𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, November 29, 2023 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 30 Nov 02:49:36 GMT 2023 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2023/11/29/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmbHjgPAAcGNUG9Sej4vSKhK8DfUYokfFkXLdKwr1JtGJG QmdLsuRLzrwb58dZaSmJah6oCmNNZ6cW4ick4chqJmHjmY QmTNR3uqcbMYjPAbbHjBqyNJb3ib8kytQvdFnATzkBFVvo QmfCHrqMLfMsHXYnQeAvVuNYt91Zw2AmMJ5mx4RqsrWy3b QmR2rr1yXDANjQBEz2oGtd2UMgy9U37FHdjpUhPfAk7h5z QmWE6ucdKk9Q1pi6ce3ko9xPWd9Y4BjpLij3W7tJ5TMjG3 QmaoEDiALTYYZdaq3SQ86aQpMwUji1nqCeLbXAoszFRYvJ QmSTkZUY74BcgbgqS6JKwwNbVnbzY5uqwpgWtYonGJua8s QmXZcp3rXLYa24pYd7jUu6sPDrhziRCNCok875WLJTLysP QmUE7nd24kx2soZFbSYKDsb1ik1wpirFTRTBhDTj6w9sjh QmdKeWBhfnjgQLYU48wto7DdStpXsB5mE1yEEnWcxQ53vu QmfSnnTnjcAe3YvtRsVgAwUJfpcEk1dM5J5yjJLyv7MxqM QmQ16CkpxBbMzPZ6wZcuKBUcxH1RZ8uAEhcvdBsPRpVZe9 QmT3gTQRv33wEDtJveL8DiqiacGeRaxEbRFDUyVSJEAvDL QmTs9qcwghZPs5oBh9qzsu8a11T4s6xHrJjVNyk5miFy3X Qmdqd6mb8mj27qVvQZRR7sjshrXYYirWm9vRttLkNB5rW6 QmSjY85vxbu9nNFHUMmuK7CxRame2VYuhb523CJaK5zRkj QmZwah9nZHVvSzbJWEAMxumYDpanFPqTahnqoNP83tuZbx QmQWSrGfeYwgf6HE9N3742DJrJwq8uNSCUAz469CnuUFGe QmcgTTyseF5zFd4MLquM4PtJZzkFcBEqaUbqDe4eaUx6Na QmZMEFKvpgvjxAcV9Pwu7yF74LYZwS7ktdLFdYb988Ncfu ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Techrights - Lookout, It's Outlook ⦿ Techrights - IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, November 28, 2023 ⦿ Techrights - Is BlueMail a Client of ZDNet Now? ⦿ Techrights - Just What LINUX.COM Needed After Over a Month of Inactivity: SPAM SPAM SPAM (Linux Brand as a Spamfarm) ⦿ Techrights - Microsoft “Discriminated Based on Sexuality” ⦿ Techrights - The 'Smart' Attack on Power Grid Neutrality (or the Wet Dream of Tiered Pricing for Power, Essentially Punishing Poorer Households for Exercising Freedom Like Richer Households) ⦿ Techrights - Updated A Month Ago: Richard Stallman on Software Patents as Obstacles to Software Development ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Child_In_The_White_Doctor_Coat.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/irc-log-281123.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Is_BlueMail_a_Client_of_ZDNet_Now.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Just_What_LINUX_COM_Needed_After_Over_a_Month_of_Inactivity_SPA.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Microsoft_Discriminated_Based_on_Sexuality.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/The_Smart_Attack_on_Power_Grid_Neutrality_or_the_Wet_Dream_of_T.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Updated_A_Month_Ago_Richard_Stallman_as_Software_Patents_Obstac.shtml ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Links_29_11_2023_VMware_Layoffs_and_Too_Many_Microsofters_Going.shtml ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 65 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Child_In_The_White_Doctor_Coat.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Child_In_The_White_Doctor_Coat.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Lookout, It's Outlook⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023, updated Nov 29, 2023 Outlook is all about the sharing! With_the_NSA,_too. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Outlook is all about the sharing!⦈ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠙⠻⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠃⢰⢒⡗⡆⠛⣿⣷⣯⣤⣼⣧⣦⣼⣴⣿⣦⣬⣤⣥⣦⣷⣤⣿⣾⣯⣿⣥⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣆⢹⣏⣩⠛⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⡏⡁⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣏⣯⢛⢻⢫⡋⡿⣻⣏⣹⣿⡿⣋⡿⣛⡻⣟⢿⡋⣿⠝⡫⡫⡫⠸⠿⣏⡯⣛⣿⣻⢟⡙⣟⢽⢅⣝⢹⣽⠹⡏⣯⣹⡏⡏⣿⢛⣯⢛⢽⣟⢻⣿⢿⠝⡋⣽⡏⡻⡯⡏⡋⡏⣿⢝⢽⡟⡫⡿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡟⠿⢿⢿⢿⠿⡟⢿⡿⠻⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⠛⡿⡿⠿⠟⡿⡿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣦⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣧⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡴⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡶⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⠾⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠠⡀⢀⡠⢀⠀⣀⠐⡀⠀⠀⣀⣴⡾⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡮⣐⠠⣐⢿⣦⣗⣨⣵⣯⣾⣽⣾⣽⣞⣧⣷⣿⣟⣽⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠂⠀⣺⡟⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣼⡎⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡵⣟⣡⡆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡒⢠⣡⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣃⡴⢀⣀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣲⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡴⡟⢣⣣⡎⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡶⠻⢉⣠⣖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⢛⠻⠛⢻⠟⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡴⠷⠟⠙⡀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠲⠷⠶⠶⢾⠶⠶⠾⠶⠶⠶⢦⡶⡶⠶⠶⡾⡶⠿⠾⡶⡶⠷⡶⡶⡾⡤⣾⠤⠤⢤⢦⣀⡀⢠⣤⡤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠶⠶⢶⡾⡴⠶⠲⡶⡶⠷⢾⣷⡶⣾⢾⣾⣶⢶⡶⢷⢶⣶⢷⢶⣶⣾⣶⣶⡶⢶⠼⠴⠄⢀⠀⠄⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢴⡶⡶⡤⠶⣶⡶⡶⡶⡶⣶⡶⡾⢶⢶⣾⠶⡶⡿⠶⢶⠶⣶⣦⠷⢶⠶⠶⣷⠶⠾⠶⠄⠾⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢤⣤⠮⣴⣧⡴⢦⣧⡦⡶⣶⣷⣶⡷⣶⣶⣾⠶⣮⢶⣶⡶⢶⢶⠶⢶⢶⠷⠶⠿⡶⠶⠶⠶⠦⠲⠖⠖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⣤⣤⣠⣧⣤⣴⣷⣶⣴⣦⣮⣤⣧⢶⣶⣦⣶⣶⢶⡶⢾⢶⠷⠾⠷⡶⢷⠶⠷⢲⠶⠶⠶⠂⠔⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣄⡠⣤⡴⣦⣴⣦⣦⣼⠤⣴⣼⣴⣾⣿⡶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣵⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣴⣶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣬⣴⣤⣤⣤⣄⣾⣤⣥⣤⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⢤⠤⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠿⠻⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 126 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/irc-log-281123.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/irc-log-281123.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, November 28, 2023⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #techrights_log #boycottnovell_log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log #techbytes_log Enter_the_IRC_channels_now ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 158 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Is_BlueMail_a_Client_of_ZDNet_Now.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Is_BlueMail_a_Client_of_ZDNet_Now.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Is BlueMail a Client of ZDNet Now?⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023, updated Nov 29, 2023 Why did this author at ZDNet write about BlueMail 3 times in one week? Let's examine what BlueMail does to promote itself, via embedded marketing inside the media... 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Press kit = 'prepared' material for puff piece⦈ Leads to: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇BlueMail press kit, pricing⦈ Selling "premiums" for their proprietary software: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇BlueMail selling 'premiums' for their proprietary software:⦈ The first ZDNet puff piece is 8 days old and promotes Microsoft spyware: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Microsoft chatbot, not 'AI', and also purely proprietary⦈ The following day it's already being promoted to GNU/Linux users: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Replacing Free software with proprietary⦈ Again yesterday. Promotional language for proprietary software on GNU/Linux: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇By letting another company, that connects to Microsoft, control your inbox⦈ Could he have been "assigned" to do those pieces? Hard to prove. Let's see what his employer is and what his employer says to the wider public (not to clients, in private). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Red Ventures: Marketing and SEO company, habitual user of chatbots to craft fake articles (CNET)⦈ As the so-called "journal of record" put it: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇You’ve Never Heard of the Biggest Digital Media Company in America⦈ What does it do in ZDNet? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Top of page disclaimer⦈ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇ZDNet advertising⦈ Positive-sounding disclaimer at bottom of the pages about BlueMail: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Positive-sounding dislaimer at bottom of the page⦈ And this is what the disclaimer says: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇ZDNet affiliates⦈ How the company presents itself: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇We've officially launched ZDNET In Depth with original reporting and immersive storytelling: They used to advertise selling 'narratives' and journeys (for 'brands' and 'campaigns')⦈ In CNET, they're gone even further by turning the site into a computer- generated spamfarm to manipulate search results while deleting old and very important articles, including many about Microsoft crimes. Remember that this is a marketing company, not a news agency. ⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⣿⡟⠟⠟⠛⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⢀⣿⣿⠻⡿⡟⢻⢻⠿⡿⠟⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣨⣦⣄⣁⣀⣸⣯⣂⣞⡇⣇⣁⣀⣻⣀⣈⣜⣀⣀⣟⣤⢐⣑⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠙ ⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠟⡟⠛⢻⠛⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⠿⠛⠹⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣛⣉⣉⣉⣩⣭⣭⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣟⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡟⡿⡻⣿⠿⣿⡻⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣻⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣷⣦⣧⣬⣬⣬⣧⣬⣧⣿⣶⣿⣇⣥⣿⣤⣆⣽⣤⣼⣤⣮⣽⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⢩⢩⣯⠉⡍⣙⣭⣯⠁⣿⠘⡝⢩⡏⡝⢹⠁⣤⡏⡝⠘⠙⢫⢋⢻⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠙⣿⣯⣉⣉⣋⣍⣋⣏⣙⣝⡉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣠⣿⣟⠙⠛⣏⡙⠹⢛⡛⠋⠏⢛⠙⢛⣿⢛⢛⠛⠛⢿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢛⣛⣋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣠ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⢛⣛⣉⣉⣩⣭⣥⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣴⣶⣤⣤⣤⣼⣷⣥⣯⣿⣟⣉⡀⢩⣭⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣉⣋⢉⣏⣽⣛⣝⣍⣙⣍⣿⣙⣋⣩⣋⣟⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣹⣏⣩⣉⣉⣹⣉⣹⣏⣝⣍⣉⣍⣙⣙⣹⣻⣉⣙⣛⣹⣻⣉⣙⣉⣋⣏⣩⣽⣻⣩⣋⣹⣉⣋⣽⣏⣹⣏⣙⣝⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⡛⠟⠛⠛⡛⠛⠻⡟⠛⠟⠛⠟⠻⢻⡟⠟⠛⡛⠟⠛⡿⡻⠛⠛⡻⠛⢻⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣭⣭⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣞⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⠀⠊⣿⠊⠈⢟⠙⠘⣹⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣻⣿⣙⣛⣛⣟⣻⣻⣿⣉⣻⣿⣿⣙⣹⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣛⣛⣛⣛⣯⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠄⡋⠭⢩⡍⠉⠉⢹⢩⠉⠉⣯⡝⠩⢩⠨⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠿⣿⢿⡿⣟⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡛⢿⣻⠿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣠⣿⣻⣿⣿⣾⣟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣼⣿⣧⣛⣰⣟⣿⣿⣟⣟⣻⣟⣷⣿⣿⣟⣟⣷⣾⣿⠈⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡋⡙⡯⢽⢯⢭⡿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠉⢻⣭⣽⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⡛⡛⠛⠛⢛⡛⣻⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⣻ ⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣝⣻⣛⣛⣛⣫⣟⣋⣩⣉⣉⣭⣏⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣽⣯⣭⣭⣿⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣛⠘⡍⡙⡹⣹⢨⢫⢹⡏⡏⢉⠟⡉⣿⠣⢹⢸⡅⡯⡝⡟⡍⠫⡝⢩⢩⠋⡍⠋⡝⢋⠟⡉⣿⢉⠋⡍⡍⡯⣹⢸⣿⢸⢩⢻⢐⡊⢸⠿⡟⡙⢀⠏⢸⠍⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣦⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⣧⠳⠶⢷⠛⠷⢾⠓⠶⢷⣶⠶⡶⠷⡶⠷⠶⢶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⢆⠀⠀⢸⣯⣽⣟⣛⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣯⣏⣛⣹⣻⣩⣝⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣻⣻⣹⣏⣛⣩⣟⣿⣹⣩⣿⣟⣿⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣵⣿⣿⣧⣦⣿⣿⣧⣥⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠿⠟⠿⠿⠻⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠶⠷⠿⣿⠿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣡⣁⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠖⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⡟⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣟⣻⣭⣍⣉⣭⣭⣥⣭⣤⣤⣤⡤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣛⣛⣻⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⡀⠄⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣻⣯⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⢳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠚⠀⢸⣇⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣛⣿⣟⣻⣛⣛⣟⣛⣋⣙⣛⣏⣉⣉⣈⣍⣭⣬⣬⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣙⣿⣿⣯⣽⣭⣯⣽⣭⣥⣭⣥⣥⣤⣤⣤⢤⡤⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠴⠠⠴⠶⠀⠘⡏⠉⢿⡿⢿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣯⣵⣵⣷⣦⡶⣄⠠⠴⠤⠤⠶⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠘⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣆⣶⣶⡶⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠠⠄⢤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠐⠀⠸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠛⠟⠿⠻⠟⢻⠛⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⢟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣬⣬⣦⣦⣤⣼⣼⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⡟⠻⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⠛⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡟⣿⠿⠟⢻⠿⠿⠿⠟⡿⠛⠿⡿⢿⢻⣿⠻⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠻⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠻⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠻⡿⣿⠛⠻⠿⡿⠻⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣴⣴⣜⣰⣿⣼⣤⣤⣦⣦⣿⣼⣤⣧⣼⣬⣤⣧⣧⣥⣤⣧⣤⣦⣧⣧⣤⣤⣧⣿⣭⣥⣴⣤⣤⣧⣧⣿⣴⣭⣤⣿⣬⣭⣤⣧⣮⣽⣤⣿⣼⣬⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣿⣼⣤⣤⣧⣷⣬⣜⣠⣿⣼⣬⣬⣿⣧⣥⣦⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⢻⢛⠛⡟⠛⢹⢹⢟⣛⠛⠛⠻⢛⠻⠛⣛⠻⠛⠋⡟⡛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣮⣾⣿⣧⣧⣥⣼⣼⣦⣾⣤⣷⣴⣼⣦⣦⣿⣧⣮⣦⣧⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣦⣤⣼⣤⣬⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡟⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡷⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠾⠾⠶⠗⠲⠶⠾⢾⠶⠄⠰⠶⠶⠶⠿⡶⠾⢶⠒⠦⠶⠖⠶⠚⠶⠶⡶⡶⠽⠲⠶⢶⠲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠒⡓⠒⠒⣺⢒⠓⢺⠒⠒⠚⣖⠛⠚⢾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣛⣛⣟⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢻⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣯⣭⣯⣽⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢛⠛⠛⠛⢛⢛⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣏⣞⣁⣍⣉⣹⣀⣉⣉⣿⣉⣽⣯⣹⣂⣗⣺⣎⣇⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⡛⢛⢛⣛⡟⢻⡛⠟⡟⡛⢻⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⠻⠛⠟⣟⠛⣛⠛⡟⢻⢻⢛⡛⠛⢻⠻⡛⢛⢛⠟⡿⣛⠛⡟⡟⣟⠛⡛⠛⡻⡟⢻⠻⠛⡛⡛⠻⠛⢟⢻⠛⠻⠛⣻⠛⣟⠛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⡿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠛⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢻⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠟⢿⡿⠿⡷⠿⠷⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣛⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢻⠿⠛⡟⠻⢿⡿⠿⢿⡾⠿⠿⣿⢻⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⢾⠾⡿⠾⡾⠷⢷⠿⠾⡶⡶⠷⡿⡾⡿⠶⠷⢶⠿⡾⠶⠾⡶⡿⢿⣾⢷⣾⣶⣿⢿⠿⠷⢾⠿⡶⡷⢶⢷⠾⡷⡾⢿⢾⢶⠾⢾⠿⠶⢷⣶⠷⢷⠷⠿⠶⠷⢿⠷⡶⡿⠶⢿⢷⠾⠷⠷⢶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⡶⣿⣶⣶⣼⣾⣶⣶⣷⢶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣶⣤⣶⣧⣦⣵⣾⣧⣼⣧⣤⣶⣷⣦⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⣿⡷⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⢾⣶⣿⡶⠶⢶⠿⢾⣷⣶⣶⣶⢷⣾⣶⣿⡶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⡾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⡾⢶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⡶⣶⣶⣿⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⢶⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣥⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣮⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣧⣾⣷⣧⣼⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣬⣶⣤⣿⣧⣤⣯⣴⣦⣤⣤⣼⣶⣤⣿⣽⣤⣼⣷⣤⣤⣤⣧⣷⣼⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⡿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣽⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣽⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣴⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣧⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣮⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠟⣛⡛⠛⢻⠟⡟⣟⡛⢿⢛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⢛⠛⢛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣛⠛⠛⠛⣟⠛⠛⡟⡻⠛⣛⡛⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣻⢻⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⡛⢿⠛⠛⠛⢻⢻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⡿⢛⠟⢻⣟⣟⠛⢻⠿⠛⢻⠟⣻⠛⠻⠻⢻⠟⣿⠿⠿⢟⡿⢛⡛⠻⢻⢻⡻⠻⡛⡟⠟⠻⠛⢻⢛⡟⡻⢻⢟⠻⠻⠟⡛⡿⠛⠻⢿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣯⣿⣭⣬⣤⣴⣬⣮⣯⣾⣧⣦⣭⣭⣾⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣥⣽⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣥⣵⣼⣦⣦⣵⣥⣄⣳⣥⣾⣤⣧⣼⣶⣤⣥⣴⣧⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣏⣩⣭⣉⣿⣍⣏⣹⣩⣍⣽⣟⣍⣍⣏⣩⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣍⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣶⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⡙⣿⣿⠀⣛⡃⣿⣿⣿⢸⣉⠽⠀⡍⣿⡏⠏⡍⣭⢹⢹⠉⡏⣽⡟⣉⣹⢩⡍⡍⠻⢭⢹⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣟⣼⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⡿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⣻⠟⡿⢿⣿⣿⡟⡛⢿⣿⠍⣿⢟⢛⡏⢹⡟⢻⠟⣿⠟⠻⡿⢻⡟⠏⡟⠟⢻⠛⡟⢹⠉⡟⢿⠟⠛⡟⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠙⢿⣿⠛⠟⣟⡛⣻⢟⢟⠟⢻⡛⣻⢻⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣺⣪⣴⣾⣦⣤⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣯⣪⣦⣧⣶⣷⣤⣅⣿⣨⣴⣯⣺⣇⣤⣶⣿⣸⣦⣴⣯⣸⣤⣅⣗⣇⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠄⣀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⡠⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿ ⢄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠉⠭⠭⠭⢹⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠑⢦⣼⣿⣿⡄⢠⣶⣷⡀⠀⢸⣸⣿⣿⣇⣀⣦⢰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⡙⣟⣿⢻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡷⢾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⣿⠷⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡦⣼⣧⢾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠝⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠁⠀⢄⠀⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠠⠀⠚⡫⢛⠛⠛⡛⠏⠏⢽⠁⠈⠀⠠⠈⠄⠩⠆⠀⡁⠀⠈⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠒⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠤⡀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⢀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠖⠁⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠘⠂⠀⣈⠓⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣦⣶⣷⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣼⣧⣶⣯⣤⣦⣤⣴⣯⣶⣼⣴⣵⣴⣶⣷⣾⣴⣥⣽⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣴⣾⣴⣯⣾⣶⣮⣾⣴⣷⣤⣴⣦⣷⣽⣴⣵⣽⣼⣮⣾⣿⣵⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣫⣯⣙⣏⣏⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣹⠉⣫⣩⣫⣯⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣍⣻⣍⣻⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣝⣍⡉⢉⣭⣯⣍⣉⣉⣉⣍⣏⣉⣹⣝⣏⣋⣯⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣫⣯⣙⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢭⣿⠻⠛⣻⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⣟⠛⠻⡛⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Just_What_LINUX_COM_Needed_After_Over_a_Month_of_Inactivity_SPA.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Just_What_LINUX_COM_Needed_After_Over_a_Month_of_Inactivity_SPA.