𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, September 28, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 29 Sep 02:43:24 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmPd8eLQ2K4AVwUwwDXWDzcs9Y6q6rEafAqGPGCsRaNu1n QmfCsH16QBNTRxCFWkRbN8iKEXme1kZFksZvXhwcAkGbv1 QmbPTxQodgGofF9SkH91qnwS4xfGFrHEdPESATQe3KmLup QmVuPxmX77pHLEiaxQUdUu9Hv2c5on5vmDiepeKvhokhrK QmSSVivjsb74DwAwvNFUWiXAExS8esEHiJBzykMK9Da4BW QmYr91F9jQ6C4UgdRQqHE5QbcXGHYUcZYCYnigDogJGkyy QmVMkxTFB9LnSNGEQQ9wHzrmgcc9R1GBBrkXQwesnZn9sF QmVp5xT7mzD29ygLxoepcfrYB5u4Vyc9cndBz66AV7cb69 QmYPR3iBujyTHUCpxPHwsMNXJiNSLgfQa4AuzchgiUJ3M8 QmWTRh2ZdgwUGq9b4v8Cnv5g51yvN18PNFNC89vkDa478d QmQCpGVvMV5EduUzKqAToqKEmsDN4YWubH4KwPsA11BkFL Qmac6ycg4HgCXK32zmYm12JDmDQfL8BtJPF89Q129UbkCn QmTscUZbUfSgcCFNAKKV4rEvAsHABZ2Ct9K7RCSGGzRRDT QmcB3PmzUDz4gMMbVfzAbgcnKwRGZjhaY7foe2B7ox9dZW QmPRWZzVkej6AaPT8ApKxMdBRNbW94Cun6NRXmgn86A4C6 Qmey3FmUxZfMChKk9iWk1mHUB4Ymv2HgjzsQvr46EWDcdK QmesUFpQsQz19kHzMA7tU1y4kQBAYsznybzsWwLBxiEGvf QmUNJbX6AjW7qRrRLEqvkvgYaXD8vF7JZ7MVUdUWWqFEWb QmaxL9evVXo6gdQbWEnxs6y6kbCqGpRDiMGpi9NzXpjWN6 QmWVv1HPWfKNdq4B1hsdKRUksjQbdu793jr8mx3togTQqd QmPKM7UPv2eUYm1VWHrWhpB7k57bm5wSRaYyKhQ6Ck6Pfj ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Microsoft is Coasting on What it Once Was, Using Things like Internet Explorer for Leverage and BSA Ads on Facebook | Techrights ⦿ Get Away From Clowns (Clown Computing), They Will Only Betray and Hurt You at the End | Techrights ⦿ Attempts to Legislate Against Free Software in Order to Elbow Such Software Aside | Techrights ⦿ Free Speech is Becoming as Scarce as Independent Journalism (Even at the FSF) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, September 27, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ MICROSOFT Still the ENEMY of Linux and FOSS, But Somebody Has Very Selective Memory and Weak Critical Skills | Techrights ⦿ IBM is Outsourcing Key Parts of GNU to Microsoft Linux Foundation | Techrights ⦿ Linux Today Back to Posting Spam Instead of News | Techrights ⦿ ’The Linux Experiment’ Thinks RMS is the Enemy and Microsoft is Not | Techrights ⦿ The Internet is Under Growing Threat of Being Cut Off (at Least Partially) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/bsa-ads-on-facebook/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/clown-video-topics-combined/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/discriminating-against-free-software/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/free-speech-dying/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/irc-log-270922/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/microsoft-still-the-enemy-of-linux/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/outsourcing-gnu/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/spam-instead-of-news/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/the-linux-experiment-confused/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/transcontinental-sabotage/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/spirallinux-11-220925/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/ubuntu-desktop-advertised-as-clown/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 75 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/bsa-ads-on-facebook/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/bsa-ads-on-facebook/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Microsoft_is_Coasting_on_What_it_Once_Was,_Using_Things_like_Internet Explorer_for_Leverage_and_BSA_Ads_on_Facebook⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft at 4:17 pm by Guest Editorial Team Reprinted with permission from Ryan I was talking about Microsoft using legacy crap in Windows as a “feature” to lock people in who were stupid enough to design things based on it. “Near the end, Trident’s rendering capabilities weren’t that bad, but Microsoft just kept adding modes that essentially froze the state of the engine and then made a new one on top that behaved differently. If you don’t specify a doctype, then to Internet Explorer, the DOM is still where it was at in 1999. This is because Microsoft encouraged abusing it to write Intranet sites and ActiveX crap that will never be fixed. There are still ways to launch IE and browse with it in Windows 11 although they obscure how to get at it. But you can force it to launch. The bulk of [Internet Explorer] is never going away though. It would break some thing that some business or government uses internally and they’d go “Well, shit. Since that’s gone, we may as well ditch Windows too because that’s literally the only reason we were paying for it.”. Windows has a lot of attack surface that most people never think about because people pay to keep it crufty. The way to deal with applications that old of course could be something like IEs4Linux where you just shove them into WIne, or stick an old copy of Windows 2000 into a virtual machine and only allow it on the Intranet, but if you’re a big company, Microsoft’s BSA will come audit this and find out you’re using “their software” in a way they don’t like. Microsoft’s BSA is a bunch of lawyers that figure out who suddenly hasn’t paid up in a while and is trying to get away from them and then demands audits and exit taxes and Windows licenses for machines that don’t even run Windows. It served their purposes that you should paint yourself into a corner using the mess that they provided over the years. You know, for “free”, of course. It’s like trying to get out of California and they figure all you’re good for is to soak one last time, so you get a tax audit.” So you “get out of California” and life’s good until the California tax people send you a letter in the mail and say “You owe this because reasons.” and you end up paying them something even if you don’t owe them anything because otherwise they’ll take you to one of their tax courts where they always win. Microsoft’s lawyers are like this. -Me on a Matrix chatroom If that’s not bad enough, if you get on Facebook, the BSA is always offering to pay people to narc out large users of their software who are violating the EULA. Chances are one of your own employees will see that, decide that being a rat pays pretty well, and anonymously turn you in, and then use the money they got to go on vacation and pay their car note off. People who are not already in a predicament like this should avoid getting caught in Microsoft’s tar pit. People who are in a predicament like this need to avoid the one time expenses of freeing themselves from their Microsoft dependencies and migrating away vs. total expense of just paying and paying. The total expense is more than just the licensing fees for Microsoft products, where you’ve already paid for Windows a million times over and here you are paying for it again. Microsoft products are not secure and are constantly being taken over by ransomware and nation state malware, and even failing that somehow, are of poor technical quality and just have a habit of blowing up on you at the worst possible time due to inferior craftsmanship. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 195 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/clown-video-topics-combined/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/clown-video-topics-combined/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Get_Away_From_Clowns_(Clown_Computing),_They_Will_Only_Betray_and_Hurt_You_at the_End⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Google, Servers at 12:20 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 4ccea214a2936a6982bd285bad95caaf Google is Not a Friend: Google Photos Corrupted, Highlighting Dangers of Clown Computing Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/google-hates-you.webm Summary: Corporations do not like people, they are just blindly obedient to shareholders and their personal interests; outsourcing your personal data (or business data, which impacts non-consenting subjects) to other companies is a self-harming if not outright suicidal move and we gather more and more evidence of this over time HOW many times does Google need to burn its so-called ‘users’ (used by Google) before they learn to just avoid Google? More generally, when will people realise that the promise or promises of Clown Computing are false? Like Rust promising “security” when Rust_itself_is_a security_liability… In the corporate world (or shareholders-first context), things are very rarely what they’re advertised as. Google spent years brainwashing or bullying or blackmailing Linus Torvalds to accept Rust, whose development was in effect funded by Google (the Sugar Daddy of Mozilla). “With a budget like Google’s and salaries so astronomically high, shouldn’t this have been prevented?”A couple of nights ago I saw the report about Google’s user data getting corrupted. I took note to say “Google Photos Corrupted, Highlighting Dangers of Clown Computing” and later I saw more reports_to_the_same_effect. To quote the latter one: “According to those affected, the corruption persists when downloading the image. This apparently applies to both individual downloads and when using Google Takeout. The original copies of pictures do not appear to be impacted, but the edited ones are what appear in the Google Photos apps. Dozens of reports and examples show near-identical instances of this issue. The problem looks to have resided for some in the last day, but others are still affected. As such, it’s more than likely that there is a solution on Google’s end for this.” With a budget like Google’s and salaries so astronomically high, shouldn’t this have been prevented? As I explain in the video above, some of the world’s most famous storage gurus are employed by Google. In my video, the negligence is explained a bit further. And the lessons learned here are that even large companies cannot be relied upon with your data; in fact, they don’t value this data and won’t make a special effort to protect or restore it; previously, with Picasa, they just simply tore down people’s software tools and data, purely for business reasons. There are reasons other than data integrity not to give Google any of your data. One important aspect is — suffice to say — privacy. See Leaking_Passwords through_the_Spellchecker from Schneier on Security. It was published earlier this week and said: “The solution is to only use the spellchecker options that keep the data on your computer—and don’t send it into the cloud…” Microsoft and Google are both building databases with people’s passwords. Is that even legal??? As somebody else noted_this_week, Google Analytics isn’t legal. To quote: “Although Google says that Google Analytics 4 solves the issue, the Austrian and Danish DPAs reject Google’s point of view.” It’s like they’re above the law; in fact fines don’t scare them. It’s just the ‘price’ of abusing people. “They really don’t value people’s memories.”Legality aside, there are practical reasons to avoid outsourcing. As one article put it: “It’s easy to just snap photos of all your special memories and keep them uploaded to the cloud for safekeeping, never worrying about them. But what happens when they’re not as safe as you’d assumed? This is what some Google Photos users are experiencing, posting to Google support that their older images have become corrupted.” And they didn’t even notify users. There are no backups. They really don’t value people’s memories. The Google ‘Gulag’ is so careless and incompetent, going ‘full Stalin’ on people’s photos (Stalin was notorious for deleting or sanitising photographs). Clown computing is a huge mistake. Keeping one’s photos in_one’s_own_turf is both doable and encouraged. It’s affordable as well. The entry barrier is not as high as people are led to believe and there’s no service shutdown unless one chooses to shut down one’s own album/s. As for data loss, regular backups help. Don’t let some greedy, unaccountable corporations handle them. Microsoft lost customers’ valuable information many times before (e.g. Danger Sidekick). Live and learn, stop repeating mistakes. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 314 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/discriminating-against-free-software/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/discriminating-against-free-software/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Attempts_to_Legislate_Against_Free_Software_in_Order_to_Elbow_Such_Software Aside⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FUD, Law, Microsoft, Security at 9:29 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum a8f9ceff0ad97d546e30338a3c0ce610 Media FUD and Anti-FOSS Bills Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/security-fud-abundant.webm Summary: There’s not only a wave of attacks falsely attributing security issues to Free software (the media says “Open Source”) but also new legislation in the United States, likely crafted by lobbyists, which discriminates against Free software whilst ignoring the elephant in the room, e.g. government_back_doors THE corporate media, which is being fed a set of mindless talking points from corporations that fund it (e.g. by buying advertising space), is spreading a lot of Free software-hostile misinformation. It has been particularly true this month. Not a day goes by without us providing several examples in Daily Links, usually with accompanying editorial remarks/response. Thanks to gross bias and corrupting influence of money, so-called ‘journalists’ (stenographers) try to convince us the worst thing to security is “Open Source”, using terms like “supply chain”, which became fashionable (distracting from the real culprit, e.g. “MS_SQL_[proprietary]_servers_are_getting_hacked_to_deliver_ransomware_to orgs,” as just pointed out in Help Net Security, or never noting that this “supply chain” is controlled by proprietary frameworks, e.g. GitHub or NPM, i.e. Microsoft/NSA). “Some of these sources (e.g. Recorded Future) are connected to spy agencies and spy on IRC networks.”One recent rebuttal to the torrent of FUD comes from a podcast of Josh Bressers. It’s entitled “Holding open source to a higher standard”, alleging_that_Free_software_is_scrutinised_a_lot_more_harshly_than proprietary_rivals/counterparts. “Open source has always been held to a higher standard,” Bressers says. “It has always surpassed this standard.” Sadly, this is the only link we can recommend that readers follow and read. We put it in Daily Links several days ago. The annoying part was pointed out to us by an associate, alleging that Microsoft “is still milking the log4j vuln[erability] for political gain,” based on shallow blog posts and reports [1, 2, 3]. “The FSF, EFF, and OSI (in their old incarnations) need to be in proactive,” the associate said, and “contact with the OMB immediately.” Some of these sources (e.g. Recorded Future) are connected to spy agencies and spy on IRC networks. It’s a sinister entity. “CISA, a Microsoft booster, is involved in this.”The above corresponds to S.4913 – Securing Open Source Software Act of 2022, which can be found in congress.gov_under_the_title_“Securing_Open_Source_Software_Act_of_2022″. It’s formalised “concern trolling” in a suit with a tie. The title is misleading. CISA, a_Microsoft_booster, is involved in this. To quote from one of the links above: “The Securing Open Source Software Act — sponsored by Senators Gary Peters (D-Mich.) and Rob Portman (R-Ohio) — would require the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to create a “risk framework” around the use of open source code within the government and critical infrastructure agency.” “CISA would need to find ways to “mitigate risks in systems that use open source software” as well as hire experienced open source experts to address issues like Log4j. The bill also requires the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to publish guidance for agencies about how to use open source software securely.” Based on CISA’a own list of actively-exploited flaws, Microsoft is a vast part of the problem, but S.4913 was “[r]ead twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.” “Notice how they keep mentioning “Log4j”; even about a year later! It had been patched before the public even knew about it.”As if the problem is what Microsoft keeps attacking or what’s replacing Microsoft. “The overwhelming majority of computers in the world rely on open source code – freely available code that anyone can contribute to,” says this_page. But that’s its strength, not the weakness, as I explain in the video above. Anyone can fix it, so it gets fixed very fast. Notice how they keep mentioning “Log4j”; even about a year later! It had been patched before the public even knew about it. Many publishers intentionally participate in a FUD campaign, e.g. Help Net Security with “Open_source_projects_under_attack,_with_enterprises_as_the ultimate_targets” just a couple of days ago. That’s just another wave of anti- Free software FUD; so back doors in proprietary software are OK, but this is… the end of the world? And the sky is falling? This selective attention is a propaganda technique. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 436 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/free-speech-dying/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/free-speech-dying/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Free_Speech_is_Becoming_as_Scarce_as_Independent_Journalism_(Even_at_the FSF)⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, FUD at 11:12 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 9cec78b99b8a19d43c0b0b8323b16f19 The Online Speech Police Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/truthiness-police.webm Summary: Censorious tendencies and authoritarian leanings have put speech (both online and offline) at risk; it has gotten so bad that nowadays it’s difficult to say what’s true and factual if someone’s feelings (or a clique) will be hurt THE Free Software Foundation (FSF) has announced that it_is_pursuing_talks, but reliable sources inside the FSF have told me that talks are closely scrutinised before they’re approved. The screening process is there to ensure that no “undesirable” views get aired. So does the first F in “FSF” also relate to Free speech? It’s complicated. Their IRC network and even their mailing lists are censored. Sometimes_out_of_convenience,_not_to_avoid_offense. “Their IRC network and even their mailing lists are censored.”This isn’t to ‘bash’ the FSF, just to openly and freely state what’s factual. In LibrePlanet 2023, “software patents ought to be addressed,” someone has told us, but they seem to favour lawyers as speakers, not hackers/coders who understand these issues from a technical perspective. I would have submitted a talk on this issue had I not felt the threat of being suppressed (or the talk watered down). Based on what I heard, they do both (censorship and self-censorship), so I choose to instead publish in a platform that I control. “It’s partially online so speakers could be from anywhere,” someone has reminded us, but that in no way tackles the free speech deficit, just aspects of convenience (no need to travel). My response was that if I had given a talk about the EPO or UPC, for instance, “it would have to be self-censored heavily [so] and I’d rather use my own platform…” Notice how the FSF did not take note of GNU’s anniversary. “Today is the 39th anniversary of the launch of GNU,” we’ve been reminded by somebody. “I would say an important topic would be to get institutions onboard for a proper recognition of the 40th anniversary next year.” Well, so far the FSF has said nothing. It just celebrated its own 35th anniversary, but that was it. The contribution to it from the FSF’s own founder was a pre-recorded and heavily sanitised ‘talk’. We mentioned that at the time. Are they embarassed of their own people and projects? Any hypothetical scenario I can think of would prevent me from speaking openly and that’s not limited to the FSF’s LibrePlanet. Nowadays academia is pretty much the same (scholarly environments became very corporatised) and it’s hard to get anything published that contradicts phony corporate narratives. The corporate money (e.g. advertising, grants) reinforces if not cements the monopoly on narrative/s. “I don’t think I ever saw a LibrePlanet talk (seen a lot) that focuses on corruption,” I noted. Ever since yesterday I’ve thought about it some more. I still can’t think of an example. They set boundaries and those likely include protection for FSF sponsors. The organisation being not revolutionary and not even reactionary (reacting to some of Microsoft's_latest_competition_crimes) is a very big problem. So-called diplomatic and bureaucratic people have decided to ‘police’ the FSF’s speech, making it or shaping it like the SFC, albeit_with less_funding. “The corporate money (e.g. advertising, grants) reinforces if not cements the monopoly on narrative/s.”We not only needed Richard Stallman (rms) back in the institution he had founded in 1985. We needed the real rms back. We needed someone who can bluntly spell out the issues, not some career climbers who “leave it to the profe$$ial$” (like inviting lawyers to speak about patents, talking in terms like “IP”). This problem further extends to another important theme; see “Journalism: “Objectivity”_and_“Neutrality”_Aren’t_the_Same_Thing“ at CounterPunch (appeasing two misleading camps, sometimes both of which connected to the same companies). And a connected theme is social control media. See “Why Misinformation_Spreads_So_Quickly_On_Social_Media” (e.g. how rms was defamed without any corrections/retractions issued later). That latter one “ties into the CounterPunch article too; objectivity is not parroting “both sides” but a matter of digging to find what the facts are,” as an associate explains. We linked to the CounterPunch piece several days ago. The only thing worse than a lack of media or misleading media is social control media because it’s harmful on many levels (some aspects are explained in the video above). “The only thing worse than a lack of media or misleading media is social control media because it’s harmful on many levels…”“Another theme,” the associate said, “setting aside who said it or maybe not, is that computers used to be about doing work for people and under the direction of people rather than as a means to far people and their attention. Note how far the proprietary company Apple has diverged_from_its_founder_since_his_death.” “Most software, especially “apps”, are about farming behaviors these days.” Worse yet, they actively misinform the user and even incite_the_user_against innocent_people, sometimes to distract from scandals that haunt the app maker/ s. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 565 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/irc-log-270922/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/irc-log-270922/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_September_27,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:03 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-270922.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-270922.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-270922.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-270922.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmeS4Cyw2CibLG2A5HadbKFWWDTjGLPuVFcvGwFndr8SvK #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  Qmbiju5ivqEetMv5w5u5PvXyYA5JoY27x6PkwZhrsNwkdy (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmXCAGZjKGaqvFy8MqpvbajoVyGyZ2u4DEDXAJpCKDuund social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmQZfzKVVkmTSFd2Eo6cVmjq9ao4Z2Pfyfx9EX2yeuT8XT social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmdVZ9J2kcbonhame6vgh6UZc6Jh4jK54DZmc2EEcryyyH #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmPRL96sxipqcWTc7oF2YtWY85C9McvWbujKfmmobueqVK (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmasFaRXxaCqjn2wdf5HF3YPc7gxxMXKxvdZKPUUnNobxd #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmerrXAMwt8K65sUZW2S2TiaZjJu7zcyF7VEbNyhtLBF4x (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmPKM7UPv2eUYm1VWHrWhpB7k57bm5wSRaYyKhQ6Ck6Pfj ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 692 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/microsoft-still-the-enemy-of-linux/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/microsoft-still-the-enemy-of-linux/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ MICROSOFT_Still_the_ENEMY_of_Linux_and_FOSS,_But_Somebody_Has_Very_Selective Memory_and_Weak_Critical_Skills⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Microsoft at 12:59 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 3d6a356296d1b7b02c9ff788cdd1170a Nick Experiments With False Narratives Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/nick-being-a-dick.webm Summary: The latest_video_of_"Nick" misleads on what Microsoft means to GNU/ Linux users and Free software developers; I respond to some weak or false premises THE video above was published in response to this_one (embedded ads). It was entitled “MICROSOFT isn’t the ENEMY of Linux and FOSS anymore, but it’s no friend either…” (hence the title of the response) “My own thoughts are sort of ‘superimposed’ above; it’s one step away from calling people who oppose Microsoft “enemies” or “haters”. He uses the word “hate” to trivialise the victims’ angst.”On the Web, when one woos advertising opportunities, one develops a sixth sense for corporate acceptance (or acceptance from corporate shills like those who signed the petition against Richard Stallman, including “The Linux Experiment”/Nick above, pretending_to_be a_whole_organisation!). Last night Nick published a rather provocative video arguing that Microsoft isn’t the enemy or something to that effect (whilst insiting that RMS is the enemy, based on a big bunch of lies) As one person put it: “How can a non-idiot become so detached from reality without being on the take? Holy shit, it’s right there in the title… What a tool || fool he is.” “Nick’s video was disappointing but not as bad as it initially looked,” the person said after actually watching it, “however not good, just disappointing. It is clickbait but that does not stop him from expressing troubling statements and glossing over problems. Like I said, it is very disappointing.” My own thoughts are sort of ‘superimposed’ above; it’s one step away from calling people who oppose Microsoft “enemies” or “haters”. He uses the word “hate” to trivialise the victims’ angst. The person we spoke to last night says “he seems to soft-pedal the 1990s while glossing over the 1980s. He tries to spin the behaviors as past actions and not ongoing, continued attacks against everyone and everything. At least he almost called them out over OOXML but missed out a key point that no one — not even Microsoft — uses it. And he bullshits on WSL, overstating its capabilities. The kernel ‘contributions’ are mistaken for help rather than dumping crap Microsoft-oriented code. He observes, correctly, that Microsoft aims to control now via the “cloud”. He misses the core of the problem with GitHub. Microsoft Co-pilot, unlike his claim, is a copyright infringing service. Definitely not his best video. He’s off badly in each segment.” █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_meme:_YouTube!