𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Friday, April 12, 2024 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sat 13 Apr 02:49:24 BST 2024 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2024/04/12/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmbHjgPAAcGNUG9Sej4vSKhK8DfUYokfFkXLdKwr1JtGJG QmdLsuRLzrwb58dZaSmJah6oCmNNZ6cW4ick4chqJmHjmY QmTNR3uqcbMYjPAbbHjBqyNJb3ib8kytQvdFnATzkBFVvo QmfCHrqMLfMsHXYnQeAvVuNYt91Zw2AmMJ5mx4RqsrWy3b QmR2rr1yXDANjQBEz2oGtd2UMgy9U37FHdjpUhPfAk7h5z QmWE6ucdKk9Q1pi6ce3ko9xPWd9Y4BjpLij3W7tJ5TMjG3 QmaoEDiALTYYZdaq3SQ86aQpMwUji1nqCeLbXAoszFRYvJ QmSTkZUY74BcgbgqS6JKwwNbVnbzY5uqwpgWtYonGJua8s QmXZcp3rXLYa24pYd7jUu6sPDrhziRCNCok875WLJTLysP QmUE7nd24kx2soZFbSYKDsb1ik1wpirFTRTBhDTj6w9sjh QmdKeWBhfnjgQLYU48wto7DdStpXsB5mE1yEEnWcxQ53vu QmfSnnTnjcAe3YvtRsVgAwUJfpcEk1dM5J5yjJLyv7MxqM QmQ16CkpxBbMzPZ6wZcuKBUcxH1RZ8uAEhcvdBsPRpVZe9 QmT3gTQRv33wEDtJveL8DiqiacGeRaxEbRFDUyVSJEAvDL QmTs9qcwghZPs5oBh9qzsu8a11T4s6xHrJjVNyk5miFy3X Qmdqd6mb8mj27qVvQZRR7sjshrXYYirWm9vRttLkNB5rW6 QmSjY85vxbu9nNFHUMmuK7CxRame2VYuhb523CJaK5zRkj QmZwah9nZHVvSzbJWEAMxumYDpanFPqTahnqoNP83tuZbx QmQWSrGfeYwgf6HE9N3742DJrJwq8uNSCUAz469CnuUFGe QmcgTTyseF5zFd4MLquM4PtJZzkFcBEqaUbqDe4eaUx6Na QmZMEFKvpgvjxAcV9Pwu7yF74LYZwS7ktdLFdYb988Ncfu ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Techrights - IRC Proceedings: Thursday, April 11, 2024 ⦿ Techrights - Over at Tux Machines... ⦿ Techrights - WIPO UDRP D2024-0770 Debian vendetta response ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/IRC_Proceedings_Thursday_April_11_2024.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/WIPO_UDRP_D2024_0770_Debian_vendetta_response.shtml ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Gemini_Links_12_04_2024_Funny_Thing_Manual_Scripts_and_More.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Links_12_04_2024_Big_Brother_in_the_Workplace_and_Profectus_Bro.shtml https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Links_12_04_2024_Reporters_Without_Borders_Rep_Kicked_Out_of_Ho.shtml ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 55 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/IRC_Proceedings_Thursday_April_11_2024.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/IRC_Proceedings_Thursday_April_11_2024.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IRC Proceedings: Thursday, April 11, 2024⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Shetland_pony_is_a_breed_of_pony_originating_in_the_Shetland Isles._Shetlands_range_in_size_from_a_minimum_height_of_approximately_28_inches to_an_official_maximum_height_of_42_inches⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #techrights_log #boycottnovell_log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log #techbytes_log =============================================================================== The corresponding text-only bulletins for_Tux_Machines and for_Techrights contain all the text. Enter_the_IRC_channels_now ⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⣆⢠⣤⡈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠡⡤⣴⣌⣿⡄⠀⣈⣰⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣟⣿⣶⣤⣴⣶⣿⣧⣄⣀⣉⣄⢀⣼⣽⣿⣷⣄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣲⡖⠐⢵⣿⣾⠿⢿⣷⢠⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣤⣤⣀⢀⣨⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠠⠛⠛⠿⠻⢥⣤⣀⠀⢀⢀⣘⣍⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠆⠂⠛⠠⠒⣄⡀⣀⣉⡝⠓⠀⡀⠘⠒⣾⣦⣠⣀⣴⣮⠀⠠⣶⠿⣗⠃⠁⣶⠀⠳⠹⢮⣹⡸⡄⠒⡛⣻⡎⠹⠓⠀⢀⢈⠘⡤⠀⠀⠀⠰⠄⠁⠂⠁⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠦⠀⠀⠹⣢⣂⢈⡑⠂⠰⠂⠀⠁⡙⠈⠚⢀⠈⣫⢖⣀⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠙⡛⠆⠄⠁⣵⡱⣄⡓⠉⣅⡷⣸⢔⠃⠀⠀⠙⠄⠀⠢⣄⡁⠀⢦⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⠀⡀⢀⡀⣀⣰⣴⡀⠀⡀⢜⣆⡇⡳⠏⠆⠰⣶⡀⣀⣸⠪⢖⣄⣴⡖⠡⡀⢿⣇⢸⠿⠍⠀⠻⠗⠇⡉⣩⢄⢹⡇⠰⢬⣏⠙⠋⠁⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⣣⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣡⣽⣿⣿⣿⣻⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠐⢠⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠉⢍⠋⢙⡺⠗⢶⣲⡓⠛⠛⠠⢦⢯⠭⢬⣦⣯⠾⡾⣿⡤⣴⠒⠖⣶⠖⠕⠶⣶⠒⡶⣖⠚⢛⣷⣺⣻⡈⠛⠃⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⣀⡄⡘⠈⢀⣀⣠⣬⣄⣀⣻⣍⡿⠖⢓⢿⡝⡷⠶⠀⣼⠓⣄⢀⠩⡌⡒⣿⢾⢀⣈⣄⣷⣾⣷⣴⣤⣿⣇⣴⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠁⢒⠄⠰⣄⣠⣢⣈⣀⣥⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣮⣵⣼⣐⣳⣹⣻⣅⣈⣃⣋⣯⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣠⣀⣀⠀⠦ ⠨⢥⢤⡥⠬⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⡄⠘⡆⠙⣟⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⢿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⣭⣵⣽ ⠶⠦⠉⠶⠶⣞⠧⣲⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣷⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢷⣿⢿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢊⠁⠀⢏⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣄⣄⠈⠹⡿⣿⡯⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠝⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡯⡦⠄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⢢⠈⠉⣸⠺⣯⡶⣜⡟⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⡗⠱⡀⢨⣿⡿⡣⠀⣸⣿⡟⢓⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠠⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠸⡣⠘⠖⣵⢻⣽⣿⣿⠈⠻⠧⡀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡝⠞⣿⣿⣿⢸⡗⠀⠁⠄⠀ ⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⠋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠑⣷⢠⡈⢪⣿⠻⠉⡂⠀⠣⢣⠰⣻⡟⠉⠓⠀⠘⣿⣇⣀⢃⣀⡀⠀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⢧⢣⠠⠹⣧⠀⢱⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⠃⠀⢀⣤⣿⣘⣭⣍⢉⠉⣉⣚⣿ ⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠈⠓⡅⠀⠉⠀⠈⢙⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣐⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣽⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠛⠁⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣻⣿⢿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠋⠟⢱⡟⣿⣿⡿⠠⡀⠀⠈⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⡋⠑⡈⠐⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⢀⣟⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢻⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠙⡍⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡻⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⣻⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠁⠁⠙⠁⠀⠀⢠⢸⣿⠛⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⢉⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠛⠱⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠲⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⠉⢙⢺⣿⢦⣠⣦⢢⣀⠰⢀⡀⢤⣄⣤⣤⡀⠀⣠⠒⡃⣀⣰⣆⣤⣀⠒⠀⠀⠐⡦⢀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢠⡂⢠⣷⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⡿⠛⠓⠛⢻⢿⣿⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡇⣷⣿⣿⠽ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠟⣋⠛⠙⠻⠿⠿⠛⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣻⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠟⠿⡛⠙⠛⣿⣿⣾⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣽⣷⣄⠽ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⡇⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠤⠠⢤⢤⣂⣈⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣼⢿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⡀⣤⣤⣽⣛⣿⣿⣿⣛⣇⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡩⢽⣻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠉⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⢯⣏⣠⡀⠙⡻⣟⢻⣻⣿⣧⣿⣏⡟⡛⠻⢿⣿⡛⣛⠛⠼⠼⠌⠟⠛⠤⣬⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠙⢅⣀⣈⣂⣹⣟⣛⢻⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡭⠿⠶⣵⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⠅ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡐⣈⣶⣤⣴⣦⣶⣤⣬⣵⣦⣠⣵⣶⣷⣦⣤⣄⣴⣦⣦⣤⣄⣀⣄⣀⣀⣤⣄⣤⣠⡼⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⣶⣯⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⣨⣚⣑⣏⣋⣯⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠈⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠠⠐⡀⢠⠈⣁⢈⠀⠀⢀⠛⠡⢠⡈⠛⠘⣿⣍⣥⡭⢯⢿⣛⣟⡛⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣟⣻⣶⡤⠤⡽⠶⢬⣙⣯⣤⣯⣿⣉⠉⡕⢄⡒⠲ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠁⠀⣤⠘⡆⣌⠉⠏⣄⡈⣓⣤⢿⡾⡌⠳⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⠟⢳⣾⣿⡿⣟⠋⠀⢂⣺⣖⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⡿⠛⢿⡿⡷⠶⠴⢁⢀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣔⣤⣱⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠐⠢⢤⡂⣍⣜⠻⣍⣷⣘⣷⠷⣮⣷⠤⢾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣠⣼⣮⡭⣵⣾⣯⣍⣟⠛⢛⠿⡟⢿⣿⣿⡯⣬⣿⣭⣿⡽⢟⣻⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣟⢻⡟⠲⠪⠉⠟⡀⣒⣴⣤⣤⢨⣀⣢⣼⣯⣿⣅ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 288 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/Over_at_Tux_Machines.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Over at Tux Machines...⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Fountains_at_Peterhof_Palace_1910_Saint_Petersburg_Russia The_Russian_Versailles_Public_Domain⦈_ ⚓ Updated This Past Day⠀⇛ 1. ⚓ Open_Hardware_and_GNU/Linux⠀⇛ Raspberry Pi, Qualcomm, and more 2. ⚓ Gemini_Protocol_(gemini://)_Soon_Turns_2_in_Tux_Machines [original]⠀⇛ site turns 20 in less than 2 months ⚓ New⠀⇛ 3. ⚓ FOSS_Leftovers⠀⇛ and some "clown computing" stuff 4. ⚓ Programming_Leftovers⠀⇛ Programming and development 5. ⚓ today's_howtos⠀⇛ a batch for the day (late) 6. ⚓ Windows_TCO/Security_Blunders⠀⇛ Windows TCO stories 7. ⚓ Security_Leftovers⠀⇛ Security related stories 8. ⚓ Ubuntu_24.04_LTS_Beta_Is_Now_Available_for_Download_with_GNOME_46, Linux_6.8⠀⇛ Canonical released today the beta version of the upcoming Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) operating system for public testing ahead of the final release on April 25th, 2024. 9. ⚓ KDE_Gear_24.02.2_Brings_Bugfixes_for_Spectacle,_Okular,_Gwenview,_and Other_Apps⠀⇛ KDE Gear 24.02.2 software suite is now available with bug fixes for Spectacle, Okular, Gwenview, Kdenlive, and other KDE apps. 10. ⚓ Games:_Catch_My_Drift_Humble_Bundle,_Slay_the_Spire_2,_and_More⠀⇛ 11 new stories about games 11. ⚓ Android_Leftovers⠀⇛ Truecaller for web now available for Android users in India 12. ⚓ Microsoft_employees_exposed_internal_passwords_in_security_lapse⠀⇛ The researchers notified Microsoft of the security lapse on February 6, and Microsoft secured the spilling files on March 5 13. ⚓ Radxa_NIO_12L_–_A_low-profile_MediaTek_Genio_1200_SBC_with_Ubuntu certification_for_at_least_5_years_of_updates⠀⇛ Radxa says Android, Ubuntu, and Yocto Linux will be supported 14. ⚓ Sherlock_–_find_social_media_accounts_by_username⠀⇛ This is free and open source software 15. ⚓ Security_Leftovers⠀⇛ Security related news 16. ⚓ Today_in_Techrights⠀⇛ Some of the latest articles ========================================================================= The corresponding text-only bulletin for Thursday contains all the text. Top-read articles (excluding bot/crawler visits): Span from 2024-04-05 to 2024-04-11 1841 /n/2024/03/29/A_backdoor_in_xz.shtml 1110 /n/2024/04/04/German_state_moving_30_000_PCs_to_LibreOffice.shtml 1051 /n/2024/04/06/ Kodi_21_0_Omega_Open_Source_Media_Center_Is_Here_with_Major_Cha.shtml 1038 /n/2024/04/06/Programming_Leftovers.1.shtml 905 /n/2024/04/08/Fragments_3_0.shtml 892 /n/2024/04/05/Announcing_Incus_6_0_LTS.shtml 821 /n/2024/03/23/ Openwashing_GitLab_Censorship_Without_Challenge_Redis_and_More.shtml 814 /n/2024/04/05/Move_to_OpenBSD_and_OpenBSD_7_5_released.shtml 770 /n/2024/04/05/Security_Leftovers.shtml 769 /n/2024/04/06/today_s_howtos.shtml 756 /n/2024/04/05/ FFmpeg_7_0_Dijkstra_Released_with_Important_AArch64_Optimizatio.shtml 734 /n/2024/04/08/today_s_howtos.shtml 727 /n/2024/04/07/today_s_howtos.shtml 704 /n/2024/04/07/today_s_leftovers.shtml 703 /n/2024/04/05/today_s_howtos.shtml ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠓⠈⠿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣹⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⡁⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠪⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠙⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠂⠙⠛⠃⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠈⠽⠛⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠺⣿ ⣿⠋⠉⠻⠃⠀⠉⢻⡖⠀⢻⠿⠿⠙⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡾⠿⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢀⢄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠙⠃⠀⡁⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣯⢼⣿⣿⣿⡿⡤⠮⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡇⠃⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠹⢿⠋⠀⠂⠈⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠇⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣤⡇⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⠄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⡟⣻⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⣷⢸⡌⢿⠏⠴⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢶⣿⣸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡄⠀⢀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠸⡇⣿⠙⣃⠒⡘⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡇⢸⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿ ⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⣾⠟⠟⠏⠹⠜⠹⠿⢿⡄⠀⠀⠃⣿⠀⠀⠰⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢭⡇⠙⠀⣿⡇⠀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣴⣾⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠉⠁⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣦⡀⠀⠐⠐⠂⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡖⠃⠂⣴⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⢿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⡟⠛⠛⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿ ⣿⡇⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣠⣾⠇⠠⣻⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠒⠂⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⣏⣷⣀⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠉⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠒⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣉⣉⣉⡀⠀⠠⣾⣿⠟⠉⠉⢻⡿⢿⣧⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣼⣿⡏⠉⠉⠛⠳⠴⠼⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⢛⣿ ⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⠣⠁⠊⠀⠀⢸⠏⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠈⣿⣗⠪⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠋⠁⡸⡟⠘⠻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⢶⣾⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣧⣿⣿⡖⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣷⣀⣀⡠⠤⣾⣿⢶⡒⠒⠒⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⢁⣩⣿⣋⣻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣽⡿⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠋⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣆⣠⣀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⣤⣬⣿⣏⣿⡇⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠓⠲⣤⣤⣀⡐⠒⠂⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠆⠉⠉⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠓⣦⣶⠃⢼⡚⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⠛⠛⠉⣤⣤⡤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡶⣿⣿⣬⢿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠃⠀⢠⠞⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⠈⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⣶⡀⠀⠀⢹⣇⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠉⠉⠻⠋⣠⣤⡄⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢀⡀⠀⠐⢾⣿⣿⡿⢡⠰⠄⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠰⠇⠀⢃⠠⢿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠟⠃⠀⢶⣾⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣥⣤⣦⣄⣠⣠⣤⠖⠂⠀⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⢹⣯⣳⡘⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠂⠀⠰⠛⠓⠐⠙⣿⣧⣤⢀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢀⣀⡠⠄⠀⠒⠒⠀⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠖⠚⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠟⡇⠈⠺⡷⠀⠃⠀⢹⢿⠻⢋⢹⡇⠰⠀⠀⡠⢤⡆⠈⣿⣟⠷⠀⢤⠤⠾⠻⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠒⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣠⣀⣠⣤⣤⣦⣤⣄⣀⣦⣴⣤⣤⣴⣤⣄⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣷⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣠⣸⣠⣴⣿⣦⣤⣤⣀⣠⣧⣼⣧⣤⣾⣯⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣤⣦⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 500 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/WIPO_UDRP_D2024_0770_Debian_vendetta_response.shtml Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/12/WIPO_UDRP_D2024_0770_Debian_vendetta_response.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ WIPO UDRP D2024-0770 Debian vendetta response⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock. Some of my fellow Debian Developers (co-authors) started harassing my family and I back in 2018 at a time when I lost two family members. This blog has been written under duress. Normally the best thing to do with bullies is to ignore them but they are blackmailing me with the threat that WIPO will publish some insults denouncing me, destroying my life and trying to push me into the Debian_suicide_cluster. § Trigger warning⠀➾ The Debian online community makes malicious references to harassment and abuse, deliberately conflating different meanings of these words to sully the reputations of independent volunteers. Victims and witnesses to real harassment and abuse may be triggered by exposure to these word games in the Debian online community. § Background⠀➾ The misfits have now used Software in the Public Interest, Inc, an organization that I have no relationship with, to transmit insults through WIPO. WIPO has assigned the case number D2024-0770. Some people may think that after more than three decades that I have been doing voluntary work in ham radio and free, open source software, this must be some kind of April Fool's Day joke. Sadly it is not. The case says a lot about the toxic culture of these small-minded people who are using the trademark to cling onto the coat-tails of Debian's founders. It is glaring at us in the list of domains in dispute. While these misfits spend all their time slinking around in chat channels jealously sneering at the real developers, I was the only one engaged in creative thought registering some of the most exciting Debian-inspired domain names. To prove the point, here is the list of domain names now in dispute. Given all the effort they put into the debian.community vendettas, why did none of the misfits spare a minute to think of any of these names and register them first? * debian.chat * debiancommunity.org * debian.day * debian.family * debian.finance * debian.giving * debiangnulinux.org * debian.guide * debian.news * debian.plus * debianproject.community * debianproject.org * debian.team * debian.video The list of domains is startling but at the same time, it captures all the most contentious political issues in Debian today. I feel that I have done the real community a huge service by thinking ahead and registering these domains before they could fall into the hands of cybersquatters. § Criminal proceedings in progress⠀➾ There are now a range of criminal proceedings in progress regarding the harassment of my family and I. The outgoing Debian Project Leader has used his final email newsletter to distribute defamation about police involvement. This demonstrates the real motive of the WIPO insults is to use all forms of proceedings concurrently, with as much noise about it as possible, to cause the maximum stress and psychological harm to victims such as my family and I and other independent volunteers. The current harassment through the WIPO process is a violation of UDRP_Rules_15 (e) regarding the harassment of the domain name holder. The outcome of criminal proceedings may help to test the evidence submitted by the parties, to fill the deliberate gaps in the evidence and to give some indication of the real source of bad faith and previous patterns of harassment against my family and I. I believe the panel should suspend the current procedure and wait for the parties to provide details of the criminal proceedings to the panel. § WIPO fascist deadline⠀➾ WIPO has set a deadline for me to respond to the insults by 2 April 2024. Coincidentally, 2 April is the anniversary of the European_Parliament resolution_of_2_April_2009_on_European_conscience_and_totalitarianism. The_text_of_the_motion begins like this: 1. Expresses respect for all victims of totalitarian and undemocratic regimes in Europe and pays tribute to those who fought against tyranny and oppression; In point 4, the European Parliament asserts that constant vigilance is needed to fight undemocratic, xenophobic, authoritarian and totalitarian ideas and tendencies. Inspired by this bi-partisan resolution from the European Parliament, I created the web site Nazi.Compare and started publishing examples of poor behavior by the vigilantes in free, open source software communities. Moreover, 2 April is Carla's birthday. The manner in which rogue Debianists and toxic people at WIPO demand that I shift my focus to their petty concerns is another prime example of the way that Debian fascism (Debianism) is imposing on our families and personal lives. Carla was born in Chile on the very day that Argentina launched their doomed invasion of Las_Islas_Malvinas_/_Falkland_Islands. Carla's country, Chile, who share a 4000km land border with Argentina, sided with the British and allowed British forces to operate from Chilean territory. Margarita Manterola (marga), who is Argentinian, banned_Carla_from_food_at_DebConf, despite the fact that Marga has attended numerous DebConfs with her husband. Just another example of how these two-faced people behave. § WIPO, Modern Slavery and Blackmail in Switzerland⠀➾ The deadline also coincides with the Easter long weekend. While other people are able to rest on the long weekend, these people are blackmailing me to focus on my work with Debian, which is a voluntary activity. Blackmail is accompanied with a threat of adverse consequences. In many countries, blackmail is a crime. Forcing people to work without payment is a crime. WIPO operates this blackmail with the threat that if I do not spend Easter reading their insults and sit here working on this response, they will automatically re-publish insults and defamation, dragging the name of my family through the mud. In other words, WIPO are revealing themselves to be a fascist regime, a lot like those regimes that the European Parliament resolution is warning us about. I have already done decades of voluntary work for Debian and free, open source software and now they force me to work on a public holiday. § Multi-Institutional abuse & WIPO blackmail hand-in-hand⠀➾ The insults misfits submitted through WIPO regurgitate references to harassment, abuse and 2018, the time when the trial of Cardinal George Pell was underway, among other things. Normally, when cases of abuse appear in the news, the identities of victims, possible victims, witnesses, any other children who were there and anybody in proximity to the children is obfuscated. Yet Google, WIPO and Debian seem to be able to do as they please and spread rumors about harassment and abuse of anonymous victims in proximity to the volunteer developers. The WIPO UDRP process makes no reference to how they protect the privacy of people in proximity to potential cases of abuse. I contacted various lawyers about the matter, this is an example of one response from a firm registered with the bar association in Ireland: We are a small firm and our resources are quite stretched at this time. Nonetheless, one of the architects of the cover-up in Melbourne has been linked to Ireland. § Response being prepared without legal representation⠀➾ In 2021, my business purchased a legal protection insurance from the firm Parreaux, Thiebaud & Partners in Switzerland. It turns out this firm had been operating in Switzerland since 2018 without a license to sell insurance and without all but one or two staff having a law license. In other words, from the perspective of the clients, the Swiss insurance was no better than a Ponzi scheme. Even more disturbing, the Swiss authorities, including the financial regulator FINMA and the Ordre des Avocats de Genève (Geneva Bar Association) apparently knew about this since 2021 but didn't close the firm down until 2023. It is the Swiss_JuristGate_affair. On the other hand, the misfits have apparently spent_over_$120,000_on_legal fees_making_attacks_against_my_family_and_I_over_the_last_few_years. In some countries, like South Africa, home of the outgoing Debian Project Leader Jonathan Carter, you can pay less than that to have_somebody_killed. § No faith in WIPO, the legal panel, conflicts of interest⠀➾ In the previous WeMakeFedora.org dispute, the ADR Forum proposed a legal panelist who had a leading role in a trade association promoting the interests of the complainant. That particular conflict of interest was very easy to recognize and the panelist withdrew from the process. Many_of_the_panelists appear to be associated with companies who have funded one of the parties and some of them appear to be involved in groups like the FSFE_Legal_Network. At the same time, many of the current vendettas appear to intersect with both FSFE and Debian at the same time. Therefore, without being able to determine the extent to which any particular panelist or WIPO employee is engaged in these other groups, I do not trust any of them. § Jurisdiction and cultural issues⠀➾ The WIPO documents specify a jurisdiction for the domain registrar but the content on the web sites needs to be viewed through the perspective of different jurisdictions and cultural conventions. Creation of the Debian software commenced in_the_United_States. The Debian co-authors today come from a range_of_different_countries each having their own legal and cultural expectations about matters such as copyright, privacy and abuse. There is a widespread understanding that the free, open source software community values freedom of expression in the sense of the first amendment to the US Constitution / US Bill of Rights. Adam_Borowski_via_debian-project,_2018-12-20: I_agree_with_you_wholeheartly._Censorship_is_at_the_root,_or_very close_to_the_roots,_of_pretty_much_any_violation_of_freedom_I_can think_of. When people look at the Debian_Social_Contract, which includes the clause (3) We will not hide problems, there is an expectation that we have all agreed to collaborate under an American regime of transparency and free speech about organizational issues. The role of Debian Project Leader has been performed by people from a range of different countries where norms differ from one country to the next. For example, Chris Lamb, who started the current vendetta in 2018, is from the UK. It has been quite normal for the British press to publish information about the former Mayor of London trying to help girlfriends_get_jobs_in_the_public service. Asking similar questions about women who won internships in proximity to Chris Lamb feels entirely compatible with the convention followed in British society. In other European countries, such as Germany and Switzerland, there seems to be far more emphasis on protecting the reputations of those who are party to such affairs such that the whole affair is often hidden from view. There is a perception that people from these countries want to have their cake and eat it too. They demand privacy for themselves but they still lurk on the debian- private mailing list and chat channels spreading rumors about the rest of us. They