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Just What LINUX.COM Needed After Over a Month of Inactivity: SPAM SPAM SPAM (Linux Brand as a Spamfarm)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023 Well done, Linux_Foundation! Excellent advocacy! It's not_even_about_Linux! A week ago: Linux_Foundation_Has_More_or_Less_Killed_Linux.com 3 weeks ago: Linux.com:_Just_Two_Updates_in_40_Days_(Now_Run_by_Jason_Perlow From_Microsoft_and_IBM) Today: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Linux.com Over a month apart, the site was completely neglected for over a month⦈ ⣿⣛⣿⣿⡫⠭⠽⠖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⠭⠭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢷⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣛⣭⣭⣭⣥⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣬⣭⣭⣝⣛⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣮⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣫⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣭⣭⣽⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣛⣛⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣛⣛⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣯⡽⢛⣛⠯⠭⠿⢶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠶⠶⣶⣛⣩⣭⣓⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⡟⠛⣻⣿⣿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠋⠱⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⡛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⡇⡼⢿⣿⡇⣤⣾⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠊⠉⡑⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⣾⣿⣷⢆⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣼⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⣿⠈⠿⢃⣿⣿⣄⠙⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢿⡼⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠠⠠⠁⡸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒⠚⠂⠒⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⠻⣧⡄⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠒⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡀⣄⠀⣤⢠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠒⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢾⠿⠿⢿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠤⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡋⠀⠀⠹⠾⠃⠸⠷⠦⠈⣉⠈⠁⣤⢤⡀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡎⠀⢀⠀⢱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠬⣴⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣀⣀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⠀⠘⠛⠛⠁⠛⠛⠂⠛⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢄⣀⣀⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢤⣤⠤⠼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⡄⣸⣿⢠⡞⠛⣷⠀⣿⣧⢸⡇⢸⡟⢳⡄⢰⡟⣇⠈⢻⣰⠏⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠷⠇⠿⠈⠷⠤⠿⠀⠿⠘⠿⠇⠸⠧⠾⠁⠾⠛⠻⠄⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠬⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠉⠐⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢇⢒⣒⣒⢊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡀⠀⢀⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⣛⣯⣽⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣯⣭⣟⣻⢿⣿⡟⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣯⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣧⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣽⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡎⣷⣝⡳⠷⠿⣾⣾⣾⠶⠾⣞⣣⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣝⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣵⡏⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣭⣭⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣯⣭⣽⣶⣾⣿⣷⣤⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣯⣯⣯⣽⣿⣽⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⠟⢫⣾⡇⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠼⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠇⣿⣯⣯⣯⣭⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠷⠾⠾⠶⠾⠷⠶⠷⠶⠷⠿⠿⠶⠿⠷⠶⠿⠾⠾⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⢾⡷⢶⢷⢷⡷⡷⣿⡷⠷⣿⠷⣿⢶⢾⣿⢾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 708 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Microsoft_Discriminated_Based_on_Sexuality.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Microsoft_Discriminated_Based_on_Sexuality.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Microsoft “Discriminated Based on Sexuality”⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023 Posted anonymously one_day_ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇After ten years is exactly what happened to me. One day I was useful and the very next day I wasn't. I worked directly for amyhood. The c f o of the company and I can tell you that she left people in charge who discriminated based on s-xuality and performance. This is not a good employer if you are g-y, especially not, if you're in finance. As soon as I came out of work. I was fired within a few weeks . After ten years of good service that sounds microsoft how microsoft Treated employee [...]⦈ Relevant, as they love lecturing us on "diversity" and "inclusion"... ⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣕⡗⣽⣿⣿⣯⡍⠋⠻⡛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⢛⢛⣿⣛⣛⡛⠝⢛⠛⢛⡏⢹⢛⠛⠟⡟⣛⠛⡟⣻⠛⡟⡛⠛⠛⢛⡛⠋⠙⣛⡻⡛⣻⡟⣹⠛⢛⢋⠛⣻⠙⢻⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡚⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣻⠷⠾⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⢾⠿⢳⠿⠿⠿⢿⡞⡿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠷⠿⢺⠿⠿⠗⠿⠿⡿⢿⠳⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⣿⡿⡟⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⡶⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⡶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⢶⡾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⢷⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣕⢗⣽⣿⣿⣧⣤⣇⣲⣵⣵⣿⣬⣦⣦⣦⣦⣿⣦⣤⣷⣧⣵⣼⣶⣷⣧⣧⣤⣤⣶⣤⣬⣦⣶⣧⣤⣤⣵⣶⣶⣵⣴⣦⣤⣤⣴⣦⣶⣴⣴⣦⣵⣿⣦⣶⣶⣬⣆⣤⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⠒⠒⠒⢒⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⠟⡍⢻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣴⣽⣧⣥⣬⣽⣥⣼⣤⣥⣭⣸⣿⣭⣿⣬⣭⣅⣭⣬⣬⣬⣽⣯⣤⣤⣧⣼⣿⣽⣬⣼⣯⣥⣼⣬⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣄⣿⣬⣥⣽⣿⣮⣤⣥⣯⣤⣤⣇⣮⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣒⣒⣻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣢⣿⣿⣿⣇⣈⣉⣸⣙⣙⣹⣏⣙⣞⣏⣉⣙⢙⣈⣹⣈⣹⣉⣉⣙⡍⢈⣹⣉⣈⣉⣏⣀⣉⣛⣗⣉⣛⣙⣙⣋⣙⣳⣋⣉⣉⣙⣏⣉⣹⣏⣭⣙⣛⣁⣀⢭⣏⣋⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⠃⣆⢻⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠉⠛⡛⠻⠿⠛⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠭⠭⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣬⠏⣼⣿⣿⣯⣍⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣐⣢⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠝⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟⢻⢛⣻⡛⢛⢻⠛⠻⠛⡛⡟⢻⠟⡛⠛⣛⡋⢛⡛⠋⠛⠛⡏⠛⢟⢛⠛⣛⠟⢟⣟⣛⢟⣛⠟⣿⢻⢛⡟⡿⡻⠛⢻⢻⠻⠛⠛⣟⠛⠟⢛⣫⡟⠛⠛⢹⠋⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⡟⡛⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠿⠾⡿⡾⠷⢾⡾⠾⠶⡷⡷⡾⠷⠶⠶⢾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣾⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣦⣣⣾⣿⣿⣷⣦⣼⣾⣿⣤⣥⣿⣯⣤⣷⣧⣷⣾⣤⣤⣼⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠛⣉⡄⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡈⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 767 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/The_Smart_Attack_on_Power_Grid_Neutrality_or_the_Wet_Dream_of_T.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/The_Smart_Attack_on_Power_Grid_Neutrality_or_the_Wet_Dream_of_T.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ The 'Smart' Attack on Power Grid Neutrality (or the Wet Dream of Tiered Pricing for Power, Essentially Punishing Poorer Households for Exercising Freedom Like Richer Households)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023 The dishonest marketing people tell us the age of disservice and discrimination is all about "smart" and "Hey Hi" (AI) as in algorithms akin to traffic-shaping in the context of network neutrality 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Science Teacher⦈ THE war is on. The war is not new. The war started well over a decade ago and it is intensifying in the face of defensive backlash if not rebellion. More people are learning firsthand what "Smart" is; in some cases, it means your thermostat in your own home is remotely controlled by some hostile company (GNU responded to this incident, making a strong point for software freedom). Is this the future? Whose future would that be? Finland recently had a "taste" of the same thing, right after a power supplier had suffered a critical failure at a site. Finns were cold already, then they got a lot poorer (for doing something about it). Regarding that incident, see Daily Links of last week. Some aren't failures attributable to pipe accidents/ vandalism but to IT incompetence. That's an issue for another_day... Today we focus on spymeters ("smart" meters). The only thing I truly regret is that I've not kept good track or stock (e.g. a wiki page with links) of my many articles on this topic, resulting in much time wasted this morning just trying to track them down. I wrote_about_the_primary issues_with_spymeters_as_a_poem (or "smart" meters as they always call them here, even consistently and insistently too despite the misleading nature of the term). I wrote it over 2 years ago and I even talked about this way_back_in 2010_or_13.5_years_ago. I again spoke_about_them_in_relation_to_the_'Appeal_to Novelty'_fallacy and a few more times with a detailed list of issues (I've lost track of it all because I covered the issue in several sites), aside from obvious and more widely-publicised - perhaps wrongly emphasised - security and privacy issues (and inability to go back to "traditional" meters). The energy suppliers keep giving false assurances or deadlines (for transition) and book you for fake appointments (to be "confirmed" by you), not to mention the endless_spam, attempts to offer gifts (small bribes), and countless_other issues. I feel like I'm constantly being harassed for not adopting these, no matter how much I ask for this torrent of spam/calls to stop, and maybe that's just the goal. They moreover resort to belittling remarks and smears (like "paranoia"), so you know they lack a really good argument and thus fall back onto stigma, name-calling, subtle demonisation tactics. Who's the troublemaker here? In some cases, or on some occasions (years), the providers were denying discounts or - in other words - having premiums (taxes) on not having the thing installed. We literally had to pay more money just not to have those things installed. So they profit from 'dissent' too. They might say they are "optimising" some "models" of the electric grids, but the net effect is negative, both when it comes to one's human rights, one's security, and one's cost of operation (those things don't run on air). If we let this be, what will come next? Spymeters with microphones and cameras built in? Gyroscopes? Social control media integration? Will that stop at power readings? If we collectively or even individually surrender to this "agenda", as many people already do (it's easier to surrender than to resist), then they will do the same for water, e.g. if they are unable to supply clean water in particular quantities at some times (e.g. a certain time of the year or a certain year). Don't laugh, many countries already experience this! Who will be on top? The rich. They always get their way. The way things were 'traditionally' done, we all shared the same grids and pipes; only some meter inside your home kept track of how much you (compared to others) "consumed" and when; it was an unknown/enigma until a person came over to check. It was hard to divert everything towards "only" rich households. There was a sense of "consumption" anonymity, as least as a metaphorical concept. Enter "smart". Imagine the future of water management in an age of overpopulation and climate change. The implementation is not far fetched. It's already feasible, albeit with water they can adjust frequencies of visits/checks at times of draught, introducing tiered pricing for water at times of scarcity, then upselling/overcharging (ripping people off) just like on the Web/Net... or like having 'dynamic pricing' for passengers of planes (pricey flights)/trains/cars (see Uber scandals) based on how rich they are, perhaps based on some online profile (bought from a so-called "data broker"). The problem is a lot bigger than just power measurements, which can contribute to more profiling of house tenants (then selling their personal data, e.g. times indoors, home temperature, lots more). Do you have no "spy" meter? Then no discrimination. Maybe they can discriminate based on who you are, but not based on when you use power and what for? All they have is "total" usage and a name. Here in the UK they measure usage only a few times a year, everything else is an estimate extrapolated or interpolated based on other readings. The escalation tactics of theirs are rather telling; they phone me about this issue again and again for nearly a decade already, with an actual person rather than a bot on the line (and this costs them more than sending E-mails and envelopes with stamps). Next time they phone I might say, "I know you go by a script, but let me explain to you what those meters are for" (surveillance meters that beget abuse of the clients - albeit that's not what they tell/brief the people on the line; they talk, they don't listen though; the script goes something like, "my mom also was apprehensive, but now she really likes these meters"). Surprisingly or not, this is akin to network neutrality, albeit in the energy, not in the packet, sense. The power resellers are like ISPs, but there's no datacentre/GAFAM, just upstream oil/coal giants. Dynamic pricing for power usage at different times of the day, or discouraging the use of power when it's cold, is a huge can of worms; the corporate/state media speaks of when many people get back from work or when it gets extremely cold... There are better options! Options that do not enrich the cartel or oligopoly of suppliers and instead helps those most vulnerable. A friend told me those new meters are very unsafe especially in the context of the "hybrid" warfare going on for the last decade or so against Europe. The grids aren't the only target/s but also people's homes, which now have in them an unpatched pile of e-waste they used to label "IoT" or "smart". In many homes this is the least secure link, i.e. potential edgepoint/endpoint through which to penetrate the whole home network (LAN), compromising everything. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⠁⢀⣤⣌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⡴⠚⠑⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠙⣿⠟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠉⠓⣴⡋⠀⢀⣠⣇⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⠟⠀⠀⠈⠻⡀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣠⢤⠞⠒⠙⢯⡉⡟⠉⠛⢙⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠚⠉⢱⣎⠀⠻⠇⠀⡝⢆⣠⠔⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⢀⣠⣴⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢄⣀⣀⣎⣈⣳⣤⢤⠞⠊⠉⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣾⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⡀⡠⠛⠦⣀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠈⠚⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠤⠼⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⠿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 947 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Updated_A_Month_Ago_Richard_Stallman_as_Software_Patents_Obstac.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2023/11/29/Updated_A_Month_Ago_Richard_Stallman_as_Software_Patents_Obstac.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Updated A Month Ago: Richard Stallman on Software Patents as Obstacles to Software Development⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023, updated Nov 29, 2023 by Richard Stallman Original_from_GNU, licensing information at the bottom 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Illustration old lantern lamp fixture art collage on parchment paper⦈ This is the transcription of a talk presented by Richard M. Stallman on March 25, 2002, at the University of Cambridge Computer_Laboratory, organized by the Foundation_for_Information_Policy_Research. Transcript (original_version) and audio_recording by Nicholas Hill. HTML editing and links by Markus Kuhn and GNU webmasters. =============================================================================== You might have been familiar with my work on free_software. This speech is not about that. This speech is about a way of misusing_laws to make software development a dangerous activity. This is about what happens when patent law gets applied to the field of software. It's not about patenting software. That's a very bad way, a misleading way to describe it, because it's not a matter of patenting individual programs. If it were, it would make no difference, it would be basically harmless. Instead, it's about patenting ideas. Every patent covers some idea. Software_patents are patents that cover software ideas, ideas that you would use in developing software. That's what makes them a dangerous obstacle to all software development. § Table of contents⠀➾ * Differences_between_copyrights_and_patents * The_patent_system * How_a_developer_can_deal_with_patents o Avoiding_the_patent o Licensing_the_patent o Overturning_the_patent_in_court * Specificities_of_the_software_field * Addressing_the_problem_of_software_patents_in_public_policies * Footnotes § Differences between copyrights and patents⠀➾ You may have heard people use a misleading term “intellectual_property.” This term, as you can see, is biased, because it makes an assumption: whatever it is you are talking about, the way to treat it is as a kind of property, which is one among many alternatives. This term “intellectual property” pre-judges the most basic question in whatever area you are dealing with. That's not conducive to clear and open minded thinking. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Court_Reporter_Stenotype_Poster_Patent⦈_ But there is an additional problem which has nothing to do with promoting any one opinion. It gets in the way of understanding even the facts. The term “intellectual property” is a catch-all. It lumps together various completely disparate areas of law, such as copyrights and patents, which are completely different from copyrights (every detail is different), and trademarks, which are even more different, and various other things more or less commonly encountered. None of them has anything in common with any of the others. Their origins, historically, are completely separate. The laws were designed independently. They cover different areas of life and activities, and the public policy issues they raise are completely unrelated. So, if you try to think about them by lumping them together, you are guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. Whatever they might be, there is literally no sensible or intelligent opinion you can have about “intellectual property.” So, if you want to think clearly, don't lump them together. Think about copyrights, and then think about patents. Learn about copyright law, and separately, learn about patent law. To give you some of the biggest differences between copyrights and patents: * Copyrights cover the details of expression of a work; copyrights don't cover any ideas. It's a {legal fault} to consider copyrights as covering any idea. But patents only cover ideas and the use of ideas. * Copyrights happen automatically. Patents are issued by a patent office in response to an application. It costs a lot of money. And it costs even more paying the lawyers to write the application than it costs to actually apply. It takes typically some years for the application to get considered, even though patent offices typically do an extremely sloppy job of considering them. * Copyrights last tremendously long. Nowadays, in some cases they can last as long as 150 years, whereas patents last for 20 years, which is long enough that you can outlive them, but still quite long by a timescale of a field such as software. Think back 20 years ago; the PC was a new thing. Imagine being constrained to develop software using only the ideas that were known in 1982. * Copyrights cover copying. If you write a novel that turns out to be word- for-word the same asGone with the Wind, but you can prove you never sawGone with the Wind, and that you wrote it on your own, that would be a defense to any accusation of copyright infringement. But a patent is an absolute monopoly on using an idea. Even if you could prove that you had the idea on your own, it would be entirely irrelevant if the idea is patented by somebody else. I hope you will basically just forget about copyrights for the rest of this talk, because this talk is about patents and you should never lump together copyrights and patents. Your understanding of these legal issues would be about like what would happen in your understanding of practical chemistry if you confused water and ethanol. § The patent system⠀➾ When you hear people describe the patent system, they usually describe it from the point of view of somebody who is hoping to get a patent: what it would be like for you to get a patent; what it would be like for you to be walking down the street with a patent in your pocket, so that every so often you can pull it out and point it out at somebody and say “Give Me Your Money!” There is a reason for this bias, which is that most of the people who will tell you about this patent system have a stake in it, so they want you to like it. There is another reason: the patent system is a lot like a lottery because only a tiny fraction of patents actually bring any benefit to those who hold the patents. In fact,The_Economistonce compared it to a time consuming lottery. If you have seen ads for lotteries, they always invite you to think about winning. They don't invite you to think about losing, even though losing is far more likely. It's the same with ads for the patent system. They always invite you to think about being the one who wins. To balance this bias, I am going to describe the patent system from the point of view of its victims. That is from the point of view of somebody who wants to develop software but is forced to contend with a system of software patents that might result in getting sued. So, what's the first thing you are going to do after you have had an idea of what kind of program you are going to write? The first thing you might want to try to do to deal with the patent system is find out what patents may cover the program you want to write. This is impossible. The reason is that some of the patent applications that