_Microsoft_revisionism⦈_ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⣿⢗⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡗⣠⣿⣷⠶⣥⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠅⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⣾⠃⢸⣇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡭⡀⠻⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠈⡦⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢢⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠋⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠋⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢷⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡦⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣤⣤⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣙⠛⠓⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⢀⣀⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡆⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⠀⠀⠄⠀⣠⣿⠿⠷⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⡛⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣶⣆⡆⢸⣿⣿⣯⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣂⣀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢠⡇⠉⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣿⠀⠀⠁⠐⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣦⣀⠀⢠⣾⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣼⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⠿⢻⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢘⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⠏⣴⣿⣄⣤⣾⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠈⣆⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠃⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠽⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢢⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡦⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⡛⠿⠶⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠈⠀⢸⠀⢀⣼⠟⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣧⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣴⣆⡄⢠⣿⣿⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣆⣀⣀⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣇⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠇⢾⠀⠀⡸⠉⠉⠩⣤⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⠇⠀⠈⠐⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣮⣀⠀⢠⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⣾⠂⢸⡇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠙⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡭⡄⠻⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⠀⢈⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠈⣦⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢢⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠋⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠼⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣧⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⡡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡶⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢰⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣙⠛⠷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠈⠀⠘⠀⢀⣼⡟⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⢠⣆⡀⠀⣽⣿⣶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣸⣿⣿⡆⣀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣇⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠇⢼⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠈⣆⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠁⣮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⠄⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡦⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣙⠛⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠀⠀⠘⠀⢀⣼⡟⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⡆⡀⠀⣽⣿⣶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡃⣸⣿⣿⡆⣀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢇⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⠇⢼⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣟⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣯⢦⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢘⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡏⣿⡗⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡷⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠩⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⣡⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣠⣿⣷⠶⣥⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⣻⣿⣿⣾⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⣶⠀⠀⡆⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡭⡀⠹⣿⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠈⡆⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠁⣮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡼⠄⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡦⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣤⣤⣴⣦⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣙⠛⠓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠀⠀⠘⠀⢀⣼⡟⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⡆⡀⠀⣽⣿⣶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡃⣸⣿⣿⡆⣀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢇⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⠇⢸⠀⠀⡰⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣿⢤⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢘⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡇⢷⣎⣿⡏⣿⡗⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠭⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣶⠀⠀⠁⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣷⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣭⡈⠻⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⠀⢀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡾⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣄⠰⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⣠⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⢠⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣾⠆⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⡙⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡔⠀⠀⡄⠀⢀⣼⠯⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣧⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⢠⡆⡀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣇⢰⣿⣿⡆⡀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣇⠉⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠃⢾⠀⢀⡴⠀⠀⠰⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣟⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣿⢠⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢙⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣷⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣾⣿⣽⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡷⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣝⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⠘⡿⣿⢡⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡤⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠃⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣯⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⣼⣿⣶⢾⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠷⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⠀⢀⡃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢭⠈⢿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⠱⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠁⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⢀⣴⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⢰⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣧⠦⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠛⠷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡔⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⠿⠞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣧⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⡆⡀⠀⣻⣿⣭⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣇⢰⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡆⠈⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠇⢿⠀⢀⡴⠀⠀⠰⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣏⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣿⢠⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢘⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢹⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣽⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡷⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠉⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣝⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣟⣉⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠂⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⡶⢮⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣍⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢟⣿⣿⣷⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⠀⢀⡃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⢆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢎⣅⠘⢿⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⠱⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⣼⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⡟⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣰⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣡⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣦⣤⣄⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡙⠿⣧⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡔⠀⠀⡄⠀⢀⣽⠯⠖⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣥⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⣻⣿⣭⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣃⢸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡄⠈⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠇⣿⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⠃⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣏⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣿⢠⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠻⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢘⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢹⣇⣶⡆⣼⣿⣹⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡷⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢻⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠈⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣝⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⢰ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠂⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⢿⡿⠆⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣷⣶⣭⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣷⡶⠄⠀⢰⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣿⣟⣁⠀⠀⠈⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢛⠀⢻⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⢀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⢸⣿⣟⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⡁⠄⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣾⣿⣯⡜⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⢀⣼⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⢀⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣠⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣻⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡄⠀⠀⡇⠀⢀⣿⣟⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣤⣀⣰⣿⣿⠻⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠻⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⣠⡀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣛⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⣿⠂⢸⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢧⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠻⠟⠃⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⠀⣤⢶⣄⠀⣤⠈⣿⢠⣤⠀⣴⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⠻⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢘⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢹⣇⣶⡆⣼⣿⣹⡟⢿⣿⣿⡇⢷⣎⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠘⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠙⠈⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣝⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⠘⡿⣿⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠂⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣶⣮⣍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣶⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣶⣮⣍⡀⠀⠀⠚ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⠀⠀⢰⠛⠈⢿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⡁⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢵⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣠⣤⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⢀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣰⣧⣿⡉⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣧⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⣮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣟⡵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡛⢿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠈⠀⢰⣿⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣴⢾⣝⢫⣽⠀⣤⢶⣝⠫⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣤⢩⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣏⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢹⣿⢿⢿⣯⡫⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠰⣶⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠛⠍⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣋⣁⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣱⣿⣿⡋⠉⠀⢸⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠐⠟⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⠶⠦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣅⣀⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠄⠀⢨⣼⣿⣿⠷⠶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⠀⢸⡇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠉⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⢨⣾⡿⣿⣿⣶⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⠯⠁⢸⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⡁⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⡖⢦⠀⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣧⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠛⢀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⠿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡀⣀⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣷⣶⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠏⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠐⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡗⣿⣡⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⡈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠀⠀⠃⠀⢠⣿⠿⠟⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢻⣳⠙⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣾⣷⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣸⣠⠀⢸⣿⣿⡍⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣯⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢄⣿⣿⣿⡆⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠬⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣿⣽⣿⣿⣵⢾⣝⢫⣽⠃⣤⢶⣝⠫⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣬⢡⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣏⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⢿⢿⣯⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠰⣶⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠟⠭⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⣣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣁⣽⣿⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣿⣿⣯⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣶⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠟⣱⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⡄⠀⢘⣩⣿⣶⣤⣭⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⠂⢸⡇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠙⠛ ⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⢙⣭⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠛⠽⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣅⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠸⢉⣁⠈⠛⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣧⠄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⡍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⢀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢰⣮⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡿⣽⠯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⠄⠀⠘⠀⢀⣶⠿⠛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⡗⡗⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣿⣿⡿⠀⢸⣿⡟⡌⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢀⡀⡆⡄⠀⣿⣿⡏⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡽⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠫⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⢧⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢪⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣵⢾⣍⢩⣤⠁⣤⢿⣽⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣽⢶⣄⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣏⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣯⣿⢻⣿⢟⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡟⣿⡏⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠿⠭⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸⡗⡟⢴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⡒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⣿⣿⡋⡈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⣱⢇⢰⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡽⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠫⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢨⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣴⢿⣟⢫⣼⢀⣴⢿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢷⣌⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠈⣿⣯⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢷⣏⣿⡟⣿⡏⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠙⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠻⠭⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⣀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⣳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡟⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡶⠦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢛⣿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠄⠀⢈⣥⣿⣿⣶⠦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⠂⢨⡇⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⢉⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠉⠛ ⣟⣡⣿⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⢸⣥⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⠀⢈⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⡟⠁⢻⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠈⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⠏⣉⡀⠈⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠸⠀⠸⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⢿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠸⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣶⣾⡽⠃⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣶⣮⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣦⠀⠀⠇⠀⢀⣤⣿⠿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⡿⣽⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣶⣤⣄⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢸⡗⡟⢴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⡒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⣿⣿⡋⡈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⣱⢇⢰⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡽⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣶⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠫⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣤⣄⢠⣤⡄⣤⡄⢨⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣴⢿⣟⢫⣼⢀⣤⢿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢷⣌⢠⣤⡄⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢿⣼⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣍⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣬⡉⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠈⣿⣯⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣮⡉⢸⣿⣧⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⢸⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⢻⣇⣶⡖⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡏⢿⣏⣿⡟⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⠙⣷⣹⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠿⠭⠉⣬⣵⣌⣩⣽⡀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠸⡿⣿⣳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1635 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/outsourcing-gnu/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/outsourcing-gnu/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IBM_is_Outsourcing_Key_Parts_of_GNU_to_Microsoft_Linux_Foundation⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, IBM, Microsoft at 4:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Recent: ‘Splinter_Group’_SFC_(Already_Sued_by_Moglen/SFLC)_is_Not_Really Against_Microsoft_GitHub,_It_Helps_IBM/Red_Hat_Outsource_GNU_to_GitHub_Using the_Same_Excuses_Microsoft_Used_When_Lobbying_for_Kernel.org_to_Move_to Proprietary_GitHub Now: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_GNU_Toolchain_Infrastructure_Project⦈_ Summary: GNU Toolchain is being_given to Microsofters at the Linux_Foundation after just_over_3_years_of_coup_against_the_FSF 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇I_censor_IBM's_critics_and_work_with_the_Linux_Foundation against_the_FSF⦈_ Of note: SFC_censors_IBM_critics_(it_just_swims_where_the_money_is) The comments_in_LWN_today are revealing. People realise exactly what’s going on. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇LWN_comments⦈_ ⡿⢛⢛⢛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⡛⡟⠻⣟⢻⠛⣻⡛⣿⡟⡛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣻⣿⣿⡟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⡿⠸⡿⠀⠀⠇⠀⢸⣿⡀⠿⠅⡏⢦⡈⢸⡅⠿⢳⣿⣿⠇⢸⡇⠠⢸⠀⠆⡇⢸⠰⠦⠇⠆⢸⠠⠀⠆⠰⠀⠆⢿⣿⠀⠷⠰⠀⡆⢰⠀⢦⠂⠀⠇⠀⠂⠰⠆⢰⡆⠀⠸⠀⠦⡆⠰⡀⠇⢰⠀⣦⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⡀⣂⣨⠉⡍⢩⠉⡅⠘⠩⠙⠋⣍⡅⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣤⣽⣿⣤⣿⣮⣴⣃⣰⣮⣴⣦⣵⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⠩⠟⠛⠋⠛⠛⢻⡯⠍⡍⠍⠻⠛⠛⠛⠩⢹⠛⠛⣿⢽⢿⢻⠈⢽⡟⢻⠿⠙⠟⡿⠟⢟⢿⠛⢻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⢭⢻⠟⢻⠫⡟⠛⣻⡯⣩⣹⡏⡟⢹⣏⠝⢽⣦⢰⢰⣖⠔⠰⢀⢀⡒⢐⡂⠂⡂⢒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣛⣛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣟⢟⠛⢻⠛⠻⢛⣿⢻⡟⠛⡟⠟⡟⡟⠟⠻⢻⡟⢛⠿⣻⢻⡻⢛⠻⠻⢟⡟⢿⣿⠻⡿⠻⣻⡟⣟⡟⣛⠻⠟⢻⢛⡿⢟⢻⡿⢛⠻⢟⢿⠟⢻⡿⡛⣻⢻⠛⠻⢻⠿⡻⡿⣟⣛⠟⠟⣟⠟⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢾⡾⠾⠾⠖⠾⡶⠶⠷⡶⢶⢶⠶⠲⡢⡴⠾⠷⠶⢣⡿⠶⢶⠾⠶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣯⣤⣥⣬⣬⣥⣥⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣥⣥⣤⣬⣬⣬⣬⣬⣤⣥⣭⣤⣬⣤⣤⣥⣤⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠭⡭⡤⠭⣬⢬⣭⢭⢤⢥⢭⠭⠤⣤⡭⠬⣤⡬⠡⡭⡥⡤⡤⢭⣤⣿⠿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⡧⢦⢦⣤⣥⣿⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣹⣤⣷⣧⣔⡼⣯⢬⣥⣦⡦⣥⡼⣦⣟⣘⣀⢀⢛⣁⢋⣚⣊⣚⣃⢃⡀⣉⣋⣃⣀⢈⣉⣘⣙⣁⡈⣙⢈⣘⣁⣃⣐⣙⣁⣙⣁⣘⣃⣊⣃⣘⣃⣊⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣟⣤⣠⣨⣠⣀⣀⣕⣠⣨⣸⣇⣠⣠⣰⣠⣨⣀⣿⣀⣆⣖⣇⣿⣂⣅⣗⣀⣿⣸⣸⣗⣓⣃⣇⣅⣁⣺⣇⣇⣿⣀⣀⣓⣙⣀⣔⣖⣟⣿⣻⣇⣟⣠⣓⣁⣒⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡇⠀ ⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣼⣦⢼⣧⡤⣬⣿⣧⣤⣤⣬⣬⣮⣼⣤⣼⣧⡥⡿⣥⣿⣤⣴⠬⣼⣼⣤⣴⣽⣧⡧⣮⣤⣤⣤⣼⣼⣤⣼⣧⣤⣿⣧⣷⣤⣤⣬⡿⣼⣼⣾⣷⣥⡤⡼⣦⣤⣤⣼⣬⣬⢦⣤⣼⣧⣤⡧⣦⣦⢤⣬⣤⣤⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣼⣦⣼⣷⣥⣤⣾⣦⣤⣤⢤⢤⣼⣼⣧⡤⠼⣧⣧⣧⣿⣭⣤⣼⣼⣼⢼⣤⣦⣤⣧⣮⣷⣤⣽⣿⣼⣼⣶⣤⣥⡤⣦⣯⡿⣤⣤⣤⢿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣧⣧⣿⣴⣤⢤⣥⣼⢦⣤⣤⡤⣥⣧⣿⣤⣤⢴⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣸⣦⢤⣤⣼⣧⣮⣦⡷⣿⢬⣬⣤⣼⢿⢿⣷⣤⣾⡧⣷⢤⣤⡼⣿⣼⣼⣧⢥⣤⣧⡦⢤⢤⣬⣤⣸⢿⣤⡤⣄⡤⣧⣥⣭⠦⣰⠿⢼⣼⣧⣤⡄⣤⣤⣷⣧⣿⣬⣬⢼⣧⡤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣼⢦⢼⢧⣤⣥⣧⣧⣭⣤⣬⣤⣼⣿⣬⡤⣤⣤⣧⣧⣤⣮⣿⣤⣤⣬⢤⣤⡤⣽⣦⡦⠯⠯⣿⠤⣼⡼⣧⡤⣤⡤⣧⣯⣿⣤⣬⢼⣼⣼⣦⣤⣤⣿⣧⣷⣤⣣⣤⢴⣼⢼⣧⣤⣤⡦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣼⣼⣶⣦⡤⣦⣴⡧⣿⣷⣬⣬⢬⣿⣤⣼⣥⣤⡦⣷⣧⣤⣤⢿⣼⣦⣼⣷⣤⣤⡼⣧⣤⡤⣿⢿⣴⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣯⢤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⡷⣤⢿⣤⢼⣼⢤⣤⣠⣤⣤⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣴⢄⣤⢤⡤⣥⣦⣧⣤⣤⢬⣿⣼⢼⡧⡤⣤⣵⡧⣥⣭⣤⣿⣼⣾⣼⣷⣤⡦⣤⣧⣿⣤⣶⢿⣼⣾⣼⣧⢤⣤⣤⡏⣦⣦⣤⡤⣽⣿⣼⣼⣧⣥⣿⣦⣦⣦⣤⣿⣼⣮⣴⣼⣧⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣦⣿⣬⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣤⣤⣦⣼⣧⣵⣥⣧⣿⣦⣤⣤⣿⣼⣼⣽⣥⣤⣦⣵⣄⣿⣠⣴⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣷⣥⣤⣿⣤⣤⣴⣾⣧⣤⣤⣦⣦⣤⣠⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⢽⣽⡦⣥⡄⣼⡧⣷⣤⣿⣬⣤⣽⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⡦⣿⣷⣿⣭⢾⢼⣮⣤⣴⣤⣮⡧⣧⣤⣷⣤⢿⣬⣤⣾⡧⢡⣤⣥⡥⣤⣤⣤⣭⢬⣬⣥⣤⢤⣬⡭⣥⣬⣭⣤⣤⣤⣬⢭⣥⣤⡤⡬⡬⣤⣤⣭⣭⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣼⣤⣼⣥⣤⣤⣥⣵⣿⣤⢤⣤⣤⠽⡬⢵⡄⢾⣧⡵⣿⢤⣤⣼⣬⣴⢤⣤⢦⣤⣧⣥⣤⣿⣤⣼⣼⣾⣷⣤⠠⠼⠯⠧⠧⠤⠤⠿⠼⠬⠥⠤⠤⠦⠧⠧⠤⠿⠤⠤⠤⠷⠄⠤⠤⠤⠥⠵⠯⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⢬⣦⡦⣤⣤⢤⣥⣤⣿⣦⡤⣤⣷⣥⣤⢼⣧⣧⡧⣧⡧⣤⣤⣼⣾⣿⣤⣴⣦⣦⣧⣧⣷⣤⡤⣼⣽⣶⢼⣇⣤⣦⣅⣤⣧⣦⣿⣼⢭⣼⣼⡿⣿⡿⣧⣧⣤⣿⣤⣬⣼⢬⣤⣤⣤⣦⣥⡧⣤⢤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣹⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⢻⢩⢹⠍⣿⠋⣏⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣿⣇⣛⣅⣲⣠⣁⣑⣨⣘⣜⣸⣿⣇⣚⣘⣸⣰⣰⣐⣿⣐⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡄⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡭⠉⣭⢹⢠⡏⡏⡭⢏⢹⡿⠹⢹⢩⢹⢫⢱⣿⡍⡉⢩⢩⢩⢩⡍⡨⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢰⣦⣶⣿⣷⣾⣦⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠀⢑⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⢻⠻⢹⢛⠆⠟⣿⡟⣻⢸⢻⢿⢿⣿⢹⣿⢽⠿⢻⠟⠟⡟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠐⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣠⣇⣬⣨⣰⣡⣿⣇⣍⣼⣼⣴⣽⣿⣼⣽⣼⣼⣸⣌⣤⣫⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣸⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠃⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣬⠋⢆⠃⠇⡇⡅⠌⠆⠌⠄⠐⠰⠃⠻⢎⢃⠆⣿⠫⠆⠫⠂⠫⠂⡇⡇⡅⠯⡒⠃⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⢿⠟⠃⠀⢀⣤⣶⠶⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣹⢘⢻⢟⢻⣿⢹⣿⡹⢽⢹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣼⣼⣬⣿⣯⣼⣯⣭⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣰⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠟⠿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠻⡟⡛⢿⡟⢻⡟⢛⡻⡟⣿⡟⣛⡟⠿⣻⣿⢻⢛⡟⣿⢻⠛⣿⢻⠻⣿⢻⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢻ ⠀⠉⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⢌⡇⡄⠟⣐⡀⠇⠸⢇⡇⠿⡇⠶⣿⠀⣿⣿⢠⡙⣇⠿⢸⠀⡆⢸⢰⡌⢸⣿⣶⣶⣷⡆⢸ ⣧⠥⠦⢦⢦⡋⠀⠀⣿⣿⡰⡈⠉⠉⠨⠉⠩⠁⠍⢉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱ ⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣽⣥⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸ ⣿⡟⠛⠟⠛⠟⠟⠛⡛⡟⠻⠻⡟⡟⢻⠛⢟⢻⠻⠛⣿⢻⠛⠻⠻⠻⢿⡟⠟⡻⡻⠻⠛⠟⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣼⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢹⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠛⢯⠹⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠟⣭⣙⡏⠙⣯⣭⠉⣿⢩⣿⣩⠉⣍⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡍⣿⠿⢿⠉⠿⣿⠿⢿⠏⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣅⣘⣀⣃⣛⣘⣃⣃⣘⣸⣄⣃⣘⣘⣃⣃⣘⣚⣘⣃⣃⣸⢘⡃⣿⣿⣀⣛⣘⣀⣇⣁⣸⣿⣄⣛⣀⣇⣳⣌⣿⣀⣛⣸⣿⣿⣀⣻⣄⣃⣤⣘⣀⣃⣣⣘⣻⣀⣃⣋⣐⣘⣃⣛⣘⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⢟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠆⡆⢱⠰⡆⢰⡔⠀⢹⢀⢺⠀⢶⠰⣶⠸⠀⡇⢶⢴⠰⠇⠰⠸⡆⢴⡁⡂⣻⣿⠀⢥⣴⠠⣎⢰⠈⡆⡏⢐⢸⠀⡦⡆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣥⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣫⣡⣍⣁⣇⣨⣉⣁⣉⣉⣁⣉⣍⣗⣀⣘⣗⣀⣔⣒⣿⣩⣹⣝⣉⣁⣫⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣸⣀⣅⣿⣐⣁⣗⣇⣂⣀⣆⣹⣐⣲⣇⣓⣃⣸⣜⣘⣎⣟⣻⣿⣫⣪⣂⣨⣚⣚⣈⣐⣺⣇⣒⣃⣰⣀⣀⣐⣲⣛⣒⣰⣛⣰⣨⣟⣵⣲⡺⣀⣀⣲⣚⣧⣍⣒⣃⣐⣓⣿⣠⣆⣀⣸⣖⣀⣅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣩⣛⣈⢈⣽⣻⣸⣿⣁⡏⠹⠉⠇⠯⠃⠩⠏⠉⠉⠹⠙⠟⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠹⠏⠉⣟⣹⣹⣝⣈⣩⣿⣒⣇⣅⣘⣸⣆⣎⣉⣹⣏⣿⣒⣋⣋⣑⣟⣈⣍⣉⣹⣿⣈⣉⣟⣍⣹⣰⣏⣉⣑⣏⢩⡏⠹⠯⠽⠉⠽⠟⣿ ⣯⠅⢙⢹⠏⣽⠉⢾⢹⠉⠉⣯⢽⠏⠨⡺⠩⠅⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠿⠯⠋⠹⢻⡏⣛⢝⠟⠩⡯⠏⠋⠟⠙⠩⣿⢩⢩⡏⠋⠋⣍⡉⡫⡋⡋⣿⠉⠹⠹⠝⠙⡏⡯⡋⣽⠽⠽⠙⣏⠏⢯⢻⠽⣿⠿⡯⡫⠋⠫⠯⠏⠋⠩⣿⠋⢙⠽⠿⠙⢽⢙⡏⠏⢩⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⠛⠛⡻⢻⡏⢛⣟⣻⣛⣻⣿⠛⣻⡻⠉⣻⡛⠛⣿⡿⠛⠙⢻⣿⠛⢛⠟⠚⣻⡟⢛⠛⢛⡝⡿⠛⢛⣿⡟⠛⢛⣟⢻⠛⠉⠟⠛⠻⡟⢻⡻⠋⣿⢭⡯⠛⡭⢩⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣳⠛⠹⢻⡛⠿⠛⣻⠻⠻⡛⡟⠛⣻⡋⢻⡟⣖⢛⠛⢛⣟⢳⠛⣻⠟⣟⠟⠛⢻⡛⢟⠟⣟⠻⣻⡲⣿⠟⣟⢻⠻⠻⠻⢻⡛⢟⢗⢿⡿⢻⠻⠋⣿⠻⠻⢛⠛⣓⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠶⢴⠾⢾⠶⢶⣶⢲⠒⣾⠒⠿⠳⢾⠶⡾⠗⠷⢾⡶⠶⠧⠾⠶⠷⠶⠶⠶⡶⠾⡶⠶⢶⠗⡞⡾⠖⠺⠷⠶⢲⠶⡶⠶⢺⡶⠷⠷⡶⢷⢲⢲⠲⠿⣾⢺⠒⣲⢒⢚⡆⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡲⡶⡾⣶⠾⢷⠿⢻⠾⢶⢶⠖⠶⣶⡷⠤⠿⠖⣶⠻⠷⡶⠆⢶⢷⡞⡶⡶⠶⠷⢶⡗⠶⠿⠶⢷⢿⢶⠾⡶⡶⠶⠾⢶⡶⠶⣶⠾⢶⣷⡾⠞⢲⡶⠶⠿⠶⠾⡿⡾⢾⠷⠺⠶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣤⣤⡽⣤⣼⠤⢬⣴⡴⢤⣤⣣⣿⣥⡤⣤⡤⣿⣤⣢⣿⣥⣴⡴⣧⢭⣥⣤⢬⣼⣧⣥⣤⣧⣴⢴⣼⣬⣮⣯⡤⢤⣭⣤⠬⣭⣔⡼⠧⠼⢤⢼⢧⠤⣧⣴⡦⣮⢥⣼⡮⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢤⣬⣤⣥⢧⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣴⣵⣤⣧⣤⣤⣯⣤⣭⣥⣤⣯⣼⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣔⣥⣤⣴⣤⣤⣮⣤⣤⣧⣧⣤⣾⣬⣦⣤⣧⣥⣴⣼⣬⣿⣧⣬⣤⣤⣤⣴⣥⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣰⣱⣠⣠⣀⣪⣠⣰⣇⣢⣐⣒⣁⣐⣟⣀⣐⣗⣤⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣭⣭⣭⣿⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⣯⣭⣯⣯⣭⣽⣯⣽⣽⣽⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣟⠅⢟⢝⠍⡯⠯⢻⠉⠝⡏⢝⢝⠉⢹⡫⡫⡋⠉⠩⠙⠉⠩⠏⠉⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⠋⠟⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⠙⠛⠟⠛⡟⢫⠙⠟⢻⡟⠩⠋⠩⠉⢩⢹⡉⢉⠛⠟⠻⠹⠛⠉⠛⠛⠉⠛⢻⡏⠙⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢙⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⢿⡍⠙⠛⠛⠋⠙⠻⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃ ⣷⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣷⠶⣶⣶⣶⠶⡶⣦⡤⢷⢶⠶⡶⣾⣷⡶⣶⠶⡶⣶⢿⠷⠾⠶⣶⠶⡶⢶⣶⡶⢶⢶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⠶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢦⣶⣶⣦⠦⣶⣾⣶⣾⡶⢶⢶⢦⡤⡴⡶⠶⣦⢾⢿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡆ ⣿⣰⣀⣀⣔⣠⣀⣿⣂⣄⣖⣼⣁⣔⣜⣟⣸⣣⣁⣏⣿⣃⣅⣕⣁⣇⣿⣜⣼⣸⣜⣿⣰⣡⣤⣨⣂⣸⣗⣄⣼⣐⣀⣔⣀⣃⣀⣺⣸⣠⣃⣀⣀⣔⣰⣀⣢⣠⣰⣻⣤⣼⣸⣘⣜⣕⣼⣜⣼⣸⣘⣀⣚⣐⣸⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣷⣰⣀⣚⣸⣇⣈⣐⣂⣀⣚⣈⣀⣂⣾⣈⣨⣨⣀⣸⣀⣃⣂⣸⣀⣿⣐⣀⣰⢀⣑⣀⣀⣃⣀⣷⣀⣀⣀⣨⣀⣄⣁⣒⣏⣘⣀⣂⣁⣀⡆⣁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠏⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣒⣂⣀⣒⣁⣛⣐⣚⣃⣒⣓⣐⣓⣒⣒⣚⣒⣒⣂⣒⣒⣂⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡿⠉⡛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⣛⠙⠛⠛⢛⡏⠉⠙⠛⢻⡏⡍⠍⠉⡍⡍⣽⡉⠉⠛⠟⠫⠙⠛⢙⠛⠛⠉⠛⢻⡍⡙⠛⠉⢛⠛⠛⠛⢙⢛⢛⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⠉⠙⢛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃ ⣿⣿⡷⠷⣶⣶⢶⣶⡶⡶⠶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⣦⡼⢷⢶⠶⠶⣾⢷⡶⣶⡷⡷⣶⢿⠷⠾⠶⣷⠶⡶⢶⣶⢶⢶⢶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡾⣶⣿⣶⣷⠾⡶⡤⢶⢶⢶⠶⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡧⡶⣤⣤⡤⡦⣤⣧⣮⣤⣠⣽⣥⣤⣿⣯⣤⣧⣥⣥⣿⣼⣤⣷⣤⣤⣿⣼⣼⣴⣭⣿⣰⣤⣦⣤⣼⣼⣴⣄⣾⣄⣚⣠⣘⣃⣄⣓⣠⣧⣣⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣥⣤⣤⣎⣿⣤⣧⣯⣼⣼⣯⣧⣧⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣇⣇⣃⣒⣁⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠏⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠤⠤⠄⠤⠠⠿⠤⠼⠧⠤⠥⠴⠧⠤⠤⠬⠤⠤⠦⠤⠤⣀⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡿⠉⡟⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠟⣛⠙⠛⠟⢛⡏⠋⠙⠟⢻⡏⡍⠍⠋⡍⡍⣽⡉⠉⠛⠟⠫⠙⠛⢙⠛⠛⠉⠛⢻⡍⡙⠛⢉⢛⠛⠛⠛⢙⢛⢛⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⠉⠙⢛⠛⠋⠟⠛⠛⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃ ⣿⣿⡷⠷⣶⣶⢶⣶⡶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⣦⡼⢷⢶⠶⠶⣾⢷⡶⣶⡷⡷⣶⢿⠷⠶⠶⣶⠶⣶⢶⣶⢶⣶⢶⣶⣾⢶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⡶⣾⣶⣾⣶⡷⣾⣶⣤⣶⡶⡶⠶⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡆ ⣿⣿⣧⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣯⣮⣤⣰⣽⣥⣴⣿⣯⣤⣧⣥⣥⣿⣿⣤⣿⣤⣤⣿⣜⣼⣴⣭⣿⣰⣤⣦⣤⣼⣼⣴⣄⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣦⣤⣤⣤⣬⣀⣧⣣⣤⣤⣪⣬⣦⣴⣧⣤⣤⣞⣿⣤⣯⣮⣼⣢⣤⣴⣅⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣇⡇⠃⠓⠃⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣷⣡⣌⣑⣛⣻⣸⣇⣉⣫⢉⣉⡯⣫⣋⣉⣏⣏⣹⣏⣉⣁⣻⣩⣉⣉⣏⣁⣉⡙⢹⣉⣿⣘⣘⣏⣉⣉⣿⣙⣉⣩⣉⣉⣃⣇⣰⡏⣍⣉⣹⣏⣉⣽⣙⣉⣏⣙⣁⣉⣘⣉⣙⣹⣀⣞⣁⢻⣉⣛⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣏⠅⢉⢹⢙⢹⡏⠉⡍⣹⡭⠈⡉⣿⢙⠙⠉⢙⢹⡏⢉⠭⢩⢉⡏⣮⠉⢉⣽⠉⢉⠹⠨⠉⡷⡩⢉⢩⠉⡉⢸⡏⡉⡍⢹⡝⢫⢍⢩⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡏⢿⢩⠙⠹⠝⠉⢩⡏⠍⠉⠩⠇⢽⡩⠈⠋⠋⡋⣻⠙⢩⠉⡏⢝⠙⠉⠩⠻⠉⣏⡉⠽⠅⠹⡏⠩⠍⠉⢹⡋⠏⠉⠸⡏⠉⡋⡋⠋⠉⢹⡩⠉⣟⢙⠉⠉⠉⠩⠉⣯⠁⠙⢙⡏⡍⠁⠙⠹⠉⠁⠽⢉⢹⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⡟⡻⠛⠛⠋⠟⠛⢹⠝⠛⣻⠛⣿⠝⠋⢿⠛⢩⡟⠛⡛⠋⢻⠗⠋⡏⣟⠊⢙⠛⠛⠹⢛⠟⠛⠹⠛⢛⠛⡏⡝⠛⣻⠩⠛⠛⡟⠍⢉⢭⠩⣽⠛⣛⠛⣿⠛⠛⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣀⣀⡄⣀⢀⣶⣀⣸⣖⣀⣂⣠⣇⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⠂⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⠻⠿⠿⢿⡟⠟⠻⠿⢿⠟⡛⡛⠟⡛⡛⣻⠛⡛⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠻⠿⢿⠻⠿⢿⡛⠻⠿⠛⠿⠿⡿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠛⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣥⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣈⣸⣧⣥⣤⣤⣼⣦⣥⣥⣦⣧⣥⣿⣥⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣼⣥⣥⣬⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣥⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣦⣴⣤⣂⣤⣤⣥⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣎⢍⢉⢈⢙⢅⣇⢜⢉⠉⣿⢊⡀⢿⡗⣀⢺⢊⠂⣿⢸⡁⣿⢄⡀⣿⡰⣶⣎⢖⣏⢆⣈⡎⣉⡰⣹⠨⠝⣽⠈⢈⢈⢉⠈⠍⡅⡉⣻⢈⢉⢽⣈⢉⡩⣩⢀⢝⢉⢩⣿⣁⣸⢨⢊⡀⡱⡑⢈⢸⢹⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡏⠏⠩⠏⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡏⡝⢻⠛⠝⠛⠛⢻⢹⠍⡉⢹⢉⡟⡝⠛⢻⠛⠟⢻⠛⢻⢹⡻⠛⣿⡍⠍⢍⢹⠹⣹⠋⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠝⠋⠛⣭⡏⡛⠛⢛⠟⠏⠻⠛⠋⠛⣝⢻⠹⠙⠛⣿⠛⠋⠟⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠛⠛⠻⠻⠙⠛⢹⡟⢙⠟⠛⠛⡟⠖⠎⠛⠛⠛⡟⢓⢺⢛⠙⠛⣿⠋⢛⠛⠛⡟⡻⢹⢛⠙⠛⣿⠻⠛⢛⠸⢩⠋⠓⠈⢽⡟⠋⠛⢛⠟⠛⣺⠛⡛⠻⢛⡛⠟⢙⠟⠛⡋⠛⢟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠗⡞⠿⢾⠖⣶⠲⠾⠓⡶⠶⢷⣶⣷⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠉⡉⠁⠉⣭⠉⢹⡍⠈⠍⠉⡏⠉⠉⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠅⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣤⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣴⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠟⡿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠟⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠻⢻⡿⢿⣿⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣟⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⠐⢀⢁⠀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⡀⠀⢸⣄⡂⢀⡀⣸⣀⢁⣀⣀⣀⣃⣵⣂⣄⢂⡐⣀⣀⣂⡀⡁⣀⣀⣀⣺⡀⠀⠀⣐⠀⢀⡁⣀⢀⣠⣀⣀⣒⣐⣀⣀⣀⢀⢟⣀⣄⣀⢀⠀⠀⣀⢂⢐⡿⢿⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡙⡻⠛⡛⠛⣹⡏⠽⠛⠛⣯⢽⠉⣿⡯⠋⢩⢽⠍⣿⢹⡉⡻⡹⡍⣯⡍⡍⡝⡍⡟⡍⡉⠝⠟⢩⣿⠙⠛⡿⠛⢙⠛⢹⡏⠛⠛⡍⠛⠛⠛⡋⢙⠟⠛⣻⡟⠙⡏⢫⠋⢩⢹⢍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢻⡞⠾⡾⡞⣶⣷⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⠻⠿⠿⠟⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢟⠻⣛⢛⣻⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠛⡟⢿⢻⠻⠿⣿⠛⠛⡛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣥⣿⣶⣶⣷⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣦⣼⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠉⠉⠁⡉⣭⠉⢹⡍⠈⠝⠉⡏⠉⠉⠩⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠅⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣤⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣴⡇ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1815 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/spam-instead-of-news/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/spam-instead-of-news/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Linux_Today_Back_to_Posting_Spam_Instead_of_News⠀✐ Posted in Marketing at 12:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Last month: LinuxToday_(or_Linux_Today)_Shows_Signs_of_Agony | Weird_Editorial Choices_in_‘Linux_Today’_These_Past_Few_Hours_(Updatedx14) Published moments ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇LT_spam⦈_ Summary: An early news aggregator for Linux (since the 1990s) is looking for a quick buck; There’s probably more of this to come (some advertising contract with ZDNet‘s parent company) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠠⡀⠈⠖⠀⠀⠐⠄⠨⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠂⠘⠄⠄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠁⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠅⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⠀⠡⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠆⠀⡣⠈⠴⠈⠑⠄⢁⠀⠀⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠂⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠁⡀⠀⠁⠀⢀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠁⢐⠀⠀ ⠀⡀⠐⠀⠌⢄⠀⠀⠉⠀⠑⠇⠐⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠱⠂⡩⠐⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠂⠠⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠫⠀⢂⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡑⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠠⠀⠁⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠘⠐⠀⠠⠀⠀⠄⠊⢁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠁⠀⠰⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠌⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠄⠄ ⡄⠰⡂⠭⢀⡄⠀⠠⠄⠀⠄⠓⠈⠭⢺⠢⠢⡀⠁⠈⢁⢐⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⡄⠁⠅⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠂⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠀⡀ ⠈⡝⡔⣭⡗⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢂⠈⢱⡤⣁⡡⠒⣂⠁⠈⠃⡀⡀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠤⠀⠀⠐⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⠀⢀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠄⡂⠒⣈ ⣻⣾⡗⡒⢊⡐⡨⠃⠀⠀⠠⡊⠒⠄⠰⠐⠈⡀⠄⡀⣊⡠⠑⡀⠀⠐⠀⠒⢁⡀⠊⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⠀⢼⣿ ⢷⢿⠘⠀⠁⠁⠐⠀⡀⢠⠁⠈⠀⠆⠀⠀⠂⠈⠈⢀⠒⠂⠁⠀⠀⠐⠐⠀⢐⣀⠀⢀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠀⠊⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⡩ ⣿⣿⣾⢶⡶⣴⢶⡼⢦⠽⡑⡴⡠⣠⢄⣀⡠⢖⡰⠜⠌⢃⡰⠆⠠⢂⠤⢤⡤⠠⢐⠁⢀⠀⣐⣀⡀⠀⢁⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠈⠀⠀⠐⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣮⢻⣛⣼⣷⣧⢵⣒⢌⠚⠂⠐⢈⡨⠱⡽⡈⠀⠡⠀⡀⠁⠈⠀⠱⠃⠀⢋⠲⠶⡎⠐⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠰⠴⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠐⠀⢈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠊⠀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄ ⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⣼⣯⣅⡟⠽⡺⣷⠀⢢⡋⠐⢻⢋⢷⣂⠐⣀⠀⠄⡄⠀⠄⠐⡒⠔⠋⠀⠒⠀⠀⡢⡀⡀⢐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢗⣳⣾⡆⢩⡤⠖⠋⣄⠞⡮⡴⢢⠬⡳⢀⡇⠁⠼⠐⠀⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠁⠄⠀⢀⡄⠀⡠⠠⠁⠒⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣻⣿⡆⣰⢨⢹⠉⢹⣧⠆⡆⡆⡦⢨⡔⣸⠌⢰⡜⢁⠀⠉⠁⠀⢈⠁⠈⠀⠁⠈⠁⠠⠀⠐⠐⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀ ⡿⢿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣦⣾⡗⠒⠷⠴⢶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣆⣦⡤⣶⡖⡰⢂⡠⢔⣤⢤⠒⣠⠀⠊⣑⣖⠄⢀⠐⠀⠀⠄⡐⡰⢐⢄⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠈⠀⢀⢠⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠃⠹⠿⣿⣯⠷⡆⡤⣠⢲⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠻⠿⡿⢟⣿⣿⡮⠐⠘⡍⢅⠬⡫⡬⢈⣌⠡⡰⣑⡔⠀⢖⠄⠌⡂⠐⠀⠀⢀⠄⡀⠁⠀⠂⠂⢁⠤⢀⢀⠀⠌⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀ ⣶⣔⠁⠇⡅⠀⡀⢠⠀⠸⠈⠰⢸⠰⢸⠀⢸⢰⣻⠨⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄⠠⠄⠂⠁⠀⢬⠻⠣⡗⣦⣫⣢⢋⠂⣀⡄⠠⡐⣔⠐⠐⠀⡄⠈⠁⠐⣀⠂⠀⣄⠀⠈⡀⠅⣈⠠⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⡷⡾⣷⢿⣴⣿⣦⣿⣻⣯⣿⣛⣧⣭⣤⣫⠒⢦⠷⡻⣘⢩⣿⢆⣿⡁⡔⢁⠙⣬⡲⣲⠧⡅⣵⠃⢀⠄⢦⣀⠚⡉⢀⠰⠁⠀⠂⠀⠑⠤⠊⠁⢅⡴⠢⠀⠁⠀⠐⠀⡀⠀⠀⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⡿⣿⣧⣏⣯⢿⣿⢿⢼⣼⣿⣿⣿⠻⢿⣚⣿⢽⣾⢎⣻⣋⢛⢭⣟⢣⡽⠃⣺⢉⠬⠋⠧⠻⢯⠑⣔⠤⠒⠀⠁⠐⠨⠄⠀⡒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠂⡤⠀⠂⠄⠄⠠⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡟⠻⠻⡿⣿⡧⣾⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣲⣶⢿⡏⠡⣫⣌⢌⣯⣇⡯⣿⣿⡯⣷⣞⣄⣴⣇⣃⠝⠳⢝⠸⠢⡎⢣⢕⢿⡃⣒⠄⠤⠑⠄⠀⠁⠀⠄⠀⡠⠍⠄⠐⢙⢅⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠂⠆ ⡈⢄⠀⠨⠉⠋⠄⠐⢾⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⠹⠋⠛⠷⡮⢿⣿⣗⣻⢯⣤⢳⢇⣫⣷⡏⣸⣴⣭⠫⠣⡤⠀⠄⣎⡍⣹⢠⡝⠅⣸⠉⠂⠁⡉⠔⠸⠲⠅⢐⠊⠝⠄⠀⠈⠌⠀⡁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠉⠻⣦⢡⠒⠀⠀⠈⠙⠘⠋⠋⠋⠉⠓⡍⠈⡑⠓⠋⠒⠒⠛⠊⠞⠌⠚⠘⠘⢙⠛⠉⠊⠓⠛⠛⢛⢋⢫⢝⠂⠚⢐⠁⣐⠨⣋⡀⠁⠐⠀⠐⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⠠⠀⠑⠀⣘⡌⠀⠁⠀⠀⠁⠢⠈⠄⢁⠀⠠⠠⠈ ⠟⢙⠒⠰⠻⠾⢶⣶⣦⡤⢠⠄⣢⣶⢶⡢⣖⣴⣶⠶⡆⡴⣒⣔⣆⣴⣬⢷⡾⣆⢘⣶⡶⡶⡂⢲⢦⣤⡴⠶⣤⠴⢦⣴⣤⢰⡘⣺⣐⣧⠤⡇⠤⡴⠀⠤⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠁⡁⠈⡀⠅⠂⠀⢂⠠⡐⠑⡀⡁⢀ ⠴⠀⢄⣀⣀⡀⠠⢤⣢⣤⣤⡝⠉⡛⠟⠟⠻⢿⣯⡯⣥⢛⣿⢋⢋⠑⠟⠟⠏⠻⣿⡳⡿⣽⡻⣯⡋⣿⣿⢹⣿⠳⠁⢛⠧⣱⠪⣷⣞⡘⣞⢘⢋⠀⠄⣁⠀⡤⠢⠀⠄⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠁⠠⠀⠂⠈⠠⠒⡄⠄⡀⠀⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣯⣾⣭⣀⠠⠈⠩⠌⣤⠀⣐⠀⠡⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢐⣊⢑⢜⣽⣪⣰⣣⣹⡦⢣⣐⡃⢁⠤⡢⡭⢇⡆⠞⠄⢁⡀⠊⢁⡴⡂⠀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀ ⠟⣿⡍⠉⠛⠛⡟⡛⡛⠛⠻⠛⣩⠋⠉⠛⣿⠉⠛⠋⠙⡚⠑⠟⠘⡚⡛⢲⠨⠁⡐⠀⠘⡘⢁⠀⠀⠁⠁⠉⠉⠐⠒⠫⠨⠁⠓⠁⠃⠑⠁⠀⠂⠀⠘⠈⠐⠀⠀⠐⢈⠑⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⢀⠀⠀ ⠺⢾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣥⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣦⣦⢜⣐⢤⡄⠄⢐⣺⣀⢁⠘⢢⢦⡮⡀⣂⡂⠄⠀⠰⢶⠶⡀⡐⡄⢀⠀⢂⠤⠤⢗⠤⠀⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀ ⡁⣈⠁⠀⠉⠋⠈⠉⠙⠉⡟⠙⠉⢹⠉⡉⠋⠙⠙⡏⠉⢹⢋⢋⠋⠙⠙⠙⢉⠉⢿⡏⠋⠑⠉⢈⠉⣤⠈⢑⠈⠈⠋⠓⠈⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠌⡪⠬⡦⠅⠂⠒⠐⠃⣀⡀⠂⢐⠥⢄⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣒⣲⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣴⣾⣶⣿⣶⠶⣖⣞⣶⣢⣢⢁⢐⡕⠂⠬⢀⠀⠀⠠⢀⢑⠘⠀⢀⠠⠀⠈⢀⠁⠰⠐⠉⡄⢥⣌⠹⠭⡵⠂⠁⠀⠄⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣽⣦⢤⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠎⢖⠥⠘⣀⡄⠓⡃⣄⠢⠆⢄⠅⠀⠈⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣾⣯⢿⢯⣚⣟⣟⣕⡟⣿⡰⣽⣻⡕⣴⣦⣠⣀⣀⠀⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠐⠀⠄⠀⢈⠀⢀⠀⣁⠠⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⣿⣽⣾⣿⣟⣾⡎⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣻⡣⡣⡰⣀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠁⠇⠂⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⢷⢲⢧⢾⣚⡿⣿⣇⣷⡿⠡⡀⡀⡀⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀ ⡀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣧⣿⣿⣯⡹⠾⡿⣯⣫⣭⣶⢑⣅⠮⡯⡛⣌⢠⣤⠄⣤⣖ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣻⣏⣿⣿⢛⣳⠿⢏⣻⣷⣯⡱⣿⣣⡯⣻⣿⣿⣲⡿⣗⣷⣻⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡞⣖⣿⣷⣾⣇⣯⣊⡽⣾⣻⣺⣮⣸⣜⣽⣿⣿⢮⣵⣯ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣾⢾⣿⣫⣻⢽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣺⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1889 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/the-linux-experiment-confused/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/the-linux-experiment-confused/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ ‘The_Linux_Experiment’_Thinks_RMS_is_the_Enemy_and_Microsoft_is_Not⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Microsoft at 1:10 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Published yesterday: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇'The_Linux_Experiment':_So_who_is_the_enemy?⦈_ Lots of ads (several before you can even start the video): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇'The_Linux_Experiment'_YouTube⦈_ OK, so who’s our enemy, Nick? Tell us… 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Defamation_about_RMS,_trying_to_crush_FSF;_Nick_listed himself_as_an_organisation⦈_ One-man personal YouTube account listed as an organisation, eh? Summary: Microsoft apologists ignore the profound evidence of Microsoft’s attacks on GNU/Linux ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠙⠂⠀⠈⠉⠉⢩⡖⠒⠒⡖⢶⣒⣒⠲⠖⠒⠒⡲⠒⠒⠒⣲⠒⢒⠶⡖⠶⠲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣢⣔⣶⢒⠀⠀⡞⢛⠛⢣⡖⢒⠲⠒⢲⠒⢲⠒⣖⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⢍⣿⢉⠝⠛⢛⢛⠋⠉⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢁⣠⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⣤⣿⣤⣥⣵⣤⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢹⠹⣿⡍⡍⠉⡉⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠿⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠾⠷⠾⡷⠶⡶⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣿⣧⣿⣤⣼⣴⣾⣤⣤⣮⣴⣭⣧⣼⣴⣦⣬⣢⣴⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⡷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢙⠉⣿⡍⣯⠋⢹⢙⠉⠉⡭⠉⠉⠙⢙⠍⠉⡏⠉⠍⡏⣙⠝⠏⢩⠫⡏⠋⠉⠉⣽⢯⡏⡍⠙⢹⣟⣻⠹⡉⠙⠙⡝⠉⠉⠉⠩⢙⠭⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣴⣿⣆⡧⡬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⣿⠛⠻⠿⢿⢻⠻⠿⡿⠿⡟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣬⣤⣦⣷⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⣬⣤⣦⣥⣬⣧⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢜⢈⣿⡆⠩⣫⡇⣪⡍⠁⠉⠩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⡄⢀⣾⣿⢻⡻⣿⢻⠻⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢻⠛⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⡟⣻⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡟⡻⠿⡿⠿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣵⣴⣿⣧⣧⣶⣼⣴⣤⣦⣶⣼⣶⣾⣬⣤⣵⣧⣾⣴⣼⣮⣿⣮⣦⣴⣴⣷⣯⣴⣵⣤⣴⣵⣼⣷⣶⣴⣵⣧⣤⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⠋⣿⢛⠙⣿⢹⡟⠋⡛⢻⢛⣿⣧⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢌⢎⣿⣉⣁⠉⣙⣋⠝⡉⢹⣉⣩⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⣾⣾⡷⡶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⢻⣿⡻⣻⠿⠿⠿⡟⠻⠿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⣾⡉⣎⣾⢜⡡⡅⣴⣟⠎⠕⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠻⢿⠿⠿⢻⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣧⣼⣷⣿⣬⣤⣇⣁⣤⣧⣿⣤⣬⣤⣯⣼⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠈⠊⠦⠁⠸⠑⠱⠀⠀⠰⠑⠈⠈⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⣡⣈⡇⣀⣣⣊⣈⣸⣎⣈⣀⣷⣲⣁⣁⣸⣑⣌⣡⣾⣇⣓⣉⣈⣸⣾⣁⣉⣶⣃⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⡄⢀⢄⠀⠠⠠⡀⢠⠄⢠⠄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2104 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/09/28/transcontinental-sabotage/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/09/28/transcontinental-sabotage/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_Internet_is_Under_Growing_Threat_of_Being_Cut_Off_(at_Least_Partially)⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software at 11:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum c79e812751929dd567f0d89d7ad2d2cd False Assumption Internet is Persistent Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/if-the-internet-is-cut.webm Summary: War and conflict being_escalated means that cables which connect continents are at threat of being severed without anyone being detected as accountable for it (this is incredibly difficult when dealing with cables that long), knowing how disruptive such an action would be as we’ve come to assume that the Internet is just “always there” THE >“splinter-net” or “killswitch” for the Internet (the US has the “master key” and Microsoft puts killswitches in many products, e.g. [1, 2, 3]) is not the subject of today’s video. Sure, the root DNS system is vital, any government can take down the Net (many already do, at least temporarily), and Russia has been blocking many sites lately. But what about technical sabotage/vandalism? How about an attack on infrastructure such as underwater cables. In Ukraine, Russia has already targeted communication facilities, but it’s almost unheard of for a nation state to cut an underwater cable to disconnect another country. The NSA cut off the Internet of Syria, but this was done by remote technical means and, according to Edward Snowden, by accident. A very big news story today is yesterday’s “cutting of NS1 & 2″ (energy pipeline from Russia to EU). To borrow an associate’s framing of it… We are assuming it is possible that some time in the future access to a lot of the Net, Techrights and Tux Machines included, will be cut. “In case of major, worldwide disruptions to the Internet, IPFS is… becoming interesting.”As things escalate it becomes less far fetched or unthinkable. We’ve been trying to “revisit bandwidth and Web page bloat” (this_site_too_will change_later_this_year), as “there are no small pages any more, nor much of any server-side activity, despite some countries still requiring small pages as part of defence readiness,” to quote the associate. My own thoughts are in the video above. In case of major, worldwide disruptions to the Internet, IPFS is… becoming interesting. It’s a lot like P2P, which was in some sense the raison d’être of the Internet (during Cold War it needed to be made robust to strategic, “tactical” nuclear strikes). █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2181 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/09/2022:_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_8.7_and_9.1_Beta;_SpiralLinux 11.220925⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Audiocasts/Shows o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Red_Hat_/_IBM o Debian_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o FSFE o GNU_Projects o Programming/Development # C # Rust * Leftovers o Hardware o Pseudo-Open_Source # Openwashing o Linux_Foundation o Security o Defence/Aggression o Monopolies # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Politics o Technical # Science # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ We_interviewed_Linux_OS_through_an_AI_bot_to_discover_its secrets⠀⇛  Millions of people use Linux every day, but we rarely stop to think about how the operating system feels about it. Wouldn’t it be nice to know what Linux really thinks about open source, Windows, Macs, and the command line? Until now, this has impossible. But thanks to a new AI chat tool, we’re able to find out. Below is a transcript of a conversation between Ars Technica and Linux, the operating system, as embodied by one of Character.AI’s large language model chatbots. It should go without saying, but this interview does not represent the opinions of any real individual or organization. It’s an experiment with an AI chatbot. The interview has been edited for brevity, but the answers have been preserved as delivered by the bot. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ System76’s_Oryx_Pro_Linux_Laptop_Gets_a_4K_OLED Display_and_DDR5_RAM⠀⇛ System76’s Oryx Pro laptop was just updated this summer with a 12th Gen Intel Core “Alder Lake” i7- 12700H processor, as well as NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti and 3080 Ti dedicated graphics, but the US- based Linux hardware vendor decided to give it another cool update. The new Oryx Pro model comes with a 4K OLED display, and that’s a big thing! Customers can choose between the new 15.6-inch OLED UHD glossy finish display model with a 3840×2160 pixels resolution or the previous 15.6-inch or 17.3-inch Full HD (1920×1080) matte finish displays. # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ System76′s_Updated_Oryx_Pro_Is_a_Beast_of_a Linux_Laptop⠀⇛ System76 has been selling laptops and desktop computers with Linux in mind for years. The Oryx Pro is the company’s most powerful laptop, and now it has been updated with even better hardware. The Oryx Pro has the specifications of a high-end gaming laptop, and even though you can play games on it, the laptop is primarily intended for productivity work that requires a lot of graphics power. It has a 12th-generation Intel Core i7- 12700H processor that runs at up to 4.7 GHz, an NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3070 Ti or 3080 Ti graphics card, up to 64 GB RAM, Wi-Fi 6, USB Type-A and Type-C ports, Thunderbolt 4 support, Gigabit Ethernet, and a backlit keyboard. # ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ Star_Labs_unveils_AMD/Intel-powered StarFighter_Linux_laptop⠀⇛ Available with both Intel and AMD processors, the StarFighter Linux laptop from Star Labs will be up for pre-orders in less than three weeks. Sadly, with prices from US$900 to US$3,000, interesting hardware specs overall, and quite a few configurations, this laptop comes with non- upgradeable memory. # ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ MNT_Pocket_Reform_is_a_complete_Linux laptop_in_7_inches⠀⇛  A fully open hardware and software laptop is already intriguing but what if it could be folded to fit in your pocket? The MNT Pocket Reform does exactly that in a 7-inch clamshell that comes with Debian GNU and supports other Linux distributions. You can wow your friends with this mini computer’s mechanical keyboard, 1080p display, and modular design that invites you to adapt and expand it to meet your own needs. To be fair, you’ll need a somewhat roomy pocket to be able to fit the MNT Pocket Reform inside. The original plan was for a 5-inch screen but the MNT team told IEEE Spectrum this size made the keyboard too cramped for comfort so it was scaled up a bit to make typing easier. # ⚓ FOSSLife ☛ MNT_Research_Creates_Pocket-Sized_Open_Source Computer⠀⇛ MNT Research, makers of the Reform open source laptop, has released details of its newest project: the MNT Pocket Reform. The retro-style mini computer features a seven-inch screen with a clamshell design. According to the website, the Pocket Reform is fully featured, modular, upgradable, recyclable, and reusable, with fully open source hardware and software. “With Pocket Reform, we’re building a small, portable computer that is transparent about what it’s running and that gives control back to the user, control over operating systems, updates, and software,” the website states. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ Choosing_Arch_is_HARD._–_Invidious⠀⇛ If you’ve ever wanted to dive into Arch Linux – there are a bamboozling amount of options to choose from. # ⚓ Jupiter Broadcasting ☛ Going_All_In_on_[GNU/]Linux_|_Coder Radio_485⠀⇛ Mike has spent just over a month living in Linux full-time, and Chris wants to check in and see how he’s doing. Plus we both have the new Thelio from System76 in-house, and our takeaways might surprise you. # ⚓ Video ☛ Manjaro_21.3.7_Gnome_Edition_Quick_overview_#linux #manjaro_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A Quick Overview of Manjaro 21.3.7 Gnome Edition # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_Archcraft_2022.09.16_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Archcraft 2022.09.16. # ⚓ Video ☛ OpenStack_–_The_BEST_Way_to_Build_Your_Own_Private Cloud_–_Invidious⠀⇛ OpenStack is awesome! Using this amazing open- source project, you can build your very own private cloud. But what are some other considerations for using it? How do you get started? In this foundational video, LearnLinuxTV and OpenMetal team up to give you some valuable information on OpenStack. # ⚓ Video ☛ Find_Your_Most_Used_Terminal_Commands_(Bash,_Fish, Zsh)_–_Invidious⠀⇛ If you are the kind of Linux user that spends a lot of time in a terminal, you have probably asked yourself, “What are the commands that I run the most?” Well, using the “history” command and a few of the GNU core utilities, we can get a list of our most used commands and how many times we’ve run them. # ⚓ mintCast Pocast ☛ 395_–_Buttery_Smooth_Experience_– mintCast⠀⇛ First up in the news, AWK gets Unicode, GIMP out, Firefox improves its memory, Nitrux released, Unity is a Flavour, Microsoft drops Linux, Makulu adds to the confusion, and Debian wrestles with firmware; In security and privacy, 8 Year Old Linux Kernel Vulnerability Uncovered, and Plex gets exposed; Then in our Wanderings, Moss reconfigures again, and Norbert contradicts himself. In our Innards section, Mint and Gnome have lots to show us; And finally, the feedback and a suggestion or two. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.19.12⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.19.12 kernel. All users of the 5.19 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 5.19.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/ git/stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.19.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.15.71⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.10.146⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.4.215⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.19.260⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.14.295⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_4.9.330⠀⇛ o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 11_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Tools_for Novelists⠀⇛  Writing is one of the essential skills in modern society. Being able to communicate effectively is paramount both at work and at home. It makes your thinking visible to others, and is the main way in which work, learning, and intellect is judged by others. At first glance, the trusty word processor might seem a good tool for a novelist. After all, in days gone by, budding authors would tap away using a typewriter, and a word processor is the modern day equivalent. Linux has some excellent word processing software such as LibreOffice. However, word processors are actually not the ideal tool for some forms of writing, particularly novel-writing. In fact, it could be said that using a word processor for novel-writing is a recipe for disaster, and actually a retrograde step from a typewriter. Word processors are a general application software that are perfect for constructing business documents, letters, batch mailings using templates, etc. However, many word processors are too obtrusive and distracting for writers. What is needed is software that helps concentrate on the content of the novel, sketch out the chapters and scenes, work out the best structure, import research, add locations, characters and objects, and so on. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ How_to_Automatically_Update_Podman Containers⠀⇛ It is a good practice to update software, especially when you get new features and/or added security in the new updates. In this article, I will show you how to enable automatic updates for the containers managed by Podman. For demonstration purposes, I will use the caddy image from Docker Hub. # ⚓ XDA ☛ How_to_install_ADB_on_Windows,_macOS,_and_Linux⠀⇛ Several features of the Android platform can be accessed only through paths and methods that are hidden away from the average user. These have generally been done with the help of some command line Android Debug Bridge (ADB) commands, a tool that Google offers for developers to debug various parts of their applications or the system, but which we can use for all kinds of neat and hidden tricks. A prerequisite to these tricks is installing ADB on your computer. So, in this guide, we will show you how to install ADB on Windows, macOS, and Linux in quick and easy-to-follow steps. # ⚓ FOSSLife ☛ How_to_Use_Blocky_to_Quickly_Filter_DNS Queries⠀⇛ Learn how to set up the Blocky DNS server to filter and secure DNS queries on your network. The Domain Name System (DNS) puts you in a position to contain the spread of malware and prevent suspicious activities within your corporate network and, with appropriate filters on your DNS server, prevent user tracking and advertising on websites. Moreover, researchers at the University of Bonn have shown that almost 20 percent of HTTP requests load advertising content and that blocking these ads reduces the power consumption of terminal devices. Blocky, a DNS proxy and ad blocker for local networks, has been under active development by German developer Dimitri Herzog since January 2020 and is available on GitHub. The tool lets you effectively filter domains on the basis of blacklists and whitelists or regular expressions. The filters can differ to match the groups on your local network (e.g., different filter rules can be implemented in different departments). # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Understanding_the_Bash_shuf_Command⠀⇛ “The shuf command is helpful for randomly shuffling input lines to standard output. The shuf command takes input from files or the standard input, randomizes the input, and gives output. It works like how you shuffle cards and pull a random output or randomly arrange the cards depending on the options that you give it. The shuf works in three ways. You can use it as range, list, or file shuf. Let’s see the various ways you can use the shuf command.” shuf is part of the GNU Coreutils, and you can open its help page to see the various options you can use. