_companies_to_stay_on_guard_for possible_Russian_cyberattacks [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Deputy National Security Adviser for Cyber and Emerging Technology Anne Neuberger called for companies to secure their systems, including implementing multifactor authentication, patching systems against known vulnerabilities, backing up data, running drills and engaging with federal authorities before a cyberattack happens. # ⚓ [Old] What_Are_the_Internet_Domains_Connected_to_the Conficker_Botnet?⠀⇛ These days, while Conficker is no longer among the world’s top threats, users of older Windows operating systems (OSs) or so-called “legacy systems” may still be vulnerable to the threat. Examples of industries that may have such systems in their networks include banks, industrial control systems (ICS) operators, and utility companies. This post sought to look at known Conficker indicators of compromise (IoCs) and find out if any of them remain online. # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Microsoft_confirms_Lapsus$_[crackers] stole_source_code_via_‘limited’_access⠀⇛ On Tuesday evening, after investigating, Microsoft confirmed the group that it calls DEV-0537 compromised “a single account” and stole parts of source code for some of its products. A blog post on its security site says Microsoft investigators have been tracking the Lapsus$ group for weeks, and details some of the methods they’ve used to compromise victims’ systems. According to the Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC), “the objective of DEV-0537 actors is to gain elevated access through stolen credentials that enable data theft and destructive attacks against a targeted organization, often resulting in extortion. Tactics and objectives indicate this is a cybercriminal actor motivated by theft and destruction.” # ⚓ PC World ☛ Nvidia’s_[crackers]_say_they’ve_stolen 37GB_of_Microsoft_code⠀⇛ Is there such a thing as a “celebrity [cracker] team?” If so, there appears to be one on the rise. A few weeks ago Nvidia was [breached], with internal documents and even encryption keys leaked in the bizarre follow- up. Now the same team of [crackers] claims that it’s infiltrated Microsoft, making away with 37 gigabytes of proprietary source code. A torrent file containing at least some Microsoft projects has been distributed. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ PC Mag ☛ Hacking_Group_Starts_Dumping_Files Allegedly_Stolen_From_Microsoft⠀⇛ # ⚓ Krebs On Security ☛ ‘Spam_Nation’_Villain Vrublevsky_Charged_With_Fraud⠀⇛ Pavel Vrublevsky, founder of the Russian payment technology firm ChronoPay and the antagonist in my 2014 book “Spam Nation,” was arrested in Moscow this month and charged with fraud. Russian authorities allege Vrublevsky operated several fraudulent SMS-based payment schemes, and facilitated money laundering for Hydra, the largest Russian darknet market. But according to information obtained by KrebsOnSecurity, it is equally likely Vrublevsky was arrested thanks to his propensity for carefully documenting the links between Russia’s state security services and the cybercriminal underground. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Site36 ☛ Screening_of_travellers:_U.S. wants_to_query_fingerprint_databases_in Europe⠀⇛ To participate in the Visa Waiver Programme, Israel allows U.S. authorities access to its biometric data. The government in Washington wants to make this mandatory for another 40 countries. # ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ To_Build_a_Digital Identity_System,_Governments_Must_Build Trust_About_Data_Collection:_Panelists⠀⇛ Trust in how governments handle data is a critical piece in developing a successful government digital identification system. Some governments around the world are incorporating a system in which citizens have a digital identity for verification. The United States Agency for International Development is involved in planning for digital identity to involve more people for its global aid and development programs. But the missing link is the need for people to trust their data is in good hands, according to experts. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Protocol ☛ Fires_around_Chernobyl_magnify_radiation_fears⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hungary ☛ “Sure,_I_am_holding_on,_but_Vasya_has_died._I recognized_him_by_his_hand.”⠀⇛ In the war Russia started against Ukraine almost a month ago, a barracks in Mykolayiv was the site of one of the rocket attacks with the highest number of casualties so far. While the rescue efforts were still underway among the rubble, the identification of the freshly recruited young and middle-aged soldiers had also begun. In spite of all, the city is holding on, even though both the city and the area around it have been subjected to numerous attacks. The majority of the population are Russian-speakers, but they want nothing to do with Putin, who claims that they need to be saved from Ukrainian nationalists. Translation by Andrea Horváth Kávai # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Ukrainian_Pacifist_in_Kyiv:_All_Sides_Have Fueled_the_War._Only_Comprehensive_Peace_Talks_Can_End_It⠀⇛ Hundreds of nonviolent antiwar protesters gathered in the Ukrainian city of Kherson on Monday to oppose Russian occupation of the city and object to involuntary military service. Russian forces used stun grenades and machine gun fire to disperse the crowd. Meanwhile, President Biden is expected to travel to a NATO summit this week in Brussels, where Western allies are preparing to discuss the response if Russia turns to using nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction. Both sides of the war must come together and deescalate, says Kyiv-based Ukrainian peace activist Yurii Sheliazhenko. “What we need is not escalation of conflict with more weapons, more sanctions, more hatred toward Russia and China, but of course, instead of that, we need comprehensive peace talks.” # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Absolute_Hellscape”:_Human_Rights_Watch Decries_Russian_Bombing_&_Siege_of_Mariupol⠀⇛ As Russian forces continue to besiege Ukrainian cities, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has accused them of reducing the southern city of Mariupol to ashes. All foreign journalists have fled the city as heavy shelling has driven most remaining civilians into hiding in their basements. We speak to Belkis Wille, who just left Ukraine after spending over three weeks documenting the effects of the war and describes “an absolute hellscape” in Mariupol. Disabled people and seniors are often unable to retreat into safe hiding places, says Wille, senior researcher at Human Rights Watch. “The people that we spoke to were the lucky ones. They were the ones with the means and the ability to get out of the city.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_New_Great_Game:_Can_Venezuela Negotiate_an_End_to_US_Deadly_Sanctions?