𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, February 14, 2023 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Wed 15 Feb 02:41:10 GMT 2023 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmTbEVdKr9BDpRERsQf4pzrxBWAxqYjWiz4D7tHPWP23Xr QmTzU5jib61mC1u41k5rv8ogSts3JaWyjewoajVPD5g57m QmVtrAasZaunyUmUK2Ux1CtNtbdMWCLBTYQzmeLrKKykBg QmYV3WS2gpVGuPpGL214RmMcjMk45cBmmXgM7VBxCDEv4H QmamtVaJ1jkVqwTRHeheoiVfr7r3ijZpHVWct6WE9FvhVN QmbFDooXZn997QjZY3cCKWM82PnZJjTTiaSSMufBXjiNXP QmXU8EhJFQRtv8o2V6scWUz5kebeKRmyZa6mEimNyZLPtm Qmb399zeJfbfeD2xUcMf2JDeQPEXQZXKB4r2KNpE2YN16j QmVaSG1ALmtpgw3bqUgN2o37FRRRvK92JA5SKGzkigi5Qg QmXe8bt58f7QFPCzPjfHLJEDufxCy9LYEr1x5WRuwvvwxd QmXCyRSEqZvXQpdJJgNTZ2SmscGBN8faNeNbNZcV8zoX6D QmbqEc6DR3dJD1Zez6UEB9NiyCWswQvsYE1yFxnM6ghvgG QmaVY3HqyuHpVGyMxeT4Bud2vNW78oYnx8dJCM6ZZK5ziE QmSUai4xNvwMKU2TbSerbPiWGAVberWqCyRsFtpfBmSJUA QmdqfApkUHoNL7LgRhijLyQ917yqySCE8TFPFh8Efixmuk QmYUwzBTiff9y3NpVBbZgEPJYspVVxmzVVYkzar4igJRiY QmWU4whiYNSNx6oxSqvGVEkr1unaGuqfGtoiphqZLBAxVJ QmQUWdJviNhacCKbEie2yYrdrQaNYjUhGH7B8majeYU6Vb Qmckkfq1rqb7mTK7w6RbFZJjskRKcnUk8PdtMmcLwUhXgV QmVY5cAKghhEttE24TaNrAQgciJau5j7EoeaEmfjYdbLMD QmUUEWf3hsUuMVJFPVavJpe7kPpi5bCmXqN9PPz7qbVMEu ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, February 13, 2023 | Techrights ⦿ Russia Moving Away From Microsoft Windows Faster Than the World in General | Techrights ⦿ Why Windows Vista 11 Still Sucks | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/windows-vista-11/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/mozilla-firefox-110/#comments http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-builds-m-os/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 54 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/irc-log-130223/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_February_13,_2023⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 2:22 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-130223.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-130223.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-130223.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-130223.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmYxVqZ45f97nGGYxEegKfHmH1tetywgDf532oBwSrpQWX #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmRyJJRtHCJtgJ2kd2Twc5efujkA9CTtaca3xEuo8M3S5E (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmfL2VCHvNLhKoDwPoLZL5NqwCzweSmfTsL6MNPn9o3nnD social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmTVWXHN5bhMBMjqS2JZQygyo3bAjNgmaApbpYjti2bCGC social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmY6Q4e7SwHJBBPPXMdqAMGa43xNgYBk4upMtKsEKGbVnT #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  Qmdrmfg6Ne1jWxsGSF1rWwpcDXnUv8zh8kfw41BNLbxHct (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmRSw45XqCJA2z2BHu4FBksgkdQkrXTwCyq95vmxiyuhTg #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmTadaC86nNPbZ1ya76xVoL6JiJu3ST4x1keTUDNSprQQ8 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmUUEWf3hsUuMVJFPVavJpe7kPpi5bCmXqN9PPz7qbVMEu ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 181 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/russia-away-from-microsoft-windows/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Russia_Moving_Away_From_Microsoft_Windows_Faster_Than_the_World_in_General⠀✐ Posted in Asia, Europe, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Windows at 6:52 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Today_in_the_news: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_NEW_OPERATING_SYSTEM_HAS_BEEN_RELEASED_IN_RUSSIA!⦈_ Windows_around_the_world (still waning in dominance on desktops/laptops) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Windows_world_market⦈_ And_in_Russia since invading Ukraine: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Russian_market⦈_ Summary: Russia loves Windows only when its enemies use it (which makes intrusion and sabotage a lot easier) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣼⣹⣿⣧⣸⣘⣻⣜⣎⣼⣿⣛⣻⣨⣾⣘⣻⣨⣺⣸⣸⣿⣇⣇⣮⣸⣛⣹⣿⣚⣹⣆⣿⣊⣿⣸⣇⣛⣇⣤⣾⣿⣸⣿⣣⣎⣗⣋⣿⣟⣃⣇⣻⣟⣻⣰⣅⣿⣯⣕⣇⣻⣟⣻⣘⣟⣤⣻⣚⣹⣘⣿⣛⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢻⠻⣿⣿⢛⢻⢻⡟⡟⣛⡟⣛⡟⣿⡻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣼⣼⣼⣿⣴⣼⣮⣵⣯⣥⣯⣥⣧⣧⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠡⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠁⢰⣶⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣄⣤⣠⣜⣟⣖⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠻⠊⠉⠀⠉⡉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡴⣖⢢⠰⣲⡦⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠻⠃⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣼⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣾⠏⠀⡙⢌⣷⡪⣞⡃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢫⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⡚⣫⠀⢸⡞⠃⢀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣈⣥⣭⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣶⣾⣾⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡿⣠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⢛⣿⣧⣼⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⡏⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⢠⣴⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠉⣿⠏⠳⡀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠝⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⣛⡭⠥⠤⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣻⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⢿ ⣿⣿⠖⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠂⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠹⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠤⠄⢤⣤⡤⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ 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⣿⣿⢫⢍⢩⢉⢉⣉⣉⣉⡙⢿⠋⢉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣜⣘⣘⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣼⣀⠉⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠈⠋⠁⠑⠃⠁⠋⠁⠀⠀⠈⢈⣘⣁⣁⣁⣈⣉⣀⣁⣁⣀⣒⣈⣃⣓⣈⣒⣐⣀⣈⣈⣈⣈⣑⣃⣈⣀⣀⣀⣂⣚⣈⣈⣁⣈⣀⣀⣈⣈⣀⣘⣚⣘⣀⣀⣀⣐⣂⣁⣈⣈⣀⣿ ⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⠀⠠⠠⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮ ⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⢸⠐⠠⠐⡇⡱⠰⡷⠆⡷⠦⣿⡗⠿⢿⠰⢾⠐⢸⢰⠓⠊⠰⣿⢰⣾⡔⢰⣿⠬⢱⠋⡦⠒⠰⡑⠊⣷⣶⡆⣿⣷⠛⣾⠓⢸⢰⡇⡱⠐⢰⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣵⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⠍⣷⡆⡧⠄⢰⡆⠤⣿⣇⢹⢁⡷⠶⡇⣾⡇⠶⣧⢣⢃⢸⠰⢾⡠⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⡻⢿⠿⣿⡻⢛⣟⢻⡻⣿⣿⢛⡿⡟⢿⣟⢻⡻⣟⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣦⣾⣥⣯⣼⣬⣮⣾⣼⣷⣾⣴⣷⣤⣽⣯⣾⣥⣵⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣀⣠⣨⢩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣑⣈⣉⣉⣙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠫⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣌⣉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⠛⠛⠻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⡿⠿⢿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⡟⠻⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣦⣤⣤⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠐⣶⡶⠂⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⢰⠐⠂⠀⢀⠐⡀⠒⡀⠂⡀⠀⠀⢰⠀⡀⢂⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣉⣩⣙⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⠿⠿⢿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⢡⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣄⣐⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠌⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠢⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡙⠒⠒⠒⠒⠊⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣯⣉⣉⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⡀⢍⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣠⣀⣀⣀⣠⢠⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⠄⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢠⣠⣀⣀⣀⡀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣍⣉⣉⣉⡉⢉⣉⣩⣉⣉⠉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣍⣍⣉⡉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣴⣿⣿⣿⠋⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⣠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠋⢠⣾⣿⣿⡟⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⣼⣿⣿⣿⠏⢢⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⢤⣿⣿⣿⡿⠒⣼⣿⣿⣿⠃⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⠑⢰⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⣢⣿⣿⣿⡿⢐⣴⣿⣿⣿⡏⢆⣾⣿⣿⣿⠓⣢⣿⣿⣿⡟⠒⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣅⣴⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣴⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣥⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣷⣬⣼⣤⣦⣧⣼⣿⣦⣵⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣬⣴⣼⣴⣤⣤⣿⣿⣬⣴⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣦⣿⣿⣶⣶⣴⣤⣦⣤⣆⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⠿⢇⡧⠤⡧⢸⢀⢶⢾⠶⢾⠰⢎⣿⡸⠿⣸⠶⣸⠤⢼⣶⠠⢰⠰⢸⣴⣾⠐⢼⡷⠬⣡⢋⠤⢰⠰⡠⢼⢰⣶⡆⣿⢰⣉⣾⠣⢼⢰⡇⡰⡠⢴⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⣻⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⢛⢸⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⡟⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣟⣛⡿⣿⠿⢩⡼⣿⠿⡯⢾⠻⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⠦⣹⣾⢸⠨⢸⣾⡨⢼⣿⢨⡸⡸⢻⠬⡐⠍⡇⡫⢹⢰⣿⣿⣧⣼⡨⢼⠺⢸⡨⢼⢸⡩⣸⠸⣿⡸⢂⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣛⠿⡿⢿⣟⠛⡻⡛⣟⢻⣿⡟⣛⠿⠻⢿⣛⣟⣻⡛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣶⣤⣯⣼⣥⣥⣵⣥⣥⣽⣷⣧⣶⣤⣬⣼⣥⣭⣭⣬⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣧⣤⣤⡭⠒⠒⠒⣒⣂⣀⣐⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠲⠶⢖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡲⠶⠒⠒⠒⠢⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡲⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣬⣉⣉⡩⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⢪⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡯⡉⠉⠃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡿⠿⠿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⠟⠿⠹⠿⠻⠟⠻⠿⠻⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠋⠿⠟⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣷⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠰⢶⠖⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣂⣰⣐⣀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣂⣄⣀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣇⣀⣀⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣟⠛⡛⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠫⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠩⠉⣉⣉⣀⣀⢡⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠘⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣦⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢠⣾⣿⣿⡿⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⢂⣾⣿⣿⡿⠁⣠⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⠏⢈⣾⣿⣿⡿⠁⣠⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⣿⣿⣿⡿⠐⣱⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣳⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⣶⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⣾⣿⣿⣿⠋⢱⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣲⣿⣿⣿⡟⢉⣺⣿⣿⣿⠋⢡⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⣵⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⣾⣿⣿⣿⠏⢁⣾⣿⣿⡿⠋⣱⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣥⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⡻⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢟⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢟⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢟⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣧⣴⣶⣶⣶⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 345 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2023/02/14/windows-vista-11/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/02/14/windows-vista-11/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Why_Windows_Vista_11_Still_Sucks⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft, Vista_10, Windows at 12:38 am by Guest Editorial Team Reprinted with permission from Ryan My mom’s church friend asked me how to put a widget on the taskbar, and I didn’t know. So today, I came across some terminology confusion. Microsoft changed the Windows taskbar around again. More Titanic deck chair re- positioning. One of their unnecessary changes was the addition of a button called “Widgets”. Unlike the Windows Vista Widgets, this one has nothing to do with desktop Widgets. It instead resides on the taskbar and pops up a bunch of spam from MSN. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_1⦈_ Like Samsung and certain Web browsers, Microsoft has a bunch of tasteless“robonews“. They fired dozens of people who used to curate news for MSN and decided to have a robot program do it instead. Not because the results will be better, but because they don’t have to pay them. They can set their browser and their operating system to shovel this trash into the face of the user and lob in a ton of junk “articles” about credit cards and mortgages, shopping, buying cars, etc. The news is peppered in almost as an afterthought, and the whole thing is really very crowded. When you have a captive audience, quality is not your main consideration. My next hurdle. Windows 11 has made no improvements at all to the general flakiness of Windows Update, which throws cryptic error numbers that don’t mean anything and result in Web searches to no avail. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_2⦈_ If you know what an Install Error 0x800f0922 is, please tell me. And in case you’re wondering, Internet Explorer is what you see in the background, because it’s still there. In fact, you can even make a new icon that launches it and bypasses Microsoft Edge if you really want to. I tried to run something called “DISM” in an “elevated command prompt” to “restore health”, and the thing is stuck and so that’s nice. I probably just broke Windows five minutes after installing it using a troubleshooting tool. Well, as least nothing has changed except there’s a coat of paint on Windows 10. I’m running a Windows Update Troubleshooter right now. Anyway, it doesn’t speak well of an operating system when you just installed it, and already things are flaking out and all you were trying to do was install some updates. On GNU/Linux this has basically been a solved problem for decades. In fact, I can’t recall the last time DNF got hosed in Fedora. I don’t even think there is a troubleshooting wizard. But it’s worked so well that I wouldn’t know. Windows Update Troubleshooter finished and gave me this: IsPostback_RC_PendingUpdates IsPostback: False InformationalWaaSMedicService Issue found by: BinaryHealthPlugin;DynamicProtectionPlugin;AutomaticCorruptionRepairPlugin InformationalIsPostback_RC_PendingUpdates IsPostback: True InformationalService Status Problem with BITS service : The requested service has already been started. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException InformationalService Status Problem with BITS service : The requested service has already been started. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException More help is available by typing NET HELPMSG 2182. System.Management.Automation.RemoteException -Windows Update “Troubleshooter” (More questions than answers.) To get Windows 11 installed at all, I_had_to_run_a_bypass_on_the_check_for “Secure_Boot”,_and_“TPM_2.0”. This turned out to be little more than opening RegEdit from a command prompt before setup could proceed and adding some “DWORD” values I found online after giving up on getting sw-tpm to work with GNOME Boxes. After this, the “Your PC isn’t supported.” message with the Microsoft link simply went away and setup resumed. It didn’t even put a watermark on the desktop. Basically, Microsoft only added this to make people go out and buy a new computer, and it didn’t work. It just stymied Windows 11 instead, as people continued using 10, switching to GNU/Linux, or buying a Chromebook or Mac, as they have in a yearslong trend already. I was actually disappointed to see that after taking extra time to bypass these requirements, Windows 11 is such utter trash that they still haven’t even bothered to actually remove Internet Explorer or fix the Windows Update problems that have been around since Windows 8, where the whole thing just gets jammed up and won’t tell you why. “You need security updates, but you can’t install them. Why? So glad you asked. 0x800f0922is why. Not even Microsoft will tell you how you fix it. Go_look!” It’s all a guess. Is it really any wonder why there’s so many malware incidents on Windows given that it’s so broken that probably many millions couldn’t install the security patches if they wanted to? I don’t think that it is. So I came across a list of nine things that “may” fix this, because nobody really knows for sure, and I’m trying them all. First up is “Install .NET Framework 3.5” because Windows Update might get jammed up without it. Well, if that’s the case, why wouldn’t the OS come with it? So I told it to install. Windows Update is getting that, but won’t install a security update from last year? Interesting. Well, Windows failed to do that too. The interesting thing about Windows 11 so far is that the sound it makes when it informs you that it fails to do something sounds phonetically similar to the word “boogaloo”. I’m sure that’s a coincidence. So I ran sfc /scannow and it said something about finding corrupt files and repairing them. Yeah, why wouldn’t an OS that’s been installed for like an hour be corrupt already? It’s not like I’ve used Linux installs for ten years….oh wait I have. So I rebooted and tried again and the update still wouldn’t install. Finally, I find an obscure_part_of_Microsoft’s_Web_site that explains that this last problem update is a Secure Boot dbx update, which is basically a revocation list for bootloaders they don’t want to work anymore. In a normal Windows install, Microsoft just reaches in and updated the dbx in the firmware. It can only go forward, not backward, and the user isn’t really supposed to know that it happens. In fact, I turned Linux Vendor Firmware Service off on my Fedora (host OS) install on my computer because I don’t want Microsoft reaching into my firmware. So I just wasted almost an hour trying to figure out a Windows Update problem that gave no indication it was caused by being in a VM. Of course the VM’s dbx can’t be updated. It’s a VM! It uses TianoCore to simulate a uEFI firmware. I bypassed TPM and Secure Boot to get Windows 11 installed. Anyway, this doesn’t excuse why you need multiple reboots to get everything else installed, which is a problem I’ve seen on real Windows installs since Windows 8 was around. Windows should also tell you exactly what’s in a security update as part of a description, and a plain English reason why it won’t install. Why is this so difficult? Microsoft has abused the “security update” process a number of times to sneak in things that have nothing to do with security, and now they waste your time if you use Windows as a VM Guest. I got a pop-up talking about “carbon awareness” in Windows Update. They’ve shifted the updates to take place overnight apparently. Considering that there are so many broken updates for Windows that even Bleeping Computer never runs out of topics, (including yet another broken Intel graphics driver the other day), that means starting your morning with failed updates and glitches instead of updating your computer manually every now and then when it would be more convenient if something were to happen. Like I do. And again, DNF in Fedora always works and I haven’t had any major complaints with it lately. Maybe once every 5 or 6 years I’ll get a visible bug after updating something, but I never get a trashed computer that I can’t just, you know, go back to the last working kernel for a while. I feel like given 10 years to fix all of the problems in Windows 8, Microsoft should have done something about Updates by now. But nooooooo. There’s still bits and pieces of Windows XP and IE floating around in here. Oh, you’ve been told it’s dead, dead, dead, but nope. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Vista_11_screenshot_3⦈_ Internet Explorer Mode in Edge is the default way to get at stubborn old pages that only work in IE. But the entire Internet Explorer browser is in there, and you can even make a working link to it again with a little doing. (Microsoft has it rigged so that iexplore.exe usually loads Edge, but there are command switches that make it load IE instead). Again, this is the latest version of Windows 11. There’s Internet Explorer. Microsoft fixes some security bugs and makes sure HTTPS doesn’t quit working, but other than that, it’s been rotting for years. Ironically, the one reason I kept Windows 10 in a VM (until today) was that I needed IE to access one corporate Intranet site and the company in question is one of the ten largest in America. There’s not a heck of a lot that really stands out about Windows 11 as far as what’s changed since Windows 10. It looks a little different, but that’s about all. A slight visual refresh to make it look more like a Chromebook, on top of the rotting guts of Windows. Mmmmmm. And to make things even better, it demands at least twice as much RAM and the installer is about twice as large (so it managed to get fatter too). There’s not a lot of stuff here to differentiate it from its “predecessor”. Honestly, this is even less of an update to Windows 10 than Windows Me was to Windows 98. In Windows Me, there was at least an argument that Windows needed a refresh to handle new devices like digital cameras and some overhauled system tools. Windows 11 is pretty much Windows 10 with rounded corners. Especially considering that Microsoft backported almost everything to Windows 10, I’m actually not amused with everything I had to bypass just to get it into a virtual machine. When I tried installing it into VirtualBox (a different VM), it simply managed to cause my display manager to crash, kicking me out to the GNOME login screen. I tried a few more times but it never even managed to boot into the setup program like Windows 10 did, despite Oracle claiming VirtualBox 7 was Windows 11 compatible. I’ve used a lot of operating systems, including some weird ones. Quite frankly, Windows does not impress me because it doesn’t seem like a product that a software company on the S&P 500 should release, and I can’t for the life of me figure out why users spend hours trying to figure it out and hundreds of dollars taking their computer to repair shops and cleaning up after malware attacks just to avoid learning GNU/Linux or at least getting a Chromebook, which even on a bad day, works and takes care of itself in the background. It’s 2023 everywhere but Microsoft. Every once in a while I like fooling around with the latest Windows because when you close the VM and go back to Fedora and Brave, it makes you appreciate what you have. █ ⠀⢀⣠⣤⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣄⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣽⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡼⢧⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⠙⠙⠋⠛⠙⠛⠙⣋⠀⠉⠊⠙⠑⠙⠋⠛⠙⠈⠑⠛⠈⠓⠉⠋⠘⠑⠋⠐⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠄⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠄⢀⡀⡀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⡿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣐⢲⣼⡿⣷⠂⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢿⡿⣿⣿⡥⢄⠀⠰⠀⡠⠔⡈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠐⠢⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⢺⣿⣽⣻⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⢀⠀⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠉⢻⣿⣟⣛⡲⡸⠊⠀⠀⢃⠀⢀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢈⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢲⣴⣾⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠛⠀⢸⣿⣪⡴⡟⠀⠀⠠⡤⢸⠀⣀⢀⣠⣐⡀⢠⠈⠁⠉⠀⠈⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠘⠋⢹⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠞⠀⠿⡟⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⡀⠙⠷⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠁⢰⠀⠀⢢⠈⠂⡜⣊⣠⣿⣿⣿⠘⠂⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢘⣛⣛⣏⡁⠁⠀⠀⣀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣥⣠⡾⠀⢀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣏⣉⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠈⡨⢫⡺⢭⣻⣏⣸⠟⡂⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⢘⣩⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠾⠿⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣯⣉⢹⣿⣠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠘⠱⡽⠛⠛⣡⠤⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢠⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣶⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⠈⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⢀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠟⠛⠉⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⠿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢻⣿⠿⡻⣻⡟⢿⢻⣿⡟⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠿⠟⣟⣟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣟⠿⣿⢿⢻⣿⢿⢻⣿⠿⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⡟⣿⠟⡿⢻⢻⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣡⣧⣼⣯⣿⣬⣯⣿⣷⣦⣼⣼⣿⣿⣧⣬⣯⣿⣭⣼⣮⣼⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣵⣭⣥⣷⣽⣧⣤⣼⣮⣯⣮⣤⣵⣽⣧⣧⣿⣿⣥⣿⣽⣿⣧⣿⣯⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣩⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡶⠶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠤⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢰⣖⡲⡄⠂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⡀⢀⠠⠞⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣱⠂⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⣻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣤⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⣒⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣠⣤⣠⣄⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⡿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠔⣿⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣛⣛⠛⠓⠊⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⡎⠁⠑⠤⣄⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢑⠦⣾⠟⠋⠋⠁⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣤⣈⢹⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣁⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣾⣯⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⣟⠿⣻⡻⢻⢻⢻⣻⡟⣿⢻⠻⠉⣿⡟⣿⡻⡻⢿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠻⣿⡟⠿⠿⣿⡻⠿⣿⢿⡟⠿⡿⠿⢿⠻⠿⣿⡟⢻⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡯⣽⣿⣾⣾⣾⣷⠷⣿⡿⣾⣶⣾⢷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⢾⠾⣶⣾⡶⣿⡷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⢿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⢿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣦⣥⣾⣿⣧⣌⣿⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣼⣼⣿⣤⣾⣯⣶⣽⣼⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣤⣤⣽⣿⣴⣼⣧⣬⣶⣽⣤⣿⣤⣧⣤⣏⣿⣧⣼⣴⣦⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣉⣙⣽⣽⣍⢙⣽⣍⣫⣯⣿⣳⣈⣩⣩⣿⣉⣨⣯⣉⣉⣽⣩⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣾⣯⣽⣿⣿⣮⣾⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢋⣁⠀⠀⠉⠽⠰⠆⠶⠶⡀⠈⠼⠀⠶⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⡄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠄⠀⠄⠀⠀⠄⡀⠄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠈⠁⠫⠼⣃⠀⠈⠀⠀⢁⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⠠⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠙⢉⠀⠀⠀⠩⢃⠡⠤⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢡⡾⠓⠠⠀⠇⠃⠀⠖⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠑⣿⣆⡀⠈⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡀⠂⠀⠉⠋⢁⠀⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡤⣷⡵⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠲⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣓⣁⣈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠓⣈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣁⣀⣈⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣈⣉⣉⣁⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣚⣽⣿⣿⣏⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠟⠻⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡌⣁⡆⣿⣻⣿⡛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣽⡇⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⠁⠁⠀⣿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿ ⡖⠒⠂⣯⠀⠀⠀⢈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠽⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣦⣮⣾⣦⣥⣬⣯⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡷⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣀ 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⣿⡇⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢐⣲⣒⣒⣒⣲⣶⣶⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣯⣽⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⢟⡛⠟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣧⣼⣷⣭⣭⣧⣯⣭⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣌⣡⣖⣒⣒⣒⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣏⣹⣏⣙⣙⣛⣉⣋⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣗⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⣻⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⢸⣷⣤⣤⡤⠤⠄⠤⠠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⣾⠓⠚⠲⠒⠒⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣸⣿⣀⣀⣤⣬⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⣏⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣟⣭⣭⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣑⣸⣿⣚⣿⣇⣈⣿⣁⣸⣿⣀⣿⣇⣀⣿⡉⣹⣿⡠⣹⣏⢀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣷⣺⣭⣿⣛⣒⣓⣺⣩⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣔⣓⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣆⣙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣖⣐⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⢼⠤⢼⣿⠛⡽⣽⣟⣿⢻⢸⣿⡟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠁⠘⠀⠄⠀⢤⡬⢤⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⡀⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠈⠀⠃⠰⠆⠐⣎⣿⣾⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣟⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡄⠈⠀⠖⠠⠄⠻⠿⠟⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣓⣟⣟⣟⣓⣓⣿⣺⣻⣺⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠐⠛⠛⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠓⠒⠐⠛⠀⣤⣄⡤⢄⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣛⣟⣟⣛⣻⢟⣻⣟⣻⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠄⣖⠹⠞⠛⠋⠁⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣭⣭⣯⣯⣿⣽⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣟⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⢟⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣟⣿⢯⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣭⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣬⣯⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⠛⠒⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣿⣗⣻⣿⣛⣿⣯⣛⣿⣏⣹⣿⣶⣺⣇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 787 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_14/02/2023:_Chimera_Linux_and_Mozilla_Firefox_110⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 11:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Instructionals/Technical * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o BSD o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers # Mozilla o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Science o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Trademarks # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Technical # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Make_Linux_safer…_or_die_trying⠀⇛ Some Linux veterans are irritated by some of the new tech: Snap, Flatpak, Btrfs, ZFS, and so forth. Doesn’t the old stuff work? Well, yes, it does – but not well enough. Why is Canonical pushing Snap so hard? Does Red Hat really need all these different versions of Fedora? Why are some distros experimenting with ZFS if its licence is incompatible with the GPL? Is the already bewildering array of packaging tools and file systems not enough? No, they aren’t. There are good justifications for all these efforts, and the reasons are simple and fairly clear. The snag is that the motivations behind some of them are connected with certain companies’ histories, attitudes, and ways of doing business. If you don’t know their histories, the reasoning that led to major technological decisions is often obscure or even invisible. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ Our_current_plague_of_revolving .top_and_.click_spam_email_domains⠀⇛ Email spam is somewhat like the weather, and much like the weather I don’t talk about it much any more. However, every so often something unusually unpleasant happens (in both of them). Our current irritation in spam weather is what I suspect is one particular spammer that operates using a rapidly changing flux of spam domains in .top, .click, and on some days .us, using a distinctive (but not really machine matchable) pattern of tagged envelope senders. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Spotted_in_the_wild:_Chimera_–_a_Linux_that isn’t_GNU/Linux⠀⇛ Chimera Linux is an existence proof that this is not a hard requirement: it avoids all of these. Chimera is compiled with LLVM, uses the same musl C library and packaging tools as the lightweight Alpine Linux distro, the new Dinit init system, and much of the rest of the userland is drawn from the current version of FreeBSD. If things go according to plan, Kolesa hopes to release the first alpha version around the same time as the planned FreeBSD version 13.2, so that he can rebase on that version of the underlying tools. Kolesa’s talk is recommended, but be warned, it’s very technical. For a quick overview, you can read his presentation (PDF). o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Undeadly ☛ Tunneling_vxlan(4)_over_WireGuard_wg(4)⠀⇛ I struggled to find much more info than Reyk’s talk (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufeEP_hzFN0) and the man pages so thought it would be useful to document. # ⚓ [Old] Robert Turner ☛ VXLAN_over_WireGuard⠀⇛ So it’s a way to stretch a Layer 2 network between data centers and sites. This is great but what if you don’t have a leased line between sites or an existing VPN, can we bundle it all into one config/ pair of devices. A VXLAN server at Site A and a VXLAN Client at Site B, with Site A having the network you’d like to extend into Site B: [...] # ⚓ Undeadly ☛ Using_/bin/eject_with_USB_flash_drives⠀⇛ Following a wide-ranging thread on misc@ with the subject Safely remove USB drive, Crystal Kolipe wrote an article about how OpenBSD handles removable media, centered around the eject(1) command, also known as mt(1). # ⚓ Exotic Silicon ☛ Implementing_the_MTRETEN_ioctl_on_sd devices⠀⇛ Today we’ve seen how to implement the basic functionality required to make the eject -t command work on usb flash drives. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Taking_education_upstream_with_Red_Hat Academy⠀⇛ Education is the foundation of development and at Red Hat, with our open source principles, we believe in taking education upstream – Red Hat Academy (RHA) does just that. In 2022, Red Hat worked with over 500 academic partners across EMEA, strengthening its presence in over 60 countries. In one year, we helped train over 7,500 students on Red Hat technologies and delivered more than 30 academic events. We’re not alone in providing corporate-led learning, so what sets us apart? Why should educators choose to work with Red Hat? Well, we have set our eyes on becoming the world’s number one hybrid cloud partner, as Gartner predicts that over half of all enterprises globally will be using cloud platforms by 2027, and that percentage is set to rise. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ What_are_RHEL_in-place_upgrades?⠀⇛ When Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) customers want to update their application stack, get the newest security updates or are nearing the end of a RHEL life cycle (such as RHEL 7, which will reach end of maintenance on 30 June 2024), they usually want to get to the newest release. This post is the first of a series of articles about RHEL upgrades that we hope will help you plan for future upgrades. We’ll begin by taking a look at RHEL in-place upgrades. Historically, upgrades required a fresh installation of the operating system coupled with redeploying all application stacks, databases and configurations. In-place upgrades solve this hassle while preserving existing customer workflows. Let’s first take a look at where in-place upgrades are the right choice for businesses in comparison to performing a fresh installation. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ What’s_new_in_the_web_console_in_RHEL 9.1_and_8.7⠀⇛ The Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) web console is a simplified web-based management tool that lets you manage many aspects of RHEL more efficiently. For more information on the web console and how to get started with it, refer to the Managing systems using the RHEL 9 web console documentation. RHEL versions 9.1 and 8.7 were released in November 2022, and included a number of new features and enhancements related to the web console that will be highlighted in this blog: o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Canonical_Announces_General_Availability_of Real-Time_Ubuntu_Kernel⠀⇛ Ubuntu maker Canonical today announced the general availability of an enterprise-grade real-time Ubuntu kernel for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS systems to provide enterprises with end-to-end security and reliability for their time-bound workloads. Designed for enterprises in aerospace, automotive, defense, IoT, robotics, and telcos, as well as the public sector and retail, the real-time Ubuntu kernel promises to handle the most demanding and critical workloads, or time-sensitive applications by reducing kernel latencies and boosting performance. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ KiCad_7.0.0_Is_Here,_Brings_Trove_Of Improvements⠀⇛ Yesterday, the KiCad team has released KiCad 7.0.0 – a surprise for those of us who have only gotten used to the wonders of KiCad 6, and it’s undoubtedly a welcome one! Some of these features, you might’ve seen mentioned in the KiCad 2022 end- of-year recap, and now, we get to play with them in a more stable configuration. There’s a trove of features and fixes for all levels of KiCad users, beginners, hobbyists and professionals alike – let’s start with some that everyone can appreciate! # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ An_Open_Hardware_Eurorack_Compatible_Audio_FPGA Front_End⠀⇛ [Sebastian Holzapfel] has designed an audio frontend (eurorack-pmod) for FPGA-based audio applications, which is designed to fit into a standard Eurorack enclosure. The project, released under CERN Open-Hardware License V2, is designed in KiCAD using the AK4619VN four-channel audio codec by Asahi Kasei microdevices. (and guess what folks, there’s plenty of those in stock!) o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Future Publishing Limited ☛ A_key_Google_Maps_bug_fix_has just_arrived_for_Android_Auto_|_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ This_is_the_first_Android_smartphone_with Dynamic_Island⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sportskeeda ☛ The_5_best_battle_royale_games_for_Android_in 2023⠀⇛ # ⚓ Motorola_Android_13_update_rolling_out_in_April_for_Edge_20 Pro⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_Android_14_Will_Let_You_Clone_Apps_to Make_It_Easier_to_Manage_Multiple_Accounts⠀⇛ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ Here’s_How_You_Can_Play_PlayStation_Vita_Games on_Android_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Mozilla_Firefox_110_Is_Now_Available_for Download,_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛ Firefox 110 entered beta testing in mid- January, shortly after the release of Firefox 109, but now the final release is here if you want to enjoy the new features and improvements, starting with the ability to import data from Opera, Opera GX, and Vivaldi web browsers on Linux systems. That’s right, Firefox on Linux only allowed users to import data from Chrome/Chromium browsers, but starting with this release you’ll also be able to import bookmarks, cookies, history, and passwords from Opera or Vivaldi. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Create_a_modern_user_interface_with_the Tkinter_Python_library⠀⇛ Python’s Tkinter library isn’t exactly known for its good looks. I’ve developed a library to help create a modern graphical user interface for Python. I spent a lot of time searching for a simple but modern GUI toolkit before developing a new library called TKVue that creates graphical interfaces for desktop applications. Through my research, I realized that there were several different libraries to create graphical interfaces. However, most involve adding new dependencies to bind with graphical libraries. For example, there’s a library for Qt, another for wxWidgets, and a third for GTK. None are native to Python or entirely coded in Python. That’s a problem. If you want to code a GUI with Qt, it’s necessary to compile the Qt source code on each platform you want to support. I wanted to target the three leading platforms: Linux, Windows, and Mac. The big advantage of Tkinter is that it’s embedded in Python. There’s no need for new dependencies or to compile new libraries. Everything’s already done for you. In short, it is best to use Tkinter to create something portable. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Lua_loops:_how_to_use_while_and_repeat until⠀⇛ Control structures are an important feature of programming languages because they enable you to direct the flow of the program based on conditions that are often established dynamically as the program is running. Different languages provide different controls, and in Lua there’s the while loop, for loop, and repeat until loop. This article covers the while and repeat until loops. Because of their flexibility, I cover for loops in a separate article. A condition is defined by an expression using an operator, which is a fancy term for symbols you may recognize from math classes. Valid operators in Lua are: Those are known as relational operators because they prompt an investigation of how two values relate to one another. There are also logical operators, which mean the same as they mean in English and can be incorporated into conditions to further describe the state you want to check for: Here are some example conditions: [...] * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Crisis_on_Top_of_a_Crisis”:_Syrians_Displaced_by War_Now_Dealing_with_Earthquake_Devastation⠀⇛ We get an update from Damascus, Syria, on last week’s devastating earthquakes, as the United Nations warns the death toll in Turkey and northwest Syria will top at least 50,000. The U.N. also says the earthquake rescue phase is “coming to a close” and that efforts are expected to turn to providing shelter, food and care to survivors. Millions have been left homeless by the deadly quakes that struck the region, which includes the Syrian city of Aleppo, last week. Syrian refugees who were displaced by the war in Syria that began 12 years ago now face a compounded humanitarian crisis. The situation is a “crisis on top of a crisis,” says Emma Forster, Syria policy and communications manager for the Norwegian Refugee Council. o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ U.N._Rapporteur:_Lift_Sanctions_on_Syria_to_Help People_Rebuild_After_War_&_Devastating_Earthquakes⠀⇛ We speak with human rights expert Alena Douhan, a United Nations special rapporteur and one of several U.N. experts calling for the lifting of economic and financial sanctions against Syria in order to aid recovery efforts following last week’s devastating earthquakes. “The people of Syria are currently deprived of any possibility to rebuild their country, and their country needed reconstruction before the earthquake,” says Douhan. o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ UN_Warns_Earthquake_Deaths_Could_Top_50,000_Amid Urgent_Calls_for_Aid⠀⇛ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Letter_to_an_Old_Poet⠀⇛ I feel almost ashamed to say that it’s taken all these years to finally get around to reading Rainer Maria Rilke in earnest. As an undergraduate, decades ago, I heard all kinds of great things about his masterful idiosyncratic expressiveness that toyed and purloined the heart. He was said to be not only the cat’s meow among poets, but the rose’s attar stirring up the suspirations of the inner cathedral of the lonely, seeing mind. But in my circle at that time were two personages who, though pretentious and vaguely narcissistic, were nevertheless quite agreeable romantics to be around. Jeffrey, chief poet and editor of the student literary magazine, and Tom, a Nietzschean with an open marriage that seemed all looky-no-touchy. (Or was that just my experience?). Jeffrey liked cocaine and would pull out a tiny shovel in the middle of a meeting and go to work sniffing snow out of a baggie in his sports coat. Nobody understood his poetry, which seemed, at times, like a confluence of Elizabeth Bishop and his beloved Rilke. But he got laid a lot. And Tom was like the prodigy genius Mozart presented to us in the film, Amadeus, loose with the lyricism and love gun. Tom and his genius wife moved to Germany shortly after graduation. He was Nietzschean, it’s true, but he had a thing for Wagner as well. And Rilke’s Orpheus, not Young Werther, was his hero. Go forth and sally, was his motto, if sallying is your fate. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Lift_Sanctions_Against_Syria_to_Lessen_Sufferings of_the_People_Caused_By_The_Earthquake⠀⇛ The International Movement for a Just World (JUST) urges the American, British, Australian, Canadian, Swiss and some  European Union and Arab League governments to lift the unjust, immoral sanctions against Syria in order to lessen the immense sufferings of the people caused by the massive earthquake of 6th February 2023. A number of local groups including the Syrian Red Crescent Society have already made this call. Among individuals and groups at the international level who also want sanctions lifted is Helga Zepp LaRouche of the Schiller Institute. It is reported that the US and EU have suspended temporarily their sanctions. But this is not enough because it means that they can be re-imposed at any time. If sanctions have to be terminated once and for all, it is because there were no justifications for them in the first instance. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ How_To_Roll_Your_Own_Custom_Object_Detection Neural_Network⠀⇛ Real-time object detection, which uses neural networks and deep learning to rapidly identify and tag objects of interest in a video feed, is a handy feature with great hacker potential. Happily, it’s also possible to make customized CNNs (convolutional neural networks) tailored for one’s own needs, and that process just got easier thanks to some new documentation for the Vizy “AI camera” by Charmed Labs. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Stadia_Controller’s_Two_Extra_Buttons_Get_Seen With_WebHID⠀⇛ The Google Stadia game streaming service relied on a proprietary controller. It was a pretty neat piece of hardware that unfortunately looked destined for landfills when Google announced that Stadia would discontinue. Thankfully it’s possible to use them as normal gamepads, and related to that, [Thomas Steiner] has a developer blog post about how to talk to the Stadia controller via WebHID. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Hundreds_of_Thousands_March_in_Madrid_to ‘Defend_Health_Service’_From_Privatization⠀⇛ Madrid residents on Sunday marched to protest the right-wing regional government’s attacks on the public healthcare system, with hundreds of thousands of participants showing that concern over the shredding of the public sector is growing. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘I_Don’t_Want_to_Take_My_Kids_Back_to That’:_Ohio_Residents_Fear_Toxic_Aftermath_of_Train_Crash⠀⇛ Residents of East Palestine, Ohio are voicing alarm and mistrust of officials after a 150-car train carrying hazardous materials—including vinyl chloride—crashed in their small town, prompting emergency evacuations and a “controlled release” of chemicals into the air to prevent a catastrophic explosion. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ohio_Residents_Fear_Returning_Home_in_Toxic Aftermath_of_Train_Crash⠀⇛ # ⚓ NBC ☛ CDC_says_teen_girls_are_caught_in_an_extreme_wave_of sadness_and_violence⠀⇛ The survey, which has been conducted every other year for three decades, includes responses from 17,232 U.S. high school students. # ⚓ La Prensa Latina ☛ CDC_says_teen_girls_report_record_levels of_violence,_suicide_risk⠀⇛ Results from the CDC’s 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey showed startling trends. Nearly three in five teen girls (57%) stated they felt “persistently sad or hopeless”. That is the highest rate in a decade. And 30% said they have seriously considered dying by suicide — a percentage that’s risen by nearly 60% over the past 10 years. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Nausea,_Wobbling,_Confusion:_Dogs_Are Getting_Sick_From_Discarded_Weed⠀⇛ In places where recreational use is legal, dogs are getting sick from eating the remains of joints and other cannabis products, veterinarians and poison- control centers say. # ⚓ NPR ☛ How_ancient_seeds_from_the_Fertile_Crescent_could help_save_us_from_climate_change⠀⇛ “What we are collecting is a sample of the diversity that we have in nature,” says Mariana Yazbek, who manages the gene bank. Yazbek calls the center an “insurance policy” for humanity — it saves seeds in case nuclear war or other catastrophic events should wipe out plant species. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ India Times ☛ Twitter’s_plan_to_charge_for_crucial_tool prompts_outcry⠀⇛ Nonprofits, researchers and others need the tool, known as the API, or Application Programming Interface, to analyse Twitter data because the sheer amount of information makes it impossible for a human to go through by hand. # ⚓ ABC ☛ Twitter’s_plan_to_charge_for_crucial_tool_prompts outcry⠀⇛ The new fees are just the latest complication for programmers, academics and others trying to use the API — and they say communicating with anyone at the company has become essentially impossible since Elon Musk took over. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ The_CryptMaster_2001_Provides_Basic_Lessons_In Cryptography⠀⇛ Sending secret messages to your friends is fun, but today it’s so simple that you don’t even notice it anymore: practically any serious messaging system features encryption of some sort. To teach his kids about cryptography, [Michal Zalewski] therefore decided to bring the topic to life by building a handheld encryption system, called the CryptMaster 2001. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ There_Is_No_‘Going_Dark:’_Dutch_Law_Enforcement Spent_Months_Intercepting,_Reading_Encrypted_Messages⠀⇛ To hear consecutive FBI directors tell it, unless legislators are willing to mandate encryption backdoors, the criminals (including terrorists!) will win. That’s the only option — at least according to Jim Comey and Chris Wray — given that the FBI, with its billions in funding and wealth of brainpower, is apparently unable to decrypt files and devices simply by waving a warrant at them. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Digital First Media ☛ Matt_Weiss_fired_for ‘inappropriately’_accessing_computer_accounts,_UM alleges⠀⇛ A UM police log indicated on Jan. 5 that an employee reported “fraudulent activity” involving someone accessing university email accounts. “It was found that a crime may have been committed,” the log reads. The alleged computer crimes, however, happened days earlier, according to a statement The News received from UM Deputy Police Chief Crystal James on Jan. 17. James indicated the UM Police Department was investigating “computer access crimes that occurred at Schembechler Hall during Dec. 21 through the 23rd of 2022.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ From_National_Secrecy_to_World Security:_Friendship_Sets_Us_Free⠀⇛ Classified documents, top secret files, spy balloons, clandestine surveillance. What kind of world are we living in where we hide information about and from each other, spying to get the upper hand? Why do leaders and legislators feel compelled to keep government secrets from the public? In the current political system of independent, sovereign states, national governments seek to exact a competitive edge over perceived rivals by hiding information, spying, and governing secretively. Day-to-day governance becomes a zero-sum game. Governmental success comes at the expense of human interdependence, turning our fellow humans into foes rather than friends. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Drifting_sea_mine_explodes_off_Georgia’s_Black_Sea coast_near_Batumi_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A drifting sea mine exploded 25 meters away from the beach in Batumi, a coastal city in the Republic of Georgia. Georgia’s Interior Ministry has confirmed the explosion. A local TV channel reports that no one was injured by the blast. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Maia_Sandu_seconds_Zelensky,_warning_of_Kremlin plans_to_overthrow_Moldova_government_—_Meduza⠀⇛ President Maia Sandu has confirmed Volodymyr Zelensky’s information about Moscow’s plans to overthrow the government of Moldova. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ That_extra-heavy_load_Instead_of_flying,_Vladimir Putin_prefers_to_travel_around_Russia_by_armored_train_ (allegedly_for_fear_of_Ukrainian_attack)_—_Meduza⠀⇛ More and more often, Vladimir Putin opts to travel by armored train instead of flying. First delivered around 2014–2015, his customized express train has been in regular use since 2021, when the Russian military buildup on the Ukrainian border alerted the world to a possible full-scale invasion. Meduza is summarizing what Dossier Center (Mikhail Khodorkovsky’s investigative journalism project) found out about Putin’s now preferred mode of travel, and who controls the elaborate logistics of transporting the president. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Record_number_of_Russians_changed_passport_gender markers_in_2022_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Data published by Russia’s Interior Ministry indicates that a record number of Russians received new passports with updated gender markers in 2022, the independent outlet Mediazona reported on Monday. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Control_Guns⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Tanks_for_Nothing:_On_What_Can’t_Be_Won_on the_Ukraine_Battlefield⠀⇛ “To defend civilization, defeat Russia.” Writing in the unfailingly bellicose Atlantic, an American academic of my acquaintance recently issued that dramatic call to arms. And lest there be any confusion about the stakes involved, the image accompanying his essay depicted Russian President Vladimir Putin with a Hitler mustache and haircut. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Tanks_for_Nothing:_Is_Civilization_Really at_Stake_in_Ukraine?⠀⇛ “To defend civilization, defeat Russia.” Writing in the unfailingly bellicose Atlantic, an American academic of my acquaintance recently issued that dramatic call to arms. And lest there be any confusion about the stakes involved, the image accompanying his essay depicted Russian President Vladimir Putin with a Hitler mustache and haircut. Cast Putin as the latest manifestation of the Führer and the resurrection of Winston Churchill can’t be far behind. And, lo, more than a few observers have already begun depicting Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky as the latest reincarnation of America’s favorite British prime minister. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Tanks_for_Nuttin’⠀⇛ Is Civilization at Stake in Ukraine? # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Crew_Temporarily_Blinded_by_Chinese_Laser, Philippines_Says⠀⇛ Other countries have also accused China of the same thing. # ⚓ Digital First Media ☛ Everything_we_know_about_the unidentified_object_shot_down_over_Lake_Huron⠀⇛ The object had passed over Wisconsin, Lake Michigan and the Upper Peninsula before it was shot down about 15 nautical miles east of the U.P. in Lake Huron, Pentagon officials said Sunday night. Once hit, they said, the object drifted and likely landed in Canadian waters in the lake, where the Coast Guard and others are working to recover it. # ⚓ Reuters ☛ United_States_tells_citizens:_Leave_Russia immediately⠀⇛ “U.S. citizens residing or travelling in Russia should depart immediately,” the U.S. embassy in Moscow said. “Exercise increased caution due to the risk of wrongful detentions.” “Do not travel to Russia,” it added # ⚓ NPR ☛ The_U.S._is_urging_Americans_to_leave_Russia ‘immediately’_due_to_security_risks⠀⇛ The U.S. Embassy in Moscow warned of the “unpredictable consequences” of the war in Ukraine, and said dual U.S.-Russian citizens in particular risked being forcibly conscripted into Russia’s armed forces. # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ ‘Russia_isn’t_‘adopting’_Ukraine’s children_–_they_are_being_kidnapped’⠀⇛ The state-backed child abductions have been denounced as a crime against humanity, amid fears that many may never see Ukraine again. Yet it has also shed an unflattering light on Ukraine’s orphanage system itself – a legacy of Soviet rule that Ukraine’s First Lady, Olena Zelenska, has vowed to end. Her new charity, the Olena Zelenska Foundation, is backing a policy of “deinstitutionalisation”, phasing out orphanages in favour of foster care instead. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ How_Spin_and_Lies_Fuel_a_Bloody_War_of Attrition_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ In a recent column, military analyst William Astore wrote, “[Congressman] George Santos is a symptom of a much larger disease: a lack of honor, a lack of shame, in America. Honor, truth, integrity, simply don’t seem to matter, or matter much, in America today… But how do you have a democracy where there is no truth?” # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Military_Justice_Reforms_Still_Leave_Some Criminal_Cases_to_Commanders_With_No_Legal_Expertise⠀⇛ More than a year has passed since Congress adopted reforms that promised to overhaul the U.S. military justice system. Lawmakers stripped military commanders of their authority to prosecute certain serious cases but allowed them to maintain control over other alleged crimes. However, the reforms, which will not go into effect until the end of this year, may have created additional challenges, military experts said. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Cuba_is_Not_a_State-Sponsor_of_Terrorism⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Mexican_President_Vows_Global_Push_to_End ‘Inhumane’_US_Embargo_of_Cuba⠀⇛ Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador vowed over the weekend to lead a worldwide movement to end the 61-year U.S. embargo of Cuba. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sovereign_Cuba,_125_Years_Later⠀⇛ This February 15 marks the 125th anniversary of the explosion that destroyed the battleship USS Maine in Havana harbor in 1898, touching off the Spanish-American War. Victory over Spain, achieved in just five months, brought to fruition a US ambition stretching back a century—dominion over Cuba. That dominion lasted half a century until Fidel Castro abruptly ended it in 1959, but it left an indelible mark on the psyche of Washington policy-makers—the idea that Cuba is not truly a sovereign nation but rightfully belongs to the United States. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ China_Through_German_Eyes⠀⇛ When domineering empires change, it is never easy for those believing in an empire. Just ask the Roman imperialists and Monty Python’s “what have they ever done for us?” Today, many see China’s rise in such a way. Meanwhile, others in the West may want to make Taiwan the next Ukraine. Yet, there is a certain mystery in dealing with China, including the recent hot air balloon incident. In any case, anti-China sentiments are stretching from a balloon to Taiwan to China’s Coronavirus strategy. First, China’s Coronavirus strategy was too harsh and now it is too soft. China cannot get it right for the West and for those eager to bash it. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_Month’s_Notice:_Why_Burkina_Faso_Ordered French_Troops_out_of_the_Country⠀⇛ Though it was clear that Burkina Faso was eventually going to follow in the footsteps of Mali and the Central African Republic (CAR), Ouagadougou’s decision to break military ties with France was not as simple as media sound bites want us to believe. The conventional wisdom is that these countries are walking away from their former colonial master, France, to forge alternative alliances with a new ally, Russia. These convenient analyses are largely shaped by the geopolitical tug-of-war between old and new superpowers: The US and its NATO allies on the one hand, and Russia and China on the other. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Homage_to_Russian_War_Resisters⠀⇛ Given the Russian government’s brutal repression of dissent, the level of Russian resistance to the Putin regime’s war on Ukraine is quite remarkable. Beginning on the evening of February 24, 2022, the date of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, many thousands of Russians, defying threats from the authorities, staged nonviolent antiwar demonstrations across their nation. On the first night alone, police made 1,820 arrests of peace demonstrators in 58 Russian cities. Over the ensuing weeks, the mass protests continued, with the intrepid demonstrators chanting or holding up signs reading “No to War.” As the authorities viewed any mention of “war” as a crime, even elementary school children were arrested when they said the forbidden slogan. Some peace demonstrators took to holding up blank signs, but they, too, were arrested. By March 13, according to OVD-Info, a Russian human rights group, the police had made at least 14,906 arrests of these and other Russian peace demonstrators. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Ray_McGovern:_Nord_Stream_Attack_an_‘Act_of War’⠀⇛ Ray McGovern discusses Seymour Hersh’s story, “How America Took Out The Nord Stream Pipeline” on Garland Nixon and Wilmer Leon’s radio show, The Critical Hour. (With transcript). # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Anti-War_Voices_Accuse_Super_Bowl_of ‘Hijacking_the_Pat_Tillman_Story’⠀⇛ One journalist reminded readers that the NFL star and Army Ranger “called the Iraq invasion and occupation ‘fucking illegal’ and was killed by friendly fire in an incident the military covered up and tried to hide from his family.” # ⚓ Meduza ☛ After_Prigozhin_reports_Wagner_Group’s_capture_of Krasna_Hora,_Defense_Ministry_attributes_victory_to unspecified_‘volunteers’_—_Meduza⠀⇛ At a briefing on Monday, Russia’s Defense Ministry reported that “volunteers from assault detachments” backed by “fire support from missile troops and artillery from the Southern Grouping of Forces” have captured Krasna Hora, a village in Ukraine’s Donetsk region. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Kevin_Tillman:_How_America’s_Forever_Wars_and Interventions_Fueled_the_Assault_on_the_Capitol⠀⇛ The NFL’s Super Bowl pre-game tribute to Army Ranger Pat Tillman reminded the ScheerPost staff of this piece by his brother Kevin Tillman, originally published in 2021. By Kevin Tillman / TomDispatch Just about everyone was shocked by what happened at the Capitol building on January 6th. But as a former soldier in America’s forever […] # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Mediazona_and_BBC_News_Russian_publish_further figures_on_Russia’s_losses_in_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Mediazona and BBC News Russian, together with a group of volunteers, have confirmed the deaths of 14,093 Russian servicemen killed in the Ukraine war before February 12. They arrived at this total using only public records and other open sources. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_government_has_built_secret_network_of railroad_lines_and_train_stations_for_Putin’s_exclusive_use, according_to_new_report_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Over the last decade, Russian authorities have built multiple railroad lines that lead to Vladimir Putin’s various residences, as well as several secret train stations near those residences, the investigative news outlet Proekt reported on Tuesday. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ If_there’s_a_war_against_climate_change,_Saint-Louis is_on_the_front_line._And_losing⠀⇛ In Senegal, rising seas have led to devastating coastal erosion. If there is a war against climate change, the UNESCO World Heritage city of Saint- Louis is on the front lines. And the ocean is winning. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Greta_Thunberg_says_world_leaders_not_even ‘moving_in_the_right_direction’_on_climate⠀⇛ “The often-used argument that ‘we don’t have enough money’ has been disproven so many times,” Thunberg wrote. “According to the International Monetary Fund, the production and burning of coal, oil and fossil gas was subsidized by $5.9 trillion in 2020 alone. That is $11 million every minute, earmarked for planetary destruction.” # ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ Greta_Thunberg:_How_should_global leaders_use_trillions_of_dollars_to_combat_climate_change?⠀⇛ However, in June 2021, the International Energy Agency concluded that out of the historic global recovery plan, only a bleak 2% had been invested into green energy, whatever “green” means in this case. In the European Union, for instance, those 2% might well be spent on fossil gas from Vladimir Putin’s Russia or on burning biomass made from clear-cut forests as these activities — along with many others — are at the moment considered green in the brand-new EU taxonomy. So they did not just get it slightly wrong — our leaders completely failed. And they continue to fail; despite all the beautiful words and pledges, they are not moving in the right direction. In fact, we are still expanding fossil fuel infrastructure all over the world. In many cases, we are even speeding up the process. China is planning to build 43 new coal power plants on top of the 1,000 plants already in operation. In the U.S., approvals for companies to drill for oil and fossil methane gas are on schedule to reach their highest level since the presidency of George W. Bush. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Study_Shows_How_Corporations_Are_Deceiving the_Public_to_‘Greenwash_Their_Brand’⠀⇛ A detailed study published Monday finds that the climate pledges of some of the world’s largest companies are often highly misleading, lack transparency, and fall well short of what’s necessary to avert catastrophic warming, casting further doubt on the viability of global emission- reduction plans that depend on voluntary corporate action. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ Bridge Michigan ☛ Ford_EV_battery_plant_on_Marshall Michigan_megasite_gets_$1B_in_incentives⠀⇛ Ford says it will open in 2026, employing 2,500 people and using a design licensed by a Chinese partner The Marshall factory will be the first lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery factory in U.S., allowing Ford to sell two battery styles # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Methane_Pyrolysis:_Producing_Green Hydrogen_Without_Carbon_Emissions⠀⇛ Generally, when we talk about the production of hydrogen, the discussion is about either electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen, or steam methane reforming (SMR). Although electrolysis is often mentioned – as it can create hydrogen using nothing but water and electricity – SMR is by far the most common source of hydrogen. Much of this is due to the low cost and high efficiency of SMR, but a major disadvantage of SMR is that large amounts of carbon dioxide are released, which offsets some of the benefits of using hydrogen as a fuel in the first place. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Battling_a_Mining_Goliath_on_Two Continents⠀⇛ Lynas bills itself as the only significant producer of separated rare earth oxides outside of China. It mines these minerals at Mt. Weld in Western Australia. From there, it sends the material to a secondary processing facility in Malaysia where it separates and processes the ore. According to its own promotional materials, Lynas is “designed from the ground up as an environmentally responsible producer.” Lee Tan disagrees. She’s originally from Kuantan, the Malaysian port where Lynas’s processing facility is located. She not only takes issue with the way Lynas describes itself. She has devoted a decade of activism to exposing the activities of the Australian company and trying to stop more radioactive waste from accumulating in her hometown. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Profits,_Drilling_Plans_Prove_UAE_Oil Exec_‘Unfit’_to_Chair_UN_Climate_Summit:_Amnesty⠀⇛ The campaign to oust Sultan Ahmed al-Jaber from his role as president-designate of the forthcoming United Nations climate summit ratcheted up Monday after the fossil fuel corporation he oversees announced record profits along with plans to expand. # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Big_Oil’s_Been_Secretly_Validating_Critics’ Concerns_about_Carbon_Capture⠀⇛ Last February, ExxonMobil announced it would further expand its only active carbon capture and storage (CCS) operation in the United States, located at a gas processing facility in LaBarge, Wyoming. Shute Creek is the world’s largest CCS project and has been operational for over 30 years. Although the oil giant publicly touts carbon capture as a “proven” climate solution, its own early foray reveals just how flimsy of a fix the technology really is — and how expensive, both for taxpayers and the climate. For starters, at Exxon’s Shute Creek, nearly all of the CO2 separated from the extracted fossil gas either has been sold, for a profit, to other drillers to use for squeezing out hard-to-recover oil elsewhere (a process called enhanced oil recovery) or vented back into the atmosphere. Only 3 percent of the Wyoming project’s CO2 has been geologically stored in the same formation from which the original gas was extracted, according to estimates from the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA). o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Wired ☛ Pig_Butchering_Scams_Are_Evolving_Fast⠀⇛ Researchers found that to stay relevant and deceive more victims in recent months, so-called pig butchering attacks are developing both more compelling narratives to draw targets in and more sophisticated tech to convince victims that there’s big money to be made. Even before these refinements, the scams were big business. The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center received more than 4,300 submissions related to pig butchering scams in 2021, totaling more than $429 million in losses. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ We’re_Living_in_a_Golden_Age_of_Plenty—for_the Rich⠀⇛ A few weeks ago, the world’s power brokers—politicians, CEOs, millionaires, billionaires—met in Davos, the mountainous Swiss resort town, for the 2023 World Economic Forum. In an annual ritual that reads ever more like Orwellian farce, the global elite gathered—their private jets lined up like gleaming sardines at a nearby private airport—to discuss the most pressing issues of our time, many of which they are chiefly responsible for creating. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Robbing_From_the_Poor_to_Educate_the_Rich⠀⇛ The assault on public education currently unfolding in state legislatures across the United States stands to annually transfer tens of billions of dollars from public treasuries to the bank accounts of upper-income families. Those dollars, which otherwise would have gone to public schools, will instead reimburse parents currently paying private school tuition. It’s a reverse Robin Hood scheme that Americans would hate if they fully understood what was going on.1 # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Rescue_Our_Democratic_Society: Constitutionally_Render_Corporations_Unequal_to_Humans⠀⇛ No other institutions consistently Rule over as Much in the World as the Giant Global Corporations – not governments, not armies, not religions and certainly not trade unions. These fictional corporate entities have largely achieved transcendent imperial status, as they amass coordinated control over capital, labor, technology and governments because they have secured the rights bestowed upon human beings. In a confrontation or a conflict or even a contract, it is no contest: mere people don’t have a chance. As Supreme Court Justice Louis D. Brandeis warned in 1933, we have created a “Frankenstein monster” in our midst, whose unifying lust for power and control on behalf of their profits know few limits. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Letter_from_London:_Hey_Ho,_Let’s_Go!⠀⇛ As I write, little appears on the table when it comes to resolving the strikes over here. The rail strikes for example are to continue. Last week saw the biggest NHS strike in history. Nobody, in England at least, appears to be talking. Scotland and Wales look closer to a deal. I had a post-op appointment the same week and was wondering how the mood would be in hospital. Much of the British press continues to be antagonistic towards the strikers, while the public seem by and large behind them. I am guessing our media barons will have to decide at some point just how far they wish to alienate their British readers. One poll says fewer than 17% think Sunak’s government is doing a good job of negotiating. Labour are not exactly chanting support for the strikers, but an unsurprising 31% expect they would fare better. It is as though everyone is jumping ship over here. One of the most sorted non-British friends I have has just admitted to ‘getting walloped’ by the cost of living here, and I wonder how much longer they can stay. I also met up with a very good friend who is returning to live in the Caribbean as a result of the present financial and political climate. He has had enough. I don’t blame him. People are in denial about quite how bad things really are. This friend gets the feeling half of the businesses in the country are leaving alongside him. ‘Question I guess is, what would Labour do?’ he asks. I know former prime minister Boris Johnson has yet again been to telling us all to ‘shrug off all this negativity and gloom-mongering’ but it must help when you get handed a £2.5m advance for speaking engagements, taking your outside non-parliamentary income to nearly £5m in the past year. As for my imminently departing friend, the last time I was in the Caribbean, I was remembering to him, was in Trinidad. Even though I was there to see an old school friend who had been battling cancer, a battle he lost in the end, I was reminded again during that trip of why people so liked the region. (I had also visited Bermuda, if that counts, the Bahamas, Barbados, and St Lucia.) It helped that my friend was adventurous and from an adventurous family — his Scottish father had been an aerial surveyor in the Caribbean, South America, Africa, South East Asia and the Middle East. As if realising this might be our last jaunt together, my friend and I — with his brother and brother’s girlfriend — sailed not so far from the Venezuelan coast. This was in their marvellously bashed about yacht. While my friend insisted rather gleefully that there were pirates about, I remember monitoring the horizon with a benign smile on my face. Sailing so close to the wind, and with a shared sense of humour on board, made me feel very fortunate indeed. Still staring out, we began discussing the history of enslavement on the island, and the long brutal journeys that had to be made from Africa to the sugar and cocoa plantations. These would last up to three brutal months. Many people would arrive ill and weak — those who had not already perished, that is. I remember suddenly feeling seasick. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ When_the_WPA_Created_Over_400,000_Jobs_for Black_Workers⠀⇛ In response to the Great Depression, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) created jobs for over 8 million people between 1935 and 1943. While data on the racial composition of WPA workers isn’t available for all of these years, the data we have for 1939, 1941, and 1942 make clear that the WPA […] o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_Washington_Tolerates_the_Trump_Family’s Saudi_Corruption⠀⇛ Using off-the-record statements from former White House officials as well as public evidence, Kranish makes a compelling case that there was a shady quid pro quo between the Trump family and MBS. When they held the White House, the Trumps took the existing American alliance with Saudi Arabia and pushed into a new level of personal devotion to MBS, whose position as crown prince was precarious and needed shoring up. Saudi Arabia was the first country Trump visited as president. Under Trump, the USA turned a blind eye to escalating human rights abuses inside Saudi Arabia and mounting war crimes in the American-supported Saudi war against Yemen. When Washington Post writer and Saudi dissident Jamal Ahmad Khashoggi was kidnapped and gruesomely murdered at the behest of MBS, the Trump White House protected the Saudi autocrat from the ensuing backlash. # ⚓ FAIR ☛ ‘Gigi_Sohn_Has_Faced_Relentless_Smear_Campaigns, Some_Funded_by_the_Telecom_Industry’⠀⇛ Therein lies the tale—a disheartening one of outsized corporate power and the denaturing of government’s public interest obligation, and of transparently scurrilous right-wing attacks, and lagging, inadequate response. And back of it all, the critical fight for a media universe that lives up to the promise to be open, diverse, creative and liberatory, and not yet another sphere of corporate power and might makes right. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Meta_business_chief_to_depart⠀⇛ Fifty-two-year-old Levine, appointed as the company’s first chief business officer in 2021, has served in various other executive positions at the social media company, including chief operating officer of Instagram. # ⚓ Variety ☛ Meta_Sales_Chief_Marne_Levine_Resigns⠀⇛ With Levine’s exit, Nicola Mendelsohn, Meta’s head of global business group, and Justin Osofsky, head of online sales, operations and partnerships, are taking on expanded roles as Meta’s most senior sales and partnership leaders, reporting to COO Javier Olivan. The company said the new structure “continues to bring our business and product teams closer together.” # ⚓ VOA News ☛ China-Owned_Parent_Company_of_TikTok_Among_Top Spenders_on_Internet_Lobbying⠀⇛ Publicly available information collected by OpenSecrets, a Washington nonprofit that tracks campaign finance and lobbying data, shows that ByteDance and its subsidiaries, including TikTok, the wildly popular short video app, have spent more than $13 million on U.S. lobbying since 2020. In 2022 alone, Fox News reported, the companies spent $5.4 million on lobbying. Only Amazon.com ($19.7 million) and the parent companies of Google ($11 million) and Facebook ($19 million) spent more, according to OpenSecrets. In the fourth quarter of 2022, ByteDance spent $1.2 million on lobbying, according to Fox News. # ⚓ Computer World ☛ Microsoft_cuts_HoloLens,_Xbox,_Surface jobs_as_industrial_metaverse_team_said_to_fold⠀⇛ Facing macroeconomic uncertainty and slowing growth, Microsoft has confirmed that it is laying off employees working on its HoloLens, Surface laptop and Xbox products, as reports surface that it will be cutting 100 employees working for its industrial metaverse unit — essentially closing down that team. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Sean_Patrick_Maloney_Has_No_Business_Being_in the_Department_of_Labor⠀⇛ Barely five minutes after losing his seat in Congress, Sean Patrick Maloney is out campaigning for a consolation prize: United States secretary of labor. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Mind_of_a_Materialist⠀⇛ In 1971, the Turkish novelist Sevgi Soysal found herself in prison. The charges? Obscenity, communism, and losing her ID. The first two were beyond dispute: The candor of her fiction, alongside her (complicated) commitment to communism, challenged the country’s conservative mores. But the last charge remains apocryphal. During an argument between friends, she apparently bellowed the word yeter (“enough!”) so loudly that it drew the attention of the police. With martial law in effect, “enough!” was enough to be mistaken for political protest. The police booked her, nominally for not producing an identification card, and she was soon shipped off to the Yildirim region’s Women’s Ward. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Why_People_Don’t_Even_Trust_the_Super_Bowl⠀⇛ The United States suffers from a profound mistrust in institutions that used to be considered sacrosanct. Across the political spectrum, people are subjecting elections, politicians, the courts, and even science to unprecedented scrutiny. There is a crisis in confidence in the legitimacy of everything that was once foundational. Now we can add the ultimate all-American spectacle, the Super Bowl, to this list. After Super Bowl 57, in which the Kansas City Chiefs defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 38-35, #Rigged was trending on Twitter around the world. The game’s culmination left much to be desired, and outside of Kansas City, howls of dissatisfaction echoed throughout social media. That’s not the way the National Football League wanted to end its season. Its most valuable commodity is the idea that “on any given Sunday” any result is possible. This was proven true, but it wasn’t the ending anyone wanted. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Humanity_Can_No_Longer_Tolerate Corporations_That_Exist_Almost_Entirely_to_Make_Money⠀⇛ In most countries, it’s left up to business owners, CEOs and boards to decide what their purpose is, and all too often the choice is ultimately based on greed. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ramzan_Kadyrov_says_top_Chechen_general_was targeted_by_poisoning_attempt_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Chechnya Governor Ramzan Kadyrov reported Monday that Apti Alaudinov, one of his assistants and the commander of Chechnya’s forces in Ukraine, was recently the target of a poisoning attempt. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ How_Dare_They_Show_Up_All_Black_and Excellent:_Lift_Every_Voice⠀⇛ Boasting the usual hype, glitz, plugs and some football, Sunday also showcased what was arguably “the Blackest, most woke Super Bowl ever”: Black History Month, two first-ever black quarterbacks, black performers, and sweet white Jesus a soaring Black National Anthem?! MAGA-land heads exploded: Satan, racism, divisiveness, leaving “NOTHING for the White People of our land!” “Hateful gargoyle” MTG: The white singer was good but “we could have gone without the wokeness.” America: “You mean the blackness.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders-Warren_Plan_Would_Tax_the_Rich_to Increase_Social_Security_by_$2,400_a_Year⠀⇛ As congressional Republicans threaten to cut Social Security and other key federal programs, progressive Sens. Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren led a group of lawmakers Monday in unveiling legislation that would increase Social Security benefits by at least $200 per month and prolong the program’s solvency for decades by finally requiring wealthy Americans to pay their fair share. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Sanders_to_Elevate_Crisis_of_Low_Teacher Pay_With_Union_Leaders⠀⇛ “I do not think we should accept it as ‘normal’ in our society that billionaires get massive tax breaks while teachers in this country have to work a second job just to make ends meet,” said the Vermont Independent senator. “We must pay all teachers in America at least $60,000.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Warnings_of_‘Dark_Dictatorship’_in_Israel as_Protesters_Rage_Against_Far-Right_Judicial_Reforms​⠀⇛ Massive protests erupted in Israel on Monday as the country’s far-right government, led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, began advancing judicial reforms that would roll back judicial oversight of parliament and give lawmakers more control over Supreme Court appointments, proposed changes that opposition leader Yair Lapid decried as an attempt to impose a “dark dictatorship.” # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ New_Israeli_Regime_Moves_Toward_“Cleansing” All_Palestinians_From_Palestine⠀⇛ Israel’s new fascist government has increased the collective punishment of Palestinians — a war crime. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ A_Look_Into_What_Advertisers_Elon’s_Twitter_Has In_Its_Future⠀⇛ We were just talking about how Twitter’s ad revenue woes may be even worse than previously expected. Earlier reports had suggested that ad revenue was down 40% as many of the biggest advertisers had abandoned ship in the name of protecting their own brand safety. But the more recent report said that advertising was actually down over 70% in December. We also noted that many of the remaining bigger name advertisers are on long-term deals that were signed before Musk took over, which raises questions about whether or not they’ll renew, as Musk’s “content moderation” ideas seem to be mainly around punishing people he doesn’t like, bringing back literal Nazis, and allowing the infamous Russian mercenary paramilitary org Wagner Group PMC to recruit Americans to fight against Ukraine. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Even_Former_NSA_Lawyers_Don’t_Think_A_TikTok_Ban Fixes_The_Actual_Problem⠀⇛ We’ve mentioned more than a few times how the great moral panic over TikTok is a hollow performance by unserious people who have little actual interest in consumer privacy. Folks like the FCC’s Brendan Carr, who’ve spent years opposing funding privacy regulators or passing a meaningful Internet privacy law, yet now suffer repeated, performative embolisms when TikTok exploits a reality they helped create. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Ocasio-Cortez_Blasts_Christian_Super_Bowl_Ads That_“Make_Fascism_Look_Benign”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_media_reports_United_Russia_deputy_from Tuva_parliament_fatally_shot_man_on_hunting_trip_after mistaking_him_for_animal_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The local branch of Russia’s Investigative Committee in the Tuva Republic reported Monday that a criminal case has been opened against a 44-year- old local man who fatally shot another man on a hunting trip after mistaking him for an animal. # ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ Fact_check:_Are_Transcarpathian_Hungarian soldiers_really_being_taken_to_Orbán_if_they_surrender_to_the Russians?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Be._Very._Careful._Who._You._Invite._In.⠀⇛ In his essay in the Opinion section of the New York Times on Feb. 1, 2023, “Be Open to Spiritual Experience. Also, Be Really Careful,”[1] Ross Douthat’s seemingly amorphous warning is really aimed at the two new statues by citizen-of-the- world visual artist Shahzia Sikander, appearing in the public space of the roof of the New York Appellate Court and adjacent to it, in the shape of a flowering female form installed in Madison Square Park. In one of the more bizarre columns of his that I’ve read, Douthat claims he wants to both “defend the rationality of this kind of spiritual experimentation” (which he sees manifested in Sikander’s work), then to warn us about its dangers. While I have no idea what he means by “the rationality of spiritual experimentation,” he attacks what he sees as three contemporary manifestations of it: the current Tik Tok craze, the DMT or “psychonautic” drug experimentation culture, and finally, Sikander’s “statue on a New York courthouse, occupying a plinth near famous lawgivers like Moses and Confucius. It’s a golden woman, or at least a female figure, with braided hair shaped like horns, roots or tendrils for arms and feet, rising from a lotus flower.” Whilst acknowledging that this “golden woman” who wears “a version of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s lace collar” is meant to evoke “female power in a historically male-dominated legal world and to protest Roe v. Wade’s reversal” as the artist herself has stated, what disturbs the liberal sentiments of Douthat nonetheless is the fact that “the work is clearly an attempt at a religious icon as well, one forged in a blurring of spiritual traditions.” It is this “blurring”, or more aptly, a “queering” of heteronormative, white Christian patriarchal belief systems that have shaped America’s justice system from its very founding, that I believe, most disturbs the equanimity of the critic, what gives him pause in his liberal, tolerant worldview. This “blurring” of spiritual traditions is evident to him in the fact that the statue on the rooftop instead of having feet firmly planted in our earthly firmament, instead arises, feet-less, all golden-bathed 8 feet of it, out of a lotus flower, thus evidencing some sort of pantheistic deity, evoking a “nature-spirituality” that turns the human female form into a “magical hybrid plant-animal.” Douthat’s discomfort, fear even, at this queering of the (white) female form, named “NOW” by the artist (which evokes both the need for abortion-rights female lawgivers such as the late Ruth Bader Ginsberg in our current moment when such rights are being repealed, as well as a sly reference to NOW, the premier US women’s rights organization),  mounts as he describes the statue it is in dialogue with, erected in the middle of Madison Square Park across from the courthouse. This one, an 18- foot- tall female form wearing a hooped skirt and stylized horns for hair with roots instead of feet, is named “WITNESS” and together the two sculptures make up “HAVAH: to breathe, air, life.” The word Havah, evoking the Arabic and Hebrew name for Eve, in Douthat’s view “mak[es] a feminist claim on the monotheistic tradition”; such a claim might even be acceptable to the liberal- minded side of Douthat, but the fact that the statue like the one atop the courthouse is evocative of a nature-animal-human triptych, is more than our critic, at bottom a Christian conservative (as he himself tells us), can bear. He bemoans, “finally it’s very hard not to see the braids-as-horns, the tendrils that look a bit tentacle-like, as an appropriation of Christian images of the demonic in a statue that stands against the politics of conservative Christianity.” His veiled critique of Shahzia Sikander’s “anti- Christian” statuary work is more clearly spelled out in the Christian Broadcasting Network’s statement, # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Trump_Dismissed_Research_He_Paid_for_After_It Debunked_Election_Fraud_Claims⠀⇛ # ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ ‘Many_will_attack_me_for_this’_– Hungarian_FM_in_Belarus⠀⇛ # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ Reason ☛ Can_the_Feds_Prosecute_Douglass_Mackey_for His_Twitter_Trolling?⠀⇛ At one point he posted a series of images that seemed geared to trick Hillary Clinton supporters into thinking that they could vote by text. “Avoid the line. Vote from home,” one of these images reads against a Clinton- branded background. “Text ‘Hillary’ to 59925.” According to a Justice Department press release, at least 4,900 people texted the number before Election Day. Federal officials say this was a deliberate attempt to violate voters’ constitutional rights. On January 27, 2021, they charged Mackey with conspiracy “to injure, oppress, threaten and intimidate one or more persons in the free exercise and enjoyment of a right and privilege secured to them by the Constitution and laws of the United States, to wit: the right to vote.” Their case rests on an 1870 law designed to prevent violent white supremacist mobs from preventing black citizens from voting. The Justice Department believes this is the first time an American has faced criminal charges for Twitter disinformation. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Fourth_Circuit_Latest_To_Say_Filming_Cops_Is Protected_By_The_First_Amendment⠀⇛ The Supreme Court — years after the ubiquity of cell phones and their cameras — has yet to provide nationwide guidance on a topic that should be considered settled: the right to record public officials while they engage in their public duties. # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Access_to_VOA_and_RFE/RL_websites_restricted_in Afghanistan⠀⇛ The websites of both outlets are inaccessible on three of Afghanistan’s privately owned telecommunications providers—Afghan Wireless, Roshan, and Etisalat Afghanistan—but remain accessible to users of the state-owned telecom company Salam, according to a report by VOA, a statement by RFE/RL, and two journalists inside the country who spoke to CPJ on the condition of anonymity, citing fear of reprisal. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Belarusian_Nobel_Winner_Byalyatski_Says_Trial Politically_Motivated,_Reiterates_Innocence⠀⇛ Byalyatski also said state media reports about Vyasna and its work had been highly biased and noted that one of the four lawyers who defended him during the 18 months since the case opened had been imprisoned for eight years while two others had their licenses stripped. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_authorities_announce_launch_of_Oculus,_an automated_system_for_detecting_‘LGBT_propaganda’_and_other banned_content_online_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The Main Radio Frequency Center, an entity overseen by Russia’s federal censorship agency, announced Monday that it has launched a new automated system called Oculus that will search the Internet for photo and video content that’s banned under Russian law. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ CPJ ☛ ‘Don’t_give_up’:_After_fleeing_overseas,_Hong_Kong journalists_fight_on⠀⇛ He is among a growing number of Hong Kong journalists now reporting from overseas due to the shrinking space for independent reporting back home, with new outlets set up and managed from places like the United Kingdom and Australia. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Somali_Journalist_Freed_in_Surprise_Move_Hours After_Conviction⠀⇛ “When I was taken to Mogadishu central prison, officers refused to jail me granting my immediate freedom,” he said on Twitter. “I went straight to my office to conduct my daily routine. I will continue to be on the forefront of defending press freedom and human rights in Somalia,” he added. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ EFF_Backs_California_Bill_to_Protect_People_Seeking Abortion_and_Gender-Affirming_Care_from_Dragnet_Digital Surveillance⠀⇛ Stop All Digital Dragnet Surveillance of Vulnerable People Assemblymember Mia Bonta (D-Oakland) on Monday introduced AB 793, a bill to prevent unconstitutional searches of people’s data. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Meet_the_Activist_Championing_the_Rights_of Workers_From_the_Inside⠀⇛ The general counsel of the National Labor Relations Board, a federal agency founded in 1935 to protect the right of private employees to organize in order to improve their working conditions, doesn’t come off as either a frumpy bureaucrat or a firebrand. Jennifer Abruzzo has the look and demeanor of a fun art teacher. Her shoulder-length curly hair and thin-rimmed glasses frame a face that could be 45 or 65 (she’s 59). On the day I met her in her corner office, she was wearing a navy-blue jumpsuit with a green scarf in place of a tie and bright magenta nail polish. A bookshelf running along one wall is filled with huge accordion folders stuffed with papers, and a framed illustration of Ruth Bader Ginsburg displaying the words “Women belong in all places where decisions are being made” sits atop it. As we talk, she sips from a large mug that identifies her as the “Best Grandma Ever.” A credenza next to her desk is lined with family photos. She travels to the Carolinas to babysit her son’s two kids. She remembers the birthdays of everyone she works with.1 # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Growing_Number_of_US_Teen_Girls_Face_Sexual Violence_and_Depression:_CDC_Report⠀⇛ Child development experts and other advocates said Monday that new federal data regarding the struggles of adolescents in the United States should serve as an urgent call to action, as teenage girls reported facing rising levels of sexual violence as well as suicidal thoughts and depression in a survey taken by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ NYPD_Adds_$121_Million_In_Settlements_To_Its $11.2_Billion_Tab⠀⇛ New York’s Finest continue to set the sort of records New York residents would rather the NYPD didn’t. The NYPD is not too big to fail. But it’s apparently too big to curtail. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ 25_Years_of_V-Day:_Ending_Gender_Violence, Fighting_Tentacles_of_Patriarchy_&_New_“Reckoning”_Memoir⠀⇛ February 14 marks the 25th anniversary of V-Day, the global movement to end violence against women, gender-expansive people, girls and the planet. It is also the 10th anniversary of V-Day’s One Billion Rising campaign, a call to action based on the staggering reality that one in three women on the planet will be beaten or raped during her lifetime. The V-Day movement brings together activism and art to transform systems and change culture and was founded by the activist V, formerly Eve Ensler, author of the “The Vagina Monologues” and her new memoir “Reckoning.” This year the One Billion Rising campaign is focusing on “Freedom from Patriarchy and from all its progeny.” We discuss decades of activism, events planned this year, and what reckoning looks like with activist and V-Day founder V, alongside Monique Wilson, global director of One Billion Rising, and Christine Schuler Deschryver, director of V-Day Congo and co- founder and director of City of Joy, a revolutionary community for women survivors of gender violence in Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. # ⚓ BBC ☛ Sara_Khadem:_Top_Iran_chess_player_exiled_for refusing_headscarf⠀⇛ Instead, she can’t return to Iran – there are arrest papers waiting for her, and she now lives in exile in southern Spain, with her husband and one- year-old son. She and her family asked the BBC not to reveal her precise location; their worry is that there may be repercussions even thousands of miles away from Iran. # ⚓ Arab News ☛ Iran_to_‘firmly_punish’_hijab_violators: report⠀⇛ But authorities signalled less tolerance since the start of the year, with police warning that women must wear headscarves even in cars. On Tuesday, Mehr news agency reported that the prosecutor general had issued a directive in which “police were ordered to firmly punish any hijab violations.” # ⚓ RFA ☛ Uh,_Ju_Ae…_We_have_to_change_your_name⠀⇛ That’s why officials called in the parents of a 12- year-old Ju Ae in the northwestern city of Chongju on Feb. 8 – along with every other Ju Ae in the area – to choose new names and update their birth certificates, a source who lives in her neighborhood told RFA’s Korean Service on condition of anonymity for security reasons. “The social security official said that the reason why the authorities are investigating individuals named ‘Ju Ae’ and forcing them to change their names is because the name of the daughter touted as the ‘Noble Child of the Highest Dignity’ is Ju Ae,” the source said, using an honorific term to refer to Kim Jong Un. “An order has been issued to get rid of anyone with the same name.” # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Ban_On_Physical_Mail_Slated_For_NYC_Jails,_Which Could_Go_Digital_Instead⠀⇛ Prison is a scary place, very much by design. It’s a place you end up when convicted of crimes by the judicial system, or in some cases, if you’re merely awaiting trial. Once you go in as a prisoner, general freedom and a laundry list of other rights are denied to you. New York City is the latest in a long list of municipalities looking to expand that list to include a ban on inmates receiving physical mail. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Study:_Racism_Plays_Bigger_Role_in_Black-White Infant_Mortality_Gap_Than_Wealth⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Sanders_Isn’t_Afraid_to_Subpoena_Starbucks_CEO to_Get_Him_to_Appear_in_Congress⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ From_Palestine_to_US_Prisons,_Radical_Love_Can Guide_Our_Fight_for_Liberation⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Israel_Defies_International_Law_to_Legalize_9 Settler_Colonies_on_Occupied_Land⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ We_Can’t_Let_Antisemitism_Be_Weaponized_to Criminalize_Solidarity_With_Palestine⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ California_Reparations_Task_Force_Pushes_for More_Systemic_Reforms⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Demon_Copperhead:_the_American_Protest Novel_Revisited⠀⇛ To write her most recent novel, (2022; 549 pages; $32.50; Harper Collins) her tenth in the past 35 years, Barbara Kingsolver turned for inspiration to Charles Dickens whom she calls her “genius friend.” In the acknowledgements, she writes, “I’m grateful to Charles Dickens for writing David Copperfield, his impassioned critique of institutional poverty and its damaging effects on children in his society.” She adds, “Those problems are still with us.” Isn’t that obvious? Why hit us over the head with it? In the body of the novel, Kingsolver’s protagonist and narrator— a poor white kid, a drug addict, an orphan and a born again artist— explains that while Dickens was a “seriously old guy, dead and a foreigner, but Jesus Christ did he get the picture on kids and orphans getting screwed over and nobody giving a rat’s ass. You’d think he was from around here.” For Copperhead, whose hair is the color of copper wire, “around here” means Appalachia, where Kingsolver lives on a farm with her husband. The time is now, though there are very few references to contemporary events. The Iraq war is one of them. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Why_is_New_York_City_Removing_Free_Broadband_In_Favor of_Charter?⠀⇛ In response, former union workers at Spectrum opted to build their own broadband cooperative called People’s Choice Communications, to deliver free high-speed access. This was unequivocally a good thing. The de Blasio Administration itself was even in the process of contracting with the worker-owned cooperative to build new networks. But since the election of Mayor Eric Adams, this critical progress has not only come to a halt, it is also now actively being undermined, to the benefit of large cable corporations. Instead of pursuing long term solutions to low-income access, as outlined by the Internet Master Plan, Mayor Adams has abandoned that plan. Now, the Adams administration is pushing an extraordinarily wasteful proposal dubbed “Big Apple Connect,” that literally just hands money over to cable companies. Let’s be crystal clear: Going from a plan to invest millions into building public infrastructure to a plan to subsidize cable companies is a gigantic waste. Building multi-generational public infrastructure that can eventually deliver free access is the only means of achieving long-term sustainable support. Giving money to cable companies to pay their inflated bills will build nothing, and it won’t deliver 21st century infrastructure to those most denied it. It simply pads the profits of companies that have long- neglected these communities and failed to improve access—even when granted money to do so. The original NYC proposal captures exactly what needs to be done to deliver permanent solutions. It would have created infrastructure that can lead to the creation of more local solutions like the People’s Choice Communications. NYC’s population density makes it attractive to small, local providers because there is such high demand for broadband that even small networks can find customers. Accessible fiber that is provisioned on an open and affordable basis dramatically lowers the barrier to entering the broadband market. This would both create competition and drive down prices for everyone, not just low-income people, as new entrants enter the market delivering gigabit-level connectivity. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Once_Again,_I_See_This_Bad_Internet_Bill_From Senators_Manchin_&_Cornyn,_And_So_I’m_Saying_Something⠀⇛ Not this again… a few years ago we wrote a post about Senator Joe Manchin’s very, very, very bad “See Something Say Something” Act. The bill would remove Section 230 for companies that don’t file a shit ton of nonsense busywork filings for anything they see online that might be bad having to do with illegal drug sales. Basically, if a company becomes aware of anything suspicious it would need to file a “suspicious transmission activity report” (STAR). o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Obama’s_turncoat_antitrust_enforcer_is_angry about_the_Google_breakup⠀⇛ The DoJ’s antitrust lawsuit against Google triggered an avalanche of pearl-clutching editorials from establishment lawyers and economists who argue that such a move is both counterproductive and legally incoherent. These Very Bad Takes are only to be expected, since they emanate from ideologues who volunteered to serve as Renfields for vampiric monopolists. A prime example is the Washington Post’s unsigned editorial, which starts with the conclusion that monopolies are both legal and generally beneficial, then works backwards to invent facts to support that conclusion: [...] # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_LDS_Church_Opposes_‘Bad_Mormon’ Trademark_Application_Over_‘Tarnishment’_Concerns⠀⇛ The Church of Latter Day Saints has made it onto our pages before for trying to abuse intellectual property laws, typically to keep content out of the public eye that it finds undesirable. I do like to note in posts like this that the LDS Church has also occasionally been quite lenient when it comes to responding to critiques or commentary as well. You may have heard of a wildly popular Broadway musical, for instance. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Z-Library_Returns_on_the_Clearnet_in Full_Hydra-Mode⠀⇛ The U.S. Government’s crackdown against Z- Library late last year aimed to wipe out the pirate library for good. The criminal prosecution caused disruption but didn’t bring the site completely to its knees. Z- Library continued to operate on the dark web and this weekend, reappeared on the clearnet, offering a ‘unique’ domain name to all users. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ Bicycle_🚲⠀⇛ I cycle a bit, but my bike got beyond repair. So I’ve signed up with Swapfiets, a hire company. The name is Dutch for “swapbike”. I got the bike yesterday. If there’s a problem, I just arrange a swap for another one. The bike is pleasantly sedate, as Dutch bikes tend to be. It has hub gears, brakes when you back- pedal, and its hub dynamo lights are always on until you stop moving. Seems good so far. I rode home from the station, much to the surprise of my cycling muscles. # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_BDGIUNM_Wordo:_CLOYS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nox⠀⇛ After Diablo came along, the game opened the floodgates for a slew of pointy, clicky isometric action RPGs on the PC. Some of these games made a pretty decent splash, proving themselves to be more than mere copycats of Blizzard’s popular release. Nox was one such example of this. Released in 2000, it was developed by Westwood Studios in the latter years of the developer’s life, being one of many, many popular studios from the 1980s and 90s that were bought up by Electronic Arts at some point only shuttered a few years later. o § Technical⠀➾ # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Empty_user_capsules_removed⠀⇛ Happy Valentine’s Day, Gemini lovers! ❤️ As per my earlier announcement, I tidied the place up a bit for you. A total of 14 empty or explicitly abandoned user accounts at gemini.circumlunar.space were removed (23% of the total population). This little act of housekeeping is just the first and the smallest step in my plan to give the Gemini project some long overdue care and attention this year. Stay tuned, and stay smol! =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3166 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 02.14.23⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_14/02/2023:_Plasma_5.27_and_Russia_Builds_M_OS⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Server o Audiocasts/Shows o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o New_Releases o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers/Web_Servers # Chromium # Mozilla * Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra * FSF * Programming/Development o Python o Rust * Leftovers o Science o Education o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Patents # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Technical # Science * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ A_new_operating_system_has_been_released_in Russia⠀⇛ The Russian software market has welcomed a new operating system called “M OS,” which is based on the Linux kernel. The operating system is specifically designed for use in educational institutions and is being developed by the Department of Information Technologies of the city of Moscow. The team responsible for the development of electronic services and IT systems in the capital has collaborated with Russian developers to create “M OS.” A team of 25 developers has worked on the development of “M OS”. And the distribution kit took six months to develop. The product is already supplied to Moscow schools as part of personal computers, laptops, and interactive panels. The Moscow Electronic School (MES) project team is supporting and developing “M OS.” o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Nicholas Tietz-Sokolsky ☛ A_systems_design_perspective_on why_chess.com’s_servers_have_been_melting_|_nicholas@web⠀⇛ January 2023 was a rough month if you wanted to play chess on the most popular chess website, chess.com. Their service has been experiencing an unprecedented amount downtime because of a huge influx of users. There have been days where it’s all but unusable. It’s frustrating as a user! It’s also surely frustrating for the business behind the site. Chess has reached an all-time peak in popularity. In January 2023, Google search traffic exceeded the boom from the release of The Queen’s Gambit. There’s a huge influx of new or returning players, and they flock to the site with the obvious domain. Chess.com’s app has hit #1 most downloaded free game on the iOS app store. Part of doing good systems design is planning for capacity. A general rule of thumb is that you should design a system for up to a certain amount of growth. Beyond some point, architectural requirements will be dramatically different. Planning for capacity does not mean planning for infinite capacity, but what may realistically happen. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_216⠀⇛ Canonical’s latest Ubuntu PR blunder, Mastodon and the fediverse are doing a lot better than some journalists seem to think, yet another telemetry row, the company behind Mycroft is struggling, KDE Korner, and more.   News We now have a Discord server (as well as the Telegram group, Matrix room, and IRC channel). o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Enable_Ubuntu_Pro_and_Activate_ESM_in Ubuntu_18.04_LTS⠀⇛ Still using Ubuntu 18.04 Beaver Bionic? Then don’t forget to enable Ubuntu Pro and activate the Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) for enhanced security to keep your system and its data safe from malicious attacks. # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_check_Nginx_version_on_Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ Effective_IP_blocking_with_Iptables:_A_guide_to secure_Linux_systems⠀⇛ iptables are recognizable to most system administrators. It has been around for a long and is enabled by default in the Linux kernel. We may use iptables to ban a single IP address, several IP addresses, or whole networks. This may be useful if you receive repeated port scans or witness failed unauthorized access in your log files. IP blocking is a more effective security measure. # ⚓ FOSSLinux ☛ The_15_best_practices_for_securing_Linux_with Iptables⠀⇛ IPTables is a powerful firewall tool for Linux systems, but managing its rules can be a complex and confusing task. In this article, we’ll provide you with the 15 best practices for managing iptables rules effectively and efficiently, helping you to secure your Linux-based systems and prevent unwanted network traffic. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ Dig_Command:_The_Most_Common_Use_Cases_in Examples⠀⇛ This example-filled guide shows you how to make the most of the Linux dig command to perform DNS lookups, reverse lookups, and more. # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ The_BSD_sockstat(1)_command⠀⇛ In today’s installment ofthings_you_already_know, unless_you_don’t, you can usesockstat(1)on the BSDs to list open sockets. From themanpage(1), you can issue this command to show IPv4 sockets listening on port 22 using protocol TCP: $ sockstat -4 -l -P tcp -p 22 [...] I can’t tell you how many times this has saved me during a late-night troubleshooting session, when a service claims to be up but isn’t. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_WikiJS_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ WikiJS is a modern Wiki Engine based on Git, NodeJS & Markdown, It is one of the open-source, and powerful Wiki Engines. It supports various databases engine like MySQL, MariaDB, MSSQL, and PostgreSQL. It is fairly easy to use and supports multi-lingual content. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Wekan_Kanban_Board_on_Debian⠀⇛ Hi. Today, you will learn How to install Wekan Kanban Board on Debian Wekan is a free and open- source Kanban Board, that allows you to manage daily tasks efficiently. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install Neofetch on_AlmaLinux_9_/ RockyLinux_9⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how to install NeoFetch on AlmaLinux 9 / RockyLinux 9 systems. Neofetch is a system information tool written in the Bash shell scripting language. On the left side is always a logo of the distribution, rendered in old-fashioned ASCII art. U # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_AdGuard_Home_on_Rocky_Linux_9/ AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how to install and configure AdGuard Home on your AlmaLinux 9 system. AdGuard Home is a free and open source, powerful network-wide ads & trackers blocking DNS server. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_aaPanel_on_Rocky_Linux_9_| AlmaLinux_9⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how to install aaPanel on AlmaLinux and RockyLinux systems. aaPanel is a free and open source hosting Control Panel. # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_check_Apache_version_on_Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_install_Yum_on_Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_install_Brew_on_Linux⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ The_new_Vampire_Survivors_update_is_trippy and_pulled_me_back_in⠀⇛ Vampire Survivors is back with a brand new update that’s real trippy, and also has a little Sonic flavour to it. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Fanatical’s_Bundle_Fest_is_back_with_a_25 game_bundle_to_start⠀⇛ Fanatical are back with another Bundle Fest, where each day a new game bundle will appear so here’s what to expect from it. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Building_a_Retro_Linux_Gaming_Computer_– Part_25:_Quantum_Axcess⠀⇛ Back when I first played through Quake: The Offering I found that I enjoyed the two mission packs even more than I did the original Quake campaign, and while these were the only official addons sold for Quake, several third party expansions and total conversions exist that also had retail releases. Two of these, Shrak and Malice, were published on CD-ROM in 1997 by Quantum Axcess. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Gladiator_battling_deck-builder_Alina_of the_Arena_gets_Steam_Deck_support⠀⇛ Alina of the Arena looks like a lot of fun if you love your deck-builders, and a recent update should make it a lot better on Steam Deck (and Desktops with a controller). # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Have_plenty_of_free_time?_Check_out_the_new Double_Fine_documentary⠀⇛ Have a lot of time free and love Double Fine games, especially Psychonauts 2? Good news, there’s a multi-hour documentary now available. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ itch.io_has_a_‘Trans_Witches_are_Witches’ bundle_that’s_raised_over_$90K⠀⇛ The Trans Witches are Witches bundle is live on itch.io featuring 69 items from various LGBTQ+ creators, aimed at rejecting “Hogwarts Legacy’s bigotry”. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE ☛ Plasma_5.27_Beta⠀⇛ Today we are bringing you the preview version of KDE’s Plasma 5.27 release. Plasma 5.27 Beta is aimed at testers, developers, and bug-hunters. As well as our lightweight and feature rich Linux Desktop this release adds a Bigscreen version of Plasma for use on televisions. To help KDE developers iron out bugs and solve issues, install Plasma 5.27 Beta and test run the features listed below. Please report bugs to our bug tracker. The final version of Plasma 5.27 will become available for the general public on the 14th of February. # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ KDE_Plasma_5.27_LTS_Desktop_Is_Out_with New_Welcome_App,_Tiling,_and_More⠀⇛ Highlights of KDE Plasma 5.27 include a new Plasma Welcome app that helps newcomers to the KDE Plasma desktop environment easily and quickly configure various aspects like enabling Plasma Vaults, connecting their online accounts or mobile devices, adding more apps, etc. Another cool new feature in KDE Plasma 5.27 is tiling support for those with a large monitor. Tiling can be enabled and configured by pressing the Meta(Super)+T keyboard shortcut and there are three layouts to choose from. Windows can be placed in the tiled layout by holding Shift and dragging them to the edge of the screen until they stick. # ⚓ Linux Magazine ☛ KDE_Plasma_5.27_Slated_for_a Valentine’s_Day_Release⠀⇛ # ⚓ KDE ☛ KDE_Eco_Handbook:_“Applying_The_Blue_Angel Criteria_To_Free_Software”⠀⇛ Today is “I ❤ Free Software!” day and KDE Eco is proud to announce the publication of the first edition of the measurement handbook “Applying The Blue Angel Criteria To Free Software: A Handbook To Certify Software As Sustainable”. You can view the handbook at our website, where you can also download the PDF release for offline reading or for sharing with a friend or colleague. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ EndeavourOS_Scores_A_Sizable_Update_with Cassini_Neo_Release⠀⇛ EndeavourOS is a popular Arch Linux-based distribution which is easy to install and use. Since the last release in December, the team has worked on adopting new packages and Kernel updates from Arch repo and announced the release of Endeavour Cassini Neo. Here’s what’s new. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu News ☛ Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_774⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 774 for the week of February 5 – 11, 2023. The full version of this issue is available here. # ⚓ Ubuntu Fridge ☛ The_Fridge:_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue 774⠀⇛ o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ KiCad_7.0.0_release_–_Custom_fonts,_text boxes,_SpaceMouse,_crash_reporting,_and_much_more⠀⇛ KiCad 7.0.0 open-source EDA software has just been released with a range of new features from custom fonts to 3Dconnexion SpaceMouse integration to opt- in Sentry crash reporting, and many more. It took over three years between KiCad 5.0.0 and KiCad 6.0.0 announcements, but only a little over a year for the release of KiCad 7.0.0. Did KiCad developers acquire superhuman abilities or did AI get involved in the development somehow? Most probably not, and instead they change the release schedule to a yearly one, so we should get annual releases of the open-source EDA suite going forward, with KiCad 8.0.0 to be released in Q1 2024. # ⚓ DietPi_v8.14_Release_Is_Now_Available⠀⇛ The February 11th, 2023 release of DietPi v8.14 comes with a new image for the Radxa ROCK 5B, Odroid N2/HC4, Orange Pi 5 and a couple of improvements and bug fixes. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_3D-printed_robot_is_made_for_sumo_battle tournaments⠀⇛ While the majority of makers are unable to afford the fancy equipment and components that go into modern state-of-the-art battle robots, there do exist lesser-known tournaments for more DIY designs, including sumo robot battles. # ⚓ Computers Are Bad ☛ my_homelab⠀⇛ I have always found the term “homelab” a little confusing. It’s a bit like the residential version of “on-premises cloud,” in that it seems to presuppose that a lab is the normal place that you find computer equipment. Of course I get that “homelab” is usually used by those who take pride in the careful workmanship of their home installation, and I am not one of those people. Welcome to Computers Are Bad – in color. Note: if you get this by email, the images may or may not work right. We’re going to find out together! I don’t plan to make a habit of including images and they don’t look that good anyway, so I’m not too worried about it. # ⚓ Stacey on IoT ☛ Here’s_an_open_source_smart_home_energy management_solution⠀⇛ On a recent Internet of Things Podcast episode, we took a call from our podcast hotline about smart home energy management. Thomas is looking for a whole home energy management solution but he has a specific requirement. He wants it to be open source. # ⚓ Raspberry Pi ☛ Make_a_Tide_Tracker_with_APIs_and_an_e-ink display⠀⇛ Tides are predictable, but it’s still easy to lose track of the times for high and low water. As a result, you might pull up at high tide to find the beach has disappeared… or at low tide, and found your boat grounded. Put an end to that once and for all with our handy tide tracker, which uses an API to download tidal forecasts for more than 600 monitoring stations around the UK. The results shouldn’t be used for navigation or other water- borne activities, but they may be just what you need to save yourself a wasted journey, or to keep an eye on the tide cycles however far you live from the coast. # ⚓ uni Ghent ☛ Reverse_engineering_an_e-ink_display⠀⇛ The person who bought the pricetags wanted to use them in a project, but didn’t find any documentation on how to communicate with them to display things on the screen. They donated three to Zeus with the challenge to get communication working and to draw something on the screen. This is the perfect number of devices according to bunnie’s book ‘The Hardware Hacker’ 1: [...] # ⚓ Ken Shirriff ☛ Inside_the_amazingly_mechanical_Bendix Central_Air_Data_Computer⠀⇛ Determining the airspeed and altitude of a fighter plane is harder than you’d expect. At slower speeds, pressure measurements can give the altitude, air speed, and other “air data”. But as planes approach the speed of sound, complicated equations are needed to accurately compute these values. The Bendix Central Air Data Computer (CADC) solved this problem for military planes such as the F-101 and the F-111 fighters, and the B-58 bomber.1 This electromechanical marvel was crammed full of 1955 technology: gears, cams, synchros, and magnetic amplifiers. In this blog post I look inside the CADC, describe the calculations it performed, and explain how it performed these calculations mechanically. # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Powered_Compute_Blade_Makes the_Cut⠀⇛ We’ve been tracking this project since mid 2021, and the time has been well spent. Ivan Kuleshov’s Compute Blade is a thin PCB that packs a plethora of storage options for your Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 (or compatible). Kuleshov’s kickstarter has smashed its $522,209 funding goal, reaching $673,365 at the time of writing. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Tom’s Guide ☛ The_OnePlus_11_is_now_the_best_Android_value —_here’s_why_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Nokia_C12_is_a_Throwback_to_a_Lost_Era_of_Android_– Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Google’€™s_easing_up_on_the_Play_Store’s app_stranglehold_with_Android_14⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gizmo China ☛ POCO_X3_GT_Grabs_MIUI_14_based_on_Android_13 Update⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ghacks ☛ Google’€™s_Android_Auto_8.8_is_available_for download_now⠀⇛ # ⚓ India Times ☛ Android_Auto’€™s_new_user_interface_is rolling_out_in_India:_Here’s_what_it€’s_like_to_use_–_Times of_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ How_to_fix_Android_Auto_GPS_or_Google Assistant_not_responding⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lifewire ☛ How_to_Empty_Trash_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lifewire ☛ What_Is_Android_System_WebView,_and_Is_It_Safe to_Uninstall?⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers/Web Servers⠀➾ # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Eric Hameleers ☛ Chromium_110_packages_for_Slackware_ (the_last_version_for_Slackware_14.2)⠀⇛ I have uploaded the packages for Google Chromium 110.0.5481.77 as well as its un- googled version. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Niko_Matsakis:_Return_type_notation_(send_bounds, part_2)⠀⇛ In theprevious_post, I introduced the “send bound” problem, which refers to the need to add aSendbound to the future returned by an async function. I want to start talking about some of the ideas that have been floating around for how to solve this problem. I consider this a bit of an open problem, in that I think we know a lot of the ingredients, but there is a bit of a “delicate balance” to finding the right syntax and so forth. To start with, though, I want to introduce Return Type Notation, which is an idea that Tyler Mandry and I came up with for referring to the type returned by a trait method. * § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ o ⚓ Help_to_translate_LibreOffice_into_Saraiki!⠀⇛ LibreOffice is available in over 100 languages thanks to the great work of our localisation communities. * § FSF⠀➾ o ⚓ FSF ☛ I_Love_Free_Software_Day_is_here:_Share_your_love, software,_and_a_video⠀⇛ The act of sharing takes effort because sharing anything requires us to take time out of our day to share with another person. It takes compassion because we must think of others and what their wants and/or needs may be. It also takes courage. This is because we must fight against our own doubt, battling against any feelings of failure or rejection. We must also courageously defend the freedom to share, as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) and Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS) threaten to erode people’s ability and opportunities to share, even among those living under the same roof. * § Programming/Development⠀➾ o ⚓ Jussi Pakkanen ☛ Jussi_Pakkanen:_Plain_C_API_design,_the_real world_Kobayashi_Maru_test⠀⇛ Designing APIs is hard. Designing good APIs that future people will not instantly classify as “total crap” is even harder. There are typically many competing requirements such as: # API stability # ABI stability (if you are into that sort of thing, some are not) # Maximize the amount of functionality supported # Minimize the number of functions exposed # Make the API as easy as possible to use # Make the API as difficult as possible to use incorrectly (preferably it should be impossible) # Make the API as easy as possible to use from scripting languages o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Continuing_internationalization_integrated_into easy.sfs⠀⇛ I posted about the abandonment of langpacks a couple of days ago: https://bkhome.org/news/202302/easysfs-internationalized- langpack-pets-abandoned.html The last couple of days there has been intense coding, implementing the details internationalization integrated into easy.sfs, or as a single “nls.sfs”. Changes to /usr/local/petget/installpkg.sh, major changes to /usr/local/momanager/momanager, and in woofQ changes to 2createpackages and 3buildeasydistro…. o ⚓ Anders Borch ☛ Svelte_Was_Made_By_Vue_Fans⠀⇛ I actually like the declarative feel of Svelte. I just don’t like that it reminds me of a product which endorses malware. I don’t think that is something to want to emulate. o ⚓ Reilly Tucker Siemens ☛ Parsing_TFTP_in_Rust⠀⇛ For those who don’t know, TFTP is the Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple means of reading and writing files over a network. Initially defined in the early 80s, the protocol was updated by RFC 1350 in 1992. In this post I’ll only cover RFC 1350. Extensions like RFC 2347, which adds a 6th packet type, won’t be covered. o ⚓ University of Toronto ☛ The_case_for_atomic_types_in_programming languages⠀⇛ However, I feel that that the lie of atomic types is a genuine improvement in almost all cases, because of the increase in usability and safety. The problem with only having atomic operations is the same as with optional error checking; you have to remember to always use them, even if the types you’re operating on can be used with ordinary operations. As we all know, people can forget this, or they can think that they’re clever enough to use non-atomic operations in this one special circumstance that is surely harmless. o ⚓ Rachel ☛ More_than_five_whys_and_“layer_eight”_problems⠀⇛ Perhaps you’ve heard of the OSI model of networking, where you have seven layers as a way to talk about what’s going on in the “stack”. I’ve seen some brilliantly snarky T-shirts that talk about “layer eight” and sometimes beyond as things like “corporate politics” and “management” and all of that good stuff. It turns out that when you start doing this root-cause analysis and really keep after it, the “squishy human realm” is actually the no-longer-hypothetical “layer eight” from those T-shirts. o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ ChatGPT_Is_a_Blurry_JPEG_of_the_Web⠀⇛ This analogy to lossy compression is not just a way to understand ChatGPT’s facility at repackaging information found on the Web by using different words. It’s also a way to understand the “hallucinations,” or nonsensical answers to factual questions, to which large language models such as ChatGPT are all too prone. These hallucinations are compression artifacts, but—like the incorrect labels generated by the Xerox photocopier—they are plausible enough that identifying them requires comparing them against the originals, which in this case means either the Web or our own knowledge of the world. When we think about them this way, such hallucinations are anything but surprising; if a compression algorithm is designed to reconstruct text after ninety-nine per cent of the original has been discarded, we should expect that significant portions of what it generates will be entirely fabricated. o ⚓ Vincent Bernat ☛ Building_a_SQL-like_language_to_filter_flows⠀⇛ Often, web interfaces expose a query builder to build such filters. I think combining a SQL-like language with an editor supporting completion, syntax highlighting, and linting is a better approach. The language parser is built with pigeon (Go) from a parsing expression grammar—or PEG. The editor component is CodeMirror (TypeScript). o ⚓ Jussi Pakkanen ☛ Plain_C_API_design,_the_real_world_Kobayashi Maru_test⠀⇛ Designing APIs is hard. Designing good APIs that future people will not instantly classify as “total crap” is even harder. There are typically many competing requirements such as: [...] o ⚓ Buttondown ☛ Maybe_people_do_care_about_performance_and reliability⠀⇛ It’s well-established consensus that software is slower and more bloated than it was 20, 40 years ago. One explanation is that software engineers don’t care about their work. Another is that it’s the interplay of a lot of different factors and blaming it on apathetic devs is a convenient way to avoid understanding the actual problems. o § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Didier Stevens ☛ Update:_xor-kpa.py_Version_0.0.7⠀⇛ I added extra plaintexts for the modulus of Cobalt Strike’s public RSA key. xor-kpa_V0_0_7.zip (http)MD5: FB8155E56234648CC3AFFD890BFE9043SHA256: 069DCA2A1901D448DBF2CF202B5CE49846EFCBAACB73BF35B20AA085AAB31BA9 o § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Amos Wenger ☛ The_bottom_emoji_breaks_rust-analyzer⠀⇛ Some bugs are merely fun. Others are simply delicious! * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Time_magazine_discusses_successful_tech_failures⠀⇛ VHS also offered longer record time per tape, which contributed to its price and convenience. But that can’t be the whole story either; Philips and Grundig had even longer recording times with their double-sided Video 2000 cassettes, but they sold even fewer than Betamax. It just goes to show that technical features are often not at the forefront of purchasing decisions. Companies and pundits forget this at their peril. ByRuben_Schadein Sydney, 2023-02-14. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Have_More_Sex,_Please!⠀⇛ America is in the midst of a loneliness epidemic. One solution: People should have more sex — as often as they can, as pleasurably as they can. o ⚓ Lawyers’_Solidarity_in_Earthquake_on_acts_of_violence_in earthquake-hit_areas⠀⇛ Investigations should be started for perpetrators or suspects of torture immediately, say the lawyers who group under the initiative called Lawyers’ Solidarity in Earthquake. o ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ WATCH:_The_Magic_Words_#SolutionsWatch⠀⇛ The magic words can open doors that you didn’t even know were there. They can help you skirt the censors and the fact checkers. They can unlock minds and take your research to a whole new level. S o ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Years_of_negligence_and_cronyism_underpin devastating_earthquake_toll_in_Turkey⠀⇛ The magnitude 7.8 earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria a week ago, and the powerful aftershock that followed, have left at least 30,000 people dead. o ⚓ France24 ☛ Syria’s_Assad_requests_UN_help_as_total_quake_deaths surpass_35,000⠀⇛ The rescue phase following the earthquakes in Turkey and Syria on February 6 is “coming to a close” with urgency now switching to providing shelter and food to survivors, United Nations aid chief Martin Griffiths said during a visit to Aleppo on Monday. Syrian President Bashar al- Assad asked for international aid for reconstruction at a meeting with Griffiths as the total death toll surpassed 35,000. o ⚓ Barry W Jones ☛ The_Time_I_Accidentally_Ended_Up_Combating_Fraud for_a_Year⠀⇛ Lately, I’ve been spending a lot of time enjoying the Darknet Diaries podcast and it’s compelled me to finally share the entire story of the most intense year of my 20 year professional career. I was the sole developer hired by a company going through a circus-like ownership transition while criminals actively worked to defraud the 300,000 users of this 14 year old, high end marketplace. We experienced late nights, numerous technical challenges, worked with abuse response teams, learned a lot of lessons about phishing and fraud, high emotions, death threats and at least one person lost a business that depended on the site. Here’s the story from start to finish, including how to prevent many of these problems on your own site. Buckle up. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ CNN ☛ Hubble_captures_mysterious_‘spokes’_gliding_across Saturn’s_rings⠀⇛ The Hubble Space Telescope captured images of a mysterious show playing out on Saturn’s rings — ghostly, fleeting “spokes” that appear to move along the planet’s rings. And scientists can’t yet explain why the phenomena happen. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Michigan ☛ Scholars_discuss_approaches_to_university historical_projects⠀⇛ Historians, scholars and community members gathered Feb. 10 at the Michigan League for a panel discussion about how universities should best facilitate large-scale projects that reexamine their pasts. # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Zim_govt_established_computer_labs_at_over_1100 schools_in_2022,_election_season_is_wild⠀⇛ To be honest, that doesn’t sound impressive. There are close to 10,000 schools in Zimbabwe and more are being established at a rate of 300 per year apparently. So, to hear that a program that commenced in 2019 has equipped 32 schools with solar panels does not sound impressive. However, when you consider that we are talking about thousands of students benefitting, you appreciate it a little more. Should we have done more? Probably, but it’s something I guess. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ How_Teens_Recovered_From_the_‘TikTok Tics’⠀⇛ A wave of teenagers who developed tics during the pandemic has receded, illustrating the powerful influence of stress on the body and the resilience of adolescents. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_G.O.P.’s_Long_War_Against_Medicare_and Social_Security⠀⇛ Biden isn’t playing gotcha; there’s a lot of history here. # ⚓ Axios ☛ Congress_braces_for_first_GOP-led_investigation into_COVID_vaccines⠀⇛ Congress is venturing into unknown and potentially explosive territory with the first House GOP-led investigation intoCOVID-19_vaccines. Why it matters:It’s expected to be a showdown across the spectrum of views on vaccine safety and efficacy, # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_Hospital_Authority_to offer_digital_sick_leave_certificates⠀⇛ The Hospital Authority (HA) is to begin issuing digital medical certificates from March 6, as an alternative to hand-written paper sick leave notes. # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ The_Future_of_Long_COVID⠀⇛ o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Apple_updates_iOS,_iPadOS_to_fix_flaw_being exploited_in_the_wild⠀⇛ The WebKit bug was not credited but Apple acknowledged the assistance of the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab. Contacted for comment, Satnam Narang, senior staff research engineer at security firm Tenable, said: “Apple released fixes to address a WebKit flaw across its iOS, iPadOS, macOS and Safari browsers. “The flaw, which is a type confusion bug, can be exploited when encountering maliciously crafted Web content through browsers that leverage WebKit, which doesn’t just include Safari, but also Mail, Apple’s App Store along with many other applications that use WebKit for displaying rich web content. “The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild, but details remain scant. More often than not, these types of vulnerabilities that are disclosed through patches are found by researchers through targeted attacks. “We have not yet seen widespread exploitation of these types of flaws in the wild. Even with the less likely exposure, it’s still advisable for users to apply the latest patches as a good cyber hygiene practice.” # ⚓ Dedoimedo ☛ Windows_11_–_A_year_and_a_half_later,_still meh⠀⇛ It’s been a year since I last “blogged” about Windows 11. Yeah, for most of the last year, I simply didn’t care enough to bother using my test instance of this operating system, for this or that purpose, or to write any content, for that matter. I let it be, completely apathetic to its look, its appeal, and the future prospect and impact for the wider Windows audience. Back in the day, I had tweaked the test machine to my liking – I neutered 99% of the Windows 11 annoyances, set the system with Open-Shell, removed a bunch of modern, low-IQ stuff, and then shelved it, as there is really no point or advantage to Windows 11, whatsoever, over its immediate predecessor, and also any other past version of Windows. A few days ago, I decided to power on the triple-boot IdeaPad laptop, chose 11 in the boot menu, let it load, let it update, run a few checks, and then wrote this piece. After me. # ⚓ Jay Little ☛ ChatGPT:_Far_More_Hype_Than_Substance⠀⇛ Much text has been written in recent weeks on the topic of the ChatGPT chat bot, its forthcoming integration into Bing and how it will change the world as we know it. While the commentary has run the entire gamut of possible responses, most of it is definitely more hype based than anything else. Today the hype dies. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ Can_Linux_Get_Viruses?_Exploring_the Vulnerability_of_Linux_Systems⠀⇛ # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Russian_hackers_claim_responsibility_for disrupting_NATO_earthquake_relief_efforts⠀⇛ Russian government-linked hacking group Killnet has claimed responsibility for distributed denial-of- service attacks that disrupted North Atlantic Treaty Organization earthquake relief operations in Turkey and Syria. An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 struck the region on Feb. 6, causing widespread damage and death. ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ California_lawmaker_seeks_to_end_to_‘reverse_warrants’ that_could_pinpoint_abortion_seekers⠀⇛ Lawmakers say the overly broad surveillance tool poses a major threat to reproductive privacy. ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ New_cybercrime_group_calling_itself_DarkBit_attacks Israeli_university⠀⇛ It’s not yet clear who is behind the group, but the name could have connections to other ransomware variants such as DarkSide and LockBit. ⚓ Security Week ☛ City_of_Oakland_Hit_by_Ransomware_Attack⠀⇛ The City of Oakland, California, on Friday announced that it was forced to take some systems offline after falling victim to a ransomware attack. The cyberattack, the city’s administration says in an incident notification, started on Wednesday night and led to network outages as a result of systems being disconnected from the internet. While voicemail and other non-emergency services are experiencing interruptions or have been taken offline, no critical or emergency services, such as 911 and fire departments, have been impacted. Oakland’s IT team is currently working with the authorities to investigate the incident and restore the affected services, but no information has been provided on when the impacted systems will be fully functional. ⚓ Security Week ☛ 3.3_Million_Impacted_by_Ransomware_Attack_at_California Healthcare_Provider⠀⇛ The personally identifiable information (PII) and protected health information (PHI) of more than 3.3 million individuals was stolen in a ransomware attack at California healthcare provider Regal Medical Group. The incident took place on December 1, 2022, but was discovered only a week later, and impacted the Regal Medical Group and affiliates Lakeside Medical Organization, Affiliated Doctors of Orange County and Greater Covina Medical Group. * § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ o ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Study_finds_data_brokers_are_selling_Americans’ mental_health_data⠀⇛ A study released today explains that data brokers in the U.S. are selling long lists of people who suffer from various mental health conditions. ⚓ ACLU ☛ How_to_Pump_the_Brakes_on_Your_Police_Department’s_Use_of_Flock’s_Mass Surveillance_License_Plate_Readers⠀⇛ § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ * ⚓ France24 ☛ US_military_says_it_recovered_sensors_from_Chinese_spy balloon⠀⇛ The US military said on Monday it had recovered critical electronics from the suspected Chinese spy balloon downed by a US fighter jet off South Carolina’s coast on February 4, including key sensors presumably used for intelligence gathering. * ⚓ The Strategist ☛ The_absurd_irony_of_Putin’s_invocation_of_Stalingrad⠀⇛ Russian President Vladimir Putin’s address in Volgograd on 2 February, in which he sought to draw moral parallels between the heroic Soviet defence of Stalingrad in World War II and the current Russian invasion… * ⚓ CNN ☛ Pentagon_memo_says_object_shot_down_over_Canada_was_a_‘small, metallic_balloon’⠀⇛ * ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ War_Certainly_Is_A_Racket⠀⇛ Iain Davis In 1935, Major General Smedley Butler’s seminal book “War Is A Racket” warned of the dangers of the US military- industrial complex, more than 25 years before the outgoing US President Eisenhower implored the world to “guard against” the same thing. One of the most decorated soldiers in US military history, Butler knew what … * ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ US_rejects_accusation_that_it_flies_spy_balloons over_China;_still_in_dark_over_mystery_flying_objects⠀⇛ The White House responded Monday to growing and at times fevered speculation over the shooting down of unidentified aerial objects by saying the targets could be anything from commercial craft to espionage devices, while denying that US balloons spy on China. * ⚓ CNN ☛ Analyst_thinks_this_is_why_more_unidentified_objects_are_being spotted⠀⇛ CNN national security analyst Juliette Kayyem says US air surveillance has increased after the suspected Chinese balloon was shot down. * ⚓ CNN ☛ Mauling_of_Russian_forces_in_Donetsk_hotspot_may_signal_problems to_come_for_Moscow⠀⇛ The scenes are chaotic: Russian tanks veering wildly before exploding or driving straight into minefields, men running in every direction, some on fire, the bodies of soldiers caught in tank tracks. * ⚓ CNN ☛ Dramatic_video_appears_to_show_heavy_losses_among_Russian_armored formations⠀⇛ The eastern front has seen some of the heaviest fightings in Ukraine. Ukrainian and Russian sources say that the Russian mechanized brigade trying to push through the town of Vuhledar saw significant losses recently. CNN’s David McKenzie has more. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S.-China_Tensions_Rise_Over_Spy_Programs_Amid_UFO Investigations⠀⇛ The Biden administration is looking into mysterious U.F.O. encounters and pushing back against China over accusations of widespread espionage. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_Is_NORAD,_the_Organization_That_Helps_Defend_U.S. and_Canadian_Airspace⠀⇛ The plane was part of NORAD, a defense organization operated jointly by the U.S. and Canada. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ What_We_Know_About_the_Objects_Shot_Down_in_the_U.S. and_Canada⠀⇛ Here is what we know about the objects as well as the Chinese spy balloon that were taken down this month. * ⚓ New York Times ☛ A_Spy_Balloon_and_a_Reporting_Trip_to_China,_Up_in_the Air⠀⇛ A Times diplomatic correspondent was looking forward to a trip back to Beijing, until an international crisis erupted. * ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ U.S._should_be_held_accountable_for_explosion_of_the Nord_Stream_pipelines⠀⇛ It is widely known that on September 27, 2022, Nord Stream AG reported unprecedented damage that occurred the day before on three strings of the Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 offshore gas pipelines in the Baltic Sea. On September 26, Swedish seismologists registered two explosions on the pipeline routes. * ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ The_IOR_Power_Play:_Finding_a_Balance_for_Pakistan⠀⇛ The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) is currently experiencing a significant transformation, which is the result of the complex interplay of international relations, particularly economic and strategic interests. * ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ French_army_officers_do_not_want_to_fight_against Russia⠀⇛ The French Internet site “Place-armes.fr” conducted a survey among its readers – army officers – about the Ukrainian crisis and a possible war against Russia. They explain: “From November 1 to December 13, 2022, we conducted a survey, by mail and on our website. * ⚓ Reason ☛ Who_Needs_Hackers_When_You_Have_Balloons?⠀⇛ Episode 442 of the Cyberlaw Podcast * ⚓ France24 ☛ Israel_authorises_nine_West_Bank_outposts,_despite_US opposition⠀⇛ Israel granted retroactive authorisation on Sunday to nine Jewish settler outposts in the occupied West Bank and announced mass-construction of new homes within established settlements, moves likely to draw US admonition. * ⚓ France24 ☛ Palestinian_president_urges_world_puts_a_‘stop_to_Israeli aggression’_amid_Arab_League_split⠀⇛ Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas on Sunday accused Israel of having “crossed all red lines” in the occupied West Bank and east Jerusalem, and urged world leaders to put an end to its actions. * ⚓ Meduza ☛ Mayor_of_Russian-leased_Kazakhstani_city_of_Baikonur_offers residents_$3,500_each_to_fight_in_Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ The mayor of Baikonur, the city in Kazakhstan that Russia is leasing along with the cosmodrome of the same name, has signed a decree authorizing one-time payments of 260,000 rubles (about $3,500) to residents who fight in the war against Ukraine either as draftees or as volunteers. * ⚓ Meduza ☛ Senior_law_enforcement_official,_fired_from_Interior_Ministry last_month,_found_dead_outside_Moscow_—_Meduza⠀⇛ TASS and another media source report that Major General Vladimir Makarov, the former deputy director of the Interior Ministry’s Center for Combating Extremism, was found dead in the village of Golikovo outside Moscow. This information is not yet officially confirmed. * ⚓ Meduza ☛ A_promise_unfulfilled_Scholar_Sasha_de_Vogel_explains_why Russia_lacks_massive_antiwar_protests_—_Meduza⠀⇛ * ⚓ RFERL ☛ Hungarian_Foreign_Minister_Visits_Minsk_Ahead_Of_EU Consideration_Of_Further_Sanctions⠀⇛ * ⚓ AntiWar ☛ Russia-Ukraine_War_2.0:_First_Tanks,_Then_F16s._Where_Does This_End?⠀⇛ * ⚓ AntiWar ☛ When_the_US_Assumed_Joint_Ownership_of_the_War_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ § Environment⠀➾ * ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Myanmar’s_arrested_environmental_activism⠀⇛ In the two years since the military coup in February 2021, Myanmar’s natural environment has deteriorated as the embryonic legal and regulatory regime that was emerging during the decade of political and economic reforms… * ⚓ France24 ☛ Cyclone_Gabrielle_pounds_northern_New_Zealand_with_strong winds_and_rain⠀⇛ Around 58,000 homes are without power in New Zealand’s upper North Island on Monday as the approach of Cyclone Gabrielle brings strong winds, heavy rain and huge swells to Auckland and nearby regions. * § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ o ⚓ Reason ☛ Electric_Truck_Manufacturer_Featured_in_Super_Bowl_Ad Got_$186_Million_in_Taxpayer_Subsidies⠀⇛ Stellantis, one of the largest automakers on the planet with billions in cash on hand, got a generous handout from the state of Indiana for choosing to build its battery manufacturing plant there. o ⚓ Quartz ☛ Europe_has_spent_more_than_$800_billion_shielding citizens_from_the_energy_crisis⠀⇛ * § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ o ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Klamath_Countdown:_Researchers_Hustle_Before Largest_Dam-Removal_Project_Begins⠀⇛ To anticipate the impacts of a historic river restoration, we need to understand how salmon, bats, insects, algae and other parts of the ecosystem are behaving today. o ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Covid_gave_Hong_Kong’s_pink_dolphins_their habitat_back,_but_risk_from_cross-border_ferries_has_returned,_says WWF⠀⇛ The resumption of cross-border ferry services between Hong Kong, Macau and mainland China could place Hong Kong’s declining pink dolphin population at increased risk, an environmental group has warned. § Finance⠀➾ * ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Faced_with_possible_delisting,_Rigetti_Computing_lays off_staff_and_updates_technology_roadmap⠀⇛ Quantum computing firm Rigetti Computing Inc. today said it will lay off 28% of its staff after replacing its chief technology and financial officers. ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Twilio_lets_go_17%_of_employees_in_latest_workforce reduction⠀⇛ Twilio Inc. today announced that it will let go 17% of its employees in an effort to lower costs.  The layoffs come four months after an earlier round of job cuts that saw the company reduce its headcount by 11%. The move left Twilio with about 8,176 staffers, it disclosed in November. ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Paxos_ordered_to_stop_issuing_Binance_stablecoin_by_NY regulator⠀⇛ The New York Department of Financial Services, the top finance regulator of New York, today ordered Paxos Trust Co. LLC to cease issuing new Binance USD stablecoins. ⚓ Axios ☛ Layoffs_take_their_toll_on_tech’s_most_interesting_projects⠀⇛ ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Google’s_YouTube_Music_Workers_Are_on_Strike⠀⇛ ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Why_Are_Layoffs_Contagious?⠀⇛ § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ * ⚓ Engadget ☛ TikTok_creators_might_soon_put_some_videos_behind_a paywall⠀⇛ * ⚓ France24 ☛ Italy’s_right-wing_coalition_wins_landslide_victory_in regional_elections⠀⇛ Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and her coalition allies secured emphatic election wins in the two wealthiest regions of the country on Monday, strengthening the right’s grip on power amid growing voter apathy. * ⚓ JURIST ☛ Georgia_judge_allows_release_of_portions_of_2020_election interference_grand_jury_report⠀⇛ A Georgia Superior Court judge Monday issued an order directing the release of three portions of a Georgia special purpose grand jury’s report regarding alleged 2020 general election interference on February 16. * ⚓ Engadget ☛ Twitter_delays_API_changes_again,_this_time_‘by_a_few_more days’⠀⇛ * ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Trump’s_National_Security_Adviser_Responded_to_an Attack_on_the_Capitol_by_Sending_Personal_Tweets⠀⇛ Robert O’Brien claims to remember virtually nothing about what he did on January 6. I’m sure that’s among the things that Jack Smith would like to question him about. * ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Alex_Saab:_The_Businessman_Inside_the_DEA_Informant Inside_the_Claimed_Venezuelan_Diplomat_Inside_the_Alleged_Putin_“Laundry Man”⠀⇛ In testimony last August, Robert O’Brien suggested that a Colombian extradited on money laundering charges to the US in 2021 is “Vladimir Putin’s laundry man.” * ⚓ CNN ☛ With_Twitter_upended_by_Musk,_these_services_see_an_opportunity⠀⇛ After Sarah Oh lost her job as a human rights advisor at Twitter late last year in the first round of layoffs following Elon Musk’s chaotic acquisition of the company, she decided to join a friend in building a rival service. * § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ o ⚓ CNN ☛ Realistic_newscasts_feature_AI-generated_anchors disparaging_the_US⠀⇛ CNN’s Selina Wang investigates the campaign of anti-US deepfake newscasts sent out by pro-China bot accounts on Twitter and Facebook, though their origin is unknown. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Disinformation_Researchers_Raise_Alarms_About A.I._Chatbots⠀⇛ Researchers used ChatGPT to produce clean, convincing text that repeated conspiracy theories and misleading narratives. § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ * ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Censoring_of_an_Iranian_American_Artist⠀⇛ How have we forgotten that art needn’t defer to religion? * ⚓ Reason ☛ Can_the_Feds_Prosecute_Douglass_Mackey_for_His_Twitter Trolling?⠀⇛ Because of a series of misleading memes, a troll has been charged with conspiracy “to injure, oppress, threaten and intimidate one or more persons in the free exercise and enjoyment of a right and privilege secured to them by the Constitution and laws of the United States.” * ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ Arkansas_Proposes_Requiring_ID_to_Watch_Porn Online⠀⇛ After a similar bill became law in Louisiana last month, seven more states have introduced copycat legislation that force users to show identification. § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ * ⚓ CPJ ☛ CPJ_joins_calls_to_establish_independent_investigative_mechanism for_accountability_in_human_rights_violations_in_Belarus⠀⇛ § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ * ⚓ CNN ☛ Ron_DeSantis’_latest_salvo_against_diversity⠀⇛ In January, Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis announced plans to ban the College Board’s Advanced Placement African American studies pilot course in his state, saying that the curriculum had a political agenda. The College Board has since revised the course amid a storm of controversy — and strong evidence that DeSantis’ administration had a direct influence on the decision to gut it. The outcome, sadly, has meant diminished national education standards for this vitally important coursework. * ⚓ ‘Beyond_Rhetoric’_project_works_to_fight_racism_in_Genesee_County⠀⇛ Flint-area leaders and public health researchers, including a UM-Flint faculty member, students  and U-M’s Poverty Solutions, are sharing their process for responding to racism as a public health crisis. * ⚓ HRW ☛ Myanmar:_Political_Parties_Law_Shackles_Opposition⠀⇛ § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ * ⚓ APNIC ☛ Studying_the_conformance_of_MANRS_members⠀⇛ § Monopolies⠀➾ * ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ “Nivolumab_and_pembrolizumab_cases”:_the_French Supreme_Court_clarifies_the_interpretation_of_Article_3_of_the_SPC Regulation⠀⇛ In a decision rendered on February 1st, 2023, the French Supreme Court (“Cour de cassation”) overturned the decisions of the Paris Court of Appeal which had confirmed the rejections by the French PTO (“INPI”) of the supplementary protection certificate (“SPC”) applications for nivolumab and pembrolizumab. * ⚓ Quartz ☛ Apple_is_trying_to_avoid_a_possible_EU_fine_of_$39_billion⠀⇛ * § Patents⠀➾ o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ AI_and_Inventorship_–_USPTO_Request for_Comments [Ed: "Hey Hi" drama at USPTO; as if this could not be done decades ago.]⠀⇛ o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Standing_to_Challenge_Inventorship [Ed: Conflating patents with "Inventorship"]⠀⇛ Krzysztof Sywula’s story has some thematic elements of the Netflix Glass Onion show.  As he tells it, Sywula was at the Santorini Island Grill with Alexis DaCosta &  Vincent Coletti talking about creating an improved app for ride sharing.  During one of the meetings, Sywula apparently sketched-out a diagram on a napkin that he gave to DaCosta and that eventually served as a basis for the patent filings in this case.  The parties continued to work together for several more years with Sywula eventually becoming the CTO.  Then came the patenting.  Sywula was excluded from being listed as an inventor on the patents, including US11087250 and US11087252; and that was upsetting. * § Copyrights⠀➾ o ⚓ New York Times ☛ This_Tool_Could_Protect_Artists_From_A.I._Image Generators [Ed: Plagiarism in "HEY HI" clothing]⠀⇛ Artists want to be able to post their work online without the fear “of feeding this monster” that could replace them. o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ GitHub,_Electronic_Frontier_Foundation_File Amicus_Briefs_in_Yout-RIAA_Legal_Battle [Ed: EFF working with Microsoft proprietary monopoly. It should instead issue a call to boycott it. GitHub is a copyright/copyleft violation monster.]⠀⇛ § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ * § Personal⠀➾ o ⚓ 2023_Week_6:_Status_and_Photos⠀⇛ Rob’s Capsule has been fairly quiet in the last week as other projects, both real and virtual, have taken priority. I am still here, however, and I have no intentions of stopping updates anytime soon. * § Technical⠀➾ o ⚓ A_FreeBSD_Post_Installation_Script⠀⇛ So I wrote a FreeBSD post-installation script that tunes the system for desktop use and downloads some essential packages and sets up a nice looking icewm session for the user to enjoy. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ The_mysterious_black_behemoths controlling_our_galaxies⠀⇛ By Anthony King It was only last year that astronomers were finally able to unveil the first pictures of the supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy. But you couldn’t actually see the black hole itself, not directly. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4995 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 39 seconds to (re)generate ⟲