want to download and use the software without paying for it and they don't even respect the principles of the developers. The FSFE is even using a name derived from the American FSF, it is feels like a_case_of_identity_theft, but at the same time they are snubbing freedom of expression. Content that appears to be inconvenient for an entirely German online community is quite valid in an online community claiming to adhere to an American style of discourse. § Similarity of the domain names⠀➾ It is clear that most of the domain names are either identical to the trademark or they contain the trademark. Total similarity is completely normal and inevitable because the misfits behind the WIPO insults and I are all collectively co-authors of the same Debian software that is identified by the trademark. Some of the names, such as debianproject.org may appear to be particularly audacious. Nonetheless, I do not expect the legal panel to be the first to approve such a name. The previous case D2000-0410 Religious Technology Center v. Freie Zone E. V. concerned the domain scientologie.org which is totally identical to the German spelling of the trademark. The case was decided on the merits of legitimate interests. The incredible similarity was not a black mark against the choice of domain name. It is odd that the misfits have spent_$120,000 on legal cases to censor domain names but they couldn't think of any of these names and register them in advance. Money can buy legal harassment but it seems money can't replace the creative minds that have abandoned Debian long ago. § Legitimate interests to use the trademark⠀➾ There are various grounds providing Debian co-authors with a legitimate interest to use the trademark in a domain name and in other contexts. Legal counsel representing the misfits have submitted to WIPO a copy of a previous WIPO censorship decree discussing the scientologie.org dispute. Therefore, I presume that the misfits and their legal counsel are aware of the arguments relating to the scientologie.org verdict ( WIPO_UDRP_case_D2000- 0410). The outcome in the scientologie.org verdict is that somebody having a copyright interest in a creative work that shares the name of a trademark, that person has a legitimate interest in using the name of the creative work in a domain name and possibly other contexts too. By submitting the document, they implicitly acknowledge the open questions from the previous legal panel. The respondent to the previous dispute was an anonymous non-profit organization, the Free Software Contributors Association. The association asserted that some of their members were Debian Developers wishing to protect their anonymity and privacy. In relation to whether or not those people are real Debian Developers, the panel wrote: The Panel confirms that this finding does not imply that it has taken any view of the ownership of copyright in DEBIAN software. Indeed, it is unable to do so on the evidence before it. The panel did not seek to speculate on the names of the authors contributing to the site but the misfits have been hysterical in their finger pointing. After stealing that domain, the only thing they used it for was publishing attack pages. In other words, they violated UDRP rule 15(e) after the procedure had completed. These two lines from that panel are significant and as the misfits have submitted this document in support of their demands, with the help of legal counsel, we are surprised they have not tried to answer that question proactively. It appears that they don't care too much about documenting and protecting the exclusive economic rights of a copyright owner or the moral rights of an author. On the distinction between the exclusive economic rights of a copyright owner, I note that none of us Debian Developers, being the co-authors of Debian, have ever been asked to assign our rights to any third-party copyright owner. The misfits have not submitted any evidence purporting to prove that such an assignment did take place. Therefore, there is no copyright owner having exclusive economic rights over the Debian software. By default, the rights rest with the authors who did the work. Despite having clearly read the panel's comments, the misfits have not submitted any evidence claiming that any such party exists with exclusive economic rights as a copyright owner of the Debian software. § Legitimate interest: a very long history of voluntary contribution⠀➾ Some of us started doing Debian as a hobby alongside other hobbies such as amateur radio. One of the early Debian Project Leaders, Bruce_Perens, also notably came to Debian for amateur radio purposes. I passed the amateur radio exam in 1993, when_I_was_14_years_of_age. My first years of voluntary activities in amateur radio and free software were during a time when I was legally a child. I didn't receive any payment for some of those activities. I offered my time on the basis that I was gaining skills and helping real communities. Around the same time, while I was still legally a child, I came to appreciate the fact that there are some adults who exploit talented and precocious youngsters by trying to direct the work that is being undertaken and failing to disclose or share financial benefits. I believe my first engagement with Debian was in 1997 and the first proof I can find of my engagement with Debian is an email_from_23_February_1998_about package_creation. The Debian Project constitution was originally published on 10_September_1998, some time later. The trademark was only registered later on 21 December 1999 Looking at the Scientologie.org UDRP verdict, the panelists gave some weight to those possessing a copyright interest that predates the registration of a trademark or a copyright interest arising from a situation that intersects with the history of the trademark. § Legitimate interest: the Debian license statement⠀➾ Oddly enough, Debian documents and files in a Debian system refer to the licenses of the individual packages being distributed. It was hard to find an actual example of a copyright statement or license for Debian itself as a collective work. The Debian_Project_constitution_of_1998, referred to above, encourages Software in the Public Interest, Inc to register a trademark. It says nothing about copyright in the existing body of work. Here are the words from the original constitution: Since Debian has no authority to hold money or property, any donations for the Debian Project must be made to SPI, which manages such affairs. SPI have made the following undertakings: 1. SPI will hold money, trademarks and other tangible and intangible property and manage other affairs for purposes related to Debian. So people can donate intangible property like copyright to SPI if they make a personal decision to do so. The constitution did not oblige us to make such donations/assignments. Continuing the search for a Debian license, on the ISO installation media, I found the file isolinux/f10.txt which contains the very brief text: COPYRIGHTS AND WARRANTIES Debian GNU/Linux is Copyright (C) 1993-2016 Software in the Public Interest, and others. The Debian GNU/Linux system is freely redistributable. After installation, the exact distribution terms for each package are described in the corresponding file /usr/share/doc//copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. It asserts that copyright is owned by Software in the Public Interest, and others. Most of us are individual private volunteers and we have never personally chosen to grant or assign our copyright interest to Software in the Public Interest. I became curious about who put this statement into the ISO image. The history_of_the_file_is_available_in_the_source_code_repository. The text has been there for more than 20 years without any scrutiny. It remains odd that there is no similar statement in the release_notes or the installation_guide. The key things being asserted in that very brief license statement: * Debian is a work subject to copyright of its own, separate from the copyright of the individual components (packages), * There are an unspecified group of authors (the "others") of said work, * People who receive a copy of this work can freely redistribute the work * There is no warranty Debian originated in the United States under the leadership of a US citizen, Ian Murdock, in 1993. Therefore, the US Copyright law is relevant. The moral rights of authors ("and others") exist in the context of both a Collective work and a work of Joint authorship. Wikipedia has an article on this particular type of copyrighted work, Collective_Works_(US_law). Debian is a collective work under the above US copyright law. The work was initiated in 1993 by Ian Murdock in the United States. In a Collective work (US), the authors (or co-authors) are selecting works from third parties and arranging them into the final product, Debian, a collective work. The decision making process that involves selecting third party works and the decision making process that involves arranging the third party works gives rise to the moral rights of authorship in the Debian collective work. The_US_law_on_collective_works states: The “authorship” in a collective work comes from the original selection, coordination, and arrangement of the independent works included in the collective work. In the Debian world, the independent works are referred to as "upstream" source code. The authors of independent works are referred to as "upstream authors" or just "upstream". The Debian_maintainer_guide describes the process of jointly selecting the independent works for inclusion in Debian. In particular, co-authors are required to create a public "Intent To Package" (ITP) report in the bug tracking system (BTS) so that other co-authors can discuss the merits of the selection decision. The requirement to engage in a shared discussion for every selection decision gives rise to joint authorship rights. Moreover, the person who creates the package importing the independent work into Debian is required to create a manifest describing the inclusion of the independent upstream work. This manifest is the debian/control file. The Debian Policy Manual provides a list_of_fields_in_the_debian/control_files. Some of these fields are dedicated to the coordination and the arrangement of the independent works within a Debian system. Coordination of the independent contributions: the package_dependency_fields describe the relationships between packages that have to be installed together or which conflict with each other. In many cases, when a library package is a dependency for other packages, we have to ensure that the version of the library package in Debian is compatible with the dependent packages. We have a formal process of coordination in this case, the Transition_process. Populating the dependency fields in the debian/control file and participating in a Transition process, either as the producer or the consumer of a dependency, are examples of coordination of the independent works from upstream authors. Here are some examples where I personally engaged in these actions: Created_an_ITP_bug_report and discussed the inclusion/selection of a package, also discussed_the_selection_of_the_source_through_the_mailing_list created_a_control_file for the SimpleID package SimpleID_transition The fields Section and Priority impact the arrangement of the contributions from the perspective of the user. The person completing the values in these fields in engaged in the process of arrangement of the contributions in a collective work. Creating a Collective Work is a process of decision making. In the Debian world, we have a joint process of decision making. In particular, every author can make individual decisions over any package in the collection at any time. From the Developers Reference, a package can be signed by any key_in_the_Debian Developers_keyring. The documentation about the NMU process explicitly describes_the_process_by_which_any_Debian_Developer_is_authorized_to_modify_the package_contributed_by_any_other_Debian_Developer. Here is an example where_I_used_the_NMU_process_to_update_the_nfs-utils_package From time to time, the Debian co-authors undertake a vote to make a decision. Some of these votes concern social phenomena, such as the vote_to_accept_the Diversity_Statement,_which_says_everybody_is_welcome_in_Debian. Some of the votes directly determine the arrangement of independent works in Debian. One of the most notable examples was the General_Resolution_on_Init_system_coupling. Another example was the General_Resolution_on_Handling_source-less_firmware_in the_Linux_kernel. By participating in these votes, all co-authors exert some influence over which independent works are included in Debian and how those independent works are arranged. Therefore, the development of Debian includes features of both a collective work and a work of joint authorship at the same time. Moreover, due to processes such as library transitions, NMU and our system of voting on certain decisions, any co-author may influence the way that other co-authors are integrating the independent upstream works into Debian. This cross-pollination of ideas and effort is a well known feature of Debian. In other Linux distributions, the developers are a little bit more siloed from each other. Every two years, an official stable release of the Debian software is released to the public. This process of releasing involves declaring a version number that corresponds to a particular subset of the contributions that are in a working state at the time of the release. Even if a Debian Developer's contributions are obstructed from inclusion in future releases, or if a Debian Developer commits suicide, their work is still present in all the past releases that have been published. My own contributions are included in a number of these Debian releases over the years. This report finds my name in changelogs and copyright files. There are 21 pages of results. § Shooting themselves in the foot⠀➾ To declare that the Debian Developers do not have authorship rights at all would be incredibly de-motivating. Future volunteers may be deterred from contributing their intellectual property and their time. § Legitimate interests: the Debian family fallacy⠀➾ Debian oligarchs repeatedly tell us that we are all a family. Evidence: Andrew_Cater_says_we_are_a_family. Evidence: Jonathan_Wiltshire_says_we_are_a_family. This is an implicit authorization to use the trademark. Consider the case of the British royal family. Prince Harry and Princess Meghan went onto Oprah Winfrey's talk show to talk about problems_in_the_family_business. We could say this is analogous to some of my blog posts about the problems_in_Debian, or the_FSFE_crisis and other free, open source software groups. Harry and Meghan were asked to stop using their His/Her Royal Highness (HRH) styles. Harry_was_banned from wearing military uniform at the funeral of the late Queen Elizabeth II. Yet they still have a legitimate interest in using the family name, Windsor. If Debian really is a family, and it certainly isn't an employer, we can all use the family name even if we are not willing to live with each other in the same castle. § Legitimate interests: the promise of recognition⠀➾ The misfits behind the WIPO insults do not pay the rest of us anything for our collaboration in creating the Debian software. They told us that the only thing we get in return for our creations is the recognition. They are now using the debian.org web site and the trademark to give people negative recognition. This is like bouncing a cheque. In the circumstances, it seems entirely appropriate for me to follow through on the promise of recognizing people. The misfits have provided a list of the domains along with the dates that each domain name was registered. On the list, the name debian.plus is the first name registered. debian.plus was registered for the purpose of delivering on the promise of positive recognition to the authors and our work. Evidence: my blog Modern_Slavery_&_Debian_Open_Source lists many of the promises of recognition in lieu of payment for our work. Debian promises recognition, I take the following quote from the latest Debian law suit where they admit using the promise of recognition to lure people into working for free: 64. ... un des avantages importants de travailler pour la communauté Debian est la valeur de sa réputation dans le domaine, à la fois professionellement et dans la communauté. ... The promise of recognition is repeated again here_in_the_Debian_wiki. The motivations of the authors also are varied, but the coin that they get paid in is often recognition, acclaim in the peer group, or experience that can be traded in in the work place The same thing appears in the page about_Debian_Membership: Debian has several types of association and membership for those who do wish to be recognised, or have rights within the project. For people promoting Debian, there is a template_for_giving_a_talk. It includes the comments: you are recognized for your contributions ... Did you ever have a boss who takes credit for your work? Not in Debian. In short, there is a big emphasis on working for recognition instead of a salary. They gave us the promise of recognition and that gives rise to a legitimate interest in using the trademark in domain names for web sites about our work. § Legitimate interests: promoting my creative efforts⠀➾ The scientologie.org UDRP verdict makes reference to the promotion of an author's work. This point was also emphasized by the legal panel considering previous Debian disputes. The panel wrote: Unlike the circumstances in Religious Technology Center v. Freie Zone E. V, supra the Respondent in the present case is not using the disputed domain name to disseminate information about its copyright work. All the web sites that have been started using these domains involve the promotion of my creative work in a Debian context. Several of the domain names have been chosen in recognition to my own work in specific areas of Debian. For example, the domains debian.chat, debian.finance and debian.video have already been started with information about my work on software relating to financial software, chat software and video software, as well as videos about my work. § Legitimate interest: EU whistleblower directive, raising workplace health & safety concerns⠀➾ In 2019, the European Union adopted the Directive_(EU)_2019/1937_of_the European_Parliament_and_of_the_Council_of_23_October_2019_on_the_protection_of persons_who_report_breaches_of_Union_law . The Debian_Social_Contract includes the clause: 3. We will not hide problems This clause appears completely compatible with the EU Whilsteblowing Directive. In fact, this clause appears to encourage and authorize whistleblowing. The fact that a Debian Developer wrote a combined_resignation/suicide_note_on the_night_before_Debian_Day makes it hard to ignore the possibility that his death is related to something in the Debian environment. Public Health England quantifies three_suicides_in_a_community as the minimum threshold to declare a suicide cluster. § Legitimate interest: redistribution of the Debian software is explicitly authorized⠀➾ The Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines and the Open_Source_Definition evolved together. One of the key pillars of both definitions is the authorization of free redistribution of the software. With this authorization, any person who obtains a copy of the software is entitled to redistribute it. The DebianProject.org domain name was registered to do exactly that, to redistribute copies of the Debian software. This activity has been authorized. Remarkably, in one of their claims submitted to another tribunal, the misfits explicitly describe a web site redistributing Debian as an outrageous crime, despite the fact the DFSG and the license statement referred to early explicitly authorize redistribution of genuine copies of Debian GNU/Linux. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇complaint about debiangnulinux.org⦈ Such a flagrant violation of the principles in the DFSG appears to be bad faith on the part of the complainant. § Legitimate interest: use of the logo is authorized⠀➾ The trademark holder has created a web page where they distribute_copies_of_the logo_in_many_different_electronic_formats. The page describes two versions of the logo, the open logo and the restricted use logo. The page gives a free-for-all license to use the open logo. The logo I am using on pages about my Debian work is the open logo. Here is the text of the authorization from the trademark holder: The Debian Open Use Logo comes in two flavors, with and without “Debian” label. The Debian Open Use Logo(s) are Copyright (c) 1999 Software in the Public Interest, Inc., and are released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3 or any later version, or, at your option, of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. § Legitimate interest: use of Debian-themed web page style⠀➾ The Debian web page style is used extensively on third party web sites run by individual co-authors and volunteers. At the bottom of every page on the main www.debian.org web site there is a link to a dedicated page about the licenses (authorization) to re-use the theme and content of www.debian.org. The license link goes to the page https://www.debian.org/license. The page includes the following authorization: Debian WWW Pages License Copyright © 1997-2024 Software in the Public Interest, Inc. and others SPI can be contacted at: 1732 1st Ave #20327 New York, NY 10128-5177 United States Since 25 January 2012, the new material can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the MIT (Expat) License or, at your option, of the GNU General Public License; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version (the latest version is usually available at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html). Work is in progress to make the older material compliant with the above licenses. Until then, please refer to the following terms of the Open Publication License. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, Draft v1.0 or later (you can read our local copy, the latest version is usually available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). “Debian” and the Debian Logo are trademarks of Software in the Public Interest, Inc. The complainant publishes the source code for the web site theme. This makes it easy for anybody empowered by the above license to download the theme and use it when creating their own site. At the bottom of every page on Debian.org, they promote the source code for the web site with a link text "Web site source code is available". Here is the link to download_source_code_for_the_theme_of_the_Debian.org_web site. § Legitimate interest: right of reply⠀➾ The misfits have been making gossip against my family and I long before I registered any Debian-related domain names. Notably, they use the Debian trademark and the Debian.org web site to add weight to their vendetta to humiliate volunteers and our families. They censor, threaten and blackmail anybody who dares to challenge their vendettas. "We are humiliating Bob this week, you can't talk to him or you are next". That is what it looks like when misfits blackmail other volunteers. Therefore, to respond to the vendettas published on Debian.org by operating similar web sites containing the name Debian feels entirely reasonable and proportionate as a right-of-reply by any co-author. § Bad faith: by the complainant, not me⠀➾ For a UDRP case to be successful, in addition to proving that there is similarity to the trademark and if the complainant somehow proves that there is no legitimate interest whatsoever, the complainant must also prove that there is bad faith in the use of the domain names. In this case, I believe the test for legitimate interest has already been satisfied and therefore, when legitimate interest exists, the panel does not make any inquiry into whether there is bad faith on the part of the domain name holder. Under the UDRP Rule 15(e), it is also vital for the legal panel to consider whether the complainant themselves is harassing the domain name owner or acting in bad faith. In other words, whether the complainant has deceived the panel, whether a complaint has been brought for the purpose of harassment or whether the complaint is part of a broader pattern of harassment against the domain name holder. Therefore, I simultaneously examine the attacks the complainant is making against my family and I, demonstrating not only that they are unjustified but also that by making these attacks, the Debian misfits themselves are clearly engaging in harassment and bad faith behavior. § Bad faith: no communication before opening the WIPO UDRP procedure⠀➾ The misfits did not make any attempt to contact me and propose a solution to the conflict. They unilaterally opened a dispute through the UDRP. Moreover, I had published a blog telling_people_that_I_would_consider_giving some_of_the_domains_away_to_people_who_have_similar_rights_derived_from_joint authorship. There have been many opportunities for them to communicate with me like a human being. They talk about Debian being a "family" but they pack together like gang rapists to pick off developers one at a time and attack us. They are bypassing any normal human communication because they want to cause the maximum amount of stress. They want WIPO to publish the name of my family in a negative context more than they want any of those domains. In such circumstances, they prove they are committing the act of harassment under UDRP rule 15(e) § Bad faith: lawyers get the lifejackets, Abraham Raji gets none⠀➾ In January 2023, I published a picture_of_our_crew_rowing_Head_of_the_Yarra. The guy sitting behind me won the award for Emergency Practitioner of the Year. He is just the type of person you would want to have around if somebody went missing in the water. But in all the years we did rowing, I don't remember anybody going missing. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Daniel Pocock, Yarra Yarra Rowing Club, Head of the Yarra⦈ A few months after I published that photo and Abraham_Raji disappeared and drowned on the DebConf day trip. According to the Wiki_page_for_the_day_trip, volunteers participated in a series of activities throughout the day. To participate in the final activity, the kayak, the volunteers were expected to pay an extra fee. People not paying the fee would be left alone to swim like Abraham Raji. In Australia, we all learn the basic rules of swimming. Never swim alone is one of those rules. Swim in the marked swimming areas. Debian people like to reinvent the wheel and find their own way of doing things. The DebConf organizers are particularly bad at this. People are constantly bike shedding about the costs of minor things. They tell the foreigners from poor countries that they have to pay_their_own_visa_fees. They expected the Indians to pay the supplement for going in a kayak, which comes with a life jacket, or be left alone. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Abraham Raji, Debian, DebConf, kayak, death⦈ But according to their own records, they paid over $120,000_to_lawyers_to attack_my_family_and_I. Paying the lawyers was more important than providing supervision or life jackets for victims like Abraham Raji. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Abraham Raji, Nihara, DebConf23, Debian, Kayak⦈ Given this vendetta has drained so much of the budget that somebody was left without a lifejacket and he died, it is clear to me that this vendetta is brought in bad faith and it violates UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: attacking a volunteer at a time of grief, disrespect for the sanctity of human life⠀➾ The complainant admits they began attacking my family and I in 2018 (evidence: screenshot of doxing messages from Chris Lamb further below). This was a time when I lost two family members and it was a disturbing time for my family and I for a range of reasons. I told fellow collaborators that I couldn't fully commit to some of my voluntary responsibilities at that time. (email_to_Molly_de_Blanc) At the same time, one of the issues causing controversy is the appearance of a Debian suicide cluster or an open source software suicide cluster. The attempt to minimize attention on individual suicides also has the effect of minimizing discussion about whether the combined body of deaths form a cluster. Public health authorities define_three_or_more_suicides_as_a_cluster. The public health authorities advise that clusters need special attention to avoid the risk of further deaths. Moreover, given the way that the Debian deaths intersect with my own family life, including the unexplained death_of_Adrian_von_Bidder_on_the_day_of_our wedding, a possible suicide, the grief and toxicity associated with these phenomena have inevitably become intertwined. This phenomena should be examined from an independent perspective, with a focus on the issues and not trying to misdirect attention towards a volunteer who expressed concerns about it. Forcing an individual volunteer to write about such phenomena under the threat that WIPO will denounce me is abhorrent. Given that we already have this unexplained Debian death on the very day of our wedding, which is a huge scar, how can they possibly be imposing more scars upon my life with the continued burden of public harassment on the Debian web site and through WIPO? It is too much and it has been going on for too long. Therefore, the bad faith is entirely on the part of those bullies forcing the matter before WIPO. § Bad faith: psychological torture / cybertorture⠀➾ In the role the community elected me to perform, I gave people accurate assessments of the FSFE as an organization. The people caught doing the wrong thing responded with personal attacks on my family and on me as an individual. It is entirely correct for us to scrutinize the functioning of a group or organization like that. It is wrong for such groups to turn on an individual volunteer. Prof Nils Melzer, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment has published a report on the practices of cybertorture and psychological torture. An_earlier_blog_post examines_the_phenomena_in_Debian. The insults submitted by the misfits write about excluding people. We saw similar tactics in the case of the "hooded_men" in Northern Ireland. The obsession with excluding and isolating people, which comes up frequently in online discussions between the enforcers, is truly evil. The defamation and insults created by the Debian misfits focus on a period when I lost two family members. By making repeated references to that period in 2018 they are seeking to trigger and exploit feelings of grief. This is the sort of deliberately cruel behavior envisaged by the UN special rapporteur. Given that the misfits used WIPO and the UDRP to transmit documents targetting a period of grief, this is an example of a complaint brought for the purposes of harassment in violation of UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: intent to use the domains for vendettas⠀➾ The misfits provided a copy of a previous UDRP censorship decree for a domain they seized. After seizing the domain, the misfits have not used the domain for any original purpose. They are only using the domain to publish insults and attacks against my family and I. Therefore, it would be reasonable to assume that any domains censored by this new UDRP case will also be weaponized against me. Given that they have already behaved like this before, with their use of debian.community, it would be no surprise if they continue that behavior with any other domains they steal. Therefore, their intention is to harass me, as prohibited by UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: voluntary work intertwined with our lives⠀➾ The work we do as open source software developers intersects with many other aspects of our lives. For example, when we participate in other voluntary groups in the real world, we often help them with their technology requirements. The solutions we provide often involve Debian and other free software products. When misfits start spreading rumors from Debian into social media networks, this is harmful to other groups where we participate and at the same time, it is harmful to our own personal lives, the places where we go to socialize away from our computers, the places where we go to exercize and so on. Evidence: Centenary_of_Federation_award. This intrusion on multiple aspects of our lives, both professional and personal, is not by accident, it has become a deliberate intention of the rogue leadership figures who engage in publicly humiliating volunteers. Therefore, given the impact that public denouncing us has on our lives, it is harassment and it violates UDRP rule 15(e) § Bad faith: suicide, stigma and tarnishing⠀➾ WIPO panelists are asked to consider whether the content of the web sites tarnishes a trademark. There is clearly a lot of stigma around suicides. It is inevitable that some tarnishing may occur when suicide is mentioned. Nonetheless, the panel needs to consider whether tarnishing is the lesser evil. The factual revelations of a suicide cluster do run the risk of tarnishing the Debian trademark, I am not going to dispute that. Yet the panel can not automatically conclude that tarnishing is done in bad faith. If the reason for publishing evidence related to a suicide cluster is in the interest of public health and preventing more suicides then it looks like tarnishing but it is NOT bad faith. Given the nature of suicide, there is simply no way to publish these public health concerns without the counter-accusations of tarnishing. In responding to the previous case of UDRP harassment by IBM Red Hat, in relation to the domain name WeMakeFedora.org, I made reference to the Holmes and_Rahe_Stress_Scale. The loss of a family member is one of the highest events on the scale, between 63 and 100 points. Significant attacks on the business, career or professional reputation are rated between 39 and 47. It is suggested that when these events and scores combine, for example, through bad luck or persistent harassment, overall scores over 300 are highly likely to have an impact on health. In other words, there is a higher risk of illness, accident and suicide for people subjected to stress of this level. The complainant is clearly aware of these arguments from the prior WeMakeFedora.org case so their decision to embark upon a copy-cat case and deliberately submit documents refering to 2018, the specific time when I lost two family members, appears to be a reckless and deliberate attempt to knowingly impose more pain on my family and I. Therefore, it is clearly a violation of UDRP rule 15(e), harassment and bad faith by those who initiated the procedure. § Bad faith: concealing risks to children⠀➾ When IBM Red Hat submitted their case in the UDRP, they included as evidence an example of content from the WeMakeFedora.org web site. The example included five blog posts and one of those was a blog that had originally been published by me and then automatically syndicated by WeMakeFedora.org. The blog that IBM Red Hat complained about and therefore wanted to censor was the blog post Google,_FSFE_&_Child_labor. FSFE is a non-profit puppet organization jointly funded by Google, IBM Red Hat and other large corporations. There are a subset of Debian co-authors who are also associated with FSFE. As the community had elected me as the FSFE Fellowship representative and as I had concurrently been a mentor and administrator in programs like Google Summer of Code (GSoC) and Outreachy, I had an important role to play documenting the risks to children. At the same time these risks to children began appearing in the world of open source software, the criminal procedure against Cardinal George Pell had been unfolding in Australia. As it turns out, a family member, some years younger than me, had been in the choir at the time that the late Cardinal Pell was Archbishop of Melbourne. I had personally been an officer of the National Union of Students (Victorian state branch) in 1999. As far as I can tell, I was the most senior student representative having contact with somebody in the choir at the very time that the late Cardinal was in charge. When I saw risks to children around the open source software world, how could I not express concerns? I had started doing voluntary work as a GSoC mentor in 2013. Therefore, I had five years experience of these programs when I came across the problems in Albania in the latter part of 2017. I used internal channels to raise concerns about the risk to minors. Complainants knew my concerns were based on long standing experience and on personal exposure to these situations. While credible organizations would have found a way to deal with these matters diplomatically, the complainants are simultaneously trying to both censor me and discredit anything I have to say about these risks. The fact that IBM Red Hat cited the child labor blog in their UDRP submission shows that is what they were trying to cover up. Their UDRP complaint was ruled an act of bad faith. This is the evidence_that_IBM_Red_Hat_submitted. It is clear that people around FSFE want to prevent discussion about child safety. The fact that I had both privately and publicly expressed concerns about the risk to children and the timing of Debian's UDRP action coincides so closely with IBM Red Hat makes me feel they are seeking to censor and undermine exactly the same concerns about risks to children. Looking at the way the FSFE's child labor program progressed, we can see that when the program finished, FSFE obfuscated the full names of the children who did the work. These children clearly have a copyright interest in the work they created. In other fields of endeavour we can see children receiving credit for their work under their full name. For example, look at the Jackson Five, where Michael_Jackson began performing under his real name from age five. The French pop singer Marina_Kaye (a stage name) appeared under her real name Marina Dalmas on France's Got Talent when she was thirteen years old. Yet the children who wrote code for FSFE are not given credit under their full names. Only_their_first_names_were_published. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇FSFE, YH4F, Ekaterina Radaeva, Katya Radaeva, Miquel Puig, Hector, Stavros Piperakis⦈ The trial of Cardinal Pell never proved whether abuse took place. What has been confirmed by medical evidence is that one member of the choir began substance abuse at approximately fourteen years of age. There are multiple possible explanations for the substance abuse. For some of the boys, participation is a burden and they never sing again after graduating from the school. The choir was associated with the pressure of maintaining a scholarship at one of Australia's most expensive schools. The FSFE YH4F program involved the pressure of competing for a financial prize. When somebody like me with exposure to both of these situations expresses concerns, why are these organizations so desperate to cover it up? The internal reports I submitted about harassment of women and risks to minors in 2017 are contemporaneous evidence of what really went on in proximity to the Outreachy funding in high risk countries like Albania. I was often the only mentor to personally witness the behavior of local men and women in these groups. In 2013, when the Australian government sought to humiliate Iranian women and migrants with a video, I loudly resigned my membership of the party. This was nine years before the rest of the world took a serious interest in the plight of Iranian women protesting against a headscarf Code of Conduct. Even more telling, my written concerns put the mistreatment of these women in the same category as the alleged abuse in the Catholic church. The concerns were captured_by_Crikey. Given my personal involvement as a witness over many years, my track record of being right about these things, sometimes well ahead of time and the track record of organizations trying to silence people who raise concerns about abuse, the attempts to discredit my testimony about these matters in proximity to GSoC and Outreachy is itself the act of bad faith, a violation of UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: companies trying to keep the real abuse reports in-house⠀➾ In the world of free and open source software, we have the unique phenomena of corporate employees working side by side with developers who work for competitors and also the unpaid volunteers. After the commmunity elected me as the FSFE Fellowship representative in 2017, I began to receive significantly more detail about wrongdoing that goes on in the world of free and open source software. It is understandably surprising and disturbing for some of the larger companies to discover that these reports about their employees were going to an external volunteer and not to their in- house human resources department. It is a useful moment to compare this situation to how it worked in the institutional abuse crisis. Australia's Royal Commission published many of the internal documents from the institutions concerned. One set of meeting minutes from the Archdiocese of Melbourne stands out. The Personnel Advisory Board (PAB), a group of highly trusted clergy who assist the Archbishop with the appointment of clergy to different roles, has realized that their board is too big and they need to create smaller sub-groups to handle the more sensitive cases. Father X____ raised the question of how much is told to whom. Father X____'s name appears frequently as somebody involved as an architect of the cover-up. His parish web site notes that he went into retirement in 2016. Coincidentally, that was the very moment the Royal Commission was seeking answers from Cardinal Pell. Miraculously, Father X____ reappeared very briefly in 2023 to give a sermon at the funeral of a relative in a tiny village that few people would have heard of outside the state of Victoria. The following month, three people from that obscure village died in a mysterious mushroom poisoning that made headlines around the world. Here is a snippet from the sermon, the man who moved pedophiles not only from one parish to another but also from one institution to another. He mentions a family connection with a_former_superintendent_of_An_Garda_Siochána (the Irish police). Video_here. By moving known pedophiles around, Father X____ enabled more abuse to take place and this resulted in more lives destroyed by overdoses and suicides. Those seeking to discredit a former community representative are acting a lot like the institutions in the abuse crisis. As the WIPO UDRP guidelines tell us, anything that tarnishes the brand of Debian or the church has to be censored and covered up. They are seeking to remove, censor and discredit me simply because people told me things I wasn't supposed to know. They would have preferred that some of these issues with women and children were only known to a select group of people appointed by the companies, just as the Personnel Advisory Board sought to limit knowledge of certain matters to the smallest possible sub-committee of clergy. While the move to keeping information in-house is understandable and many companies even have an obligation to do so due to the privacy rights of their employees, it is not acceptable that they retrospectively punish me for my knowledge of these things. If punishing me or discrediting me for that role is part of their objective, they are the ones behaving in bad faith, violating UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith should not be alleged against an individual volunteer⠀➾ Working in IT, our personal reputations for integrity are essential for us to feed ourselves and support those who depend on us. A bad faith finding is likely to cause significant harm to a volunteer's ability to seek employment, obtain credit and enter into insurance contracts. There have been complaints that WIPO panels have been making bad faith findings in cases that are ultimately about political speech rather than integrity of the publisher. This is very dangerous for personal victims of such findings and those who depend on such victims. Moreover, using the bad faith verdict arbitrarily cheapens the meaning of the term bad faith. It seems incredulous that a vindictive trademark owner can pay $1,500 to WIPO to make such an attack on a volunteer that will destroy that person's future and cause significant harm to those around them. It is even more abhorrent that they can do such a thing to somebody who has contributed decades of voluntary service and to somebody suffering the loss of two family members at a time of grief. Scrutiny should be turned around on those organizations who are exploiting our work and then menacing volunteers with the total loss of our livelihoods. § Bad faith can't be alleged when following a precedent⠀➾ If a domain name holder has been motivated to register and use a particular domain name based on the logic of previous UDRP decisions, it would be very unreasonable to find the domain name holder is acting in bad faith. There was widespread discussion of the scientologie.org verdict last time there were disputes about Debian domain names in 2022. Based on those discussions and my new awareness of the logic behind the scientologie.org verdict, I felt that I had very reasonable grounds to register some Debian domains for the purpose of promoting my work in Debian and for promoting Debian, our collective work, as a whole. Given that I was motivated by the precedent from another WIPO panel and there are good reasons for me to feel that I have legitimate interests on the same grounds, as somebody with a copyright interest, it is entirely unreasonable to accuse me of bad faith. § Bad faith: an ad hominem attack⠀➾ A_search_for_domain_names_containing_the_trademark_Debian_finds_over_2,500 domains_and_web_sites. Looking at the list of open disputes in the WIPO_UDRP_case_search, I can see that the list of domain names in dispute only has one thing in common: they are all owned by one person, me. It is clear they are not concerned about the content, they are concerned with attacking the person, me. Moreover, this ad hominem attack behavior has started before the registration of the domains and before the complaint. For example, the defamation statement submitted by the complainant is another example of an ad hominem attack. The statement is dated 2021, before all but one of these domains were registered. It shows that the complainant has a history of making ad hominem attacks with an intention to harm my family and I. An ad hominem use of the UDRP process is therefore harassment by the complainant and a violation of UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: complainant seeking revenge for whisteblowing about bad faith⠀➾ Insults submitted by the complainant as evidence show they started harassing my family and I in 2018. If we drill down, we find they started this harassment in September of that year. In April 2017, the FSFE members elected me as their Fellowship representative. There is a significant overlap between members of the FSFE (approximatley 1532 people at the time of the election) and co-authors of the Debian software. In the beginning of September 2018, in my role as Fellowship representative, I wrote_that_the_FSFE_was_acting_in_bad_faith by using a name derived from the real FSF. Various emails have since been published to prove_there_is_bad_faith and_that_both_the_FSF_management_and_the_FSFE_management_are_aware_of_the_bad faith. Of particular concern to me, as I expressed in the blog post from September 2018, a volunteer who had contributed a bequest of EUR 150,000 may have_been_fooled_by_the_bad_faith_of_FSFE. In other words, if the FSFE was not using a name similar to FSF, the volunteer may have given his bequest to the real FSF. Evidence: FSFE_election_result. If you hire an engineer to inspect a used car, you would hope that they would be able to verify basic things like the authenticity of the serial number (VIN) on the vehicle chassis. As the elected Fellowship representative, I had an obligation to report the FSFE was not what it claims to be. The money that volunteers and private individuals have contributed to FSFE over the years is far more than the value of most used cars. Therefore, in the case of FSFE, there is both evidence of bad faith and there is quantitative evidence, the_financial_reports, showing us the impact of that bad faith. The attacks against my family commenced immediately after I published the evidence of bad faith by FSFE. The email was sent to the LibrePlanet list on 11 September 2018 and the attacks began about one week later, as shown by the date of the email from Chris Lamb below on 20 September 2018. The attacks against my family and I are a predecessor of this harassment through the UDRP. It has been a continuous pattern of harassment over six years now. It appears that this harassment, of which the UDRP insults are just the latest instalment, is part of an overall reprisal for the reports I gave the community in my capacity as the Fellowship representative. Using the UDRP to insult and harass a volunteer community representative as a reprisal for performing their duties is clearly an act of harassment and bad faith as anticipated by UDRP rule 15(e). Evidence: email_from_Mirko_Bohm: I would like to thank you for your contributions to FSFE and for your commitment not to shy away from asking the difficult questions and calling out the need for change where it exists. § Bad faith: complainant reneges on their own Diversity Statement⠀➾ The pack adopted the Debian_Diversity_Statement by a General Resolution in which all the co-authors were invited to vote. The Diversity Statement begins with the line: The Debian Project welcomes and encourages participation by everyone. The insults that they submitted with the complaint, the defamation statement created by Donald Norwood in the Debian Press Team, contradicts their own Diversity Statement which was adopted by a General Resolution. Such a contradiction demonstrates a significant lack of integrity and their defamation statement should not be taken seriously. I informed people that I had resigned from some of my voluntary roles at a time when I lost two family members. Therefore, their behavior towards my family and I is not just a plain vanilla violation of the diversity statement, it is an aggravated violation. It is bad faith. § Bad faith: the complainant is gaslighting about authorship and membership⠀➾ The complainant appears to pivot back and forth between concepts from copyright law and from the law of associations. Consider the case when somebody begins contributing to Debian. There is no such thing as a "New member" process. Rather, it has historically been called the "New maintainer" process. We can see that clearly in the name_of_the_debian- newmaint_mailing_list. The word "maintainer" primarily implies somebody is doing creative work to select, coordinate and arrange more independent works into Debian. Then we have the guide for the New_Member_process, which was previously known as the New Maintainer process. In step 3, explained in that page, the new contributors are asked to agree to the Debian Social Contract, the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian Machine Usage Policy. The former is ultimately about our relation as authors, not as members and the terms under which we license our work to the rest of the world. The new maintainer/member guide doesn't ask people to ratify their adherence to the constitution. The notion of joining an association, whether it is incorporated or not, is inseparable from consenting to be governed by and uphold the association's constitution. The only people who ever ratified the constitution were 86_co-authors_in_1998_(23%_of_the_developers_at_that_time) who_wanted_to_have_a_constitution. Somebody who did not ask to be a member can't be expelled. Somebody who is not an employee can't be demoted or sacked. Yet we have seen some of the leadership figures insist on having these powers over a series_of_victims. The title Debian Project Leader implies just that: to lead, not to give orders. The insinuation that concepts of expulsions and demotions can be applied to co- authors is an example of gaslighting. Copyright law is very clear: co-authors of a work are equal. Notions of expulsions and demotions violate the principle of being equal. University of California: Each_joint_author_has_the_right_to_exercise any_or_all_of_the_exclusive_rights_inherent_in_the_joint_work The fact that they are knowingly and deliberately trying to obfuscate our moral rights as co-authors, giving us nothing in exchange for the status they are taking away, is an aggravating factor that justifies the finding of harassment and bad faith against the complainant. § Bad faith: use of an administrative process to extinguish the moral rights and recognition of co authors⠀➾ A recent paper in the University of Western Australia law journal examines the subject of Copyright_Nazi_Plunder:_How_the_Nazis_Aryanized_Jewish_Works. The paper notes that the Nazis used administrative law to frustrate the rights of authors, just as misfits are using a WIPO administrative process to harass and intimidate a Debian co-author. Quoting the journal article: Despite the fact that written IP legislation in Nazi Germany did not include specific exclusions for Jewish applicants and authors, in practice, they were excluded by administrative measures alone rather than legal ordinances. The misfits frequently use the same language, the word "exclude" comes up again and again. Harassment, UDRP rule 15(e) § Bad faith: Debian Trademark Policy never ratified⠀➾ Debian co-authors have never been asked to individually ratify the Debian Trademark Policy or any similar regulations. A trademark policy published unilaterally by the trademark owner can give people authorizations above and beyond fair use and legitimate interest. On the other