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Read_SysCall_in_Linux⠀⇛ “As the title says that the read system call must be reading something from a particular location. Linux provides us the read system call to read data from any file and display it on the console, and the kernel of the Linux system should be involved in this whole process, i.e., to open the file, read from it, write data to another file, etc. This guide will be a bonus to every Linux and C user who wants to learn to use the read system call while coding. Before having a glance at the C code snippet, we are going to create a text file and a C file. The text file will contain random text data that will be used by the read() function. Both the files are created by the same “touch” query one after another, and the “ls” query shows them in a home folder.” # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Bash_Pattern_Matching⠀⇛ Bash pattern matching is an indispensable concept that comes in handy when selecting different filenames from a directory and checking if a string matches a given format. Whether you are starting out with bash pattern matching or looking to brush up on your skills, this guide covers the various ways and tips for pattern matching. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_to_Change_Ban_Time_Fail2ban,_Even_Ban Forever_if_Desired⠀⇛ “Fail2ban is an open-source log parsing application that prevents your system from brute force attacks. It parses log files and blocks IP addresses that have too many authentication failures. This usually happens when a user attempts to log in using the trial-and-error method. Fail2ban then takes action like updating the firewall rules to ban that IP address for a specific time period which is by default 10 minutes or 600 seconds. The banned IP address is automatically unbanned after 10 minutes to avoid locking out any legitimate users who might have mistakenly mistyped their passwords repeatedly.” In this article, you will learn how to change ban time in fail2ban as well as how to ban an IP address forever if desired. # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ How_to_Set_Up_Bluetooth_on_Linux⠀⇛ Sometimes your Linux distribution doesn’t detect your laptop’s Bluetooth hardware. Or perhaps you want to add a USB Bluetooth dongle to a desktop computer. Either way, here’s how to get Bluetooth working. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ Manage_Chroot_Environments_in_Linux_with Atoms_|_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Jack Wallen shows you a GUI that takes the complication out of creating and using chroot environments on Linux. # ⚓ Linux Journal ☛ SQLite_for_Secrecy_Management_–_Tools_and Methods_|_Linux_Journal⠀⇛ Secrets pervade enterprise systems. Access to critical corporate resources will always require credentials of some type, and this sensitive data is often inadequately protected. It is rife both for erroneous exposure and malicious exploitation. Best practices are few, and often fail. SQLite is a natural storage platform, approved by the Library of the U.S. Congress as a long-term archival medium. “SQLite is likely used more than all other database engines combined.” The software undergoes extensive testing as it has acquired DO- 178B certification for reliability due to the needs of the avionics industry, and is currently used on the Airbus A350′s flight systems. The need for SQLite emerged from a damage control application tasked for the U.S. battleship DDG-79 Oscar Austin. An Informix database was running under HP-UX on this vessel, and during ship power losses, the database would not always restart without maintenance, presenting physical risks for the crew. SQLite is an answer to that danger; when used properly, it will transparently recover from such crashes. Despite a small number of CVEs patched in CentOS 7 (CVE-2015-3414, CVE-2015-3415, CVE-2015- 3416, CVE-2019-13734), few databases can match SQLite’s reliability record, and none that are commercially prevalent. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_SMPlayer_on_Rocky_Linux_9⠀⇛ SMPlayer is free, open-source software that can be used on any operating system. It has been localized in more than 30 languages, making it easy to enjoy your favorite videos no matter what language(s) are spoken around them! A front end called SMplayer offers graphics tools from Mpv (a forks version), along with its interface widgets provided by qt. This player also falls under the terms given out through GPL v2 or later versions which ensures freedom while providing access via financial means if desired so long as copyright restrictions aren’t violated during use. The best media players are also portable, so you can carry them around on a USB drive and use them without leaving traces behind. SMPlayer is worth trying for this reason alone! The following tutorial will teach you how to install SMPlayer Rocky Linux 9 using one of the two third-party repositories RPM Fusion Free or Flatpak package manager, with the command line terminal. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_InfluxDB_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install InfluxDB on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, InfluxDB is a time-series database (TSDB) that is designed to handle high write and query loads. It is written in the Go programming language for storage and retrieval of time series data in fields such as operations monitoring, application metrics, Internet of Things sensor data, and real-time analytics. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the InfluxDB on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ How_to_customize_Grafana_dashboards using_Ansible_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Learn how to use a custom JSON data source, Mockoon, FastApi, and Prometheus to customize your Grafana dashboard. # ⚓ AddictiveTips ☛ Use_the_Nix_package_manager_on_any_Linux OS⠀⇛ NixOS is a declarative Linux operating system. Users create their operating system from the ground up with a configuration file and the use of an excellent package manager. But did you know it is possible to use the Nix package manager on any Linux operating system? Here’s how to get it working on your Linux PC. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_to_Execute_Commands_from_Within_a_Shell Script⠀⇛ “Working with shell script is something any Linux user should be at home with. However, how you learn to execute commands plays a big role in your understanding and working with shell scripts. This guide explains all details about executing commands within a shell script. We will cover everything from creating a shell script to defining variables to executing the shell script. Let’s get started!” # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_Do_I_Create_a_.CRT_File_in_Linux?⠀⇛ .CRT file extension represents an SSL/TLS certificate to secure communication between a web server and a browser. Today, we will explore how to generate a certificate using the OpenSSL tool on Ubuntu 22.04. Before getting started, ensure OpenSSL is installed on your system with good libraries and dependencies. # ⚓ LinuxTechi ☛ How_to_Install_FileZilla_on_Fedora_36 Workstation⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ Valve_Interviewed_with_Another_Japanese Outlet:_SteamOS_To_Expand_Portable_Gaming_Market_to_Other Devices_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ A few days after the previous interview of Valve representatives in Japan from Nikkei that we covered, here’s another interview from the Japanese publication Automaton-Media this time with Ricky Uy, President of KOMODO, the distributor in Japan, Lawrence Yang, UX designer at Valve, and Erik Peterson, Steam business manager. If you use the below translation please link to Boiling Steam. # ⚓ Godot Engine ☛ Godot_Engine_–_Maintenance_release:_Godot 3.5.1⠀⇛ We released Godot 3.5 in early August, and like any release, there are few rough edges to iron out which warrant making maintenance “patch” releases (3.5.x). Such maintenance releases focus on fixing bugs and not on integrating new features. This helps guarantee that the overall production readiness of the stable branch keeps increasing. So this 3.5.1 release fixes a number of regressions that users reported after the release, as well as various other fixes to pre-existing bugs and usability improvements. This is a safe and recommended update for all Godot 3.5.x users. It should have no major incidence on your projects, even complex ones in production, if you’re already using 3.5-stable. # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ The_Excavation_of_Hob’s_Barrow_on_Linux: Review_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ Today I got the opportunity to review The Excavation of Hob’s Barrow, a point and click folk horror story set in Victorian England that runs well on Linux. Besides the steam description and being on some friend’s wishlist, I didn’t know much about. A web search led me to its former name Incantamentum, but I decided to postpone my investigation to not spoil the fun. And, oh boy, I was ready for some nostalgia. Some of the first games I played on PC were point and click adventures. In a time when I didn’t know English well and would proceed the story with guesses and trial and error. It taught me give, pick up, look at and many others just by figuring out what the character would do at each command. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE ☛ Blue_Angel_Award_Ceremony_At_EnviroInfo Conference:_Okular_Officially_Receives_Eco-Label,_First Ever_For_Software_Product_–_KDE_Eco⠀⇛ On Wednesday 28 September 2022 Okular, a Free and Open Source advanced document reader that allows you to read, sign, and annotate PDFs, ePubs, MarkDowns, and many other types of documents, was officially celebrated for becoming the first software product to receive the Blue Angel eco-label. As announced in March (read more here), Okular has been recognized for sustainable software design as reflected in the recent Blue Angel award criteria for software eco- certification. Introduced in 1978, the Blue Angel is the world’s earliest eco-label and the official environmental label awarded by the German government. With this award, Okular is the first and currently only eco- certified computer program within the 30 organizations of the Global Ecolabelling Network, which represents over 50 countries. # ⚓ Kdenlive ☛ A_Week_into_Kdenlive’s_Fundraiser_Campaign –_Kdenlive⠀⇛ We launched our first Kdenlive fundraising campaign one week ago and we already collected almost two-thirds of the goal! We would like to thank everybody for their massive support. Moving forward, we will keep you posted on our progress and the development of the new exciting features/ improvements we’ll be adding to Kdenlive with the funds. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Red Hat / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ Oh_No!_Fedora_is_Dropping_Support_for_Popular Video_Codecs_[Here's_Why!]⠀⇛  Fedora is a popular Linux distro that caters to users who want cutting-edge tech on their workstations (and servers). It doesn’t ship with any proprietary components and sticks to completely open-source repositories by default. While that can be inconvenient for some already, now it seems another change may bother users looking forward to Fedora 37. A recent commit to Mesa on Fedora tells us that the Video Acceleration API support has been disabled for H.264, H.265, and VC-1 codecs due to legal worry. This is likely to be backported to Fedora 36 as well. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Top_new_features_in_Red_Hat_Enterprise Linux_8.7_and_9.1_Beta⠀⇛ We are excited to announce the availability of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8.7 and 9.1 Beta. RHEL provides a more flexible and stable foundation to support hybrid cloud innovation and a faster, more consistent experience for deploying applications and critical workloads across physical, virtual, private, and public cloud and edge deployments. RHEL 8.7 and 9.1 Beta brings new features and enhancements that deliver greater consistency and a stronger security posture to the open hybrid cloud’s foundation, with the ability to deliver workloads, applications, and services faster with less effort across various environments. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ Eurolinux_could_be_the_ideal_desktop_Linux distribution_for_businesses⠀⇛  Once upon a time, I remember getting thoroughly excited about Red Hat Enterprise Desktop (now Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. Both of those products are still around but have mostly taken a backseat to their respective company’s server operating systems. And for companies that eschew the costlier Linux variants, what business-class desktop operating system is there? After all, there’s a good reason why so many businesses opt for the likes of Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux over RHEL and SLES: cost. That’s why I found myself revisiting the thrill of those bygone days when I found out about Eurolinux. Eurolinux hails from Poland and like both Red Hat and SUSE has focused on their server-based distribution for nearly a decade. With the release of RHEL 9, Eurolinux has introduced a desktop variation of their operating system. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ 5_strategies_to_boost_IT_team productivity⠀⇛ For many, the five-day in-office work week is dead. McKinsey reports that most people working in computing and mathematical jobs have remote work options, and 77 percent say they’re willing to work fully remotely. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Shares_―_Edge_computing: Security⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ 2.5_billion_and_counting:_Red_Hat OpenStack_Platform_continues_to_deliver_for_service_providers [Ed: What a bizarre thing to count to make it look a lot bigger than it actually is]⠀⇛ Red Hat is excited to announce the general availability of Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17 at MWC Las Vegas this year. Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17 is designed to help service providers as they build out massive, modern networks with an open hybrid cloud vision in mind. With this latest version, service providers can benefit from the delivery of new services and applications to meet changing demand, advanced networking and improved operational security features for their 4G and 5G networks. It’s been over a decade since the creation of the OpenStack project. Since then, Red Hat OpenStack Platform has become a leading technology for service provider cloud environments that propels innovation and is one of the top NFV infrastructure for service providers with over 30% of the paid production LTE deployments. Today, Red Hat service provider customers running Red Hat OpenStack Platform are estimated to have more than 2.5 billion mobile subscribers. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Awards_roll_call:_March_to_August_2022 [Ed: Maybe give_an_award_to_Raytheon again?]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Build_a_Kogito_Serverless_Workflow_using Serverless_Framework_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Serverless Workflow is a standard from the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). Kogito implements the Serverless Workflow specifications to define workflows for event-driven, serverless applications using a DSL-based model. Serverless Framework is an open source framework that builds, compiles, and packages code for serverless deployment. The framework provides implementations for different cloud providers, including Knative. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Software_developer:_A_day_in_the life_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Growing up in Pelotas, Brazil, I did not have access to a computer until I was 9 years old. Nobody in my family worked with technology, so it did not occur to me to consider a career in this field until high school, when a friend encouraged me to try a course in electronics. The course introduced me to programming logic with C and C++, and it was exciting to see logic, math, and technology come together. That inspired me to pursue a bachelor’s degree in Analysis and Development Systems at the university level. I am very proud of my Brazilian heritage. However, there are relatively few females in this profession, especially in Latin America. Women are still forced to overcome obstacles and stereotypes. Despite my superior grades, for example, it took me longer to land my first job than my male colleagues. o § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian:_Version_3.1_of_QSoas_is_out⠀⇛  Starting from now, all the binary images for the new versions of QSoas will freely available from the download page. You can download the precompiled versions of QSoas for MacOS or windows. So now, you have no reason anymore not to try ! My aim with making the binaries freely available is also to simplify the release process for me and therefore increase the rate at which new versions are released. Some work went into improving the fit interface, in particular for the handling of fit trajectories when doing parameter space exploration, for difficult fits with many parameters and many local minima. The fit window now features real menus, along with tab a way to display the terminal (see the menus and the tabs selection on the image). # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ SpiralLinux_Updated_Built_Upon_the_Stable_Debian 11.5_Branch⠀⇛ SpiralLinux 11.220925 adds smoother two-finger scrolling, Firefox ESR 102.3, and disabling bitmap fonts to avoid poor font rendering. SpiralLinux is a new Debian-based Linux distro focusing on simplicity and out-of-the-box usability in all major desktop environments. It covers all the most popular desktop environments in Linux, including GNOME, Plasma, Cinnamon, Xfce, MATE, Budgie, and LXQt. Three months after the initial version of the distro was released, the updated SpiralLinux 11.220925 is here. So let’s have a look at what has changed. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ SpiralLinux_Fixes_Frustrating_Hardware_Suport Issues_in_New_Version⠀⇛ The developers of the Debian offshoot SpiralLinux have announced a new version, 11.220925. The release offers a number of improvements to increase hardware support and make the system more user- friendly. [...] The new version of SpiralLinux is based on Debian Stable 11.5. The distro has several desktop systems available but there are changes that are common to all versions. Among them are an updated version of Firefox, improved two-finger scrolling on trackpads, and tweaked Wi-Fi drivers. The developers mention that support for the Realtek r8168 Wi-Fi adapter is “theoretical” and that they appreciate reports from users who actually have the device installed. They also fixed a bug where an “annoying beep” was heard while booting the live system using the EFI firmware standard in new PCs. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Ubuntu_22.10:_Release_Date_&_New_Features⠀⇛  Ubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu” will be released on October 20, 2022, which isn’t that far away — though you don’t have to wait that long to try it as the Ubuntu 22.10 Beta will be released on September 29, 2022. In this post I round-up and run-through new features in Ubuntu 22.10, as well the most notable changes, app updates, release info, and more. Ubuntu developers gave Ubuntu 22.10 “Kinetic Kudu” as its codename. As codenames it isn’t the most revelatory. “Kinetic” is an adjective related to motion, whilst a Kudu is a species of African antelope, the male of which have some impressive spiralled horns. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Late_but_lustrous,_a_fresh_remix_of Ubuntu_emergesLate_but_lustrous,_a_fresh_remix_of_Ubuntu emerges⠀⇛ The team behind the unofficial Ubuntu remix with the Deepin desktop has rolled out an updated version based on the current Ubuntu long-term support release. The Reg FOSS desk took a look at UbuntuDDE at the start of the year and came away impressed. The Linux Deepin desktop environment is bright, colorful, and easy to use, but some Western users might be reluctant to use an OS from the People’s Republic of China. When we looked at the resource usage of the other unofficial flavors last month, we mentioned that, sadly, UbuntuDDE 22.04 hadn’t surfaced. Well, now, here it is. # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ UbuntuDDE_Remix_22.04_Review:_Attractive Distro_with_Ubuntu-LTS_Stability.⠀⇛ UbuntuDDE Remix is an unofficial & community- contributed Ubuntu spin featuring the Deepin desktop. Deepin desktop (DDE) is the most beautiful Linux desktop by default which brings a well- designed desktop with its native applications. This distribution is fairly new, with the first release during Ubuntu 20.04 LTS released a couple of years back. And now, with the release of Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish, this distro emits another great release. Here’s a quick review of UbuntuDDE Remix version 22.04, released a few days back. # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Le_soluzioni_enterprise_di_Canonical_Ubuntu_nel 2022 [Ed: Under the guise of "Ubuntu Pro" Canonical is pushing Microsoft's proprietary software now, abusing the Debian base it's built on]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ The_benefits_of_running_Microsoft_SQL_Server_on Ubuntu_Pro⠀⇛ Since November 2021, Canonical and Microsoft have been offering a jointly supported Microsoft SQL Server on Ubuntu Pro solution. With this offering, you can set up an optimised configuration of SQL Server on Ubuntu in a few steps. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ 3D_game_running_on_FPGA_shown_to_be_50x_more efficient_than_on_x86_hardware⠀⇛  Sphery vs. shapes is an open-source 3D raytraced game written in C and translated into FPGA bitstream that runs 50 times more efficiently on FPGA hardware than on an AMD Ryzen processor. Verilog and VHDL languages typically used on FPGA are not well-suited to game development or other complex applications, so instead, Victor Suarez Rovere and Julian Kemmerer relied on Julian’s “PipelineC” C-like hardware description language (HDL) and Victor’s CflexHDL tool that include parser/generator and math types library in order to run the same code on PC with a standard compile, and on FPGA through a custom C to VHDL translator. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ peppe8o ☛ 1.8″_TFT_LCD_interfacing_with_Arduino_Uno⠀⇛ # ⚓ The DIY Life ☛ New_ArduCam_Time_of_Flight_(ToF)_Camera_– Your_Pi_Can_Now_See_In_3D_–_The_DIY_Life⠀⇛ Today we’re going to be taking a look at the new ArduCam Time of Flight (ToF) Camera. This is a new camera by ArdCam that gives your Raspberry Pi 3D vision by adding an IR laser illuminator alongside the camera lens. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_pet_feeder_differentiates_between_animals based_on_their_weight_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ A common problem among owners of multiple pets is how to feed them separately. If one animal needs special food, is on a diet, or likes to eat from another’s bowl, it becomes difficult to control each pet’s consumption. That is especially true when one pet doesn’t like to finish their bowl of food immediately and leaves it open to theft by another. To solve this problem and prevent one cat from stealing another cat’s special diabetic diet food, Tomas built a selective pet feeder. Like most of us would, Tomas first thought of using NFC tags on his cat’s collars to grant access to their food bowls. But NFC has a very limited range, which makes it hard to use in a situation like this. After considering other solutions, Tomas realized that one of his cats weighs quite a bit more than the other. If they were a similar weight then this wouldn’t work, but because the difference is substantial, he figured he could use a scale to grant access to the special diet food. # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Raspberry_Pi_RP2040_gets_into_BBC_Micro:bit lookalike_board⠀⇛ ELECFREAKS Pico:ed V2 is a Raspberry Pi RP2040 board heavily inspired by the BBC Micro:bit with an edge connector exposing rings suitable for crocodile clips, a 17×7 LED matrix display, and designed for the classroom. We’ve seen several BBC Micro:bit clones – or rather adaptations – over the years with boards such as the SiFive Learn Inventor, Elecrow Mbits, and HiHope “Big Brother” board. The Pico:ed V2 adds to the list, and the main differences are that it is based on the Raspberry Pi RP2040 microcontroller instead, and does not come with wireless connectivity relying on a USB interface only. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_Play_Store_32.5.14_version_is_up_on_Android_–_Huawei Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Wallpaper_Wednesday:_Android_wallpapers 2022-09-28_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_simple_Android_gesture_would_make_iOS_16_so_much_more intuitive_|_NextPit⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Sun ☛ Every_Android_user_warned_to_check_THREE_things today_–_it’s_risky_not_to_–_The_Sun_|_The_Sun⠀⇛ # ⚓ Evening Standard UK ☛ DeGoogled_Android_phone_launches_in the_UK_|_Evening_Standard⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu Pit ☛ Top_5_Best_NFC_Apps_for_Android_Devices_in 2022⠀⇛ # ⚓ 7_Best_Free_Reddit_Apps_For_Android_in_2022⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ The_best_augmented_reality_games_for Android_in_2022⠀⇛ # ⚓ 6_Best_Ways_to_Fix_QR_Code_Scanner_Not_Working_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Indian Express ☛ Nova_to_Niagara:_The_top_Android_launchers to_try_out_on_your_smartphone_|_Technology_News,The_Indian Express⠀⇛ # ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ Epson_EpiqVision_Flex_CO-FH02_Smart Portable_Projector_with_built-in_Android_TV_can_throw_391-in images_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Digital Trends ☛ Play_Store_embraces_Wear_OS,_Android_TV, and_Android_Auto_|_Digital_Trends⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Android’s_useful_privacy_indicators_are headed_for_ChromeOS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Wild_Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_S8_FE_suspect_appears with_Android_13_and_middling_SoC_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Nothing_promises_Android_13_beta_this year_alongside_new_Phone_1_update⠀⇛ # ⚓ Notebook Check ☛ Xiaomi_Pad_5_receives_Android_12_globally courtesy_of_MIUI_13.1_update_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ PR Newswire ☛ Handheld_releases_new_Nautiz_X81:_An_ultra- rugged_5G_Android_12_handheld_with_a_familiar_feel⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia Mob ☛ Nokia_G21_receiving_new_Android_Build_| Nokiamob⠀⇛ # ⚓ SlashGear ☛ The_Hidden_Feature_On_Android_Phones_That_Can Be_A_Real_Time_Saver⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ You_don’t_even_have_Android_Auto’s redesign_yet,_but_Google’s_already_changing_it⠀⇛ # ⚓ FOSSBytes ☛ How_To_Empty_Trash_On_Android?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tech Advisor ☛ Has_Your_Android_Phone_Been_Blocked_By_a Contact?_|_Tech_Advisor⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § FSFE⠀➾ # ⚓ FSFE ☛ Software_Freedom_in_Europe_2022 [Ed: FSFE: “We continuously work to promote Free Software in Europe.”. Yeah, by attacking the pioneer of it… using libel. And using his name (and_illegally_using_the_FSF’s_name) to raise money.. for God knows what…]⠀⇛ We continuously work to promote Free Software in Europe. In 2022 we addressed technological sustainability, advocated in the DMA and AI act on European level, and defended Router Freedom in Europe – among other activities. To reach younger people, we organised a coding competition for teenagers and published a children’s book on software freedom. “Software Freedom in Europe” is the yearly report of the Free Software Foundation Europe (FSFE), your charity organisation which empowers people to control technology. Every year we refine our manifold activities to address the current needs of software freedom in Europe. This yearly report covers the FSFE activities from November 2021 to August 2022. o § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Announcing_the_GNU_Toolchain_Infrastructure_Project [Ed: Corporate_coup and very bad news]⠀⇛ The backers of the GNU Toolchain Infrastructure Project, which was the subject of an intense discussion at the GNU Tools Cauldron, have finally posted their plans publicly. # ⚓ Announcing_the_GNU_Toolchain_Infrastructure_Project [Ed: See the comments in LWN (above)⠀⇛ Linux Foundation IT services plans for the GNU Toolchain include Git repositories, mailing lists, issue tracking, web sites, and CI/CD, implemented with strong authentication, attestation, and security posture. Utilizing the experience and infrastructure of the LF IT team that is already used by the Linux kernel community will provide the most effective solution and best experience for the GNU Toolchain developer community. # ⚓ GNU ☛ Wrapping_up_Ten_Years_of_Guix_in_Paris_—_2022_—_Blog —_GNU Guix [Ed: The people working overtime to overthrow the FSF's founder]⠀⇛ Two weeks ago, some of us were in Paris, France, to celebrate ten years of Guix! The event included 22 talks and 12 lightning talks, covering topics ranging from reproducible research on Friday and Guix hacking on Saturday and Sunday. If you couldn’t make it in Paris, and if you missed the live stream, we have some good news: videos of the talks and supporting material are now available from the program page! If you weren’t there, there are things you definitely missed though: more than 60 participants from a diverse range of backgrounds—a rare opportunity for scientists and hackers to meet!