⠀⇛ How the tables have turned. A high-level US delegation visited Venezuela on March 5, hoping to repair economic ties with Caracas. Venezuela, one of the world’s poorest countries partly due to US- Western sanctions is, for once, in the driving seat, capable of alleviating an impending US energy crisis if dialogue with Washington continues to move forward. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ 28_Million_in_East_Africa_at_Risk_of Extreme_Hunger_as_Ukraine_Crisis_Reverberates⠀⇛ As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine diverts both food and attention from Africa, Oxfam International warned Tuesday that up to 28 million people in the continent’s eastern nations are at risk of famine if a historic drought continues. “I think about what will my family eat, where will their next meal come from, whether I will get the daily jerrycan of water.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Any_Use_of_Tactical_Nukes_Denounced_as ‘Bat-Sh*t_F**king_Insane’⠀⇛ As the war in Ukraine continues to escalate, disarmament advocates and other observers expressed horror Tuesday over growing concerns that Russian or NATO forces would go so far as to deploy so- called “tactical” nuclear weapons—smaller warheads that are supposedly less destructive than the bombs the U.S. dropped on Japan in World War II. The new flurry of reaction was prompted by a New York Times story examining the potentially catastrophic implications of an exchange of smaller nuclear weapons, which both the U.S. and Russia possess in terrifying quantities. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Disabled_and_Older_People_Are_Suffering_the_Most in_Mariupol_Siege⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Amid_Russia’s_War,_Some_US_Hawks_Are_Calling_for Trillion-Dollar_Military_Budget⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ukraine’s_Children_Are_Vulnerable_to_Shady Adoption_Schemes⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ President_Zelensky_Phones_Taiwan’s_Leader Tsai_Ing-wen⠀⇛ Zelensky.  (Sobs, wordless.) Tsai.  What is it Volodya?  Calm down. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ UK-Iran_Relations:_Still_Held_Hostage?⠀⇛ The UK Foreign Office has continually tried to split the imprisonment of these Britons and payment of this debt as two different entities, with one not impacting the other. This construction has led to praise for Foreign Secretary Liz Truss for her role in the complicated diplomatic talks between the two countries. However, this problem does not seem to be complex at all, but is framed as being so as part of a narrative that has been created by the British government. Once the history is examined it is clear that the demands by Iran for the payment of this long standing debt are legitimate, this was even admitted by the Foreign Secretary. The debt stems from Britain’s refusal to return the 400 million pounds the Iranian government paid for 1,500 Chieftan tanks in 1971. But after the revolution in 1979 the new Iranian government received neither the vehicles or a refund. In order to repay this debt, the British government had to find ways around Western sanctions placed on Iran from 2018 when the Trump administration single-handedly collapsed the Iranian nuclear deal. The British government’s solution was to make sure that the 400 million pounds was used only for humanitarian purposes (potentially helping to repair some of the damages caused by Western sanctions on innocent Iranian civilians). It seems ironic that the country that took the money to provide Iran with weapons now enforces that this same money is not used for weaponry. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Fear_and_the_Ukrainian_War⠀⇛ Thucydides says that fear sparked the Peloponnesian War. Fear was behind Sparta’s attack on Athens. In the 50 years or so after the Persian wars, 479- 431 BCE, Sparta watched the rise of Athenian power with grave concern – and fear. This was the main reason for the breakout of the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Will_Ukraine_Write_the_Alt-Right’s Epitaph?⠀⇛ Some of the greatest offenders—Marine Le Pen in France, Matteo Salvini in Italy, Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, the UK’s Nigel Farage—have spent the last three weeks trying to reinvent themselves as staunch defenders of Ukraine. A select few have doubled down on their idiocy, chief among them Thierry Baudet in the Netherlands and Tucker Carlson from the land of Fox News. White nationalists aside, Putin’s once formidable alliance of global sympathizers has been hemorrhaging support by the day. Putin’s overreach in Ukraine may ultimately prove his political demise. But has the alt-right, in losing a massive political gamble, also earned a return ticket to the fringes from whence it came? # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ CounterPunch_Readers_Reply_to_My_Review_of Belfast_Kenneth_Branagh’s_Pathetic_Paean_to_Northern Ireland’s_Protestant_Fascists_and_British_Imperialism⠀⇛ So, the culture war needs to rage. So, I wrote the article and received some very thoughtful, often very positive responses. but also a few critical and dismissive ones that is what makes politics interesting. I  responded back to the people kind enough to write to me, even those who strongly disagreed with my assessment and politics. So, here are the Counterpunch Readers’ Comments. # ⚓ Mint Press News ☛ Ukraine’s_Propaganda_War:_International PR_Firms,_DC_Lobbyists_and_CIA_Cutouts⠀⇛ WASHINGTON DC — Since the Russian offensive inside Ukraine commenced on February 24, the Ukrainian military has cultivated the image of a plucky little army standing up to the Russian Goliath. To bolster the perception of Ukrainian military mettle, Kiev has churned out a steady stream of sophisticated propaganda aimed at stirring public and official support from Western countries. # ⚓ Mint Press News ☛ Chris_Hedges:_The_Lie_of_American Innocence⠀⇛ PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY (Scheerpost) — The branding of Vladimir Putin as a war criminal by Joe Biden, who lobbied for the Iraq war and staunchly supported the 20 years of carnage in the Middle East, is one more example of the hypocritical moral posturing sweeping across the United States. It is unclear how anyone would try Putin for war crimes since Russia, like the United States, does not recognize the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in The Hague. But justice is not the point. Politicians like Biden, who do not accept responsibility for our well-documented war crimes, bolster their moral credentials by demonizing their adversaries. They know the chance of Putin facing justice is zero. And they know their chance of facing justice is the same. # ⚓ Mint Press News ☛ US_and_NATO_Allies_Arm_Neo-Nazi_Units_in Ukraine_as_Foreign_Policy_Elites_Yearn_for_Afghan-style Insurgency⠀⇛ KIEV, UKRAINE (THE GRAYZONE) — Following urgent requests for arms from the Ukrainian government, at least 32 countries have announced their intention to ship billions of dollars in weapons into Ukraine for use against Russian forces in Ukraine. Photographic evidence shows that these weapons have already ended up in the hands of neo-Nazi paramilitaries – units which have already received training and arms the US and its NATO allies. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Before_US_Enters_New_Cold_War, Let’s_Remember_the_Costs_of_the_Last_One⠀⇛ A growing chorus of pundits and policymakers has suggested that Russia’s invasion of Ukraine marks the beginning of a new Cold War. If so, that means trillions of additional dollars for the Pentagon in the years to come coupled with a more aggressive military posture in every corner of the world. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Unfreeze_Afghan_Funds’_Demanded_After 13,000_Newborns_Die_From_Malnutrition⠀⇛ Human rights advocates are demanding that the United States immediately release billions of dollars which it seized from Afghanistan’s Central Bank after ending its 20-year military occupation of the country last year, causing a devastating hunger crisis that has already killed thousands of Afghan newborns in 2022. “The country needs a functioning Central Bank. Aid is not enough.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_People_of_Yemen_Suffer Atrocities,_Too⠀⇛ The United Nations’ goal was to raise more than $4.2 billion for the people of war-torn Yemen by March 15. But when that deadline rolled around, just $1.3 billion had come in. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘My_prayers_alone_cannot_save_him’:_As_her_son fights_for_besieged_Mariupol,_this_Ukrainian_mother_refuses to_give_up_hope⠀⇛ War has completely changed the lives of millions of Ukrainians. While some fight for their country’s freedom, millions have been forced to flee abroad as refugees. Others remain in their homes, struggling to survive in wartime conditions and waiting to reunite with their loved ones. Iryna Egorchenko is a 43-year-old community leader in Kyiv, whose son is fighting in besieged Mariupol. When she spoke to Meduza, Iryna hadn’t heard from her son in almost a week. But she refuses to give up hope or give in to fear. In her own words, Iryna explains why she believes in bright future for Ukraine — and for Russia, too. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘We_were_lucky._Only_two_mortar_shells_hit_our house’:_A_survivor_of_the_siege_of_Mariupol_tells_the_story of_his_family’s_escape⠀⇛ Mariupol has been under siege for more than three weeks. More than 200,000 civilians remain trapped in the city, despite repeated attempts at evacuations. According to the Ukrainian authorities, around 20,000 Mariupol residents managed to flee through a humanitarian corridor on March 15. But a lucky few managed to get out of the city even earlier. Meduza spoke to one such person: Alexey, whose name has been changed for security reasons, was born and raised in Mariupol. In recent years, he’s been living in Kyiv, but he returned to his hometown on February 24, to celebrate his grandmother’s birthday. That same day, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine and Alexey ended up trapped in besieged Mariupol for almost three weeks. He escaped the city along with his parents and 10-year-old sister on March 14. Here’s how he and his family survived. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Publish_or_perish_Literary_critic_Galina Yuzefovich_on_how_sanctions_are_affecting_the_future_of Russia’s_book_industry⠀⇛ Like other sectors of the Russian economy, the book market hasn’t been spared the fallout from Moscow’s war against Ukraine and the ensuing Western sanctions. Despite the fact that many competing forms of entertainment are now unavailable to people in Russia, there are few reasons for those in the book business to celebrate. For Meduza, literary critic Galina Yuzefovich breaks down the problems facing Russia’s publishing industry today and what writers, publishers, booksellers, and readers fear is yet to come. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Compromises_Must_Be_Found’:_Zelenskyy Demands_Direct_Meeting_With_Putin⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said late Monday that direct talks with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin must take place if the two sides are to reach an agreement to end the war, which has been raging for nearly a month with devastating humanitarian consequences. “Without this meeting, it is impossible to fully understand what they are ready for in order to stop the war,” Zelenskyy said in an interview with Ukrainian media outlets, echoing a call he issued earlier this month—one that Putin did not accept. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Casualties_of_War⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Peace_on_Earth?_Not_Likely,_It_Seems.⠀⇛ Two years ago this week, shortly after President Donald Trump issued a proclamation declaring “A National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak,” under 45,000 Americans were infected. The pandemic death toll was still below 500. But the economic ramifications were already being felt, as fears about the rapid spread of the disease were leading to mass layoffs, stock-market turbulence, and genuine concern about whether Americans would be able to put food on the table and pay the rent. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Mariupol_May_be_Destroyed_in_Ukraine_War But_Stalingrad_Taught_Us_Even_Ruins_Can_be_Defended⠀⇛ It is also not much different from the American air force bombing of Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Syria, Israel’s bombing of Gaza and Saudi Arabia’s bombing of Yemen over the same period. These attacks are all supposedly aimed at military targets and all kill civilians in their thousands. This is not to let the Russians off the hook when it comes to war crimes, since striking at Ukrainian cities to depopulate and ultimately capture them appears to be the principal Russian tactic at present. This enables them to keep up a generalised pressure on the Ukrainians without much military cost to themselves, though the political price will be heavy and perhaps unsustainable for Moscow in the long term. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_CIA_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Lie_of_American_Innocence⠀⇛ We know who our most recent war criminals are, among others: George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, General Ricardo Sanchez, former CIA Director George Tenet, former Asst. Atty. Gen. Jay Bybee, former Dep. Asst. Atty. Gen. John Yoo, who set up the legal framework to authorize torture; the helicopter pilots who gunned down civilians, including two Reuters journalists, in the “Collateral Murder” video released by WikiLeaks. We have evidence of the crimes they committed. But, like Putin’s Russia, those who expose these crimes are silenced and persecuted. Julian Assange, even though he is not a US citizen and his WikiLeaks site is not a US-based publication, is charged under the US Espionage Act for making public numerous US war crimes. Assange, currently housed in a high security prison in London, is fighting a losing battle in the British courts to block his extradition to the United States, where he faces 175 years in prison. One set of rules for Russia, another set of rules for the United States. Weeping crocodile tears for the Russian media, which is being heavily censored by Putin, while ignoring the plight of the most important publisher of our generation speaks volumes about how much the ruling class cares about press freedom and truth. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_War_in_Ukraine_is_Sending_Russia-China Relations_in_New_Directions⠀⇛ But the effects of Russia’s invasion on Chinese- Russian relations have been far less discussed. In recent years, both Russia and China have publicly promoted their increasingly strong partnership. Chinese President Xi Jinping has called Russian President Vladimir Putin his “best friend,” while both Xi and Putin have described the current state of Chinese-Russian relations as “the best they’ve been in history.” This has been reflected in collaborative military drills, increasing weapons and energy deals between China and Russia, and public support for one another across their state-run media outlets and their dealings within international organizations like the UN. Since the previous Ukraine crisis in 2014, Moscow has been particularly eager to promote these developments in its relationship with Beijing to limit the effects of diplomatic isolation and economic sanctions imposed by the West. # ⚓ Quillette ☛ How_Many_Wars_Is_Russia_Fighting_in_Ukraine?⠀⇛ The bloody Russia-Ukraine war is arguably the largest and most complex inter-state conflict since the end of the Cold War. But Russia’s aggression is not just an act of an undeclared war on a sovereign nation. It can also be viewed as the most dramatic act of a long drama intended by Putin to finally divorce his country from Western civilization. Whether or not Russia ought to be considered a part of that civilisation has been the subject of many debates, and Putin seems to have had enough. He has now launched two wars—an external war and an internal one—and the West has responded by declaring total economic war on Russia, which has opened up a new front. So far, Moscow has been able to gain some ground domestically but these gains may prove to be fragile. # ⚓ Foreign Policy ☛ As_the_World_Watches_Ukraine,_Afghanistan Goes_Full_Taliban⠀⇛ Journalists continue to be detained and beaten, and hundreds of media organizations have been closed down, ensuring that Taliban activities—including arbitrary arrests and extrajudicial killings—are not reported. A high-ranking Afghan security source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said China is helping the Taliban build a TV station. # ⚓ Yes,_Portuguese_Protesters_Illuminated_Russian_Embassy_With Ukraine’s_Flag⠀⇛ # ⚓ Salon ☛ Pro-Trump_group_sent_armed_members_door-to-door_in Colorado_to_“intimidate”_voters:_Lawsuit⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ NewYorkTimes ☛ U.N._Chief_Warns_of_‘Catastrophe’_With Continued_Use_of_Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛ And the pollution that is dangerously heating the planet is continuing to increase. Global emissions are set to rise by 14 percent in the 2020s, and emissions from coal continue to surge, he said. “The 1.5 degree goal is on life support. It is in intensive care,” Mr. Guterres said in remarks delivered to a summit The Economist is hosting on sustainability via video address. “We are sleepwalking to climate catastrophe,” he said. “If we continue with more of the same, we can kiss 1.5 goodbye. Even 2 degrees may be out of reach. And that would be catastrophe.” # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Save_the_Children_rejects_$1m_Ukraine donation_from_North_Sea_oil_company⠀⇛ Save the Children told the Telegraph it is planning to “stop taking donations as soon as possible from companies whose core business is in fossil fuels” – risking controversy over whether it is losing out by shutting out an industry critical to Western energy security as the free world seeks to wean itself off dependence of Russian oil and gas. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Why_the_U.S._Postal_Service_Offers_a_Great Model_for_Other_Government_Services⠀⇛ While such broad support would ordinarily be cause for skepticism about how progressive a bill could be if Republicans in particular backed it, it turns out that an improbable alignment of factors helped the cause of reforming the USPS. In fact, progressives would do well to seize this chance to build on the model of success and efficiency, which a trusted and well-loved government agency is offering Americans. Monique Morrissey, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) who has closely studied the USPS for years, shared with me in a recent interview that she too was initially suspicious of the reform bill. Usually broad support “signals something that’s weak or ineffectual, or even bad,” she said. “Not in this case.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Watchdog_Finds_Postal_Service_Could_Serve 99%_of_Routes_With_Electric_Fleet⠀⇛ “A gas-guzzling fleet is clearly the wrong choice.” That’s what Congressman Jared Huffman (D-Calif.) said in response to a new report from the U.S. Postal Service Office of Inspector General (OIG) about how transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) would impact the USPS. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ USPS_Could_Reduce_Emissions_by_300_Percent_With All-Electric_Fleet,_Report_Finds⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Rich_Nations_Must_Cut_Off_Oil_and_Gas_by 2034_to_Keep_Climate_Hopes_Alive:_Report⠀⇛ Dire new research published Tuesday estimates that rich countries must end oil and gas production entirely by 2034 to give the world a 50% chance of limiting warming to 1.5°C by the close of the century—the Paris accord’s most ambitious climate target. Assembled by experts at the United Kingdom-based Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, the report finds that “immediate and deep cuts in the production of all fossil fuels” are needed worldwide to avert the worst of the ongoing climate emergency. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Groups_File_Suit_to_Compel_U.S._Interior Department_Transparency_on_Lack_of_Climate_Action⠀⇛ Climate and conservation groups sued the U.S. Interior Department late last Friday for failing to release public records, including documents behind the development of a federal oil and gas leasing report, related to President Biden’s 2021 executive order to address climate change. “President Biden’s executive order directed Interior to complete ‘a comprehensive review and reconsideration’ of the federal oil and gas leasing program in light of its significant contributions to the climate crisis,” said Barbara Chillcott, a senior attorney at the Western Environmental Law Center. “Interior’s report merely discusses royalty rates, minimum bids and bonding rates. The people deserve to know why their president, who campaigned on strong climate action, is failing so ‘comprehensively’ to fulfill these promises. Further, we deserve to know if the president is using our climate future as a political bargaining chip.” # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘The_History_of_Oil_Is_War’: Greenpeace_Confronts_Russian_Tanker_in_New_York⠀⇛ Underscoring that “oil fuels war,” Greenpeace USA activists on Tuesday protested the New York arrival of a tanker carrying Russian fossil fuel product, while calling for an “all-out mobilization” to transition to renewable energy. “True energy independence can only come from renewable energy.” # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Wealthy_Countries_Must_End_Oil_and_Gas Production_by_2034,_Report_Says⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Can_Texas_Ditch_Coal?_Easily,_Study Says,_With_Wind_and_Solar⠀⇛ New research out of Texas reveals how wind and solar can replace coal power across the state and serve as a “model for the nation” amid mounting scientific warnings about the necessity of keeping fossil fuels in the ground and shifting to renewable energy. “Simply put, it’s not always windy and not always sunny, but it’s almost always windy or sunny somewhere in Texas.” # ⚓ Bert Hubert ☛ About_That_Russian_Gas⠀⇛ As I write this post, this represents around 250 million euros per day of Russian gas being bought by Europe. We buy smaller but still very significant amounts of Russian oil and coal as well. # ⚓ Eesti Rahvusringhääling ☛ Free_country_bus_lines struggling_with_rising_fuel_costs⠀⇛ A basic rule for public transport is the higher the price at the petrol pump, the more people there will be and the higher the ticket prices need to be, ETV’s “Aktuaalne kaamera” reported on Sunday night. However, this rule cannot be followed by bus lines in the Estonian countryside which are free to use. Budgets and contracts were negotiated long before prices rose. Go Group head Jüri Etverk said, according to the contracts, it is necessary to use gas buses but compensation is based on diesel prices. However, he said while diesel has increased by 70 percent, the price of gas has gone through the roof and risen by 200 percent. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Despite_Oceans_‘In_Crisis,’_Global Treaty_Talks_Falter⠀⇛ In the wake of collapsed U.N.-backed talks, ocean defenders this week are urging global governments to reach a robust treaty by year’s end to safeguard the world’s high seas from exploitation and the climate crisis. “The high seas occupy almost half of the globe and we are watching biodiversity being threatened and lost right in front of our eyes.” o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_US_Needs_a_People’s_Economic Democracy⠀⇛ As economists and policymakers are seeking to explain the “Great Resignation” sweeping the labor market, the traditional wage and hour issues became less important to employees than in the recent past, according to a recent report. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Khanna-Warren_Bill_Would_Ban_Wall_Street Profiteering_on_Water_Scarcity⠀⇛ Rep. Ro Khanna and Sen. Elizabeth Warren on Tuesday introduced the Future of Water Act, which would prevent Wall Street from speculating on life- sustaining water resources in an attempt to profit from current and projected scarcity under fossil fuel-intensified drought conditions. “Water must be managed as a public resource, not a corporate profit center.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Abolish_the_Debt_Sentence⠀⇛ On a recent trip to Albany, New York City Mayor Eric Adams pushed for revision of the state’s bail reform law, in light of the murders of Michelle Go and Christina Yuna Lee, pressing lawmakers to give judges more discretionary power concerning pretrial detention. Mayor Adams’s political tussling over bail reform last month was not new. Since it was introduced in April 2019 by the state legislature, the reform has been fiercely debated in the context of “public safety,” but the relationship between cash bail and criminal justice debt has not been adequately included in these conversations: How does the accrual of criminal justice debt affect public safety in the long run? # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Bernie_Sanders_Calls_for_the_Cancellation_of_All Medical_Debt⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Bernie_Sanders_to_Returning_Starbucks_CEO Howard_Schultz:_‘End_the_Union-Busting’⠀⇛ With Howard Schultz set to begin his third tenure as Starbucks CEO next month amid a growing wave of labor organizing at coffee shops across the U.S., Sen. Bernie Sanders on Tuesday demanded that the billionaire bring an immediate end to the “massive union-busting campaign” led by the company’s retiring chief executive. “Mr. Schultz: This is a pivotal moment for Starbucks. As you return to the company, it is time to do the right thing.” # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Sanders_Tells_Starbucks_CEO_to_Stop_Union Busting_and_“Obey_the_Law”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders_Opposes_America_COMPETES_Act_Over Billions_in_‘Corporate_Welfare’⠀⇛ U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders made clear Tuesday that he would not support the upper chamber’s unanimous approval of a global competition bill without changes to provisions he denounced as “corporate welfare.” “The American people want Congress to address corporate greed.” o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ When_Politics_Kills:_Kimberley_Kitching, Politics_and_Bullying⠀⇛ The late Victorian Senator Kimberley Kitching of the Australian Labor Party did not shy away from the contest.  She lacked timidity.  Former Labor opposition leader Bill Shorten described her as having a “serene intellect”.  Colleagues across the aisle saw good reason to appreciate her.  Journalist Joe Hildebrand saw her as “Labor’s fabled light on the hill”, a skilled “pragmatic centrist who illuminated ideological idiocy.” The burgeoning file of condolences also featured a letter to Kitching’s husband, Andrew Landeryou, authored by the Dalai Lama himself.  “Senator Kitching was a steadfast supporter and a friend of the Tibetan leader,” wrote the spiritual leader.  “As you know, I had the opportunity to meet her when she visited Dharamsala in 2017 with the delegation of parliamentarians.