𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, April 23, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sun 24 Apr 02:40:43 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/04/23/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmTQQuAATQ3bx7aaCvuFeFsB7QuviwS2MdAiz9SW34tZeV QmanAKUKZgCyqdLttoPwN8UdE5JSFDVuH8vEncfJwtmqZ9 QmPA9baiheMyYvoirRpVxfonAnbATaW9SCDexu9yzCdwpR QmPP37AxLbRc3k9bp8hVPgJLkqdNKMo4NwWGy77QCsCNmS QmPTFnSBK7s4hJa6dWKXhRFqz7rSTw2b3nyJfUHGke9zsy QmTXSm48sqA6HLeyyDAbAxdJ8GTxKK6mhdZHkkxWhkTEcn QmPokuDJbuL2FN7E9h2TvVkafexTCncL78fivWTmKvQBfi QmTqpuqPNWmk4ozx55txjHjFtafRqSThGtE15RSdN3pHQu QmbtfZ2MSwgVe48AYaCyyRJLCKzUzRJAc2sRLYJGrNXrJf QmXXLtscfDbwVhn13YG3uYit85zkFCS4WjNa9MM64s3Ee4 QmPBJbJsX1TBvg8QRMe1HjeWiLJ1vdE72GnBdqt1JpSxPi QmciFvSx69P71MpCrYBDP6gaZb7eoyBP62KYXGaGDWQSGv QmZ1EKzSN6Av9encB5io5scJqSERUU6wHLzefDLBzzQ9Sy QmRs89gRxwqpNCWmw7xF1MAkZPkzf4k6rsBPQAXGRV1ib5 QmY6JFBqMQiuSt5KeGRmWmnUPcW18QDQm3eepU8DxTGEYV QmXiBYqvHTZ9Dm3RPw96UD2o4V4bhgfEZQZj8ds3Wawmnm QmSfKUr8nYNDDrrEjYSKeMg1rgZ73NY8Da3ikHMwy9QdiT QmNYJoJ9Ugk6bzW4kiqNd1XX3pDsY94QQQpPX6zvttdDqD QmV1eHWHRNxm9DLspjvUjeFdk6NvTiYcLCWvwH1WMxLvmr QmQqTBNQUDBHwqhe5DXPxQgvUpCPJ3nxybhExga3qmyuSs QmV9dsXk4xgy3qMWvESny4Qa35XgbLoeAZM7H2FPwKwGvC ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ [Meme] The Eastern Front (of Industrial Espionage) | Techrights ⦿ New EPO Series: From Belarus With Love - Teaser | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, April 22, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ From Belarus With Love — Part I: Schizophrenic EPO Policy | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/epo-industrial-espionage-2022/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/from-belarus-with-love/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/irc-log-220422/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/schizophrenic-epo-policy/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/earthly-adopts-free-software/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/kde-frameworks-barcode-scanner/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 57 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/epo-industrial-espionage-2022/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/04/23/epo-industrial-espionage-2022/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_The_Eastern_Front_(of_Industrial_Espionage)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 7:17 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇So_then_we_grab_data;_We_put_is_near_the_border;__Vlad_comes to_pick_it_up;_Just_like_Microsoft_and_the_NSA⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Dr._Red_Pill;_It's_OK,_we're_professionals⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Haar,_Munich,_and_Minsk⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_DPR⦈_ Summary: Industrial espionage of global scale and scope (applicants from all around the world) is made by possible by the EPO, which does not just outsource highly confidential data to the US (through_Microsoft_et_al) but also to the “bloc” on the eastern front; EPO DPR is nothing but optics, just like the_EPO's Ombuds_service 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO cruise⦈ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⣿⢿⣿⣟⣟⣿⡟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⢻⣽⣯⡹⣯⣯⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣶⣿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣼⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣿⡿⢛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⡿⣿⡿⢻⣿⡚⣻⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⡛⢉⣠⠊⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣀⣿⣷⣷⣸⣿⣿⡫⡿⢿⢛⡯⣻⢸⡟⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠿⠛⠋⠩⠀⢶⡏⠀⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣤⣧⣧⣦⣽⣧⣼⣿⣏⣻⣿⣯⣸⣇⣿⣄⣿⡲⠪⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠐⢠⡇⢠⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠶⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠖⠓⠛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣚⣂⡚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⡛⡀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡦⠅⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⢟⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠚⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⢿⣽⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⣀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢭⣤⡀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣶⣿⡿⣟⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣖⠺⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠻⠈⠻⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⢢⣀⠀⠰⠾⣛⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢻⢦⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠴⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⡿⣿⡯⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⢼⣾⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣾⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡧⡟⣇⣿⣿⢺⣺⢸⢸⡟⣿⣿⢿⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣽⢻⢽⣿⢹⣽⣽⢿⢹⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡷⠓⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠟⢻⡛⢉⣽⠉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⢺⣼⣸⣺⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣇⡗⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠟⠻⣿⡿⠏⠀⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⣿⣿⢇⣿⡟⣾⣮⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣸⣽⣿⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣧⠀⣽⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣼⣿⣽ ⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⡒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣻⣯⣿⣾⣿⣿⣖⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣭⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠄⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠷⠦⠤⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⢛⠻⣛⣧⣼⣶⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣣⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿ ⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠓⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣯⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠿⠆⠤⠀⠀⠀⣽⣍⣑⣂⣀⡀⠀⠘⠓⢒⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⢿⣽⣿⣿ ⠰⡗⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠸⠒⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠿⠿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠣⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠠⢄⠤⠤⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⠀⢸⠀⠰⢀⣿⣿⢸⠀⠄⠨⡇⠰⢾⠀⣶⠀⠀⡀⠀⠆⢸⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⠙⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠀⢸⠀⢰⠀⡿⣿⢸⠀⠁⠈⡇⠰⢾⠀⠟⠀⡾⠇⠀⢂⣹⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣡⣴⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⠈⠀⠀⠈⠁⢲⣾⡖⠂⠈⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣶⣿⡂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⡉⠛⣿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡇⢰⣆⡤⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣇⢐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠛⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣥⠀⢸⠀⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⢶⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⡤⣤⣶⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠀⠁⣹⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣤⡀⠀⠠⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠹⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣡⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⣷⡇⠀⠘⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣞⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠟⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣷⣾⣷⣽⣿⣟⡿⣷⢽⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣟⣮⣿⣿⠀⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠻⢳⢯⣻⣽⣿⣟⣿⣯⣵⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⡾⣟⢿⡷⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢟⣮⣻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣕⣻⣿⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣦⣌⡙⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⢿⢿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⢱⠀⣆⠀⡀⠸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢧⡇⣾⢾⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡟⡟⠻⠛⠿⠛⢻⢻⠟⢻ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⠛⠛⢻⢛⢻⡟⢻⠛⠛⠟⡟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⣀⢀⢙⢰⠘⢀⡈⠀⠀⡀⡇⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢹⢟⡽⠿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣭⣮⣽⣤⣥⣬⣤⣷⣿⣼⣾⣾⣭⣵⣴⣮⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣏⣿⣷⣾⣰⣜⠿⠥⠾⠶⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣗⢖⣸⣉⣹⣉⡍⣯⢩⣏⣽⡍⣽⡨⣏⣽⣽⢏⣿⢍⣇⣿⢅⣏⡹⣿⡰⣺⢉⡿⣉⣿⣰⣌⣍⢏⣹⣩⡯⣍⡇⡹⣉⣍⣿⠤⣋⢏⣹⣏⡏⣸⡇⡇⢼⣪⣶⣰⣿⣶⢸⢄⡡⡒⢼⠆⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢻⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢟⡿⠻⣿⡿⣿⢻⣿⠿⡻⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⡿⠿⠿⣿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣷⣿⡿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⡷⡿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⡾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣵⣷⣾⣿⣿⢾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣦⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣧⣿⣷⣯⣼⣤⣤⣴⣿⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣼⣤⣦⣮⣧⣦⣷⣥⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣯⣼⣤⣮⣤⣷⣥⣾⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣥⣮⣬⣾⣿⣮⣬⣬⣿⣿⣿⣮⣦⣮⣧⣧⣷⣦⣴⣤⣼⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣣⣩⣥⣩⣹⣋⣭⣁⣟⣹⣝⣉⣝⣁⣿⣫⣋⣯⣝⣉⣹⣉⣹⣀⣿⣫⣹⣫⣹⣟⣻⣙⣏⣭⣉⣉⣘⣭⣍⣿⣿⣫⣯⣟⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣫⣟⣿⣽⣟⣟⣝⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣻⣻⣿⣋⣛⣿⡟⣛⣛⢹⣹⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣭⣏⣻⡛⢛⣻⣟⡻⣹⠛⣛⣛⡛⣟⣹⣙⠛⡋⡛⣛⣹⣻⣹⡹⡿⣿⣯⡯⡍⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣧⣿⣯⣿⣘⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣼⣿⣝⣹⣸⣽⣭⣩⣩⣭⣽⣵⣯⣽⣷⣭⣯⣽⣥⣯⣽⣏⣭⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣬⣭⣭⣿⣬⣽⣯⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣏⣭⣽⣼⣬⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣝⣻⣿⣻⣿⣏⣻⣻⣏⣟⣏⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣟⣟⣟⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⡟⣟⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⡟⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢟⣿⡿⡻⡿⠛⢻⢛⢿⡿⡻⣿⢟⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⡿⢿⡟⡻⡻⣻⢿⢛⢻⣿⢿⠛⢟⢟⣟⢟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣯⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣥⣤⣮⣧⣽⣧⣾⣥⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣾⣶⣼⣿⣼⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣮⣾⣿⣿⣯⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⣧⣦⣶⣵⣽⣧⣦⣦⣴⣾⣽⣿⣼⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣷⣁⣾⣎⣿⣏⣏⣝⣏⣉⣉⣝⣯⣩⣝⣉⣉⣉⣝⣹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣉⣉⣉⣋⣩⣉⣉⣹⣙⣉⣍⣉⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣈⣏⣸⣽⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⡿⣛⡿⠛⡛⢿⡻⠟⣻⣻⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠛⡛⢻⢻⢿⠛⣻⠛⢛⢟⠟⢛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⣻⠻⢟⡛⠟⢹⠏⠟⠿⢻⠙⣛⡟⡛⢛⡏⢿⣿⠭⣻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⢿⡿⠿⡿⡟⠿⠿⢿⡿⠟⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⢿⣷⣷⣿⡿⡷⢿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣶⣿⣾⡶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⢿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⡿⣿⡿⣷⡾⣾⣶⡿⡾⣾⣾⣷⣿⡿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣧⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣽⣿⣿⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣼⣽⣭⣽⣯⣮⣥⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣭⣿⣿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣷⣦⣮⣮⣾⣦⣴⣥⣼⣼⣿⣯⣮⣮⣧⣽⣿⣷⣤⣥⣬⣾⣴⣮⣦⣶⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣵⣴⣽⣯⣿⣷⣼⣶⣽⣮⣆⣦⣥⣽⣼⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣭⣉⣉⣙⣉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⣙⣽⣿⣭⣉⣉⣍⣯⣻⣿⣻⣭⣫⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣝⣝⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⣩⣍⣏⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢻⢛⢿⠙⣛⡿⢻⡻⣛⢻⡟⡛⠟⠛⠟⢻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⠟⡛⢹⠛⢻⡻⠛⢛⢻⣿⢿⣿⢛⠛⡏⠟⣛⡻⣿⣿⣻⣿⢿⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣏⠙⠛⠟⢟⢿⡛⠻⠋⠛⠙⢻⡟⡟⣿⢟⢹⠉⣿⢻⡯⠹⠛⡟⣿⣉⢛⢿⠛⠛⠏⠛⢿⣿⡏⢙⢿⢿⡟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⡿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡇⢻⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⣴⡿⠛⠛⠛⢿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⢾⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡇⠈⣿⡀⢀⣿⣿⡏⠀⣴⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣷⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⠀⢹⣷⣸⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢈⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⠃⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢵⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠘⠻⠿⠃⠀⠘⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⡿⠀⠀⣸⣿⡏⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⢷⣶⣶⡾⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠒⠘⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠘⠆⠆⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠐⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣆⢸⠋⣧⣀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⣶⣶⡶⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣧⡿⢀⢺⣏⡏⠠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣧⢹⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⢧⢿⡼⠋⢁⡄⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣼⣯⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡀⠘⡾⠁⣠⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣔⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⡟⣇⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣧⠀⠀⣴⣿⠏⡄⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢟⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣵⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠘⢧⠀⠁⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⢞⣾⣷⣤⣤⣤⠆⠸⣦⣤⣤⣾⡟⡠⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⢅⡽⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡏⡷⣺⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⢸⣷⠀⠀⣠⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣞⣛⣙⢿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣑⣲⣾⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣋⣀⣧⣞⣈⣋⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣛⡟⡿⣻⣿⣿⡿⡻⣻⣿⣻⣿⣟⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣟⡿⣿⡿⣻⡟⢻⡋⣟⣹⣻⠻⣻⣿⣟⡿⣿⣻⣻⣟⣛⡟⢿⣛⡏⣿⣛⣟⣟⡛⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣟⣛⣟⠟⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣻⢿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣼⣶⣼⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣴⣰⣥⣵⣼⣥⣮⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣵⣵⣼⣯⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⣮⣾⣽⣵⣾⣰⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣦⣆⣷⣄⣤⣦⣵⣼⣵⣴⣧⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣻⣉⣍⣉⣩⣹⣉⣍⣉⣏⣯⣫⣹⣉⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣝⣏⣍⣿⣝⣏⣹⣉⣹⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⢻⢻⣿⢿⠛⠛⠛⢻⠻⠛⠛⡻⠟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢻⡟⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡻⠟⢛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⣽⣒⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⣹⣉⣿⣏⣉⣉⣹⣠⣿⣿⣿⣃⣟⣻⣀⣏⣉⣉⣝⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣽⣋⣉⣁⣏⣩⣩⣹⣿⣹⣿⣏⣉⣩⣿⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣟⢟⠿⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⣛⣛⢛⠛⡛⢛⢿⢟⣿⢹⠙⣛⡿⠛⣿⣛⣟⡻⢛⠛⠛⢟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣏⣞⣍⣉⣿⣋⣉⣉⣈⣨⣝⣏⣿⣟⣍⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣧⣿⣧⣾⣽⣿⣯⣿⣯⣽⣮⣼⣧⣤⣦⣤⣤⣴⣼⣽⣮⣾⣦⣷⣽⣯⣮⣤⣥⣧⣾⣯⣮⣴⣽⣿⣽⣿⣯⣤⣭⣤⣮⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣮⣿⣼⣯⣿⣽⣿⣿⣷⣦⣯⣬⣮⣾⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣽⣋⣻⣿⣭⣣⣧⣯⣽⣯⣙⣙⣝⣯⣧⣽⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣽⣯⣯⣉⣿⣫⣾⣟⣭⣯⣿⣿⣯⣹⣟⣌⣑⣉⣟⣭⣽⣬⣩⣣⣽⣭⣽⣉⣭⣻⣭⣟⣿⣽⣽⣍⣡⣹⣯⣫⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣻⣿⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣻⣟⣹⣋⣛⣙⣻⢻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣏⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢟⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⢻⢿⠿⢿⣻⠿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢹ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣀⢿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣛⠹⠼⡥⣈⡲⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢞⡀⡉⣽⣷⣿⢟⣬⣭⢭⢽⡻⠁⠙⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⣿⡾⠣⣚⣛⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢸⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣙⢿⣷⡐⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡅⣾⣿⠟⠻⠿⢿⢋⠻⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡎⣚⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣎⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟⠫⢓⡊⣿⣿⡟⡰⣢⣿⡿⠀⠁⣀⣴⣾⣦⡐⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠡⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⢷⡸⠪⢻⡏⠻⣇⠀⠆⠁⣶⠖⢊⡨⢴⣿⡿⢑⢊⣹⣿⡿⣽⠿⢻⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣛⢛⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⢿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⡋⢭⡙⡿⠛⠛⠿⠟⠘⠊⠑⠆⠲⠎⡩⠀⠠⠬⠀⠂⠄⠅⠄⠻⠑⠈⠠⠢⠀⠲⢋⠗⠌⠡⠊⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠎⣚⣭⣯⣤⣭⣿⡛⢤⣽⠿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⡿⢟⣛⣛⡻⠺⡻⣟⡟⣷⣎⠹⣄⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣾⢿⣿⣿⠺⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡜⢿⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢟⣯⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣲⣿⡑⢕⢼⢊⢷⢸⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⢟⣯⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⠀⠀⠀⠩⣶⣶⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠭⢥⣭⣓⡼⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡷⡆⠤⠤⠄⢕⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠠⣗⣶⣄⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡅⠋⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣗⡊⠼⠿⢟⣧⠴⡁⡀⠂⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣌⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢵⣿⣇⢸⣮⣍⠭⢾⣿⠿⢟⣻⣿⢟⡫⠆⣐⣛⠿⣓⣫⠩⢑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡖⠰⡖⠄⠓⠒⠒⠒⠐⠒⠒⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⢟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢟⡛⠛⡋⠐⠾⠿⠏⢀⢮⢻⣿⣶⡬⡩⠁⣭⣬⡥⠀⠀⠽⣽⠟⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⢠⡠⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⢃⠂⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⡋⢰⣶⣛⣓⣚⣓⣛⣛⣚⣓⣿⡆⣶⣶⣶⣭⣬⣤⣼⣛⣁⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣂⣙⣐⠃⢤⢠⣥⣑⠐⠡⡌⠡⣁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣱⢟⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣿⡀⣠⠆⢀⢄⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠵⣸⣿⣿⣿⣖⡆⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠜⣙⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠼⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⡾⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠷⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣁⣘⣀⣘⣠⣀⣀⣓⣤⣀⣆⣽⣀⣃⣀⣃⣈⣃⣗⣸⣄⣆⣐⣿⣄⣧⣀⣤⣠⣓⣠⣄⣇⣘⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⣻⣿⣟⡏⣬⣿⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣇⠡⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⢸ ⠀⡟⢻⡟⡇⢻⣿⣿⣷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠿⠋⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢸ ⠀⠈⢝⢛⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣴⣶⣄⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠉⠁⣨⠺⠣⣶⣻⣯⢻⢸ ⠀⣩⠌⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠨⠩⢀⣘⠓⠔⢸ ⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠙⠛⠚⠋⠋⠁⠁⠉⠋⠉⠀⠉⠋⠉⠋⠙⠋⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⡀⠁⡘⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 301 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/from-belarus-with-love/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/04/23/from-belarus-with-love/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ New_EPO_Series:_From_Belarus_With_Love_–_Teaser⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:40 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Belarus HTP reception⦈ The secret from Minsk Summary: A fourteen-part publication about the EPO will be released tonight, starting with Part I and continuing on a daily basis A new EPO series is currently being finalised for release. There will be 14 parts in total. This series is provisionally titled “From Belarus With Love” and it explores the EPO’s little-known connections to the Belarus IT sector. The main focus this time is on the EPO’s “outsourcing” partner SaM Solutions, a software development company ostensibly headquartered in Gilching near Munich. SaM’s Gilching office seems to be just a “postbox” and the company’s main “delivery center” is located in Minsk. “The main focus this time is on the EPO’s “outsourcing” partner SaM Solutions, a software development company ostensibly headquartered in Gilching near Munich. SaM’s Gilching office seems to be just a “postbox” and the company’s main “delivery center” is located in Minsk.”The series will also look more generally at the political situation in Belarus and the strained relationship between the IT sector and the Lukashenko regime. There was a long period of “peaceful coexistence” which came to an abrupt end in 2020 following a rigged Presidential election and a brutal crackdown against the opposition. The EPO’s dependency on the Belarus IT sector clearly has implications for the organisation’s “digital sovereignty”. The matter seems to deserve public scrutiny, especially against the background of current events in the Ukraine. More coming up soon. Watch this space… █ ⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠉⠉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⢀⣀⣉⣿⣷⣬⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠷⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠉⣁⣀⣉⣂⣠⣠⡁⠛⠶⠴⠛⠛⠶⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⣀⢀⣉⣿⣟⣛⠉⠉⠁⢀⣀⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠯⠽⠯⠍⠁⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣆⣄⣀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠽⠿⠥⠄⠀⣭ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣠⡄⢀⣤⣶⣶⣦⡀⠠⠠⢀⠀⠀⠠⢶⣠⣾⣷⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠷⠴⠶⠒⠂⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣷⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢇⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⡬⠐⠸⢹⢹⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⡇⣀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣴⠹⢾⣯⣶⣿⡷⠿⠟⠁⠀⠘⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢛⣛⣿⣧⣤⣀⣰⡀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢀⠀⣿⣿⡛⢻⣿⣇⣼⢸⣿⣿⠐⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡇⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣛⣿⣟⣻⣿⠿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⢒⠉⠀⣂⠀⠲⠶⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣯⠋⢸⣿⣿⠐⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠛⠛⠃⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿ ⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣥⣤⣤⣴⣤⡤⣶⣶⡦⣤⣤⢱⣶⣶⢻⡿⣿⣷⣯⣷⣴⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣯⣽⣿⣿⡿⠷⣶⣿⡋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⣿⣿⣶⡌⠙⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣟⣛⡆⠠⠤⡀⢘⣀⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣃⣋⢃⣹⣏⣍⣌⣬⣉⠉⣉⠩⢹⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⠿⣭⣅⣀⣈⣩⣆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⢿⢽⡇⣀⣀⠀⢀⢈⠈⠐⠒⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢓⣓⡻⢭⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡿⠯⢿⣿⣿⡿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣻⣙⣁⣁⠈⠉⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢦⠐⣿⣉⣉⣏⡇⠀⠀⢸⣯⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⡍⣫⣼⠞⠼⠃⠉⠁⠙⠋⢽⠆⠵⠑⡆⢀⢲⣦⣄⠀⠝⠿⣿⣦⠾⢒⣛⣒⣻⣶⣾⣿⣥⡔⠀⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⠙⠀⠍⠉⠀⠀⠂ ⠀⠀⠀⡈⠀⠘⠿⣟⢿⠇⠴⠶⠾⠿⠿⠦⠤⣤⣤⣀⠀⢈⠉⠑⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣟⣙⣀⣂⣗⣨⣀⠁⡂⠀⠨⢐⠸⢻⣫⡶⠥⠙⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢠⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⣄⠰⠤⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣤⢤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⡛⡛⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠙⠝⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠈⠀⠀⠀⠴⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠑⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠗⠳⡒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠈⢄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⠀ ⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢀⣀⣠⣦⣤⣿⣿⡿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⢙⠛⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣂⣤⡄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠉⡁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣠⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣠⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣧⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 386 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/irc-log-220422/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/04/23/irc-log-220422/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_April_22,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:28 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-220422.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-220422.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-220422.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-220422.