are pending are secret. After a certain amount of time they may get published, like 18 months. But that's plenty of time for you to write a program and even release it, not knowing that there is going to be a patent and you are going to get sued. This is not just academic. In 1984, the Compress program was written (it was a program for data compression.) At the time, there was no patent on the LZW compression algorithm which it used. Then in 1985, the US issued a patent on this algorithm, and over the next few years, those who distributed the Compress program started getting threats. There was no way that the author of Compress could have realized he was likely to get sued. All he did was use an idea that he found in a journal, just like programmers have always done. He hadn't realized that you could no longer safely use ideas that you found in a journal. But let's forget about that problem… The issued patents are published by the patent office, so you can find the whole long list of them and see exactly what they say. Of course, you couldn't actually read that whole list as there are too many of them. In the US, there are hundreds of thousands of software patents, and there is no way you could keep track of what they are all about. So you'd have to try to search for relevant ones. Some people say that should be easy in these modern days of computers. You could search for keywords and so on. Well, that will work to a certain extent. You will find some patents in the area. You won't necessarily find them all, however. For instance, there was a software patent which, I think, may have expired by now, on natural order recalculation in spreadsheets. This means basically that, when you make certain cells depend on other cells, it always recalculates everything after the things it depends on, so that after one recalculation everything is up to date. The first spreadsheets did their recalculation top- down, so if you made a cell depend on a cell that was lower down, and you had a few such steps, you had to recalculate several times to get the new values to propagate upwards. You were supposed to have things depend on cells above them, you see. Then somebody realized, “Why don't I just do the recalculation. Everything gets recalculated after the things it depends on. Do it in the right order, and they will all be up to date.” This algorithm is known as topological sorting. The first reference to it I could find was in 1963. The patent covered several dozen different ways you could implement topological sorting, but you wouldn't have found this patent by searching for “spreadsheet,” because it didn't mention that word. You couldn't have found it to “natural order” or “topological sort,” because it didn't have any of those terms in it. In fact, it was described as a “method of compiling formulas into object code.” I think when I first saw it, I thought it was the wrong patent. But let's suppose that you got a list of patents. So you want to see now what you are not allowed to do. You try studying these patents; well, you discover it's very hard to understand them, because they are written in tortuous legal language, whose meaning is very hard to understand. In fact, things that patent offices say often don't mean what they seem to mean. There was an Australian government study of the patent system in the 1980's. It concluded that, aside from international pressure, there was no reason to have a patent system—it did no good for the public—and recommended abolishing it, if not for international pressure. One of the things they cited was that engineers don't try reading patents to learn anything, because it is too hard to understand them. They quoted one engineer saying “I can't recognize my own inventions in patenteese.” [laughs] This is not just theoretical. Around 1990, a programmer named Paul_Heckel sued Apple, claiming that Hypercard infringed a couple of his patents. When he first saw Hypercard, he didn't think it had anything to do with his “inventions.” It didn't look similar. But his lawyer told him that you could read the patents as covering part of Hypercard, so he decided to then attack Apple. When I gave a speech about this at Stanford, he was in the audience and he said “That's not true, I just didn't understand the extent of my protection!” [laughs]  And I said, “Yes, that's what I said!” [laughs] So, in fact, you are going to spend a lot of time talking with lawyers to figure out what these patents prohibit you from doing. And ultimately, they are going to say something like this: “If you do something in here, you are sure to lose; if you do something in here, there is a substantial chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay out of this area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in the outcome of any lawsuit.” [chuckle in the audience] § How a developer can deal with patents⠀➾ Now that you have a predictable terrain for doing business, [chuckle in the audience] what are you going to do? Well, there are three approaches that you might try, any of which is applicable in some cases. They are: 1. avoiding the patent, 2. licensing the patent, or 3. overturning it in court. Let me describe these three approaches and what makes them workable or unworkable. 1. Avoiding the patent That means don't use the idea that the patent covers. This can be easy or hard, depending on what that idea is. In some cases, a feature is patented. Then you avoid the patent by not implementing that feature. Then it just matters how important is that feature. In some cases, you can live without it. A while ago, the users of the word processor XyWrite got a downgrade in the mail. The downgrade removed a feature which allowed you to predefine abbreviations: when you typed an abbreviation followed by a punctuation character, it would immediately replace itself by some expansion. So that way you could define the abbreviation for some long phrase, type the abbreviation, and then the long phrase would be in your document. They wrote to me about this because they knew that the Emacs editor has a similar feature. In fact, it had it since the 70's. This was interesting because it showed me that I've had at least one patentable idea in my life. [laughs]  I knew it was patentable because somebody else patented it afterward! Actually, they had tried these various approaches. At first they tried negotiating with the patent holder, who turned out not to negotiate in good faith. Then they looked at whether they could have a chance of overturning the patent. What they decided to do was take out the feature. You can live without this feature. If the word processor lacks only this feature, maybe people will still use it. But as various features start getting hit, eventually you end up with a program that people think is not very good, and they are likely to reject it. That's a rather narrow patent on a very specific feature. But what do you do with the British_Telecom_patent on traversing hyperlinks together with dial-up access? Traversing hyperlinks is absolutely essential to a major use of computers these days. And dial-up access is also essential. How do you do without this feature, which, by the way, isn't even one feature, it is really just a combination of two, just arbitrarily juxtaposed. It is rather like a patent on having a sofa and television in the same room. [laughs] Sometimes the idea that's patented will be so broad and basic that it's very hard, that it basically rules out an entire field. For instance, the idea of Public Key Encryption, which was patented in the US. The patent expired in 1997. Until then, it largely blocked the use of Public Key Encryption in the US. A number of programs that people started to develop got crushed, and were never really available because the patent holders threatened them. Then, one program got away: the program PGP, which initially was released as free software. Apparently, the patent holders, by the time they got around to attacking, realized they might get too much bad publicity. So they imposed restrictions, making it for noncommercial use only, which meant it couldn't catch on too much. So they greatly limited the use of Public Key Encryption for a decade or more. There was no way around that patent. There was nothing else you could do like that. Sometimes a specific algorithm gets patented. For instance, there is a patent on an optimized version of the Fast Fourier Transform. It runs about twice as fast. You can avoid that by using the ordinary FFT in your program. That part of your program will take twice as long. Maybe that doesn't matter. Maybe that's a small enough part of the program's running time that, if it is twice as slow, you won't really notice. Or maybe that means your program won't run at all, because it will take twice the real time to do its job. The effects vary. In some cases, you can find a better algorithm. That may or may not do you any good. Because we couldn't use Compress, in the GNU Project we started looking for some other algorithm for data compression. Somebody wrote to us saying he had one. He had written a program and he decided to contribute it to us. We were going to release it, and just by chance I happened to see a copy of theNew York Timesthat happened to have the weekly patent column in it. I didn't see a copy of theTimesmore than once every few months. So I looked at it, and it said that somebody had got a patent for “inventing a new method of compressing data.” I figured I better take a look at this patent. I got a copy, and it turned out to cover the program that we were just a week away from releasing. So that program died before it was born. Later on we did find another algorithm which was unpatented. That became the program Gzip, which is now effectively the de-facto standard for data compression. As an algorithm to use in a program for data compression, it was fine. People who wanted to do data compression could use Gzip instead of Compress. But the same patented LZW compression algorithm was also used in image formats such as GIF format. And there, because the job that people wanted to do was not simply “Compress my data,” but “Make an image that people can display with their software,” it turned out to be very hard to switch over to a different algorithm. In fact, we have not been able to do it in 10 years! Yes, people used the new Gzip algorithm to define another_image_format, once people started getting threatened with lawsuits for using GIF files. But when we started saying to people “Hey, stop using GIF files, switch over to this!” people said, “We can't switch. The browsers don't support the new format yet.” And the browser developers said “We're not in a hurry about this. After all, nobody is using this file format.” [laughs] In effect, society had so much inertia in the use of that particular format [GIF] that we have not been able to get people to switch. Essentially, the community's use of the GIF format is still pushing sites into using GIF format, with the result that they are vulnerable to these threats. In fact, the situation is even more bizarre, because there are actually two patents covering the LZW compression algorithm. The patent office couldn't even tell that they were issuing two patents on the same thing. They couldn't keep track. There is a reason for this. It takes a while of study of these two patents to see that they really cover the same thing. If they were patents on some chemical process, it would be much easier. Because you could see what substances were being used, what the inputs were, what the outputs were, which physical actions are being taken. No matter how they are described, you'd see what they were and then you would see that they are similar. But when something is purely mathematical, you could have various ways to describe it, which are a lot more different. They are not superficially similar. You have to really understand them to see they are talking about the same thing. In the patent office, they don't have time. The US Patent Office, as of a few years ago, was spending 17 hours on the average per patent. This is not long enough to think carefully about them. So, of course they make mistakes like that. In fact, I told you about the program that died before it was born. Well, that algorithm also has had two patents issued for it in the US. Apparently, it is not that unusual. So, avoiding the patents may be easy {or it} may be impossible; it may be easy but it makes your program useless. It varies depending on the situation. Here is another point I should mention, that sometimes a company or consortium can make a format or protocol a de-facto standard. Then, if that format or protocol is patented, that's a real disaster for you. There are even official standards that are restricted by patents. There was a big political uproar last September when the World_Wide_Web Consortium was proposing to start adopting standards that were covered by patents. The community objected, and they reversed themselves. They went back to insisting that patents had to be freely implementable by anyone, and that standards had to be free for anyone to implement. That is an interesting victory. I think it's the first time any standards body has made that decision. It's normal for standards bodies to be willing to put something in a standard which in fact is restricted by patents, and people are not allowed to go ahead and implement it freely. We need to go to other standards bodies and call on them to change their rules. 2. Licensing the patent The second possibility is, instead of avoiding the patent, to get a license for the patent. This is not necessarily an option. The patent holder does not have to offer you a license. It's not required. Ten years ago, the League for Programming Freedom got a letter asking for help from somebody whose family business was making gambling machinery for casinos, and they used computers back then. He received a threat from another company that said, “We have the patents. You are not allowed to make these things. Shut down.” I looked at that patent. It covered having a number of computers on a network for playing games, such that each computer supported more than one game and allowed you to be playing more than one game at a time. You will find the patent offices really think that there is something brilliant about doing more than one of anything. [laughs]  They don't realize that, in computer science, that's the most obvious way to generalize anything. You did it once. Now you can do it any number of times, make a subroutine. They think that if you do anything twice instead of once, you made a new invention. That somehow means you are brilliant and nobody can possibly argue with your right to boss them around and restrict them. Anyway, he wasn't offered a license, and he had to shut down. He couldn't even afford really to go to court. I would say that particular patent was an obvious idea. It's possible that a judge might have agreed. We will never know, though, because he could not afford to go to court. However, a lot of patent holders do offer licenses. They often charge a lot of money for that, though. The company licensing the natural order recalculation patent was demanding 5% of the gross sales of every spreadsheet in the US. I am told that was the cheap pre-lawsuit price. If you actually made them sue you and they won, they'd demand more. You might be able to afford that 5% for licensing this one patent, but what if you need to license 20 different patents to make the program? Then all the money you take in has to go out to them. What if you need to license 21 patents? People in business told me that, practically speaking, two or three of them would make any business unfeasible. But there is a situation where licensing patents is a very good solution. That is if you are a multinational mega-corporation. Because these companies own a lot of patents, and they cross-license with each other. That way, they escape most of the harm that the patent system does and they only get the good. IBM published an article in Think magazine—I believe it was issue No. 5 of 1990—on IBM's patent portfolio, which said that IBM got two kinds of benefits from its 9000 US patents. I believe the number is larger today. These were (1) collecting royalties, and (2) getting access to the patents of others. They said that the latter benefit was an order of magnitude greater. So, the benefit that IBM got from being allowed to use the ideas that were patented by others was 10 times the direct benefit IBM could get from licensing patents. What does this really mean? What is the benefit that IBM gets from this access to the patents of others? It's basically the benefit of being excused from the trouble that the patent system can cause you. The patent system is like a lottery. What happens with any given patent could be nothing, could be a windfall for some patent holder and a disaster for everyone else. But IBM being so big, for them it averages out. They get to measure the average harm and good of the patent system. For them, the trouble would have been 10 times the good. I say would have been because IBM, through cross-licensing, avoids experiencing that trouble. That trouble is only potential. It doesn't really happen to them. But when they measure the benefits of avoiding that trouble, they estimate it as 10 times the value of the money they collect from their patents. This phenomenon of cross-licensing refutes a common myth, the myth of the starving genius. The myth that patents “protect” the “small inventor.” Those terms are propaganda terms. You shouldn't use them. The scenario is like this: Suppose there is a brilliant designer of whatever, who has spent years by himself, starving in an attic, designing a new wonderful kind of whatever, and now wants to manufacture it. Isn't it a shame the big companies are going to go into competition with him, take away all the business and he'll “starve”? Well, I have to point out that people in high tech fields are not generally working on their own, and that ideas don't come in a vacuum—they are based on the work of others—and that these people have pretty good chances of getting a job if they need to these days. So this scenario, the idea that this brilliant idea came from this one person working alone, is unrealistic, and the idea that he is in danger of starving is unrealistic. But it is conceivable that somebody could have an idea, and this idea, maybe together with 100 or 200 other ideas, could be the basis of making some kind of product, and that big companies might want to compete with him. So let's see what happens if he tries to use a patent to stop them. He says, “Oh no, IBM. You can't compete with me. I've got this patent.” And IBM says, “Let's see. Let's look at your product. Hmmm. I've got this patent and this one and this one and this one and this one and this one, which parts of your product infringe. If you think you can fight against all of them in court, I'll just go back and look for some more. So, why don't you cross-license with me?” And then this brilliant small [laughs] inventor says, “Well, OK, I'll cross-license.” And now he can go back and make these wonderful whatever it is, and so can IBM. IBM now gets access to his patent, and gets the right to compete with him, which means that this patent didn't “protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really do that. The mega-corporations avoid, for the most part, the harm of the patent system. They see mainly the good side. That's why they want to have software patents. They are the ones who will benefit from it. But if you are really a small inventor, or work for a small company, the small company is not going to be able to do this. They try. The problem is that they cannot get enough patents to do this. You see, any given patent is pointing in a certain direction. So, if a small company has patents pointing there, there, and there [showing left side], and somebody over there [showing right side] points a patent at them and says “Give me your money,” they are helpless, because they've got patents pointing there or near [showing left side], but not there [showing right side]. IBM can do it, because with these 9000 patents, they are pointing everywhere. No matter where you are, there is an IBM patent pointing at you, probably. So, IBM can always make you cross-license, almost always. But the small companies only occasionally can make someone cross-license. They will say they want patents for defensive purposes, but they won't get enough to be able to defend themselves. There are cases where even IBM cannot make someone cross-license. That is when there is a company whose sole business is taking a patent and squeezing money out of people. The company that had the natural order recalculation patent was exactly such a company. Their sole business was to threaten to sue people and collect money from people who were really developing something. There are no patents on legal procedures. [laughs]  I guess the lawyers