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ When_The_Press_Tries_to_Hide_or_Discredit the_Facts,_It_Discredits_Itself_Instead⠀⇛ The Streisand Effect — a tendency toward keen public interest in anything that looks like a cover-up — came to the rescue. If you were the least bit interested in presidential politics, you knew as much as you wanted to about the matter (and then some) in short order. The fallback plan, as is so often the case these days, was to trot out “former intelligence officials” in an attempt to discredit the laptop’s provenance and contents as a “Russian disinformation” operation. # ⚓ FAIR ☛ Escalation_Without_Consequences_on_the_Op-Ed_Page⠀⇛ Corporate media outlets are calling for the United States and its allies to react to Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine by escalating the war. The opinion pages are awash with pleas to pump ever- more deadly weaponry into the conflict, to choke Russian civilians with sanctions, and even to institute a “no-fly zone.” That such approaches gamble with thousands, and possibly millions, of lives doesn’t shake the resolve of the press’s armchair generals. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Bush_War_Crimes,_Guantánamo_in_Spotlight_at Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Hearings⠀⇛ U.S. Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson on Tuesday deflected attacks from Republican senators who questioned her work as a defense attorney for Guantánamo Bay detainees, as well as a false allegation that she called former Bush administration officials “war criminals.” “It’s horrific to see Sen. Graham create twisted knots of logic to justify indefinite detention without due process.” # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Ketanji_Brown_Jackson_Vows_to_Uphold_Equal Justice_Under_Law_at_Historic_SCOTUS_Confirmation_Hearing⠀⇛ Historic confirmation hearings are underway for Biden’s Supreme Court nominee Ketanji Brown Jackson. If confirmed, she will not only be the first Black woman but also the first former federal public defender to serve on the nation’s highest court. The first day of her hearings began Monday and was at times undercut by Republicans who attempted to mischaracterize her record, says Fatima Goss Graves, president and CEO of the National Women’s Law Center. Ultimately, the “depth and breadth of her experience” makes Jackson a refreshing addition to the bench, she adds. # ⚓ Hungary ☛ Former_Hungarian_ambassador_to_China_was_targeted with_Pegasus_–_shortly_before_becoming_senior_advisor_to Orbán⠀⇛ # ⚓ NBC ☛ Hacktivists,_new_and_veteran,_target_Russia_with_one of_cyber’s_oldest_tools⠀⇛ M’s tool is a simple one: Flooding Russian websites with fake web traffic, an old and basic cyberattack more commonly known as a distributed denial of service, or DDoS. He can execute it from the computer in his bedroom in Lviv, Ukraine. Though unsophisticated, the DDoS attack has had a renaissance during the opening weeks of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. And though the attacks do not tend to do much damage — many websites can either mitigate the attacks or come back online quickly — they’re a way for almost any hacktivist to participate. # ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ National_6G_Strategy_Bill_Passes Senate_Commerce_Committee⠀⇛ The council would be comprised of 15 members including the deputy secretary of Commerce, the assistant secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, the undersecretary of the National Institute of Standards, the chairperson of the Federal Communications Commission, and the director of the National Science Foundation. The council would also feature three members appointed by the majority leader of the Senate, two members appointed by the minority leader of the Senate, three members appointed by the Speaker of the House, and two members appointed by the minority leader of the House. # ⚓ NewYorkTimes ☛ Biden_warns_the_private_sector_that_Russia is_exploring_options_for_cyberattacks.⠀⇛ President Biden warned on Monday that Russia is exploring the possibility of waging potential cyberattacks against the United States in retaliation for economic penalties imposed on Moscow for the invasion of Ukraine. In a statement issued days before he is set to travel to Brussels for a NATO summit, Mr. Biden encouraged private sector companies in the United States to strengthen their cybersecurity against a potential breach by Russia. # ⚓ CNBC ☛ Porn_star_Stormy_Daniels_loses_appeal_in_Trump_case, owes_former_president_almost_$300,000⠀⇛ Porn star Stormy Daniels must pay ex-President Donald Trump nearly $300,000 in attorneys’ fees, a federal appeals court said in a ruling upholding a judge’s order in her failed defamation lawsuit. The ruling likely ends a yearslong legal feud between Daniels and Trump related to her claim that they had sex one time in 2006. The amount Daniels owes Trump in the case is about the same amount that she was swindled out of by Michael Avenatti, her former lawyer. “I will go to jail before I pay a penny,” Daniels tweeted. Trump’s own former attorney, Michael Cohen, pleaded guilty to crimes that included ones related to hush money payments he facilitated to Daniels and another women before the 2016 election. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Ericsson_CEO_claims_he_told_staff_to_give_full Iraq_report_to_DoJ⠀⇛ Börje Ekholm said during a call with shareholders on Tuesday: “It’s correct that I instructed to disclose fully to the DOJ and then of course we have an internal process … I will not go into those details,” according to a Reuters report. The call was held ahead of Ericsson’s annual general meeting on 29 March at which shareholders have been advised to vote out the CEO in the wake of the disclosure about the Iraq dealings and the subsequent drop in the company’s share price, which was down by about a third after reports of the alleged bribery were made public in February. The report cited a source as saying that only parts of the 77-page probe had been given to the DoJ. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Don’t_Donate_to_Ukraine_Through_This_Facebook_Crypto_Scam⠀⇛ o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Tesla_Fires_Employee_For_Posting_Critical Footage_To_YouTube⠀⇛ It’s always difficult for me to land on an overall opinion of Elon Musk’s Tesla company. On the one hand, sure, the company has been instrumental in pushing the auto industry forward on electric vehicles. Whether Tesla will dominate that space in the future is an open question, but there can’t be too much doubt that more electric vehicles are being sold and used today simply because Tesla exists. On the other hand, both Musk and Tesla often times have taken actions that make them seem some combination of thin-skinned, willing to inflate the capabilities of their products, and even just overall being asshats. # ⚓ NewYorkTimes ☛ Your_Wednesday_Briefing:_Russia_Extends Navalny’s_Sentence⠀⇛ Navalny’s extended sentence came as Russia amended an already draconian censorship law to make “discrediting” the activities abroad of all government bodies a potentially criminal offense, punishable by up to 15 years in prison. Navalny has been urging Russians to protest the invasion of Ukraine through letters from jail that his lawyers post on social media. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_War_on_Weed_Decimated_My_Community—Will There_Be_Restitution?