hand, such a policy can not unilaterally erode the default rights to fair use and legitimate interest. Hypothetically, the complainant could ask co-authors to sign some agreement waiving our fair use rights. This may happen in the context of employment, where those who receive a salary agree to forego other rights. Debianists do not pay us a salary and they did not ask us to individually ratify any agreement waiving our fair use rights. They have never tried to do this. The only agreement they ever asked each and every one of us to individually ratify is our adherence to the Debian Machine Usage Policy and to the Debian Social Contract. Therefore, in my role as a co-author, I am not bound by any restrictions unilaterally imposed upon us by the Debian Trademark Policy and only the normal rules of fair use and legitimate interest can be considered in this dispute. Moreover, it is bad faith by the complainant to simultaneously insist that they can expel somebody, which is really a nonsense concept in terms of joint authorship rights, as such rights can't be extinguished and then insist that the people supposedly expelled will still remain bound by rules from above that only apply in the context of being a member of their clique. § Bad faith: complainant reneges on existing authorizations⠀➾ As noted in the statements on legitimate interest, the complainant has clearly authorized many of the things they complained about. The Debian Social Contract, which states "We will not hide problems", authorizes discussion of controversial technical, social and ethical topics. In fact, it is more than an authorization, it encourages such discussions and publications. Therefore, their complaining about what is published on these web sites is itself an act of bad faith. They authorized use of the logo, as discussed, so their complaining about use of the logo is itself bad faith. They put the web site theme and content under the open source licenses, as discussed above, so their complaining about sites with a similar appearance is itself bad faith. Overall, for their claim of bad faith to supercede these authorizations, they would have to demonstrate some extraordinary acts of wrongdoing, for example, to show that a web site was using the trademark, domain name and logo to distribute a virus. They provide no evidence of such wrongdoing. § Bad faith: the complainant's evidence⠀➾ They submit many boilerplate documents containing copies of the domain and trademark registrations. On top of that, they only submit three other documents. One of those is the copy of a judgment from a previous Debian dispute. The judgment expresses concern about some specific images on another web site. The complaint does not provide any examples of those images or any similar content on any of my own Debian web sites. Therefore, this judgment can't be extrapolated to content on my own web sites. They provide a copy of biographical information about me from my company web site. This is not published on one of the domains in dispute so it is not relevant. By providing this, they are insulting me. Looking at the very first archived copy of an email from the debian-project_mailing_list_in_1994, we find that Debian co-authors are using the term Debian Developer four years before there was a trademark. That is four years before the Debian Project constitution. The term Debian Developer is completely valid for somebody who has done significant creative work over many decades. In plain English, the term Debian Developer can mean three things: somebody who possesses the skill of creating Debian software, somebody who has an authorship interest in the Debian software and thirdly, but lastly, somebody who is a member of the clique. Copyright law does not require somebody to be a member of the clique. I never joined the Debian Project Unincorporated Association, I have always used the term Debian Developer first and foremost to describe myself as an author with moral rights in the creative work. Given that they have taken this text from a web site that is not even part of the dispute, I feel the legal panel would be best to avoid getting involved in this aspect of the dispute. The third document they provide is a defamation they created themselves. They are clearly hoping to have WIPO republish insults and defamation to cause some sort of harm to my ability to work and feed myself. They allege that there was some issue of harassment but do not provide any details. They claim it was in the year 2018, a period when I lost two family members. Their insistence on twisting a knife in my back at such a time only proves bad faith on their part. In various ways, we can see that the document they submitted is a fraud that has the possibility of deceiving the WIPO legal panel. For starters, the harassment began in 2017. Even the year specified in their evidence is wrong. Therefore, the evidence they are submitting is a deliberate deception that tries to invert the story. Here_is_the_internal_report_about_the_harassment. The date is 12 October 2017 so the misfits are clearly lying to the WIPO legal panel. I have redacted the section that identifies underage victims. The_next_internal_email from Larissa Shapiro at Mozilla admits that kids are at risk. Emma_Irwin_from_Mozilla_admits_this_is_a_serious_matter and asks me to speak to Marta, Mozilla's HR investigator. There you have it. The most senior student representative to have had contact with a member of the choir in the era of Cardinal Pell has subsequently arrived in Albania and correctly and discretely raised the alarm about pimps and pedophiles using funds from Mozilla, IBM Red Hat and other tech companies to bait their child victims and young women. It is creepy how the complainants deception about the dates and details mirrors the case of the Swiss_JuristGate_scandal. The Swiss financial regulator, FINMA, has published a summary of their decision_to_shut_the_rogue_firm. In the summary of the decision, not only does FINMA redact the names of those responsible for ripping off the customers, FINMA even redacts the dates. One of the reasons FINMA is redacting the dates is to hide how long the regulator and the bar association really knew about the scandal. The hidden dates are examined_in_more_detail_in_my_first_blog_post_about_Juristgate. Here is a screenshot from the FINMA document showing where the year is obfuscated / redacted: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇FINMA, Parreaux Thiébaud & Partners, Justicia SA, Justiva SA, Mathiee Parreaux⦈ The FSFE Fellowship elected me as a community representative in April 2017. Shortly after that, women in Albania confided in me about the incidents of harassment. I traveled there again to help organize a MiniDebConf and Fedora Women's day and in the process, I became a witness to acts of harassment and a serious possibility of underage abuse. All of this clearly began in 2017 but the defamation created by Debian seeks to obfuscate the year and the source of the harassment. They completely fail to thank me for the effort I made supporting these women. This was an effort above and beyond what had been anticipated when I volunteered to speak at the conference in Albania. At the time, I had confided in the women that I was watching these matters very carefully because one of my cousins, who is much younger than me, had been in the St Patrick's cathedral choir during the time Cardinal George Pell was Archbishop of Melbourne. The Pell case was one of the most high profile allegations of abuse in the Catholic Church. The Royal Commission notes in their report that of 15,000 victims who contacted them, the_Catholic_Church_was implicated_in_far_more_cases_than_all_the_other_religions_combined. In the meantime, Carla had also written about her eating disorder on her web site. Research estimates that at least thirty percent of women with these conditions have been victims of harassment or abuse in childhood. Various people appeared to resent the fact that women had given evidence about an (IBM Red Hat) Fedora Ambassador and Mozilla Tech Speaker to an independent, elected community representative who was not under any obligation of confidentially to the companies funding the Albanian groups. In other words, these companies would have prefered to see the women reporting scandals through internal company channels. Shortly after I received this information from women, the FSFE revised their constitution to remove_their_annual_elections_and_ensure_there_would_never_be any_other_community_representative_again. The complete removal of the election and the representative position proves that this wasn't about any failing on my own part, this was about the companies behind FSFE wanting to ensure that complaints about their people wouldn't reach any independent outsider who might be elected next. At the end of the process, Mozilla produced a report about the harassment. I have never been given a copy of the report and the complainant has not submitted the report either. I don't feel the complaint should be taken seriously at all unless all parties, including the legal panel, are granted access to all these original, contemporaneous documents about the origins of the harassment and my support for the victims. Evidence: Mozilla_confirms_a_report_was_produced_about_the_harassment_and abuse. Meanwhile, at the very same time as the Cardinal Pell trial was progressing in Australia, family and friends were shocked to see mysterious references to abuse circulated on social media. I don't even have any social media accounts myself so I only started hearing about these character assassination plots from witnesses who saw the smears. Cardinal Pell was convicted in December 2018 and a few weeks later, in January 2019, Joerg Jaspert of the Debian Account Managers team put mysterious_references_to_abuse_in_one_of_our_Debian_source code_repositories. One of the findings from the Royal Commission states that abuse_survivors_who came_forward_took_an_average_of_23.9_years_to_talk_about_what_happened_to_them. Having attended a Catholic school in the same neighborhood and having multiple connections with fellow alumni and the diocese, it would not be a surprise for me if any one of the people I know might reveal themselves to be connected with the scandal at some point in the future. Moreover, two of my cousins passed away far too young. It is so shocking for me to see how these dirty men are playing these games with the subject of abuse. At the time that Joerg Jaspert started making these privacy violations, he was on the school council at Dalbergschule in Fulda, Germany. Local magazines published a photo of him in a Debian t-shirt with_other_parents_Claudia_Beck and_Ina_Riechert. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Claudia Beck, Jörg Jaspert, Ina Riechert⦈ How can the other parents and staff trust this dirty man with any sensitive topics when he runs around spreading gossip about abuse in the debian-private world? Given that background, I find it abhorrent that these silly people claim to be victims of abuse when what really happened is they got caught doing the wrong thing. By claiming to be victims of harassment and abuse, by hijacking and distorting the language of sexual misconduct they are asking us to exhibit the same sympathy for long-distance peeping toms at Google as we would for those 15,000 child victims. Here is another example of Debianists pretending to be part of the sexual crimes detective unit and circulating gossip as if it was truth. The email is written by Russell Coker, a Debian Developer in Australia, half way around the world from where the rumors started in Berlin. How could he write such forceful words about Dr Appelbaum when it is something he had no way to see? This shows how Debianists use their titles and their trademark to make stuff up and then give weight to defamation. This type of rogue behavior makes it even harder for the community to know when real victims take the difficult step of coming forward with real reports of abuse. Evidence: Russell_Coker_fabricating_rape_stories. § Bad faith: deliberately conflating different types of harassment and abuse⠀➾ The complainant frequently raises concerns about "harassment" and "abuse" whenever somebody asks a question they don't want to reply to. Yet it doesn't stop there. Not only do they claim to be victims of "harassment" and "abuse", they deliberately seek to conflate different meanings of these words. It works a bit like the game of Chinese Whispers. The classic example was the lynching of Dr Jacob Appelbaum. One person posted messages about "harassment". Somebody else who wasn't actually there extrapolated that into "sexual harassment". Then another person who was all the other way over the other side of the world in Australia forcefully writes that it was a "rape". Evidence: Chinese Whispers and liars rehearsing_stories_about_Dr_Appelbaum. The word "abuse" is used in much the same way. Somebody asks a question about the bank account. The question is disparaged as an unqualified example of "abuse". Later, somebody adds a prefix, people mention "sexual abuse". But there is nothing sexual about asking why somebody's girlfriend got paid to do work that other volunteers do for free. We saw them using this word game in relation to Prof Eben Moglen recently. Evidence: Matthew_Garrett_(Debian)_spreading_abuse_rumors_against_Prof_Moglen Not only are they trying to defame the person asking a serious question but we also have to remember that when people try to portray themselves as victims of "abuse", they are siphoning off a little bit of credibility from the real victims, like those incredibly young boys and girls who made complaints about institutional abuse. The pretend victims and their antics dilute the credibility of the real victims. Most healthy people are turned off by discussions like this. Yet there is a subculture around Debian, a subgroup of volunteers who appear to take some voyeuristic interest in making these word games with references to abuse, the type of thing we see in the blog post by Matthew Garrett. Just how did Garrett become an expert on abuse? These comments about the phenomena may appear quite strong and defamatory at first glance but the evidence is already public. Have a look at the controversy about the package with the name "weboob". According to reports, the source code is laced with crude references to women. The package was discussed on debian- private. Quite a few Debian men, like Axel Beckert, a system administrator at the ETH Zurich university, defended the package during his working hours. Subject: Re: weboob package Date: Fri, 13 Jul 2018 14:29:58 +0200 From: Axel Beckert Organization: The Debian Project To: debian-private@lists.debian.org Hi, Jonathan Dowland wrote: > Yesterday I stumbled across the "weboob" package for the first time, > which includes a slew of binaries with names similar to the following: [...] So what? I don't see any problem with that. (And I don't see why there's a thread on debian-private about it.) Regards, Axel -- ,''`. | Axel Beckert , https://people.debian.org/~abe/ : :' : | Debian Develoober, ftp.ch.debian.org Admin `. `' | 4096R: 2517 B724 C5F6 CA99 5329 6E61 2FF9 CD59 6126 16B5 `- | 1024D: F067 EA27 26B9 C3FC 1486 202E C09E 1D89 9593 0EDE § Bad faith: timing of harassment⠀➾ In each case, we can see that one of the Debian oligarchs has engaged in some form of behavior that involves bullying or harassing a volunteer and the disclosures about bullying have only happened subsequent to that. The vendettas began in September 2018. The complainant has submitted their case of debian.community and we can see that the domain name debian.community was only registered in October 2019, more than 13 months after the Debian Project Leader started spreading gossip about multiple volunteers. In April 2021, I incorporated_a_new_company to promote my work. In November 2021, the misfits began distributing their defamation statement about my family and I as a reprisal. It appears the misfits are jealous that I could start my own company and they wanted to destroy it. In Australia, we call this the Tall Poppy_Syndrome. In June 2021, one of the women was caught trying to start rumors about me having a relationship with a female intern. The same woman was caught again trying to start rumors in the same chat channel in July 2022. In March 2023, I created a web site Outreachy.Dating with proof that the rumors are false. I did not spontaneously decide to go and create the Outreachy.Dating web site. The site only came into existence as a right of reply to the pre-existing campaign of gossip against my interns, my family and I. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Ariadne Conill⦈ As already described in a previous section, when we agreed to create Debian together, we agreed to uphold the Debian Social Contract, which includes the commitment 3. We won't hide problems. In 2018 and 2019, oligarchs started hiding the blogs of some co-authors. The same phenomena occurred in the Fedora Linux community. I have only had to register domain names like Debian.News and WeMakeFedora.org in response to the censorship of some blogs. I did not just wake up one day and spontaneously decide to create these domain names, I was motivated to do so because the censors violated our existing rules of engagement, the Debian Social Contract and the Fedora Foundations. § Bad faith: Debian's violent history of intolerance⠀➾ Despite all the grand statements about the Code of Conduct, Respect and Diversity, the Debian people are highly intolerant. It has always been this way and there is plenty of evidence. Consider 2006, the violent expulsion of Ted Walther from DebConf6 dinner in Mexico. Somebody started a rumor that his dinner guest was a prostitute. Nobody checked the facts. People physically pushed him out the door and nearly threw him down the steps. Evidence: debian-private_leaks_about_the_DebConf6_assault Instead of spending $120,000 on lawyers, they could have simply apologized to my family for violating our privacy. But they are paying all this money to rewrite history. They are paying the lawers all this money to insist that the petty little word choice issues that their small minds are preoccupied with are more significant than things like the death of my father. § Bad faith: blackmailing people to disclose personal and private information⠀➾ Whenever people come across the Debian smearing campaign through social media and they ask me about the rumors of harassment and abuse, the first things that come to mind are those cases that arose at the time. The poor behavior I witnessed towards women from Albania, Carla's eating disorder and the prosecution of Cardinal George Pell. Other volunteers have made similar complaints about being blackmailed to make public statements and disclose things about themselves. Bradley Kuhn of the Software Freedom Conservancy has recently complained that he was blackmailed to publicly disclose things_about_his_romantic_life_and partner_preferences. Kuhn: As such, I'm outing myself here first (primarily) to disarm his ability to use what he knows about my sexual orientation against me. In 2019, we saw that Dr Norbert Preining was blackmailed to write_a_self- deprecating_forced_confession_on_a_public_mailing_list. When I saw that Dr Preining and I had been subject to similar blackmail tactics, I felt that I was being expected to make a similar public statement about matters that belong in private. In the case of Bradley Kuhn, his disclosures relate to himself. In my own case, in all cases of harassment and abuse where I have been a witness, it is unthinkable that I should be forced by these rumors to make disclosures about other people. Therefore, when I published the Mozilla examples above, I partially redacted them to avoid revealing the names of underage open source software victims. Nonetheless, I didn't voluntarily choose to publish responses to gossip about abuse. They are using the WIPO UDRP to blackmail me to publish comments about abuse cases. Therefore, they are violating UDRP rule 15(e). § Bad faith: destroying our portfolio of work⠀➾ In some industries, it is common for practitioners to carry a portfolio of their work. For example, photographers, architects and similar professionals often rely on such a portfolio to show potential clients what they are capable of. In computing, prospective employers and clients look at the portfolio of our work in Debian and other free software projects. Replacing that portfolio with insults and defamation is akin to setting the portfolio on fire. Once again, this appears to be the intention of the misfits behind the complaint. By publishing attacks on my family and demanding a verdict of bad faith, they are trying to further undermine the credit I deserve for decades of work involving free and open source software. It is harassment in violation of UDRP Rule 15(e). § Bad faith: how many Debian Developers really committed suicide?⠀➾ We can look at the list_of_Debian_Developers_and_filter_the_list_by_"Current status". There are 972 Debian Developers listed with the status "Debian Developer, uploading". These are people considered to be active. When people resign/retire, their status is changed to "Emeritus". There are 449 Debian Developers with status Emeritus. The status "Removed" is distinct from the status "Emeritus". There are 272 Debian Developers with status "Removed". This list includes people who have died, it includes victims who have been disappeared and it includes people who have failed to respond to any attempts to communicate. Some of these people may have been participating under a fake identity. Some of them may have become fed up with the politics and walked away without saying goodbye. Some of these 272 people that we can't account for may have joined the suicide cluster. Public health statistics tell us that only_one_in_four_suicide_victims_leave_a note. In a large enough group of people, for every one person who leaves_notes like_Frans_Pop, it seems like a reasonable hypothesis that there are three more who we don't know about because they didn't leave a note. Ian Murdock left notes on social media. Richard_Rothwell_left_notes. With or without a note, in this list of 272 people "Removed", there will be many more we don't know about because their families would never think to tell us. How many of these 272 vanished after some secret humiliation on the debian- private mailing list? How many bloggers have committed suicide after WIPO denounced them with accusations of bad faith? § Bad faith: deceiving the previous WIPO panel⠀➾ The misfits have clearly deceived the previous WIPO panel on certain issues. One of those issues is their claim that Albanian women paid to travel to Brazil were junior female developers. I was a mentor and administrator in both the Google Summer of Code and Outreachy programs over a number of years from 2013 to 2018. In that role, I interacted with many of the prospective interns, both male and female. I was involved in creating tasks that we asked the applicants to perform to test their skills and demonstrate their motivation during the selection process for these internships. I observed the effort that each applicant made, whether they were male or female. There were definitely women who did a very high standard of work. However, there were other women who did not do any software development and we can see now in hindsight that some of those women still haven't done any software development despite hanging around the open source communities for almost a decade. Therefore, the claim that every woman was a junior female developer was not true. Some women were junior female developers, the rest we could not refer to with the term developer. We can see that the panel was deceived about the origins of references to branding in the nether regions. This controversy, which was mentioned in the panel's finding against another domain, is rooted in the manner in which the misfits created rogue commits in source code repositories on the anniversary of our wedding. Specifically, we completed a civil wedding on 23 September 2010 and then we completed the religious ceremony a few months later on 17 April 2011. Here is the civil wedding certificate: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇marriage_date⦈_ Here we can see the rogue commit in the Debian keyring repository, on the date of the civil wedding, overlaid with the photo of genital branding from NXIVM. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇ebian, NXIVM⦈ Given the way this extreme harassment simultaneously intrudes on both my professional life and my family life, I find these images even more horrific than they were for the WIPO panel. Nonetheless, the images of genital branding are as relevant as they are horrific when you consider the deliberate way these misfits impose on our lives and our reputations. Here is the date of the religious ceremony on my wedding ring, alongside the tombstone of Adrian von Bidder, secretary of Debian.ch who died in what appears to be a possible suicide on exactly the same day, 17 April 2011: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Adrian von Bidder tombstone⦈ What an incredibly toxic culture the Debian misfits are trying to hide with this WIPO UDRP vendetta. The misfits have made multiple intrusions in the lives of volunteers. While the scars are not identical, the mentality behind those scars is much the same. In both Debian and NXIVM, some of the people feel they have a sense of entitlement to impose upon all aspects of our lives and our future, whether it is through branding, through gossip or through demanding that WIPO denounces individual volunteers. § Bad faith: using WIPO and an Albanian gangmaster to defame me⠀➾ I previously documented how I was a witness to acts of harassment and the risks to underage participants by two Albanian men. I attached the emails showing how this was raised through internal channels at Mozilla. When Chris Lamb decided to attack me on our wedding anniversary, he actually used Elio Qoshi, the Albanian bringing a sixteen year old girlfriend to tech conferences, to distribute the messages about the vendetta. At the time, I was with one of the victims. Women who had worked with me personally had been surprised to see Lamb colluding with these Albanian gangmasters. I took a photo of the message that the Albanian forwarded from Lamb to the phones of female victims: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Chris Lamb doxing screenshot⦈ It is an extraordinary example of corruption. When I saw Chris Lamb colluding with Elio Qoshi to denounce me at such a painful time for my family, I couldn't help thinking of men like Jimmy Saville and Rolf Harris collaborating in their crimes. When I challenged Lamb about these messages in December 2018, he_publicly denied_sending_them,_a_lie_to_the_whole_community. Chris_Lamb: You are well-aware that I have been nothing but scrupulous and gentlemanly with regards to your personal privacy and thus ... The dishonesty of these misfits is as extraordinary as the intrusion into the family lives of volunteers. As Debian is an operating system, it is relied upon as the foundation for so many other things that people do with their computers both in industry and in private. In other words, people put a lot of trust in the operating system but we can't trust the people making it. Here we have caught the then leader of Debian using a common garden variety Albanian pimp to spread rumors about a long standing volunteer and also publicly lying about the matter. Now these dirty little men aspire to exploiting a WIPO panel in the same way they used this Albanian gangmaster to denounce my family and I on the anniversary of our wedding. As mentioned earlier, the deadline set by WIPO was Carla's birthday. █ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡟⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡟⠻⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣴⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡥⣤⢿⢿⣤⣤⣤⣦⠤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣧⡤⣼⡿⣤⣽⣿⡤⣤⣥⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⠤⣿⣧⣤⣤⣿⣿⣤⣤⣿⡧⣄⣠⣤⣼⣿⣤⣼⣿⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣄⣰⣤⣧⣤⣴⣧⣤⣠⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣇⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣼⣀⣠⣠⣀⣸⣀⣀⣠⡀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣄⣀⣸⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣸⣀⣤⣇⣀⡇⣀⣁⢀⣀⣀⣹⣇⣸⣐⡁⣀⣀⣀⣇⣂⣀⣁⣁⣈⣏⣁⣃⣁⣈⣈⣀⣁⡀⠁⣈⣀⣁⣈⣘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⡙⠋⡉⠉⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠙⡏⠉⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠋⠙⠋⠙⡟⠋⠛⢻⠛⠋⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⡭⣭⣿⣯⠉⠉⠹⢿⡿⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠗⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣶⡿⣿⣷⣤⣆⠚⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣏⠛⠛⠻⣿⣦⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⠀⠁⢤⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⡶⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣠⣤⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠖⠒⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠛⠻⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠯⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡋⠒⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡀⡀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⠍⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠁⠀⢑⡄⠀ ⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠶⣶⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠉⡉⢉⣴⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣷⠆⡆⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣑⣶⣶⣀⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⣾⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣧⡃⠹⡄⢀⠀⠀⢧⣄⢰⡖⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣻⣿⣿⡶⣶ ⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣀⠀⠻⠐⠲⣤⣀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠈⣡⣦⣤⣾⣿⠉⢻⣿⠄⠈⣻⣿⡆⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⡞⣀⣺⣿⠋⠹⣷⠀⢰⣿⣷⣶⡿⣷⣯⣀⣴⣿⣦⣠⣾⣿⡏⢻⣿⠇⠻ ⣦⡀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣟⣬⣴⣶⡄⢠⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⢿⡙⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠁⠈⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠛⡯⢋⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠈⠉⠀⠈⣿⣿⡿⠀⠘⡿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣤⣤⡀ ⢛⣀⣿⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢓⣴⣾⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⢻⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠻⠟⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⢽⣆⠀⠉⣸⣿⣿⢻⣿⣷⣅⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷ ⣾⣯⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⢹⣿⣿⣇⣴⣿⣿⠇⠁⣀⣿⣿⢿⣤⠤⠴⣿⡿⠿⣥⣀⣀⣹⣿⣿⡿⠗⠀⠀⡄⡟⠁⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⠉⠁⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⠟⢡⣿⣿⠟⡟⣟⢫⣭⣽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢠⣿⣿⠋⣿⢿⡿⣆⣀⣀⣰⣾⡿⠿⢀⣂⣿⣿⣿⣛⣉⣀⣀⣴⣿⣿⠁⢸⠑⠀⣼⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⢠⣬⣉⡉⠉⠉⢒⡚⠒⠒⠒⠻⢿⡿⠟⣤⣭⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉⢛⣋⡛⠛⠚⡒⠚⢺⡿⠏⣷ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⠏⠀⠇⣿⡍⠈⠉⠉⢰⣗⡆⠀⠀⠀⠠⡤⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⣬⣍⢉⡉⠉⠉⠿⠏⢉⡟⣛⠐⠒⠚⠚⠛⠓⠒⠒⠚⠛⠂⠴⠬⠤⠬⠥⠤⠿⠿⠥⠄⠀⠩⢍⣉⣉⣙⡛⠒⠓⠒⠲⠾⠷⠶⠚ ⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣋⣁⣸⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠸⢇⠠⠤⠤⠤⠿⢃⣀⠀⠀⠰⠷⠦⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠋⠄⠒⠛⠛⠛⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠨⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣤⣠⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣹⣟⣋⣉⣋⣋⣉⣙⣙⠛⣉⣫⣋⣛⣉⣍⣙⣉⡙⣭⡝⣉⣏⣛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣉⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠬⠽⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠂⠀⠐⢀⡍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⣶⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠲⠖⢶⡖⠖⢶⡖⠲⠖⠖⠲⠲⣶⣶⠄⠀⠄⡄⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡝⠛⠋⣛⣋⡻⠛⢛⠋⣿⣿⣟⢝⡭⣿⣿⣟⣩⠛⢛⠛⡍⡝⡋⢛⣿⣿⣯⢩⢛⠿⠻⡋⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣼⣷⣷⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⡻⢹⠟⣯⠻⣛⣿⠻⡟⡻⠛⣟⢛⡋⡛⢿⡛⢛⢻⢿⡻⠛⡿⢉⣿⢻⡋⡛⠟⡟⡛⠋⣿⠿⠟⢛⠛⢟⠏⠻⡏⠿⢹⢟⢻⡟⢻⠛⢛⢹⡻⡻⠛⢻⡛⢻⢙⠙⡛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣤⣶⣾⣿⣷⣴⣼⣿⣶⣶⣧⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣶⣧⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢻⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡗⠓⠾⠒⠺⢾⡲⠓⠾⡒⡒⣓⠖⠶⣲⢟⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠲⠵⢷⡆⠶⢖⡶⠿⢶⡖⠻⢛⢶⠶⢷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡓⠾⠖⠾⠷⢾⠲⠷⠶⠞⠷⠶⡶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢶⡶⠶⠶⠾⠶⠴⣶⠶⠶⢶⠷⢿⢻⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣷⠶⢶⠶⡶⢶⠷⠾⠶⠾⠶⠿⠷⡶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⠷⢾⠷⢾⡶⠶⡶⢶⢶⠶⠶⠷⢶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠷⠷⠶⡷⠧⠼⠷⠶⡷⡶⠾⢲⠷⠶⠶⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⡾⠶⠶⡷⢾⡶⠶⡶⢶⠼⡶⠿⠴⢶⠶⠶⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⠷⠾⠶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⢶⣶⢾⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡯⢦⢴⢴⣤⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣿⡄⣵⣴⣤⢧⣦⣬⣼⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡷⢼⣥⣤⣥⣽⣽⣴⡤⢬⣽⡴⣥⣦⡤⣥⣤⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣷⣤⣤⣤⣴⣼⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣵⣤⣧⣼⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣧⣤⣊⣈⣋⣋⣈⣉⣉⣁⣁⣉⣉⣉⣉⣘⣁⣛⣉⣉⣈⣁⣈⣐⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣍⣋⣻⡝⣙⣙⣯⣏⣉⣙⣽⣏⣹⣘⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣧⣉⣈⣇⣈⣝⣀⣑⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣟⣍⣉⣉⣉⣏⣈⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣯⣋⣋⣯⣋⣉⣉⣅⣉⣹⣩⣉⣩⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣏⣋⣉⣩⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣋⣝⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣟⣉⣉⣏⣋⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣟⣉⣋⣩⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣏⣋⣍⣍⣙⣹⣉⣏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡅⠃⠁⣽⡿⢋⢹⣟⣿⣟⢇⠨⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠁⠀⢍⠁⣄⡈⡤⢿⡭⠄⠰⣘⡢⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠁⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢬⠵⠘⠺⢿⣿⣷⡤⠂⠀⠀⠠⠮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⠤⠤⠀⠼⡷⡉⢽⣈⠒⠄⢀⢸⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠇⠀⠀⢀⠇⢐⠂⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠙⠂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⢤⡭⠁⠈⠐⠰⣒⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠄⠀⠁⢁⣀⡲⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠷⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣥⠈⠀⠞⠻⠊⠑⠛⠛⠚⠻⠶⠋⠃⠃⢸⠘⠁⠈⠈⠉⠛⢻⠃⠁⠘⠋⠀⠈⡉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠙⠋⠀⠈⠑⠀⠸⠿ ⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⣶⣻⡇⠀⣘⠣⣀⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢴⠤⠄⣀⣄⡤⢐⠂⠀⠀⣀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡄⠤⠤⠤⠬⠭⢩⠅⠁⠍⠉⠉⡉⢉⢁⡁⣀⡰⣄⡷⠉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡈⢉⣀⠃⡀⢀⣀⣂⣀⠨⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣧⡀⠂⠠⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⠠⠂⠄⠀⠄⣄⣀⣰⣀⣀⣥⣠⣌⣀⣀⣶⣰⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣰⣇⣾⣿⣿⣿⢀⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢔⡔⠂⠠⡀⠀⠈⠻⣷⣄⣤⢤⣔⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡆⠉⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣀⣀⠀⡀⢤⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠘⡁⠄⡤⠶⣬⠼⣭⣾⣧⢳⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠛⠚⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣥⣼⢑⠔⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠢⠞⢄⣺⣷⢒⣶⢗⣈⣰⣄⢢⣶⡷⠬⠁⠀⠀⠠⠭⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠇⡈⣿⣿⢰⣖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠻⠬⠷⠤⠦⢴⢶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⡀⣮⣞⣩⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⡖⠶⢒⡝⣛⢳⣴⣿⣉⣉⢌⣒⣶⡖⢂⣥⣤⣴⣖⣿⠿⣿⣯⣿⠽⣿⡀⠉⠈⠩⢀⣀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣦⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣥⣡⣺⣭⠬⡉⣋⡚⠣⠒⣓⣭⡌⡉⣵⣂⣚⣿⣮⣶⣿⣿⣷⢶⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⢰⠘⠈⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡤⠦⣶⣲⣼⢾⡿⡿⣯⣎⣺⣦⢚⠭⣭⣥⣤⣾⣿⢽⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠄⠠⠿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿ ⣭⣧⠵⡬⢷⣿⣟⣻⣦⡤⡶⡽⣿⢏⠙⠿⠹⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠚⠒⠒⠒⠶⠒⠒⠒⠙⡉⠩⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡼⠅⠵⠿⠶⠾⡶⣖⣾⣭⣯⡭⠶⡾⠿⠾⠷⣾⢧⣤⣶⣷⣅⣀⣀⣡⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⡀⣠⡤⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣒ ⠛⠿⢗⣲⣾⣷⣶⣮⣥⣶⣿⡛⢿⣿⡯⠿⢿⣯⣯⡥⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣞⠖⣀⡭⣭⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⣊⡭⣾⠿⢛⣛⣛⣉⠭⠽⠷⣌⡱⠄⠈⢹⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣯⣵⣟⣿⣽⣿⣼⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶ ⣊⡃⣜⣛⡳⢒⣻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣥⠤⠴⠠⠨⣛⣶⣉⣤⣾⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⢛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣏⣭⣿⣿⣽⣹⣻⣻⣏⣛⣻⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣷⣀⣿⣷⣹⣿⣧⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣼⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣾⣿⣯⣸⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠻⠿⡟⠻⠿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⡿⡟⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠻⠿⠟⡿⢟⠟⠿⠿⢿⣟⣟⢻⠿⡿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢻⡿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢷⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⢿⣿⣿⣶⣿⢿⣷⣾⣶⡶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⢿⣶⢶⣿⣷⣿⣷⢾⣿⠾⢾⣿⣿⣾⢶⡶⢿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⡿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣾⣼⣤⣤⣶⣽⣤⣼⣴⣴⣤⣧⣶⣧⣧⣦⣾⣥⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣼⣦⣤⣦⣤⣮⣿⣶⣦⣾⣶⣮⣤⣧⣤⣴⣿⣧⣼⣵⣿⣽⣶⣧⣦⣤⣤⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣾⣯⣭⣭⣭⣹⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣽⣬⣭⣭⣽⣮⣿⣽⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⡓⠂⠀⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⡉⡀⣈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣬⣀⣩⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣁⣻⣉⣉⣉⣟⣟⣸⣏⣉⣘⣩⣇⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣈⣈⣩⣉⡏⣅⣩⣉⣍⣋⣉⣻⣉⣹⣬⣻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣸⣋⣈⣯⣉⣩⣈⣩⣋⣉⣉⣃⣉⣇⣍⣉⣈⣉⣍⣩⣹⣉⣽⣟⣉⣹⣏⣉⣏⣇⣉⣩⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣉⣁⣉⣽⣈⣉⣷⣉⣉⣙⣏⣀⣁⣉⣟⣉⣩⣋⣉⣙⣉⣉⣟⣩⣈⣉⣏⣉⣻⣉⣉⣨⣉⣱⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣘⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣏⣝⣏⣩⣉⡉⣉⣏⣸⣉⣍⢙⣁⣍⣹⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣋⣍⣉⣙⣭⣉⣉⣩⣹⣻⣍⣹⣙⣍⣩⣋⣉⣏⣈⣙⣁⣉⣈⣹⣉⣹⣎⣋⣅⣃⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣈⣙⣋⣏⣉⣉⣁⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣉⣩⣉⣏⢉⣩⣋⣹⣹⣉⣩⣍⣉⣹⣙⣉⣏⣉⣩⣉⣩⣉⣋⣩⣉⣙⢉⣹⣹⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣭⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠆⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣹⣼⣯⣯⣝⣽⣙⣯⣉⣉⣽⣻⡉⣻⣹⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣍⣩⣈⣁⣉⣹⢉⣉⣽⣉⢏⣋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣹⢉⣉⣋⣏⢙⣉⣉⣈⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣉⣝⣹⣉⣉⣙⣭⣉⣯⣍⣩⣋⣹⣭⣩⣉⣹⣏⣉⣙⣉⣉⣯⣹⣭⢉⣉⣉⣿⣉⣏⣹⣽⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣍⣉⣫⣉⣉⣽⣉⣉⣹⣯⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣯⣽⠿⠿⠿⢿⣙⣉⣉⣏⢉⣯⣟⣽⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣉⣫⣉⣻⢽⣉⣉⣽⣿⣍⣹⣉⡿⠿⠿⠿⣏⣩⣏⣋⣉⣉⣍⣩⣉⣉⣉⣿⣽⣝⣹⣭⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣯⣫⣽⣉⣹⣍⣉⣹⣿⣉⣉⣏⣫⣉⣋⣉⣻⣭⣙⣉⣹⣯⣉⣍⣩⣿⣉⣩⣋⣏⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢉⣍⣉⣩⣯⣏⣏⣉⣉⣩⣫⣙⣭⣉⣩⣏⣍⡉⣻⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣹⣹⣿⣿⣻⣉⣋⣿⣹⣉⣫⣉⣹⣙⣍⣉⣹⣉⣉⣯⣿⣋⣏⣹⠿⠿⠿⣯⡽⠿⠿⢏⣹⣋⠿⠿⠿⢿⣫⣉⣽⣹⣉⣫⣝⣹⣉⣙⣹⣏⣉⣭⣩⣍⣟⣉⣹⣭⣋⣉⣙⣍⣟⣹⣹⣉⣻⣉⣉⣩⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣙⣉⣉⣻⣍⣻⣝⣫⣉⣋⣙⣍⣹⣹⣙⣍⣋⣋⣙⣙⡹⣏⣿⣝⣍⣛⣭⣋⣟⣯⣿⣩⣻⣩⣏⣝⣉⣩⣏⣻⣏⣟⣫⣍⣝⣍⣉⣻⣋⣏⡋⣉⣫⣋⣙⣝⣽⣩⣝⣉⣙⣽⣙⣍⣟⣍⣋⣟⣉⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⣀⣤⣤⣤⡈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⠛⠿⡿⢿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⣷⡄⢴⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡅⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠹⣆⣀⣹⣿⠇⠉⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣰⣶⣦⡈⠀⠏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣭⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢘⠉⣹⡋⠃⠀⠈⡌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠸⠋⢹⣿⡷⠀⠀⠠⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⣿⣩⣻⣿⣼⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠛⠉⠙⠲⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠚⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⢠⠊⠁⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠬⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢇⠀⠀⠳⠤⠔⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠛⠋⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⢀⡀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣝⣓⣦⡶⣞⣻⣿⣿⡿⠁⠁⠀⣐⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠒⠒⠭⠭⠉⠻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡿⣿⠇⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣤⣀⡀⢆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠂⠻⣿⣿⡎⠀⢔⣷⠀⠀⠀⠠⣦⣜⡷⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⢹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡌⠈⠙⠉⠙⠁⡀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⡿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣴⣷⣶⣾⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⡀⠘⠸⣿⣛⢮⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠶⡶⢶⢶⣶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⡄ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⡾⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣴⣶⣼⣧⣧⣬⣿⣽⣤⣤⣿⣦⣦⣤⣷⣾⣧⣧⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣦⣼⣼⣿⣾⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⢟⡿⠛⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢟⣻⡻⠿⠟⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠻⡿⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⣽⣿⣻⣿⣏⣟⣿⣟⣛⡻⣿⣙⣻⣿⢛⣻⣻⣟⣟⣟⣿⣟⣟⣻⣙⣟⣛⣟⣿⣉⣿⣿⣛⣟⣿⣟⣿⣛⣏⣿⣏⣿⣻⣿⣻⣟⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣯⣻⣟⣻⣯⣛⣿⣿⣟⣿⣛⣿⡇ ⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠉⢉⢉⢉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⡿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣯⣿⣶⣾⣷⣽⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠐⠄⠰⠂⠠⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣫⣉⣽⣿⣟⣋⣩⣹⣝⣍⣉⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣋⣙⣽⣯⣯⣯⣯⣩⣝⣙⣍⣹⣝⣽⣝⢝⣝⣯⣽⣽⣽⣝⢽⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡿⣿⣿⡁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠻⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢟⠿⠿⣿⠿⣻⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⣟⣿⡿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣦⣴⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠐⠄⠰⠀⠠⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣯⣟⣻⣉⣉⣩⣽⣽⢉⣉⣈⣈⣉⣉⣽⣽⣯⣈⣉⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⡷⣿⣯⡁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢛⣿⣿⡿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣽⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⡆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠀⠐⠰⠖⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣝⣍⣏⣉⣉⣱⣸⣈⣉⣇⣋⣍⣇⣉⣉⣙⣯⣛⣾⣉⣉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣁⣹⣟⣝⣝⣏⣝⣽⣻⣻⣋⣉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣰⡿⣟⣯⡁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣻⢛⣻⣻⣟⣟⣿⣛⣿⣻⣻⢿⣿⣿⡛⣟⣻⣿⣟⠟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⣻⣟⠻⠻⣿⠻⠛⢻⠛⢻⠛⠛⣟⣟⣟⣻⣛⣟⣿⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠈⠂⠘⠀⠐⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠹⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⣿⣷⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⠇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣴⣴⣾⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡆ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠐⠄⠰⠂⠠⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣉⣩⣿⣛⣨⣉⣈⣹⢉⣩⣽⣭⣍⣉⣉⣏⣽⣯⣯⣉⣈⣈⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡷⣿⣯⡁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠛⠿⠟⣿⠟⠿⡛⣿⢟⠿⣿⠿⡻⣻⠻⠻⠟⢛⢻⠿⠻⠛⠛⢻⠿⠻⢛⣿⣻⡟⣟⢟⠛⢻⣟⠻⠿⣟⢟⡿⡻⣟⡿⠟⢟⠟⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠠⢠⡤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣗⣛⣟⣟⣛⠻⢻⣿⣿⡻⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⢛⣟⢓⢟⠛⡛⠛⢟⠟⣟⣛⣟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⡻⣿⣻⣻⣻⡿⠿⣻⠛⠓⢻⠛⠖⢻⣛⠛⣻⠛⢛⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⠃ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣟⣿⣿⠟⠟⣿⢿⠟⠉⡛⠋⡛⡟⠛⣕⠽⠛⢻⢻⡷⣿⣿⣻⠛⠋⠛⠛⣻⣿⡛⠛⢿⢻⢿⡋⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠿⠇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⠠⠠⠀⠀⠠⠜⠁⣤⣀⡁⠀⠇⠀⡿⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣰⣶⠀⠐⠒⢣⡀⠛⠀⡁⠀⡆⠀⠁⢀⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠔⢀⠤⡀⠘⠃⢠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠣⠄⠀⠀⠀⢡⠀⠁⠆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣤⣤⣦⣤⣾⣿⣤⣴⣤⣤⣾⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣧⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⡶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠉⡈⠋⠉⠙⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⡉⠃⠘⠀⠘⠉⠉⢻⡟⠉⠙⠉⠙⣿⠀⠊⠉⠙⠉⠀⠀⠈⠛⠁⠀⠉⠀⠈⠛⠛⠉⠙⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠙⣿⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⣻⠟⠛⠀⢸⢃⢸⣟⠿⣟⣏⣟⡟⣹⢹⢽⢽⠛⡏⣿⣿⡛⡟⢻⣿⢿⠟⢟⣏⣿⡿⡏⣿⣿⣿⢿⡻⣟⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣈⣁⣀⣀⡛⠓⠁⠆⠈⠉⢰⣬⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⢿⡿⡟⠀⠠⢿⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⢻⣻⣿⡿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠟⢛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣻⡟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⡀⠄⠐⢆⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣾⣷⣷⠀⠀⣠⣴⠶⠓⢺⡄⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣗⡄⠐⠀⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⡖⢠⣄⠤⠶⠴⠒⠀⠀⠐⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣵⣧⣧⠄⢰⡉⠻⠀⢢⣴⡄⢸⣷⣭⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⢇⣄⠠⠂⣿⣤⣾⣧⡵⠏⠁⠀⠴⠴⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠃⣀⡀⠈⠀⠀⣨⡟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣿⢽⣿⡄⣿⠉⡍⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⠸⡟⣷⠦⠄⠛⠸⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠙⠃⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⡟⡿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⡐⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⡄⠁⠂⠳⣿⡆⠀⠀⢀⣂⣶⣴⡄⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⠆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠐⠘⣧⣀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢰⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣽⣹⣿⣉⣹⣯⣿⣏⣉⣀⢄⢁⠼⠟⡀⣼⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢡⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠃⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠟⣿⡻⣻⢛⢟⡟⣟⣿⡟⠻⡻⠛⡺⠒⡌⣿⡟⡛⡃⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢿⣿⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⢁⣄⠀⢰⣴⣬⣤⣦⣤⣄⣸⣅⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠠⡈⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠤⣤⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⣇⠀⣚⣘⣈⣟⣿⢑⠠⠈⠀⣠⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣉⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⡏⠀⠘⢛⢻⣿⠉⠋⡠⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢹⠉⢉⠋⣏⡏⠍⢹⢹⠹⠙⠋⡫⡏⠏⠛⠛⠹⢹⢭⣍⠋⡯⡯⡍⣿⠈⠁⠈⠛⠉⠹⠿⢿⡿⢿⣯⢿⡿⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⠀⡇⡃⠰⠺⣫⠴⢾⢧⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠙⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⢉⡶⢆⡈⠩⣤⣴⣶⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡵⠦⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⣇⡠⠖⢈⡀⡀⢰⠀⠁⣢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⠋⠀⠀⢙⢦⡀⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⣿⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⣬⡀⠁⠀⡀⢴⢎⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣠⣤⣤⣾⡤⠬⠶⣄⠀⠛⠻⢿⡿⣿⣽⠛⠀⣿⠀⠀⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡍⡇⠁⠑⢄⠀⠀⠈⡀⠙⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⠀⠀⠀⣿⠙⠉⠭⠏⡯⢋⠊⠱⡀⢀⠜⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠑⢤⡀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⡀⢀⠑⢦⡾⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⢄⠀⠀⡀⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠐⠀⠞⡱⠃⠀⠀⠳⠋⠀⠀⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠢⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣇⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣝⣦⡠⣤⣤⣄⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣿⢀⡴⠃⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠈⠢⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣬⣄⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⠻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⡯⠁⢀⣀⣀⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠈⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢀⣾⡿⣯⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢋⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠈⠐⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢉⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠺⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣦⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣡⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢟⢿⣽⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⢠⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣼⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠰⣦⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣟⣧⣿⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡜⢷⣿⡆⠀⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣾⣿⣷⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠿⠉⠝⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣠⡬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠀⠀⢰⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠄⠀⠰⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠀⠐⠃⠐⠖⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠛⠻⣷⣯⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⢀⣀⡈⡭⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠃⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⡿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣖⡰⣻⣿⠇⠦ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⡸⢊⣥⣓⠷⡀⠀⢀⣠⡄⡸⠄⠐⠄⠀⠀⠋⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣦⢣⣾⡿⣿⠫⠶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡋⣦⣏⡟⢋⣮⣕⠚⢈⢏⡩⡃⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠫⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢰⣆⢾⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣇⡀⢀⣌⢾⡤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⠿⣹⢻⢶⢏⣿⡘⣻⠋⡦⠯⣎⠅⣿⢄⣁⣩⠂⠀⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠘⣾⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⡝⣿⠓⢉⠀⠉⠀⠈⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣟⡿⠿⣾⡖⣎⣐⢶⠃⣼⠧⠭⠃⠈⠁⡘⢎⡯⢆⠀⠐⡄⣠⡾⠂⠠⢿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣾⣿⣭⣺⣏⣶⠂⡐⡁⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡟⣻⣉⣶⢻⡟⢝⣷⣿⢯⣾⣿⣧⣈⠱⣁⠤⢠⣀⡛⡿⣖⣡⢱⡃⣙⠐⣘⠺⠿⣿⣿⢽⣫⣯⣞⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣸⢣⢻⣁⢆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣗⣈⡿⠱⢫⠝⣇⣢⠿⢭⡿⠛⠿⣌⠙⠚⡇⣵⣶⠅⠊⠲⠂⠒⡚⠞⠀⢩⢯⠆⢾⣿⣷⣇⢘⠿⡿⣍⡺⡞⣯⠻⣿⠈⡍⡅⢀⡗⢲ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⢿⢻⡟⣺⡎⠋⠨⡘⢋⠻⢱⣠⢄⠋⠁⠀⠴⣀⡉⡄⠰⠔⢀⢠⢆⡀⠀⠔⠂⠀⢠⣽⣿⡿⢿⣡⣴⣿⡖⠳⠗⠹⣴⣄⡀⡿⢄⠀⢈ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⠟⡩⢹⢟⡽⡭⣁⢀⠘⡆⡵⣶⡐⠈⣉⢀⠀⠊⠿⢿⢆⣵⢣⢀⠥⠔⠡⣀⡄⡈⠂⢳⣿⣶⠽⡎⣟⠿⢧⢀⢃⠘⢍⡙⡭⡇⠂⣨⢤⡄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡅⣀⡏⢤⣟⡌⢆⣈⣃⠠⠁⠉⠈⠁⠧⣮⢇⠈⢠⣴⣖⡈⢤⣔⠦⠀⠠⡄⢿⠁⣾⢀⡮⠖⢺⠀⠘⣿⡀⡄⢠⡿⠻⡧⡜⠀⠂⢹⡄⢈⢳ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣼⠀⠀⠀⢦⡠⣄⠀⡀⠁⡠⢔⡇⠨⡟⠧⣬⠡⢒⠔⢰⣈⡩⢀⠀⠈⠙⠼⢲⡓⠀⠐⠀⠐⢁⡫⢣⣿⢕⣤⣯⠄⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢘⣿⢭⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⢀⣯⣄⡀⢁⠐⣯⡂⡂⡀⠀⠉⠈⢿⠠⢀⡄⢀⠈⠀⢰⠇⠀⠀⢀⠉⠓⠘⠄⣺⣗⢀⢠⠆⠀⠀⠀⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡢⣍⠈⢀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⣠⡀⢀⠞⡿⠇⠀⠠⠖⠰⠜⠆⡌⠁⡀⠀⢠⣄⣸⠟⠗⠆⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠃⠀⢀⣽⢾⣿⡁⣉⠘⢠⡀⠀⡴⠳ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠉⠍⠀⢈⠁⠐⠀⡀⢀⠀⢕⢆⠃⠠⡀⢴⡌⠁⠈⠜⠀⡀⠃⠀⣵⣯⠅⠈⠉⠉⠁⡂⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠉⢿⠐⣰⡥⠂⣄⡆⠁⠀⠁⢠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡾⢀⠁⠀⠡⢀⠀⠁⡤⠀⡇⡸⠆⠀⡀⠤⠡⡄⠀⠬⢼⡀⣆⣤⠤⠁⠴⠽⠋⢆⢨⣦⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠃⠺⠘⣒⠈⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⡀⠀⠐⠢⡀⠀⠙⠒⠈⢀⢀⡀⠀⢶⣲⢗⠤⠀⠘⡇⣀⣛⣡⣆⢀⢩⠘⠁⡳⣉⣀⠀⠉⢀⡄⠀⠀⢀⠈⡣⠸⣠⣇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡃⠀⠨⠂⢀⠁⡀⠀⠐⢼⠼⠿⣿⣸⢿⢵⣿⣫⣼⡏⡽⠉⠁⠀⣠⣧⠒⠉⢠⠇⣄⠐⠂⣔⠀⠂⠀⠁⣀⠀⠀⡔⠐⠉⡀⠄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠠⡀⠀⠰⠤⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⠠⠀⢠⢀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣭⢻⠿⢻⠟⡿⢻⣿⢹⣽⣟⣿⣻⣟⣿⣿⢿⣿⡩⢿⣿⣟⢻⡏⡿⢻⡟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣝⣽⡟⣿⢿⣫⣿⣭⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡛⣛⡻⣻⢿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢟⢟⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢿⢿⣻⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⠿⢻⢻⣟⣟⣿⣻⡟⣿⣻⣻⣻⣻⢿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⠿⢾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣷⡿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣦⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣴⣷⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣙⣏⣙⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣻⢻⣿⡟⡿⡟⡟⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3202 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Gemini Links 12/04/2024: Funny Thing, Manual Scripts, and More⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Casino_Dice_on_Green_Felt⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Technology_and_Free_Software * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ Funny_Thing⠀⇛ Art is self expression, some tragic attempt to communicate the nature of your existence to someone else and make them and you feel less alone. # ⚓ Art_theft_spinning_the_heart_around_a_wire⠀⇛ Computational differentiability features are cool and all, but I just get so distracted at the prospect of stealing art that once that’s brought into the conversation I can’t think of anything else. I just love stealing art so much. Not only breaking into art galleries and grabbing stuff, but also torrents, image search, photographing paintings, even looking at them and then later thinking about them in my own imagination… I just can’t get enough! For example, my head is full of that “Christina’s world” Andrew Wyeth painting right now. I can look at it in my mind’s eye. Or that John Romita and Mickey Demeo splash page when Parker throws the Spider-Man costume in the garbage can. Haven’t seen it for years but it’s made an indelible impression on my mind. # ⚓ its_cold_round_here⠀⇛ as most of the internet i interact with seems to be on the northern hemisphere, I realized our seasons are kind of backwards. over here, it's started to get chilly, if you get up early it's still dark out and we're starting to cook more soups and stews and other kinds of hot foods (which are, in my opinion, the best kind of food, especially soups. god I love soup) # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_EFINOSV_Wordo:_YOGIC⠀⇛ # ⚓ miming_mentor!