sort of understand what a pain it would be to have to deal with the patent system themselves. The result is that there is no way you can get a patent to make that company, Refac, cross-license with you. So they go around squeezing everyone. But I guess the companies like IBM figure that's part of the price of doing business so they can live with it. So that's the possibility of licensing a patent, which may or may not be possible. And you may or may not be able to afford it. 3. Overturning the patent in court Supposedly, in order to be patented, something has to be new, useful and unobvious. That's the language used in the US. I think other countries have different language which is pretty much equivalent to it. Of course, when the patent office gets into the game and they start interpreting new and unobvious, “new” turns out to mean “we don't have it in our files,” and “unobvious” tends to mean “unobvious to somebody with an IQ of 50.” Somebody who studies most of the software patents issued in the US—or at least he used to; I don't know if he can still keep up with them—said that 90% of them wouldn't pass the Crystal City test, which meant, if the people in the patent office went outside to the news stand and got some computer magazines, they would see that these ideas were already known. The patent office does things that are so obviously foolish, you wouldn't even have to know the state of the art to see they are foolish. This is not limited to software. I once saw the famous Harvard mouse patent, which was obtained after Harvard genetically engineered a strain of mouse with a cancer causing gene. The cancer causing gene was already known, and was inserted using known techniques into an already existing strain of mouse. The patent they got covered inserting any cancer causing gene into any kind of mammal, using any method whatsoever. You don't have to know anything about genetic engineering to realize that is ridiculous. But I am told that this overclaiming is normal practice, and that the US Patent Office sometimes invited patent applicants to make their claims broader. Basically, make the claims broader until you think they are running into something else that's unambiguous prior art. See how much land grab in mental space you can get away with. When programmers look at a lot of software patents, they say, “This is ridiculously obvious!” Patent bureaucrats have all sorts of excuses to justify ignoring what programmers think. They say “Oh! But you have to consider it in terms of the way things were 10 or 20 years ago.” Then they discovered that if they talk something to death then you can eventually lose your bearings. Anything can look unobvious if you tear it apart enough, analyze it enough. You simply lose all standard of obviousness, or at least lose the ability to justify any standard of obvious or unobvious. Then, of course, they describe the patent holders as brilliant inventors, all of them. Therefore we can't question their entitlement to power over what we can do. If you go to court, the judges are likely to be a little more stringent about the idea of what is obvious or not. But the problem is it costs millions of dollars to do that. I heard of one patent case, the defendant I remember was Qualcomm, and I believe the ruling ultimately was 13 million dollars, of which most went to pay the lawyers on both sides. There were a few million dollars left over for the plaintiff, because they lost. To a large extent, the question of the validity of a patent will depend on historical accidents. Lots of historical accidents, such as precisely what was published when, and which of those things somebody manages to find, which of them didn't get lost, the precise dates, and so on. So it's many historical accidents that determine whether the patent is valid. In fact, it is a weird thing the British_Telecom_following_hyperlinks together_with_phone_access patent, was applied for, I think, in 1975. I think it was in 1974 that I developed the Info package for the first time. The Info package allows you to traverse hyperlinks, and people did use telephones to dial up and access the system. So in fact, I produced a piece of prior art for that patent. That's the second patentable idea I've had in my life, but I don't think I have any proof of that. I didn't think this was interesting enough to publish it. After all, the idea of following hyperlinks, I got that from a demo of Engelbart's editor. He is the one who had an idea that was interesting to publish. I called it “poor man's hypertext,” because I had to implement it in the context of TECO. It wasn't as powerful as his hypertext, but it was at least useful for browsing documentation, which was all it was meant for, and as for there being dial-up access to the system, well, there was, but it didn't occur to me that the one had any particular thing to do with the other. I wasn't going to try to publish a paper saying “Oh! I implemented this poor man's hypertext, and guess what! There are dial-up lines on the computer too!” [laughs]  I suspect there is no way to tell precisely on what dates I implemented this. And was it published in any sense? Well, we invited guests to come in across the ARPAnet and log in on our machine, so they could have browsed documentation using Info, and seen the thing. And if they had asked us, they would have found we have dial- up access. But as you can see, historical accident determines whether you've got prior art. Now of course, there is a publication made by Engelbart about hypertext, which they are going to show. I don't think it says anything about having dial-ups on the computer however. So, whether it will suffice is not clear. So, this is an option, the possibility of going to court to overturn the patent. But, because of the expense, it is often out of the question even if you can find solid prior art that ought to be sufficient to overturn the patent. As a result, an invalid patent, a patent that nominally shouldn't have existed (but in fact lots and lots of them do) is a dangerous weapon. If somebody attacks you with an invalid patent, that can really cause a lot of trouble for you. You might be able to bluff them away by showing them the prior art. It depends whether they can get scared off that way or they might think “Well, you are just bluffing, we figure you can't really go to court. You can't afford it, so we'll sue you anyway.” All of these three possibilities are things that sometimes you can manage to use, but often you can't. So you have to face patent after patent after patent. Each time you may be able to find one of these three possibilities you can use, then there is another patent, then another, and another. It gets like crossing a minefield. Each step you take, each design decision, probably won't step on a patent. So you can take a few steps and, probably, there won't be an explosion. But the chance that you will get all the way through the minefield and get to develop the program you wanted to develop without ever stepping on a patent gets less and less as the program gets bigger. § Specificities of the software field⠀➾ Now, people used to say to me, “Well, there are patents in other fields, why should software be exempt?” Note the bizarre assumption in there that somehow we are all supposed to suffer through the patent system. It is like saying “Some people get cancer. Why should you be exempt?” [laughs]  As I see it, each person who doesn't get cancer is good. But there is, behind that, a less biased question, which is a good question, which is: Is software different from other fields? Should patent policy be different in different fields? And if so, why? Let me address that question: patents relate to different fields differently because in various fields patents relate to products differently. On the one extreme we have pharmaceuticals, where a given chemical formula would be patented, so that patent covers one and only one product. Some other product wouldn't be covered by the existing patent. If there is to be a patent for this new product, the patent holder would be whoever developed the new product. That fits in with the naive idea of the patent system that we have, that, if you are designing a new product, you are going to get “The Patent,” the idea that there is one patent per product and that it covers the idea of that product. In some fields that's closer to being true. In other fields it's farther from being true. Software is at the opposite extreme. This is because software packages are very big, usually, and they use many different ideas in a new combination. If the program is new, it's not just copied, then it's probably using a different combination of ideas combined, of course, with newly written code, because you can't just magically say the names of these ideas and have them work. You have to implement them all. You have to implement them all in that combination. The result is that, when you write a program, you are using lots of different ideas, any one of them might be patented by somebody. A pair of them might be patented as a combination by somebody. There might be several different ways of describing one idea, which might be patented by various different people. So there are possibly thousands of things, thousands of points of vulnerability in your program, which might be patented by somebody else already. This is why software patents tend to obstruct the progress of software—the work of software development. If it were one patent-one product, then these patents wouldn't obstruct the development of products, because if you developed a new product it wouldn't be patented by somebody else already. But when one product corresponds to many different ideas combined, it becomes very likely that your new product is going to be patented by somebody else already. In fact, there is economic research now showing just how imposing a patent system on a field where there is incremental innovation can retard progress. You see, the advocates of software patents say “Well yes, there may be problems, but more important than any problems, the patents must promote innovation, and that is so important it doesn't matter what problems they cause.” Of course, they don't say that out loud because it is ridiculous, but implicitly they want you to believe that, as long as it promotes progress, that outweighs any possible cost. But actually, there is no reason to believe it does promote progress. We now have a model showing precisely how patents can retard progress. The case where that model can fit describes the software field pretty well: incremental innovation. Why is software on that extreme of the spectrum? The reason is that in software we are developing idealized mathematical objects. You can build a complicated castle and have it rest on a thin line, and it will stay up because it doesn't weigh anything. In other fields, people have to cope with the perversity of matter—of physical objects. Matter does what it is going to do. You can try to model it, and if the actual behavior doesn't fit the model, tough on you. Because the challenge is to make physical objects that really work. If I wanted to put an if statement inside a while statement, I don't have to worry about whether the if statement will oscillate at a certain frequency and rub against the while statement and eventually they will fracture. [laughs]  I don't have to worry whether it will oscillate at a certain higher frequency and induce a signal in the value of some other variable. I don't have to worry about how much current that if statement will draw, whether it can dissipate the heat there inside that while statement. Whether there will be a voltage drop across the while statement that will make the if statement not function. I don't have to worry that if I run this program in a salt-water environment, that the salt water might get in between the if statement and the while statement and cause corrosion. I don't have to worry, when I refer to the value of a variable, whether I am exceeding the fan-out limit by referring to it too many times. I don't have to worry, when I refer to the variable, how much capacitance it has and whether there has been sufficient time to charge up the value. I don't have to worry, when I write the program, about how I'm going to physically assemble each copy, and whether I can manage to get access to put that if statement inside the while statement. And I don't have to worry about how I'm going to gain access in case the if statement breaks, to remove it and replace it with a new one. [laughs] So many problems that we don't have to worry about in software. That makes it fundamentally easier. It's fundamentally easier to write a program than to design a physical object that's going to work. This might seem strange because you have probably heard people talking about how hard software is to design, and how this is a big problem and how we are going to solve it. They are not really talking about the same question I am. See, I'm comparing physical and software systems of the same complexity, the same number of parts. I'm saying the software system is much easier to design than the physical system. But the intelligence of people in these various fields is the same, so what do we do when we are confronted with an easy field? We just push it farther! We push our abilities to the limit. If systems of the same size are easy, let's make systems which are ten times as big, then it will be hard! [laughs]  That's what we do! We make software systems far bigger in terms of number of parts than physical systems. A physical system whose design has a million different pieces in it is a mega project. A computer program whose design has a million pieces in it, that's maybe 300,000 lines, a few people will write that in a couple of years. That's not particularly a giant program. GNU Emacs now has several million pieces in its design I think, because it has a million lines of code. This was a project done with essentially no funding whatsoever. Mostly done by people in their spare time. There is another big saving. If you designed a physical product, the next thing you have to do is design the factory to make it. To build this factory may cost millions or tens of millions, whereas to make copies of the program, you just have to type copy. The same copy command will copy any program. You want copies on CD, fine. You burn a master CD and send it off to a CD plant. They will use the same equipment that will copy any contents on a CD. You don't have to build a factory to make this product. There is tremendous simplification and tremendous reduction in costs of designing things. The result is, say for an automobile company, if they are going to spend 50 million dollars to build a factory, to build a new model of auto, they can hire some lawyers to cope with some patent license negotiations. They could even cope with a lawsuit if they wanted to. Designing a program of the same complexity might cost 50 thousand dollars, or 100 thousand dollars. By comparison, the cost of dealing with the patent system is crushing. Actually designing a program with the same complexity as the mechanical design of an auto, that's probably a month work. How many parts does an auto have… that is if it is an auto that doesn't have computers in it?[1] There are not that many parts, you see. Which is not to say designing a good one is easy, but just that there are not that many different things in it. The result is, software really is different from other fields because we are working with mathematical stuff. Designing something is far, far easier. And the result is we regularly make systems that are much, much larger, and do so with just a few people. The result is that the patent system then, instead of being close to “one product, one patent,” we are in a system where one product involves many, many ideas that could be patented already. The best way to explain it by analogy is with symphonies. A symphony is also long and has many notes in it, and probably uses many musical ideas. Imagine if the governments of Europe in the 1700's had decided they wanted to promote the progress of symphonic music by establishing a European Musical Patent Office that would give patents for any kind of musical idea that you could state in words. Then imagine it is around 1800 and you are Beethoven and you want to write a symphony. You are going to find that getting your symphony to be legal, so that it doesn't infringe any patents, is going to be harder than writing a good symphony. When you complain about this, the patent holders would say “Ah Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no ideas of your own. All you want to do is rip off our inventions.” Beethoven, as it happens, had a lot of new musical ideas, but he had to use a lot of existing musical ideas in order to make recognizable music, in order to make music that listeners could possibly like, that they could recognize as music. Nobody is so brilliant that he can re-invent music and make something that people want to listen to. Pierre Boulez said he would try to do that, and… who listens to Pierre Boulez? [laughs] Nobody is so brilliant he can re-invent all computer science, completely new. If he did, he'd make something that the users would find so strange that they wouldn't want to use it. If you look at a word processor today, you'll find, I think, hundreds of different features. If you develop a nice new innovative word processor, that means there are some new ideas in it, but there must be hundreds of old ideas in it. If you are not allowed to use them, you cannot make an innovative word processor. Because the work of software development is so big, the result is that we don't need any artificial scheme to incentivize new ideas. You just have people writing software and they will have some new ideas. If you want to write a program, you want to make it good. Some ideas will come to you, and some of them you will see a way to use. What used to happen—because I was in the software field before there were software patents—was most of the developers would publish any new ideas that they thought were noteworthy, that they thought they might get any credit or respect for. The ideas that were too small or not impressive enough, they would not publish because that would be silly. Now the patent system is supposed to encourage disclosure of ideas. In fact, in the old days, nobody kept the ideas secret. They kept the code secret, it's true. The code, after all, represented the bulk of the work. They would typically keep the code secret and publish the ideas. That way, the employees could get some credit and feel good; you know, they were allowed to publish papers. After software patents, they still kept the code secret and they patented the ideas. So, in fact, disclosure has not been encouraged in any meaningful sense. The same things are kept secret now as were kept secret before, but the ideas, which used to be published so we could use them, now are likely to be patented and off-limits for 20 years. § Addressing the problem of software patents in public policies⠀➾ What can a country do to change this? How should we change the policy to solve this problem? There are two places you can attack it. One is the place where patents are being applied for and issued, in the patent office. And the other is when patents are being applied—that is, the question of what does a patent cover. Changing the criteria for issuing patents, or simply keeping a good criteria for issuing patents, can work in a country which has not authorized software patents before; for instance, for the most part, in Europe. Simply to clearly re-enforce the European Patent Office's rules which say that software is not patentable. This is a good solution for Europe. Europe is now considering a directive on software patents. The directive I suppose may be broader than that but one of its important implications is for software patents. Simply by modifying this to say software ideas cannot be patented will keep the problem out of Europe for the most part, except for some countries that may have admitted the problem on their own—unfortunately, one of them being the UK, unfortunately for you. That approach won't work in the US. The reason is that the US already has large numbers of software patents, and any change in the criteria for issuing patents won't get rid of the existing ones. However in fact, these patents are not officially labeled as software patents. I say software patents, but what do I really mean? I mean patents that might potentially apply to software, that might potentially get you sued for writing software. The patent office doesn't divide patents into software patents and other patents. So, in fact, any patent might conceivably get you sued for writing software if it could apply to some software. So, in the US, a solution would have to be done through changing the applicability, the scope of patents, saying that a pure software implementation, running on general purpose computer