⠀⇛ I’m a Black high school student who goes to Brooklyn Tech. I’m from Harlem. School is interesting, with lots of different people from what I’m used to. I found a group of guys I think are my friends. We smoke at Fort Greene Park after school. I started selling weed when a white lady said we smelled good and was wondering if any of us could supply her with some. Now I buy a dub uptown to smoke half and sell the other half for a dub at school. I’ve never had my own money, so it’s cool. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ From_Opium_to_Saffron,_the_Ancients_Knew_a Thing_or_Two_About_Drugs⠀⇛ Thousands of years ago, in spaces darkly enclosed or dazzlingly open, many in the ancient Mediterranean and Near East consumed psychoactive substances that helped transport them into altered states of consciousness. Guided by skilled specialists, they danced, chanted, and drummed, often remarkably adorned and masked. Or they held perfectly still, in the throes of trance or waking dreams. They saw psychedelic art without and hallucinatory visions within. They journeyed near and far to sanctuaries and ritual settings, where individually and collectively they sought an experience beyond the ordinary—what the Greeks termed ekstasis.1 # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Secret_Black_History_of_LSD⠀⇛ Born of America’s Cold War paranoia that the Soviets had achieved breakthroughs in the development of mind control drugs, Project MK-Ultra was the CIA’s covert counter-operation to locate the ultimate “truth serum” for interrogations, as hearings on the project later described it. Approved in 1953 by then–CIA director Allen Dulles, MK-Ultra primarily involved the secret—and highly illegal—“administration of LSD to unwitting individuals,” according to the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities in its 1975 investigative report. In 1977, roughly 16,000 pages of misfiled documents were unearthed showing that the “25-year, $25-million effort by the [CIA] to learn how to control the human mind,” in The New York Times’ description, not only saw the US government dose thousands of American (and Canadian) citizens with LSD without their knowledge or consent, but also disproportionately target those “who could not fight back,” as one CIA official admitted.1 # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ COVID-Fueled_Solitary_Confinement_Still_Plagues Prisons_and_Jails⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_President_Biden:_Stop_Blocking Immigrants_at_the_Border_in_the_Name_of_Covid⠀⇛ My mother-in-law is 91. She came to the United States from Korea in 1966 with a baby in her arms. The U.S. welcomed her. She worked hard as a pastor’s wife and on an electronics assembly line and built a stable future and life for her family in Portland, Oregon. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Techdirt_Legal_Misunderstanding_March_Madness Round_One_Is_Underway⠀⇛ Yesterday we announced the inaugural Techdirt Legal Misunderstand March Madness tournament. You can still get and fill out your own tournament bracket, and tweet it at us if you’d like (though our mentions are full of so many brackets!). # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_UK’s_Online_Safety_Bill_Would_Be_A_Complete And_Utter_Disaster_For_An_Open_Internet⠀⇛ We already knew that the UK’s Online Safety Bill was going to be an utter disaster for the open internet, because that had been made clear early on. Last week, the government finally unveiled the latest version of the Online Safety Bill and it’s perhaps even worse than expected. It’s 225 pages of completely misunderstanding the internet, and thinking that if they just threaten companies to fix the internet, that will magically make the world work. Last year, when an initial draft was released, we noted that it was a near identical copy to the way that China’s Great Firewall initially worked, because it just sort of handwaves the idea that online service providers need to stop bad stuff… or else. And rather than recognize that’s a problem, the Online Safety Bill leans into it. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Taxpayers_Shell_Out_$900k_To_Cover_For_Cops_Who Charged_64_People_With_Possessing_1_Oz._Of_Weed⠀⇛ You’ve presumably read the headline. Let’s take a look at how we got there. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sanctioning_Oligarchs⠀⇛ Yes, Putin’s Russian oligarchs have lots Of London mansions, not to mention yachts. A yacht that’s seized brings pressure hard to bear— Unless, of course, that Russian has a spare. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ It’s_All_Oligarchs_All_the_Way_Down⠀⇛ In Great Britain they occupy Russian oligarchs’ houses and “take over” their yachts (what the hell are they going to do with them?).  Here in the US a large majority, especially those who have to sell their labor to survive, know we have “our own” oligarchs, the infamous 1%.  This class fragment of the hyper-wealthy, led by financiers, military contractors and oil corporations, easily surpasses their Russian rivals, as Jeffrey St. Clair points out in his most recent Roaming Charges column in CounterPunch. US corporations have, over a century of capitalist competition, concentrated in their hands ownership of means of production and control of institutions (including the Pentagon), politics (both big- business-run parties) as well as mass media, “education,” and (mis)information dissemination. Now they are taking advantage of fomenting another world conflict, arguably the most dangerous one since the last confrontation with Russia over missiles in Cuba, to continue selling weapons, oil, and looting the world’s working class and the world environment. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Flacks_for_the_Rich_Tell_One_Philanthropy Story,_the_Numbers_Tell_Another⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Pandemic_Made_the_Rich_$1.7_Trillion Richer⠀⇛ Two years ago this week, shortly after President Donald Trump issued a proclamation declaring “A National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak,” under 45,000 Americans were infected. The pandemic death toll was still below 500. But the economic ramifications were already being felt, as fears about the rapid spread of the disease were leading to mass layoffs, stock-market turbulence, and genuine concern about whether Americans would be able to put food on the table and pay the rent. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Oxfam:_Almost_one-third_of_US_workers_make_less than_$15_an_hour⠀⇛ Nearly a third of all U.S. workers make less than $15 an hour, and women, Black and Hispanic workers are significantly more likely to earn low wages than white men, according to new research by Oxfam. A report from the organization released Monday found that 31.9 percent of the U.S. workforce makes sub-$15 an hour wages, with broad racial, gender and geographic disparities that closely correlate to state-level policies. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Activist_investors_attempt_to_push through_racial_diversity_probe_at_Salesforce [Ed: Wait, they don’t_know_Salesforce_is_racist?]