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmRLe8SUoHMHieujA5xDGxMuupaVedWm3kr9ky3xeR1k6G #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmdyezG77uRypQg7bHtKQKGkn8MWkAKBV5qKxTGytA8YNC (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmWRGxsnmfyzhiwy69cf1f91J2ZXucKbsVxm68Tc9atNLj social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUL8twihuwgoeNuRC4qWSiLodq5wrD8uR8fVsg2kCzwk2 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmSkSbcEcoKSAYrzyXSVdWgUN1kXqm39LxhAJiGF4quU78 #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmfBNBMN6Rx5d9YjiWqo6dPPmrJRZLdyEoYasoFRQtgftb (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZ6HQYLeQxYXXan23qF7qPovK46zxdPHJgY6Mjfh1kCj2 #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmRGLr35aaaQ192ZYNVKm7Y3BpXREhnM5tpAWzpzuqwvGE (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmV9dsXk4xgy3qMWvESny4Qa35XgbLoeAZM7H2FPwKwGvC ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 513 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/04/23/schizophrenic-epo-policy/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/04/23/schizophrenic-epo-policy/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ From_Belarus_With_Love_—_Part_I:_Schizophrenic_EPO_Policy⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 4:49 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series parts: 1. YOU ARE HERE ☞ Schizophrenic EPO Policy 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Belarusian_Campinos⦈_ António‘s statement about Russian “military intervention” in the Ukraine caused a bit of a stir inside the EPO, but so far he is keeping very quiet about the EPO’s connections to the Belarusian IT sector. Summary: The EPO’s management must be terrified of EPO stakeholders discovering that they_help_fund_Belarus [PDF] On 1 March 2022 EPO President António Campinos issued a public_statement (warning: epo.org link) about the “ongoing military action” and “appalling violence” in the Ukraine. According to inside sources, the statement was drafted in close collaboration with the Administrative Council Chairman, Josef Kratochvil, and the President of the Boards of Appeal, Carl Josefsson. “According to inside sources, the statement was drafted in close collaboration with the Administrative Council Chairman, Josef Kratochvil, and the President of the Boards of Appeal, Carl Josefsson.”Some people are wondering whether Campinos also undertook a courtesy consultation with the Russian authorities before going public. This is because the EPO’s diplomatically formulated statement avoids using the word “war” – apparently in pre-emptive compliance with new_Russian_censorship laws that came into force a couple of days later. In his statement, Campinos announced that the EPO would “freeze our co- operation activities with the national patent offices of the Federation of Russia and of Belarus, as well as to put on hold our co-operation activities with the Eurasian Patent Organisation”. In the meantime, some eagle-eyed observers have noted that Campinos has remained silent about the EPO’s long-standing connections to the Belarusian IT sector. There’s nothing new or secret about these connections. As a matter of fact they go back quite a long way to the Benoît_Battistelli era. But so far they have escaped any real scrutiny, both within the EPO and outside. In June 2016, Techrights reported on the scandalous case of "Money_Flying_to Private_Companies_Without_Tenders_at_Battistelli’s_EPO". That article contained a fleeting reference to one of the leading beneficiaries of this largesse, namely a company called SaM Holding GmbH reportedly based at “Gilching, near Starnberg” (close to Munich). However, the “corporate headquarters” of SaM Holding GmbH in Gilching is something of a Potemkin façade. “…some eagle-eyed observers have noted that Campinos has remained silent about the EPO’s long-standing connections to the Belarusian IT sector.”SaM Holding GmbH is the parent company of a Minsk-based IT company that was founded in 1993 by a group of graduates from the Belarus_State_University_of_Informatics_and Radioelectronics. The SaM group’s organisational structure with its “head office” in Gilching near Munich cleverly conceals a “nearshore” coding operation whose “delivery center” is located in the Belarusian capital Minsk. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gilching⦈_ Gilching – a village near Munich providing a Potemkin façade which cleverly conceals a Belarusian software company. The clue is in the name SaM which stands for “Software aus Minsk” a German moniker meaning “Software from Minsk”. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇SaM_Solutions_praise⦈_ SaM Solutions lists the European Patent Office as one of its “blue chip” clients. In its company_presentations, the SaM group has always been eager to let the world know about its business relationship with the European Patent Office which it lists as one of its selected_clients. The company appears to takes great pride in a glowing_testimonial which it received from the EPO. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇SaM_Solutions_clients⦈_ A glowing testimonial to SaM Solutions from the EPO. For understandable reasons, the EPO has never been quite as keen about advertising its reciprocal connections to the Belarusian IT sector. In the light of recent developments – in particular, Belarusian_participation in Putin’s “special_military_operation” in the Ukraine – Team Campinos is probably going to be even more concerned about ensuring that this “open secret” doesn’t attract unwanted public attention. “…Team Campinos is probably going to be even more concerned about ensuring that this “open secret” doesn’t attract unwanted public attention.”But for people concerned about transparency, it seems like the right time to shine a spotlight on the EPO’s Belarusian software “outsourcing” partner, SaM Solutions. Our story begins with a look at the efforts of Belarusian despot Alexander Lukashenko to “techwash” his autocratic regime by creating his own post-Soviet “Silicon Valley” in Minsk. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣄⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢄⣴⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣛⣛⠻⠇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⢷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣡⠀⠀⣾⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠘⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⢉⡇⢸⠂⣾⠇⣼⣿⣟⠉⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡇⢀⣴⡾⡔⡟⠀⠯⠈⠙⠳⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠛⠀⠾⢿⠗⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⢸⣶⠇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡏⢹⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢃⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡄⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢿⠇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠋⠁⠀⢈⣷⣴⡆⢸⡧⠀⠀⣧⠀⠈⠀⢈⡀⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣿⣿⣧⣶⣞⣠⠔⣀⡀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠋⣁⣠⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣇⣶⣾⣆⡀⠃⡀⠀⠻⠇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠖⠅⠀⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠃⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡇⢹⠍⠟⠛⢤⡟⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⠈⠙⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣏⢼⢂⠆⡯⣸⡷⠀⣸⡟⢿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣷⣶⡻⠃⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠳⠶⢬⣤⣣⡃⡆⠎⢩⡱⢚⠿⠿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠄⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠙⠉⠈⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠓⠷⠶⢼⣔⣈⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣠⣾⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣇⣢⡄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⡄⠐⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠍⣀⠀⠀⠉⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡤⠛⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀ ⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣷⣧⣴⣾⣧⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⣁⣭⣾⣿⣷⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣯⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⡆⠀⠀ ⠀⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⢹⠀⡇⠠⠙⡟⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣛⠫⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢮⣽⣒⡂⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⡇⠘⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣵⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⡇⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠛⢿⣿⠿⢻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣽⣿⡿⢋⣴⡞⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢋⣥⣾⠿⡋⠁⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠁⠱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣬⣹⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠉⡍⠽⡻⠿⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣯⣭⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡉⠉⠛⠟⠛⠛⢋⣽⠛ ⡀⣠⡄⠔⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⢲⠐⠐⠈⠉⠉⡀⠍⠀⢀⠀⠤⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢠⡐⠀⠂⣲⣈⣀⣀⠉⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠁⠀⠠⠤⠤⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⠦⠳⠶ ⠓⠰⠀⢒⠀⠐⠂⠐⠂⠐⡉⡌⠬⡰⡠⠈⡼⣿⣷⣀⠞⠁⠯⡿⣿⡌⣺⡲⠛⠛⢉⠉⠋⡉⠁⠁⠀⠀⡉⠈⠥⣨⣍⠉⠑⠌⠭⢀⢃⢈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⠀⢑⠤⣤⣴⣷⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠁⠈⠉⠉⠏⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠃⠐⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣵⣄⣀⣀⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠆⠖⠁⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢀⠀⠈⠡⠝⣻⣿⣿⣯⢀⣤⡀⠀⣤⣀⣦⠀⠀⠰⠄⠉⠁ ⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠹⡄⠠⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⢀⣀⡋⠱⠈⠀⠫⠉⠀⠀⣠⣿⣯⠉⣠⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⠴⠊⠀⠀⠄⠀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠓⠂⠀⠈⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠘⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣌⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⣉⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠛⠉⢙⠄⠘⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣈⣀⣠⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⠄⠀⠄⠀⣔⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⢾⣦⠀⠀⢸⣿⣀⣉⡁⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣈⠻⣿⢼⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠭⠋⠉⡭⠀⠀⠄⠄⠀⠁⠳⢄⢀⠀⠀⣀⢠⢤⣽⣾⢇⣼⣿⠁⠀⡤⠨⡎⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⠃⠴⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⢘⡋⠀⠀⣜⡹⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⢸⢃⣄⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠈⣰⢆⣠⠗⠀⠀⠀⣠⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⢙⢃⡿⢻⣽⣴⣿⣿⠆⠀⣀⣴⡶⠀⠀⠈⠛⠋⢴⡠⠆⣴ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣻⠛⠳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠲⢈⠀⠒⢈⠃⣴⡌⡏⣴⣤⡇⠐⢒⣅⠂⢼⡀⠂⢽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠓⠀⠄⠋⠘⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣤⣷⣬⣦⣭⣤⣧⣬⣤⣧⣬⣭⣦⣭⣼⣤⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣤⣤⣥⣥⣧⣥⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢻⡇⠙⠀⡇⣤⠈⣿⡏⣠⡌⢉⢸⡇⢸⠃⡘⣿⢸⣿⡇⣧⠀⣤⡌⠋⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣶⣄⣇⣧⣀⣇⣉⣠⣿⣧⣈⣀⣸⣌⣁⣌⣰⣦⣸⣈⣉⣇⣿⣀⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣹⣍⣁⣉⣩⣉⣏⣈⣀⣩⣉⣍⣉⣈⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⡉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣹⣈⣉⣁⣏⣉⣁⣀⣅⣉⣩⡏⣁⣉⢁⣉⣅⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠄⡀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣱⣀⣁⣀⣇⣀⣇⣀⣀⣁⣀⡑⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠠⠀⡠⠠⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠌⠀⠨⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣿⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿ ⡇⠀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⢄⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⡇⠀⣿⡏⠋⠉⠁⠣⢼⠻⠿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⡰⢘⣘⢸⢘⣘⢨⣈⢨⢘⣘⠨⣈⠀⠘⣀⡠⠀⠀⢇⡐⠈⢸⢀⢐⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣇⣀⣸⣧⣤⣧⣦⣭⣧⣬⣴⣿⣆⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⡛⣛⢛⢛⢛⢛⠛⢛⢛⣛⢛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠛⠋⠋⠓⠓⠀⠊⠃⠛⠚⠘⠘⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⢁⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⡏⡍⡟⣿⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡏⣏⡹⡏⡏⢛⢹⡏⢿⢙⡏⡋⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⣙⣩⡉⣿⣩⣯⣿⣿⡇⡇⣿⢮⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣭⣙⣛⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⡏⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣦⣤⣿⣧⣤⣈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢭⣭⠍⣿⡏⢹⠈⣯⢹⣭⠉⣭⢋⣭⣽⠉⣿⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣙⣓⣒⣐⣒⣓⣶⣶⣿⡇⣠⣼⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⣿⢸⣿⢰⣿⣦⣍⢻⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⠉⢙⣛⢹⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡻⢻⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣷⣬⣥⣿⠀⣯⣼⣿⣬⣿⣭⣥⣼⣦⣭⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢠⣿⢁⠛⡟⡛⢆⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⢌⡞⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⠏⡌⡸⠠⢁⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠰⠡⡘⣇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣡⣉⣉⡧⢉⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⠃⡾⠟⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠭⠍⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣛⣻⡟⢻⡟⠛⣛⣻⡟⠛⣿⡟⠛⣿⠛⢛⣛⣿⠛⢻⡟⢻⠟⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⢻⣯⣍⣍⣭⣋⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡠⠄⢀⣄⢀⡤⣄⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣄⡉⠛⡇⢸⡇⠀⣉⣹⡇⡆⠸⢡⠀⣿⠀⢈⣉⣿⢰⡀⠃⢸⣄⡈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡓⣶⣼⣸⣾⡷⢞⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣴⣧⣼⣧⣤⣭⣽⣧⣿⣤⣾⣤⣿⣤⣬⣭⣿⣼⣷⣤⣼⣭⣭⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡀⣀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⣵⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠁⠁⠈⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠛⣚⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⣛⢛⢛⠟⣛⡛⣛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣠⣇⣀⣉⣈⣃⣨⣋⣉⣉⣽⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠐⢸⠆⣿⡇⣟⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠰⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⣉⣀⢸⡀⣉⢁⡉⣀⢁⣸⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⠉⣭⠙⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⡛⡟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⠿⠀⠶⠀⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣦⣶⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 746 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/04/2022:_New_Wine,_Earthly_Adopts_Free_Software⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:49 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ LHS_Episode_#464:_The_Weekender_XC⠀⇛ It’s time once again for The Weekender. This is our bi-weekly departure into the world of amateur radio contests, open source conventions, special events, listener challenges, hedonism and just plain fun. Thanks for listening and, if you happen to get a chance, feel free to call us or e-mail and send us some feedback. Tell us how we’re doing. We’d love to hear from you. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Hackaday_Podcast_165:_Old_Printers,_Dark_Towers, 3DP_Gaskets,_And_Wavy_Traces⠀⇛ Join Hackaday Editor-in-Chief Elliot Williams and Assignments Editor Kristina Panos as we gab about the most interesting hacks and stories of the previous week. This time, we start off by marveling over everything happening this weekend. Most urgently, it’s your last chance to enter the 2022 Sci-Fi contest, which closes Monday, April 25th at 8:30 AM Pacific Time sharp. Already got your hat in the ring? If you’re anywhere in the neighborhood of New Jersey, don’t miss the VCF’s Vintage Computer Festival East. Don’t want to leave the house? Then check out all the talks that start approximately right now, assuming you get your Hackaday Podcasts hot off the server. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Keep_your_Exif_metadata_private_with_this open_source_tool_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ These days, nearly everyone has a digital camera. Cameras are an integral part of smartphones and laptops. If you’re interacting with consumer electronics, you probably have a digital camera available. Accordingly, there are billions of digital images on the internet from various devices and sources. Each image from a digital camera has Exchangeable image file format (Exif) metadata embedded into it. Exif data provides information about where and when the picture was taken, the camera used to produce the image, the file size, MIME type, color space, and much more. Each picture you take with a digital camera contains numerous tags which provide a great deal of information, some of which might ordinarily be considered confidential. Major social media platforms maintain that they remove this metadata to protect users from cybercrime. That is not the case for folks who have their own blogs and wikis and are posting pictures of loved ones, family gatherings, and classrooms. A person could download an image from a site and gain access to damaging personal information stored in the metadata. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Serverside,_or_Clientside_WASM?⠀⇛ WebAssembly (WASM) is compilation target for many programming languages – you can compile things like Go to WASM, Rust to WASM, Python to WASM, etc. It also provides an execution environment for these binaries, one that is memory-safe, sandboxes, and can optionally be run inside a browser. WASM works both on the server side (as a contained execution and common runtime target) and on the client side (as an alternative to JavaScript for fat client applications in the browser). The question: Will WASM be more successful serverside, or clientside? # ⚓ How_to_install_Go_1.18_on_Ubuntu_22.04_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we are going to explore how to install go on Ubuntu 22.04 Golang is an open-source programming language that is easy to learn and use. It is built-in concurrency and has a robust standard library. It is reliable, builds fast, and efficient software that scales fast. Its concurrency mechanisms make it easy to write programs that get the most out of multicore and networked machines, while its novel-type systems enable flexible and modular program constructions. Go compiles quickly to machine code and has the convenience of garbage collection and the power of run-time reflection. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_&_Configure_UFW_Firewall_on Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ One of the keystones of any operating system is a properly configured firewall for complete system security. Ubuntu uses IP tables; however, most users will use software that works as a front end with UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall). Some of the great benefits of UFW are its simplicity, user-friendly and easy-to-use command line, making it great for beginners in Linux to the most advanced power users. In the following tutorial, you will learn to install and set up UFW Firewall on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish desktop or server using the command line terminal along with some basic examples of using UFW. Please note that the tutorial covers some points that are commonly used. UFW can achieve much more and be integrated into software such as ModSecurity and Fail2Ban, to name a few. Still, for the majority, this tutorial is a great start. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install/Upgrade_cURL_on_Ubuntu_22.04 LTS_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ cURL is a potent tool that can download and upload files. It has an easy-to-use interface, but it does require some getting accustomed to on the command line side of things if you don’t want your experience with this software limited by how much time you spend educating yourself about using curl’s features before realizing their potential in helping make systems more efficient! In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install the latest version of the cURL package using a well-known LaunchPAD PPA that provides the latest version for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish using the command line terminal. # ⚓ HowTo Forge ☛ How_to_Install_CyberPanel_on_Alma_Linux_8⠀⇛ # ⚓ Video_guide_to_install_OpenBSD_7.1_with_the_GNOME_desktop⠀⇛ I asked the community recently if they would like to have a video tutorial about installing OpenBSD, many people answered yes so here it is! I hope you will enjoy it, I’m quite happy of the result while I’m not myself fan of watching video tutorials. # ⚓ Play_stupid_games,_win_stupid_prizes⠀⇛ It’s not only Gemini bots having issues with redirects [1]. I’m poking around the logs from my webserver, when I scan all of them to see the breakdown of response codes my server is sending (for this month). # ⚓ I_have_now_wrapped_my_brain_around_how_it_got_that_link⠀⇛ This is, first and foremost, a blog on the web. Each entry is stored as HTML (HyperText Markup Language), and when a request is made via gopher [3] or Gemini [4], the entries making up the request are retrieved and converted to the appropriate format [5]. As part of that conversion, links to the blog itself have to be translated appropriately, and that’s where the error happened. # ⚓ How_to_transfer_files_between_devices⠀⇛ In general, I setup an openssh server on my computers and I use scp/sftp to transfer files. I setup an ssh key on the machines to avoid entering my password each time I transfer a file. On my iphone, I use the FTPManager app which has sftp to transfer files (my photos and videos) to my computers. # ⚓ [Old] Peeking_through_logs⠀⇛ I was reading an interesting and educational blog post, about the writer’s home infrastructure status. I was curious about it, because it mentioned syslog-ng, a project I used to be heavily involved with, and a project that’s still dear to my heart, even though I’m neither involved, nor am I using it any longer. It always warms my heart when I see people make good use of something I contributed a lot to. Tiny little trickles of joy, you know? # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Brasero_on_Ubuntu_20.04_/Linux Mint⠀⇛ Brasero is a free and open-source disc-burning program for Unix-like operating systems, it serves as a graphical front-end (using GTK) to cdrtools, cdrskin, growisofs, and (optionally) libburn. Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Redrift_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Redrift on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Pixeluvo_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Pixeluvo on Ubuntu 20.04 and Debian-based systems like Linux Mint. Pixeluvo is a Beautifully Designed Image and Photo Editor for Windows and Linux. It is an absolutely fantastic image editor. Pixeluvo is a beautifully designed image and photo editor for PC and Linux. From simple photo cropping and resizing to complex image manipulation with multiple adjustment layers and masks, Pixeluvo can handle just about all your day-to-day image editing requirements. With its high quality toolset and attention to detail this is software that is simply a pleasure to use. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Fail2Ban_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS –_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Fail2Ban is a robust intrusion prevention software framework that protects computer servers from Brute Force and other attacks. It achieves this by reading access/error logs on your server or web application, which can then be used to identify malicious users before they cause any damage! The software is very popular with public-facing servers. Whether you’re a server owner or want to protect your network, Fail2ban can stop attacks before they hurt. This software is written in Python and runs on POSIX systems with an interface for packet control systems like iptables or TCP Wrapper installed locally – that means besides servers, even desktops can be supported, granted with a different set of rules. The following tutorial will teach you how to install Fail2Ban on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish desktop or a headless server. Some example configurations with complete examples and essential tips to get you started. # ⚓ Draw_math_formulas_in_ASCII_via_command_line⠀⇛ Diagon is an interactive interpreter. It transforms the expression of markdown style into an ascii art representation. It was written in C++ and uses WebAssembly, HTML and CSS to make a Web application, in addition to being able to use it via the command line. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_Use_Salt_on_Centos_8⠀⇛ The how to use Salt centos 8 system is a Python- based, open-source remote execution framework for configuration management, automation, provisioning, and orchestration. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Hardening_SSH_Configuration⠀⇛ SSH has become the standard tool for remote management of UNIX-based systems. The SSH daemon (sshd) is installed on almost all of the major systems by default. Additionally, sshd also provides a lot of configuration options for us. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_LibreWolf_Browser_on_Ubuntu 22.04_LTS_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ LibreWolf is a Firefox fork that focuses on privacy and security by eliminating telemetry, which can be invasive to your personal information, and increased protection against tracking and fingerprinting techniques while including a few security improvements. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install LibreWolf Browser on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. The tutorial will describe importing the official repository and gpg key and updating and removing the browser by utilizing the command line terminal. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_WineHQ_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Wine is the open-source compatibility layer that allows you to run Windows applications on various operating systems, including macOS and Linux. It translates each system call made by your application into an equivalent POSIX function used across all three platforms – something which can be very helpful if one doesn’t have access or need for specific features available only in Microsoft’s OSs! Another feature of using Wine is the Wine AppDB is a database containing lists of tested and confirmed applications that can be run under Wine. This program saves the trouble for Linux users who want to use Windows-based programs on their UNIX systems, but not all programs will work in this way; some may have strange bugs or crashes when they’re run with no errors beforehand (even though it’s possible). In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install and configure Wine on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish using the command line terminal by importing the official WineHQ repository and installing the latest stable or next release titled development for those eager to try the latest bleeding-edge version of Wine for your windows compatibility needs. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Steam_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Steam is a video game cross-platform that Valve created. It was launched as a standalone software client in September 2003 as a way for Valve to provide automatic updates for their games and expanded to include games from third-party publishers and now boasts a library filled with thousands if not tens of thousands of games across all gaming consoles. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install Steam Launcher on your Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish desktop using the command line terminal and APT package manager utilizing the standard default Ubuntu repository or importing the official steam repository, which you can then install the stable branch, or for users that want to see the next version release of Steam’s launcher, you can install the beta branch. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Spotify_on_Manjaro_Linux⠀⇛ For many, Spotify is the best music streaming service available today. That’s why many Linux users wonder how to install it on their main system. Today, you will learn how to install Spotify on Manjaro Linux. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ WineHQ_–_Wine_Announcement_–_The_Wine_development_release 7.7_is_now_available.⠀⇛ The Wine development release 7.7 is now available. What’s new in this release: – More progress on the PE conversion of the X11 and OSS drivers. – Support for UTF-8 as default Ansi codepage. – Theming support for control panel applets. – Various bug fixes. The source is available from the following locations: https://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/7.x/wine- 7.7.tar.xz http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/wine/source/7.x/wine- 7.7.tar.xz Binary packages for various distributions will be available from: https://www.winehq.org/download You will find documentation on https:// www.winehq.org/documentation You can also get the current source directly from the git repository. Check https://www.winehq.org/git for details. Wine is available thanks to the work of many people. See the file AUTHORS in the distribution for the complete list. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Cataclysm:_Dark_Days_Ahead_is_a_sprawling FOSS_apocalypse_roguelike_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead, CDDA for short, is a free and open source apocalypse-themed roguelike that is incredibly deep and a ton of fun to play. If you haven’t heard of it, think of a turn-based Project Zomboid, but in addition to zombies, CDDA features alien fungi, eldritch horrors, giant skeletons, and dozens of other monsters eager to add you to the billions of victims of the apocalypse. The core gameplay loop will be familiar to fans of Zomboid: you start with little equipment or knowledge, but as you gain experience and find or craft equipment and build a base an you can eke out a life on the fringes of the apocalypse. While the base game is ASCII, releases also includes several tilesets – I am using one of the included tilesets, Ultica. # ⚓ Spinoff_Projects_from_my_MUD⠀⇛ This is definitely my longest post so far, though that was not my intention when starting to write. Does this count as longform technical content that a (now former) Geminaut would prefer to have available? I find it interesting that sometimes an idea for a project can end up in a spinoff, that spinoff itself then having a spinoff, whose goal, if ever achieved, will benefit not only the original project, but future projects wholly unrelated. For instance, my idea to start coding a MUD from scratch a few years ago has ultimately morphed into an idea to make my usage of my Librem 5 faster and more nerdtastic. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_Major_accent_color_and_Global_Theme improvements⠀⇛ If last week’s post was heavy on the bugfixes, this week we’re overflowing with juicy features! But don’t worry, we didn’t forget about the 5-minute bugs and manages to squash three. Feast your eyes… # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Porting_GNOME_Builder_to_GTK_4_–_Happenings_in GNOME⠀⇛ Now that GNOME 42 was released in March I’ve had spare cycles to focus on porting Builder to GTK 4 in April. I’ve made a lot of progress thus far, but there is still plenty to go. Builder is certainly one of the larger GTK applications out there and so it can be a bit daunting unless you embrace your inner hubris and just forget where the end of the tunnel is. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Port Swigger ☛ OpenSSH_9.0_bakes_in_post-quantum cryptography_to_future_proof_against_attacks⠀⇛ The latest OpenSSH 9.0 release defaults to the NTRU Prime algorithm – a scheme designed to resist brute-force attacks that might be enabled by future quantum computers – while supporting the previous default (X25519 ECDH key exchange) as a backstop. In either case, the algorithms are used to negotiate session keys that protect data in transit. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora Project ☛ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Friday’s Fedora_Facts:_2022-16⠀⇛ Here’s your weekly Fedora report. Read what happened this week and what’s coming up. Your contributions are welcome (see the end of the post)! # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Carter_wins_third_term_as_leader_of_Debian GNU/Linux_project⠀⇛ South African developer Jonathan Carter has been elected as the leader of the Debian GNU/ Linux project for a third year, defeating two others in the poll which concluded on 16 April. The others in the race were Felix Lechner, who describes himself as “foreigner for life”, and Japanese developer Hideki Yamane. Only 354 of the 1023 registered developers participated in the vote which was, as usual, conducted online. Debian uses the Condorcet method to decide its elections which considers all possible two-way races between candidates. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Linux_Mint_Announces_Latest_Debian Based_OS_|_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛ Linux Mint Debian Edition 5, based on Debian rather than Ubuntu, has been released # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ 5_Less_Popular_Features_that_Make_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_an Epic_Release⠀⇛ A list of minor highlighted features of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS that makes it one of the best LTS release so far. # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ I_Ditched_Ubuntu_for_Manjaro:_Here’s_What I_Think_After_a_Week⠀⇛  Primarily, I rely on Ubuntu-based distributions like Pop!_OS, Zorin OS, Linux Mint, or Ubuntu itself for work. They get out of the way when I work on something, along with seamless software updates. Not to forget, they get along well with my Intel-Nvidia-powered system. Everything (can be subjective) works out of the box. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ New_64MP_autofocus_cam_for_Raspberry_Pi_and CM4⠀⇛  Last year, LinuxGizmos made an article about a 16MP Autofocus Camera module for Raspberry pi produced by Arducam. The Pi Hawk-eye is the latest 64 megapixel camera with autofocus from Arducam. As its predecessor, the new camera module is compatible with Raspberry Pi 4 and CM4. According to Arducam, the Hawk-eye is capable of capturing still images in ultra-high quality (up to 9152 x 6944). The max video resolution is similar to the previous 16MP model (up to 1080p30) on the RPI. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Meet_The_RouterPi,_A_Compute_Module_4 Based_GbE_Router⠀⇛ [Zak Kemble] likes to build things, and for several years has been pining over various Raspberry Pi products with an eye on putting them into service as a router. Sadly, none of them so far provided what he was looking for with regard to the raw throughput of the Gigabit Ethernet ports. His hopes were renewed when the Compute Module 4 came on scene, and [Zak] set out to turn the CM4 module into a full Gigabit Ethernet router. The project is documented on his excellent website, and sources are provided via a link to GitHub. # ⚓ Andrew Hutchings ☛ PiStorm_in_the_MiniMig⠀⇛ The MiniMig is a board which is a hardware reimplmentation of the Amiga custom chips in FPGA which connects to a real 68000 CPU to provide a very accurate replication of an OCS/ECS Amiga. It was the starting point for the Amiga MiSTer core. The project has been around for at least 15 years now and recently minimig.ca has released a new revision of the board which allows you to put your own 68000 CPU in it. So, of course I ordered one! # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Unlocks_Computer_by Detecting_Push-Ups_with_ML⠀⇛ If you’re tired of typing in a password to log into your computer and you don’t use a fingerprint reader or an IR camera, you can at least get a workout in. Maker Victor Sonck has created a Raspberry Pi-powered push-up authentication project so that you break a sweat when you log in. Instead of logging in with something typical like a string of characters, Sonck logs in with a string of reps using a little help from machine learning (ML) on our favorite single-board computer. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux On Mobile ☛ LINMOB.net_–_Weekly_#LinuxPhone Update_(16/2022):_KDE_Gear_22.04,_postmarketOS_v21.12 SP4_and_Organic_Maps_(maybe)⠀⇛ In other news: Shitphones are smart, a new phone that’s going to be available with Ubuntu Touch, fun handheld hardware, funding for GNOME Shell Mobile and a Squeekboard bugfix release. # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Lilbits:_Android_14_“UpsideDownCake,” AYA_Neo_OLED,_and_tiny_SD_cards_for_MacBooks_– Liliputing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Android_14′s_code_name_looks confirmed_as_the_only_U-dessert_anyone_could_think_of⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ 5_Android_apps_you_shouldn’t_miss this_week_–_Android_Apps_Weekly⠀⇛ # ⚓ GO Media ☛ Stop_This_Google_Messages_Bug_From Draining_Your_Android’s_Battery⠀⇛ # ⚓ Express ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_alert:_Download_new_Android update_NOW_or_your_phone_could_be_at_risk_| Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ How_to_Mute_Calls_By_Flipping_Your Android_Phone⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ [Older] Drew DeVault ☛ It_is_important_for_free_software_to use_free_software_infrastructure⠀⇛ Free and open source software (FOSS) projects need infrastructure. Somewhere to host the code, to facilitate things like code review, end-user support, bug tracking, marketing, and so on. A common example of this is the “forge” platform: infrastructure which pitches itself as a one-stop shop for many of the needs of FOSS projects in one place, such as code hosting and review, bug tracking, discussions, and so on. Many projects will also reach for additional platforms to provide other kinds of infrastructure: chat rooms, forums, social media, and more. Many of these needs have non-free, proprietary solutions available. GitHub is a popular proprietary code forge, and GitLab, the biggest competitor to GitHub, is partially non-free. Some projects use Discord or Slack for chat rooms, Reddit as a forum, or Twitter and Facebook for marketing, outreach, and support; all of these are non-free. In my opinion, relying on these platforms to provide infrastructure for your FOSS project is a mistake. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to Autodesk_Tinkercad⠀⇛  Autodesk, Inc. is an American multinational software company that makes software products and services for the architecture, engineering, construction, product design, manufacturing, media, education, and entertainment industries. It bills itself as a “… leader in 3D design, engineering and entertainment software”. The company was founded in 1982 by John Walker, who was a joint developer of the first versions of AutoCAD, the company’s best known software application. Autodesk is listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange, it has over 11,000 employees, and is headquartered in the San Francisco Bay Area. While Autodesk develops many high quality applications they are proprietary software. And the vast majority of their products are not available for Linux. This series looks at the best free and open source alternatives. # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Training_at_Qt_Developer_Conference_2022⠀⇛ KDAB is delighted to offer, with our partners The Qt Company and Software Compliance Academy, 9 superb, one-day training classes to kick off our QtDevCon event in Berlin this summer. Each class is led by an expert in the field with content that is slap up-to-date with the latest changes and derived from comprehensive longer courses. In addition to a wide range of more obviously Qt-focused courses, subjects offered range from the oft-overlooked but vital FOSS Compliance that every developer should be aware of to the nitty gritty on What’s New in C++20, which is not for the faint-hearted. # ⚓ Document Foundation ☛ Annual_Report:_LibreOffice Conference_2021⠀⇛ Normally, the conference takes place at a different venue each year, to reflect the international and diverse LibreOffice community. For instance, in 2019 we were in Almeria, in 2018 in Tirana, and in 2017 in Rome. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, though, we decided to move the conference online in 2020. This wasn’t an easy decision, as face-to-face meetups are important for free and open source software projects, but we focused on making it work. We faced the same situation in 2021: ideally, we would have had an in-person conference, but uncertainty surrounding travel restrictions and containment measures means that we decided to move the conference online for another year. # ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ What_to_Expect_at_Austin’s_Open Source_Summit_2022⠀⇛ The 2022 conference season is arriving, and it looks like this year most events are planning on going live and in-person. Time will tell if Covid is going to continue to let that happen. Open Source Summit North America, the extravaganza event sponsored by the Linux Foundation, just announced the lineup for the North America leg of its world tour, which this year will happen in Texas, inside the Austin City Limits at the JW Marriott Austin, June 21-24. All in all there will be 18 tracks, except the Linux Foundation doesn’t call them tracks. Each track is its own mini conference, according to their dictionary. # § FSF⠀➾ # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Earthly ☛ Earthly_Switches_to_Open-source⠀⇛ TLDR We are switching from a source- available license, to an open-source license for Earthly. # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ The_changing_economics of_open_source⠀⇛ So, is this the end of the road for the open-source dream? Certainly, many of the open-source naysayers will view the recent upheavals as proof of a failed approach. They couldn’t be more wrong. What we’re seeing today is a direct result of the success of open-source software. That success means there isn’t a one-size-fits-all description to define open-source software, nor one economic model for how it can succeed. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Neil Selwyn ☛ What_values_drive_the_development_of AI?⠀⇛ While many proponents like to see the field of Machine Learning as value-neutral and/or universally beneficial, work in this field tends to be animated by a narrow set of motivations and concerns that shapes what projects are chosen, what problems are addressed and how outcome are conceived. Abeba Birhane and colleagues show that ML projects tend to be driven primarily by a narrow set of values and concerns over improving technical performance, efficiency and/or generalisability of ML systems. AI researchers and developers are often motivated either to build on their previous work and understanding, *or* the perceived novelty of the application. In contrast, societal implications and possible negative consequences are loosely conceived and considered (if at all). # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Earthly ☛ Using_Loops_In_Bash⠀⇛ Like any other programming language, Bash supports loops. The loops are used to repeatedly execute a set of commands based on some condition. Along with conditionals, they’re the most common way to control the flow of a program. Once you’ve mastered variables and conditionals, you’re ready to learn loops. In this article, you’ll learn the different types of loops provided by Bash and see some examples of using them to accomplish various tasks. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Why_Do_Protocols_Win?⠀⇛ Why did some protocols win and others lose? I think each of these deserves their own deep dive, but distilling a high level lessons. Working code is often better than a draft by a standards committee. See Clark’s quote. Backwards or lateral compatibility allow protocols to draft off the success of previous protocols or competitors. Mosaic had a feature that automatically converted Gopher menus into HTML. Simplicity matters. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Unknown_Masterpiece⠀⇛ Many works of art are seen, but not written about. Only a few are written about but not seen. This essay is about the latter and ends with a discussion of a painting by the Italian artist, Luca del Baldo showing the murder of George Floyd. The picture should be approached with caution; like Medusa’s head illustrated above, it can turn to stone anybody who sees it. The Shield of Achilles o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Humanity:_Evolving_in_Spite_of_Itself⠀⇛ The human race is evolving in spite of itself — evolving beyond war, beyond empire, beyond dominance and conquest, and toward an uncertain but collective future. Indeed, I think most of us already know this, but only at a level so deep, so vague it feels like nothing more than “hope.” There’s also another problem. Much of our world remains organized in a totally opposite way: committed, as Richard Falk puts it in his 2013 book, (Re)Imagining Humane Global Governance, to national policies “shaped by unimaginative thinking trapped within a militarist box.” Another way to put this would be: a de facto commitment to human suicide. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Unkindest_Cuts⠀⇛ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Future_is_Not_the_Greatest_Rapper_Alive⠀⇛ Recently, Elliott Wilson, a writer I deeply respect, wrote something so misconceived that it angered 95% of hip hop heads—and the other 5% just have not read his article yet. In the May issue of GQ, Wilson penned an article entitled: Future is The Greatest Rapper Alive. o ⚓ Robert Heaton ☛ I’m_a_security_engineer_and_I_still_almost_got scammed⠀⇛ With time to think and nothing else to do I can probably spot most consumer-grade scams, but under pressure and trying to cut corners I still blundered several times before I realised I was being had. Everyone makes mistakes, and security engineers need to design systems that are resilient to them. Even so, as a first line of defence you’re never too experienced to follow the simple advice that you give everyone else. Hang up and call back. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ “Fuck_Me!”_James_Joyce’s_Jewish-Irish_Epic at 100⠀⇛ Prudes and dowdy literary scholars are still shocked by the language of the poet and novelist who rebelled against Catholicism and Ireland. Like Stephen Dedalus the hero of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, he vowed he would “not serve that in which I no longer believe, whether it calls itself my home, my fatherland, or my church: and I will try to express myself in some mode of life or art as freely as I can and as wholly as I can, using for my defense the only arms I allow myself to use —silence, exile, and cunning.” A sexist and more than a bit mad, he nevertheless blazed a trail others still follow. This year, 2022, hoary censorship of the sort Joyce battled, is back as big and as nasty as ever before. According to PEN America, more than 1,000 books have recently been removed from shelves in school libraries and from classrooms. The latest wave of book banning has prompted rebukes from Congressman Jamie Raskin and California Governor Gavin Newsom. o ⚓ Postponing_things_is_good⠀⇛ Lately, as I am trying to recover from a long illness (with mediocre success) I have succumbed to so many sprawl-brain, SOFA-style projects at the expense of working on longer art projects, especially when there is resistance and self-doubt as I hate my own art style. Knowing when to say “I’ll do that later” instead of “I’ll be right on it“ is key to focus, to make progress on longer projects. That’s why I have the GTD lists in the first place, as a bookmark to my entire life so I can calm my tits for three seconds and get some work done on what I have already at out to do, before I jump on the next adventure. Some new wonderful idea float across my screen? Great, put it on the list so I can get to it later, I’m busy. I’m trying to learn to see the ever growing list of TODOs (currently at 203) as a good thing, as a sign that I’ve been focusing and been selective in what I spend my time on instead of chasing the easy tasks to keep the list short. I’m happy with how my list is organized with stuff I can do in various contexts, stuff that is vs isn’t time sensitive, things that need to wait for the next Debian version in a few years or for when I need ideas for a new script. (In other words, I don’t need to read through two hundred tasks every day; they’re sorted so I know how to find the one I need when I need it.) o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ RFI_and_laptops⠀⇛ So, I’ve been using the old Lenovo T410 as my ham radio laptop recently. It works great. But the other day I was gifted a T440p, i7 with 16g of ram and a 500g SSD. Upgrade! Or so I thought… Turns out, the T440p can’t keep the RF interference out. With the T410, I can do what I need to in JS8Call or Winlink, but the moment I set the T440p in the exact same location, and attempt the exact same things, CAT control cuts out from RFI. I have to drop way down to 5w to get a transmission out, and even then it’s questionable. # ⚓ Thrift_Store_Finds⠀⇛ I like to stop by thrift stores when traveling, and as I finally took the family on a road trip recently, I had a change to visit a few. Retro tech is getting more and more rare in thrift stores, understandably. # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Intel_releases_SDK_for_Cortex-M7_PSE_found in_Elkhart_Lake_processors_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Elkhart Lake processors integrate the Intel Programmable Services Engine (Intel PSE) offload engine for IoT workloads powered by an Arm Cortex- M7 microcontroller that handles real-time IO control using GPIO, I2C, and/or UART interfaces, and supports functions such as remote, out-of-band device management, network proxy, embedded controller, and sensor hub. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Add_Conductive_Traces_On_Vacuum_Formed_Plastic With_3D_Printing⠀⇛ Surface conductors on vacuum formed parts appear in many hacks, from cosplay armor to 3D touch pads and smart objects. But making them has always been painful. Either they had to be hand painted after forming, which looked sloppy and was labor intensive, or they had to be printed with some difficult to use stretchable ink tech. [Freddie Hong] and his group have another solution, using tech most hackers already have – a 3D printer and a vacuum former. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Movie_Prop_Electronics_Hack_Chat_Takes_Us_Behind The_Scenes⠀⇛ It’s no surprise that the hacking and making community has traditionally had something of a love affair with movie props, especially those of the science fiction variety. Over the years we’ve seen folks put untold hours into incredible recreations of their favorite pieces of fictional gear — and by the time this post goes out, our 2022 Sci-Fi Contest will be entering into the final stretch. So it’s a safe bet that if you make your living by creating the electronics behind all that Hollywood movie magic, you’ll find ours to be an especially welcoming community. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ 2022_Sci-Fi_Contest:_A_Very_Star_Wars_Door⠀⇛ Every fan of the original Star Wars trilogy knows the plight of Han Solo, who was so cruelly frozen in carbonite by Imperial forces. [erv.plecter] came into possession of a replica Solo, this time frozen in polyurethane, and set about using it as the door for a home theater setup. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Hard(er)_Drives:_Impractical,_Slow,_Amazing,_And Incredible⠀⇛ Computer memory is a problem that has been solved for many years. But early on, it was more than just a small problem. We’ve many of the different kinds at Hackaday over the years, and we’ll link to some of them later on. But one of the original types of memory was called Delay Line memory, which worked by waiting for a signal to propagate slow enough through a device that it was essentially stored in the device. This was highly inefficient, but still a neat concept- one that [Tom7] has taken to entirely new levels of amazing and impractical as seen in the video below the break. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Building_An_Edge_Lit_Sign_From_The_Scrap_Pile⠀⇛ Whether in a shop window or mounted to the top of consoles in NASA’s Mission Control Center, edge lit acrylic is a popular choice for making high visibility signs. Partly because of their striking hologram-like appearance, but also because they’re exceptionally cheap and easy to produce. Just how cheap and easy? Take a look at this recent video from [Hack Modular] for a perfect example. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Poor_at_the_Crossroads⠀⇛ More than half a century later, his message remains tragically relevant in our seemingly never- ending pandemic-ridden moment, still rife with racism, economic exploitation, and militarism. Indeed, today, 60% more Americans are living below the official poverty line; racialized laws to suppress their votes have been passed in dozens of states; and the longest war in our history, the 20-year disaster in Afghanistan, only ended late last year, while globally conflict and bloodshed still swirl around us. You need only check out the conditions of life for the 140 million Americans who are poor or low income to recognize how relevant King’s message still is. Today, the poor live at the crossroads of injustice, hurt first and worst by the interlocking evils of climate change, militarism, and racism, as well as other forms of violence and inequality. With gas prices ever higher, food shortages on the rise, and a possible recession (or worse) looming, those who continue to suffer the most will be those most affected by whatever is to come. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Hey,_Bernie,_Make_It_a_Real_Single_Payer Bill…No_Profits⠀⇛ As Bernie campaigned for the presidency, he elevated national single payer health care, an improved Medicare for All, into the public spotlight and onto the nation’s agenda. His advocacy for Medicare for All informed millions and lifted spirits building hope that a universal single payer plan is possible in the US. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ WHO_Warns_Poor_Nations_Could_Be_Pushed_to ‘End_of_the_Queue’_for_Pfizer_Covid_Pill⠀⇛ While strongly recommending the use of Paxlovid for high-risk Covid-19 patients who develop mild or moderate symptoms, the World Health Organization on Friday warned that without increasing testing access and the reach of generic production and consumption, the lifesaving medicine is likely to remain inaccessible in much of the Global South—replicating the injustice of vaccine apartheid. “Pfizer must expand the license with the Medicines Patent Pool to include all developing countries.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Covid_Is_Still_Disproportionately_Killing_Low- Income_People⠀⇛ The 54th anniversary of the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. just passed. Dr. King was shot down while organizing low-wage sanitation workers in Memphis, Tenn. At that time, he was building the Poor People’s Campaign, an effort to organize America’s poor into a force to be reckoned with. In his opposition to the Vietnam War and his promotion of a campaign to lift the load of poverty, he suggested that racism, poverty, and militarism could be dealt with only by uniting millions of poor people to change the very structure of our national life. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Katie_Porter_Leads_Letter_Urging_Biden_Not to_Dump_More_Money_Into_Medicare_Advantage⠀⇛ Democratic Rep. Katie Porter led a group of lawmakers this week in urging the Biden administration not to increase taxpayer funding for Medicare Advantage plans after a government report showed that the privately run program received $12 billion in overpayments in 2020—a problem driven by insurers exaggerating how sick their enrollees are. “Medicare Advantage has failed to achieve savings in any year since its inception.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Vaccination_Could_Have_Prevented_3_in_5_US Covid_Deaths_Since_June_2021:_Analysis⠀⇛ Three in five reported Covid-19 deaths in the United States since June 2021 could have been prevented by vaccination, according to a new analysis out Thursday. With the U.S. approaching one million deaths from Covid-19, the Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) estimated that approximately 234,000 lives could have been saved with timely primary-series vaccination. These vaccine-preventable deaths represent 60% of all U.S. adult coronavirus mortality since last summer and roughly a quarter of the more than 987,000 Covid-19 deaths that have occurred nationwide since the pandemic began. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Battling_the_Other_Virus:_Moderna’s_HIV Vaccine⠀⇛ Meanwhile the HIV death rate dropped steeply over the past 30 years. According to Statista, this decline “can be attributed to an increase in access to HIV medications.” Those antiretroviral medicines have prolonged millions of lives. But the long- sought medical prize of a vaccine remained elusive. Until now. A new vaccine has arrived; it’s from Moderna and uses mRNA technology. This HIV vaccine prompts “white blood cells to turn into antibodies that can neutralize HIV,” WebMD reported January 28. “A booster shot to work with the HIV vaccine is also being studied.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Collapse_of_Industrial_Farming⠀⇛ “Modern foods will bankrupt the cattle industry within a decade.” (RethinkX) More on that to follow, but first: Industrial farming, alongside global warming, ranks at the top of the list of existential risks this century. And, similar to the dangers attendant to excessive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, industrial farming is dangerously out of control, but in contrast to global warming, it is not followed at all by corporate media, begging the Orwellian question whether media other than corporate media truly exist? # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Palestine_Needs_Immediate_Attention_to Stave_off_Major_Food_Crisis⠀⇛ “Food prices are dramatically surging,” he said, “particularly since the beginning of the Russia- Ukraine war.” Essential food prices, like wheat and meat, have nearly doubled. The price of a chicken, for example, which was only accessible to a small segment of Gaza’s population, has increased from 20 shekels (approx. $6) to 45 (approx. $14). These price hikes may seem manageable in some parts of the world but in an already impoverished place, which has been under a hermetic Israeli military siege for 15 years, a humanitarian crisis of great proportions is certainly forthcoming. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Even_As_We_See_The_Flaws_In_Our_Food_System We_Aim_To_Force_It_on_The_World⠀⇛ The farm media offers suggestions as to how farmers, despite relatively higher crop prices, might deal with the even steeper increase in input costs. Use less, get your old tillage equipment out or, heaven forbid, consider manually pulling weeds like farmers used to do—- of course, years ago, farmers didn’t run thousands of acres. While oil companies used the sanctions on Russian oil to steeply ramp up their prices, even though Russian oil continues to flow almost without interruption, corporate agribusiness also has a convenient smokescreen to ramp up input prices even further –-as corporations are wont to do— nothing short of blatant profiteering. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_US_Forces_Its_Flawed_Food System_on_the_World⠀⇛ Even before the war in Ukraine, the sanctions on Russia, and the shipping blockade of the Black Sea, farmers across the US were getting ready for higher prices on seed, fertilizer, and crop chemicals. All winter, major farm media was warning farmers to book supplies early as prices would be high and supplies would be short. The war in Ukraine has only amped up the concern among farmers, input suppliers, and those who erroneously proclaim that we, the US, must feed the world. # ⚓ Orac ☛ Eliminating_school_vaccine_mandates_is_the_antivax endgame⠀⇛ Arguably one of the most successful public health policies of all time has been school vaccine mandates, a policy that has been common in states dating back a very long time; indeed, it was in 1827 when Boston first required smallpox vaccination prior to school enrollment, with Massachusetts following suit in 1853, with most of New England requiring smallpox vaccination by the end of the 19th century and such mandates being commonplace during the 20th century. In the wake of the development of the polio vaccine, school vaccine mandates expanded to include the polio vaccine and new vaccines that followed. # ⚓ FAIR ☛ Trump’s_Asylum_Ban_Hasn’t_Disappeared—but_Media Outrage_Over_It_Has⠀⇛ “Facing Coronavirus Pandemic, Trump Suspends Immigration Laws and Showcases Vision for Locked- Down Border,” a Washington Post headline (4/3/20) announced in April 2020, reporting on the administration’s invocation of Title 42, a public- health code provision that allows the government to take emergency action to prevent communicable disease. The lead explained: o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # ⚓ Computer World ☛ In_a_remote-work_world,_a_zero-trust revolution_is_necessary⠀⇛ Perimeter security is obsolete for a number of reasons, but mainly because of the prevalence of remote work. Other reasons include: mobile computing, cloud computing and the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, generally. And, of course, threats can come from the inside, too. In other words, there is no network edge anymore — not really — and even to the extent that perimeters exist, they can be breached. Once [crackers] get inside the perimeter, they can move around with relative ease. Zero trust aims to fix all that by requiring each user, device, and application to individually pass an authentication or authorization test each time they access any component of the network or any company resources. # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Art_Bits_from_HyperCard⠀⇛ Long-time Macintosh users likely remember HyperCard, Apple’s strange hypermedia system that was sorta like a cross between index cards, web pages, and 90s interactive edutainment software. HyperCard left a pretty big legacy for the Web to come, influencing everything from JavaScript to wikis to the pointing finger thing for links on pages to fuckin’ Myst. Apple packaged in some sample HyperCard stacks to get people up to speed with the software, including one called “Art Bits”, which included a ton of sample clip art for use in your own stacks. This stack is fantastic for showing off just how much Apple could do with two colors. # ⚓ Trivago_fined_$44.7m_over_misleading_rates⠀⇛ Trivago was found guilty in 2020 for telling consumers it would show them the cheapest rates, when it actually ranked hotels by factoring in which advertisers paid the highest per-click fee. # ⚓ SANS ☛ “aa”_distribution_Qakbot_(Qbot)_infection_with DarkVNC_traffic [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ A packet capture (pcap) of the infection traffic and the associated malware samples are available here. The pcap is from an Active Directory (AD) environment. The pcap been sanitized to disguise usernames, hostnames, domains, internal IP addresses, the public IP address used to connect from my test lab to the Internet, and any other information that could identify the environment. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Hive_ransomware_affiliate_targets vulnerable_Microsoft_Exchange_servers⠀⇛ The ProxyShell attacks take advantage of three vulnerabilities in Exchange, formally named CVE-2021-34474, CVE-2021-34523 and CVE- 2021-31207. They were patched by Microsoft in April and May last year, but the problem is that not all users update their Exchange installations. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Windows_11_usage_stats_within touching_distance_of…_XP [Ed: Vista_11_is_a_failure. Windows is dying.]⠀⇛ Windows 11 is continuing to struggle both in the enterprise and at home, according to figures published by IT asset management platform Lansweeper. Disappointingly for Microsoft, it has yet to even surpass Windows XP. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Krebs On Security ☛ Leaked_Chats_Show_LAPSUS$ Stole_T-Mobile_Source_Code⠀⇛ KrebsOnSecurity recently reviewed a copy of the private chat messages between members of the LAPSUS$ cybercrime group in the week leading up to the arrest of its most active members last month. The logs show LAPSUS$ breached T-Mobile multiple times in March, stealing source code for a range of company projects. T- Mobile says no customer or government information was stolen in the intrusion. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Anti-Putin_Russians_Sabotaging_the Kremlin’s_War_Machine?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Is_Putin_Hitler?⠀⇛ From the early 1920s, if not before, Hitler had an Austro-Hungarian burgher’s hatred of the Russians, lumping the Slavs together with the Jews, both of which he marked for extermination in his earliest writings and beer-hall rantings. Putin’s anger at Ukrainians stems more from their independence from Russia. He views Ukraine as a subset of Russian culture, not as separate nation or nationality. Like Hitler, he believes he is justified in wiping Ukraine from the map, to prove that Russians (in Hitler’s case it was the Germans) are a master race. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Beneath_the_Fog_of_Ukraine:_A_Troubling Current_Events_Update_on_the_US_“Homeland”⠀⇛ A month or so ago, I put up an informal online social media survey on what events could possibly knock the war carnage in Ukraine off the top of the cable news cycle. My own and others’ morbid leading nominees went something like this: + a US mass shooting of epic proportions. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ U.S._Role_in_Pakistan’s_Political_Crisis⠀⇛ 1. From the reports available so far, it seems likely that the U.S. government colluded with anti- Imran Khan Pakistani politicians to have him removed from power. According to Khan, members of the U.S. Consular staff met several times with the opposition leaders and with only the dissident members of Khan’s party. That choice of meeting only with anti-Khan people points an accusing finger at the U.S. There are many other details that support the likelihood of possible U.S. interference in Pakistan’s internal matters. On becoming the U.S. President, Joe Biden called almost every world leader, but he did not call Imran Khan. In a Congressional hearing, the Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, accused Pakistan of ties with the Taliban in Afghanistan. Most people do not know that of the total number of the Pashtun people (most Taliban are Pashtun), nearly 40 percent are Pakistani citizens; the rest live in Afghanistan. Like a good leader, he has to look after the interests of the citizens of his country who have close ties with their brethren in Afghanistan. At the same time, for regional solidarity and security, a good Pakistani leader would certainly want to have cordial ties with a neighboring country that has been the victim of the world’s two super powers’ brutal invasions since 1979. Khan believes in diplomatic solutions to political problems and warned the U.S. that there was no military solution to their war in Afghanistan. He was right. It took the U.S. government an expense of trillions of dollars and sacrifice of innumerable lives to replace the Taliban with the Taliban in Afghanistan. 2. I coined the term “indirect colonialism” in my teaching about the U.S. regime-change strategy that it employs consistently.  In this kind of colonialism, the colonizing power uses local brown- skinned self-seeking, nation-betraying leaders to sacrifice national interest for the sake of self- advancement. The colonizer does not have to spend its resources on launching a formal invasion to occupy a country. Local corrupt politicians prostitute national interest to do the colonizer’s bidding. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Daniel_Ellsberg_on_the_Existential_Threat_of Global_Conflict⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Roaming_Charges:_Runaway_Sons_of_the Nuclear_A-Bomb⠀⇛ + The Pentagon and its contractors want a prolonged war in Ukraine. But they don’t want the Russian military to be exposed as the inept force it appears to be: a force of understandably reluctant conscripts manning rusting hardware firing inaccurate missiles and already running low on ammo and parts after two months of indecisive action. That would be very bad for the procurement business, which requires the threat of an alleged “weapons gap” to thrive. + Nearly 120 years later people are still arguing over what started WW I. But there’s almost unanimous agreement that the cause of WW II (in Europe at least) was the way WW I ended and the punitive sanctions imposed on Germany at Versailles. They would still be fighting WW I if the negotiators of the armistice had to agree on what caused the war. Perhaps they still are… # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Politics_as_Usual_Has_Never_Prevented_Mass Shootings._We_Must_Break_the_Cycle.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Manipulating_yesterday_Political_scientist_Gulnaz Sharafutdinova_on_how_Putin’s_elite_—_and_not_the_‘mentality of_the_Russian_people’_—_laid_the_groundwork_for_war⠀⇛ As the war in Ukraine drags on, the number of casualties, including Russian troops, keeps growing, and support for Vladimir Putin is still on the rise, in spite of it all. The war itself also seems to be pretty popular in Russia. Meanwhile, the political situation feels more and more grim, taking on the features of totalitarianism. Meduza spoke with political scientist Gulnaz Sharafutdinova, a professor at King’s College London, about how the Russian authorities deliberately prepared the public for the war.  # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Trump_Jr._Agrees_to_Meet_Voluntarily_With January_6_Committee_Investigators⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ As_Ukraine_War_Disrupts_Steel_Imports,_Will U.S._Pivot_to_Green_Future_&_Break_Free_from_Dirty_Steel?⠀⇛ On Earth Day, we look at how the war in Ukraine gives the United States a new chance to break free of emissions-heavy steel production. Russia and Ukraine supplied over 60% of the pig iron the U.S. imported last year to make steel, some of it produced at the Azovstal Iron and Steel Works plant in Mariupol where thousands of civilians and soldiers are now blockaded. We speak to Justin Mikulka and Zack Exley, with New Consensus, a think tank working on detailed plans, such as the Green New Deal, for governments to transition to clean energy to address the climate crisis and renew their economy. They argue in a new report for The Intercept that the U.S. must transition to using green hydrogen to produce sponge iron to replace dirty pig iron. As corporate profits have gone up, “there isn’t any real incentive for the U.S. steel industry to change their business model, and that’s why we argue that we need government policies,” says Mikulka. “We’ve got a real opportunity here to start building clean industries that can make the stuff that we need without changing the composition of the atmosphere,” says Exley, one of the leaders of the 2016 Bernie Sanders presidential campaign and co-founder of Justice Democrats. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Where_Can_Ukrainians_Turn_to_Get_Justice?⠀⇛ Biden is right. Russia’s crimes in Ukraine clearly violate the laws of war enshrined under the Geneva Conventions as well as the UN Charter, which prohibits wars of aggression. The International Criminal Court, or ICC, has already opened an investigation into Russia’s alleged crimes in Ukraine. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_To_Help_Get_Justice_for Ukrainians,_the_US_Needs_to_Stop_Undermining_the_ICC⠀⇛ As Russia’s war in Ukraine continues, human rights groups have gathered evidence of Russian atrocities against civilians—including executions, rapes, and mass murder. These are war crimes, President Biden asserted recently, adding that Russian President Vladimir Putin “should be held accountable.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Six_Ideas_to_Address_High_Gas Prices_That_Won’t_Fan_the_Flames_of_Climate_Change⠀⇛ Pandemic-related problems and Russia’s war with Ukraine have led to a steep increase in gasoline prices. These higher gas prices are causing anxiety for many and are eating away at the meager incomes of low- and moderate-income families. Politicians are promoting a number of ideas to provide consumers with some relief. A very popular idea—a gas tax holiday—is a bad idea. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ When_propaganda_‘goes_overboard’_Kremlin_officials fear_a_negotiated_peace_with_Ukraine_would_destroy_Putin’s ratings,_Meduza’s_sources_say⠀⇛ Moscow has been waging an all-out war against Ukraine for eight weeks. Having retreated from the region around the capital, Kyiv, Russian troops are now refocusing their efforts on the battle for the Donbas. According to official statements, Russian forces are now seeking to “establish full control” over eastern and southern Ukraine. Meanwhile, Russian officials are keeping up their bellicose rhetoric and leveling constant threats against the West. Meduza special correspondent Andrey Pertsev breaks down the mood inside the Kremlin as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine enters its third month.  # ⚓ Meduza ☛ The_war_enters_its_decisive_stage_Meduza_maps possible_scenarios_for_Russia’s_advance_on_Ukraine’s_Donbas⠀⇛ Russian Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu and Foreign Affairs Minister Sergey Lavrov have announced that the “second stage of the operation” in Ukraine is underway. Ukrainian officials agree: the war has entered a crucial phase. Still, it’s too early to say that the situation in the Donbas, where both sides are gearing up for a momentous fight, has fundamentally changed. The Russian army and the Russian-backed armed forces of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk “People’s Republics” hold the initiative, but they haven’t yet taken decisive action. Available data doesn’t provide enough clues to say where exactly they’re likely to attack next. The fact that Russia’s preparation is being drawn out is no surprise — the stakes are too high to act rashly. After all, the move Russian forces make next will likely determine the outcome of the war. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Earth_Day⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Remembering_the_Radical_Roots_of Earth_Day⠀⇛ Happy Earth Day! I was only four years old when the first Earth Day took place. But as I began to work on climate change, I found it inspiring to look back at the photos from April 1970 and learn about what motivated 20 million people to action—and the impact of public mobilization on policy and practice in the years that followed.   # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Global_South_Is_Calling_for_Climate Reparations⠀⇛ Last year, at the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, Barbados Prime Minister Mia Mottley addressed an assembly of world leaders on the state of international climate action. Her message: “Try harder.” She condemned the failure of wealthier nations to deliver the resources that poorer, climate-vulnerable countries need to adapt to a warming world. “’Simply put,” she asked, “when will leaders lead?” The Biden administration has promised to restore the United States to its rightful role as a global leader on climate change, but charisma alone cannot make the White House look busy enough to distract from its actual track record. This year, at the IMF/World Bank Spring Meetings in D.C. currently underway, the US has the opportunity to reverse course. The Biden administration can show genuine commitment by putting debt cancellation for climate action on the agenda. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ What’s_Needed_to_Fight_Climate_Crisis_Is_Clear. The_Powerful_Are_Preventing_It.⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Vets_Push_“No_War,_No_Warming”_Climate_Campaign Amid_Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Native_Leadership_is_the_Key_to_Open Climate_Justice_Door⠀⇛ The Inuit Circumpolar Council announced a month earlier that it is the first Indigenous Peoples Organization to obtain formal Observer status to the IPCC. It has been taking part in the Working Group process that resulted in the August report on the “Physical Science Basis” that led to the U.N. Secretary General António Guterres declaring a “code red for humanity”. It joined in the February report on “Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability” and the latest, “Mitigation of Climate Change”. Inuit Circumpolar Council International Chair Dr. Sambo Dorough said her transcontinental organization has been working with the IPCC “to ensure that consideration is given to Indigenous knowledge in future assessments.” The council emphasizes Indigenous self-determination in research and Indigenous leadership in transformative adaptation and climate resilience. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Activists_Blockade_Corporate_Newspapers Over_Inadequate_Climate_Coverage⠀⇛ A group of climate campaigners on Friday blockaded the entrance of a printing plant in New York City in an effort to hamper the distribution of the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, and other corporate-owned newspapers to protest their failure to cover the planetary emergency with “the frequency it deserves.” The activists, operating under the banner of Extinction Rebellion, stressed in a statement that the blockade was targeted not at individual journalists, but “at the board of directors and senior management at these institutions that determine what to include and exclude in each publication.