—, impromptu discussions and encounters, and of course not one but two crazy birthday cakes (yup! on one day it was vanilla/blueberry-flavored, and on the other day it was chocolate/passion fruit, but both were equally beautiful!). [...] Organizing this event has certainly been exhausting, but seeing it come true and meeting both new faces and old-timers was a great reward for us. Despite the occasional shenanigans—delayed talks, one talk cancellation, and worst of all: running out of coffee and tea after lunch—we hope it was enjoyable for all. For those in Europe, our next in-person meeting is probably going to be FOSDEM. And maybe this will inspire some to organize events in other regions of the world and/or on-line meetups! o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ seife’s_assorted_rants:_Multiple_stage_servers_in_open build_service⠀⇛ The open build service publisher has a configuration variable in BSConfig.pm, where you can define a rsync server to publish the built repos to. Unfortunately, the documentation apart from the actual code (in src/backend/bs_publish function sync_to_stage) seems scarce, so let’s document one non-standard usage here. # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ SmartGit_Git_client_SFS_created⠀⇛ Arguably SmartGit rates about the best GUI Git client. My opinion anyway, having played with a few over the years. I first discovered SmartGit in 2016… # ⚓ Gitea_Joins_the_SCM/CI_Party!_–_Open_Build_Service⠀⇛ As we disclosed a few days ago, the roll-out of the SCM/CI feature was not the end. The proof is that we are here to announce another important milestone regarding the OBS SCM/CI integration. Starting today, Gitea is available for you to be integrated with OBS! # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Nim_1.6.8_compiled_in_OE_with_simplified recipe⠀⇛ # § C⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Operator_Precedence_in_C⠀⇛ When we evaluate any expression that involves the usage of different operators in it, we are obliged to solve the expression to compute its values based on operator precedence. Precedence is the term for assigning a priority or weightage to some value/term, so the operator precedence assigns the priority to operators in an expression. To understand this, assume any expression, e.g., 8*3+2, and the answer to this expression could result in two different values, “26” and “40”, respectively. However, we will choose the result of the expression as “26”, since the multiplication “*” operator has more operator precedence as compared to the addition operator “+” hence, the expression will first compute the multiplication between 8 and 3 and the result will be then added with the 2. Many operators in the programming language C have more priority over the other operators. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Constants_in_C⠀⇛ We need to declare and initialize the values, either changing or fixed in some places, to give a value or assign a weightage for the reference or the manipulation of the specific information while writing a program. For these assignments of the values, we store these values in variables and constants. Constant is the type of that variable whose value remains unchanged/fixed throughout the entire program. Primary constants represent the integers, real numbers, and character constants, whereas secondary constants represent the structures, arrays, unions, and pointers. When we initially declare a constant in a program, we cannot change its value to any other value afterward. We are obliged to use that value as it is in the entire code. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Malloc_Function_in_C⠀⇛ “Within the C language, memory allocation is a very known concept, and we have many functions to allocate memories to different mutable, i.e., dynamic memory, static memory, etc. The malloc() function of C is one of those functions that not only allocates memory to a specific mutable but also returns an address pointer where that memory has been stored. This article would be helping you with the use of malloc in C while using Ubuntu 20.04 system. Make your system up to date before jumping on the implementation of C code because it will help you smoothly run your codes at the shell. Thus, we have updated it so far, and it asked us to add the password for the user that is currently working. We provided it with a password, and the process was finished in a few seconds.” # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Posix_Signals_in_C⠀⇛ “While driving on the roadside, what do you do when you have an encounter with a red signal? You stop driving for a while to wait for your turn until the signal turns green. Similarly, when a signal has an orange color, you continue to drive and never stop. POSIX Signals work the same as the traffic signal works. The POSIX Signal library came up with a very simple function to be utilized in the C code to generate signals, make your programs wait for their execution, and many more. This article would be demonstrating all those signal functions. We have been starting our examples with the creation and opening of a C file.” # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Typedef_in_C⠀⇛ The typedef is the predefined keyword, which instructs the compiler to assign the user- defined types to the predefined types of C, i.e., int, float, decimal, double float, etc. Typedef can be used when it is difficult to type multiple times in a program. For example, multiple-time use of “unsigned int” increases the complexity of the program. To reduce that complexity, we can define a user- friendly name for that type. For example, if we are using it in student ID, marks, etc., then we can simply name it “student”. In simple words, we can say that typedef reduces the complexity of the program and also provides clarity of the code. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Is_it_time_to_retire_C_and_C++_for Rust_in_new_programs? [Ed: New job title for Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols: Microsoft megaphone and outsourcer. Whatever pays the bills...]⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Tedium ☛ Why_Beck’s_“Old_Man”_NFL_Ad_Feels_Like_Selling_Out_When Most_Ads_Don’t⠀⇛ The idea of selling out has kind of lost all meaning in our modern culture, but there are still moments where the cringe comes on a little strong. One of those moments hit this week when it was revealed Beck had covered Neil Young’s “Old Man” to promote an NFL game that Tom Brady is playing in. Now, Young is very famously not a fan of selling out, but then again, he kind of sold his right to not sell out earlier this year. (He wasn’t alone.) But Beck, a man who I’ve never seen play football, seems like an unusual choice to have anything to do with the NFL or Tom Brady, and I’m sure he was the one that came up with the idea of adding additional meaning to “24 and there’s so much more” that the NFL is claiming. In honor of this new, more esoteric attempt at selling out, today’s Tedium talks about the nature of sellouts. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ The Next Platform ☛ Where_Amdahl’s_Law_And_Gustafson’s_Law Hit_the_Moore’s_Law_Wall⠀⇛ After nearly six decades of getting smaller, faster, cooler, and cheaper, transistors are getting more and more expensive with each generation, and one could argue that this, more than any other factor, is going to drive system architecture choices for the foreseeable future. Either the reticle size of fab equipment is going to limit us, or the internetworking between components, whether they are on a single socket in 2D, 2.5D, or 3D configurations, is going to limit us. We find chiplet architectures perhaps unavoidable as well as interesting, and we admit that chiplet approaches have the potential to increase individual component yields and therefore reduce semiconductor costs, but the use of chiplets also increases package manufacturing costs and there is a price – and potentially a very large price in computational efficiency and thermals – of not having monolithic compute elements very close to their cache and main memories. o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ OSI Blog ☛ Raising_funds_for_a_good_cause_while learning_about_Open_Source_trends [Ed: OSI now works closely with another Microsoft_proxy]⠀⇛ OpenLogic by Perforce and the Open Source Initiative (OSI) announce the second annual collaborative survey and report on the state of Open Source software. o § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Newly-Formed_Linux_Foundation_Europe_Closes_in_on_the Challenges_of_Open_Source [Ed: This_has_nothing_to_do_with Linux;_it’s_American_corporate_occupation_or_political interference_in_Europe]⠀⇛ With a view to offering new insights into the European dynamics of open source, a dozen members have come together to form the new Linux Foundation Europe. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Wednesday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (gdal, maven-shared-utils, thunderbird, webkit2gtk, and wpewebkit), Fedora (firefox and libofx), SUSE (dpdk, firefox, flatpak, grafana, kernel, libcaca, and opera), and Ubuntu (ghostscript and linux-gcp- 5.15). # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ iTWire_–_PM_tells_Optus_it_will_have_to_pay_for replacing_users’_passports⠀⇛ Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has told Optus that it must pay the costs for customers who want to replace their passports if their data was caught up in the breach that the telco announced last Thursday. Albanese said Australia’s security and privacy legislation would be updated, adding that big data breaches would result in penalties. He added that Optus, not taxpayers, should pay for the new identity documents because the breach was caused by the telco’s failures, and expressed surprise that the Opposition was asking the government to pick up the bill. # ⚓ Internet Freedom Foundation ☛ Delhi_HC_issues_notice_in SnTHosting’s_challenge_to_legality_of_CERT-In’s_Directions⠀⇛ The Delhi HC has issued notice in a petition filed by SnTHostings challenging the legality of Direction No. 20(3)/2022-CERT-In dated April 28, 2022 (‘2022 Directions’) by the The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (‘CERT-In’). SnTHostings provides hosting, Virtual Private Network (‘VPN’) and Virtual Private Server (‘VPS’) services. The 2022 Directions presented an existential crisis to SnTHostings as they mandated it to collect a range of personal data and share it with CERT-In on demand and / or on the occurrence of a cyber- security incident. Mr. Samar Bansal appeared on behalf of SnTHosting. Justice Yashwant Verma of the Delhi HC heard detailed submissions from the counsel and directed CERT-In to provide a response to the Petition, stating that the issue requires consideration. IFF provided legal assistance. # ⚓ CISA ☛ CISA_Releases_Three_Industrial_Control_Systems Advisories [Ed: Now revised]⠀⇛ CISA has released three (3) Industrial Control Systems (ICS) advisories on September 27th, 2022. These advisories provide timely information about current security issues, vulnerabilities, and exploits surrounding ICS. # ⚓ Hacker News ☛ Researchers_Warn_of_New_Go-based_Malware Targeting_Windows_and_Linux_Systems [Ed: So don't install it. In Windows there are back doors, so it may be outside the user's control.]⠀⇛ A new, multi-functional Go-based malware dubbed Chaos has been rapidly growing in volume in recent months to ensnare a wide range of Windows, Linux, small office/home office (SOHO) routers, and enterprise servers into its botnet. # ⚓ MEMRI ☛ Pro-ISIS_Outlet_Recommends_Most_Secure_Linux Systems [Ed: Now they try to associate Linux with terrorism even if the vast majority of terrorists use Windows]⠀⇛ o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Unearthed_File_Reveals_Huge_Cold_War-Era_U.S._Bugging Operation_Against_Soviets⠀⇛ There are a number of unwritten rules in the world of espionage. These practices of the profession — though quietly accepted universally as “fair game” — can engender haughty rhetorical denunciations when an offending state is caught engaging in them. # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Cold_War_Bugging_of_Soviet_Facilities_– Schneier_on_Security⠀⇛ We have long read about sophisticated Russian spying operations—bugging the Moscow embassy, bugging Selectric typewriters in the Moscow embassy, bugging the new Moscow embassy. These are the first details I’ve read about the US bugging the Russians’ embassy. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ Hypnerotomachia_Poliphili_and the_Architecture_of_Dreams_–_The_Public_Domain_Review⠀⇛ With its otherworldly woodcuts and ornate descriptions of imagined architecture, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili brims with an obsessive and erotic fixation on form. Demetra Vogiatzaki accompanies the hero as he wanders the pages of this quattrocento marvel, at once a story of lost love and a fever dream of antiquity. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ Star_Log_2022-09-27_23:00_AKDT_(Fairbanks,_AK,_US)⠀⇛ I received the reflector which my friend offered to loan me. It turned out to be a Celestron PowerSeeker 127 with manual German equatorial mount. This instrument has a five inch aperature. I had been wanting a six-inch system or higher, but I’m hoping it will be an improvement over my 60mm refractor, as far as light-gathering power. I really wanted to try an equatorial mount, so that is great. # ⚓ Adventures_in_mid-life:_Going_to_work⠀⇛ Had to go into ‘the office’ today and due to having a new car I had to take the train. (Where I work cars have to be registered for access.) # ⚓ Character_Backstory⠀⇛ Judd Karlman was talking about character backstory on the latest episode of his podcast, Daydreaming about Dragons. I decided to write up how I got my latest character’s backstory. # ⚓ ACORSWY_Wordo:_UNWIT⠀⇛ # ⚓ Creating_Against_Consuming⠀⇛ I want to write more. I need to write more. It’s boiling inside me. But each time I turn on my computer to write, something very strange happens: I do everything but writing. I want to check if I received some messages. I want to check some random news. I want to reply to the messages in my inbox because they are now filling my brain given that I saw them. I want to share or react to the news I’ve seen. I want to upgrade my software. I want to tweak some configuration in my setup. When I did all of this, I check again for messages and for news. Going offline only partially solved the problem. Instead of checking random news, I started to play some good old games thanks to Scummvm and Dosbox. I started to write more code than text (resulting in Offpunk). # ⚓ Just_Writing⠀⇛ Two years ago I wrote about writing. I thought the main barrier that kept most people from writing was environmental distractions. I claimed “stress, anxiety, sleep deprivation, or other mental issues” played a role, but often the issue was “whether or not you chose the right font, whether that section should be in italics, or if that paragraph should be colored red for emphases [sic]“. Those might have been my excuses for not writing then, but its far from my main inhibition now. [...] Like with most things, the ideal spot is between those two extremes. Where? I’m still figuring that out. I value honesty and vulnerability, but I haven’t been able to practice them the way I’d like. Fear and anxiety stop me from doing the things I love, from caring for those whom I love, and from being honest with myself and others. It’s devastating. Jesus said not to worry. That’s good advice, but it first requires grabbing hold of one’s emotions. Without that control, avoiding worrying is vanity. o § Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Keep_infrastructure_free⠀⇛ A lot of essayists wanting to push the square peg of open source software into the round peg of quid- pro-quo market capitalism. o § Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Avoid_Linux_locking_up_in_low_memory_situations_using earlyoom⠀⇛ Within operating system kernels, at least for Linux and the BSDs, there is a mechanism called “out of memory killer” which is triggered when the system is running out of memory and some room must be made to make the system responsive again. However, in practice this OOM mechanism doesn’t work well. If the system is running out of memory, it will become totally unresponsive, and sometimes the OOM killer will help, but it may take like 30 minutes, but sometimes it may be stuck forever. # § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ When_an_AI_researcher_didn’t_research_AI⠀⇛ My take is that the biggest error Lemoine did when saying that LaMDA was sentient was refusing to learn how it worked and how neural networks work generally. It seemed to me that he deliberately wanted to stick to “Turing test”-like conditions. That makes as little sense as if a doctor would want to smash up X-Ray machines. If you can look under the hood, or if your team members can, that’s a huge boon that you shouldn’t squander. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Current_Interests⠀⇛ I saw a post on the Cosmos Aggregator by Remi Noulin about their terminal gemini browser Telescope. I’d been using Amfora for so long I thought I’d give Telescope a shot. I’m really digging it so far. I used the dark mode configuration and was able to easily add a few of my own colour changes. The commands take some getting used to but it’s already starting to sink in. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4176 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/09/2022:_Fedora_37_Changes,_Ubuntu_Desktop_Advertised_as_‘Clown’_ (Controlled_by_GAFAM)⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:20 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o BSD o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Openness/Sharing/Collaboration # Open_Access/Content o Programming/Development # Python # Rust * Leftovers o Science o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Privatisation/Privateering o Security # Privacy/Surveillance # Confidentiality o Defence/Aggression o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting o Environment # Energy # Wildlife/Nature # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies # Patents # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Politics o Technical # Internet/Gemini # Programming * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Star_Labs_StarFighter_Linux_is_a_3.1_pound laptop_with_a_16_inch_4K_display_and_Intel_or_AMD_processor options_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ Linux PC maker Star Labs has announced that it’s next laptop will be a powerhouse that also has a few nifty privacy and security features. The upcoming StarFighter laptop has a 16 inch, 4K display, support for up to an Intel Core i9-12900H or AMD Ryzen 7 6800H processor, up to 64GB of RAM, and up to 8TB of storage. But it weighs just 3.1 pounds and has a starting price of around $900. [...] To avoid incurring charges to your Google Cloud account for the resources used by this tutorial, you may delete the VM instance. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Support_for_Rust_will_be_merged_in_6.1_kernel, says_Torvalds⠀⇛ Torvalds added that following the initial merge in the 6.1 kernel, there was no real timetable. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ 8_GUI_Package_Managers_for_Arch_Linux⠀⇛ Installing Arch Linux is considered challenging. This is why several Arch-based distributions exist to make things easier by providing a graphical installer. Even if you manage to install Arch Linux, you’ll notice that it relies heavily on the command line. You’ll have to open the terminal if you have to install applications or update the system. Yes! Arch Linux does not have a software center. Shocking for many, I know. If you feel uncomfortable using the command line for managing applications, you can install a GUI tool. This helps in searching for packages and installing and removing them from the comfort of the GUI. Wondering which graphical frontend for pacman commands you should use? I have some suggestions to help you get started. # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ Subfinder:_Fast_Passive_Subdomain Enumeration_Tool_in_Linux⠀⇛ Have you ever wondered what the other subdomains the root site uses? and how to find them quickly within seconds to start your bug bounty game? o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Remote_LUKS_Unlocking:_Unlocking_your_LUKS_via_SSH_and Tor⠀⇛ If you want to unlock your computer remotely, and you are facing the problem, that you can’t reach your computer before your computer is unlocked, Tor will help you to reach your computer, even during the boot process. # ⚓ Andre Franca ☛ Ghost_as_my_blogging_platform⠀⇛ Among all the options in my brief research, I liked Ghost CMS the most. Problem is, their managed hosting is more than I’d like to pay, so I self- hosted it. As of this writing, their starter plan is $9/mo billed yearly (or $11 billed monthly). # ⚓ Jim Nielsen ☛ Creating_Custom_RSS_Feeds_For_Following Others⠀⇛ Part of the work curating my icon gallery sites is staying abreast of new icon designs. This means following individual icon designers in order to keep tabs on when they post new work, people like Michael Flarup, Gavin Nelson, Matthew Skiles, and Yannick Lung. But how do you keep up with the creative work of individuals without missing something? # ⚓ TecMint ☛ Enable_Debugging_Mode_in_SSH_to_Troubleshoot Connectivity_Issues⠀⇛ In this article, we will show you how to turn on debugging mode while running SSH in Linux. This will enable you to see what actually unfolds when you execute an ssh command to connect to a remote Linux server using the verbose mode or debugging mode. # ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ How_to_Delete_Local_Git_Branch⠀⇛ Git is an amazing version control tool. It allows you to have multiple branches to isolate your code from the main branch. Which, in turn helps you work with multiple people at once. In the previous article, you learned about creating branches in Git. Learn about deleting them in this one. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_to_Install_Elasticsearch_and_Kibana_on CentOS_7⠀⇛ “Installing Elasticsearch and Kibana are handy for analyzing various data and logs on your system. Elasticsearch offers a flexible search engine for storing data, while Kibana is the web interface that helps visualize logs and other data. This guide covers the installation of Elasticsearch and Kibana on CentOS 7.” # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_remove_dangling_and_unused_Docker images⠀⇛ Docker is a free and open source OS-level virtualization system which allows us to pack and deliver applications together with their dependencies in isolated and reproducible environments called containers. Docker containers are built on the base of Images, which can become “dangling” in certain situations. In this tutorial we learn what is a dangling image, and how to recognize and remove dangling and unused Docker images from our system. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Microsoft_Edge_on_Raspberry Pi_OS [Ed: It is a_password_stealer, never install it]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Mount_LUKS_Encrypted_Drive_Partition in_Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ Feeding_the_Cloud/_posts/ Upgrading_from_chan_sip_to_res_pjsip_in_Asterisk_18⠀⇛ # ⚓ Citizix ☛ How_to_install_and_use_Podman_in_Rocky/Alma_Linux 9⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Moshi_Monsters_Rewritten Desktop_on_a_Chromebook_in_2022⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Moshi Monsters Rewritten Desktop on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_and_use_Chrony_on_CentOS_9 Stream⠀⇛ In this post, you will learn how to install and use Chrony on CentOS 9 Stream. So, you can use it to synchronize your server time with other NTP servers. In very few words, chrony is an implementation of NTP that allows us to synchronize the time of our server with another server dedicated to it using the mentioned protocol. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Bash_Command_Not_Found,_Common_Reasons_and Solutions⠀⇛ “Most of the operations in the Linux operating system are performed by executing commands. However, at times, you are unable to run certain commands in Linux, i.e., you face different sorts of errors while executing these commands. One of the most frequently faced errors by Linux users is the Bash Command Not Found error, and it occurs whenever you try to execute a certain command, either with or without any of the available options. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common reasons that lead to this error, along with some solutions to each of these problems.” # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Install_XFCE_in_Linux_Mint_21⠀⇛ “XFCE is one of the popularly available desktop environments for the Linux operating system. It is a lightweight and hence faster desktop environment but still offers an appealing look and feel. In this guide, we will learn to install the XFCE desktop on a Linux Mint 21 system.” # ⚓ Hari Rana ☛ What_Not_to_Recommend_to_Flatpak_Users_| TheEvilSkeleton⠀⇛ Whenever I browse through the web, I find many “tips and tricks” from various blog writers, YouTubers and others who recommend users to take steps that either they aren’t supposed to, or have better alternatives. In this article, I will go over some of those steps you should not be taking and explain why. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ New_Steam_Games_with_Native_Linux_Clients_– 2022-09-28_Edition_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ Between 2022-09-21 and 2022-09-28 there were 16 New Steam games released with Native Linux clients. For reference, during the same time, there were 220 games released for Windows on Steam, so the Linux versions represent about 7.3 % of total released titles. # ⚓ Video ☛ I_got_my_hands_on_Project_Killswitch_#steamdeck #killswitch_#dbrand_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ AIM ☛ Online_Gaming_Is_Becoming_Mainstream,_Where_is_the Regulation?⠀⇛ Online gaming is a fairly well-regulated space in many countries; however, in India, there is no regulation whatsoever. In the past few years, the niche online gaming industry has grown exponentially to become one of the fastest-growing sectors in India. In 2021, the market was worth USD2.2 billion and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 30% to reach USD7 billion by 2026, according to Statista. Given how fast online gaming is growing in India, a central government panel, in a confidential draft (seen by Reuters), called for the creation of a new regulatory body under the IT ministry. Last year, Sushil Kumar Modi, a prominent BJP leader and MP, called for a comprehensive regulation of online gaming to curb societal costs such as gambling addictions and financial ruin. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Steam_Deck_gets_a_small_bug-fix_Client_Beta out_now⠀⇛ Valve has released another Client Beta for the Steam Deck which is now available for testing, mostly just fixing up issues. To try it yourself you need to be in either the Beta or Preview channels available in Settings >System >Steam Update Channel. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Silence_of_the_Siren_is_a_gorgeous_new strategy_game_from_the_Project_Hospital_devs⠀⇛ Oxymoron Games, developers of the Project Hospital game have announced their second title with Silence of the Siren and it’s looking quite impressive. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ JSAUX_released_a_firmware_update_for_their Steam_Deck_Docking_Stations⠀⇛ JSAUX (pronounced Jay-Socks), announced recently that they’ve made available a new firmware update for their first two models of the Steam Deck Docking Station. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Mellow_indie_adventure_One_Dreamer_is_out now⠀⇛ One Dreamer is a point and click programming adventure game about a burned-out indie developer making games. It’s officially out with Native Linux support. Note: key provided by the developer. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Rust_for_Steam_Deck_/_Linux_still_some_time away⠀⇛ For those of you wanting to play Rust again on Linux desktop or Steam Deck, it sounds like it’s still some time away as Facepunch continues thinking on Easy Anti-Cheat support. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Don’t_Shit_On_My_#!$@&_Roof_is_the_latest 2D_horde_shooter_out_now⠀⇛ You know me by now, I’m going to play everything I can that in some way resembles Vampire Survivors and this new influx of horde games and Don’t Shit On My #!$@& Roof is the latest. Note: personal purchase. # ⚓ Eesti Rahvusringhääling ☛ Gallery:_Video_games_exhibit opens_at_National_Library_in_Tallinn⠀⇛ Video games from the 1980s until the present day are currently on show in a new interactive exhibition at the Estonian National Library in Tallinn. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Trombone_Controls_Virtual_Trombone⠀⇛ Guitar Hero was a cultural phenomenon a little over a decade ago, and showed that there was a real fun time to be had playing a virtual instrument on a controller. There are several other similar games available now for different instruments, including one called Trombone Champ that [Hung Truong] is a fan of which replaces the traditional guitar with a trombone. The sliding action of a trombone is significantly different than the frets of a guitar, making it a unique challenge in a video game. But an extra challenge is building a controller for the game that works by playing a real trombone. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ uni Toronto ☛ The_lsb_release_program_and_the_/etc/os-release file⠀⇛ The ‘no’ part is that the implementation of lsb_release isn’t standardized; in fact, Fedora and Ubuntu have two entirely different versions. Fedora’s version is a shell script originally from the ‘Free Standards Group’ that has been made to check /etc/redhat-release first. Ubuntu’s version is a Python program that seems to ultimately wind up reading /usr/lib/os-release, supplemented by interesting information that’s found in / usr/share/distro-info. The Ubuntu lsb_release seems to have originally been written for Debian, but I don’t know its history beyond that. While the arguments and behavior of lsb_release may be standardized, that’s the limit. o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] NCC Group Research ☛ Writing_FreeBSD_Kernel_Modules in_Rust⠀⇛ In this post we’ve shown that it is possible to write a simple kernel module for FreeBSD in Rust. More complete integration of Rust into existing operating system kernels is going to take a lot more time and effort, but on Linux these efforts are progressing quickly and it’s surely only a matter of time before other operating systems start to give low-level Rust serious consideration. The loadable kernel module interface is a good starting point for this work because it’s relatively isolated from the core kernel code and is on the boundary where external actors may interact with the kernel. Rust’s safety guarantees are an excellent match for this security boundary. In the future we may start to see experimental rewrites of core kernel components into Rust, bringing stronger security guarantees to the networking layers or filesystem operations. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Fedora_37_Drops_the_Hardware_Accelerated_Video Decoding⠀⇛ A recent change in open-source Mesa package config file in Fedora 37 disables the decoding of h264dec, h264enc, h265dec, h265enc, vc1dec via GPU. If you use the open-source graphics library Mesa in AMD/Intl GPU devices, then you will lose the hardware acceleration support while playing videos with h264, h265 and decoding of VC1. Reason? Patent and licencing for H264/H265 codecs. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Launch_Ubuntu_22.04_Desktop_on_Google_Cloud [Ed: Ubuntu as spyware: worse than Amazon in "scopes"]⠀⇛ Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish was published in April this year. Ubuntu users are excited about its advanced desktop features, such as support for Wayland and GNOME 42 (I will use SliM this time since I won’t play any game in this demo). But recently, some Ubuntu users say that they can’t launch the Jammy Jellyfish desktop in Google Cloud by following my previous blog: Launch Ubuntu Desktop on Google Cloud. That’s too bad because Google Cloud gives Ubuntu users such a seamless experience through Chrome. Don’t worry, you can continue using Chrome access to your Ubuntu Desktop on Google Cloud. Just follow this article. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Purism ☛ Introducing_PureBoot_Basic⠀⇛ PureBoot is our high-security, tamper-detecting boot firmware. With the release of version 22 we have added a new feature called “PureBoot Basic” that lets you optionally disable the tamper detection, leaving you with a clean, simple, and still powerful boot firmware with more recovery options than a traditional coreboot BIOS and GRUB. Normally when you boot Pureboot, the Librem Key verifies the computer’s boot firmware is still in a verified state. Librem Key is a USB token that integrates with Pureboot and helps in protecting your system from snooping while you are away. Giving you peace of mind your computer software is untampered with. For those that don’t need PureBoot’s extra security but want some of the other features, Pureboot Basic get’s out of the way and lets you boot by disabling tamper-detecting features. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ TRS-80_Model_100_Gets_Arduino_Heart_Transplant⠀⇛ When [Stephen Cass] found himself with a broken Tandy TRS-80 Model 100 portable computer, the simplest solution was to buy another broken one and make one working computer from two non-working computers. However, this left him with a dilemma — what to do with the (now even more) broken one left over? Naturally, he did what a lot of us would do and used modern hardware to interface with the original parts that still work. In this case it meant replacing the motherboard with an Arduino Mega 2560. # ⚓ Adafruit ☛ Make_a_Lunar_Light_Tide_Clock⠀⇛ The design is based on a ESP32 microcontroller attached to a real time clock with battery back-up running a tide program that allows it to output a light based corona that designates high and low tide. The microcontroller will run the tide script endlessly as long as it has power, requiring no internet connection for its calculations. # ⚓ Instructables ☛ Lunar_Light_Tide_Clock⠀⇛ The TTGO version of the ESP32 board accommodates a screen that details the HI/Low tide Hour and Minute for the next 12 hours as well as the number of hours to next Hi/Low and the current tide level in feet. The back lighting of the moon changes with the hours of the day and can even accommodate hidden features such as celebrating birthdays or holidays with customized lighting patterns. # ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Picamera2_beta_release⠀⇛ One of the new features in the latest set of Raspberry Pi OS images is, for the first time, pre- installed beta release versions of the new Picamera2 Python camera library. For those not familiar with Picamera2, it’s the replacement for the old PiCamera Python library. PiCamera proved hugely popular with users, as it provided a much more approachable way of accessing the Raspberry Pi’s camera system. But as we’ve discussed on this blog a number of times (An open source camera stack for Raspberry Pi, Bullseye camera system and A preview release of the Picamera2 library), we’re moving away from proprietary and closed camera APIs (Broadcom’s in this case) to an open framework based on libcamera. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Build_an_open_source_project_using_this essential_advice⠀⇛ Open source is a flourishing and beneficial ecosystem that publicly solves problems in communities and industries using software developed through a decentralized model and community contributions. Over the years, this ecosystem has grown in number and strength among hobbyists and professionals alike. It’s mainstream now—even proprietary companies use open source to build software. With the ecosystem booming, many developers want to get in and build new open source projects. The question is: How do you achieve that successfully? This article will demystify the lifecycle and structure of open source projects. I want to give you an overview of what goes on inside an open source project and show you how to build a successful and sustainable project based on my personal experience. o § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Access/Content⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Best_Selling_Organic_Chemistry_Textbook Goes_Open_Access_After_Professor_Regains_The Copyright⠀⇛ It’s well known that textbook prices are generally high. That’s in part because academic publishers effectively have a monopoly when it comes to standard texts. Very often, these are texts that students simply must have as part of their course, which means they will pay even exorbitant prices. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSSH ☛ Call_for_testing:_openssh-9.1⠀⇛ OpenSSH 9.1p1 is almost ready for release, so we would appreciate testing on as many platforms and systems as possible. This is a bugfix release. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Unions_in_C⠀⇛ “Just like structures, Unions are also user-defined datatypes, but unlike structures, Union members share the same memory location, and they do not have different memory locations. If we declare two variables in a Structure and then check their address, we will see that both have different addresses, which means that members of a structure get different memory locations. Instead of that, we declare the same two variables in a Union and check their addresses; it will be observed that both of their addresses are the same, which proves that both of the constants share the same memory location. In the case of the structure, an integer will take four blocks, but in a union, both the integer and character will share the same memory block. One thing to keep in mind is that in a Union, members will share the same location of memory, which means that if changes are made in one member, they will be reflected in the other members of the union as well. The union’s size is taken according to the size of the greatest member of a union. The union members can be accessed through pointers by using the (->) operator. If we want to store information about multiple objects like Books and Stores, we will have to make two structures for each of them. It will waste a lot of memory. For that purpose, unions are used. Unions can save information to multiple objects.” # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Python Speed ☛ Find_slow_data_processing_tasks_ (before_your_customers_do)⠀⇛ Here are some of the ways you can discover your data processing jobs are too slow: 1. Jobs start getting killed when they hit timeouts. 2. Customers start complaining about slow or failed jobs. 3. Your cloud computing bill is twice what it was last month. While these notification mechanisms do work, it’s probably best not to rely on them. Life is easier when jobs finish successfully, customers are happy, and you have plenty of money left over in your budget. That means you want to identify unexpected slowness or high memory usage before the situation get that bad. The sooner you can identify performance problems, the sooner you can fix them. So how can you identify inefficient tasks in your data pipeline or workflow? Let’s find out! # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Lars Wirzenius ☛ Free_Rust_training_to_FOSS programmers⠀⇛ The course is in English using the Big Blue Button video conferencing system (accessed with a web browser). You should install the Rust toolchain before the course starts: either using packages for your operating system or using rustup. Your installation works if you can run the following commands and get the expected output. [...] This offer is limited to people who already contribute to FOSS projects via code: to meaningfully learn Rust you need to already know how to program, and I’m biased towards FOSS, sorry. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Infinite_Axis_Printing_On_The_Ender_3⠀⇛ It’s taken years to perfect them, but desktop 3D printers that uses a conveyor belt instead of a traditional build plate to provide a theoretically infinite build volume are now finally on the market. Unfortunately, they command a considerable premium. Even the offering from Creality, a company known best for their budget printers, costs $1,000 USD. o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ William_Rivers_Pitt_Dared_to_Hope_for_Our_Future. Let’s_Do_Right_by_His_Memory.⠀⇛ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Jeffrey_Sommers⠀⇛ o ⚓ FAIR ☛ ‘There’s_a_Lot_of_Jubilance_and_Healing_in_Reparations’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed Alicia Bell and Collette Watson about media reparations for the September 23, 2022, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Legacy_of_Hilary_Mantel⠀⇛ Adaptations for both television and stage followed, and it is a tribute to the power of Mantel’s exploration of the ambiguities surrounding Cromwell’s dramatic life that these versions brought many enthusiastic new readers to her novels. She became, relatively late in her life, a literary star. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Hua_Hsu’s_Lesson_in_Friendship⠀⇛ In the late 1990s, two freshmen at UC Berkeley meet, and they seem like opposites at first: One is a sincere and confident Japanese American frat boy into the Dave Matthews Band, and the other a quiet and sardonic Taiwanese American who loves zines and grunge. One is comfortable with slinging beers and talking to girls; the other prides himself on staying in on Friday nights. But they exchange cigarettes, opinions on music and books, and from the rigid categories teenagers slot themselves into emerge Ken and Hua, a pair of close friends. Their friendship gets solidified through endless ribbing, car rides, and on one occasion, failing to throw a Snapple bottle through the window of a rival frat house. And then, a month before their senior year begins, Ken is killed in a carjacking. In his grief, Hua becomes “obsessed with the possibility of a sentence that could wend its way backward,” and the indelible marks of this friendship rewrite the contours of his life. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Why_We_Need_#TamponsForAll⠀⇛ Have you had a hard time finding tampons recently? You’re not alone. Tampons have been more difficult to come by in recent months especially if you live in certain states, like West Virginia, or have a preferred brand, which many people do. With headlines about tampon shortages, many are looking for answers. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Letters:_Shinzo_Abe’s_Legacy⠀⇛ I hope you will allow me to expand upon some of the points in the article. As the longest-serving prime minister in Japanese history, he was the epitome of Japan’s powerful right-wing political forces. He served as a special adviser to the group Nippon Kaigi (Japan Conference), which claimed that Imperial Japan should be lauded for liberating Asia from Western colonial powers, that the Tokyo war crimes tribunals were illegitimate, and that war crimes such as the Rape of Nanking in 1937 were exaggerated or fabricated. o ⚓ Copenhagen Post ☛ Hang_up_your_claws,_Hedwig!_PostNord_is_testing parcel_deliveries_using_drones⠀⇛ The post service PostNord has been testing parcel deliveries using drones across Zealand. A drone was recently released from a post terminal in Køge, south of Copenhagen, to a private residence in Slagelse in west Zealand – a distance of 50 km. PostNord used a fixed-wing drone, which means it can take off and land like a helicopter, but can fly longer distances like an aeroplane. The drone has a maximum speed of 150 kilometres per hour, but on this occasion its speed did not exceed 100 km/h. In certain weather and wind conditions, it is advised not to travel too fast. o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ 24_Hours_Of_Le_Airplanes⠀⇛ There’s no more famous road endurance race than the 24 Hours of Le Mans, where teams compete to see how far they can drive in a single 24-hour window. The race presents unique challenges not found in other types of racing. While RC airplanes may not have a similar race, [Daniel] a.k.a. [rctestflight] created a similar challenge for himself by attempting to fly an RC airplane non-stop for an entire day, and a whole host of interesting situations cropped up before and during flight. o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_Solar-Powered_Point-and-Shoot,_Circa_1961⠀⇛ Try to put yourself in the place of an engineer tasked with building a camera in 1961. Your specs include making it easy to operate, giving it automatic exposure control, and, oh yeah — you can’t use batteries. How on Earth do you accomplish that? With a very clever mechanism powered by light, as it turns out. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Current_Loop_Extends_Wired_Microphones_Past_1 Km⠀⇛ A problem which beset early telephone engineers was that as the length of their lines increased, so did the distortion of whatever signal they wanted to transmit. This was corrected once they had gained an understanding of the capacitance and inductance of a long cable. The same effects hamper attempts to place microphones on long lines, and [Leo’s Bag of Tricks] has a solution for doing that using Cat5 cable. The application is audio surveillance, but we think the technique is useful enough to have application elsewhere. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Lee Yingtong Li ☛ Big_list_of_medical_abbreviations⠀⇛ Just a big list of medical abbreviations. Note: [...] # ⚓ Tech Reflect ☛ When_Computers_Lived_In_The_Janitor’s Closet⠀⇛ I started school at a pretty exciting time in the history of computers. They were about to transition from being a tool for hobbyists, researchers, and the military to being something that could be brought into schools and even homes. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ 3D_Printing_The_Key_To_A_Bass_Clarinet⠀⇛ Playing music as part of a group typically requires that not only are all of the instruments tuned to each other, but also that the musicians play in a specific key. For some musicians, like pianists and percussionists, this is not terribly difficult as their instruments are easy to play in any key. At the other end of the spectrum would be the diatonic harmonica, which is physically capable of playing in a single key only. Other orchestral instruments, on the other hand, are typically made for a specific key but can transpose into other keys with some effort. But, if you have 3D printed your instrument like this bass clarinet from [Jared], then you can build it to be in whichever key you’d like. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ 4_Ways_the_U.S._Failed_COVID-19_Vaccine Messaging⠀⇛ This has become tougher with each successive vaccination campaign. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Mississippi_Water_Crisis_Is_the_Tip_of_the Global_Disaster_to_Come⠀⇛ Addressing the UN General Assembly last week, Secretary General António Guterres called the climate crisis “our suicidal war against nature.” That war’s devastation can be seen in Jackson, Miss., where four residents have filed a lawsuit against the city for failing to protect the water supply from extreme weather events. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Immoral_&_Sinful”:_Bishop_Barber_Blasts Mississippi_Gov._for_Failing_to_Protect_Jackson’s_Water⠀⇛ We speak with Bishop William Barber of the Poor People’s Campaign to get an update on the water crisis in Jackson, Mississippi, where tens of thousands of residents are still without clean tap water. “It’s an immoral and sinful violation of equal protection under the law and human rights,” says Barber, who led a rally Monday outside the Governor’s Mansion in Jackson demanding the state reverse decades of disinvestment in the majority- Black capital. “Everything we’re talking about was created by bad policy, therefore it can be fixed by good policy.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘We_Have_to_Fight’:_Poor_People’s_Campaign Rallies_for_Clean_Public_Water_in_Jackson⠀⇛ “People are tired of having to wash their babies in poisoned water.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Applauding_Biden_Push_to_End_US_Hunger, Groups_Demand_‘Deeper’_Structural_Reforms⠀⇛ “This strategy builds on existing programs to ensure the food and nutrition security of the millions of Americans who face challenges putting food on the table.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Practice_the_One_Percent_Movements People!⠀⇛ Since then, there have been no mass rallies or marches for universal healthcare. Sporadic demonstrations by a few hundred people on the Capitol steps showed insensitive members, who have their own comprehensive health insurance, the decline of civic energy. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Progressives_Applaud_Biden_for_Lowering Medicare_Part_B_Premiums⠀⇛ According to the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the standard monthly premium for Part B enrollees will be $164.90 in 2023, a decrease of $5.20 from 2022. The annual deductible for all recipients will be $226, a decrease of $7 from this year. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Shameful’:_Steny_Hoyer,_No._2_House Democrat,_Opposes_Stock_Trading_Ban⠀⇛ House Majority Leader Hoyer (D-Md.) reportedly indicated during meetings with colleagues that he intends to vote against a bill that would reform the loophole-ridden STOCK Act when it is brought to the floor, which could happen as soon as this week. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Tedium ☛ The_Execution_of_All_Things⠀⇛ Today in Tedium: Whether the way you roll is .EXE, .APP, or .SH, you most assuredly rely on some executable things in your life as a computer user. Maybe you don’t even realize it—after all, Android and iOS really go out of their way to separate you from the process of direct file execution—iOS with a whole flippin’ App Store. Of course, the nature of execution is such that every type of computer has its own way of doing things, and that way of doing things may not be compatible with any other. As a result, it leads to a lot of incompatiblity over time—some of which we’re talking about today. Continuing on our list of things that didn’t make it, we now lean really hard on once-common file formats that execute things—or, at least, look like they do. Today’s Tedium executes some code. (Got a problem with the list? See the disclaimer.) — Ernie @ Tedium # ⚓ Alan_Alda_and_Atariwriter⠀⇛ Robinson snuck an Easter Egg into the application, so his name would appear when a “certain combination of joystick inputs were entered”. Atari found out and sued Robinson. They settled out of court and removed the Easter Egg. However, a few copies of the original version still exist. # ⚓ AIM ☛ Apple_to_Now_Manufacture_iPhone_14_in_India⠀⇛ Tech Giant Apple Inc has announced the manufacturing of the latest iPhone 14 series in India. The production would take place at the company’s manufacturer, Foxconn‘s Sriperumbudur facility in Chennai. According to a few sources, customers will shortly be able to purchase the made-in-India iPhone 14 as the company ramps production. With increasing customer demand on anticipated features and a wait period of 4-5 weeks, the new models will have an improved camera, and powerful sensors, along with a satellite messaging feature to send SOS texts. As part of the series’ line-up, four models are available including iPhone 14, Plus, Pro and ProMax. o § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Island-Wide_Blackout_Confirms_the_Failure of_LUMA,_the_Newly_Privatized_Electric_Utility_in_Puerto Rico⠀⇛ In the absence of timely territorial and federal relief, community-based organizations in Puerto Rico have filled the gap. One of them, a non-profit in the city of Ponce called Un Nuevo Amanecer (“A New Dawn”) has rushed to provide organizational, clean-up and other services. Formed in 2017 in the wake of the destruction caused by Hurricanes Irma and Maria, the group focuses on the locality of Playa del Ponce, two-thirds of whose residents live in poverty. One of its volunteer leaders is David Southgate, who told me about his concern that “catastrophic homelessness” would be one of the main consequences of the storm. He added: o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ iTWire_–_SA_to_pay_for_new_licences_for_Optus breach_victims⠀⇛ South Australia will pick up the tab for any residents in the state who are affected by the Optus data breach and need to get a new driver’s licence. In a tweet, SA Premier Peter Malinauskas said: “The South Australian State Government will waive the usual replacement fee for South Australians requiring a new driver’s licence as a result of the recent Optus data breach.” NSW Minister for Fair Trading and Digital Government Victor Dominello said affected Optus users in the state would have to pay $29 upfront to replace their licences. # ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ Wolfi_Linux_provides_the_control_needed to_fix_modern_supply_chain_threats⠀⇛ There’s been a massive push for supply chain security in the last few years: integrity protection, vulnerability management, and transparency. This push has left organizations struggling to secure their pipelines and manage vulnerabilities, especially when running in the cloud. Existing tooling doesn’t support supply chain security natively and requires users to bolt on critical features like signatures, provenance, and software bills of material (SBOM). # ⚓ Attacking_Encrypted_HTTP_Communications_|_Pen_Test Partners⠀⇛ The Reolink RLC-520A PoE camera obfuscates its HTTP communication by encrypting the POST body data. This level of security does defend against opportunistic attackers but falls short when defending against persistent attackers. # ⚓ Protocol ☛ Time’s_up:_Microsoft_Exchange_Online_users_face a_key_security_deadline_Saturday [Ed: This_is_not_about security_but_about_more_vendor_lock-in_and_more_NSA surveillance_by_consolidation/centralisation]⠀⇛ Microsoft is about to eliminate a method for logging into its Exchange Online email service that is widely considered vulnerable and outdated, but that some businesses still rely upon. The company has said that as of Oct. 1, it will begin to disable what’s known as “basic authentication” for customers that continue to use the system. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Google’s_Perilous_Plan_for_a_Cloud_Center_in Saudi_Arabia_is_an_Irresponsible_Threat_to_Human Rights⠀⇛ These cloud data centers, which already exist in Jakarta, Tel Aviv, Berlin, Santiago, Chile, London, Los Angeles, and dozens of other cities around the world, are utilized by companies to run all aspects of their businesses. They store data, run databases, and provide IT for corporate human resources, customer service, legal, security, and communications departments. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Dating_Apps_Thrive_in_China,_but_Not Just_for_Romance⠀⇛ Investors have also poured more than $5.3 billion into dating and social networking companies in the country last year, up from $300 million in 2019, according to PitchBook. And China’s largest tech companies, such as ByteDance and Tencent, are testing, acquiring and investing in new apps that promise to bring strangers together. # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Leaking_Passwords_through_the Spellchecker⠀⇛ Sometimes browser spellcheckers leak passwords: [...] # ⚓ Patrick Breyer ☛ [Reposted]_Breyer_on_Europol lawsuit:_Courts_must_protect_us_where_politics_is hostile_to_fundamental_rights⠀⇛ The European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS) is going to court over the EU’s attempt to retroactively legalise large amounts of data Europol illegally collected on unsuspected citizens, including mobile phone and air traveller data. The EDPS is reacting to the heavily criticised Europol reform, which has given the agency broad powers since June 2022. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ TikTok_May_Face_$29_Million_Fine_for Failing_to_Protect_Children’s_Privacy⠀⇛ While the findings are provisional, the legal document sent to TikTok by Britain’s data protection agency, the Information Commissioner’s Office, constitutes a formal notification that regulators intend to impose a fine. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Meta_Sued_For_Tap_Dancing_Around_Apple’s New_App_Privacy_Rules⠀⇛ Last year, Apple received ample coverage about how the company was making privacy easier for its customers by introducing a new, simple, tracking opt-out button for users as part of an iOS 14.5 update. # § Confidentiality⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] REFLOW_Portable_Crypto_Functions [PDF]⠀⇛ Reflow provides a production-ready implementation that is easy to embed in end- to-end encryption applications. By making it possible for multiple parties to anonymously authenticate and produce untraceable signatures, its goal is to leverage privacy- by-design scenarios that minimize the information exchange needed for document authentication. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_War_in_Ukraine_Is_at_a_Decisive_Turning Point⠀⇛ Two recent and dramatic developments suggest that the war in Ukraine has reached a decisive turning point. On the battlefield itself, Ukrainian forces—bolstered by significant deliveries of advanced US and European weapons—have scored a decisive victory in the northern Kharkiv region, freeing over 3,000 square miles of Ukrainian territory from Russian control and decimating the underperforming Russian forces that had been deployed there. Meanwhile, in Moscow, President Vladimir Putin—exhibiting no remorse for his brutal invasion of Ukraine—announced a “partial” mobilization of Russian reserves and warned of horrific, even nuclear responses to any further Western arms aid to Kyiv. With no peace talks currently under way, it appears that the fighting in Ukraine will proceed at ever-increasing levels of violence, with a corresponding increase in human casualties and physical destruction. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Poet_Artem_Kamardin_arrested_and_raped_for_reading anti-war_poetry_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Poet and activist Artem Kamardin, 31, was arrested in Moscow. According to his lawyer Leonid Solovyov, Kamardin was beaten and then raped with dumbbells during a search on September 26th. # ⚓ NPR ☛ Journalists_are_being_trained_to_gather_evidence_of war_crimes_—_starting_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ Investigators appointed by the United Nations have confirmed that Russian armed forces have committed war crimes in Ukraine, including documented cases of civilian executions, torture and sexual violence. But there is another group in a unique position to track atrocities in Ukraine — journalists. The Reckoning Project is a training program that exists to teach journalists not just to collect information for their stories, but also evidence of war crimes that can be used in international courts. One of its creators is a longtime war correspondent, Janine di Giovanni, who joined All Things Considered for an interview to share the significance of expanding war crimes documentation. This interview has been edited for length and clarity. # ⚓ NPR ☛ In_a_big_Jan._6_case,_Oath_Keepers_go_on_trial_for seditious_conspiracy⠀⇛ In the highest-profile prosecution so far stemming from the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, the founder of the Oath Keepers and four others individuals linked to the far-right, anti- government group go on trial Tuesday on seditious conspiracy and other charges stemming from the deadly assault. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Russian_journalist_who_fled_to_Finland:_“Poor_and disadvantaged”_will_be_sent_to_front_lines⠀⇛ Shelin and other Rosbalt journalists now find themselves on a list of people the Kremlin deems have worked for a foreign agent, meaning he could face imprisonment if he returns to his home country. # ⚓ RTL ☛ Erdogan_threatens_Greek_islands_with_invasion_after “provocations”⠀⇛ The Greek ambassador in Ankara was summoned on Monday, and protests were sent to Washington over the presence of military vehicles on Greek islands, in the Aegean, near the Turkish coast. Turkey accused Greece over the presence of US armoured vehicles on two Greek islands in the Aegean. They say these islands should be demilitarised according to ‘international agreements’. Greece branded the move as “completely unfounded and incompatible with international law”. They say international law, gives Greece the right to defend its islands. # ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Why_should_the_sanctions_against_Russia be_lifted_–_if_even_Orbán_voted_for_them?⠀⇛ The Hungarian government is the only EU government actively speaking up against the sanctions on Russia, claiming that they are not working. But what would be the right solution, and why are the Russians bothered by the sanctions if they are not working? We were given a crash course in politics and economy by government MPs. # ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ State_of_danger_may_be_extended_by_180 days_an_indefinite_amount_of_times_from_November⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Why_We_Need_To_Teach_Nuclear War⠀⇛ We do not teach nuclear war, but we need to. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ From_Exodus_to_Marvel:_A_Brief_History_of Hollywood’s_Justification_of_Israeli_War_Crimes⠀⇛ Expectedly, many pro-Palestine activists in the United States and around the world fumed. It is one thing to introduce an ordinary Israeli character, with the mere aim of normalizing Israel, an unrepenting apartheid state, in the eyes of Marvel’s impressionable young audiences; but it is far more sinister to normalize a state intelligence agency, the Mossad, known for its numerous bloody assassinations, sabotage and torture. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Why_Do_Republicans_Support_Sanctions_on Venezuela?⠀⇛ After all, look at how Republicans are railing against the “invasion” of the United States from Latin America. Why, a few years ago, a guy even went on a rampage in El Paso in which he killed several Hispanics because he felt he had a right to kill invaders.  # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Understanding_Libya’s_Relentless Destabilization⠀⇛ Alongside assistance from regional Middle Eastern allies, the NATO-led intervention was successful in helping local militant groups topple Gaddafi, who was later captured and executed in October 2011. Soon after his death, questions were immediately raised about how Libya could be politically restructured and avoid becoming a failed state. After militant groups refused to disarm, they along with their allies began to contest territory and control over Libya’s fragile new national institutions. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Able_Archer_Nuclear_Test:_“The_Greatest Intelligence_Failure_in_U.S._History”⠀⇛ U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General Leonard Perroots, NATO deputy intelligence chief, on duty during the exercise, received reports of the activity but decided not to recommend that NATO nuclear forces mirror the increase. He later said he had a gut feeling nothing was amiss. A later review by the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) said Perroots decision “made in ignorance (was) fortuitous, if ill informed . . . “ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Northern_Ireland:_a_Protestant_State_for_a Protestant_People?_Not_Any_More⠀⇛ The new census figures published on Thursday show that there are 45.7 per cent of people in Northern Ireland with a Catholic background as opposed to 43.5 per cent who are Protestant or belong to other Christian faiths. In 2011, 48 per cent were Protestant and 45 per cent Catholic, but the majority/minority positions were expected to switch in the 2021 census, as has now occurred. # ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ US,_UK_sabotaged_peace_deal_because_they ‘don’t_care_about_Ukraine’:_fmr._NATO_adviser⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘This_was_not_an_accident’:_European_investigators believe_‘unprecedented’_damage_to_Nord_Stream_pipelines_is the_work_of_either_Russia_or_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Nord Stream AG, the operator of the Nord Stream pipeline network, announced Monday evening that three offshore strings of the pipeline system had sustained damage. The strings in question are part of the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines, both of which pass through the Baltic Sea to deliver natural gas from Russia to Germany. According to the company, the incident, which occurred near the Danish island of Bornholm, involved an “unprecedented” level of damage. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Newly_surfaced_document_alleges_Chechen_fighters raped_‘DNR’_soldiers_—_Meduza⠀⇛ In a document published on Telegram, a group of women who are reportedly the wives and mothers of soldiers from the “Donetsk People’s Militia” claim that their relatives were raped by soldiers from Chechnya. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Why_don’t_Russians_march_on_Moscow?_Resisting_the unpopular_draft_requires_coordination,_says_the_political theorist_Vladimir_Gelman_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Following last week’s official announcement of Russia’s mobilization, anti-war protests are once again resulting in thousands of arrests — 2,400 by the present count, as acknowledged by the United Nations. The most heated protests took place in Dagestan, where the police fired machine guns into the air and still could not dispel the crowds. The majority of Russia’s regions, however, did not come close to this kind of protest activity. Meduza in English has summarized Vladimir Gelman’s detailed analysis of protest behavior in Russia. Here is what he has told us about what stifles protest in Russia — in our own condensed retelling. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Literally_incredible_The_results_of_Russian-staged annexation_‘referendums’_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Today was the final day of the vote in the Kremlin- organized “referendums” on the future of several Russian-controlled Ukrainian territories. Results from polling stations located within Russia were reported earlier today by the Interfax, followed by further figures, reported from the regions where “referendums” were held. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ North_Ossetian_authorities_to_limit_traffic_into the_region_amid_crowding_at_border_crossings_—_Meduza⠀⇛ North Ossetian authorities will place restrictions on the number of vehicles that can enter the region. Regional head Sergey Menyailo plans to sign an order imposing the restrictions soon, according to the republic’s official website. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Judge_known_for_dissenting_opinions_resigns_from Russian_Constitutional_Court_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Judge Konstantin Aranovsky has resigned from Russia’s Constitutional Court, according to the court’s official website. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Film_director_Andrey_Zvyagintsev_resigns_from Russian_Oscar_committee_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russian film director Andrey Zvyagintsev has stepped down from his country’s Oscar committee in the wake of the news that the Russian Film Academy will not nominate a film to the upcoming Oscars competition, he told Meduza. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘We_will_solve_this_problem_in_the_interests_of our_country.’_Kazakhstan_to_negotiate_with_Moscow_over increased_Russians_migration._—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Kazakh authorities will hold talks with Russia against the backdrop of the mass arrival of Russian citizens in the republic. Kazakh president Kassym- Jomart Tokayev announced this at a public meeting in the Turkestan Region. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Congressional_Negotiators_Agree_on_$12_Billion in_New_Ukraine_Aid⠀⇛ The funds will be included in a government funding bill. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ openDemocracy_Exclusive:_Weapons_Firms_Install 50_Staff_Inside_UK_Ministry_of_Defense⠀⇛ BAE among arms firms paying Ministry of Defence staff’s salaries while winning lucrative contracts. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_locals_treat_us_like_refugees_—_and_they’re right’_In_his_own_words,_a_Russian_man_recalls_fleeing_to Kazakhstan_to_evade_the_draft_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Patriarch_Kirill_expects_‘spiritual_mobilization’ from_Russia’s_Orthodox_Christians_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Following a liturgy at the Moscow Christ the Savior cathedral, Patriarch Kirill, head of the Russian Orthodox church, gave a sermon exhorting Russia’s Orthodox Christians towards “spiritual mobilization.” According to the church authority, this will assist in the “compete reconciliation of Russia and Ukraine.” The Interfax quotes the church hierarch’s sermon: # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_man_paddleboards_into_Estonia_to_escape draft_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Estonian border agents arrested a 38-year-old Russian citizen for illegally crossing the border between the two countries in an attempt to avoid mobilization, Estonian migration official Eerik Purgel said on Tuesday. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ 1,000_Deaths_In_Custody_Went_Unreported_Last Year_Because_US_Justice_System_Doesn’t_Care_About_The_People It_Jails⠀⇛ Tossing people into prison is throwing them away. They’re no longer real human beings. They’re just items being processed, moved through the system at whatever pace the system feels is appropriate. And once you’ve begun dehumanizing the people in your care, you can easily stop caring about them. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Prisoners_Forced_to_Work_for_Showers_Are_Now Being_Punished_for_Taking_Them⠀⇛ For the past 20 years, Steven Brooks has worked various jobs behind bars in California’s prisons in exchange for a shower. Before the pandemic, under severe drought conditions, Steven found this arrangement unhygienic, but in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic and overcrowding in prisons, the 50-year-old has found it to be inhumane. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Human_rights_activists_say_mobilized_Russians being_taken_to_front_without_training_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The First Department human rights organization claims that mobilized Russians are being taken to the front without any training. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘A_Really_Big_Hole’:_Sabotage_Suspected_as Nord_Stream_Pipelines_Spew_Methane⠀⇛ “The damage that occurred in one day simultaneously at three lines of offshore pipelines of the Nord Stream system is unprecedented,” Nord Stream AG, the Switzerland-based company that operates Nord Stream 1 and the not-yet-complete Nord Stream 2 pipeline, which still contains gas. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Marvel_Heads_Revealed_to_Be_Closely_Connected to_Israeli_Intelligence⠀⇛ With Marvel’s U.S. military propaganda in full swing, it seems the studio is now turning its focus to Israeli nationalism. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘There_aren’t_enough_tourniquets_for_all_of_you’ The_Russian_army_through_the_eyes_of_new_conscripts_— Meduza⠀⇛ o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Shadowproof ☛ Biogen_Whistleblower_Lawsuit_Against_Massive Kickback_Scheme_Ends_In_Huge_Settlement⠀⇛ Bawduniak informed two Biogen executives that if he compiled information on the doctors it would “make it clear that Biogen was making payments for prescriptions.” Still, one of the executives who had asked for the information pressed on with their requests and eventually obtained it from other sources.In February 2011, Bawduniak was demoted to “thought leader liaison” and no longer directly received reports on “at risk” doctors. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Citizens,_Sheriff_Force_County_Judge_To_Withdraw Unconstitutional_Order_Forbidding_Filming_In_Front_Of_The Courthouse⠀⇛ Judges have plenty of power, especially local judges who can run their jurisdiction as they see fit without fearing too much pushback from higher courts, residents, or area law enforcement. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ The Economist ☛ “Silent_Spring”_remains_a_rousing_call_to action⠀⇛ She charted the damage wreaked by DDT on ecosystems in North America in meticulous detail, citing numerous studies. After the insecticide was used in British Columbia in 1957, salmon populations in four major rivers were all but wiped out. The impact of DDT on birds was equally devastating. The chemical remained in the environment and moved up the food chain, poisoning birds who gobbled contaminated fish. Reports from around America found that bald eagles were struggling to reproduce. America’s national symbol “seems to be on the verge of extinction”, Carson wrote. Nor was it only fish and fowl that were at risk. DDT was a health threat to humans too, Carson explained. The toxic chemical accumulates in the body and has been linked to cancer and other illnesses. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ What_the_Climate_Movement_Can_Learn_From Collective_Trauma_Healing⠀⇛ But this week she will address a theme, rarely mentioned in U.N. negotiations, that she sees as the hidden culprit behind 30 years of missed chances to confront the climate crisis: the legacy of collective trauma.  # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_To_Confront_the_Climate_Crisis, Universities_Must_Refuse_Fossil_Fuel_Industry_Funding⠀⇛ After a summer of record-breaking heat waves sweeping the northern hemisphere from Europe to China to California and while environmental justice advocates debate the merits of climate provisions of the landmark Inflation Reduction Act passed by the U.S. Congress, there’s another critical, if less well known, front opening in the struggle to support climate action. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Connecting_the_Dots_Between_Climate Devastation_and_Fossil_Fuel_Profits⠀⇛ Zulfiqar Kunbhar, a Karachi-based journalist with expertise in climate coverage, explains that “things are very critical” in the rain-affected areas of his nation. Kunbhar has been visiting impacted regions and has seen firsthand the massive “agricultural loss and livelihood loss” among Pakistan’s farming communities. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Breaching_Human_Rights:_Australia,_Climate Change_and_the_Torres_Strait_Islands⠀⇛ The then Australian Human Rights Commissioner Edward Santow was left red-faced in making his responding remarks.  “The core message from the UN Human Rights Committee was that we must work harder and smarter to protect the human rights of all people in Australia.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Florida_Told_to_Brace_for_Deadly_Impact_as Ian_Expected_to_Become_Category_4_Hurricane⠀⇛ “If you’re good at prayer put Tampa on your list—the worst-case scenarios for Ian are haunting.” # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ DC_Protests_Highlight_US_Climate_Opposition_to Manchin_Deal,_World_Bank_Head⠀⇛ Author and environmentalist Bill McKibben, who spoke at both rallies, told DeSmog, “The thing we desperately need to do, according to every scientist, is use less fossil fuel. Why we would make it easier to build more fossil fuel projects, it’s just craziness. There’s no logical argument for it. Their only argument for it is ‘I’ve got enough money and political power to push it through.’ But that’s not an argument, that’s just power.” # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Japan_Wants_To_Decarbonize_With_The_Help_Of Ammonia⠀⇛ With climate change concerns front of mind, the world is desperate to get to net-zero carbon output as soon as possible. While direct electrification is becoming popular for regular passenger cars, it’s not yet practical for more energy-intensive applications like aircraft or intercontinental shipping. Thus, the hunt has been on for cleaner replacements for conventional fossil fuels. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ C.E.O._of_Celsius,_the_ [Cryptocurrency]_Bank,_Resigns⠀⇛ Alex Mashinsky, who founded the cryptocurrency company Celsius Network, which filed for bankruptcy in July, said on Tuesday that he was resigning as chief executive. Chris Ferraro, Celsius’s chief financial officer, will serve as Mr. Mashinsky’s interim replacement, the company said in a statement. # ⚓ Tedium ☛ Riding_for_Your_Life⠀⇛ Hiding in plain sight, however, is the staggering number of e-bike repair shops that dot the city. Like this one on 53rd St. on the east side of Manhattan: [...] # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ 15K_Miles_of_New_Oil_Pipelines Worldwide_Show_‘Almost_Deliberate_Failure_to_Meet Climate_Goals’⠀⇛ Titled Crude Awakening: Oil Pipelines in Development Across the Globe, the new report from Global Energy Monitor (GEM) finds that the United States is currently pursuing more new oil pipeline capacity by length than any other country, with a total of around 1,700 miles of pipelines either proposed or already under construction. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Big_Business_Lobby_Backs_Manchin_Effort_to Salvage_Fossil_Fuel_Permitting_Deal⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘People_Power_Has_Won_The_Day’: Manchin_Dirty_Deal_Defeated⠀⇛ Climate campaigners and people on the frontlines of the planetary emergency celebrated Tuesday after Sen. Joe Manchin requested that his fossil fuel-friendly permitting reforms be stripped out of a stopgap funding bill. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Emissions_Unleashed_by_Manchin_Deal Would_‘Wipe_Out’_Any_Climate_Gains:_Analysis⠀⇛ “Striking as they are, these numbers are likely an underestimate of the total emissions the permitting legislation would unlock.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Big_Business_Lobby_Endorses Permitting_Overhaul_as_Manchin_Tries_to_Salvage_Dirty Deal⠀⇛ Ahead of an expected procedural vote on Tuesday, the Chamber’s Executive Vice President and Chief Policy Officer Neil Bradley said in a statement that Manchin (D- W.Va.) “has crafted thoughtful legislation that makes material improvements to the permitting process and can pass Congress right now.” # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Restortification_of_Holland Lake⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Law_of_Cows⠀⇛ The law of cows regulates the exploitation, maltreatment, cruelty, and yearly murder of over three hundred million cows worldwide. (Pigs top the slaughter list, with more than 1.5 billion heads). In many countries, livestock laws are ineffective or remain unenforced. The cattle furnish the meat, milk, and cowhides supply shoes, wallets, jackets, belts, and furniture. “Mother cow is as useful dead as when she is alive.” Gandhi. Most states exempt cattle from animal cruelty laws, allowing the branding, removing of horns and tails, and castration of male cattle. Nature has endowed cows with milk to feed their young, but humans control the cows, constantly impregnate them, and ween off their calves quickly to divert milk for human consumption. Some humans prefer the tender meat of the young over that of their parents. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_China_Targets_the_Global_Fish Supply⠀⇛ In the summer of 2020, the conservation group Oceana counted nearly 300 Chinese ships operating near the Galápagos, just outside Ecuador’s exclusive economic zone, the 200 nautical miles off its territory where it maintains rights to natural resources under the Law of the Sea Treaty. The ships hugged the zone so tightly that satellite mapping of their positions traced the zone’s boundary. Together, they accounted for nearly 99 percent of the fishing near the Galápagos. No other country came close. “Our sea can’t handle this pressure anymore,” said Alberto Andrade, a fisherman from the Galápagos. The presence of so many Chinese vessels, he added, has made it harder for local fishermen inside Ecuador’s territorial waters, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that inspired Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Humanity_Will_Eat_Itself_Through Violence,_War,_Hatred_and_Neglect⠀⇛ o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Student_Debt_Cancellation_Will_Help_Rural Communities_Too⠀⇛ Last month, President Biden announced his plan to erase $10,000 in student debt for borrowers who earn less than $125,000 per year, with an additional $10,000 for Pell Grant recipients, a form of aid awarded to low-income families with exceptional financial need. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Suit_Against_Student_Debt_Relief_Slammed_as ‘Transparently_Frivolous_Publicity_Stunt’⠀⇛ Frank Garrison, a lawyer at the right-wing Pacific Legal Foundation, filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana arguing that Biden’s debt cancellation plan will have “untold economic impacts” on Americans like him and claiming he will now be forced to have his student debt canceled and then taxed. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Rise_of_Trussonomics⠀⇛ Cuts have been promised across the board, from income tax to stamp duty on home purchases.  The 45% additional rate of income tax for those earning above £150,000 will be scrapped, leaving the rate of 40% for those having incomes above £50,271.  A cut in the basic rate of income tax from 20% to 19% will be brought forward to April 2023.  Corporation tax would remain at 19%, and not increased to 25% as had been initially planned. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ After_the_Royal_Psychodrama,_the_Tory Neoliberal_Class_War_Resumes⠀⇛ The budget’s key features… # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ What_Lessons_Can_We_Draw_From_the_Time_the Wealthy_Fled_New_York?⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Biden_Promised_“Good-Paying_Union_Jobs,”_But_It Will_Take_Organizing_to_Get_Them⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Search_for_Dirt_on_the_Twitter_Whistle- Blower⠀⇛ Hours earlier, CNN and the Washington Post had reported that Twitter’s former head of security, Peiter (Mudge) Zatko, had filed a whistle-blower disclosure to federal agencies, accusing the social-media platform of reckless security practices. Zatko’s sweeping claims, if proven, could aid Elon Musk in his attempt to terminate his forty-four-billion-dollar agreement to acquire Twitter, a legal fight with implications of billions of dollars for investors. The dozens of e- mails and LinkedIn messages received by people in Zatko’s professional orbit appeared to be mostly from research-and-advisory companies, part of a burgeoning industry whose clients include investment firms and individuals jockeying for financial advantage through information. At least six research outfits—Gerson Lehrman Group (G.L.G.), AlphaSights, Mosaic Research Management, Ridgetop Research, Coleman Research Group, and Guidepoint—approached former colleagues of Zatko’s at Stripe, Google, and the Pentagon research agency DARPA. All offered to pay for information, sometimes noting that the compensation would be high or apparently unrestricted. At least two investment firms, Farallon Capital Management L.L.C. and Pentwater Capital Management L.P., also sought information from individuals close to Zatko. An associate at AlphaSights reached out to Wasserman via e-mail. She did not identify her firm’s client, but she wrote that they wanted to understand Zatko’s “personality, leadership style, validity and history.” She added, “We compensate well because we know this is a difficult and confusing ask at first.” Another Stripe veteran, Jaclyn Schoof, wrote to the Slack group that she had received the same offer from AlphaSights. “They said they didn’t care how much it would cost them… seems really weird,” she said. A fourth member of the group, Niels Provos, who had worked with Zatko at Google and was later persuaded by him to fill his role at Stripe, received offers of payment from AlphaSights, as well as from two other firms, Farallon and Mosaic. “They were happy to pay $1000/ hr when I was fishing for more information,” he wrote, of Farallon’s consultant. (A spokesperson for Farallon said that payment was discussed only after Provos broached the subject.) [...] None of the members of the Stripe chat who spoke with me said that they accepted payment or agreed to speak to the firms about Zatko, and all said they wished to defend his credibility. For Zatko, the inquiries have been another source of anxiety in a dizzying period that has thrust him into an intense spotlight. He has been simultaneously preparing for his upcoming Congressional testimony—to which he has devoted long hours of preparation in recent days—and for a deposition in the Musk trial. “When I decided to become a lawful whistle-blower, I knew my claims would be aggressively scrutinized, and I welcome that,” he told me. “What I didn’t expect and find so disappointing are the anonymously sourced ad- hominem attacks—and especially the harassment of our friends, to find new ways to disparage and undermine us.” # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ America’s_False_Idols:_Today’s_tech billionaires_think_they’re_self-made_geniuses_who_deserve veneration._But_we_don’t_have_to_believe_that.⠀⇛ What turns this from bad to terrible, what makes it un-American, is that these advantages are becoming entrenched. The elites are digging in, protecting their growing fortunes from the risks of the very markets they claim to support. Bailouts, tax breaks, and subsidies are the tools of entrenchment. For those at the top, our capitalism has become cronyism: rugged individualism on the way up, but socialism on the way down. Value is now so concentrated in the tech sector that six companies—Meta (Facebook), Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google, and Microsoft—accounted for more than 20 percent of the S&P 500 by the summer of 2021. Stock valuations used to be about a company’s fundamentals and technicals. Now they’re about storytelling and vision, which the CEO concocts and the media propagates. The result? Shares in virtually bankrupt companies such as AMC and Hertz spiked in huge trading volume in 2021, and three electric-vehicle firms—Tesla, Lucid, and Rivian—were together worth more than the rest of the auto and the airline industries combined. Until very recently, going public implied the transition of a company from a benevolent dictatorship to a republic, where ownership is distributed and decision-making power lies in an elected body (the board). This is less and less the case in tech. Company insiders, usually the founders and the principal venture capitalists, are securing unprecedented control of the public companies that employ them. # ⚓ Cendyne Naga ☛ How_to_convince_leadership_to_improve security⠀⇛ If you do not want to experience a breach like Uber, you need buy in from leadership (the chief officers) to improve your organization’s security. Pointing at Uber has been highly effective, but it is not enough to just say “we can’t be like them!” – leadership already thinks that. Instead, you need to understand the risks that the example suffered and produce tailored recommendations to reduce those risks. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Meta_Removes_Chinese_Effort_to_Influence U.S._Elections⠀⇛ The fake posts began appearing on Facebook and Instagram, as well as on Twitter, in November, using profile pictures of men in formal attire but the names of women, according to the company’s report. The users later posed as conservative Americans, promoting gun rights and opposition to abortion, while criticizing President Biden. By April, they mostly presented themselves as liberals from Florida, Texas and California, opposing guns and promoting reproductive rights. They mangled the English language and failed to attract many followers. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Jared_Kushner’s_Firm_to_Pay_$3.25M_for Deceiving,_Cheating_Tenants_in_Baltimore⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Jared_Kushner’s_Firm_to_Pay_$3.25M_for Deceiving_&_Cheating_Tenants_in_Baltimore’s_“Kushnerville”⠀⇛ A property management company partly owned by Donald Trump’s son-in-law Jared Kushner has agreed to pay a $3.25 million fine to the state of Maryland and to reimburse potentially tens of thousands of tenants in Baltimore. The state of Maryland sued the Kushner-owned company after ProPublica published a 2017 investigation that exposed how the company hounded low-income tenants with a barrage of lawsuits, eviction notices and late fees — even when residents had the legal right to continue living there. We speak with Alec MacGillis, the author of the 2017 ProPublica report, who describes how Kushner was the leading architect in the housing scandal that left many residents paying for uninhabitable units riddled with pests and sewage issues. He says while the settlement is a “relative pittance” for Kushner, it has delivered some “solid form of accountability” for his company’s wrongdoings, and the money will likely make a difference in the lives of those tenants who were harmed. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Philly_Residents_Organize_to_Block Evictions_in_University_City_Townhomes_&_Preserve_Affordable Housing⠀⇛ Low-income Black and Brown housing activists in Philadelphia are fighting to stop the displacement of residents who live in an affordable housing complex in the largely gentrified neighborhood of University City. The complex, known as University City Townhomes, was built to provide affordable housing to low-income residents, many of whom are elderly and disabled, but the property owner has since announced plans to redevelop the property, which is near the University of Pennsylvania and Drexel University. We speak with University City Townhomes residents Rasheda Alexander and Sheldon Davids, who have held months of encampments and protests alongside William Barber, president of Repairers of the Breach and co-chair of the Poor People’s Campaign. “It was always about greed and money and racism,” says Barber, who notes the move to redevelop the complex is part of a larger assault on poor people and housing services in the United States. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Brazil’s_Election_Will_Be Decisive_for_Indigenous_People,_the_Environment,_and_the Climate_Crisis⠀⇛ Over the past two decades, the expansion of cattle ranching and industrial agriculture in Brazil, especially soybean monocultures, has been devastating. Between 1985 and 2020, the Brazilian Amazon lost around 82 million hectares of natural vegetation, including 53 million hectares of forests. Coincidentally, during this time, agricultural land rose to more than 81 million hectares within the country. In 2020 alone, Brazil lost 2.4 million hectares of savanna, of which 40 percent were in protected areas. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Casting_a_Discerning_Eye_on_Political Theater⠀⇛ By itself, the term “political theater” carries no moral valence. Whatever valence it does carry derives from a performance’s adherence to truthfulness and from the alignment of its messaging with the methods used to put it together. When acts of nonviolent civil disobedience incorporate dramatic dimensions (actors, scenes, conflict, audience) to communicate political messages, they can certainly be considered as forms of political theater. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_GOP’s_MAGA_Campaigns_Aren’t_Going_So Well⠀⇛ The reasons go on and on but the bottom line remains the same — if you’re not with us, you’re against us. But lo and behold, it would appear there are far more voters who are not marching in goose-step with the MAGA crowd, and who believe in tolerance, acceptance, and common humanity. And that’s causing Congressional Republicans to distance themselves from those positions. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ McConnell_Gushes_Over_Sinema_as_She_Seeks_to Hand_GOP_Even_More_Filibuster_Power⠀⇛ # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trump’s_Heartless_QAnon_Embrace⠀⇛ Trump is making it much harder for people to leave that world, because the man they admire most is endorsing all their wild, violently millenarian fantasies. “It blows away the doubt,” said Rothschild. Much was made in 2016 of Hillary Clinton calling Trump supporters “deplorables.” But few have demonstrated as much contempt for the people who love Trump as Trump has himself. # ⚓ NPR ☛ Brazilians_are_about_to_vote._And_they’re dealing_with_familiar_viral_election_lies⠀⇛ The ability to forward encrypted messages thousands of times to big WhatsApp groups helped hoaxes like that one take off like wildfire. Marketing groups scraped phone numbers and sold campaigns the ability to send hundreds of thousands of WhatApp messages at a time, Campos Mello reported. A study in the weeks leading up to the 2018 vote found half of the most widely shared images in popular political groups on the app were false or misleading. # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ How_the_false_rumor_of_a Chinese_coup_went_viral⠀⇛ But it’s interesting to dissect how a ridiculous rumor could be elevated and spread so widely that it made it to Twitter’s deeply flawed trending list over the weekend. So today I’ll trace it back to its roots and unpack how it gained traction. The story basically went through three stages, brewing in Chinese circles before being translated into English by influencers opposed to the Chinese government and finally being amplified by Indian Twitter accounts. # ⚓ RTL ☛ Scientists_urge_top_publisher_to_withdraw faulty_climate_study⠀⇛ Four prominent climate scientists contacted by AFP all said the study — of which they had been unaware — grossly manipulates data, cherry picking some facts and ignoring others that would contradict their discredited assertions. “The paper gives the appearance of being specifically written to make the case that there is no climate crisis, rather than presenting an objective, comprehensive, up- to-date assessment,” said Richard Betts, Head of Climate Impacts Research at Britain’s Met Office. The authors ignore the authoritative Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change (IPCC) report published a couple of months before their study was submitted to Springer Nature, Betts noted. # ⚓ Taiwan News ☛ Photo_of_the_Day:_Taiwanese_compare Pooh_in_a_bottle_to_Xi_‘coup’_in_Beijing⠀⇛ However, there have not been any credible reports of a coup actually taking place in Beijing or of Xi being placed in detention, other than possibly undergoing home quarantine after his trip to Central Asia the previous week. Nevertheless, Taiwanese netizens joked that the Poohs inside the bottles were meant to commemorate Xi’s capture. Before much discussion on the products could take place on Weibo, keyword phrases such as Winnie the Pooh Afternoon Black Tea were quickly blocked by Chinese censors. The cartoon character has been banned in China for years because of joking comparisons of Xi to the chubby little cubby all stuffed with fluff. # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ Conservatives_Are_Lying_About_Schools Teaching_8-Year-Olds_‘Porn_Literacy’⠀⇛ The claim that Idaho schools are teaching children “porn literacy” was catnip to people like Christopher Rufo, a right-wing activist who invented the panic over critical race theory; and Chaya Raichik, the creator of the far-right account Libs of TikTok. Both Rufo and Raichik promoted claims the Idaho Freedom Foundation’s claims, with the Libs of TikTok account tweeting that “Idaho state is using tax dollars to teach 8-year-olds ‘porn literacy.’” The rumor even made it all the way to Laura Ingraham, who regurgitated it on her Fox News show. “Over the years, right under parents’ noses, these deviant organizations burrowed into our culture and into our schools. They vacuumed up multimillion dollar contracts to flood our schools with values that are directly at odds with what most parents are teaching their children at home.” (For what it’s worth, more than 89 percent of parents of high school students support some form of sex education in schools regardless of their political affiliation, according to a 2017 study polling more than 1,600 parents.) o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Techdirt_Podcast_Episode_331:_Kiwi_Farms, Cloudflare,_And_Infrastructure_Content_Moderation⠀⇛ When Mike wrote a post digging into some of the complex questions surrounding Cloudflare banning Kiwi Farms, there was plenty of backlash and disagreement — much of it thoughtful and well worth engaging with. Among the strongest critics was lawyer Mike Dunford, who composed a detailed Twitter thread that lead to a lengthy back-and- forth. This week, he joins us on the podcast to continue the conversation and discuss the welcome death of Kiwi Farms as well as broader issues of content moderation at the infrastructure layer. # ⚓ OONI ☛ Iran_blocks_social_media,_app_stores_and_encrypted DNS_amid_Mahsa_Amini_protests⠀⇛ Protests erupted in Iran over the last week following the death of Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman who was reportedly beaten to death by Iran’s morality police for allegedly violating strict hijab rules. Amid the ongoing protests, which have reportedly resulted in at least 31 civilian deaths, Iranian authorities cracked down on the internet in an attempt to curb dissent. Over the past week, Iran experienced severe mobile network outages, in addition to increased levels of internet censorship. In this report, we share OONI network measurement findings from Iran on the blocking of WhatsApp, Instagram, Linkedin, Skype, Google Play Store, Apple App Store, and encrypted DNS (DNS over HTTPS). We also share IODA and Cloudflare Radar data on mobile network outages over the last few days. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_On_Burning_Books,_Burning_Book Publishers,_and_Me⠀⇛ No one listened better than Studs.  For those of you old enough to remember, that’s Studs Terkel, of course. The most notable thing about him in person, though, was this: the greatest interviewer of his moment, perhaps of any moment, never stopped talking, except, of course, when he was listening to produce one of his memorable bestselling oral histories — he essentially created the form — ranging from Working and Hard Times to The Good War. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ There_Are_Real_Threats_To_Free_Speech Everywhere._Cancel_Culture_Is_Far_Down_The_List⠀⇛ I’ve written a few times lately about the overreaction many people seem to have to claims that “cancel culture” is a “threat to free speech.” Obviously, there are some examples of people overreacting to speech they dislike, but more often than not, the claims of “cancel culture” are really assholes upset that they’re being held accountable for being assholes. Even in the few cases that do appear to be unjust overreactions to speech, it feels like the people who make the biggest deal about it are actually those who are hiding behind those rare legitimate cases to hide their own fear of facing consequences for their own speech. A friend has referred to this as “cancelled man syndrome,” in which people who know they’re spewing questionable nonsense are scared to death of finally being called on it. It’s perhaps a close relation to “imposter syndrome,” but rather than having to just deal with your internal insecurities, you deal with it by insisting it’s unfair for people to criticize you too vocally. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘It_was_impossible_not_to_hear’:_Poet_Artem Kamardin_was_reportedly_beaten_and_raped_by_Russian_police. We_spoke_to_his_roommate._—_Meduza⠀⇛ On September 26, Russian police showed up at the home of 31-year-old Moscow poet Artem Kamardin. After ransacking the apartment, officers proceeded to beat Kamardin, his girlfriend, Alexandra Popova, and their roommate, Alexander Menyukov. According to Kamardin’s lawyer, police also raped the poet with a dumbbell — not at the police station, but in his own home. Kamardin is currently still in police custody, and a criminal case has been opened against him for reciting anti-war poetry at an anti-mobilization event on Sunday. Meduza spoke to Kamardin’s roommate, Alexander Menyukov, who has now been released and is considered a witness in Kamardin’s case. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Suspect_Detained_in_Poland_in_Dutch_Reporter’s Slaying⠀⇛ Two men were arrested near The Hague soon after De Vries were shot and are on trial for his murder. Prosecutors have sought life sentences for both. One of them is a Polish national, Kamil E., who was the alleged getaway driver. Another Polish national was arrested in July on suspicion of instructing the two men who carried out the hit. Two other suspects were arrested in Spain and Curacao on the same day. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Is_UPS_Retaliating_Against_Union_Activists?⠀⇛ Arlin is one of at least four Teamsters who say UPS fired them for their union work, and one of several who told me that, although harassment is common at the company, retaliation against activists is intensifying ahead of a new labor contract campaign. The current collective bargaining agreement covering the nearly 350,000 workers in the largest private-sector shop in the country will expire in July 2023. The newly elected Teamsters leadership has said the union is willing to strike if its demands aren’t met. (The last national strike by UPS workers, in 1997, brought the union significant wins, including the largest wage increases in the company’s history.) # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Women!_Life!_Freedom!”_Iranian_Women_Lead Nationwide_Protests_After_Death_of_Mahsa_Amini⠀⇛ Dozens of people in Iran have been killed in a series of escalating women-led protests demanding justice for Mahsa Amini, a 22-year-old Kurdish woman who died in the custody of the so-called morality police. Amini was detained on September 13 for allegedly leaving some of her hair visible in violation of Iran’s hijab law. Iranian American writer Hoda Katebi calls the protests “exciting and beautiful,” bringing together women from across economic and ethnic backgrounds and opening up conversations about the policing of women’s bodies. She says the government is using the protests to “advance nationalist ideas,” crack down on Kurdish communities and propel a false narrative of an uprising against Islam. Katebi’s recent piece for the Los Angeles Times is titled “Iranian women are rising up to demand freedom. Are we listening?” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ UN_Human_Rights_Office_‘Deeply_Disturbed’ by_Arrests_of_Anti-War_Protesters_in_Russia⠀⇛ “Arresting people solely for exercising their rights of peaceful assembly and freedom of expression constitutes an arbitrary deprivation of liberty.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ University_of_Idaho_Employees_Warned_Not_to Discuss_Abortion_or_Provide_Birth_Control⠀⇛ “Human rights are interdependent, and the fall of Roe v. Wade sets in motion a dangerous array of consequences that will cascade far beyond the gutting of abortion rights.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Introducing_Giorgia_Meloni:_How_the_US Opened_the_Door_for_Fascism’s_Return_to_Italy⠀⇛ Italy has become like a country of spoiled children that has lost its identity. It has been colonised and lobotomised by multinational corporate interests, the mythological concept of the American dream, mass consumerism, US/NATO dictated militarism, and a crass materialism. For almost 30 years, from Berlusconi’s first election in 1994 and even going back to the post WW2 era when the United States asserted its sphere of influence by steamrolling an anti-communist agenda in order to maintain geopolitical control over the peninsula, Italy has been slowly but steadily pulling out its historic roots and erasing its historical memory. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Christian_White_Supremacy_Rising:_The Fascist_Connection⠀⇛ The lion’s share of book bans are in GOP and battleground states, most prominently in Texas, Florida, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania. The bans target books concentrating on issues related to race and anti-racism, sexism and anti-sexism, and LGBTQ identity and prejudice. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Fear_of_a_Majority_Faction⠀⇛ Famously, there is no right to housing in the USA. So there you go. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Victory_in_Cuba_–_New_Family_Code_Affirms Equality_within_Family_Life⠀⇛ The opportunity came in 2018. A Constituent Assembly that year undertook extensive alterations of the 1976 Constitution. In the process – It became really a new Constitution – opposition cropped up in the Assembly and in public consultations to provisions in the proposed Family Code, specifically authorization of same-sex marriages and allowance for gay people to adopt children. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ “Art_as_Solidarity”_and_Little_Amal⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Florida_Mail_Carriers_Win_Back_Sunday_Breaks With_Direct_Action⠀⇛ o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] The Register UK ☛ Choosing_a_non-Windows_OS_on_Lenovo Secured-core_PCs_is_trickier_than_it_should_be⠀⇛ Matthew Garrett, an information security architect, was keen to check out Lenovo’s latest Pluton- equipped wares but found himself unable to boot Linux from a USB stick “for no obvious reason.” Pluton is Microsoft’s latest effort to secure PCs and can act as both a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) or as a non-TPM security co-processor. It emerged in 2020, with Microsoft saying Intel, AMD, and Qualcomm were all onboard. While Acer launched tech with the kit in May, Dell is not keen and Lenovo started the year saying it wouldn’t be turned on by default. A Microsoft spokesperson told The Register in January that using the tech with Linux was “an unsupported scenario.” o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Tariffs_and_Government_Granted_Patent Monopolies_Lead_to_Corruption⠀⇛ It’s the same story with government-granted patent monopolies on prescription drugs, except the effective tariffs are much larger, as is the amount of money at issue. Patent monopolies on prescription drugs can often raise the price of a drug by 20 or 30 times the free market price, making them equivalent to tariffs of 2000—3000 percent. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon_Musk_Remains_Exactly_Correct_About Patents:_They’re_For_The_Weak⠀⇛ While we’ve been criticizing some of Elon Musk’s actions and statements lately, we still stand by what we’ve said for years: that his view on patents is entirely, unquestionably, correct. In 2014, he pledged to open up all of Tesla’s patents. And when some investors insisted he didn’t really mean it, he clarified that he absolutely mean that anyone should just use anything they find in Tesla’s patents. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ RFA ☛ Japanese_art_platform_hits_back_at_Chinese pirates_with_banned_political_keywords⠀⇛ A Japanese art and manga website that was cloned by Chinese pirates has hit back by encoding forbidden keywords and hashtags banned by Chinese censors into its code, prompting the authorities to shut the pirated version down. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ AnyStories_Drags_Cloudflare_to_the Copyright_Claims_Board_Over_Pirate_Site⠀⇛ Popular reading app AnyStories has filed a complaint against Cloudflare at the Copyright Claims Board. According to the Singaporean company, Cloudflare should be required to take action against customers who operate pirate sites, even if it doesn’t host the content. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Anti-Piracy_Outfit_Rightscorp_Hit With_$15m_Lawsuit_After_Sale_Went_Wrong⠀⇛ Rightscorp, whose data supports several major copyright infringement liability lawsuits against ISPs, has been hit with a $15m lawsuit. Plaintiff American Films, which previously claimed to have acquired the US operations of notorious ‘copyright troll’ outfit GuardaLey, says Rightscorp dangled an acquisition offer and then used confidential information to make bank. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ Growth⠀⇛ The increase in output itself makes for an escalation in human aspirations, and thus negates the expected positive impact on welfare. . . If the view suggested here has merit, economic growth does not raise a society to some ultimate state of plenty. Rather, the growth process itself engenders ever-growing wants that lead it ever onward. – Richard Easterlin # ⚓ Hard_Determinism⠀⇛ Hard determinism, as described in the book, states that everything is determined by past events. It is not clear from the book if it’s meant to be applied only to the physical world, beings’ behaviour, or both, but it treats only human behaviour. Applied to human behaviour, the idea holds that we have no effect in future events, because we cannot do anything other than what we’re predetermined to do, essentially meaning that we have no free will. o § Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ On_Politics⠀⇛ It has always been thus. Nothing new under the sun. US politics is a messy business. The divisions in the 19th century were even sharper than they are now, and they didn’t have the Internet. There were instances of legislators using violence against one another, not just cruel words. I do suspect however that the US is about 10 minutes away from a second civil war. Compromise is really over-rated. Ever heard of the three-fifths compromise in the Constitution? How about the Missouri Compromise? If you think politics is like a sports match today, you should look up the Nika Riots on Wikipedia. I remember when we covered them in one of my college history courses, and I was like, “Holy shit! That is so modern!” o § Technical⠀➾ # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Welcome!⠀⇛ Hi everyone! Welcome to my gemlog. I’m excited to share the random things I like to work on with you all! I guess I should tell you all a bit about me. I’m a recent college graduate who loves music, technology, video games and Magic: The Gathering. # § Programming⠀➾ # ⚓ Extreme-Forth_Musings⠀⇛ Forth is a curious animal, especially when stripped down to the minimum. Forth has no syntax. The input is a list of words and literals. The tokenization/ compilation of the source is normally a linear process (that is, procedure calls just compile tokens that will invoke the procedure when executed); however immediate words can take over the parsing process and do whatever they want. It is tempting to create a higher-level syntax with words like IF … THEN and even ELSE, which fuckles the data IF leaves on the stack during compilation and rearranges the targets of jumps. This is cool when you first see it, but… =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 7219 ➮ Generation completed at 02:45, i.e. 105 seconds to (re)generate ⟲