⠀⇛ A group of activist investors is targeting Salesforce in an effort to force the SaaS CRM giant to become the subject of an independent investigation into its practices regarding racial equality. Tulipshare, a platform for activist investors, has forced the proposal onto the ballot of Salesforce’s next Annual General Meeting. It requests that Salesforce commission an independent audit of the company’s impact on civil rights, equity, diversity, and inclusion. Antoine Argouges, Tulipshare chief executive and founder said: “Increased diversity in the workplace is linked to increased productivity, innovation and performance. With recent events such as the murder of George Floyd and the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are hopeful that Salesforce will take our request seriously and work collaboratively with us to come to a resolution.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Six_Republican_AGs_Try_To_Pretend_OAN_Was ‘Censored’_By_DirecTV⠀⇛ Last January DirecTV finally decided to kick fantasy and conspiracy channel One America News (OAN) off of their satellite TV lineup, likely dooming the “news” channel. It’s a channel relatively few people watch, and the company simply didn’t figure the controversy to income ratio was worth it, so DirecTV simply didn’t renew OAN’s carriage agreement when the time came. # ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Brazil’s_“Remuneration_Right”_will strengthen_Big_Tech_and_Big_Media⠀⇛ Brazil’s new “fake news” law raises many concerns, but one of the least-understood and most dangerous is the Remuneration Right, a “link tax” that requires tech platforms to pay for the inclusion of text snippets when their users link to news articles: https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/03/brazils- remuneration-right-strengthens-big-tech-and-big- media-cost-free-expressi The Remuneration Right was shoehorned into the legal proposal with little discussion or thought, and it shows. Structurally, the proposal is just a mess. For example, it makes an exemption for users who post the “IP address” of a news article. It took us quite a while to figure out that they meant “URL.” These gaffes are just the start of the problems, though. The real issue is with the proposal’s substance – or lack thereof. The proposed law doesn’t define key terms like “journalism” or even “use,” and it leaves the question of how the system will be administered to secondary regulation. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Buying_DRM-free_Ebooks_and_Audio_books⠀⇛ For ebooks going DRM-free can limit your choices. For example, I haven’t seen DRM-free versions of Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings out there. But sometimes you can buy DRM-free versions of books straight from the publisher. It is always worth going and checking it out. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ DoJ_accuses_Google_of_withholding_documents_in anti-trust_case⠀⇛ The US Department of Justice has accused Google of making “excessive and intentional efforts” to misuse its attorney-client privilege and hide business documents relevant to an anti-trust suit filed against the search firm in October 2020. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Big_Tech_‘Fundamentally_At_Odds_With Children’s_Well-Being,’_Advocates_Say⠀⇛ Calling Big Tech’s profit-maximizing business model “fundamentally at odds with children’s well-being,” a broad coalition of 60 leading advocacy groups working in public health, privacy, and education urged Congress on Tuesday to enact stronger online protections for young people. “Tech companies are more interested in profiting off of vulnerable children than taking steps to prevent them from getting hurt on their platforms.” # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Court_Tells_Convicted_Fraudster_Paul Hansmeier_To_Stop_Wasting_The_Court’s_Time_With Frivolous_Litigation⠀⇛ Old habits die hard, even when limited by incarceration. Convicted lawyer/Prenda mastermind Paul Hansmeier apparently isn’t going to let being locked up for 14 years steer him clear of recidivism. As was reported in late 2020 by TorrentFreak, Hansmeier began filing copyright litigation from a place he certainly shouldn’t be filing lawsuits alleging illegal actions after firing up yet another honeypot for torrented porn aficionados. # ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ CC_opposes_mandatory_copyright filters,_as_well_as_using_CC_to_justify_them⠀⇛ Their bill proposes to have the US Copyright Office mandate that all websites accepting user-uploaded material implement technologies to automatically filter that content. We’ve long believed that these kinds of mandates are overbroad, speech-limiting, and bad for both creators and reusers. (We’re joined in this view by others such as Techdirt, Public Knowledge, and EFF, who have already stated their opposition.) # ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ Creative_Commons_CEO_honored_as RSE_Fellow⠀⇛ The Fellowship is made up of the greatest thinkers, researchers, and practitioners working in or with Scotland today. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ MPA:_Google’s_Delisting_of_Thousands of_Pirate_Sites_Works⠀⇛ The MPA has teamed up with Google to remove pirate site domain names from search results in countries where these are already blocked by ISPs. No court has ordered Google to take action but the company is voluntarily complying with “no-fault” ISP injunctions. According to the MPA, this delisting of pirate sites is an effective tool in the fight against online piracy. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ PrimeWire:_We’ll_Ban_‘Pirate’ Streaming_Sources,_Introduce_Upload_Filters⠀⇛ One of the best-known pirate streaming sites says it will go to extreme lengths to prevent its latest new domain from being seized. In a response to a lawsuit filed by a coalition of major Hollywood studios and Netflix, PrimeWire claims it will ban all links to movies and TV shows hosted on cyberlocker- type sites, preemptively filter uploads, and promote legal content. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ TorrentFreak:_We’re_Turning_Off_The Comments…⠀⇛ When we started this site more than sixteen years ago, we never expected it to last this long. The fact that TorrentFreak is still around today is in large part thanks to our loyal readers. The commenters have played their part as well but, eventually, most things come to an end. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Routinely_Terrible_Anti-Piracy_Company Seeks_Court_Order_Preventing_TorrentFreak_From_Covering Its_Terribleness⠀⇛ Ah, MarkMonitor. (Please, my father is “Mr. Monitor.”) MarkMonitor has plenty of clients, few of which have been served competently during its tenure at the forefront of the “War Against Piracy.” ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5347 ➮ Generation completed at 02:43, i.e. 133 seconds to (re)generate ⟲