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_The_‘Soft_Climate_Denial’_of_the Biden_Administration⠀⇛ In early April, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a global scientific body, issued yet another dire report. They warned that we have barely three years to start cutting greenhouse emissions as rapidly as we need to avoid the worst effects of climate disruption. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Powerlands”:_Young_Diné_Filmmaker_on Indigenous_Resistance_to_Resource_Colonization_Worldwide⠀⇛ We continue our Earth Day special by looking at how Indigenous peoples are protecting the Earth. We follow the journey of Ivey Camille Manybeads Tso, an award-winning queer Navajo filmmaker whose new film “Powerlands” shows how corporations like Peabody, the world’s largest private coal company, have devastated her homeland. She also connects with Indigenous communities in Colombia, the Philippines, Mexico and Standing Rock facing the same struggle. “The most important thing about the film to know is that it’s for Indigenous people, by Indigenous people … and it’s about showing this global scale,” says Manybeads Tso in an extended interview that features clips from her travels to several continents. “Powerlands” recently won the award for Best Feature at the 2022 American Documentary and Animation Film Festival. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Dishonoring_Earth_Day_2022_with_An_Oil, Gas,_Coal_&_Nuclear_Heyday⠀⇛ Surging gasoline prices at the pump are not met with excess profits taxes on profit-glutted Big Oil. Rather the GOP and the Democrats are suspending taxes on gasoline sales that are used to repair roads and bridges. An excess profits tax could be used to provide rebates to consumers who are being gouged at the pump. The case for an excess profits tax is made in a new report, Big Oil’s Wartime Bonus: How Big Oil Turns Profits Into Wealth, April 5, 2022, by Bailout Watch, Public Citizen and Friends of the Earth. Profits (and stocks) of companies like ExxonMobil and Chevron zoomed so much that Big Oil, not wanting to moderate their wholesale prices, have spent $45 billion of your money to buy back their stocks this past year and increase the compensation of their bosses. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Drill,_Biden,_Drill:_The_Anatomy_of_a Climate_Hustler⠀⇛ As Biden limped along the campaign trail, he laid out an ambitious plan to ban all new oil and gas permits on public lands and waters on his first day in office. When that day arrived, Biden signed an executive order asking the Dept. of Interior to “pause” new oil and gas leases to “to the extent possible”. Apparently, it wasn’t all that possible. Instead, Biden’s Dept. of Interior quickly and quietly approved over 3,500 drilling permits in the twelve months that followed, more than any of Trump’s first three years in office. As the national media focused on vaccines and the raging pandemic, there was scant news in Biden’s early days of his capitulation to the oil and gas cartel. While Big Green organizations like the Sierra Club lavished the administration with praise for canceling Keystone XL and blocking fossil fuel exploration in Alaska’s ANWR, Biden was simultaneously supporting another tar sands pipeline known as Line 3 that is set to tear through Native lands and sensitive watersheds in Minnesota. He also pushed to open up 80 million acres of waters in the Gulf of Mexico for oil leases, which was later blocked by a federal judge, who admonished the plan, stating that the administration did not take into account the toll new drilling operations in the Gulf would have on the climate. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Indigenous_Communities_Worldwide_Are Rising_Up_Against_Big_Coal_and_Big_Oil⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Activists_Blockade_Corporate_Newspapers for_Poor_Coverage_of_Climate_Crisis⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ How_EarthDay_1970_Changed_the_World, at_Least,_Mine⠀⇛ I gathered as much information as possible about pollution, read The Limits to Growth and celebrated the passage of the Clean Water and Clean Air Acts, the Endangered Species Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and, in 1976 the passage of the Toxic Substance Control Act. I also ran for Congress in 1976 and two of my main issues were high utility bills and seeking to stop a stupid idea to build another Wabash Canal. I lost the election but won the issue of the Canal with the help of Indiana Senator, Richard Lugar and common sense. Winning that issue did embolden me and when I heard that the Feds were looking to build a nuclear waste dump in the Hoosier National Forest, I was driven to action, forming a rag tag group called the Nuclear Waste Action Committee. My first contact in that fight was the Evansville Chamber of Commerce, whom I figured would be readily on board since such a facility would not serve us well in attracting any sort of clean new business. They balked and I would soon find that they were not interested in quality of life issues at all, just jobs, often dangerous. NWAC played hardball and kept the nuclear waste site out of Indiana. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Protect_This_Place:_Rapa_Island,_Home of_Rare_Seabirds_and_Beautiful_Forests⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Protect_Old_Growth_and_Mature Forests⠀⇛ Biden Won’t Stop Logging of Big Trees Biden is clear that instead of prohibiting the logging of mature and old-growth forests, he is directing the Forest Service to study how to protect these trees.  From their past history the Forest Service’s answer will call for more logging because no matter what the problem has been, the Forest Service always says logging is the solution. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Whale’s_Peculiar_Path_to Redemption_Offers_a_Way_Forward_for_Our_Planet⠀⇛ The origins of commercial whaling trace back to the Basques of the 11th century. It’s a bloody history, one emblazoned in many peoples’ minds by the later image of Herman Melville’s tortured Ahab relentlessly hunting the beleaguered Moby Dick. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Why_Crypto_is_a_Risky_Bet_for_Black Americans⠀⇛ There’s been growing interest in finding ways to close this divide. That’s a good thing. But unfortunately, some ideas simply aren’t backed by evidence. One troubling example is cryptocurrency. Luminaries like Spike Lee have promoted crypto as a way for Black families to grow their wealth. Yahoo Finance proclaims that “Black Americans are leading the crypto revolution,” while the Washington Post says “more people of color are turning to cryptocurrency.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Crisis_of_the_Nation-State_in_the_Age of_Globalization⠀⇛ The eminent British historian, Eric Hobsbawm (“The world unified” [ 2000]), thinks that this process of “drawing together all parts of the globe into a single world” (p. 55) began seriously in the mid- 19th century. Karl Marx, after all, observed that the bourgeoisie of his day rapidly improved “all instruments of production, by immensely facilitated means of communication,” drawing even the most barbarous nations into civilization” (cited, Hobsbawm, p. 52). Contemporary economic globalization draws all economies, willy-nilly, into a single, interdependent, global economic systems of winners– and losers. This interdependent globe is radically unequal # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders_Warns_Against_Massive_Congressional Bailout_for_Bezos_Space_Company⠀⇛ Sen. Bernie Sanders took to the pages of The Guardian on Friday to inveigh against legislation currently before Congress that, if approved, could provide billionaire Jeff Bezos’ space flight company with a lucrative NASA contract to build a moon lander. “Who will, overall, be benefiting from space exploration? Will it be a handful of billionaires or will it be the people of our country and all of humanity?” # ⚓ FAIR ☛ Dorothy_A._Brown_and_Dean_Baker_on_Tax_Policy⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Billionaires_Do_Not_Give_Anything to_Society—They_Take_From_It⠀⇛ Speeches around the world about the fortunes that billionaires contribute to taxes and how much the poor and the middle class receive from this forced generosity, are a literary genre in itself. Even more, this genre is cultivated by the poor below, as the genius of propaganda, Edward Bernays discovered: you should never say that what you want to sell is good, but make others say it instead. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Bernie_Sanders_Urges_Congress_to_Reject_Bailout for_Bezos_Space_Company⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_sinking_tide_lowers_all_boats⠀⇛ Sweden, which has the seventh highest employment rate in the world, used to have a large, publicly funded employment agency, a state-sponsored job board of sorts. During the last few decades, this agency has seen wave after wave of cuts to the point of uselessness. In the short term, this might seem like it makes sense for the right wing: one of the core fault lines between left and right has, throughout the 20th century, been whether labor should be a buyer’s market or a seller’s market. The fiscally conservative class can benefit if the working class is existing right on the edge. If workers can afford to manage their own time, or feel safe that they’re not going to get fired, or know that there is another job waiting if they do, they can negotiate better terms, salaries, and hours from their employers. [...] However, as inflation and crypto gambling has been making painfully obvious lately, numbers can get dissociated from value. If one apple costs a thousand dollars instead of a dime, yay growth? Numbers went up? But not really. Instead, one of the best indicators for the actual health of an economy is employment rate (counting meaningful, value-adding labor). It’s a statistic that can cut through inflation and crises. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Love_and_Death,_War_and_Peaceniks⠀⇛ As anyone who was alive and paying attention then knows, the years spanned in this novel were contentious, eventful and exhausting. The world of white America was being challenged overseas and in the streets, classrooms and homes of those across the US who had grown quite comfortable (and even defensive) in its acceptance of that world. The constantly unfolding and occasionally violent attempts to undo that complacency were often met with even greater violence by those whose job it was to maintain it. In other words, police brutality was often the order of the day. Nowhere was this violence more real than in the jungles of Vietnam where conscripts joined enlistees in a devastating and immoral war on the people and the land of that nation. The violence and destruction wrought in that country’s jungles and fields in the name of the American Way, was both revealing in its hypocrisy and its murderous nature. The men sent to create that mayhem in the name of democracy brought its satanic nature back home with them, changing the politics and the consciousness of millions who knew them or feared a future where they might have to join them. Meanwhile, the violence of white supremacy added its own element of evil. Gologorsky’s novel is a beautiful piece of writing. The narrative flows, weaving the actions, relationships, thoughts and intimacies of its characters into a seamless page turner of a tale. Two sisters–Josie and Celia–are its primary protagonists. The former is an adolescent who leaves her working class home in her senior year to move into Manhattan; specifically the Lower East Side. Her hope is to join in the political and cultural revolution taking place there and elsewhere around the nation. Celia is married to a once successful jazz musician whose career is faltering and being replaced with a growing fondness for narcotics. Her sons are teens uncertain of their direction. The sisters’ brother Richie is on his way to Vietnam and their other brother is a New York City cop. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Why_Russia_Needs_Brazil_and_Vice_Versa⠀⇛ About two months ago, President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil formally met with Russian President Vladimir Putin, just days prior to Rusia’s invasion of Ukraine. Many viewed Bolsonaro’s visit to Russia as posturing and to demonstrate to the world that Brazil is an international player in transformative foreign relations. Yet, Brazil is far from being the international mediator it may want to be. It is considered one of the BRICS, one of the emergent economies along with Russia, India, China, and South Africa but without perhaps the economic and political clout of the likes of the United States or France or Great Britain, or even China, for example, these latter countries also being members of the Security Council at the United Nations. Brazil may want to be an international leader but it simply does not have the economic or military status for that mantle yet. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Report_Details_Biden_Admin’s_‘Cruel_and Unnecessary’_Jailing_of_Asylum-Seekers⠀⇛ The Biden administration has unnecessarily—and often unlawfully—jailed tens of thousands of asylum-seekers, many of whom have suffered “severe” physical and psychological abuse and discrimination, according to a report published Thursday. “We came here to a country of law, but I found my brothers in tears… I don’t know what to say. I did not expect this.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Culture_War_as_Policy_Strategy_in Australia⠀⇛ At the beginning of the 1993 federal election, then-federal Liberal Party leader John Hewson introduced the Fightback! policy package. The shift Fightback! represented from the party’s traditional Keynesianism towards neoliberalism was infamously unpopular with the electorate, and the tories were soundly trounced. Since then, the Liberal Party has tended to avoid worrying the electorate with actual policies, focusing instead on proving the truth of the observation from H.L. Mencken to the effect that ‘the whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by an endless series of hobgoblins, most of them imaginary.’ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Ardent_Voting_Fraud_Accuser_Mark_Meadows_Is Registered_to_Vote_in_Multiple_States⠀⇛ Mark Meadows—the chief of staff to former President Donald Trump and prominent purveyor of the “Big Lie” that the 2020 presidential election was rigged through widespread voter fraud—was, until last week, simultaneously registered to vote in three states and is still registered in two, The Washington Post reported Friday. “Mark Meadows has some explaining to do.” # ⚓ The Nation ☛ A_Michigan_Legislator_Shows_How_to_Shred_GOP’s Hateful_Politics⠀⇛ Michigan state Senator Mallory McMorrow made national headlines this week after tearing into Republicans who for months have been attacking school boards, teachers, communities, and political figures who champion fact-based and humane education about gender and race. In a stinging rebuke to the deliberately dishonest Republican tactic of wrapping bigotry in a cloak of “parents’ rights,” McMorrow employed facts, logic, and her own experience to shred the GOP’s attacks on public education. The five-minute address went viral, gaining millions of social-media views and earning praise from a presidential historian as an epic smackdown of hate-mongering. It also provided Democrats with a cogent example of how best to respond to the GOP’s cultural warfare. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘He’s_a_Liar’:_New_Audio_Tapes_Confirm McCarthy_Wanted_Trump_to_Resign⠀⇛ Democratic lawmakers and political observers said late Thursday and Friday that House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy has been exposed as a “liar” not once but twice in the past 24 hours following the release of audio tapes confirming that the California Republican said former President Donald Trump should resign in the wake of the January 6, 2021 insurrection. The tapes were made public after McCarthy’s office and the lawmaker himself emphatically denied New York Times reporting on his comments. # ⚓ NPR ☛ In_the_Murdoch_family_succession_battle,_Fox_News_and democracy_hang_in_the_balance⠀⇛ They do really become pretty close. No one’s going to control Trump or dictate what Trump does, and vice versa. Trump is not going to fully be able to tell Fox what to do, but there is this fascinating feedback loop that is allowed to happen. Everyone watched this happen in real time, but Fox News would sort of go in a certain tangent. And if that tangent was really striking a chord with the base, then Trump would repeat it. Sometimes Trump knows in his gut what’s going to work, so sometimes he’d jump right on it and could see the words go from Fox News through to his Twitter feed. # ⚓ Hungary ☛ Klitschko_confronts_Orbán,_Hungarian_GDP_slows down,_new_parliament_holds_first_session_in_May,_Freedom House_slams_Hungarian_democracy⠀⇛ According to former world boxing champion, Volodymyr Klitschko, “Hungary’s loyalty towards Russia can still be felt’, he said in an interview given to local online journal Válasz Online. The paper also wanted to know his opinion on the fact that Prime Minister Viktor Orbán had not immediately condemned the Bucha massacre, to which he replied: “Really… who do you think might have done it? Who invaded whom? Maybe we invaded ourselves? Would we have slaughtered our own people to show it to the world, blaming someone else? Bucha was a clear message from the Russian president, and we Ukrainians have been victims of his aggression for more than 50 days. If anyone looks aside and pretends not to see anything, he himself becomes a passive warring party and blood sticks to his hand. ” o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Florida_Republican_Gov’t_Officials_Bend_Over Backwards_To_Tell_Everyone_That,_Yes,_Absolutely,_They_Are Punishing_Disney_For_Its_Speech⠀⇛ We had mentioned just how pathetically ridiculous it was that the Florida legislature was considering stripping the already unconstitutional Disney theme park exemption fully from the unconstitutional social media bill that was passed, with the help of Disney, just last year. And on Thursday, as expected, the Republicans in Florida’s legislature went ahead and approved that change, as well as another one, stripping Disney of a special provision in Florida law that effectively gives it a kind of sovereign power over all of Disney’s land in Orlando. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Gannett ☛ Judge_approves_Julian_Assange_extradition_to_US as_WikiLeaks_founder_faces_spying_charges⠀⇛ The move doesn’t exhaust the legal options for Assange, who has sought for years to avoid a trial in the U.S. on charges related to WikiLeaks’ publication of a trove of classified documents more than a decade ago. # ⚓ CNN ☛ Julian_Assange_extradition_order_issued_by_London court,_moving_WikiLeaks_founder_closer_to_US_transfer⠀⇛ These included pledges that Assange would not be made the subject of “special administrative measures,” nor would he be held at a maximum security prison before or after trial. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ To_the_Home_Office_We_Go:_The_Extradition of_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ The final arbiter will be the UK Secretary of the Home Office, the security hardened Priti Patel who is unlikely to buck the trend.  She has shown an all too unhealthy enthusiasm for an expansion of the Official Secrets Act which would target leakers, recipients of leaked material, and secondary publishers.  The proposals seek to purposely conflate investigatory journalism and espionage activities conducted by foreign states, while increasing prison penalties from two years to 14 years. Chief Magistrate Senior District Judge Paul Goldspring was never going to rock the judicial boat.  He was “duty-bound” to send the case to the home secretary, though he did inform Assange that an appeal to the High Court could be made in the event of approved extradition prior to the issuing of the order. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Sanders_Is_Traveling_to_Rally_With_Amazon_and Starbucks_Workers_This_Weekend⠀⇛ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Appeals_Court_Reminds_Cops_They_Can’t_Create Their_Own_Exigency_To_Justify_A_Warrantless_Search⠀⇛ A case involving a DUI stop that somehow morphed into the search of a passenger has earned a couple of cops a rebuke from the Third Circuit Court of Appeals and a couple of handy reminders in a precedential decision that will make it that much tougher for law enforcement officers in this circuit to get away with stuff like this in the future. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Federal_Court_Awards_Immunity_To_Sheriff_Who Searched_An_Officer’s_Private_Dropbox_Account_Without_A Warrant⠀⇛ Law enforcement officers are more used to violating rights than having theirs violated, so this case — brought to us by Courthouse News Service — is something of an anomaly. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Former_President_Obama_Is_Reasonably_Concerned About_Disinformation,_But_Still_Doesn’t_Have_Much_In_The_Way Of_Solutions⠀⇛ On Thursday, former President Barack Obama gave a speech at Stanford University talking about “Challenges to Democracy in the Digital Information Realm.” It’s worth watching, even if I have some issues with it. My very short summary is that he’s much more willing than most of the pundit class to grapple with the nuances and tradeoffs (which is good, and honestly, slightly refreshing to hear!) but that doesn’t make the speech necessarily good. It still overly simplifies things, somewhat misdiagnoses the issues, and comes up with weak platitudes, rather than actual solutions. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Leaked_Video_Reveals_Starbucks_CEO_Urged Managers_to_Ramp_Up_Union-Busting_Efforts⠀⇛ Leaked footage of a video call in which Starbucks’ billionaire CEO urges managers to step up their efforts to thwart worker unionization is yet another sign of the company’s growing desperation, labor advocates said on Thursday. In the undated video published by the pro-worker media organization More Perfect Union, Starbucks founder Howard Schultz—who earlier this month became the company’s CEO for the third time—implored managers “to encourage [employees] to really understand what it might mean to vote for a union.” # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Just_2.5_Miles_From_Corporate_Headquarters, Starbucks_Roastery_Votes_to_Unionize⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ First_Apple_Store_Files_for_Union_With_at_Least 6_Other_Campaigns_Underway⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ The_State_Took_His_Kids_Three_Times._And Three_Times_It_Gave_Them_Back.⠀⇛ On a September afternoon last year, a state child welfare investigator drove into Alto Pass, a village in the rolling hills of Southern Illinois, to the home Alan Schott shared with his then- girlfriend and his two daughters. Someone had called the state’s child abuse hotline, claiming that Schott was neglecting the girls. Though they were only 6 and 8, the girls knew enough to know why the investigator was at the door. The neglect allegation was at least the 10th report made to the state that Schott or the girls’ mother, who Schott had split up with several years before, was failing to properly care for them. # ⚓ Mark Dominus ☛ Pushing_back_against_contract_demands_is scary_but_please_try_anyway⠀⇛ When I pointed this out to them I got a very typical reply: “Oh, we don’t actually mean that, we only want to own things you produced in the scope of your employment.” What they said they wanted was what I also wanted. This typical sort of reply is almost always truthful. That is all they want. It’s important to realize that your actual interests are aligned here! The counterparty honestly does agree with you. But you mustn’t fall into the trap of signing the contract anyway, with the idea that you both understand the real meaning and everything will be okay. You may agree today, but that can change. The company’s management or ownership can change. Suppose you are an employee of the company for many years, it is very successful, it goes public, and the new Board of Directors decides to exert ownership of your blog posts? Then the oral agreement you had with the founder seven years before will be worth the paper it is not printed on. The whole point of a written contract is that it can survive changes of agency and incentive. So in this circumstance, you should say “I’m glad we are in agreement on this. Since you only want ownership of work produced in the scope of my employment, let’s make sure the contract says that.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Big_Telecom’s_Quest_To_Ban_States_From Protecting_Broadband_Consumers_Continues_To_Go…_Poorly⠀⇛ We’ve noted several times how the Trump FCC spent four years being little more than a giant rubber stamp for the nation’s biggest telecom monopolies. That included rubber stamping mergers before even reading the details, gutting FCC consumer protection authority, and demolishing decades-old media consolidation rules crafted with broad bipartisan consensus. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘A_Win_in_Our_Fight_for_Net_Neutrality’: Industry_Loses_Another_Attempt_to_Block_California_Law⠀⇛ Open internet defenders cheered this week after a federal appeals court rejected an industry-backed petition to block enforcement of California’s net neutrality law. Internet service providers (ISPs) wanted a hearing before all the judges on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit after a three-judge panel of that court in January upheld that the law could go into effect. # ⚓ The Verge ☛ California_net_neutrality_law_to_remain_intact after_appeals_court_says_it_won’t_reconsider_earlier decision⠀⇛ A federal appeals court has denied a request for a rehearing on its January decision that upholds California’s net neutrality law. The 2018 law, widely considered the strongest in the US, was signed into law a year after the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) repealed the Open Internet Order. That order had established stringent net neutrality rules that prohibited internet service providers from throttling or blocking legal websites and apps, and banned ISPs from prioritizing paid content. # ⚓ Broadband Breakfast ☛ Ninth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals_Denies Efforts_to_Eliminate_California_Net_Neutrality_Law⠀⇛ The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on Wednesday denied the efforts of telecommunications trade groups to to rehear its prior decision upholding California’s 2018 net neutrality law. In January, the court turned back industry trade groups, including US Telecom, the cable industry groups NCTA and ACA Connects, and the wireless association CTIA, who had sought to overturn California’s SB 822 on the grounds that the Federal Communications Commission federal rules on net neutrality conflict with California’s state level rules. # ⚓ Next TV ☛ Federal_Appeals_Court_Dismissively_Dismisses California_Net_Neutrality_Law_Appeal⠀⇛ Internet service providers in California will have to hew to new net neutrality rules, a federal appeals court signaled Wednesday (April 20). In a one-paragraph dismissal, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals denied cable and telco broadband operators‘ appeal of California’s net neutrality law. “The full court has been advised of the petition for rehearing en banc and no judge has requested a vote on whether to rehear the matter en banc,” the court said in a one-paragraph ruling. “The petition for rehearing is DENIED [that all-caps emphasis was the court’s].‘ # ⚓ Just_saying_hi⠀⇛ Hello, Geminispace. It’s been quite a while since I last posted (over 2 months!) There’s been some changes in my life and some learning. You know, the usual. I went back to unrestricted net access due to the necessity of studying for a job prospect I was going for. # ⚓ Setting_up_my_gemlog_and_some_work_related_musings⠀⇛ I tinkered myself a better indexing site for this gemlog. I wanted to separate my gemlogs and webblogs from each other, so that people know what is mirrored from web and what is gemini exclusive. I feel like gemini is way more personal place than web is. Here I can breathe a bit easily I suppose? It’s more calm, at least. Anyway, it’s kinda nice to have this semi-secret corner. I can hide here a bit. When it comes to life stuff, I actually sent an application to a workplace I want to go to. I am rather burnt out from my current job so I decided this is the best for my mental health. # ⚓ Top_of_the_Morning⠀⇛ The Internet is not as fun as it used to be, and (in my experience) even the people who are more loose tend to sow conflict, distrust, and paranoia wherever they go. # ⚓ Revealed:_MeitY_blocked_6096_URLs_and_347_applications⠀⇛ In March 2022, we filed a right to information (‘RTI’) application with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (‘MeitY’) seeking statistical information on the directions it issued to block content on the internet. MeitY’s reply reveals that it blocked 6096 URLs and 347 applications in 2021. However, the committee responsible for recommending these directions only conducted 39 meetings in 2021. This means that on average the committee recommended blocking 166 URLs/applications in every meeting! This suggests that the committee does not apply its mind to the request for blocking it receives and/or it does not hear the individuals whose content they recommend should be blocked. [...] Section 69A of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (‘IT Act’) empowers the Union Government to direct blocking of content on the internet in specified enumerated circumstances. The Blocking Rules provide the procedure which the Union Government needs to follow to block content under Section 69A of the IT Act. The Blocking Rules state that Organisations may raise requests with an officer at MeitY for blocking of content on the internet (Rule 6). The officer must place these requests before the Committee (Rule 7). The Committee has an obligation to identify the person or the intermediary whose content may be blocked and give them an opportunity of appearing before them [Rule 8(1)]. The Supreme Court in Shreya Singhal v. Union of India clarified this rule and held that if MeitY is able to identify the originator of the content, they must be heard (Paragraph 115). After granting them a hearing, the Committee can make a recommendation to the Secretary, Department of Information Technology, MeitY (‘Competent Authority’) to block the content if it needs to be blocked in accordance with Section 69A [Rule 8(4)]. Thereafter, the Competent Authority can direct intermediaries such as Facebook or Twitter to block the content [Rule 8(6)]. As is evident from the Rules, content creators must be heard before their content is blocked but MeitY’s response strongly indicates that the Committee neither provides a hearing nor applies its mind before it recommends the Competent Authority to block content. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Stratasys_patent_expires,_3D_printing_industry insiders_comment_on_impact⠀⇛ Last week we reported on the expected expiry of patent US6722872B1, which has given 3D printer OEM Stratasys exclusive rights to use its proprietary heated build chamber design for over 20 years. Having now confirmed the expiry of the patent with Stratasys, we reached out to a number of extrusion-based 3D printing companies – including Stratasys – to get their thoughts on the matter. # ⚓ [Old] The_Complete_History_of_3D_Printing:_From_1980 to_2022⠀⇛ A patent expired between end tail end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. Big deal, patents expire all the time right? This patent was owned by a now-very-large company called Stratasys, for Fused Deposition Modeling technology. FDM is the simplest 3D printing technology; it involves heating up a plastic filament until it melts, and then extrudes it out layer-by-layer. Since the technology could be replicated the most cheaply, business-minded hobbyists and small businesses watched on eagerly for the patent to fall into public domain so they could create their own versions. The two biggest events in the history of 3D printing, for every day fans, was firstly the development of the RepRap 3D printer. This showed that low cost 3D printers could be done, and that most of the 3D printer parts could be 3D printed by another printer. The second event was the expiration of the FDM patent. This meant that anyone could not build these cheap 3D printers with no legal issues, and set the tone for incredible advances in the industry. # ⚓ [Old] How_3D_Printing_Works_and_What_to_Expect_Post- 2021⠀⇛ Did you know that 3D printing development dates back to the late 20th century? The first 3D printing process was invented by Charles Hull, who came up with stereolithography in 1984. However, for years, the process didn’t even become known to a lot of people. That was because the technology’s patents only covered a handful of industries. After the technology’s patents expired, additive manufacturing (AM) technology started intriguing consumers. To further its reach, another humble innovation was born—the Internet. At present, a few forms of 3D printing remain strictly within the walls of industries and professional applications. Thankfully, we can easily access most of these for simple use. For instance, using affordable Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printers, users can create toys, miniatures, lamps, spare parts, and more. # ⚓ [Old] It_All_Adds_Up:_Exploring_the_Present_and Potential_of_3D_Printing_Technology⠀⇛ While 3D-printing advancements have come fast and furious in the last few years, the underlying concept is more than three decades old. As The American Society of Mechanical Engineers notes, the first 3D-printing technology patent was filed in 1980 by Hideo Kodama, who developed a photopolymer-based printing system that used UV light to harden materials. Although Kodama’s idea was never commercialized, it paved the way for advancement in the AM space. In 1983, Charles Hull created the first stereolithography apparatus (SLA), and he obtained the first SLA printing patent in 1986. In 1987, Carl Deckard patented the selective laser sintering (SLS) process, and in 1988, the 3D Systems company began selling the first commercial, rapid-prototyping printer, known as the SLA-1. Rapid development followed. By 1999, the first 3D-printed organ was used in a transplant surgery, and in 2005, Dr. Adrian Bowyer created a self-replicating print process to improve output speed. By 2009, the price of 3D printers fell from $10,000 to $1,000. And in 2011, the University of Southampton printed the world’s first unmanned aircraft. Industry specialization came next with the creation of materials such as bio-ink for medical applications and thermoplastic polymers for aerospace. By 2019, the expiration of old patents combined with the rise of open-source printing solutions blew the development doors off — today, there are more than 170 3D-printer manufacturers worldwide catering to everything from at-home hobbyists to multinational corporations. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Chinese_e-commerce_giant_Alibaba makes_9_datacenter_energy_patents_available [Ed: Totally missing the point or lying about what patents are; if you pursue a monopoly and then "share" the monopoly, it's PR or greenwashing with Microsoft and Facebook in this case]⠀⇛ Chinese tech giant Alibaba is joining a coalition pledging to freely distribute energy efficient and green technologies, and has made nine patents available as part of the deal. The patents Alibaba is giving to the Low Carbon Patent Pledge (LCPP) mostly involve parts of its own in-house “soaking server” liquid immersion cooling system developed in 2015 that Alibaba claims reduced its datacenter energy expenditure by 70 percent. Two of the nine patents were unrelated: one limits hard drive power consumption, and another was designed to improve hardware utilization rates. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ NY_Times_Editorial_Board_Gets_It:_Drug Patents_Are_Bankrupting_Americans_&_It_Needs_To_Be Fixed⠀⇛ There has been a push over the last few months by some pro-patent academics and (of course) the pharmaceutical industry to insist that high drug prices and high healthcare costs have nothing whatsoever to do with our broken patent system that grants drug and device makers a full on monopoly. That claim doesn’t just defy logic, it defies all evidence and reality. As we noted last year, an investigation by the House Oversight Committee found some incredibly damning examples of how drug companies exploited the patent system to jack up prices — with the most damning being the story of how AbbVie hired McKinsey to come up with a sneaky plan to effectively extend the patent monopoly of Humira, an important drug for many, many Americans. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Stone_Brewing_Forced_To_Cover_Up_‘Keep_It Juicy’_On_Trade_Dress_As_Lawsuit_Kicks_Off⠀⇛ Well, this one is moving fast. It was only a few days ago that we talked about a lawsuit filed by Sycamore Brewing against Stone Brewing for what sure looked like a pretty blatant ripoff of the former’s trademarked slogan, “Keep It Juicy”. What made this story notable was that Stone Brewing is just coming off a large win in court against Molson Coors over a rebrand of Molson’s Keystone beer trade dress. In that fight, as it often does to anyone who will listen, Stone Brewing made a bunch of noise about how it was the protector of the craft beer industry and billed its $56 million win over Molson as a David vs. Goliath scenario. And, yet, here was David turning around and simply ripping off a smaller brewery’s trademark. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Man_Pleads_Guilty_to_$23m_YouTube Content_ID_Scam⠀⇛ A man at the center of a copyright scam that abused YouTube’s Content ID system to fraudulently obtain more than $23m to the detriment of artists has entered a plea agreement with the US government. Webster Batista Fernandez wrongfully claimed to own the rights to more than 50,000 tracks and illegally monetized user uploads for years. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ MPA_Wants_Stricter_Online_Identity Checks_to_Catch_Pirates⠀⇛ The Motion Picture Association (MPA) would like stricter identity checks to become part of a new trade agreement between the U.S. and the Indo-Pacific region. These new obligations should apply to hosting companies and other online services. In addition, the movie industry group would like enforcement tools and procedures to apply equally offline and on the Internet. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ New_Phase_of_‘Operation_404′_Targets Pirate_IPTV_&_TV_Streaming_Sites⠀⇛ ‘Operation 404′, a Brazilian anti-piracy initiative carried out with support from the US and UK, claimed more successes this week. Police executed 13 search and seizure warrants against three TV piracy sites, two illegal streaming portals, and an IPTV provider. Three people were arrested with one suspect, an accountant, apparently caught ‘red-handed’ while streaming from his office. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4018 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.23.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/04/2022:_KDE_Frameworks_Barcode_Scanner⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:15 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Keychron_K4_v2_–_Open_for_Business⠀⇛ I use the first for GNU/Linux, the second one for Windows, and a third one is still available for whatever use I might come up. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Testing_From_My_Chromebook⠀⇛ It comes with Debian running in a container, so when you use Linux on Chrome OS, that is what you are getting. That makes all the CLI stuff easy to do, so I already got Diohsc running on this and all the other utilities I need. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Protocol ☛ Kubernetes_removing_dockershim_container_runtime –_Protocol⠀⇛ The removal of built-in support for the Docker Engine container runtime in the newest upcoming version of Kubernetes, the popular container- orchestration system, requires users to shift to an alternative runtime to stay up to date with future Kubernetes releases. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Another_late_night_and_digital_notetaking⠀⇛ So this morning I’m looking into solutions for digital note-taking so that I can avoid running into issues like this again. So far I’ve decided I want to check out ObsidianMD and GitJournal. I’m leaning toward GitJournal for the sake of simplicity and self-hosting. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ How_to_Install_Ubuntu_22.04_Desktop_[Step by_Step_Picture_Guide]_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Installing Ubuntu is quite easy today using an USB stick. Here’s the step by step guide that shows the details about the installing process for those new to this operating system. # ⚓ Firefox_on_Ubuntu_22.04_from_.deb_(not_from_snap)_| Obsessed_with_reality⠀⇛ It is now widely known that Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) ships Firefox as a snap, but some people (like me) may prefer installing it from .deb packages to retain control over upgrades or to keep extensions working. Luckily there is still a PPA serving firefox (and thunderbird) debs at https://launchpad.net/ ~mozillateam/+archive/ubuntu/ppa maintained by the Mozilla Team. (Thank you!) # ⚓ What’s_new_in_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS,_and_how_to_upgrade_|_FOSS Linux⠀⇛ The long-awaited Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Long Term Support) is finally out. We’ve been anticipating this one for a while, and it’s jam-packed with nifty new features. This Ubuntu version will be supported for five years until 2027. Ubuntu 22.04 has been dubbed the “Jammy Jellyfish.” “Jammy,” in this case, has been used as an adjective to describe something or someone fortunate. In today’s post, we’ll go through all the new features of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS and show you how to upgrade your system with only a few commands. # ⚓ The New Stack ☛ Tutorial:_Manage_Docker_Swarm_with Portainer_–_The_New_Stack⠀⇛ The Docker Swarm container orchestration engine is a great way to take advantage of a cluster for your container deployments. Although it might not be nearly as popular as Kuberne # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Use_ksnip_to_Capture_and_Annotate Screenshots_on_Linux⠀⇛ Unlike other screenshot tools, ksnip lets you annotate and edit your screenshots post-capture. Here’s how to install and use it on Linux. # ⚓ Video ☛ My_Config_Files_May_Not_Work_For_You_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Recently, I have gotten a lot of comments from viewers that have tried various config files of mine, and my configs do not work on their computer. Why do my configs work for me but not for others? # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Anaconda_on_Rocky_Linux_8_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Anaconda on Rocky Linux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Anaconda is a free and open-source package manager for Python. It provides a large variety of packages and is designed for machine learning and data analysis/scientific projects. Anaconda is available in four editions namely individual (open source) edition, commercial edition, team edition, and enterprise edition. Anaconda individual edition is the world’s most popular Python distribution platform with over 20 million users worldwide. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Anaconda on Rocky Linux. 8. # ⚓ Routing_a_specific_user_on_a_specific_network_interface_on Linux⠀⇛ I have a special network need on Linux, I must have a single user going through specific VPN tunnel. This can’t be done using a different metric for the VPN or by telling the program to bind on a specific interface. # ⚓ Re:_Geddit_thread_443⠀⇛ I’ve been meaning to do something about this. When making a bookmark, it should definitely let you know if the URL has already been bookmarked… Maybe go straight to an Edit Bookmark dialog? Let’s see. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Linux_for_Starters:_Your_Guide_to_Linux_– Linux_Commands_–_Appendix⠀⇛  There are thousands of Linux commands so it’s impractical to provide a comprehensive list. Instead we focus on many of the commands you will need at some time or another. Don’t be concerned by the sheer number of commands as you’ll probably only use a small number of commands on a regular basis. To get help on a command type: man command_name which displays the documentation. We also recommend you use tldr, as it offers simplified documentation. Given the number of commands we’ve split the commands into 6 pages. # ⚓ Toolbox ☛ Differences_Between_SFTP_and_FTPS⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Upgrade_Ubuntu_20.04_to_22.04_LTS_(Jammy Jellyfish)⠀⇛ Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish) has officially been released. It’s the latest Ubuntu LTS release and it ships with numerous improvements and new applications such as PHP 8.1, Ruby 3.0, OpenSSL 3.0, Golang 1.18, GNOME 42, and improved support for Raspberry Pi to mention just a few. We already have a guide on how to install Ubuntu 22.04. In case, you have Ubuntu 20.04 LTS and don’t feel like starting from scratch, you can easily upgrade to Ubuntu 22.04 using a few simple steps. In this guide, we will demonstrate how you can upgrade Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) to Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) step by step. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_SSH_Server_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install SSH Server on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, OpenSSH is the premier connectivity tool for remote login with the SSH protocol. It encrypts all traffic to eliminate eavesdropping, connection hijacking, and other attacks. SSH is not installed or enabled on your Ubuntu 22.04 LTS system by default. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the SSH Server on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Citizix ☛ How_to_Install_and_Initialize_Mysql_8_on_Rocky Linux_8_using_Ansible⠀⇛ Ansible is an open-source software provisioning, configuration management, and application- deployment tool enabling infrastructure as code. MySQL is an open-source relational database management system. It’s one of the MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system, intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Mariadb is commonly installed as part of the popular LAMP or LEMP (Linux, Apache/Nginx, MySQL/ MariaDB, PHP/Python/Perl) stack. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install/Enable_SSH_on_Ubuntu_22.04 LTS_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ SSH or known by its full name Secure Shell Protocol is a cryptographic network communication protocol that enables two computers to communicate securely over an unsecured network. SSH is highly used for remote login applications and command-line executables such as terminal applications. For users wishing to connect to servers or other computers with SSH, the client and the remote connection need to both have SSH installed and enabled for this to be possible. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install and enable SSH on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish Desktop or Server and connect to a remote PC using the command line terminal. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_ClamAV_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ ClamAV is an open-source and free antivirus software toolkit able to detect many types of malicious software, including viruses, trojans, malware, adware, rootkits, and other malicious threats. One of its primary uses of ClamAV is on mail servers as a server-side email virus scanner or used on file hosting servers to periodically scan to make sure files are clean, especially if the public can upload to the server. ClamAV supports multiple file formats (documents, executables, or archives), utilizes multi-thread scanner features, and receives updates for its signature database daily to sometimes multiple times per day for the latest protection. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to configure ClamAV on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish desktop or server and some basic scan commands using the command line terminal. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ How_to_Install_Firefox_as_Classic_DEB_App_on Ubuntu_22.04_LTS⠀⇛ This guide will show you how to remove Firefox’s Snap and install Firefox as a regular application from a DEB file in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. As we informed you, long waited, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ‘Jammy Jellyfish’ was released recently, packed with exciting new features to give a better user experience, performance, and speed. And as you know, Firefox is the default internet browser. However, a decision by Canonical to provide Firefox preinstalled only as a Snap package has caused controversy among Linux users. So even if you want to uninstall it and use another browser like Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge, you’ll have to deal with it for a while. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Frameworks_Barcode_Scanner⠀⇛  KDE Framework’s Prison library for displaying one-dimensional barcodes and two-dimensional matrix codes will also provide a component to scan those codes from a camera feed in its upcoming 5.94 release. There are a few copies of code for scanning barcodes from a Qt Multimedia video feed using ZXing in apps like Kaidan or Qrca, as well in projects outside of KDE’s repositories. That’s usually a good indicator that this functionality belongs into a shared component or library. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Barry Kauler on EasyOS and OpenEmbedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Some_handy_tricks_with_Easy Containers⠀⇛ A few days ago, I posted how you can change the containerized “www” desktop icon to run SeaMonkey instead of Firefox. # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ AWF_compiled_in_OpenEmbedded⠀⇛ I had created a PET; however, ideally want to compile every package in OE. So, have done it for AWF. Also, have created two menu entries, in the “Utility” menu, for ‘awf-gtk2′ and ‘awf- gtk3′. Handy to have it in the menu I reckon, especially for users who might otherwise not know of its existence. # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ JWMDesk_desktop_icons_fix,_take-2⠀⇛ Roger looked at the PET and advised me of a problem with my fix, so I have fixed the fix, now bumped to 3.5.1.4. The problem is that JWMDesk can change the default y-axis gap of the first row of icons at the top of the screen (32 pixels), and also change the default y-axis spacing between icons (96 pixels). I fixed JWMDesk (I think), but this has lead to other issues in EasyOS, where those “32″ and “96″ pixels parameters are hard-coded. # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ iXsystems_Channel_Embraces_TruePartner_Program_– Driving_Revenue-Matching_Returns_Up_To_3X [Ed: Mostly BSD. Gentoo GNU/Linux mentioned also.