hardware which does not in itself infringe the patent, is not covered by any patent and you can't be sued for it. That's the other kind of solution. But the first kind of solution, the solution that operates on what kinds of patents can be valid is a good solution for Europe to use. When the US started having software patents, there was no political debate. In fact, nobody noticed. The software field, for the most part, didn't even notice. There was a Supreme Court decision in 1981 which considered a patent on a process for curing rubber. The ruling was that the fact that the apparatus included a computer and a program as part of the process to cure the rubber did not make it unpatentable. The appeals court the next year, which considers all patent cases, reversed the qualifiers. They said the fact that there is a computer and a program in this makes it patentable. The fact that there is a computer and program in anything makes it patentable. This is why the US started having business procedure patents. Because the business procedures were carried out on a computer and that made them patentable. So this ruling was made, and I think the natural order recalculation patent was one of the first or might have been even the first. But throughout the 80's we mostly didn't know about this. It was around 1990 that programmers in the US started to become aware that they were faced with a danger from software patents. So, I saw how the field worked before then and how it worked after. I saw no particular speed up in progress after 1990. There was no political debate in the US, but in Europe there has been a big political debate. Several years ago there was a push to amend the Munich treaty that established the European_Patent_Office. It has a clause_saying_that_software_is not_patentable. The push was to amend that to start allowing software patents. But the community took notice of this. It was actually free software developers and free software users who took the lead. We are not the only ones threatened by software patents. All software developers are threatened by software patents and even software users are threatened. For instance, Paul Heckel, when Apple wasn't very scared of his threats, he threatened to start suing Apple customers. That, Apple found very scary. They figured they couldn't afford to have their customers being sued like that, even if they would ultimately win. So users can get sued too, either as a way of attacking a developer, or just as a way to squeeze money out of them on their own or cause mayhem to them on their own. All software developers and users are vulnerable, but it was the free software community in Europe that took the lead in organizing opposition. In fact, twice now the countries that govern the European Patent Office voted not to amend that treaty. Then the EU took a hand, and the directorates of the EU were divided on the issue. The one whose job is to promote software is against software patents, it seems. But they were not in charge of this issue. It's the open market directorate that is in charge, and that's led by somebody who is in favor of software patents. They basically disregarded public opinion that had been expressed to them, and they proposed a directive to allow software patents.[2] The French government has already said they are against it. People are working in various other governments in Europe to oppose software patents, and it is vital to start doing so here. According to Hartmut Pilch, who is one of the leaders in the European struggle against software patents, the main impetus comes from the UK_Patent_Office. The UK Patent Office is simply biased in favor of software patents. It had a public consultation, and most of the responses were opposed to software patents. They then wrote a report saying that people seem to be content with them, [laughs] completely disregarding the answers. You see, the free software community said, “Please send the answers to them, and please send your answers to us too and we'll publish them.” So they published these answers, which were opposed generally. You'd have never guessed that from the report that the UK Patent Office published. They [the UK Patent and Trademark Office] use a term that they call “technical effect.” This is a term which can stretch tremendously. You are supposed to think it means a program idea would only be patentable if it relates closely to specific physical activities. If that is the interpretation, it would mostly solve the problem. If the only software ideas that could be patented were those that really did relate to a particular technical, specific physical result that you might have patented if you didn't use a program, that would be OK. The problem is you can stretch that term. You can describe the result you get by running any program as a physical result. How does this physical result differ from every other? Well it is as a result of this computation. The result is that the UK Patent Office is proposing something that looks like it leads to mostly solving the problem, and really gives carte blanche for patenting almost anything. The people in the same ministry are also involved in a copyright issue which really has nothing to do with software patents except that it's being handled by the same people. It's a question of interpreting the recent EU copyright directive, a horrible law like the Digital_Millennium_Copyright_Act_in_the_US. But there is some latitude for countries to decide how to implement it. The UK is proposing the most draconian possible way of implementing this directive. You could greatly reduce the harm that it does by implementing it properly. The UK wants to maximize the tyrannical effect of this directive. It seems there is a certain group, the Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_[archived], [laughs] who need to be reined in. [laughs]  It is necessary to put a check on their activities. Stop their creating new forms of power. Software patents tie up every software developer and every computer user in a new form of bureaucracy. If the businesses that use computers realized how much trouble this can cause for them, they would be up in arms, and I'm sure they could stop it. Business doesn't like being tied up in bureaucracy. Sometimes, of course, it serves an important purpose. There are some areas where we wish the UK government did a more careful job of tying certain businesses up in bureaucracy, like when it involves moving animals around.[3] But in some cases, when it doesn't serve any purpose except to create artificial monopolies, so that somebody can interfere with software development, squeeze money out of developers and users, then we should reject it. We need to make management aware of what software patents will do to them. Get their support in fighting_against_software_patents_in_Europe. The battle is not over. It still can be won. [applause] § Footnotes⠀➾ 1. There are approximately 300-400 unique parts in an automatic transmission, and a transmission is generally the most complicated component of an auto. To design a transmission may take six months to a year, and even then it may take longer to actually get it built and functioning. However, a program with 500 to 600 functional parts would have 200 to 300 lines of actual code, and would probably take a good programmer a day to a week to write, test and debug. 2. On 6 July 2005, the European Parliament rejected the software patent directive by 648 out of 680 votes. However, we must not forget the issue of software patents, as those who were pressing for patenting are trying to revive the recently thrown-out directive. We also have to ensure that the European Patent Office (EPO) and the national offices in different EU countries stop conceding patents for software included in other kinds of inventions. 3. To make it harder for foot-and-mouth disease to spread. █ =============================================================================== Copyright © 2002, 2006, 2023 Richard Stallman This page is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ⣧⣿⣿⢿⣲⣋⣽⡟⢿⣹⡾⠥⠷⢚⣉⣑⣾⢸⣶⡀⡐⢡⣯⣽⣿⠈⣿⠍⠫⣿⣇⠘⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣻⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⡉⣧⡇⠢⡥⢿⢍⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢷⣗⢯⣟⡯⠿⡚⣍⡳⣒⣶⣓⣸⣿⣅⣿⣿⡿⢟⠭⠍⠉⠭⠿⠠⠛⠄⠀⠉⠹⣧⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣱⣿⣿⣻⣿⢶⣀⠣⠞⡛⠷⣌⢻⣿⣿ ⠏⠛⣈⣭⣩⠽⣿⣿⣿⣟⡽⣙⡟⠚⠟⢷⡾⢁⡀⣠⣤⣤⣍⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠻⣷⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⡿⣯⢿⢧⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠡⣿⣐⣿⣿ ⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⡿⣿⡿⠄⡠⠇⠆⠀⢠⢱⣦⠠⠬⠼⠿⠯⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⣀⠂⢀⡚⢻⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢝⣭⠛⠜⠳⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⡈⣘⡅⣿⣳⣿⣿⠿⡻⠟⠙⠁⠈⠉⢈⣍⢉⠀⠀⠀⢩⣽ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢿⢉⣵⡇⢚⣉⠀⡎⠀⡕⢼⡿⢃⣴⣿⣶⣶⣦⡆⠀⠀⠐⢮⣔⠭⢹⣿⡜⢿⣿⢻⣿⠿⣿⡷⠞⡏⡞⠰⣐⣢⣄⠻⠿⡫⣯⡿⣫⣝⣿⣿⡿⣏⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠐⠡⠃⣠⡺⣻⣿⣿ ⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣇⣨⣏⢠⡁⣴⣧⣌⠒⢭⣭⡉⣉⣉⣉⡁⢨⠀⠀⠈⣻⣶⠱⠙⣿⣾⣏⡄⣞⣸⢵⣴⠞⣡⣴⢾⣻⣯⣿⡆⣿⣇⣥⣔⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠡⣤⣰⡶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⡞⡄⣰⢃⣾⣯⡆⣿⣿⣿ ⢣⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⡛⡟⢻⠟⠷⠘⣿⣟⣍⠈⠉⠑⠖⣲⡆⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣤⣿⣽⣿⡼⣇⣛⣧⣭⢶⣟⣯⣷⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⣵⠮⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⢰⡀⣿⡘⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢣⠘⢛⡾⢻⣿⣿⣭⢿⣙⣋⣿⣭⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⠢⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⣾⢿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣯⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⠟⣇⠁⣼⠉⣽⠛⠿⣞⣼⣿⣝⣢⣞⡿⢿⣿⣻⣟⣿⣾⣷⣷⢷⣿⣟⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⢖⣡⣓⣯⣾⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⡝⣫⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⡀⠤⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠉⠁⠤⣾⣿⣮⣵⡿⠿⢻⣿⡾⡿⣏⡮⣝⢉⠿⡟⣽⣵⣮⣿⣶⣬⣻⢷⣾⡟⣿⣿⢯⡨⡻⣻⣿⢿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⡧⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣷⣿⣿⢝⣿⣿⢿⣿⣻⣿⢿⡯⣛⢘⡴⠈⢀⠈⠘⠛⠚⠘⠃⠀⠀⡀⠀⠐⠊⠉⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠉⠁⠳⠵⢟⡛⣽⣵⣯⣷⣿⣺⢵⣿⢇⣛⣛⣳⣿⢿⣿⣿⣷⡏⣿⢿⣌⣛⢻⣾⠟⣗⣟⣲⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣫⣿⣵⣿⣾⣟⣿⣻⣿⣷⣮⠺⢛⣦⡀⢄⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠐⠀⢀⣐⠓⠂⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣘⣽⣺⡽⡗⣿⣳⣹⣾⢿⠨⣻⢿⣏⣻⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣰⣫⡻⢝⣧⣷⣯⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⠿⠛⠀⢰⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⢿⣾⡿⣗⣷⢿⣯⣗⣯⡆⣶⡖⣶⣺⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣗⢺⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⢕⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢀⡀⠠⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢽⣺⢯⣾⣭⣶⣸⢷⢻⣷⠸⡭⢽⣯⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⣴⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⢼⢺⣿⣗⣯⣽⣊⢿⣻⢽⣧⠛⡛⡼⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣵⣿⡷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠠⣟⣸⠯⣇⣯⣟⣾⣭⡾⣿⣽⣮⢩⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⢻⣽⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⢗⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⣻⣞⡼⣷⣾⡁⡾⣷⡀⠂⡆⣾⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣟⡾⢿⠿⣽⣻⠽⣕⣯⣿⣿⣿⣞⣲⣚⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣟⣻⢷⣷⣽⣿⣿ ⡞⡾⡁⠁⣿⣳⣯⣎⢿⣾⣕⡄⠄⠻⠃⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣜⢻⢭⣯⣾⣿⣾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣶⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣻⠿⣟⡣⣿⢧⣸⣬⣆⡫⠟⠻ ⡰⣰⣿⣧⣻⣧⢿⡼⢹⡿⣽⡇⠸⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣻⣷⢽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⡠⣺⣽⡧⣿⣿⣶ ⠃⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⣬⣿⢸⣹⣷⡁⠑⢦⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⢸⡆⠀⡢⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣧⢿⣽⣟⡻⣷⣿ ⣰⣿⡿⢫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣳⠃⠀⢨⠄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠈⠁⠀⢸⠀⠸⡇⢀⣖⡿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⢿⣿⢳⠈⡯⡿⣯⢿⣿⡿ ⠋⡱⣖⡸⢹⣿⣯⠇⢻⣏⢿⡇⢁⢈⡎⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⡇⢰⢽⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣻⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠙⢸⣾⡿⣿⢿⢽⣽⣴⡿⠈⣦⠓⣟⣿⠙⣸⣿ ⣾⣧⢻⣯⡐⣺⣿⠀⢯⣿⣼⡇⢆⠎⡆⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠹⣿⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣻⠯⣪⣽⣿⣿⣿⣍⡇⣽⢫⣶⣶⣤⣌⡈⠈⠻⢍ ⢿⣿⣧⣿⣯⣡⣽⣦⡘⣾⣿⡁⡼⡞⡼⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⢰⣯⣹⣿⣿⣟⣛⣉⣡⢠⡄⡶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢻⡺⣿⣽⡏⣧⣿⢰⣿⣿⠍⠥⡿⢿⣯⡉⣟⣿ ⠹⣿⣿⣝⣿⣟⠫⣿⣷⣮⣽⣧⠻⡵⡀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡅⠀⣰⢷⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡐⠻⣂⠀⣹⣿⢳⢿⡼⡼⢹⣏⡵⣔⢀⣿⢃⡦⢸⡏ ⡀⢻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣽⡐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠅⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⡄⠉⣀⣂⣀⣤⡴⠶⠶⠾⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠇⠀⣼⣿⣻⢿⠟⡛⡽⢿⡿⣯⣿⣽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡦⣖⣮⣻⣿⣸⡿⠇⡇⣿⡥⢻⡇⣴⣕⢶⣫⣿⢁ ⣝⢦⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢽⣿⣿⣧⡿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⡇⠀⠉⠁⠠⢴⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⢐⣿⣿⡾⣿⣅⡀⠰⣿⣷⣣⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠊⠿⣿⢿⡟⣿⡇⠰⣸⠇⡇⡟⣠⣿⣸⣿⣾⡇⣾ ⢕⢅⢟⣦⣿⣿⣿⡗⢳⣻⣿⡏⡇⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⡂⠀⠸⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⣔⢀⠀⣗⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣯⣷⣄⢺⣿⣿⣟⣞⣝⣵⡿⣿⣿⣿⣠⡎⣽⣿⣷⣇⡇⣰⣯⣘⣸⠴⠎⠂⢋⡈⢽⣱⣿ ⣟⢝⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠄⢄⠀⣒⠂⢙⠀⣀⣫⢿⣾⣿⡯⣿⠿⠙⣵⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣯⡯⢞⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⠃⣿⠻⠿⠿⡛⢯⣛⣻⣿⣦⣿⣯ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣤⣀⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠤⣼⣷⣴⡾⠿⣿⣝⣛⠁⠄⢀⣒⣲⣮⣭⣷⣶⣟⢽⢫⣚⠥⡶⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣾⣿⣵⡼⢟⡸⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡾⡇⣿⠸⣤⣀⠉⠙⠿⣿⡿⣞⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣉⡀⣑⠃⠄⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠠⠤⢤⣄⣐⣾⣯⣽⣷⣶⡟⠘⣠⢿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⠋⢡⣿⣹⣿⡿⣷⣯⣵⣮⠿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣱⣕⣾⣿⣳⣪⣿⡟⠇⣿⣿⣯⣵⣮⣛⣟⣟⣿⣓ ⢶⢟⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣦⣴⣤⣹⣷⣖⣶⣳⣶⣶⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⡙⣱⣿⡷⣟⠉⠶⢦⣿⢷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⡯⣟⡿⢶⣽⣮⣮⡿⣿⢽⣻⣟⢿⣿⣾⢿⣿⣽⣿⡷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⣤⡄⠐⣶⡀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⢀⣤⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⡄⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⣆⣶⣶⣶⣆⣶⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⠈⠈⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠁⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⠀⢠⣤⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣴⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣖⣲⣶⣶⣦⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡟⠋⠁⢙⡉⠀⢨⣿⣩⣿⣿⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣿⣉⣿⣿⣏⡉⣿⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣻⣧⣬⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢠⣤⣤⢠⣄⣠⣾⣿⣿⡟⢿⠛⠛⠟⠻⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠟⢿⡟⠛⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡯⠘⠉⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⢸⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⡶⠀⠀⠀⡇⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣤⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣿⢀⣄⣤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣀⣀⣀⣈⡉⣁⣀⣀⣀⣻⣟⣃⣀⣀⣴⣿⣏⣀⣠⣼⡏⠉⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⣿⠘⠛⡋⠙⣾⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣺⣿⠑⠒⠒⠆⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠺⠿⡯⠴⡿⣿⢻⣿⣯⣿⠧⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⢼⡭⣿⡿⠤⢴⣿⣧⠀⠀⢸⣻⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣴⣦⡄⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⢾⣿⡟⠐⣷⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⠟⣿⠀⠀⣸⣿⡗⠀⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⢹⠟⠉⠁⠀⣿⣿⢀⣏⣉⣉⣉⣏⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣿⣿⡻⠿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢸⣿⡂⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠘⠿⠯⠭⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣹⠀⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣦⣠⢼⣿⠿⠟⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠛⠛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣟⣻⣛⣟⣛⣿⡛⠛⢛⡛⠻⡿⠛⠛⠛⢻⢐⣿⣿⣟⣃⣀⡈⣿⠀⢸⢿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⢶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⡶⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠉⠁⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣾⡛⠛⠛⣾⠛⣿⣻⣻⣻⣿⢻⣿⣟⣛⡻⣟⣟⣛⡛⠻⠛⡛⠛⣲⣟⣛⠛⣿⣤⣼⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⣟⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡏⠠⠞⠾⠑⣿⣿⢸⠃⠀⢀⣨⢷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣰⢩⣸⣿⡿⣯⣽⣧⣯⣧⣽⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⠟⠀⣿⠀⣸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡤⣴⣶⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣽⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣾⣠⠞⠉⠀⠀⣿⣗⣵⣟⣛⣮⣺⣿⢅⠨⢲⣶⣞⣛⣷⡒⠉⡂⠀⠈⠑⢦⣿⣸⣿⣏⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡏⠀⠶⣿⡷⠐⣿⣿⢻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣻⣶⠮⢿⣿⣇⡹⡿⠿⠏⣿⠯⠾⢭⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣠⣠⡄⠸⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣻⠒⣶⢤⢾⡿⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠿⠿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣨⣽⣿⡛⢚⠒⠛⣚⣿⣒⢺⣿⣛⣛⣚⣋⣩⣽⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣧⣿⡙⠟⠙⠁⠀⠹⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣛⣿⡛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣾⠿⢿⣿⣒⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⡿⢿⠿⣿⣖⡀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣽⣼⡗⢾⡿⡿⠀⠀⠹⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠏⠀⠀⠸⠟⣿⣃⠀⣸⣷⡐⣿⣤⡀⣤⣛⣾⣿⢿⢏⣿⣭⡍⣿⣯⠧⢝⣿⡞⣿⢷⣻⣭⡽⣗⣞⡽⣀⢀⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⠛⠟⢉⣹⣿⡿⢿⣟⣿⣽⣻⢿⣏⡏⣰⣸⣽⢾⣟⡺⡅⣗⠆⣿⢿⣽⡌⣫⠳⡙⣞⣞⣽⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠧⢴⣾⣾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⢿⠟⠉⢀⣾⣷⣾⣏⣞⡲⢩⣟⡾⢳⡟⣻⡿⣰⣖⢀⡆⣏⡯⣻⠀⣯⢽⠛⢷⢻⡟⣿⣳⡿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣯⣿⣽⡟⠬⢡⡟⠼⠁⣾⠰⠿⠇⠭⡇⠐⣅⠖⢖⠸⠆⢙⡪⣥⠈⢧⢫⡌⢳⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠉⣩⡽⢋⡽⣫⣽⣿⡟⢀⣾⣿⠃⢨⠇⣼⣿⢑⣏⡅⡉⡧⣯⣭⢨⡇⠈⣥⢻⡄⠘⣶⣿⡆⠱⣿⣿⣹⣝⢫⡙⣯⡍⣗⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡤⡤⢸⣿⣴⣛⣱⣞⣀⣾⣙⣿⣃⣚⣁⣃⣀⣚⣐⣓⣛⣘⣐⣂⣂⣓⣚⣚⣀⣛⣀⣒⣀⣓⣀⣸⣂⣻⣀⣻⣿⣹⣝⣆⣛⣛⣳⣿⡇⠀⣠⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣛⣚⣃⣿⣿⢛⣿⠟⣻⡿⣻⡿⢛⣿⢻⡿⠛⣿⡟⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡟⠻⣿⠻⣿⠛⢻⣟⢻⣟⠛⢿⡟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣜⣛⣿⣃⣀⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⣀⢀⣿⣛⢛⡛⢛⢋⣸⣟⢁⣴⣟⣰⡟⣀⣾⣃⣾⣃⢠⣿⢡⣿⣾⣷⣟⣿⢠⣿⣿⣻⣿⣇⢸⡇⣀⢻⡆⣻⣇⣀⢻⣆⣻⣆⡈⣿⣌⣿⣟⣿⣝⣿⣝⢛⡛⣛⣛⣿⣀⣀⣽⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⡟⠀⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡿⠛⢻⣿⠛⣿⠛⠛⡿⠛⢻⠛⠛⣻⠛⢻⢛⡟⢻⠿⡟⠻⡟⡿⢻⢿⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⣟⠛⣿⠛⠛⢻⡛⠻⣟⣿⣿⣟⠛⣿⠻⣟⠻⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡆⢻⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣴⠋⠀⢠⡽⢉⡼⠃⠀⣬⠁⢠⡃⠀⢠⠏⠀⡚⢸⠃⣭⢐⡁⢐⡇⡭⢘⣐⡃⠀⣳⡾⣿⢻⡀⠹⡆⠀⠀⢳⡀⠹⣾⣿⡟⢦⠘⢣⡜⢦⡘⢣⡀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣷⠈⣷⣶⣶⣾⡷⠶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⠶⣶⣷⣶⣶⡶⢶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⢶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⠶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⠶⢾⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⡃⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣇⡴⠋⠀⡇⠀⣿⡃⠀⢿⣿⠀⣟⡁⢘⣻⡇⢸⣛⠀⢘⣻⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠨⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⢘⣿⠃⣿⡏⠀⢝⣿⠀⢹⣽⠀⢙⣿⠀⢸⣯⠀⢘⣿⡇⢹⣧⡈⢷⣸⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⢽⣿⠀⣟⡃⢀⣾⡇⢸⣛⠀⢐⣺⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⢘⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣋⠀⠺⣿⠀⢸⣛⠀⠸⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⠘⣿⡇⢸⣿⠆⠈⣿⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⡯⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⡿⠇⠀⣻⣿⠀⡧⠆⠀⢾⡇⢸⠶⠀⢈⣽⣿⠀⣿⣯⠀⠠⢾⣿⢸⣿⠆⠀⢩⣿⠀⣿⠆⠀⢩⣿⠀⢸⠶⠀⢨⣿⠀⢸⠗⠀⢨⣽⡇⢸⡷⠂⢨⣽⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣯⣇⣀⣀⡇⠀⣧⣀⣀⣺⣿⠀⣇⣀⣀⣿⡇⢸⣀⣀⣐⣻⣿⠀⣿⣷⣀⣀⣸⣿⢸⣿⣀⣀⣘⣿⠀⢿⣀⣀⣺⣿⠀⢸⣀⣀⣰⣿⠀⢸⣄⣀⣰⣿⠇⢸⣇⣤⣴⣿⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣾⡟⠛⠛⡇⠀⡞⠛⠛⣻⣷⠀⡞⠛⠛⣿⡆⢰⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠛⠛⢻⣿⢸⣿⠛⠛⢻⣷⠀⣾⠛⠛⢻⣷⠀⢰⠛⠛⢻⣷⠀⢰⠛⠛⢻⣿⡆⢰⡏⠛⠻⣿⡆⢸⢸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣷⠀⡇⠀⠀⣛⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⡄⠀⢘⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡃⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⢘⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⣹⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⢨⣿⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣿⡀⡷⠇⠀⠀⡿⠀⣷⠀⠀⢼⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣮⡇⢸⠃⠀⠠⢾⣿⠀⣿⡿⠄⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⠰⣿⠀⢾⠀⠀⠰⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠰⢾⠀⢸⡇⠀⠰⢾⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⢾⡇⣼⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⡳⣝⣤⣀⡴⠃⠀⠻⢤⣀⣴⠏⠀⠳⣄⣀⡼⠃⠈⢧⣀⣠⣾⠏⠀⢻⡧⣄⣠⡾⢿⡆⠙⢧⣄⣤⠟⠀⠘⢤⣀⣠⠟⠀⠘⢦⣀⣠⠟⠀⠈⠧⣄⣠⠾⠁⠀⠳⣄⣠⣼⢿⣽⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⠤⢴⣿⣤⣤⣬⣿⣤⠀⢀⣼⣧⣤⣤⣝⣷⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣖⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠾⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⡞⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⢽⣿⠀⠀⢸⣻⠀⠘⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⡿⠄⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣰⢏⡾⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⡷⠤⢤⠤⠴⠤⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣌⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⣽⣿⠀⠀⢰⣾⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⢘⡇⠀⠀⡴⢣⡟⠀⢀⣰⣷⣷⣤⣴⢠⡟⣽⣿⣷⣴⣾⣧⣴⣦⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣎⠻⣄⡀⠀⠀⢇⡀⢀⣸⠿⣄⠀⣀⡼⠀⠈⢧⡀⠀⣠⠟⢇⡀⣀⣸⠇⣠⠞⣡⡟⠀⠀⢸⣷⣾⣀⣁⣦⣈⢰⣿⣰⣶⣆⣠⣭⣸⣇⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⢦⣍⣉⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣙⣉⣥⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠙⠉⠻⠟⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠉⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢛⣽⢩⣭⣍⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⢀⣤⠶⢀⣀⠀⣠⣄⣀⠀⠀⢀⣴⢆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⢿⡿⠿⠾⢿⣿⠟⠛⠙⠙⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⠶⠤⠤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2088 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 29/11/2023: VMware Layoffs and Too Many Microsofters Going Inside Google⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 29, 2023 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Leftovers o Science o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Patents # Software_Patents # Trademarks * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Technology_and_Free_Software * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Having_a_move_named_after_you:_The_Godwin!