⠀⇛ I have recently decided i want to learn miming, physical comedy is something i have always enjoyed and i have always held a big respect for mimes! Being physically disabled and neurodivergent, my learning i know is going to be weird. what started as talking to a newer friend of mine about it turned into them offering to mentor me! they are a clown and run a clown school (which i will forever think is so cool) o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ News_And_Links_(publ._2024-04-11):_Physicist_attempts_to model_universe_without_dark_matter⠀⇛ While I'm not advocating for his model, this is an interesting case of dark matter being left out when different assumptions are used. Also it is interesting that the physicist uses some kind of "tired light" theory. [...] Dramatic example of how the Gaza terrorists are using hospitals as bases, and their lack of concern for their own people. # ⚓ Manual_Scripts⠀⇛ This may strike some as foolish; why copy a book by hand when printing can do the same much faster and with fewer errors? Why walk when a car can get you there so much quicker? Why ed when an IDE towers you over the code like "Algernon, at the peak"? Cultural tradition and aesthetics can be blamed for some hidebound behavior, or that given the depth of the Chinese writing tradition there were some books simply not popular enough for the printing press. This goes by the name of the "long tail" these days, the other side of which (and more condescending) being the "internet shallows". Such artists as Thoreau and Bashō were prone to walkabout; using a car or some other technological terror would be missing the point. # ⚓ Blur⠀⇛ =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3347 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 12/04/2024: Big Brother in the Workplace and Profectus Browser Alpha 0.3⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Beautiful_Landscape_Village_Landscape⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Leftovers o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Security # Privacy/Surveillance # Confidentiality o Defence/Aggression * Environment o Energy/Transportation * AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics * Censorship/Free_Speech * Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press * Civil_Rights/Policing * Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality * Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) * Monopolies/Monopsonies o Trademarks o Gemini*_and_Gopher # Personal/Opinions # Technology_and_Free_Software # Programming * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Some_footpath_developments⠀⇛ Here are some footpath-related observations I’ve made recently (or sidewalk for my North American friends), that have caused me considerable concern. The first is a farewell to an Australia Post and Express Post mailing box, which sat on the side of this footpath for decades before finally being removed this month. This is a busy thoroughfare opposite a large shopping centre in Sydney, so I’m a bit surprised. I guess we send parcels to each other from online commerce, but not as many letters anymore? o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Apple_reportedly_warns_users_in_92 countries_about_mercenary_spyware_attacks⠀⇛ Apple Inc. has notified iPhone users in 92 countries that their devices were likely targeted by mercenary spyware. The company alerted the affected individuals via email and iMessage on Wednesday afternoon. “Apple detected that you are being targeted by a 2 that is trying to remotely compromise the iPhone associated with your Apple ID,” the alert reads. # ⚓ Marty Day ☛ blast-o-rama.⠀⇛ If the headline of “The Humane AI Pin is the solution to none of technology’s problems” wasn’t clear enough, here’s a pretty damning pull quote: "Not only is the Humane AI Pin slow, finicky and barely even smart, using it made me look pretty dumb. In a few days of testing, I went from being excited to show it off to my friends to not having any reason to wear it." # ⚓ Mere Civilian ☛ Why_I_carry_two_phones?⠀⇛ • I have two mobile numbers: one for personal and one for work. • I prefer to keep those numbers in different phones because there are times I prefer to disconnect. Therefore, not having the work phone is the easiest way to do that. (April 2024: My work has since changed and I receive less than 5 calls a week, as opposed to 20.. no longer an issue) o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Do_You_Trust_Your_Cheap_Fuses?⠀⇛ When a fuse is fitted in a power rail, it gives the peace of mind that the circuit is protected. But in the case of some cheap unbranded fuses of the type that come in kits from the usual online suppliers that trust can be illusory, as they fail to meet the required specification. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Cryo-EM:_Freezing_Time_To_Take_Snapshots_Of Myosin_And_Other_Molecular_Systems⠀⇛ Using technologies like electron microscopy (EM) it is possible to capture molecular mechanisms in great detail, but not when these mechanisms are currently moving. The field of cryomicroscopy circumvents this limitation by freezing said mechanism in place using cryogenic fluids. Although initially X-ray crystallography was commonly used, the much more versatile EM is now the standard approach in the form of cryo-EM, with recent advances giving us unprecedented looks at the mechanisms that quite literally make our bodies move. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Garage_Door_Automation_With_No_Extra_Hardware⠀⇛ Home automation projects have been popular as long as microcontrollers have been available to the general public. Building computers to handle minutiae so we don’t have to is one of life’s great joys. Among the more popular is adding some sort of system to a garage door. Besides adding Internet- connected remote control to the action of opening and closing, it’s also helpful to have an indicator of the garage door state for peace-of-mind. Most add some sensors and other hardware to accomplish this task but this project doesn’t use any extra sensors or wiring at all. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Small,_Quiet_Air_Compressor_Puts_3D-Printed Parts_To_Best_Use⠀⇛ When the only tool you’ve got is a hammer, every problem starts to look like a nail. Similarly, while a 3D printer is a fantastic tool to have, it can make you think it’s possible to build all the things with printed parts. Knowing when to print ’em and when to machine ’em is important, a lesson that [Diffraction Limited] has taken to heart with this semi-printed silent air compressor. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ ‘Aid_in_dying’:_What’s_in_the_new_French_bill_on assisted_suicide⠀⇛ The French government on Wednesday introduced a bill on assisted suicide, paving the way for euthanasia under strict conditions. The text, which was deemed too restrictive by some and irresponsible by others, will be debated by lawmakers at the end of May. o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ An_Only_Slightly_Modest_Proposal:_If_AI Companies_Want_More_Content,_They_Should_Fund_Reporters,_And Lots_Of_Them⠀⇛ In Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal,” he satirized politicians who were out of touch and were treating the poor as an inconvenience, rather than a sign of human suffering and misery. So, he took what seemed like two big problems, according to those politicians, and came up with an obviously barbaric solution to solve both problems: by letting the poor sell their kids as food. This really only was designed to highlight the barbaric framing of the “problem” by the Irish elite. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Sisense_Data_Breach_Triggers_CISA_Alert_and Urgent_Calls_for_Credential_Resets⠀⇛ The US government cybersecurity agency CISA on Thursday issued a red-alert for what appears to be a massive supply chain breach at Sisense, a New York company that sells big-data analytics tools to businesses. # ⚓ Wired ☛ No_One_Actually_Knows_How_AI_Will_Affect_Jobs⠀⇛ Someone with a bird's-eye view of the situation is Mary Daly, CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, part of the national system responsible for setting monetary policy, maintaining a stable financial system, and ensuring maximal employment. Daly, a labor market economist by training, is especially interested in how generative AI might change the labor market picture. Daly spoke with WIRED senior editor Will Knight over Zoom. The conversation has been edited for length and clarity. # ⚓ The Verge ☛ X’s_Premium_users_can_no_longer_hide_their_blue checks⠀⇛ Once a status symbol, the blue check lost some of its luster after X shifted to a paid verification system under Elon Musk’s ownership. A blue check then just became an indicator that the account holder paid for a Premium subscription. The feature was also abused by scammers and online impersonators, and some blue checks became the target of online harassment or mass blocking. X eventually rolled out the blue check to accounts with more than a million followers, covering most living celebrities (and some dead) as well as public figures. # ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ Ex-Windows_developer_calls_Windows_11 Start_menu_performance_'comically_bad,'_even_with_a_Core_i9 and_128GB_of_RAM⠀⇛ Andy Young, a former Microsoft Windows developer, has taken to social media to complain about the performance issues he's been experiencing in Windows 11. (Neowin first reported on Young's remarks.) The ex-Windows developer showed off a demonstration of his Windows 11 system bugging out simply by typing something into the start menu search box. The performance is so bad that Windows Enthusiast Albacore describes Windows 11 as an incomplete product that needs to be finished. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Humane's_AI_"Pin"_Is_a_$700_Flaming_Dumpster Fire⠀⇛ And after months of testing, the review embargo has finally lifted — and as it turns out, the $700 gizmo, which also requires a $24 monthly subscription plan, is every bit as disappointing as we expected. It sounds like the device couldn't even get the basics right. As The Verge's David Pierce discovered, interacting with the screenless and lapel-mounted device was an absolute nightmare, failing to even accurately report the current weather. # ⚓ Stephen Hackett ☛ Humane_AI_Pin_Reviews_Are_Here⠀⇛ David Pierce has reviewed the Humane AI Pin, and it seems pretty, pretty, pretty bad. We already knew — from Humane’s recent video — that the device could be quite slow to respond. That was after the initial video, which was full of examples of the Pin giving downright incorrect information in response to requests. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Exclusive:_Apple_warns_users_of_"mercenary spyware"_attack;_India,_91_other_countries_impacted⠀⇛ Apple has informed its users in India and 91 other countries that they could be possible victims of a “mercenary spyware” attack attempt, where someone tried to gain unlawful access to their devices, sources told ET. Mercenary spyware attacks, such as those using Pegasus from the NSO Group, are exceptionally rare and vastly more sophisticated than regular cybercriminal activity or consumer malware, the threat notification mail sent by Apple read. ET has seen a copy of the threat notification sent to users. # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Humane_AI_Pin_review:_the_post-smartphone future_isn’t_here_yet⠀⇛ That raises the second question: should you buy this thing? That one’s easy. Nope. Nuh-uh. No way. The AI Pin is an interesting idea that is so thoroughly unfinished and so totally broken in so many unacceptable ways that I can’t think of anyone to whom I’d recommend spending the $699 for the device and the $24 monthly subscription. # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ New_Congressional_task_force_looks to_make_sure_it’s_not_left_behind_by_AI_advancements⠀⇛ Twelve members of Congress shave been appointed to a new commission to lead the House’s exploration of AI’s transformational opportunities and potential challenges. Their mission? To create guiding principles, recommendations and bipartisan policy proposals for the regulation of AI. One of those members joined Federal News Network’s Eric White on The Federal Drive with Tom Temin to discuss the task ahead: Rep. Don Beyer (D-Va.) Interview Transcript: [...] # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ A_Congressman_Wanted_to Understand_AI._So_He_Went_Back_to_a_College_Classroom_to Learn⠀⇛ So when questions about regulating artificial intelligence emerged, the 73-year-old Beyer took what for him seemed like an obvious step, enrolling at George Mason University to get a master’s degree in machine learning. In an era when lawmakers and Supreme Court justices sometimes concede they don't understand emerging technology, Beyer's journey is an outlier, but it highlights a broader effort by members of Congress to educate themselves about artificial intelligence as they consider laws that would shape its development. # ⚓ Will Larson ☛ Notes_on_how_to_use_LLMs_in_your_product.⠀⇛ Pretty much every company I know is looking for a way to benefit from Large Language Models. Even if their executives don’t see much applicability, their investors likely do, so they’re staring at the blank page nervously trying to come up with an idea. It’s straightforward to make an argument for LLMs improving internal efficiency somehow, but it’s much harder to describe a believable way that LLMs will make your product more useful to your customers. I’ve been working fairly directly on meaningful applicability of LLMs to existing products for the last year, and wanted to type up some semi- disorganized notes. These notes are in no particular order, with an intended audience of industry folks building products. o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Login.gov_pilot_to_include_option for_biometric_verification⠀⇛ GSA said in a release that the pilot will offer users the ability to match a “live selfie” with a self-supplied form of photo identification like a driver’s license. The agency said it will not use images “for any purpose other than verifying identity,” and reaffirmed the platform’s commitment to user privacy. # ⚓ EFF ☛ Bad_Amendments_to_Section_702_Have_Failed_(For Now)—What_Happens_Next?⠀⇛ Yesterday’s vote means the House also will not consider amendments to Section 702 surveillance introduced by members of the House Judiciary Committee (HJC) and House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI). As we discuss below, while the HJC amendments would contain necessary, minimum protections against Section 702’s warrantless surveillance, the HPSCI amendments would impose no meaningful safeguards upon Section 702 and would instead increase the threats Section 702 poses to Americans’ civil liberties. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ House_Will_Try_Again_on Reauthorization_of_US_Spy_Program_After_Republican Upheaval⠀⇛ Speaker Mike Johnson is expected to bring forward a Plan B that would reform and extend a section of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act known as Section 702 for a shortened period of two years, instead of the full five-year reauthorization first proposed, in hopes that the shorter timeline will sway GOP critics. # ⚓ Reason ☛ States_Keep_Passing_Unconstitutional_Age- Verification_Laws_for_Porn_Sites⠀⇛ Last Friday, Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear signed a controversial bill requiring age verification for individuals seeking to use pornography websites in the state. While the bill seeks to prevent minors from accessing explicit materials, the law will require a substantial invasion of adults' privacy. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Taxi_software_vendor_exposes personal_details_of_nearly_300K⠀⇛ The names, email addresses, phone numbers, and user IDs of the 287,961 affected individuals in the UK and Ireland were all exposed online. According to research shared with The Register ahead of publication, the details of individuals with senior roles in media outlets such as the BBC and various government departments such as His Majesty's Treasury, the UK Home Office, and the Ministry of Justice were included. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ AT&T_Data_Breach_Update:_51_Million Customers_Impacted⠀⇛ During the Easter holiday weekend, AT&T said the leaked data appeared to belong to roughly 7.6 million current customers and approximately 65.4 million former customers, pointing out that the data appeared to be from 2019 or earlier. The company at the time only specifically named social security numbers as being compromised. However, in letters it’s now sending out to impacted individuals, AT&T says the compromised information includes full name, email and mailing address, phone number, date of birth, social security number, and AT&T account number and passcode. # ⚓ The Record ☛ Section_702_surveillance_powers legislation_hits_another_roadblock_in_House⠀⇛ House Republican leaders on Wednesday failed to overcome bipartisan opposition to proceeding with debate on the renewal of expiring government surveillance powers. Lawmakers voted 193-228 against bringing up a bill to reauthorize Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which will sunset on April 19. Nearly 20 GOP members voted against the rule for consideration of the measure. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Palantir_and_Oracle_buddy_up_on cloud_infrastructure⠀⇛ The deal – announced last Thursday – says Palantir employing Oracle's distributed cloud and AI infrastructure to support its AI and decision acceleration platforms. The database, cloud, and application giant said that as part of the agreement, Palantir would move workloads for its Foundry analytics system for “data-driven decision making and situational intelligence” to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. # § Confidentiality⠀➾ # ⚓ Mat Duggan ☛ Why_Can't_My_Mom_Email_Me?⠀⇛ So the reason why so many people I know are moving to Proton is they seem to be the only game in town that has cracked sending encrypted emails in the least annoying way possible. Their encryption uses asymmetric PGP key pairs with lookup for other users public keys happening on their key server. This in conjunction with their Key Transparency technology that compares lookup requests by the client with requests on the server-side allows for easy encrypted message exchanges with a high degree of safety, at least according to them. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Box's_strategic_leap_in_AI_and content_management⠀⇛ The integration of AI into the fabric of cloud services and its role in enhancing data security were also key topics of discussion. Managing permissions and security around AI to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information is imperative, Kus pointed out. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Police_Chief_Hailed_As_A_Hero_For_Crashing_Into A_Car_While_Fleeing_The_Scene_Of_A_Shooting⠀⇛ I’ve been watching this story since late last week. A lot of what I saw then showed this was going to end in embarrassment and exoneration for Albuquerque (NM) police chief Harold Medina. But I still held out hope the city might find something to criticize about the chain of events that left city resident Todd Perchert with a totaled 1966 Ford Mustang and plenty of serious injuries. # ⚓ The Hill ☛ After_climate_tipping_points,_change_will_come slowly,_then_all_at_once⠀⇛ The planetary danger signals are increasing. Climate scientists are beginning to worry we may be at a terrifying juncture, where the climate shifts dramatically from one state to another. An abrupt global warming episode, during which climate changes happen in decades not centuries, and interrelated tipping points cascade into one another amplifying the sudden shift in the world climate, pushing the planet out of the temperate sweet spot we humans have been lucky enough to live in. Could this sudden shift happen? Unfortunately, the answer is yes. # ⚓ [Repeat] Privacy International ☛ The_EU_Migration_Pact:_a dangerous_regime_of_migrant_surveillance⠀⇛ • The Pact will enable intrusive technological practices in various stages of asylum processing, such as the extraction of mobile phone data in the Asylum Procedures Regulation # ⚓ LRT ☛ Under_EU_asylum_reform,_Lithuania_would_have_to accept_158_people_or_pay_€3m_–_minister⠀⇛ Under the EU migration reform, Lithuania would have to take in around 158 migrants a year or pay 3.16 million euros, says Interior Minister Agnė Bilotaitė. # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ ByteDance’s_2023_Profits_Surge_60%_to $40_Billion,_Report_Shows⠀⇛ ByteDance saw earnings surge from $25 billion to $40 billion in 2023, according to a report from Bloomberg, marking a 60% increase from the year prior for the Chinese parent company of short-form video app TikTok. # ⚓ India Times ☛ ByteDance_profits_jump_60%,_beating_tech rivals:_report⠀⇛ The profits of TikTok owner ByteDance jumped around 60 percent in 2023, Bloomberg reported Wednesday citing sources, beating online rivals Tencent and Alibaba. The reported results mark the first time that ByteDance has overtaken archrival Tencent in both revenue and profit, Bloomberg said, adding that the internal figures had not been independently audited. # ⚓ El País ☛ European_elections:_Which_parties_are_trying_to influence_the_vote_through_Facebook_or_Instagram?⠀⇛ The threat of misinformation and the spread of fake news is now common in all elections, at least since the 2016 U.S. presidential election. The danger has increased considerably with generative artificial intelligence # ⚓ India Times ☛ Malaysia_orders_Meta,_TikTok_to_forge_plans to_combat_harmful_content⠀⇛ Malaysia has ordered tech giants Meta and TikTok to present plans to combat harmful content online, authorities said Tuesday, after the Muslim-majority country reported an uptick in offensive material on social media platforms. # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ US_Senator_Says_TikTok_Divestiture Period_Could_Be_Extended⠀⇛ After the US House of Representatives voted an overwhelming 352-65 last month in favor of giving TikTok’s Chinese parent company ByteDance approximately six months to divest its US TikTok assets or face a ban, the Senate has been more meticulous in its decision. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Social_Media_Companies_Are_Having_a_Bad Moment⠀⇛ Social media companies and their apologists find themselves in an especially rough moment right now. Sociologist Jonathan Haidt has just released a new book, The Anxious Generation, which puts the severity of the screen-induced mental health crisis out of the question. The House just passed the TikTok ban, and bipartisan bills to regulate social media are moving forward in the Senate. State legislatures in Vermont, Minnesota and Maryland are contemplating bipartisan bills modeled to create greater online protections for kids. For a while, it was unclear whether any substantial anti–social media resistance would take shape. It’s happening now. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Meta_is_facing_a_backlash_over_its_cautious policy_on_political_content⠀⇛ In February, Meta announced new policies regarding limiting political content, given this year will see a U.S. presidential election and a groundbreaking number of elections around the world. Meta, like other big tech firms, is being cautious about how social media could be used and abused to affect the outcome of such elections. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ New_Zealand_aims_to_boost_U.S._ties amid_global_instability⠀⇛ New Zealand is facing the most unstable global environment in decades, Foreign Minister Winston Peters said on Friday, as he pledged to boost ties with the United States amid conflicts in the Middle East and Ukraine. # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Ukraine,_short_of_soldiers,_passes controversial_new_conscription_law⠀⇛ Two years after Russia’s full-scale invasion, Ukraine is in dire need of more soldiers. Yet lawmakers dragged their feet for months over the new, likely unpopular law, which goes into effect a month after President Zelenskyy signs it – if and when he does. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Ukraine_aid_deadlock_could_threaten peace_in_Europe._Does_Congress_care?⠀⇛ Ukraine must convince Americans that its fate matters, and that a Russian victory would threaten European security and American interests. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine’s_New_Draft_Unsettles_the Young⠀⇛ Reporters from The New York Times spoke to men who could be affected by the change. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine’s_Parliament_Passes Mobilization_Bill_as_Russia_Strikes_Kyiv_Power_Plant⠀⇛ The legislature approved a law to replenish Ukrainian forces. Lawmakers said the bill included incentives for volunteers and new penalties for those trying to evade conscription. # ⚓ Security Week ☛ US_Government_on_High_Alert_as Russian_Hackers_Steal_Critical_Correspondence_From Microsoft⠀⇛ The US government says Midnight Blizzard’s compromise of Abusive Monopolist Microsoft corporate email accounts "presents a grave and unacceptable risk to federal agencies." The post US_Government_on_High_Alert_as Russian_Hackers_Steal_Critical_Correspondence From_Microsoft appeared first on SecurityWeek. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Russian_spacecraft,_US_satellite_nearly collided_in_shockingly_close_call_that_‘really_scared’ NASA⠀⇛ "We recently learned that the path ended up being less than 10 meters apart -- less than the distance of me to the front row," NASA deputy administrator Pam Melroy told the live audience. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Just_when_we_thought_things_settled_down’: Kremlin_insiders_on_how_Putin_might_overhaul_Russia’s government_after_his_upcoming_inauguration_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ukrainian_parliament_passes_law_amending mobilization_rules_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvia_and_Ukraine_step_up_cooperation_at parliamentary_and_presidential_levels⠀⇛ On April 10, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ratified the Agreement on Technical and Financial Cooperation between the Government of Latvia and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ukraine_pleads_for_Patriot_air defense_systems_as_Russia_destroys_power_grid⠀⇛ Officials in Kyiv are calling on partners to urgently supply Patriot systems as Russia capitalizes on Ukraine's weakening air defenses to methodically destroy the country's power grid, writes Peter Dickinson. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ukraine’s_veterans_can_transform the_country’s_postwar_political_landscape⠀⇛ While the Russian invasion of Ukraine is still far from over, it already looks likely that Ukrainian military veterans will play a key role in their country's postwar politics, writes Kateryna Odarchenko. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Macron_calls_for_'sustainable'_effort_to scale_up_arms_production⠀⇛ France's President Emmanuel Macron on Thursday called for a "sustainable" effort to scale up weapons production following the Russian invasion of Ukraine as he laid a foundation stone for a much-needed gunpowder factory. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Ukraine_legislature_passes_law_revising military_mobilization_rules_amid_ongoing_war⠀⇛ Ukraine’s Parliament, known as the Verkhovna Rada, passed a bill on Thursday to overhaul the country’s military mobilization rules. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ 2_Russian_billionaires_win_appeal_against_EU sanctions⠀⇛ The General Court of the EU revoked on Wednesday the restrictive measures imposed on Mikhail Fridman and Petr Aven, two Russian billionaires, between February 2022 and March 2023. The two were originally sanctioned in connection with Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Zelensky_in_Vilnius_calls_for_implementation_of Western_aid_initiatives⠀⇛ Initiatives to support war-torn Ukraine must not only be launched but also implemented, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said in Vilnius on Thursday. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Zelensky_arrives_in_Lithuania_for_Three_Seas Summit⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky arrived in Lithuania on Thursday. He will take part in the Three Seas Summit and meet with a dozen leaders of Central, Eastern, and Southern European countries. # When Beijing put diplomatic and economic pressure on Lithuania, trade between the two countries plummeted. The hope that the Taiwanese market would compensate for this has not materialised – statistics show that trade between Vilnius and Taipei has been declining for the past few years. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Recent_Attacks_On_Nuclear_Plant_In_Ukraine_Raise Safety_Concern_To_New_Level,_IAEA_Chief_Says⠀⇛ Attacks over the weekend on the Zaporizhzhya nuclear power plant in Ukraine have raised the level of concern over the safety of the facility to an even higher level, the head of the UN's nuclear watchdog told his agency's board of governors on April 11 in Vienna. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Parliament_Passes_New_Mobilization_Law⠀⇛ Ukraine's parliament, the Verkhovna Rada, has passed a law on military mobilization that will boost the number of its troops, two lawmakers reported, as the country struggles with depleted forces in the face of the more than 2-year-old Russian invasion. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Zelenskiy_In_Vilnius_To_Press_For_Aid_As_Russia Strikes_Power_Infrastructure⠀⇛ President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has again called on Ukraine's allies to give the embattled country more air-defense systems as Russia struck Ukrainian energy infrastructure targets, including a major power plant south of Kyiv. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Freedom_House_Sounds_Alarm_As_Democracy_Plummets Amid_Autocratic_Surge_For_20th_Year⠀⇛ Democratic governance in Central Europe and Central Asia declined for a 20th consecutive year, according to rights watchdog Freedom House, driven by Moscow's full-scale invasion of Ukraine and Azerbaijan's "military conquest" of Nagorno- Karabakh. # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ House_Speaker_Mike_Johnson negotiating_with_White_House_to_advance_Ukraine_aid⠀⇛ By STEPHEN GROVES (Associated Press) WASHINGTON (AP) — House Speaker Mike Johnson is negotiating with the White House as he prepares for the treacherous task of advancing wartime funding for Ukraine and Israel through the House, a top House Republican said Thursday. # ⚓ LRT ☛ Vičiūnai_Group_to_be_probed_over_alleged_sanctions violation_following_LRT_investigation⠀⇛ The Prosecutor General’s Office has opened a pre- trial investigation into the violation of international sanctions, following the LRT Investigation Team’s publication, which revealed that a company owned by the Vičiūnai Group has transported sanctioned dual-use goods to Russia. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_'Shadow_Fleet'_Ups_Risk_Of_Baltic_Sea Spill,_Finland's_Border_Guard_Says⠀⇛ The risk of a large Baltic Sea oil spill has risen since Russia began using a "shadow fleet" of tankers to circumvent curbs on its oil exports, Finland's Border Guard warned. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ambassador_Warns_Georgia_'Foreign_Agents'_Bill 'Incompatible'_With_EU_Values⠀⇛ The European Union's ambassador to Georgia has criticized the reintroduction of a "foreign agents" bill in parliament -- legislation compared with a similar law in Russia that the Kremlin has used to stifle dissent -- saying it's "incompatible" with the values of the bloc Tbilisi is looking to join. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Record_Flooding_In_Russia,_Kazakhstan_Expected_To Worsen⠀⇛ Heavy rains and a rapid rise in temperatures causing a massive snowmelt continue to create "difficult" conditions in southern Russia and northern Kazakhstan, with rivers bursting their banks amid forecasts that the worst may be yet to come. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Says_It_Killed_2_Militants_In_North Caucasus⠀⇛ Russia's National Anti-Terrorist Committee (NAK) said two alleged militants were killed in a "counterterrorism" operation that started on April 11 in the North Caucasus. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Water_level_rises_sharply_in_Russia's Kurgan_region⠀⇛ The village of Kaminskoye in Russia's Kurgan region was being evacuated on Friday morning after the water level there rose 1.4 metres (4.59 ft) overnight, regional governor Vadim Shumkov said on the Telegram messaging app. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Terrorists_attacked_Moscow._Now_Russia’s migrants_are_feeling_the_backlash.⠀⇛ Russia’s migrants have long been tolerated by both authorities and the public. But when several Tajiks became suspects in the March 22 terror attack in Moscow, the whole community came under withering scrutiny. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Belarusian_Accused_Of_Insulting_Lukashenka_Dies Awaiting_Trial⠀⇛ A Belarusian man accused of insulting authoritarian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka has died in a pretrial detention center in the city of Brest, just days before his trial was to begin. * § Environment⠀➾ o ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ Ocean_currents_threaten_to_collapse_Antarctic ice_shelves,_study_finds⠀⇛ A new study published in Nature Communications has revealed that the interplay between meandering ocean currents and the ocean floor induces upwelling velocity, transporting warm water to shallower depths. This mechanism contributes substantially to the melting of ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica. These ice shelves are destabilizing rapidly and contributing to sea level rise. o § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Tearing_Into_A_Sparky_Sandwich⠀⇛ We’re still in the early days of modern EV infrastructure, so minor issues can lead to a full high voltage pack replacement given the lack of high voltage-trained mechanics. [Ed’s Garage] was able to source a Spark EV battery pack that had succumbed to a single bad cell and takes us along for the disassembly of the faulty module. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ The_Cybertruck's_Battery_Pack_Is_Half_Empty,_a Teardown_Found⠀⇛ During a teardown of the unusual pickup truck by automotive engineer and car expert extraordinaire Sandy Munro and his team, they discovered that the vehicle's massive battery pack is half empty, with tons of space above a layer of cylindrical, lithium-ion 4680 battery cells. # ⚓ The North Lines IN ☛ Tata_Teams_Up_with_Shell_India_to_Roll Out_Electric_Vehicle_Charging_Stations_for_Passengers⠀⇛ The collaboration will leverage Shell's widespread fuel station network and Tata Passenger Electric Mobility's (TPEM) insights from over 1.4 lakh Tata EVs on Indian roads to set up chargers at locations frequently visited by EV owners, the company, a part of Tata Motors, said in a statement. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Speech_by_Executive_Vice-President Šefčovič_at_the_Innovation_Fund_Cleantech_Conference_2024 [Ed: The buzzwords industry has turned "clean tech" into one word]⠀⇛ It is a pleasure to be here for this event, to engage with you on how we can move Europe's cleantech industry forward. * § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon_Musk’s_Lawyer_Faces_Sanctions_After_Deposition Meltdown,_While_Engaging_In_Unauthorized_Practice_Of_Law⠀⇛ Elon Musk’s favorite lawyer, Alex Spiro, isn’t having a great week. Sure, sure, he just signed up embattled NYC mayor Eric Adams as a new client, but he seems to have royally fucked up in defending Elon. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Amazon_CEO:_GenAI_bigger_than_the_cloud_—_No, the_web!⠀⇛ It's safe to say Amazon CEO Andy Jassy is pretty jazzed about generative AI's potential to drive profits. o ⚓ Wired ☛ Eric_Schmidt_Warned_Against_China’s_AI_Industry._Emails Show_He_Also_Sought_Connections_to_It⠀⇛ Just two months earlier, Schmidt was also seeking potential personal connections to China’s AI industry on a visit to Beijing, newly disclosed emails reveal. Separately, tax filings show that a nonprofit private foundation overseen by Schmidt and his wife contributed to a fund that feeds into a private equity firm that has made investments in numerous Chinese tech firms, including those in AI. o ⚓ The Record ☛ Lindy_Cameron,_former_UK_cybersecurity_chief, appointed_British_High_Commissioner_to_India⠀⇛ States within the Commonwealth of Nations exchange high commissioners as their most senior diplomatic envoys rather than ambassadors, although the roles are largely equivalent. Cameron’s departure from the NCSC was first reported by Recorded Future News in December, when it was said she would be taking up an unspecified diplomatic posting. The government announced on Thursday that she would be heading to New Delhi. o ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ CYBERCOM_considers_options_for_future force_generation_model⠀⇛ “We now have the budget responsibility for equipping the offensive and defensive cyberspace force for the Department of Defense, that force that we operate,” Haugh said. “So now we have the ability to be able to validate a requirement under our authorities that we’ve been given. We can allocate the resources against whatever that need is. And then we will be able to acquire that under our own authorities, either inside U.S. Cyber Command or in partnership with the services, where we drive the requirement, we have the resources, and now we’re going to be able to produce the capability that we need for our forces. That’s a pretty radical change from where we started.” o § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ VOA News ☛ How_Russia's_disinformation_campaign_seeps_into US_views⠀⇛ But as lawmakers debated a $95 billion package that includes about $60 billion in aid for Ukraine, Cullinane noticed an increase in narratives alleging Ukrainian corruption. What stood out is that these were the same talking points promoted by Russian disinformation. So, when The Washington Post published an investigation into an extensive and coordinated Russian campaign to influence U.S. public opinion to deny Ukraine the aid, Cullinane says he was not surprised. "This problem has been festering and growing for years," he told VOA. "I believe that Russia's best chance for victory is not on the battlefield, but through information operations targeted on Western capitals, including Washington." # ⚓ Variety ☛ CBS_News_Plans_Streaming_Overhaul_With_New_'Whip- Around'_Program⠀⇛ A new show focused on disinformation, “CBS News Confirmed,” will debut this summer. CBS News earlier on Tuesday said it had hired Melissa Mahtani, who had previously been a producer at CNN, as executive producer of a new “Confirmed” unit that seeks to identify and fight the spread of false stories, conspiracy theories and bad facts. # ⚓ Axios ☛ Gen_Z_increasingly_turns_to_TikTok,_YouTube_for online_searches⠀⇛ Driving the news: 46% of those ages 18-24 start their information quests by searching on Google, per data shared exclusively with Axios from YPulse, a youth research firm. • That's compared with 58% of those ages 25-39. • 21% of 18- to 24-year-olds start with TikTok, while 5% start on YouTube. # ⚓ Matt Birchler ☛ A_trifecta_of_Elon_Musk_garbage⠀⇛ We should all do a better job of vetting the things we repost online, but I’d argue it’s pretty clear that people wish as much power and influence as Elon Musk should be even more careful. My sphere of influence is quite small, but Musk is idolized by millions of people who take whatever he says as gospel. As Mark Bankston put it: * § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ o ⚓ RTL ☛ Uncovering_the_truth:_Kremlin_foe_Navalny's_posthumous memoir_out_in_October⠀⇛ Titled "Patriot," the book will be released on October 22, publisher Knopf said in a statement, while his widow confirmed the book would also be issued in Russian. "It is the full story of his life: his youth, his call to activism, his marriage and family, and his commitment to the cause of Russian democracy and freedom in the face of a world super-power determined to silence him," Knopf said. o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Malaysia_urges_TikTok_and_Meta_to_monitor_harmful_social media_content⠀⇛ In the statement, the MCMC stressed that they are working with other government departments and enforcement agencies to combat the dissemination of sensitive content relating to “3R,” which are race, religion and royalty. The MCMC observed an increase in harmful content recently, with a total of 51,638 cases that the authorities have required online social media platforms to conduct further actions within the first three months of this year. In 2023, the number of cases that attracted the government’s attention was 42,904 throughout the whole year. o ⚓ Locus Magazine ☛ ALA_Most_Challenged_Books_of_2023⠀⇛ The ALA listed the top 10 most challenged books amid a record number of books targeted for censorship in 2023. Over 4,240 challenges were recorded by the ALA, a “65% surge over 2022 numbers.” The ALA archive of the most challenged books dates back to 2001, and the ALA is accepting donations to strengthen their efforts to fight censorship in publishing, schools, and libraries. * § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ o ⚓ RFA ☛ In_China,_drones,_social_media_monitor_foreign_journalists: report⠀⇛ More than 80% of journalists say they have faced harassment and violence while doing their jobs. o ⚓ Substack Inc ☛ I’ve_Been_at_NPR_for_25_Years._Here’s_How_We_Lost America’s_Trust.⠀⇛ For decades, since its founding in 1970, a wide swath of America tuned in to NPR for reliable journalism and gorgeous audio pieces with birds singing in the Amazon. Millions came to us for conversations that exposed us to voices around the country and the world radically different from our own—engaging precisely because they were unguarded and unpredictable. No image generated more pride within NPR than the farmer listening to Morning Edition from his or her tractor at sunrise. o ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ How_the_O.J._Simpson_Car_Chase_and_Trial_Changed Media⠀⇛ No one who covered the 1995 trial would have called it an innocent time; but in retrospect, in some ways, it was. It unfolded in the final decade before broadband [Internet], social networks, and smartphones. A relatively small number of networks and newspaper columnists dominated the coverage. Stars were made, TV fortunes were won and lost, and viewer expectations were rewritten. “Infotainment” was the new normal. An untold number of almost forgettable trials and scandals would receive the “O.J. treatment” in the years to come. The proverbial car chases continue to this day across social media. o ⚓ BBC ☛ Biden_considering_Australian_request_to_drop_Julian_Assange charges⠀⇛ The US wants to extradite the 52-year-old from the UK on criminal charges over the leaking of military records. Mr Assange denies the charges, saying the leaks were an act of journalism. The president was asked about Australia's request on Wednesday and said: "We're considering it." o ⚓ The Nation ☛ End_the_Persecution_of_Julian_Assange⠀⇛ Assange requested that Sweden provide assurances that it would not extradite him to the United States—a principle known in international law as “non-refoulement.” According to the former UN special rapporteur on torture Nils Melzer, “In the world of diplomatic relations, the fact that Stockholm refused to issue a non-refoulement guarantee to Assange spoke a clear language and left no room for misunderstandings.” Instead of allowing Assange safe passage, British police spent millions of pounds surrounding the embassy. If the WikiLeaks founder left, the United Kingdom planned to arrest him. It even pressured Sweden not to withdraw the extradition request or interview Assange in the embassy. And when Sweden did close the investigation without charging Assange, the UK, at the request of the Trump White House, brought its own charges against Assange for jumping bail. Assange was trapped. o ⚓ VOA News ☛ Wife_of_Julian_Assange:_Biden's_comments_mean_case could_be_moving_in_right_direction⠀⇛ Biden said Wednesday that his administration is "considering" a request from Australia to drop the decade-long U.S. push to prosecute Assange for publishing a trove of classified American documents. The proposal would see Assange, an Australian citizen, return home rather than be sent to the U.S. to face espionage charges. Officials have not provided more details, but Stella Assange said the comments are "a good sign." o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Julian_Assange’s_Family_React_to_Biden Suggesting_U.S._Might_Drop_Case⠀⇛ President Biden, when asked by a reporter on Wednesday about a request from Australia, Mr. Assange’s home country, that he be allowed to return there, replied, “We’re considering it.” Those three words offered the suggestion that the United States might no longer pursue Mr. Assange on charges under the Espionage Act over WikiLeaks’ publishing of tens of thousands of secret military and diplomatic documents more than a decade ago. o ⚓ The Hill ☛ NPR_editor’s_tell-all_confirms_what_we_already_knew about_the_media⠀⇛ What’s troubling today is the new ideology that’s taken over newsrooms during the Trump years. Journalism is now focused more on political correctness and political point scoring than on traditional journalistic ethics like fairness, independence and truth-seeking. It enforces a rigid orthodoxy that promotes specific viewpoints while shutting out other voices that don’t stick to the approved narrative. In short, the news today tells its readers, viewers and listeners what to think. o ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ Five_Years_At_Belmarsh:_A_Chronicle_Of_Julian Assange's_Imprisonment⠀⇛ At the behest of the United States government, the British government has detained WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in His Majesty's Prison Belmarsh for five years. Assange is one of the only journalists to be jailed by a Western country, making the treatment that he has endured extraordinary. He has spent more time in prison than most individuals charged with similar acts. Since December 2010, Assange has lived under some form of arbitrary detention. o ⚓ CPJ ☛ At_least_4_Ukrainian_journalists_injured_in_consecutive attacks_on_Ukraine⠀⇛ “That journalists come under fire while covering the aftermath of previous attacks shows the extent of the risks they are taking and their commitment to documenting Russia’s war in Ukraine,” said Gulnoza Said, CPJ’s Europe and Central Asia program coordinator. “Russian and Ukrainian authorities should investigate the recent attacks that injured Ukrainian journalists in Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia, and Russia must stop targeting civilian infrastructure in Ukraine.” o ⚓ [Repeat] Tedium ☛ Sherwood’s_Big_Innovation:_A_Post-SEO_News Feed⠀⇛ A while back, I took a bit of a swipe at Axios, which I felt was selling bullet points as something innovative when there were so many more ways to stretch the alt- story-form model. I surmised in the piece, I think correctly, that the reason Axios did it this way comes down to a simple fact: The SEO-driven model is basically incompatible with factbox-driven journalism. Quick hits are not what Google wants, despite the fact that they would likely do a better job of informing readers. But what if we built a site that kind of ignored that mandate, and just trusted readers would go to the front page? o ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Assagne’s_Future_Finally_Looks_Promising⠀⇛ In the words of his lead attorney Barry Pollack, "It is encouraging that President Biden has confirmed that the US is considering dropping its case against Julian Assange. This unprecedented prosecution of someone for publishing truthful and newsworthy information should never have been filed. It is time to end the matter and allow Mr Assange to return to Australia". o ⚓ El País ☛ The_US_is_‘considering’_dropping_charges_against Assange,_according_to_Biden⠀⇛ “We are considering it,” Biden responded to journalists’ questions while heading to the Oval Office with the Japanese Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, for a meeting during the latter’s visit to Washington. Until now, the United States has been immersed in a long legal battle to obtain the extradition of Assange, currently behind bars in a maximum security prison on the outskirts of London. He has been indicted in the U.S. with 17 counts of violating the Espionage Act and one charge of computer misuse. Washington has alleged that the leak of nearly 250,000 diplomatic and military cables in 2010 endangered American sources, citizens, and national security. o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ US_‘considering’_end_to_Assange_prosecution bid⠀⇛ Asked "Do you have any response to Australia's request that you end Julian Assange's prosecution?" Biden offered a terse: "We're considering it." While those three words are far from definitive, they're an advance on the US's previous position – which has seen the Department of Justice pursue Assange for what it describes as his "alleged role in one of the largest compromises of classified information in the history of the United States." That's a reference to WikiLeaks courting former US Army soldier Chelsea Manning to share classified material. * § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ o ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Big_Brother_Is_Watching_Amazon_and_Walmart Warehouse_Workers⠀⇛ Both Amazon and Walmart invest massively in highly invasive technological surveillance of their warehouse workforce — surveillance that then enables the hyperexploitation both companies’ workers are subject to. o ⚓ Pete Brown ☛ Some_people_still_like_to_visit_websites_with_a browser._From_a_laptop.⠀⇛ Oh, the experience is so much better in the app you say, NYT? No shit—because you keep deliberately degrading the web experience. o ⚓ CBC ☛ B.C._labour_board_to_consider_union_votes_at_2_Amazon warehouses⠀⇛ Unifor, Canada's largest private sector union, began a card-signing drive last summer citing labour laws favourable to unions in the province. If certified, Unifor says, this would be the first successful unionization effort for Amazon workplaces in Canada. o ⚓ India Times ☛ Apple's_New_Jersey_store_workers_file_petition_for unionisation⠀⇛ Companies including coffee-chain Starbucks, ecommerce firm Amazon.com and software giant Microsoft are facing unionisation efforts from employees who want better working conditions. o ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ The_unexpected_upside_of_multinational_monopoly capitalism⠀⇛ Here's a silver lining to global monopoly capitalism: it means we're all fighting the same enemy, who is using the same tactics everywhere. The same coordination tools that allow corporations to extend their tendrils to every corner of the Earth allows regulators and labor organizers to coordinate their resistance. * § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ No,_The_Internet_Hasn’t_Gotten_Worse:_Just_Your Outlook⠀⇛ Ah, the good old days of the internet – a utopian paradise where everyone was kind, respectful, and definitely not arguing about Hitler. Or was it? A recent study published in Nature has some surprising findings that might just shatter your rose-tinted glasses about this past internet that never actually existed. Brace yourself for a shocking revelation: the internet has always been a bit of a dumpster fire. o ⚓ Stanford University ☛ Harmful_5G_Fast_Lanes_Are_Coming._The_FCC Needs_to_Stop_Them⠀⇛ The FCC released its draft rules early in April and there’s much to celebrate in them. Mobile carriers like T-Mobile, AT&T and Verizon that have been degrading video quality for mobile users will have to stop. The FCC kept in place state neutrality protections like California’s net neutrality law, allowing for layers of enforcement. The FCC also made it harder for ISPs to evade net neutrality at the point where data enters their networks. However, there’s a huge problem: the proposed rules make it possible for mobile ISPs to start picking applications and putting them in a fast lane - where they’ll perform better generally and much better if the network gets congested. o ⚓ India Times ☛ Google_to_invest_$1_billion_to_boost_connectivity to_Japan_via_two_subsea_cables⠀⇛ The two subsea cables, Proa and Taihei, will improve connectivity between the U.S., Japan and multiple Pacific island countries and territories, Google said in a blog post. o ⚓ Stanford University ☛ FCC_chair_highlights_net_neutrality_push_in Campbell⠀⇛ Net neutrality has been supported by both Democratic and Republican administrations, van Schewick added. Rosenworcel said she wants to make sure that net neutrality is the law of the land. o ⚓ ABC ☛ Santa_Clara_County_Fire_Department_backs_push_to_reinstate nationwide_net_neutrality_laws_-_ABC7_San_Francisco⠀⇛ "It's vitally important that every one of us can go where we want and do what we want online without our broadband provider making choices for us," Rosenworcel said. We live in a world where [Internet] connectivity is no longer just nice to have - it's essential. * § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Apple_App_Store_Update_Says_Emulation_Is_Coming_Back. Kind_Of._Well…Maybe.