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ iXsystems_Channel_Embraces_TruePartner_Program_– Driving_Revenue-Matching_Returns_Up_to_3X_–_Digital Journal⠀⇛ # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Next_Red_Hat?_Raleigh_blockchain_startup_Kaleido_aims to_lead_open-source_revolution_for_Web3_|_WRAL TechWire⠀⇛ A young, Raleigh-born emerging tech startup is hoping to lead the open-source revolution for what some technologists are calling the “next big thing”: Web3. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ IBM_‘not_cooperating’_with discovery_in_discrimination_case_•_The_Register [Ed: No wonder a lot of Red Hat staff, managers includes, flee the company]⠀⇛ IBM has been accused of trying to avoid its legal discovery obligations in Kinney v. IBM, one of many age discrimination lawsuits that have been brought against the IT titan in the past few years. In a motion [PDF] to compel discovery filed on February 28, 2022, attorneys for the current plaintiffs – who claim [PDF] IBM fired them as part of a company-wide effort to get rid of older workers – accuse Big Blue of trying to avoid providing relevant documents by insisting that layoffs were relevant to specific corporate groups and weren’t part of a company-wide scheme. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ IBM_ordered_to_pay_$105m_to_insurer over_failed_project_•_The_Register⠀⇛ IBM must pay five times more in compensation to a customer whose £175 million ($230 million) Agile software platform contract was ripped up in 2017 following a series of failures on the project, the Court of Appeal in England has ruled. The legal spat between Big Blue and the client, formerly known as CIS General Insurance Ltd (CISGIL), a subsidiary of Co-Op Group, pertained to a 2015 agreement to build software to manage the customer’s insurance and underwriting operations. The out-of-the-box platform provided was described by Co-Op CEO Mark Summerfield as “terrible.” It was said to be unfit for purpose, and the project ultimately collapsed after payment to IBM was withheld. Co-Op was not blameless. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_released_•_The Register⠀⇛ Canonical has finally pushed “go” on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, making the Linux distribution generally available and a handy update for careful users still running 20.04 LTS. Ubuntu’s last Long Term Support (LTS) edition was 2020′s Focal Fossa (20.04), which will stay on standard support until April 2025 and eventually shuffle past End of Life in April 2030. Two years on and Jammy Jellyfish has arrived, bringing with it plenty of visual improvements as well as tweaks under the hood. Cosmetically, the default desktop wallpaper reflects the latest witty Ubuntu product name and the product’s new logo is present and correct. However, those upgrading from 20.04 LTS will find a number of changes to the environment; as well as accent colors that are easier to set and inevitable dark mode enhancements, the arrival of GNOME 42 (and its screenshotting improvements) have made for a slicker, if not revolutionary, desktop appearance. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Canonical_may_go_public_in_2023,_claims US$175m_profit_last_year⠀⇛ The head of Canonical, the company behind the Ubuntu Linux distribution, claims it recorded a profit of US$175 million (A$237.7 million) in 2021 and is likely to undertake an IPO in 2023. Mark Shuttleworth was reported by the American website TechCrunch as saying, ahead of the release of the latest Ubuntu long-term support version, 22.04, codenamed Jammy Jellyfish, that the IPO plan was not being contemplated in order to raise money. Ubuntu was started in 2004 and is based on Debian GNU/Linux, a community distribution. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Ubuntu_22.04_“Jammy_Jellyfish”_Arrives With_Controversial_Firefox_Change⠀⇛ Canonical has finally released the latest version of its popular Ubuntu Linux distribution, 22.04 LTS, dubbed “Jammy Jellyfish.” The system includes some major changes, including a controversial one to how the Mozilla Firefox browser is packaged. # ⚓ XDA ☛ Ubuntu_22.04_arrives_with_updated_desktop,_full Raspberry_Pi_4_support⠀⇛ Ubuntu probably isn’t the most popular desktop Linux distribution at this point, but it’s still one of the top options for corporate use, and it serves as the technical foundation for projects like Linux Mint and Elementary OS. Ubuntu always has two major releases per year, and right on schedule, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is now available. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Firefly_EC-I3588J_is_a_mini_PC_with_a_Rockchip RK3588_processor,_up_to_32GB_of_RAM_and_8K_video_support⠀⇛ Capable of running Android 12 or GNU/Linux distributions including Ubuntu, Debian, and Buildroot, Firefly positions the EC-I3588J as system that can be used as a general purpose ARM computer, an edge computing device, server, or video device, among other things. # ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ Firefly_ROC-RK3588S-PC:_First_Rockchip RK3588S-based_single-board_computer_introduced_for_US$219⠀⇛ Currently, Firefly sells the ROC-RK3588S-PC for US$219 with 4 GB of RAM and 32 GB of storage. Alternatively, the company is offering an 8 GB of RAM and 64 GB of storage configuration for US$299. However, the company has not confirmed how much 16 GB and 32 GB of RAM variants will cost, nor from when they will be available. All models should be compatible with plenty of operating systems, including Android 12.0, Debian 11 and Ubuntu Desktop, among others. # ⚓ Tinkering_&_Coding_with_the_CrowPi2_Laptop_by_Elecrow_ [Review]⠀⇛ Elecrow recently approached me to test out their CrowPi2 educational laptop. I was really excited to check it out, as I am always interested in new and innovative educational technology products. In this article, I will give you my overall impressions of the CrowPi2 after using it for a while. I’ll also talk about some of the pros and cons of the product. So, without further ado, let’s get started. You might remember Elecrow from our article about the Crowbits a little while ago, but this laptop is different. The CrowPi2 is a fully-functional Raspberry Pi laptop. It comes with its own built-in screen, keyboard, and trackpad. The CrowPi2 also has a number of ports that allow you to connect external devices, like a mouse or an HDMI cable. All of this makes the CrowPi2 a great option for use as a portable computer and not only as a toolkit for learning experiments. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Codasip_appoints_Jaime_Broome_as_its_Automotive_VP⠀⇛ # ⚓ Codasip_appoints_Jamie_Broome_as_its_Automotive_VP⠀⇛ Codasip, the leader in customizable RISC- V processor IP [sic], today announced it has appointed Jamie Broome as its new VP Automotive. Broome brings over 20 years of experience in semiconductors and complex IP, SoCs and the automotive supply chain, having recently led Imagination Technologies’ Automotive Business unit dealing with the entire industry, from manufacturers to tier 1 suppliers and ecosystem partners. # ⚓ Esperanto_Technologies’_Massively_Parallel_RISC-V_AI Inferencing_Solution_Now_in_Initial_Evaluations_– Esperanto_Technologies⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Samsung,_others_test_drive Esperanto’s_1,000-core_RISC-V_AI_chip⠀⇛ Samsung’s IT services arm and other companies are said to be testing out a processor that sports more than 1,000 general-purpose RISC- V cores to deliver what the chip’s designer claims is faster and more energy-efficient AI inference performance than power-hungry specialty silicon. The chip designer, Esperanto Technologies, said Thursday Samsung SDS and other unnamed companies, which it only identified as “lead customers,” are doing initial evaluations of the startup’s ET-SoC-1 AI inference accelerator. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ TechRadar ☛ Android_13_isn’t_out_yet_but_Android_14 already_has_a_codename_at_Google_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ GSM Arena ☛ LG_V60_ThinQ_is_now_receiving_Android_12 in_the_US_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Magic_ToolFlash_lets_you_flash_ZIP_packages directly_from_your_Android_device⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Huawei_MatePad_Paper_Hands-On:_E-Ink_display meets_Android_tablet⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_Android_Smart_Lock_to_automatically_unlock your_phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ 4_Best_Ways_to_Turn_Flashlight_On_or_Off_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ 5_Android_apps_you_shouldn’t_miss this_week_–_Android_Apps_Weekly⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Medium ☛ How_Tesla’s_tech_stack_is_a_testimony_to_the_need for_open_source_solutions [Ed: Tesla loses money. Quit using that scam as a role model of "Success"]⠀⇛ Tesla decided to create their ERP and ecommerce software from scratch internally. However, at that time open source solutions were much less mature than they are now that it wasn’t an existing option. Businesses now can instead utilize open source solutions to create the system they need. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ Brian_C._Lane_Announces_GNU_Parted_v3.5⠀⇛ After toiling hard for about four months, GNU Parted v3.5 is now available to the general public. Brian C. Lane announced the latest stable release of the command line utility and backend for the GParted tool via an email. GNU Parted v3.5 brings support for the Linux /home GUID with the linux-home flag. Furthermore, the release now supports empty strings for partition names whilst they are set in -script mode and adds the use of the swap partition flag to msdos disk labeled disks. # ⚓ GNU ☛ GNU_Parallel_–_News:_GNU_Parallel 20220422_(‘Буча’)_released⠀⇛ GNU Parallel 20220422 (‘Буча’) has been released. It is available for download at: lbry://@GnuParallel:4 Quote of the month: Immensely useful which I am forever grateful that it exists. — AlexDragusin@ycombinator New in this release: sash is no longer supported as shell. –retries 0 is an alias for –retries 2147483647. –shell-completion returns shell completion code. –ssh-login-file reloads every second. –parset is replaced with –_parset because it is only used internally. sem –pipe passes STDIN (standard input) to the command. Bug fixes and man page updates. Get the book: GNU Parallel 2018 http:// www.lulu.com/shop/ole-tange/gnu- parallel-2018/paperback/product- 23558902.html GNU Parallel – For people who live life in the parallel lane. If you like GNU Parallel record a video testimonial: Say who you are, what you use GNU Parallel for, how it helps you, and what you like most about it. Include a command that uses GNU Parallel if you feel like it. # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Ethics_of_Open_Source_Software_Licensing_| Escrow_London_–_JDSupra⠀⇛ The early licensing models for open source were authored from an ethical viewpoint focussed on creating and maintaining software freedoms. There are two not for profit organisations that are viewed as the reference point for the definition open source software, the Free Software Foundation and the Open Source Initiative . # ⚓ Open_Licenses:_An_Overview_of_Open_Licenses_for Images,_Photos,_Videos,_and_Software⠀⇛ Non-profit organizations often use third-party images, photos, videos, or software in their everyday operations. It is often beneficial to leverage such materials that are licensed under “open licenses” because they are free to use; however, it is important to understand the conditions and requirements of such open licenses prior to using the aforementioned materials in order to avoid potentially breaching the license. This article aims to shed some light on various open licenses and how to comply with their conditions. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Oracle_releases_Java_JDK_18 with_enhanced_source_code_documentation⠀⇛ Oracle’s Java 18 development environment has hit the streets, with Big Red promising nine enhancements including the ability to add sample source code to API documentation. Other new features include Simple Web Server (JEP 408) for prototyping and testing, two incubating modules, as well as the preview of Pattern Matching for switch (JEP 420). Java 18 JDK (Java Development Kit) is set to be a short-term release, supported for six months until the next one appears every March and September. The most recent long-term support release is JDK 17, which came out last September, the previous being JDK 11 from 2018. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Perforce_acquires_Puppet_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Perforce, a Minnesota-based maker of DevOps software, on Monday announced the acquisition of Puppet, an Oregon- based maker of configuration management tools, for an undisclosed sum. Puppet had been planning to go public in 2021 and announced management additions to help that happen in November, 2020. Ending up within the embrace of Perforce looks like Plan B, though CEO Yvonne Wassenaar in a rambling blog post makes the detour sound as if it had always been the destination. o ⚓ An_Open_Letter_from_the_CEO_of_Puppet:_Puppet_+_Perforce⠀⇛ When I started at Puppet three years ago, I saw a company with a tremendous customer base, an active open source community, an incredible reputation, products that solved some of the hardest problems in the operations space, and a passionate team that had deep values and was purpose- driven, both of which are at my core as a leader. o ⚓ Andrej_Shadura:_To_England_by_train_(part_2)⠀⇛ My attempt to travel to the UK by train last year didn’t go quite as well as I expected. As I mentioned in that blog post, the NightJet to Brussels was cancelled, forcing me to fly instead. This disappointed me so much that I actually unpublished the blog post minutes after it was originally put online. The timing was nearly perfect: I type make publish and I get an email from ÖBB saying they don’t know if my train is going to run. Of course it didn’t, as Deutsche Bahn workers went ahead with their strike. The blog post sat in the drafts for more than half a year until yesterday, when I finally updated and published it. The reason I have finally published it is that I’m going to the UK by train once again. Now, unless railways decide to hold a strike again, fully by train both ways. Very expensive, especially compared to the price of Ryanair flights to my destination. Unfortunately, even though Eurostar added more daily services, they’re still not cheap, especially on a shorter notice. This seems to apply to the ÖBB’s NightJet even more: I tried many routes between Vienna and London, and the cheapest still seemed to be the connection through Brussels. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Space ☛ Happy_anniversary,_Ingenuity!_Mars_helicopter_flew for_the_1st_time_one_year_ago_today [Ed: GNU/Linux inside]⠀⇛ One year ago today (April 19), an aircraft flew on a world beyond Earth for the first time ever. That history-making vehicle is NASA’s Ingenuity Mars helicopter, which landed inside the Red Planet’s Jezero Crater with the life-hunting, sample-caching Perseverance rover on Feb. 18, 2021. Just over two months later, the 4-pound (1.8 kilograms) Ingenuity made its first foray into the Martian skies, hovering about 10 feet (3 meters) above the red dirt of a site named, appropriately enough, Wright Brothers Field. # ⚓ IEEE ☛ The_Strange_Birth_and_Long_Life_of_Unix⠀⇛ A DOOR HAD SLAMMED SHUT for Thompson and Ritchie in March of 1969, when their employer, the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., withdrew from a collaborative project with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and General Electric to create an interactive time-sharing system called Multics, which stood for “Multiplexed Information and Computing Service.” Time-sharing, a technique that lets multiple people use a single computer simultaneously, had been invented only a decade earlier. Multics was to combine time-sharing with other technological advances of the era, allowing users to phone a computer from remote terminals and then read e-mail, edit documents, run calculations, and so forth. It was to be a great leap forward from the way computers were mostly being used, with people tediously preparing and submitting batch jobs on punch cards to be run one by one. # ⚓ When_Should_I_Move_On_to_the_Next_Book?⠀⇛ Somehow I feel a little guilty. Everyone who usually have the same taste in books as I have said that it’s so great. It feels like I owe it to them, and the book, to read and enjoy it. I keep wondering if maybe the next chapter is the one that will hook me. I just can’t really muster the interest to find out any more. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ TSMC’s_chip_empire_keeps_growing,_despite ongoing_shortages_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Taiwanese foundry giant TSMC can’t make enough chips for its customers, but that isn’t stopping the company from making bank on the silicon it can churn out. The contract chip manufacturer, which counts Apple, Nvidia and AMD as major customers, reported on Thursday that its revenue in the first quarter grew 36 percent year-over-year to $17.6 billion. The company estimated sales will continue growing at similar rate next quarter. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Samsung_overtakes_Intel,_chip_market_grew 26%_in_2021_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Despite (and perhaps because) of ongoing shortages, the semiconductor industry posted $595 billion in revenue in 2021, an increase of 26.3 percent over 2020. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Intel_acquires_private_5G_network_provider Ananki_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Intel has acquired private 5G network provider Ananki, several months after the startup spun out of the non- profit Open Networking Foundation to commercialize open- source network technologies. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Volkswagen:_Expect_chip_supply_problems_until 2024 [Ed: Newer straw man arguments for dying economies?]⠀⇛ o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ SoftBank_aims_to_keep_an_arm_around_Arm_after IPO_–_report_•_The_Register⠀⇛ SoftBank is said to be planning to keep a controlling stake in Arm after its public offering, rather than divesting itself of the chip design firm as had been thought. The move may indicate that SoftBank does not believe it would get the valuation it has been seeking for a full sale of Arm. The planned initial public offering (IPO) for Arm was set to value the chip designer at up to $60 billion, but according to Bloomberg, owner SoftBank is now considering selling off a smaller portion of the business than originally planned so that it can retain a controlling interest in the company. [...] However, Buss warned that it could be difficult for Arm to pursue a completely independent market strategy while it still has one single owner that has majority control. Last month, Korean chipmaker SK Hynix was reported to be considering forming a consortium with other interested parties in order to acquire Arm. The consortium could have included Intel as CEO Pat Gelsinger previously had intimated the firm would be interested in participating in any such arrangement that emerged to take ownership of Arm. o ⚓ Random_access_memories:_the_ZX_Spectrum_at_40_–_and_six_of_the best_Speccy_games_|_Stuff⠀⇛ The ZX Spectrum has turned 40. If you owned one at the time, that’ll make you feel old. But rather than mull over the nature of your own mortality, let’s celebrate a true UK classic – the finest invention to emerge from Sir Clive Sinclair’s brain. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Sinclair’s_8-bit_home_computer,_ZX_Spectrum, turns_40_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Prepare yourself for a weekend of wobbly power connectors and Daley Thompson digit-mashing: tomorrow marks the 40th anniversary of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum. The ZX Spectrum, released on April 23, 1982, was a follow-up to Sinclair’s ZX81. Referred to as the ZX82 or ZX81 Colour during development, the final product arrived with either 16KB or 48KB of RAM (depending on pocket depth) and a case designed by Rick Dickinson, who had previously worked on the ZX81 wedge. Dickinson was also responsible for the ZX Spectrum’s infamous rubber keyboard. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ US_Army_to_build_largest_3D-printed_structures in_the_Americas⠀⇛ The US Department of Defense is to construct and try out the largest 3D-printed buildings in the Americas: three barracks in a Lone Star army base. Scheduled to be built at Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas, over the next 10 months, the three 3D-printed concrete barracks will each be more than 5,700 square feet (529.55 square meters) each, making them the largest 3D-printed structures yet built on the continent. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Synopsys_probed_for_any_unlawful_dealings_with Huawei,_SMIC_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Synopsys is being investigated by the US government over concerns the biz may have flouted restrictions placed on the flow of American chip-making technologies to certain Chinese companies. US outfits like Synopsys must obtain explicit permission from Uncle Sam before doing business with organizations placed on the Department of Commerce’s Entity List. Investigators are said to be probing Silicon Valley-based Synopsys, a top maker of chip design and simulation software, to see whether it has broken this rule. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Shanghai_lockdown:_China_tech_execs_warn_of supply-chain_woe_•_The_Register⠀⇛ As at least some parts of Shanghai enter their fourth week of lockdown, Chinese tech executives have highlighted how measures to prevent the spread of COVID- 19 will affect supply chains and industry. In a Weibo post late last week (which The Register has machine-translated), He Xiaopeng, CEO of electric car company Xpeng, wrote: “All OEMs in China may have to suspend production in May if Shanghai and surrounding supply chain companies cannot find a way to dynamically resume work and production.” o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Russell Coker ☛ Russell_Coker:_Got_Covid⠀⇛ I’ve currently got Covid, I believe I caught it on the 11th of April (my first flight since the pandemic started) with a runny nose on the 13th and a positive RAT on the evening of the 14th. I got an official PCR test on the 16th with a positive result returned on the 17th. I think I didn’t infect anyone else (yay)! Now I seem mostly OK but still have a lack of energy, sometimes I suddenly feel tired after 20 minutes of computer work. The progression of the disease was very different to previous cold/flu diseases that I have had. What I expect is to start with a cough or runny nose, escalate with more of that, have a day or two of utter misery with congestion, joint pain, headache, etc, then have it suddenly decrease overnight. For Covid I had a runny nose for a couple of days which went away then I got congestion in my throat with serious coughing such that I became unable to speak. Then the coughing went away and I had a really bad headache for a day with almost no other symptoms. Then the headache went away and I was coughing a bit the next day. The symptoms seemed to be moving around my body. # ⚓ KQED TV ☛ It’s_time_to_screen_all_kids_for_anxiety, physicians’_task_force_recommends_–_MindShift⠀⇛ An influential panel of experts says all kids ages eight to 18 should be screened regularly for anxiety. This draft recommendation by the United States Preventative Task Force comes at a time when mental health problems among kids have escalated and are overwhelming the health system. The task force also recommends that kids 12 and older continue to be screened for depression, a recommendation that’s been in place since 2016. # ⚓ How_the_home_features_in_young_adults’_representations_of loneliness:_The_impact_of_COVID‐19⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Test_Your_Browser’s_Security⠀⇛ As your personal gateway to the internet, your web browser is the first line of defense against malicious websites. If your internet browser is not secure, viruses and spyware can infect your computer and damage your important data. And while a good antivirus does help, it’s always better to prevent the entry of malware in the first place rather than try to fix the damage. But what exactly can you do about it? Is there any way to check your browser for any security vulnerabilities? # ⚓ Techstrong Group ☛ Checkmarx_Finds_Malicious_Open Source_PyPi_Repository [Ed: If you download malware, it will do malicious things; a lot of these issues boil down to Microsoft shipping malware]⠀⇛ Checkmarx, a provider of a platform for testing application security, this week disclosed it has discovered a malicious instance of a PyPi repository for Python code that has been downloaded more than 70,000 times. # ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ 60%_of_BYOD_companies_face serious_security_risks⠀⇛ When employees began bringing shiny, new smartphones into the office in the late 2000s, many business and IT leaders spotted an opportunity. They recognized the productivity-boosting potential of mobile- connected workers, and – since almost everyone had their own smartphones – hoped this digital transformation would come at a big discount for the CFO. # ⚓ PS4/PS5_security:_hacker_TheFloW_gets_another_$10’000 bounty_from_PlayStation._Why_we_think_it_matters_– Wololo.net⠀⇛ A few days ago, PlayStation’s account on HackerOne displayed a new awarded bounty, once again to hacker extraordinaire TheFloW, and once again for one of the top amounts in that bounty program: $10’000. The news is doing the rounds on hacking scene websites. It’s the second bounty awarded to TheFloW by PlayStation in less than 2 weeks, and for an amount that points to a critical security flow in either the PS4, the PS5, or both. Two weeks ago, the hacker had been awarded $20’000 for another vulnerability disclosure. # ⚓ 6_Best_Fixes_for_Microsoft_Word_Not_Working_on_Mac [Ed: Proprietary software always prevents you getting a decent experience because upselling (other platform, new version etc.) is the perpetual objective]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Serious_Vulnerabilities_Found_in AWS’s_Log4Shell_Hot_Patches⠀⇛ Hot patches made available by Amazon Web Services (AWS) in response to the recent Log4j vulnerabilities could be exploited for privilege escalation or to escape containers, according to Palo Alto Networks. # ⚓ CyRC_Vulnerability_Analysis:_CVE-2022-1271_in_gzip, but_it’s_not_as_bad_as_it_sounds [Ed: Microsoft Black Duck focusing on minor flaws in GNU instead of back doors in Microsoft's stuff]⠀⇛ CVE-2022-1271 is a new vulnerability affecting gzip, a widely used open source component for archiving, compressing, and decompressing files. # ⚓ Ghacks ☛ Featured_and_Established_Publisher_badges are_now_listed_on_the_Chrome_Web_Store⠀⇛ If you have visited the Chrome Web Store recently, you may have noticed that many extensions show up with a featured and established publisher badge on the Store. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Judge_dismisses_Microsoft’s challenges:_ValueLicensing_case_to_proceed_in_Britain⠀⇛ The ValueLicensing case against Microsoft is set to proceed in the UK after a judge dismissed the Windows vendor’s jurisdictional challenge and strike-out application. Microsoft had hoped to have its UK arm struck off from the claim and suggested that Ireland would be a better place for the claim to be heard, particularly if the company was successful in getting its UK offshoot removed. Mr Justice Picken disagreed and dismissed Microsoft’s challenges, meaning that the damages claim (and Microsoft’s defense) will be heard in the High Court in England and Wales. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google_issues_third_emergency_fix for_Chrome_this_year⠀⇛ Google is issuing fixes for two vulnerabilities in its Chrome web browser, including one flaw that is already being exploited in the wild. The emergency updates the company issued this week impact the almost three billion users of its Chrome browser as well as those using other Chromium-based browsers, such as Microsoft Edge, Brave and Vivaldi. It is the third such emergency update Google has had to issue for Chrome this year. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Russian_accused_of_running marketplace_of_stolen_logins_•_The_Register⠀⇛ “The cyber-criminal marketplace operated by Dekhtyarchuk promoted and facilitated the sale of compromised credentials, personally identifiable information (PII), and other sensitive financial information,” FBI Houston Special Agent in Charge Jim Smith said in a statement. “Cyber-criminal actors behind these marketplaces go to great length to obfuscate their true identities and often utilize other sophisticated methods to further anonymize their activities.” # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Atlassian_comes_clean_on_what_data- deleting_script_behind_outage_actually_did [Ed: Clown computing does not mean reliability; it means data loss and loss of control over your systems' integrity and data]⠀⇛ Atlassian has published an account of what went wrong at the company to make the data of 400 customers vanish in a puff of cloudy vapor. And goodness, it makes for knuckle- chewing reading. The restoration of customer data is still ongoing. Atlassian CTO Sri Viswanath wrote that approximately 45 percent of those afflicted had had service restored but repeated the fortnight estimate it gave earlier this week for undoing the damage to the rest of the affected customers. As of the time of writing, the figure of customers with restored data had risen to 49 per cent. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ ESET_uncovers_vulnerabilities_in Lenovo_laptops ⠀⇛ Got a Lenovo laptop? You might need to do a swift bit of patching judging by the latest set of vulnerabilities uncovered by security researchers at ESET. Three vulnerabilities were reported today: CVE-2021-3970, CVE-2021-3971, and CVE-2021- 3972. The latter two are particularly embarrassing since they are related to UEFI firmware drivers used in the manufacturing process and can be used to disable SPI flash protections or the UEFI Secure Boot feature. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Russian-linked_Shuckworm_crew_ramps up_Ukraine_attacks [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The four observed variants of the custom Pterodo malware – which also is known as Pteranodon – all use Visual Basic Script (VBS) droppers with similar functions. They drop a VBScripts file, use Scheduled Tasks (shtasks.exe) to ensure persistence, and download code from a C2 server. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Machine-learning_models_vulnerable to_undetectable_backdoors_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Boffins from UC Berkeley, MIT, and the Institute for Advanced Study in the United States have devised techniques to implant undetectable backdoors in machine learning (ML) models. Their work suggests ML models developed by third parties fundamentally cannot be trusted. In a paper that’s currently being reviewed – “Planting Undetectable Backdoors in Machine Learning Models” – Shafi Goldwasser, Michael Kim, Vinod Vaikuntanathan, and Or Zamir explain how a malicious individual creating a machine learning classifier – an algorithm that classifies data into categories (eg “spam” or “not spam”) – can subvert the classifier in a way that’s not evident. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Brave,_DuckDuckGo_to_unplug Google’s_AMP_where_possible⠀⇛ Brave, the browser maker, and DuckDuckGo, the web search service, have both taken aim at AMP, Google’s controversial web publishing framework. Brave on Tuesday introduced a feature called De-AMP that lets those using the Brave browser avoid Google-hosted AMP pages and go straight to publisher content on standard web pages. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Funky_Pigeon_pauses_all_orders after_‘security_incident’_•_The_Register⠀⇛ WH Smith told us: “We have also informed the relevant regulators and law enforcement authorities, and we will continue to review and update our protocols based on what we learn from this incident. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google_tracked_58_exploited_zero- day_security_holes_in_2021_•_The_Register⠀⇛ More entities are reporting in-the-wild zero- day exploitation, she wrote, adding that this is a “very rough measure.” Along these same lines, more vendors are noticing exploited- in-the-wild zero-day flaws in their own products. Google, as an example, discovered seven of these in its own products last year and Microsoft discovered 10, Stone wrote. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Bad_password_check_lets_anyone_log into_Cisco_WLAN_controls_•_The_Register⠀⇛ The advisory refers to the vulnerability as CVE-2022-20695 and notes that if the flaw is successfully exploited, the attacker can gain administrator privileges. Cisco has bestowed the vulnerability with a severity rating of 10.0 out of 10.0. That’s as bad as it gets for those whose rating scale does not go to 11.0, otherwise known as “the call is coming from inside the house!” # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ US_warns_North_Korean_Lazarus_gang rising_against_cryptocurrency_outfits⠀⇛ “The term TraderTraitor describes a series of malicious applications written using cross- platform JavaScript code with the Node.js runtime environment using the Electron framework,” the agencies warn. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Criminals_adopting_new_methods_to bypass_improved_defenses,_says_Zscaler⠀⇛ Current events – such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the rising popularity of cryptocurrency – continue to work as lures to convince victims to click on a malicious links. The shift to more remote work has also added to the threat level of phishing. Employees no longer have the same security at home that they may have had in the office. VPNs and collaboration applications were used as themes in phishing campaigns, Desai said. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ REvil_resurrected?_Ransomware_crew appears_to_be_back._Keyword:_Appears [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO]⠀⇛ REvil, aka Sodinokibi, has been one of the most active — and lucrative — ransomware gangs in history. Its victims range from US nuclear weapons contractors to MSPs such as Kaseya to British VOIP providers. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ macOS_Server_discontinued_after years_on_life_support ⠀⇛ Apple is finally killing off the venerable macOS Server, directing users still clinging to Profile Manager toward Mobile Device Management solutions. The move is arguably long overdue. Much of what made macOS Server a server was deprecated in 2018 as the company announced plans to stop the likes of DHCP and DNS in its product and directed users to handy open- source alternatives. Apple Open Directory and Profile Manager lingered on, with the latter being used for configuration management for Apple devices in an organization. Now, however, that last stub of functionality is deemed obsolete and Apple has warned that while many bits of macOS Server will live on macOS, Profile Manager will not. So the time for dodging Mobile Device Management (MDM) is up. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ So,_what_happened_with_GitHub, Heroku,_and_those_raided_private_repos?⠀⇛ GitHub says it has identified and alerted developers who have had their private repositories accessed and downloaded via stolen authentication tokens. In this multifaceted fiasco, Microsoft-owned GitHub insisted its security was not breached. Instead, we’re told, “compromised OAuth user tokens from Heroku and Travis-CI- maintained OAuth applications were stolen and abused to download private repositories belonging to dozens of victim organizations that were using these apps.” # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google_bans_third-party_call- recording_apps_from_Play_Store⠀⇛ Google has made changes to its Play Store policies, effectively banning third-party call-recording apps beginning May 11, claiming it seeks to close alternative use accessibility APIs for things other than accessibility. Google has for a while blocked real call recording on Android 6 and over the microphone on Android 10. Developers have been using accessibility APIs as a workaround to enable the recording of calls on Android. # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Microsoft_Exchange_servers_hacked to_deploy_Hive_ransomware [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO]⠀⇛ A Hive ransomware affiliate has been targeting Microsoft Exchange servers vulnerable to ProxyShell security issues to deploy various backdoors, including Cobalt Strike beacon. # ⚓ Gov Info Sec News ☛ HHS_HC3_Warns_Healthcare_Sector of_Hive_Threats [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Federal authorities are warning the healthcare and public health sectors of aggressive, financially motivated attacks by the Hive ransomware group, which has been # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Hive_ransomware_affiliate_zeros_in on_Exchange_servers_–_The_Register [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO]⠀⇛ An affiliate of the aggressive Hive ransomware group is exploiting known vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange servers to encrypt and exfiltrate data and threaten to publicly disclose the information if the ransom isn’t paid. In a recent attack on an unnamed organization, the Hive affiliate rapidly compromised multiple devices and file servers by exploiting the ProxyShell vulnerabilities in Exchange servers, encrypting the data within 72 hours of the start of the attack, threat hunters with data security vendor Varonis Systems said in a report this week. The attack included all the hallmarks of one associated with Hive, a ransomware-as-a- service (RaaS) group that emerged in June 2021 and has targeted a range of sectors, including healthcare, retail, nonprofits, and energy providers. # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Sinar_Mas,_NEC_Present_Smart_Digital Advertising_in_BSD_City ⠀⇛ Sinar Mas has installed the smart digital billboard at The Breeze and Pasar Modern in BSD City as the project’s pilot areas. The real estate developer will later implement the advertising solution to all of its projects. [...] Brands or companies often find it challenging to identify the effectiveness of advertisements. This is mainly due to problems in calculating the number of target consumers who get to see the ad. As a result, brands are unable to tailor their ads to target consumers of different demographics. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Former_NHS_AI_leader joins_US_spy-tech_firm_Palantir⠀⇛ US surveillance-tech supplier Palantir has hired a one-time director of AI for NHSX – the former UK health service digital agency. Indra Joshi quit her role at the end of March as NHSX and NHS Digital were merged into NHS England, a non-departmental government body. Her arrival at Palantir will raise concerns among NHS watchers and privacy campaigners. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Europe_to_get_better YouTube_cookie_consent_popups_•_The Register⠀⇛ Alphabet’s Google on Thursday said it has rolled out a new cookie consent banner for YouTube visitors in France and will soon deploy the popup for its online properties throughout Europe. The reformulated cookie consent banner – more of screen-seizing overlay page than a slender banner – follows from discussions between the US goliath and European data protection authorities, particularly France’s Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL), which has been grumbling about cookie compliance for at least the past seven years. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ HCL,_HP_named_in unflattering_audit_of_India’s_biometric_IDs •_The_Register⠀⇛ India’s Comptroller and Auditor General has published a performance audit of the nation’s Unique Identification Authority and found big IT problems – some attributable to Indian services giant HCL and to HP, but others due to poor decisions by the Authority. The Authority (UADAI) oversees “Aadhaar” – a twelve-digit ID issued as a national identity token. Aadhaar is essential to access government services but can also be used by third parties – banks and mobile carriers employ it to verify the identity of applicants for new accounts. UADAI arranges for collection of the biometrics needed to create an Aadhaar – ten fingerprints, two iris scans, and a facial photograph – through enrollment agencies and registrars, then provides authentication-as-a- service using Aadhaar numbers. # § Confidentiality⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ UK_Prime Minister,_Catalan_groups_‘targeted_by NSO_Pegasus_spyware’⠀⇛ Citizen Lab has reported finding suspected surveillance software on devices associated with both the UK Prime Minister’s Office and what was formerly called the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The Canadian research outfit also said it had identified at least 65 individuals linked with Catalan civil society groups in Spain who were targeted by, or infected with, surveillance software. Catalonia is an autonomous region within Spain where there’s an ongoing politically divisive fight for national independence. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Divest⠀⇛ As dovish as I am, like how I condemn sending weapons to warzones, I still agree with sanctions, divestments, pulling products from markets etc. No- one is mandated to trade with an organization or nation who is killing them. Like, Mon Cala stopped selling ships to the Empire after Alderaan and I don’t blame them. There are many innocent farmers on empire-controlled planets who could’ve used those ships—even for life-saving purposes, but, it’s reasonable of Mon Cala to halt their sales. I’ll defend that decision. # ⚓ Stars And Stripes ☛ Soldiers_who_served_in_Vietnam_build_on common_ground_with_Parkinson’s_boxing_|_Stars_and_Stripes⠀⇛ Patrick Welch stepped on a land mine in 1965 during a firefight in Vietnam and spent his late teens in two military hospitals recovering from his injuries. He since has also faced the slow, steady ravages of Agent Orange. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Forbes ☛ The_Battle_To_Restore_Earth’s_Climate_Has_Begun⠀⇛ Fiekowsky is the founder of the Foundation for Climate Restoration, an organization of which I am a member. He is physicist, engineer, and entrepreneur. His book with Douglis lays out the enormous challenge the world faces, if we are to avoid an existential climate threat. This book is important because it tells us what we can do to restore the Earth’s climate, or at least restore the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to a level that prevailed at the dawn of the industrial age. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Intel_commits_to_net-zero greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_2040 [Ed: Vapourware: Committing to buzzwords and hype for greenwashing purposes... some time in a very distant future when Intel might not exist anymore]⠀⇛ Intel has committed to being net zero for greenhouse gas emissions across its global operations by 2040, and has set itself interim milestones for 2030 including 100 percent renewable electricity use and to identify greener chemicals with lower global warming potential. The chip giant announced the move as part of plans to increase the energy efficiency, and lower the carbon footprint, of Intel products and platforms, and said it will work with customers and industry partners to create systems that lower the greenhouse gas footprint of the entire technology ecosystem. # ⚓ ekar_launches_contactless_Peer-to-Peer_carshare_in Saudi_Arabia⠀⇛ When their personally owned vehicles are not in use, Saudi ‘hosts’ can now earn money by renting them out on the ekar platform. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Putin_reaches_for_nuclear_option: Zuckerberg_banned⠀⇛ Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg and LinkedIn CEO Ryan Roslansky are among the latest US citizens to be added to the increasingly bizarre Russian sanctions list. The Russian Foreign Ministry on Thursday added the two CEOs, along with United States VP Kamala Harris and her husband Doug Emhoff, several Department of Defense officials, ABC personality and former advisor to president Bill Clinton George Stephanopoulos, and more than 20 others, to the Kremlin’s “stop list,” which bans them from entering Russia indefinitely. Moscow has pledged to add more names to the list, which means it’s time to start playing tech exec bingo — or maybe down a shot of whiskey when your CEO makes the cut. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ SWI ☛ Swiss_technology_foils_Russian_censorship_–_SWI swissinfo.ch⠀⇛ The Swiss software Kiwix enables the user to copy entire websites so they can be accessible offline. Now that Wikipedia risks sanction in Russia because of its content on the Ukraine war, downloads of the free online encyclopaedia using Kiwix are off the charts. Wikipedia is one of the few sources of information on the Ukraine war not yet censored in Russia, but it is on the Kremlin’s radar. Since the beginning of March, Wikimedia, the American foundation that runs Wikipedia, “has received several warnings from the Russian government… calling upon it to suppress verified, factual information in the articles”, a spokesperson told SWI swissinfo.ch via email. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Infosys_noncompete_clause_sparks_labor ministry_complaint_•_The_Register⠀⇛ A labor rights non-profit has filed a complaint with India’s Ministry of Labor alleging IT services giant Infosys has subjected its employees to an illegal noncompete clause. Within the contracts for onboarding employees is a stipulation, according to Nascent Information Technology Employees Senate (NITES), that staff may not accept employment from any Infosys customer they worked with while at Infosys for six months after terminating employment. Employees are also barred from working for an Infosys competitor if it means they would work with a customer they worked with at Infosys during the 12 months prior to leaving Infosys. # ⚓ How_an_Army_of_Volunteers_Has_Welcomed_Immigrants_in Poland—After_the_Government_Wouldn’t_–_Mother_Jones⠀⇛ She hadn’t even reached the border when she felt her teeth crack. Diana Kyrychyk had just finished getting a root canal in Ukraine the previous day, but she still had four temporary fillings that needed to be replaced and now they were disintegrating. She pulled two bits of broken teeth from her mouth, carefully tucked them into her front jeans pocket, and kept moving. On a crowded road in northwest Ukraine, she was fleeing Russian missiles by foot with two suitcases, her husband, her sister, her three young children, and her 6- month-old niece. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Grant_County_hopes_free_internet_will_convince_higher-tech workers_to_stick_around_–_OPB⠀⇛ “If I didn’t have this internet, this CyberMill, I wouldn’t have been able to do this job,” said the 31-year-old “I’d have to move.” [...] Ryne Smith sits in front of a computer at Grant County’s first so-called CyberMill, which opened this winter in Seneca. He’s working on a contract to check new Intel products for glitches — work that requires faster and more reliable internet than he has at home. # ⚓ Portland Press Herald ☛ Cutting_the_Cord”_—_Getting_TV_and phone_services_over_the_internet⠀⇛ o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Insteon’s_vanishing_act_explained:_Smart home_biz_insolvent,_sells_off_assets⠀⇛ Smartlabs, Inc, parent of vanished internet of things vendor Insteon, is unable to meet its financial obligations and has assigned its assets to a financial services firm to be sold. After recently shutting down the servers supporting its smart home hub app and saying nothing to its customers or partners, the California-based firm on Wednesday evening finally got around to publishing an update to its website. [...] The legal paperwork for this process noted, in March, that Smartlabs “is indebted to various creditors and is unable to pay its debts in full, and has decided to discontinue its business,” and thus transferred its assets so that those owed money can be paid back. The former CEO of Smartlabs and Insteon, Rob Lilleness, appears to be concerned that the failure of his company might haunt him: he initially changed his LinkedIn profile to omit any mention of Smartlabs or Insteon and reduced his display name to initials. Then after the unannounced shutdown of Insteon’s servers was reported, his LinkedIn profile disappeared completely. # ⚓ Certain_digital_PS3_and_Vita_titles_are_“expiring”_and_no one_knows_why⠀⇛ Foose goes on to explain that they had tested Chrono Trigger earlier that day (April 8) on their PS3, and it had run fine and had no expiration date. Talking with the official PlayStation support system did not help with the issue either. And later on, other users showed games like Final Fantasy IX and Final Fantasy VI facing the same issue of having an expiry date in the past. # ⚓ PlayStation_Classic_Games,_Like_Chrono_Cross,_Unplayable_on PS3,_PS_Vista⠀⇛ Unplayable PS classic games from the original PlayStation have emerged in recent days, according to several users who tried them on the PS3 and PS Vita. When gamers sought to start Chrono Cross to commemorate new remastering, for example, a message indicating the expiry date (December 31, 1969) prevented them from doing so, and the story began to spread. Rather than affecting only one game, the issue affects a number of PS classic games. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Departing_Space_Force_chief_architect likens_Pentagon’s_tech_acquisition_to_a_BSoD⠀⇛ The outgoing first chief architect officer of the US Air and Space Force urged the Pentagon to lay off wasting time building everything itself, and use commercial kit if available and appropriate to upgrade its technological capabilities quickly. “If the Department of Defense is going to compete on today’s global stage and maintain its technological edge, it has to ride the wave of commercial innovation,” Preston Dunlap told The Register on Monday. “If it doesn’t, it risks drowning under its own weight.” After signing up for a two-year stint leading R&D and tech acquisition programs for the US Air and Space Force, Dunlap stepped down as CAO this week, three years and four months into the role. In an open letter shared on LinkedIn, he ran through his achievements and offered advice to his colleagues. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Scraping_public_data_from_the_web still_OK:_US_court [Ed: Microsoft harms the Web]⠀⇛ Scraping data from a public website doesn’t violate America’s Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled on Monday. The decision [PDF] echoes the appeal’s court 2019 decision, which upheld a lower court’s 2017 determination in HiQ v. LinkedIn that web scraping doesn’t qualify as accessing a protected computer without authorization. The case began in California in 2017 when HiQ, an employment analytics firm, filed a lawsuit challenging LinkedIn’s legal and technical efforts to block HiQ from copying public profile data from LinkedIn users. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6251 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 68 seconds to (re)generate ⟲