⠀⇛ Via Gymastics_New_South_Wales: Georgia Godwin has made history! A new skill has been named after the women’s artistic gymnast and introduced into the Code of Points by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). The Godwin is performed on Uneven Bars and is defined by a clear hip circle forward to handstand with 1/1 turn (360°) in handstand phase (Weiler kip). The skill has been allocated an ‘E’ difficulty. o ⚓ Ali Reza Hayati ☛ Numa_Numa⠀⇛ In December 2004, 19-year-old Gary Brolsma uploaded a webcam video titled “Numa Numa,” featuring himself lip- syncing to the Romanian song “Dragostea Din Tei” by O- Zone. Hosted initially on Newgrounds.com, Brolsma created the video after watching a cartoon about Japanese cats. o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ That_cool_indie_project?_It’s_no_more!⠀⇛ I’m no Superman ♫, in the words of Lazlo Bane. But I do have three unique, superhuman abilities I like to think are quite special: I can write lists of nonsense that some seem to take far too seriously. People always stack_it whenever I watch them on a scooter or skateboard. I bet I could even make Tony Hawk fall off just by watching him. Indie hardware projects always wrap up and disappear as soon as I find them. o ⚓ Adrian_Gaudebert:_The_ruins_of_Dawnmaker's_lost_continent⠀⇛ Today we are releasing a new version of Dawnmaker, with two big changes. The first one is the 2D board, which I talked about in my previous_blog_post. The second one is a new feature called "Ruins and Rewards". That feature… adds ruins and… changes rewards. Yeah. Pretty good name, right? As with everything we do in this game, there is a good reason. So let's start with why we're changing things: feedback from our players! (But also feedback from a publisher, and observations from watching people play, but hey, ultimately it's players giving feedback directly or indirectly.) o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Forgotten_Giant_of_Yiddish_Fiction⠀⇛ Though his younger brother Isaac Bashevis Singer eventually eclipsed him, Israel Joshua Singer excelled at showing characters buffeted by the tides of history. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Mars_Needs_Insects⠀⇛ If humans are ever going to live on the red planet, they’re going to have to bring bugs with them. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Could_Longevity_Drugs_for_Dogs_Extend_Your Pet’s_Life?⠀⇛ Longevity drugs for our canine companions are moving closer to reality. They also raise questions about what it might mean to succeed. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Electricity_Seen_Flowing_Like_Liquid_in Strange_Metals⠀⇛ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Wild_New_Study_Suggests_We_Could_Use_Tiny Black_Holes_as_Sources_of_Nuclear_Power⠀⇛ This will end well. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Is_Earth's_Magnetic_Field_on_The_Verge_of Flipping_Over?_An_Expert_Explains.⠀⇛ It's happened before. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China_hits_back_at_West’s_de-risking strategy_at_supply_chain_expo⠀⇛ Mr Li Qiang said China will continue to create an international and rule of law-based business environment. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Vietnam,_Japan_upgrade_relations_to_highest_level⠀⇛ The move comes as Asian nations seek to strengthen and de-risk supply chains that have relied heavily on China. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Progress_in_China’s_aircraft_carrier_building⠀⇛ Military bloggers share images of China’s third aircraft carrier undergoing important catapult testing. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ California_dispatch:_US-China_relationship dominated_APEC_summit_beset_by_multiple_diplomatic,_policy challenges⠀⇛ Joshua Villanueva is a JURIST Assistant Editor and a 2L at UC Law San Francisco (formerly UC Hastings), He files this dispatch from San Francisco.  The recently-concluded Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders’ summit, originally designed to address economic challenges in the Asia-Pacific region, found itself overshadowed by the unfolding drama of the US-China relationship. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Single-piece_Tank_Chassis_Goes_Robotic⠀⇛ [EXTREME3DPRINT] has a new version of their print- in-place tank chassis: the PiPBOT now accepts drop- in motors (in the form of 360° rotation servos), RC receiver, and battery pack to make a functional RC tank platform in no time flat. The design is entirely 3D printed with no supports needed. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_Tube_Guitar_Amp_For_A_Modest_Budget⠀⇛ There’s a mystique among both audiophiles and musicians about vacuum technology, thus having a tube amp still carries a bit of a cachet. New ones can be bought for eye-watering prices and old ones can be had for the same price with the added frisson of unreliability. Happily it’s surprisingly straightforward to build your own, as [_electroidiot] shows us with a fairly inexpensive build. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Tektronix’s_Ceramic_CRT_Production_And_The Building_13_Catacombs⠀⇛ As a manufacturer of test equipment and more, Tektronix has long had a need for custom form factors with its CRT displays. They initially went with fully glass CRTs as this was what the booming television industry was also using, but as demand for the glass component of CRTs increased, so did the delays in getting these custom glass components made. This is where Tektronix decided to use its existing expertise with ceramic strips during the pre-PCB era to create ceramic funnels for ceramic CRTs, as described in this 1967 video. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Here's_What_Parents_of_Teens_Can_Do_to_Curb Rising_Drug_Deaths_in_The_US⠀⇛ There aren't always warning signs. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ CAR_T_Cell_Immunotherapy_And_The_Quiet_Hope_For A_Universal_Cancer_Treatment⠀⇛ All of us have to deal with the looming threat of developing cancer during our lifetime, no matter how good our genetics are, or how healthy our lifestyle is. Despite major improvements to the way that we treat and even cure cases of cancer, the reality today is that not all types of cancer are treatable, in many cases there’s the likelihood that one day it will return even after full remission, and chemotherapy in particular comes with potential life-long health issues. Of the most promising new and upcoming treatments, immunotherapy, is decidedly among the most promising. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ 12-Year_Study_Reveals_How_The_Mediterranean Diet_Might_Affect_Your_Brain⠀⇛ It’s a powerful association. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ ADHD's_Genetic_Mystery_Unraveled:_Single Variations_May_Explain_Half_of_Inheritance⠀⇛ How can such a small change affect so much? # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ What_Your_Baby_Hears_Before_They're_Born Really_Can_Shape_Their_Brain⠀⇛ Somebody has been listening to you. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Egypt_Wiped_Out_Hepatitis_C._Now_It_Is Trying_to_Help_the_Rest_of_Africa.⠀⇛ Effective drugs that have made the disease curable have yet to reach most of the region. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_Campaign_Aims_to_Weaponize_Trump’s Threat_to_Obamacare⠀⇛ The president’s aides quickly jumped on a statement by Donald Trump that he was “seriously looking at alternatives” to the health law. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Doctors_warn_of_New_Zealand_health tragedy_after_smoking_ban_scrapped⠀⇛ Experts are baffled at the incoming government’s change of heart. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ African_Public_Health_Conference_Opens_in Zambia⠀⇛ Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema stressed the importance of collaboration and leadership at all levels of the health system in Africa. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Hospice_care_at_home_might_start_on_January_1_in Latvia⠀⇛ Palliative care services at the patient's home are still not in place. Home care options for dying patients across the country had to be provided as early as October 1, but the introduction of services is delayed and is now scheduled to be provided from January 1, Latvian Radio reported Monday. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_eating_habits_examined⠀⇛ What do Latvians eat, and why is their health in such an apparently poor state? Latvian Television's show 'Forbidden Method' (Aizliegtais Paņēmiens, AP) asked these ambitious questions in its November 27 broadcast. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Study:_Air_purifier_use_at_daycare_centres_cut_kids' sick_days_by_a_third⠀⇛ The results of the study at two Helsinki daycare centres are still preliminary but promising, a researcher says. o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ TechTarget ☛ VMware_layoffs_a_familiar_Broadcom_story⠀⇛ Broadcom has started laying off VMware employees this week, a move that reminds some of how it proceeded when it acquired CA Technologies in 2018. # ⚓ Windows Central ☛ Microsoft_is_among_the_top_tech_giants attracting_employees_from_other_competitor_firms,_according to_a_broad_study [Ed: This explains Google becoming very, very vicious and evil]⠀⇛ In these unprecedented and tough economic times, we've seen big tech firms like Microsoft and Meta take major hits over the past few months. This has directly contributed to massive layoffs. At the beginning of this year, Microsoft CEO, Satya Nadella confirmed that the company will cut 10,000 jobs by the end of FY23 Q3. While the tough times continue to persist, a new study by Switch On Business sought to understand which tech giants attract the most talent from competitors with a microscope on Google (Alphabet), Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, IBM, Tesla, Oracle, Netflix, Nvidia, Salesforce, Adobe, Intel and Uber. Headhunting isn't a new phenomenon in the tech world. In fact, per Switch On Business' study, Meta and Google have the highest percentage of employees that have worked for other tech giants before joining them. Microsoft comes in at sixth place with 13.86%. # ⚓ Another_publication_accused_of_serving_up_AI-generated_crap [Ed: It's chatbot/LLM, not "AI"]⠀⇛ Futurism has been digging hard into AI-generated “journalism,” and its latest target is Sports Illustrated. Actual human journalists at Futurism found Drew Ortiz, a product reviewer on SI’s website, had no other internet presence and that his profile pic came from a website offering AI-generated headshots. Anonymous sources told Futurism that Drew was one of several phony authors and that the content, poorly written and full of formatting errors, was AI-generated. SI parent company The Arena Group said the content came from a third-party company, AdVon Commerce, which assured them it was human-produced — though some authors used pen names. Arena has since removed all AdVon content and stopped working with the company. Hmm! # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Warnings_Emerge_Over_Emirati_Hey_Hi_(AI) Firm_G42’s_Ties_to_China⠀⇛ American spy agencies have warned about the Emirati firm G42 and its work with large Chinese companies that U.S. officials consider security threats. o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_More_Than_Doubles_Spending_On Surveillance⠀⇛ Russia's capital will more than double its spending on video-surveillance equipment next year, the budget approved by the Moscow City Duma shows. # ⚓ NYOB ☛ noyb_files_GDPR_complaint_against_Meta_over “Pay_or_Okay”⠀⇛ noyb files GDPR complaint against Meta over “Pay or Okay” Meta charges up to €251.88 to respect the fundamental right to privacy of EU users. This is a violation of the GDPR # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Secret_White_House_Warrantless Surveillance_Program⠀⇛ There seems to be no end to warrantless surveillance: According to the letter, a surveillance program now known as Data Analytical Services (DAS) has for more than a decade allowed federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies to mine the details of Americans’ calls, analyzing the phone records of countless people who are not suspected of any crime, including victims. Using a technique known as chain analysis, the program targets not only those in direct phone contact with a criminal suspect but anyone with whom those individuals have been in contact as well... # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Facial_Recognition_Tech_Is_Encouraging Cops_To_Ignore_The_Best_Suspects_In_Favor_Of_The *Easiest*_Suspects⠀⇛ Facial recognition tech has slowly gone mainstream over the past half-decade. Not just in acceptance, but also in opposition. Kashmir Hill exposed perhaps the worst purveyor of this tech — Clearview — with a series of articles exposing the company’s tactics as well as its far right backers. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ SOHR:_Turkish_airstrikes_on_Rojava_limit electricity_access_for_over_2_million_people⠀⇛ Turkey carried out airstikes targeting Kurdish- controlled areas in Syria’s north in response to a PKK bomb attack in Ankara. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Man_held_over_$1.4m_bounty_to assassinate_Malaysia’s_PM_Anwar_and_Cabinet⠀⇛ A 34-year-old man has been detained for threatening Malaysia’s Prime Minister via social control media. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Taiwan_indicted_10_military_personnel suspected_of_spying_for_China⠀⇛ Three of those indicted were said to have built a spy ring for China that recruited military personnel to collect state secrets. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Sweden_prepared_to_help_with_Finland's_border_issues, PM_Kristersson_says⠀⇛ The Swedish premier noted that Finland's eastern border is a matter that affects the entire European Union. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Prosecutors_to_consider_suspected_human_trafficking of_Thai_berry_pickers⠀⇛ Investigators believe there are at least 170 suspected victims in the case, and could be as many as 2,000. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Afghanistan_arrests_four_local_employees_of Germany_government_aid_agency⠀⇛ The German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development confirmed to German public broadcaster Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) last week that four local Afghan employees of the German government aid organization Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) office in Afghanistan have been arrested by the Taliban-backed Afghan government. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China's_Pooh-tin_urges_stronger_rule_of law_overseas_amid_'external_risks'⠀⇛ President Pooh-tin Jinping has called for stronger rule of law related to foreign affairs given "external risks and challenges" as China opens up to the outside world, state media reported on Tuesday. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ 3_Chinese_navy_ships_arrive_in Myanmar_for_joint_drills_as_rebel_groups’_advance_strains ties⠀⇛ Yangon, Myanmar Three Chinese navy ships have arrived in Myanmar for joint drills with its navy, the country’s junta said, as a border conflict strains ties between the Southeast Asian nation and its most important ally. A destroyer, frigate and a supply vessel carrying hundreds of sailors arrived at Thilawa port on Monday ahead of “naval […] # ⚓ Reason ☛ Want_Freedom_to_Criticize_China,_Palestine, Mexico,_etc.?_Protect_Criticism_of_Israel⠀⇛ After the Oct. 7 murders, the first attempts to punish speakers focused on those who defended Hamas's murders. But, unsurprisingly, things have turned to trying to suppress criticism of Israel more broadly, including criticism of Israel's attacks on Gaza. (The slippery slope is a real phenomenon, in a culture where people reason by precedent and… # ⚓ France24 ☛ Myanmar_rebels_claim_new_ground_in_north_as Chinese_troops_hold_border_exercises⠀⇛ Ethnic minority rebels fighting Myanmar's military junta said they had seized a key trading post on the northern frontier, across the border from where China's military was conducting exercises to improve combat readiness and emergency response. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ An_Oratorio_About_Shanghai’s_Jews_Opens_in China_at_a_Difficult_Time⠀⇛ “Émigré,” about Jews who fled Nazi Germany, debuts amid U.S.-China tensions and cultural rifts over the Israel-Hamas war. It comes to New York in February. # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Prisoners_commence_hunger_strike_demanding freedom_for_PKK_leader⠀⇛ The declaration of the strike coincides with the anniversary of the PKK's founding. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Hamas_gives_10-month-old_Israeli_hostage_to separate_Palestinian_terror_group:_‘More_psychological torture’⠀⇛ “We are experiencing moments of great uncertainty. The realization that we will not get the hug we wished for leaves us speechless.” # ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ The_Life_and_Public_Assassination_of President_John_F._Kennedy_by_the_CIA⠀⇛ What is the truth, and where did it go? # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trial_Starts_in_France_for_Teenagers Accused_of_Helping_Teacher’s_Killer⠀⇛ The teacher, Samuel Paty, was beheaded by an Islamist extremist in 2020 after showing caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad to illustrate free speech. The case horrified the nation. # ⚓ RFA ☛ N_Korea_claims_new_satellite_took_photos_of_White House,_Pentagon⠀⇛ But the claim is still under question due to a lack of supporting evidence. # ⚓ France24 ☛ North_Korea_defends_satellite_launch_at_UN_as Kim_studies_images_of_White_House⠀⇛ North Korea's ambassador made a rare appearance at the UN Security Council on Monday to defend his country's launch of a spy satellite, as leader Kim Jong Un studied images including of the White House and Pentagon. # ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Southern_African_troops_versus_M23_rebels_in the_DRC:_four_risks_this_poses⠀⇛ The security situation in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) continues to deteriorate. The region comprises North Kivu, South Kivu and Ituri provinces. It’s about seven times the size of neighbouring Rwanda. The violence in North Kivu has drawn most of the attention of the DRC’s neighbours and the international community. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Korea's_Kim_received_photos_taken by_spy_satellite_of_White_House,_Pentagon:_KCNA⠀⇛ North Korean leader Kim Jong Un received photos of the White House, Pentagon and U.S. aircraft carriers in the naval base of Norfolk, taken by its recently launched spy satellite, state media KCNA said on Tuesday. # ⚓ France24 ☛ North_Gaza_residents_flee_south,_setting_up_camp in_schools_and_hospitals⠀⇛ A UN camp with no water for days, makeshift shelters in schools, and hospitals that are already overwhelmed... These are the conditions that residents from the northern part of the Gaza Strip find when they arrive in the south after fleeing the Israeli bombardment. The FRANCE 24 Observers team has been following two families who fled the north to seek refuge in the south. They've set up camp at schools and hospitals, where supplies are severely lacking. # ⚓ Reason ☛ USC_Professor_Put_on_Remote_Teaching_After_Saying Hamas_Should_Be_Killed⠀⇛ The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE) (Jessie Appleby) wrote about this last week (as did the Academic Freedom Alliance): The University of Southern California has barred economics professor John Strauss from teaching on campus for the rest of the semester in response to anti-Hamas remarks he made to pro-Palestinian protesters last week. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Korea_cites_rare_dissent_in elections_even_as_99%_back_candidates⠀⇛ This latest election is the first since North Korea revised its election law to allow multiple candidates. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finland,_USA_edge_closer_to_landmark_defence agreement⠀⇛ The final acceptance of the Defence Cooperation Agreement (DCA) requires a vote in the Finnish parliament. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ DoD’s_Replicator_program_must_be repeatable_to_be_successful⠀⇛ While the Defense Department’s Replicator program will be successful if it is able to get 2,000 drones within two years, speakers at Georgetown University’s Center for Security and Emerging Technology said that the program will be more successful if this is not a one-time thing. DoD must replicate this initiative in the future whether it is with new drones or another technology to help move beyond the valley of death. # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ What_‘winning’_an_election_means_in Putin’s_Russia⠀⇛ As expected, Russian President Vladimir Putin has unofficially begun his campaign for re- election ahead of the presidential election scheduled for 17 March 2024. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Iran_finalises_deal_to_buy Russian_fighter_jets_-_Tasnim⠀⇛ Iran has finalised arrangements for the delivery of Russian made Sukhoi su-35 fighter jets and helicopters, Iran's deputy defence minister told Iran's Tasnim news agency on Tuesday, as Tehran and Moscow forge closer military relations. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Putin_Signs_Russia's_National_Budget_For_Next Three_Years,_Bolstering_Military_Spending⠀⇛ Russian President Vladimir Putin on November 27 signed a national budget for the next three years that increases spending by around 25 percent. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Finland_Expects_More_Asylum_Seekers_To_Arrive From_Russia,_PM_Says⠀⇛ Finland expects more asylum seekers to arrive at its border via Russia and plans to take further measures to stem the flow after closing all but one entry point. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Kadyrov_Critic_Flees_Kyrgyzstan_To_Avoid Deportation_To_Russia⠀⇛ Russian citizen Mansur Movlayev, an outspoken critic of Ramzan Kadyrov -- the authoritarian ruler of Russia's North Caucasus region of Chechnya -- has left Kyrgyzstan before a court order to deport him to Russia was implemented. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Russian,_Ukrainian_media_report_Finnish Interior_Minister's_Putin_asylum_comments⠀⇛ Minister Mari Rantanen of the Finns Party stated on Yle TV last week that Russian President Vladimir Putin could seek asylum in Finland under the current regulations. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_signs_law_suspending_indexation_of salaries_for_all_government_employees_except_military and_security_forces_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Putin_Signs_Russia's_National_Budget_For_Next Three_Years,_Bolstering_Military_Spending⠀⇛ Russian President Vladimir Putin on November 27 signed a national budget for the next three years that increases spending by around 25 percent. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Russian,_Ukrainian_media_report_Finnish Interior_Minister's_Putin_asylum_comments⠀⇛ Minister Mari Rantanen of the Finns Party stated on Yle TV last week that Russian President Vladimir Putin could seek asylum in Finland under the current regulations. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_signs_law_suspending_indexation_of salaries_for_all_government_employees_except_military and_security_forces_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ European Commission ☛ EU_and_Ukraine_outline_plans for_sustainable_reconstruction_in_a_high-level conference⠀⇛ European Commission Press release Brussels, 27 Nov 2023 From tomorrow to 1 December the Commission is hosting a high-level conference in Vilnius, Lithuania on the green recovery in Ukraine # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ Intercepted_calls_from_the_front lines_in_Ukraine_show_a_growing_number_of_Russian soldiers_want_out⠀⇛ In audio intercepts from the front lines in Ukraine, Russian soldiers speak in shorthand of 200s to mean dead, 300s to mean wounded. The urge to flee has become common enough that they also talk of 500s — people who refuse to fight. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Russian_college_students_asked_to_donate vapes_so_parts_can_be_used_to_make_drones_to_attack Ukraine:_report⠀⇛ Russian students are touting the slogan "1 e- cigarette= 1 drone attack on the enemy!" while collecting vapes to donate to the country's military in its war against Ukraine. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Spillover_from_wars_in_the_Middle East_and_Ukraine_may_spread_to_the_Western_Balkans, warns_Albanian_prime_minister⠀⇛ Western Balkans countries must “work day and night to keep the conflict out of the borders of our region,” Prime Minister Edi Rama said at the Atlantic Council. # ⚓ France24 ☛ More_than_a_dozen_dead_as_storm_sweeps through_Russia,_Ukraine_and_Moldova⠀⇛ Hurricane force winds, snowfall and flooding that swept parts of southern Russia, Ukraine and Moldova left at least 18 people dead Monday and almost 2 million without power, authorities said. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Deadly_storm_cuts_power_to_nearly_2 million_people_in_Russia,_Ukraine⠀⇛ Almost two million people in Russia and occupied Ukraine were left without power on Monday, after hurricane force winds and heavy rains cut electricity lines and caused widespread flooding. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Multiple_Weather-Related_Deaths_Reported_In Black_Sea_Region_After_Massive_Winter_Storm⠀⇛ At least 13 people were killed and dozens injured in Ukraine, Moldova, and Russia due to a winter storm that wreaked havoc in areas of Southeastern Europe and along the Black Sea coast, toppling trees and pulling down power lines, leaving hundreds of thousands of people without electricity. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Inclement_weather_in_Ukraine_leaves_at_least ten_dead_and_23_injured_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Storm_Batters_Southern_Ukraine, Spreading_Misery_for_Civilians_and_Soldiers⠀⇛ Violent waves stirred by hurricane-force winds threatened to tear maritime mines from their moorings in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Frightful_weather_on_both_sides_of_the border_Winter_storm_pounds_Ukraine_and_Russia_with heavy_snow,_wind,_and_rain_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ France24 ☛ IAEA_chief_Rafael_Grossi_speaks_to_FRANCE 24_about_global_nuclear_threats⠀⇛ "Iran does not have nuclear weapons, but it has certain nuclear capabilities that are a source of concern," International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) chief Rafael Grossi tells FRANCE 24 in a wide-ranging interview also touching on nuclear threats in Ukraine and North Korea. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania_to_provide_€2m_in_aid_for_exporting grain_from_Ukraine⠀⇛ Lithuania this year will contribute 2 million euros to the global humanitarian initiative Grain from Ukraine, the government’s press service has said. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Strikes_Kryviy_Rih,_Nikopol_With Missiles,_Artillery,_Ukraine_Says⠀⇛ Russian forces launched a missile strike at the city of Kryviy Rih in the eastern region of Donetsk overnight, Yevhen Sytnychenko, the head of the city's military administration, said. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania_needed_decision_on_universal_draft back_in_2022_–_presidential_aide⠀⇛ Lithuania should have made the decision to introduce universal military conscription last year, Kęstutis Budrys, President Gitanas Nausėda’s chief national security advisor, said on Monday, adding that it is too late to discuss it now. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Five_Ukrainian_Emergency_Officials_Indicted In_Case_Of_Helicopter_Crash_That_Killed_Interior Minister⠀⇛ Ukrainian investigators have charged five emergency officials with violating aviation safety regulations that led to the helicopter crash that killed Interior Minister Denys Monastyrskiy and 13 other people in January. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Says_There_Will_Be_No_Lavrov-Blinken Talks_At_OSCE_Meeting_This_Week⠀⇛ There will be no meeting between U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov at a conference in North Macedonia this week, Russian news agency TASS reported on November 27, citing a comment by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia's_Lavrov_Says_Some_In_The_West Requested_Meetings_At_OSCE_Council⠀⇛ Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said he would take part in a meeting of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in North Macedonia if Bulgaria opened its air space to the Russian delegation # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Russia_Has_No_Expansionist_Plans_in_Europe: Lavrov⠀⇛ On Sunday, Russian air defense forces downed nine Ukrainian drones attempting to attack Moscow, Tula, Kaluga, and Bryansk. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ After_9_Years_in_Limbo,_Treasures From_Crimea_Return_to_Ukraine⠀⇛ The artifacts were on loan to a Dutch museum when Russia invaded in 2014. Ukraine argued that they must be kept out of the aggressor’s hands. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Scythian_Gold_Of_Crimea_Returns_To_Ukraine From_The_Netherlands_After_Court_Decision⠀⇛ A collection of gold artifacts from Crimea, known as the Scythian Gold, which was on loan to a Dutch museum when Russia seized Ukraine's peninsula in 2014, was returned to Ukraine after Dutch courts decided that the collection cannot be returned to Moscow- annexed Crimea. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Lola_Kirke_Walks_the_Line⠀⇛ In the back room of an East Village Ukrainian joint, the musician and “Gone Girl” star engages in a boot scoot to her new song “He Says Y’all.” # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_company_imported_370_million_rubles worth_of_Ukrainian_aircraft_parts_since_January_2022, new_investigation_finds_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Wife_of_Ukrainian_military_intelligence chief_reportedly_hospitalized_with_poisoning_symptoms_— Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Former_Russian_state_news_employee_who_was illegally_held_in_basement_for_suspected_desertion makes_contact_with_wife_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Siliņa:_'The_ruling_regime_of_Belarus_does not_represent_the_people_of_Belarus'⠀⇛ Latvia will continue to support the democratic aspirations of the people of Belarus and the opposition, and also strongly condemns the repressions against the people of Belarus by the regime of Alexander Lukashenko, Latvian Prime Minister Evika Siliņa emphasized during a meeting in Rīga on November 27 with President-elect and leader of the Belarusian democratic opposition, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Belarusian_KGB_activity_in_Lithuania_at ‘historical_high’_–_intelligence⠀⇛ Lithuania is currently observing an unprecedented level of activity from Belarusian KGB, Darius Jauniškis, head of the State Security Department (VSD), has said. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Families_of_Russian_draftees_release manifesto_and_petition_against_‘indefinite mobilization’_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ U.K._Defense_Ministry:_Russian_military casualties_in_last_six_weeks_likely_among_war’s_highest —_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Trial_Starts_For_Belarusian_Activist_Arrested Upon_Her_Return_From_Poland⠀⇛ Alyaksandra Kasko, a 30-year-old Belarusian rights activist who was arrested in early February right after she returned from Poland, went on trial in the western city of Hrodna on November 27 # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia’s_Internal_Affairs_Ministry_proposes ‘controlled_stay’_register_for_foreigners_in_country illegally_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Moscow_Court_Hands_Prison_Terms_To_Two Journalists_On_Extortion_Charge⠀⇛ A Moscow court on November 27 sentenced journalist Aleksandra Bayazitova, a former reporter of Izvestiya and Kommersant newspapers, and media manager Olga Arkharova to five years and 4 1/2 years in prison, respectively, on a charge of extortion. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukraine’s_Air_Force_says_responsible_for downing_of_military_aircraft_in_Russia’s_Bryansk_region last_May_—_Meduza⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ 6.5-magnitude_quake_strikes_north_of Papua_New_Guinea⠀⇛ There is “no tsunami threat”, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre said. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hot_nights,_extreme_rainfall_in_Hong Kong_to_increase_significantly_by_2040s,_scholars_say⠀⇛ A team of scholars from several of the city’s top universities have forecast that extreme weather events in Hong Kong will increase significantly by the 2040s, with the number of hot nights rising by 50 per cent and extreme rainfall by 40 per cent. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Etla:_Finland_unlikely_to_meet_carbon_neutrality target⠀⇛ The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy predicts that, at the current rate, Finland will not meet its target of being carbon neutral by 2035. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ Binance’s_Noah_Perlman:_Ties_to_FTX,_Epstein_and Gemini_Earn⠀⇛ After Binance’s settlement with the DOJ and the removal of its longtime leader Changpeng Zhao, one of the most important figures at Binance – Chief Compliance Officer Noah Perlman – is poised to have an outsized role over the activities of and data held by the world’s largest crypto exchange. # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Recumbent_trike_on_the_Munda_Biddi Trail⠀⇛ The Munda Biddi Trail is for bicycles. It very roughly follows parallel to the Bibbulmun Track, which is for walkers. The Munda Biddi Trail is 1067km, extending from Mundaring (just outside Perth) down to Albany on the Western Australian South West coast: I aways thought that it would be unsuitable for a recumbent trike, as it is really designed for mountain bikes. The trail varies from fire-roads, to narrow rocky tracks, to sand tracks, and in places very steep. Yes, even the official website says recumbents are not suitable: [...] # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ ‘Do_not_open_plane_doors’_warning in_South_Korea_mandated_for_planes_in_flight [Ed: This won't help when dumb or malicious people board the plane]⠀⇛ A pre-announcement about the revision is set to take place by Dec 14. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_48_Volt_Battery_Pack_With_Carefully Balanced_Cells⠀⇛ Many readers will have at some time or another built their own lithium-ion battery packs, whether they are using tiny cells or the huge ones found in automotive packs. A popular choice it to salvage ubiquitous 18650 cylindrical cells, as [limpkin] has with this 48 volt pack. It’s based around an off-the- shelf kit aimed at the e-bike market, but it’s much more than a simple assembly job. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Mayor_Of_Kyrgyz_Town,_Son_Detained_On Corruption_Charges_Over_Quartz_Mine⠀⇛ The Kyrgyz State Committee of National Security (UKMK) said on November 27 that its officers had detained Erkin Toigonbaev, the mayor of the southern town of Toktogul, and two other men including his son on suspicion of illegally obtaining a quartz mine near the town. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea’s_dog_meat_supporters threaten_to_let_2_million_dogs_out_near_presidential office⠀⇛ They vowed to protest against the government’s move to ban dog meat consumption. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Latvia ☛ EIB_and_Luminor_sign_smaller_company_finance agreement⠀⇛ The European Investment Bank (EIB) and Luminor Bank AS said November 27 they have signed a €115 million agreement to facilitate additional lending to small to medium sized companies and mid-caps in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Number_of_ATMs_in_Latvia_set_to_shrink_next_year⠀⇛ A steady reduction in the number of Automated Telling Machines (ATMs, bankomāti or 'cash machines') looks set to continue in 2024. # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ New_president_of_Argentina_plans_to_shut_down central_bank,_imagine_closing_the_RBZ,_could_that_work?⠀⇛ Utter the name ‘RBZ’ in front of most adult Zimbabweans and you’ll hear a ‘tsk tsk’ in return. For all the good that the Zimbabwean central bank has ever done, its failures are just so large as to eclipse it all. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Nikki_Haley_Is_Coming_for_Your Retirement⠀⇛ Wall Street’s new favorite is far from a populist. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Growing_inflow_of_migrant_workers_poses_threat_to Lithuania’s_security_–_minister⠀⇛ The growing inflow of foreigners coming to Lithuania for work is a threat to Lithuania’s security, Interior Minister Agnė Bilotaitė has said. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ Paris_mayor_quits_X,_calling_social_control media_platform_a_'vast_global_sewer'⠀⇛ Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo said on Monday she was quitting Elon Musk's social control media platform X, formerly known as Twitter, which she described as a "global sewer" and a tool to disrupt democracy. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Amid_antisemitism_allegations,_Elon_Musk visits_Israel⠀⇛ The oft-fractious and always headline-grabbing billionaire Elon Musk was seen in Israel alongside Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu today, the two touring a site of a Hamas attack. The visit comes at a time when Musk (pictured) is taking flak for what’s been perceived as his antisemitism. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Radical_Left⠀⇛ # ⚓ Reason ☛ Arkansas_AG's_Opinion_on_Government_Entities' Moderation_of_their_Social_Media_Comments⠀⇛ From Arkansas AG opinion 2023-034, issued two weeks ago: [T]he content-moderation policies for the Arkansas Department of Transportation's "official social control media account(s) (such as Twitter, IDRIVE, Arkansas Instagram, Facebook, etc.)" [...] # ⚓ JURIST ☛ NYT_and_WSJ:_unredacted_lawsuit_alleges_Meta purposely_designed_social_control_media_platforms_to_attract children⠀⇛ The New York Times (NYT) and The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) revealed previously redacted details Saturday of a US multi-state lawsuit against Facebook (Farcebook) parent company Meta, alleging that Meta purposefully designed its social control media platforms to be attractive to children and collected children’s personal data despite the company’s guidelines barring young children from joining [...] o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Reason ☛ Journal_of_Free_Speech_Law:_"'Dangerous_to_the Liberties_of_a_Free_People':_Secret_Societies_and_the_Right to_Assemble,"_by_Nathan_Ristuccia⠀⇛ This just-published article is here; the Abstract: Americans in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries often feared that secret assembly threatened republican government. Oath-bound secret societies were allegedly elitist cabals that would establish an imperium in imperio oppressive to ordinary citizens. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ When_Your_Own_Book_Gets_Caught_Up_in_the Censorship_Wars⠀⇛ I had envisioned book bans as modern morality plays—but the reality was far more complicated. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Former_prisoner_of_conscience_Nguyen_Viet_Dung_flees Vietnam_for_Thailand⠀⇛ ‘If I stayed in Vietnam, I would have faced a lot of difficulties, and could be rearrested at any time.’ # ⚓ JURIST ☛ South_Korea_man_jailed_for_writing_poem_praising North⠀⇛ Lee Yoon-seop, a 68-year-old man from South Korea, was sentenced to 14 months in jail Monday for writing a poem that praised North Korea and entering it into a competition organised by a North Korean propaganda website, according to the Yonhap News Agency. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon’s_Censorial_Lawsuit_Against_Media_Matters Inspiring_Many_More_People_To_Find_ExTwitter_Ads_On_Awful Content⠀⇛ We’ve already discussed the extremely censorial nature of ExTwitter’s lawsuit against Media Matters for accurately describing ads from major brands that appeared next to explicitly neoNazi content. The lawsuit outright admits that Media Matters did, in fact, see those ads next to that content. Its main complaint is that Elon is mad that he thinks they said that such ads regularly appear next to such content, when it only (according to him) rarely appears next to that content, which he admits the site mostly allows. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Azerbaijani_Independent_TV_Journalist_Detained⠀⇛ Aziz Orucov, the executive director of Azerbajian's Kanal 13 Internet TV station, was detained late on November 27 and his home and office were searched by the police. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Extends_U.S._Journalist's_Pretrial Detention⠀⇛ The pretrial detention of U.S. journalist Evan Gershkovich, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal, has been extended by two months until January 30, a Moscow court said on Telegram. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Russian_court_extends_pre-trial detention_for_WSJ_reporter_Gershkovich⠀⇛ Moscow's Lefortovo district court has extended the pre-trial detention of Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich for two months until Jan. 30, 2024, the court's press service said on Tuesday. # ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Hunter_Biden:_Which_Came_First,_the_Chick Selling_Sex_or_the_Extortion_of_Campaign_Dirt?⠀⇛ You cannot claim to be doing journalism on the Republican effort to impeach Joe Biden based on allegations about his son unless you understand the ties between Rudy Giuliani's efforts to dig up dirt, including from Russian agents, and the Hunter Biden investigation. # ⚓ 300_staff_to_lose_jobs_as_TVB_reorganises_its_operations⠀⇛ Hong Kong broadcaster TVB announced yesterday that it will be cutting 300 jobs and reducing its number of free-to-air TV channels to four. The announcement comes as the loss-making broadcaster seeks to make savings by restructuring its TV broadcasting and e-commerce businesses. More than 200 staff will be laid off in its broadcasting division as the overall production of programming hours will be shortened. The arrangement is expected to save HK$100 million (US$13 million) in content costs in 2024. Read more at: https://www.campaignasia.com/article/ 300-staff-to-lose-jobs-as-tvb-reorganises-its- operations/493007 # ⚓ Adafruit ☛ After_151_years,_Popular_Science_will_no_longer offer_a_magazine⠀⇛ After 151 years, Popular Science will no longer be available to purchase as a magazine. In a statement to The Verge, Cathy Hebert, the communications director for PopSci owner Recurrent Ventures, says the outlet needs to “evolve” beyond its magazine product, which published its first all-digital issue in 2021. PopSci, which covers a whole range of stories related to the fields of science, technology, and nature, published its first issue in 1872. Things have changed a lot over the years, with the magazine switching to a quarterly publication schedule in 2018 and doing away with the physical copies altogether after 2020. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russian_Women_Get_a_Fresh_Warning_About Their_Rights⠀⇛ Expressing feminist views in Russia is now an increasingly dangerous thing to do. # § eff.org⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Digital_Rights_Updates_with_EFFector_35.15⠀⇛ EFFector 35.15 is out now—you can read the full newsletter here, and subscribe to get the next issue in your inbox automatically! You can also listen to the audio version below: [...] # ⚓ EFF ☛ How_We_Fundraise⠀⇛ If you are reading this, you are probably already a donor to EFF (thank you!) or are considering supporting us and want to do your due diligence. We’d like to share some information with you about how EFF raises money for digital rights and (perhaps more importantly) how we don’t. Part of our team’s mandate is to not only raise money to support EFF’s work defending your rights in a digital world, but to bring as many people to our community as possible. Our members don’t only provide the financial support that fuels our organization. When we submit amicus briefs or testify in front of Congress, and say that we speak with 30,000 voices, the courts and legislators listen more closely. Many nonprofit organizations focus their attention on a handful of high-dollar, powerful donors. EFF’s ethos is the absolute opposite of that approach. Last year, about 60% of EFF’s revenue came from individual donors, including a quarter of all our revenue coming from individuals who gave less than $1,000. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ How_an_Indiana_Youth_Center_and_a_State Agency_Failed_to_Protect_Teens_From_Sexual_Abuse⠀⇛ Dena Sue Patel couldn’t hide her desire for a teenager at the youth treatment center in northern Indiana where she worked as a supervisor, according to court records. Patel, 50, allegedly used her key fob to enter a 19-year-old resident’s living area at Pierceton Woods Academy on her days off and took him on private walks. Patel told the boy, “I’ve been wanting you,” and had sexual contact with him, prosecutors have alleged, and she admitted to being in a “romantic” relationship with the boy in a text message to a co-worker. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Jefferson_Parish_Sheriff’s_Office_Settles_Two Use-of-Force_Cases⠀⇛ Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, has agreed to pay settlements to two families who accused its sheriff’s deputies of using excessive force against teenagers. The Jefferson Parish Sheriff’s Office agreed to contribute to a $1.25 million settlement with the family of Eric Parsa, a 16-year-old boy with severe autism who died nearly four years ago after deputies pinned him to the pavement and then sat on his back for more than nine minutes. The September settlement, the cost of which will be shared by the shopping center where the boy died, is one of the largest in the department’s history. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Jailed_Hong_Kong,_Chinese_attorneys_honored_with human_rights_award⠀⇛ Three lawyers made 'outstanding commitment and sacrifice' in human rights work, European law society says. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Dear_Marin_County_Board_of_Supervisors:_Reject The_Sheriff’s_Proposal_To_Install_License_Plate_Cameras_In The_County⠀⇛ With almost zero public notice, the Board of Supervisors of Marin County, California (just to the north of San Francisco over the Golden Gate Bridge) is on the verge of approving tomorrow a demand by the county sheriff’s department to install license plate cameras throughout the county. As a county resident, I object. My comment submitted to the board is below. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Fifth_Circuit_Says_Siccing_A_Police_Dog_On_A Suicidal_Person_Is_Excessive_Force,_Still_Grants_Immunity_To Officer⠀⇛ I don’t know what it is about US law enforcement culture, but it far too often seems to be that officers deployed to help people choose to hurt people instead. When people are suffering mental distress, cops become first responders. Unlike other first responders, like EMTs or firefighters, the desire to harm tends to surpass any desire to help. # ⚓ PHR ☛ Physicians_for_Human_Rights_Fights_Texas_Abortion_Ban in_Amicus_Brief_Filed_in_Zurawski_v._State_of_Texas⠀⇛ A ban on abortions in Texas has made it nearly impossible for doctors in the state to care for their patients who need medically necessary care, even in cases where a pregnant patient is at acute risk of dangerous complications or where a fetus will not survive pregnancy [...] # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Can_children_really_lead_the_way?⠀⇛ In an age of youth-led climate movements, children are leaders. But what motivates them? A climate lawsuit driven by a group of kids in Montana offers an answer. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Arizona_Legislators_Must_Testify_About Voting_Laws,_Supreme_Court_Rules⠀⇛ Two Republican lawmakers had argued that they could not be questioned about their motives for supporting the laws, which require proof of citizenship to vote in federal elections. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Swatch_Internet-Time_Clock_Doesn’t_Miss_A_Beat⠀⇛ The thing about human invention is that occasionally, two or more people think of an idea around the same time, and it’s difficult to determine who was first. Such is the case with Swatch’s Internet time, which is told in something called “.beats”. Rather than using hours and minutes, the solar day in the .beat system is divided into 1,000 parts equal to one minute in the French Revolutionary decimal time system, or 1 minute and 26.4 seconds of standard time. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ California_Activists_Say_State_Isn’t_Being Transparent_About_How_Billions_In_Broadband_Subsidies_Are Being_Spent⠀⇛ Two years ago the state of California unveiled a major broadband plan that, among other things, aims to spend $3.5 billion to create a massive, open access “middle mile” fiber network in a bid to boost competition. It’s part of a broader quest to make broadband both more affordable and more competitive (see our Copia report from last year discussing the benefits of open access fiber). o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ SOTAT_surveillance_patent_monopoly reexam_granted⠀⇛ On November 24, 2023, less than a month after Unified filed_an_ex_parte_reexamination, the Central Reexamination Unit (CRU) granted Unified’s request, finding a substantial new question of patentability on the challenged claims of U.S._Patent_9,854,207, owned and asserted by SOTAT, LLC, an NPE. The ‘207 patent monopoly relates to a mobile surveillance system that connects to a mobile device and has been asserted against twelve defendants [...] # ⚓ JUVE ☛ Stephenson_Harwood_boosts_IP_practice_with London_partner [Ed: JUVE is still posting pure spam, or one single low-level hire disguised as news. Worse yet, JUVE published false things to lobby for a crime. JUVE is basically a defunct, corrupt former news site.]⠀⇛ Helen Conlan joined the intellectual property practice at Stephenson Harwood in November. She previously spent a brief period at UK firm Mishcon de Reya, where her practice focused on technology, media and telecommunications. Prior to her stint at Mishcon, where she moved in April 2021, Conlan spent over 15 years at Bird & Bird. # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ Graphite_Charging_power_supply patent_monopoly_challenged⠀⇛ On November 21, 2023, Unified Patents filed an ex parte reexamination proceeding against U.S._Patent_8,291,243, owned by Graphite Charging Company LLC, an NPE. The ‘243 patent monopoly relates to an adaptive power supply system and has been asserted against Tesla. # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ The_Fate_of_Patent_Term Adjustment:_In_re_Cellect_Seeks_Rehearing_on_Double Patenting⠀⇛ In August 2023, the Federal Circuit decided an important case questioning how  obviousness-type double patenting (OTDP) is impacted when the terms of two family-member patents that would otherwise expire on the same day are separated by patent monopoly term adjustment (PTA) added to the term of one of the patents.  In re Cellect, LLC, 81 F.4th 1216 (Fed. Cir. 2023).  One of Cellect’s patents passed through the PTO quickly, but the other was delayed and thus received extra term as required by the statutory “patent term guarantee” codified in 35 U.S.C. 154(b).  In its panel decision, the Federal Circuit held that Cellect should have filed a terminal disclaimer to disclaim the portion added by the statutory term adjustment.  # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Guest_Post:_Judgment Preservation_Insurance_and_the_Federal_Circuit⠀⇛ An exotic insurance product has recently taken the litigation world by storm.  Judgment preservation insurance, or JPI, was neither offered nor widely discussed, at least publicly, as recently as five years ago.[1]  Now, it’s hard to avoid; a brief Internet search will turn up hundreds of hits and dozens of explainer articles by insurance brokers, law firms, and litigation funders extolling the benefits and pitching such policies to appellants. In IP lit, panels, presentations, and brand-new conferences, insurers and lawyers extol the virtues of these “bespoke” policies.  They now undergird some of the biggest eye-popping judgments on appeal to the Federal Circuit. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ Ideahub_(former_ETRI)_HEVC_Patent Revoked_in_EPO [Ed: EPO grantd more software patents that turned out to be fake]⠀⇛ On November 22, 2023, the European Patent Office announced the revocation of all claims of EP_3402195. The EP ‘195 patent monopoly is currently owned by Ideahub_Inc. but was previously owned by the Electronics_and Telecommunications_Research_Institute_(ETRI). The EP ‘195 patent monopoly involves improving the efficiency of encoding and decoding methods with particular reference to determining quantization parameters for encoding and decoding object blocks such that the quantization parameters are adaptively set according to prevailing or neighboring conditions. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ Precedential_No._33:_TTAB_Reverses Failure-to-Function_Refusal_of_"FOLLOW_THE_LEADER"_for Credit_Card_and_Travel_Services⠀⇛ The Board rendered a rare reversal of a failure-to-function refusal, finding the USPTO's evidence insufficient to establish that the phrase FOLLOW THE LEADER is incapable of serving as a source indicator for credit card incentive program, credit card financial, travel information, ticket reservation, travel advisory, salon and spa reservation, and concierge services. Although FOLLOW THE LEADER is in common use in various contexts, the phrase may convey different meanings in those contexts, and it does not have a commonly understood meaning applicable to the applicant’s services. In_re_Black_Card LLC, 2023 USPQ2d 1376 (TTAB 2023) [precedentia] (Opinion by Judge Jonathan Hudis). * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_AEXMOTI_Wordo:_GLASS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Happiness_is⠀⇛ We found a house we loved, and put an offer on it. Degrees of hysteria in an around a detail or two, but we're certain it's where our daily life belongs. We made it to a "caroling" practice last night for a show at some barn this coming Saturday. Should be interesting, if not fun. I'm definitely going to need to practice at home, because I'm not used to reading lyrics *and* a specific voice (as in "tenor") part at the same time from sheet music. It didn't help that the guy sitting next to me was "all over the place", making it difficult to land notes in the vicinity/context of his sonic uncertainty. # ⚓ 20_Cheese_and_No_Beef⠀⇛ A few days ago, a writer I used to talk to a bit on Twitter passed away suddenly. I didn't find out about this on Twitter, but on Bluesky: having left the former site behind at the end of July, I was left to hear about it through mutuals who still posted and scrolled there, despite the wreckage, despite the mess, despite everything. And as I googled him, I found an obituary that looked suspicious. Against my better judgement, I clicked, and confirmed: AI-generated obituary copy. Is any of it real? Who knows. To whoever generated it, who cares. The page asks me to remove my "ads blocker", "to support them". I go to the root of this supposed funeral site, out of morbid curiosity: FDA approves... first Malaria outbreak in... Thailand's new Burger King contains 20 cheese and no beef... Doesn't this just encapsulate it, this new garbage age. The web becoming a vast sea of whatever people think might generate a few cents in ad revenue, who cares about what it's doing to our trust. The important thing is I make money; fuck you, I'm gonna get mine. # ⚓ The_sun_set_on_Sacré_Cœur⠀⇛ I've talked quite a bit about Tina Dickow's Sacre Coeur track. It's off of her acclaimed album "Count to Ten" and is by far one of my favorite tracks of all time. This track spoke to me throughout my twenties and into my thirties (aka the last 10 years since discovering her music). This is a song about seeing two paths ahead of you. The road you know and the one you don't. There is an alluring pull into the unknown, a sense of opportunity and excitement, and then there is the road back home where its safe; but is safe the right choice? # ⚓ The_Look_of_Winter⠀⇛ As the American Midwest reaches late autumn, the weather steadily becomes colder. The grass yellows, the trees shed their leaves, and the midday shadows slowly get longer as the sun sinks lower in the sky. My wife and I have lived in the Midwest our entire lives, so we're used to these seasonal changes. I always enjoy them: I know the grass and trees will soon be covered in beautiful white snow, and I look forward to shorter days leading to longer evenings spent with family and friends as we celebrate Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The colors of spring and summer are gone, but we make do with the harvests of the warmer seasons, and the cold darkness reminds me of how grateful I am to have the light and warmth of my possessions and the people fear to me. # ⚓ people's_assessments⠀⇛ “You won’t be able to handle 2 hours of commute.” - Several people. // Made it work for almost a year until I was able to move closer. “You will have to get up at 5 am? It’s way too early, you’ll always be tired and soon get up at 8 am again.” - ex-coworker that had issues with getting up on time, hit snooze endlessly, only to rush out the house merely 10 minutes before she was supposed to arrive – with a busy morning car commute. // Have been getting up at 5am for years now. Have met many others who do so for work and see nothing unusual about it. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ A_hard_DNS_problem⠀⇛ The first paragraph sets up the context, and at the end, presents a DNS problem. I worked with DNS before, and this doesn't seem that hard a question. So, I've noticed an issue with a record I wanted added to a zone file, say a TXT (Text) RR (Resource Record) for `foo.example.com` that reads “I have a red pencil.” I'm also assuming I've done a check from an outside network and didn't see the record, and that looking up the SOA (Start Of Authority) RR (also from an outside network) showed the new serial number. My first step would be to query the authoritative name servers (typically two to four, could be more) and see if the record is there. If the record does show up, then it's a propagation issue, maybe related to caching or TTL (Time-To- Live) issues. # ⚓ Re:_A_hard_DNS_problem⠀⇛ The zone file is entirely correct as far as syntax goes and was updated with the new record without error. The new record does not appear in queries about it, but does appear in the new zone file even on the secondary servers. # ⚓ Calm_notifications⠀⇛ I am a fan of notifications actually (and I miss having a good reliable notifications system now that I'm on iPad where the notifications system is a flaky mess; a good notification system was part of what my relationship to my old Debian desktop system so healthy). Without notifications, I can easily find myself in neurotic, addicted “checking-checking-checking” loops. # ⚓ Oh,_how_I_occasionally_wish_my_technical_hair_were_cURL- ier⠀⇛ Yesterday (due to reading some thread that included the author of 'cURL' weighing in on the Gemini protocol, and some of the discussion having me starting to feel as though the absence of inline links *was* rather silly...) I messed with a couple Lua scripts tentatively called 'gemtext2gemtext' and 'gemtext2html' to transform what I'm tentatively calling "pre-gemtext" to gemtext and html, respectively. # ⚓ This_week_—_Pixels,_Voxels,_and_Plain_Text⠀⇛ TL;DR: I designed more pixel art, achieved some milestones in Dragon Cave and Pixpet, participated in this month's GBF Unite and Fight event (barring some days when I forgot), changed my text editor to Notepad++, and tried out Veloren. I skipped the other week's update because I had to run some errands, then got distracted making pixel art pieces for pixel clubs. Whoops. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4213 ➮ Generation completed at 02:49, i.e. 10 seconds to (re)generate ⟲