⠀⇛ For years and years, Apple has done its best to prevent emulators from appearing in its App Store. Given Apple’s walled-garden approach, not to mention console manufacturers never-ending hatred for emulators generally, it wasn’t a huge shock that Apple went this route. Even when the occasional workaround has been discovered to allow people to get emulators onto their iPhones, Apple has been consistent about shutting those down. o ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Report:_Apple_is_planning_on_bringing_new_AI- focused_M4_chips_to_entire_line_of_Macs⠀⇛ Gurman says the iMac, low-end 14-inch MacBook Pro, high- end 14-inch MacBook Pro, 16-inch MacBook Pro, and Mac mini machines will be the first to receive the M4 chips in 2024, followed by updates to the 13-inch and 15-inch MacBook Air models sometime in the middle of 2025. The Mac Studio and the Mac Pro will get the update a bit later that year if the reports are correct. § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾ * ⚓ Robert Reich ☛ Robert_Reich_(Is_It_Inflation?_Or_Is_It_Greedflation? It’s_a...)⠀⇛ It’s a paradox. Inflation is dropping but prices aren’t coming down. How can this be? Because corporations have enough monopoly power to keep them high. * ⚓ India Times ☛ EU's_new_tech_laws_are_working_as_small_browsers_gain market_share⠀⇛ The early results come after the EU's sweeping Digital Markets Act, which aims to remove unfair competition, took effect on March 7, forcing big tech companies to offer mobile users the ability to select from a list of available web browsers from a "choice screen." * ⚓ Rodrigo Ghedin ☛ The_“follow”_button_is_Substack's_attempt_to extinguish_newsletter_competition⠀⇛ It may seem just a detail, but it’s in fact something very important. Signing up for a newsletter is the link that unites creator and followers. This link, although important, is straightforward: an e-mail address cession, an event that is easy to understand and a data point easy to handle and move around. * ⚓ The Verge ☛ Apple’s_antitrust_case_is_getting_a_new_judge⠀⇛ It’s not clear why Judge Farbiarz was disqualified from the case, but there are a couple of possibilities. The specific rule mentioned by the filing — Canon 3(C)(1)(d) — says a judge must disqualify themselves from a proceeding when the “judge’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned.” That could mean Farbiarz, or someone he’s related to, is too closely tied to the case. * § Trademarks⠀➾ o ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ S.D._Ohio_District_Court,_Despite_Default,_Stays Infringement_Action_in_Favor_of_Pending_TTAB_Proceeding⠀⇛ The U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio stayed this trademark infringement action even though Defendant Goatlift had defaulted by not filing an answer to the complaint. The court had serious doubts that Goatlift's mark posed a likelihood of confusion, and therefore whether Plaintiff 1661 was entitled to judgment. Instead of deciding that issue, the court chose to stay the lawsuit in favor of an opposition pending between the parties (Opposition No.91264548). 1661,_Inc. d/b/a_GOAT_v._Goatlift,_LLC, Case No. 2:24-cv-78 (S.D. Ohio, March 27, 2024). * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ Lesmosyne⠀⇛ On an overcast day in hell you and I had been resting on the shores of the Lḗthē. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Profectus_Browser_Alpha_0.3_Update⠀⇛ This is another small update to Profectus that contains very basic CSV/TSV/PSV file support, and more fixes to DPI/High DPI on macOS and Linux Wayland. On Wayland and macOS, SDL gives the window size and mouse positions in points, and these points are based on the DPI scaling; a scale of 1.0 would just mean that 1 pixel equals 1 point, and so the window size matches the rendering pixel size. You can get this pixels-per-point scale by dividing the Renderer's Output size with the Window Size SDL has provided you. SDL will also give the mouse events' X and Y positions in *points* rather than pixels. Lastly, all of the SDL drawing functions want their rects and positions in *pixels* and not points! # ⚓ Too_fast⠀⇛ This week was a lot. The theme seemed to be that process matters as much as results. Maybe this is ultimately what disturbs me so much about so called "artificial intelligence". # § Programming⠀➾ # ⚓ First_Car⠀⇛ My first car must have been in a LISP program, though I have no idea when or where; it might have been back in the elisp days (so, the 1990s) or as late as the 2010s when dabbling with Common LISP. Not a very noteworthy event, and I'm too sloppy with repositories to leave that detailed a history. The Common LISP practice area has a first commit in 2017 from merging two other, older, and now lost repositories. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5207 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 12/04/2024: Reporters Without Borders Rep Kicked Out of Hong Kong⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 12, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Hong_Kong_City⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Leftovers o Science o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy/Transportation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies/Monopsonies # Patents # Trademarks # Right_of_Publicity # Copyrights * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Verify_you’re_a_human_before_visiting⠀⇛ I’m not sure if this is a side-effect of using my own VPNs and a bunch of privacy and security extensions, or that FreeBSD/Firefox is unusual enough to raise eyebrows. But I’ve been triggering these checks constantly, at least half a dozen times a day. I’ve decided my time is worth more than this. I agree with_Marcel; if your page implements these, I make like a cliché Gainax character and bounce. o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Get_Today’s_Forecast_In_Classic_90s_Weather_Channel Style⠀⇛ Remember when The Weather Channel actually had weather? It’s been a while, but we sure remember what a boon Local on the 8’s was when getting ready for the day. Not having to wait for the low-information national forecast on the morning shows or putting up with the antics of [Willard Scott] or [Al Roker] was just icing on the cake. o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Miku_Expo_2024:_The_Good,_Bad,_and…⠀⇛ Miku_Expo_2024 has launched in North America, with sell out concerts featuring everyone’s favourite virtual idol. On the good side, we have hatahiro’s art for the event which is fscking spectacular! She’s clearly a manga- inspired character, but the Gotham-style landscape and the subtle colouring and shading on her outfit are such a fun nod to American comic books. I would buy a poster or wall scroll of this in a heartbeat, and I’m not even in North America! o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Baseboard_Heaters_Get_Automated⠀⇛ If you’re lucky enough to have central heating and/or air conditioning, with an automatic thermostat, you probably don’t have to worry too much about the outside temperature. But central HVAC is far from the only way of maintaining temperature in a home. From wood stoves to boilers there are many options depending on your climate and home type, and [Murphy’s Law] has a decentralized baseboard system instead of something centralized. An ESP8266 solution was found that was able to tie them all together. o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Chandra_X-ray_Observatory_Threatened_By_Budget_Cuts⠀⇛ Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in July of 1999, the Chandra X-ray Observatory is the most capable space telescope of its kind. As of this writing, the spacecraft is in good health and is returning valuable scientific data. It’s currently in an orbit that extends at its highest point to nearly one-third the distance to the Moon, which gives it an ideal vantage point from which to make its observations, and won’t reenter the Earth’s atmosphere for hundreds if not thousands of years. o ⚓ Chris ☛ Quarterly_Cup_2024_Q1_Retrospective⠀⇛ o ⚓ Public Knowledge ☛ Emerging_Tech_2024⠀⇛ Dive into the Future of Technology with Emerging Tech Calling all tech enthusiasts! Join us on Friday, June 14th for Emerging Tech, held at the iconic Capitol Visitors Center in Washington, D.C. This year’s event promises to be bigger and bolder than ever before. o ⚓ Tom Greenwood ☛ Can_we_imagine_a_positive_future?⠀⇛ It's been a couple of months since I last published a post here on Oxymoron. I took some time away, mostly offline, including a month in India travelling and visiting family. One of my hopes for the trip was to find new perspectives and positive visions for the future. Having not been to India for 9 years, I was surprised by the pace of change, with monolithic concrete towers springing up at a staggering pace, enormous infrastructure projects under construction amid the organised chaos, and expensive foreign cars swerving around tuk tuks and cows. The juxtaposition between the old India and the newly emerging India was truly fascinating to witness. o ⚓ Cory Dransfeldt ☛ We've_stopped_making_things_anyone_wants_/ /_Cory_Dransfeldt⠀⇛ We destroy the institution and practice of journalism, get bored and leave wreckage. We disrupt traditional industries, increase the precariousness of employment, strip benefits and then raise prices — but hey, you've got a new app, right? We treat attention as though it's an inexhaustible input to be mined through (it's not). We do the same thing with everything, written, posted, produced and placed on the [Internet]. o ⚓ Tommy Palmer ☛ Little_Tech⠀⇛ Cultivating your own digital garden is one part of taking back the [Internet], but we’re still figuring out what the post Twitter community looks like. I made friends on Twitter. It was a special place. I miss it. Like an ex that broke all our collective hearts, we’re still working through that grief. We need to try and move on - make new relationships, memories, and Internet friends. o ⚓ Michael Bburkhardt ☛ Why_I’m_Not_a_Fan_of_Podcasts⠀⇛ I'm not into podcasts. For me they're mostly time sinks, and not in a good way. I mean no disrespect to all the creators out there who put a lot of time and energy into something that a lot of people enjoy. It's just that they (the podcasts, not the creators) are not my cup of tea. Here's why. o ⚓ RIPE ☛ Enhancing_the_Security_of_RIPE_NCC_Access_-_Recent_and Upcoming_Changes⠀⇛ Following security incidents involving RIPE NCC Access accounts earlier this year, the urgency to implement these changes increased, particularly the need to make 2FA mandatory. However, we were not yet technically prepared. Transitioning 2FA from our proprietary layer to Keycloak was necessary, as enabling mandatory 2FA in the former solution would have required substantial effort compared to the straightforward process in Keycloak. In essence, there was no easy solution, and the proper implementation required several weeks of work. This critical step was successfully completed last month where we used native Keycloak functionality to handle 2FA and enabled the mandatory option. This milestone significantly enhances the security of our members' accounts, safeguarding their resources and network accessibility. o ⚓ Phil Eaton ☛ What_makes_a_great_technical_blog⠀⇛ I want to explain why the blogs in My favorite technical blogs are my favorite. That page is solely about non- corporate tech blogs. So this post is too. I'll have to make another list for favorite corporate tech blogs. o ⚓ Axios ☛ O.J._Simpson_dies_of_cancer_at_76⠀⇛ Simpson was acquitted after a widely watched trial in the 1990s over the murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ronald L. Goldman, which captivated the American public's attention. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Standards_and_interoperability:_The future_of_the_global_financial_system⠀⇛ This working paper is a foundational step toward a broader, global dialogue about digital asset standards. The Digital Dollar Project and the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center hosted a global convening titled “Exploring Central Bank Digital Currency: Evaluating Challenges and Developing International Standards” in November 2023. A version of this paper was released as a working paper to level set the attendees of the conference and provide a call to engage the public and the private sector in standard-setting efforts. This paper was further developed based on feedback from the conference and outreach afterward. The paper now reflects what we learned from our convening and incorporates the most recent developments in standard-setting efforts globally. The rapid growth of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) worldwide underscores the importance of aligning approaches to their development, adoption, and implementation across technical, regulatory, and governance levels. Today, there is a patchwork of first steps undertaken by both public-and private-sector entities, aimed at achieving different objectives. These efforts have focused on frameworks, guiding principles, and, in some cases, the development of standards for digital assets broadly, as described below. Some are CBDC-specific and others have general applicability in the payments sector. As governments and stakeholders collaborate to establish consistent benchmarks for CBDC development, it’s crucial to identify, organize, and align standard-setting endeavors. This process involves assessing existing efforts to pinpoint gaps and create a foundation for international standards that remain open and flexible for future development and innovation. Through this paper, we show the crucial element of interoperability, which is needed for the furtherance of standards on CBDCs and digital assets. We attempt to build the pressing themes around which standards will have to be addressed through existing and new efforts. # ⚓ SparkFun Electronics ☛ Why_L-Band?⠀⇛ We mention L-band a lot here at SparkFun, from our RTK Facet L-band to our RTK mosaic-x5, which boasts triband reception. Recently on the blog, we discussed the basics of what it is, but didn't get to why we use it - we saved that for today! Buckle in for a history lesson. L-band has been crucial in the development of GPS, helping to transform it from a military tool to the ubiquitous navigation aid we rely on today. Today we'll chart the journey of L-band, from its early adoption in GPS systems to its role in the high- tech positioning hardware we use now. We'll explore how this slice of the radio spectrum has been the backbone of GPS, supporting its growth and ensuring that getting lost is, well, a thing of the past. Ready to get a clearer signal on how the L-band has steered the course of GPS history? Let’s dive in! o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Majority_of_US_science_agency_budgets_cut for_2024⠀⇛ By our count, four agencies saw an increase in funding, 11 had their budgets cut, and one was given the same budget as in 2023. The cuts ranged in the single digits, with the deepest cuts hitting the National Science Foundation at 8.2 percent and the Department of Defense's Basic Research at 8.9 percent. Science budgets increased overall in 2023 – a year in which legislators were enthusiastic about plans such as the $50-billion-plus CHIPS and Science Act. Even the lowest budget boost in 2023, awarded to NASA Science, delivered 2.4 funding growth. Many agencies enjoyed double-digit budget increases – such as the National Science Foundation at 11.7 percent and National Institute of Standards and Technology at 18 percent. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Computer_Theorist_Wins_$1_Million_Turing Award⠀⇛ Computers seem methodical, deliberate and utterly predictable. But they can also behave in ways that are completely random. As researchers build increasingly powerful machines, one key question is: What role will randomness play? On Wednesday, the Association for Computing Machinery, the world’s largest society of computing professionals, announced that this year’s Turing Award will go to Avi Wigderson, an Israeli-born mathematician and theoretical computer scientist who specializes in randomness. # ⚓ Michael Bburkhardt ☛ Eclipse_Photos⠀⇛ Luckily, I had brought with me a set of stacking neutral density filters. ND16 + ND1000 for a total filter factor of 64000 (just shy of 16 stops). Unfortunately, the only lens these filters fit is my little Fujinon 27mm f/2.8 prime! So the sun is teeny in the frame. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ NASA_Spots_Surfboard-Shaped_Object_Speeding Past_The_Moon⠀⇛ What a photo opportunity! # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Scientists_Create_Levitating_Graphite_Plate For_Ultra-Sensitive_Quantum_Sensors⠀⇛ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Four_Jurassic_Fossils_Help_Explain_How_We Got_Our_Ears_And_Teeth⠀⇛ "A critical missing link." # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Navy_unveils_new_strategy_for science,_technology⠀⇛ Navy Secretary Carlos del Toro unveils partnership involving the Office of Naval Research, Naval Postgraduate School, U.S Naval Academy and Naval War College. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Army_considering_cuts_to_education programs⠀⇛ The Army Credentialing Assistance program that gives soldiers up to $4,000 a year to pursue industry-recognized credentials has been “met with catastrophic success,” Army Secretary Christine Wormuth told lawmakers on Wednesday. The program, however, is still in its pilot stages, and Army officials recognized they might need to curb its yearly costs. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ India Times ☛ Meta_debuts_new_generation_of_AI_chip⠀⇛ The new Meta Training and Inference Accelerator (MTIA) chip is part of a broad custom silicon effort at the company that includes looking at other hardware systems too. Beyond building the chips and hardware, Meta has made significant investments in developing the software necessary to harness the power of its infrastructure in the most efficient way. # ⚓ AnandTech ☛ Google_Develops_In-House_Arm_'Axion'_CPU_for Datacenters⠀⇛ Google's Axion processor is based on the Arm Neoverse V2 (Arm v9) platform, which is Arm's current-generation design for high-performance server CPUs, and is already employed in other chips such as NVIDIA's Grace and Amazon's Graviton4. Within Google, Axion is aimed at a wide variety of workloads, including web and app servers, data analytics, microservices, and AI training. Google claims that the Axion processors boast up to 50% higher performance and up to 60% better energy efficiency compared to current-generation x86-based processors, as well as offer a 30% higher performance compared to competing Arm-based CPUs for datacenters. Though as is increasingly common for the cryptic cloud side of Google's business, least for now the company isn't specifying what processors they're comparing Axion to in these metrics. # ⚓ [Repeat] Security Week ☛ Researchers_Resurrect_Spectre_v2 Attack_Against_Intel_CPUs⠀⇛ The VUSec cybersecurity group at the VU Amsterdam university in the Netherlands has presented a new variation of the Spectre v2 attack targeting Intel processors. When the Spectre and Meltdown CPU attacks were disclosed in 2018, the variant that was named the most dangerous was Spectre v2 or Spectre BTI (Branch Target Injection). CPU makers and others have been developing hardware and software mitigations, but researchers keep finding new ways to conduct these attacks. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Google_joins_the_custom_CPU_crowd_with Arm-based_Axion_chips⠀⇛ Now Google has seen fit to build a custom Arm server microprocessor of its own. Specifically, Axion is based on the British chip designer's Neoverse V2 design, which uses the standard ARMv9 architecture and instruction set. However, beyond this, details such as core count, process tech, cache or memory configuration remain unspecified. With that said, a rendering of the chip does imply a monolithic design. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Homebrew_Network_Card_With_No_CPU⠀⇛ A modern normal network card will have onboard an Ethernet controller which, of course, is a pre- programmed microcontroller. Not only does it do the things required to keep a computer on the network, it can even save the primary CPU from having to do certain common tasks required for communicating. But not [Ivan’s]. His homebrew computer — comprised of 7 colorful PCBs — now has an eighth card. You guessed it. That card connects to 10BASE- T Ethernet. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Synesthetic_Clock_Doesn’t_Require_Synesthesia⠀⇛ We often think of synesthetes as those people who associate say, colors with numbers. But the phenomenon can occur with any of the senses. Simply put, when one sense is activated, synesthesia causes one to experience an unrelated, activated sense. Sounds trippy, no? o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Victor Kropp ☛ 100_push-ups_a_day_challenge⠀⇛ In March 2024, I’ve challenged myself to do 100 (one hundred) push-ups a day every day for a month. It was a second attempt after I failed to do so in January due to illnesses and consequently poor fitness. Here’s what I’ve learned. # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Nick_Jordan_reviews_Australian_instant coffees⠀⇛ Nicholas Jordan and his taste testing team of taste testers tasted_and_tested_various_Australian instant_coffees. Taste test! # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ After_Imprisoning_Patients,_Idaho_OKs_New Mental_Health_Facility⠀⇛ After decades of detaining psychiatric patients in maximum security prison cells, Idaho is finally on the verge of building a secure mental health facility that would house those with serious mental illness more humanely. Idaho Gov. Brad Little on Monday signed into law a bill, passed with bipartisan support, to allocate $25 million to construct a facility. It would have 26 beds, with 16 dedicated to patients who display violent behaviors and whose mental illness is so severe that they are put into involuntary treatment by court order. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ How_Toddler_Milk_Ads_Prompted_a_Formula Marketing_Investigation⠀⇛ When my sons were young, ads promoting formula made especially for toddlers appeared unsolicited in my mailbox. I found them curious. My kids drank cow’s milk when needed. It cost less and worked just fine. Little more than a decade later, my questions about the product would fuel reporting that took me half a world away, to Thailand, where public health officials were trying to stop similar formula marketing. I found they’d encountered an adversary that many Americans, including myself, might find surprising: the U.S. government. # ⚓ Lee Yingtong Li ☛ WHO_and_CDC_weight-for-age_charts_with additional_centile_lines⠀⇛ Below we present weight-for-age charts in a standardised format based on data from the World Health Organization (birth to 2 years) and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2 to 18 years). A full complement of centile lines is provided, namely the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th centiles, as is typically used in medical applications. # ⚓ Off Guardian ☛ What_if_it’s_all_long-term_conditioning?⠀⇛ I wrote this commentary in response to Todd Hayen’s article “Did the Covid PsyOp fail?”, to which I would add a few remarks. I agree with Hayen: something about the alleged failure of the “Covid PsyOp” feels strange. It “feels” fishy. But what could that be? I will explain this below. # ⚓ France24 ☛ French_govt_presents_bill_allowing_terminally ill_adults_to_take_lethal_medication⠀⇛ France’s government presented a bill Wednesday to allow adults with terminal cancer or other incurable illness to take lethal medication, as public demands grow for legal options for aid in dying. # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ The_Dumbphone_Boom_Is_Real⠀⇛ A burgeoning cottage industry caters to beleaguered smartphone users desperate to escape their screens. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Obesity_Is_Complex:_How_Drugs_Like_Ozempic Can_Reinforce_Fat_Stigma⠀⇛ They might address biology, but what about society? # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Keto_Diet_May_Slow_Down_Alzheimer's,_Mouse Study_Reveals⠀⇛ But don't change your eating habits just yet. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Repetitive_Blast_Waves_in_Military Explosives_Training_Might_Trigger_Leaky_Guts⠀⇛ Even from a 'safe' exposure distance. # ⚓ PHR ☛ Arizona_and_Florida_Abortion_Bans_the_Latest_Assault on_Reproductive_Justice:_PHR⠀⇛ Recent state supreme court decisions in Arizona and Florida that uphold dangerous and draconian abortion bans seriously threaten the health of pregnant people and represent the latest attack on reproductive justice in the United States, Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) said today.  # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ As_Arizona_Reinstates_1864_Abortion_Ban, Doctors_&_Organizers_Fight_Back_to_Preserve_Access⠀⇛ In Arizona, Republican lawmakers have blocked efforts by Democrats to repeal an 1864 law — first written before women had the right to vote and recently revived by the state’s Supreme Court — that bans nearly all abortions under threat of criminal penalties including jail time. To respond, we host a trio of reproductive justice advocates in Arizona. Dr. DeShawn Taylor, an OB-GYN physician, abortion provider and the CEO of the only Black woman-operated abortion clinic in Arizona, emphasizes that her practice “will continue to provide abortions until we are made to stop,” but warns that in the future “abortions likely will not happen in Arizona because of those criminal penalties.” Meanwhile, organizers like Chris Love and Alejandra Pablos are fighting back. Love is a spokesperson for Arizona for Abortion Access, a coalition of reproductive rights organizations working to put a constitutional amendment on abortion on the state’s upcoming November ballot. The petition for the proposed ballot measure is still collecting signatures. “We know what we want, and we want people to have the care that they need,” concludes Pablos, who organizes for reproductive, racial and immigrant rights. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Organic_Material_Detected_in_Eggshell Fossils_Could_Unlock_Dinosaur_Secrets⠀⇛ A scientific windfall. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Breakthrough_Parkinson's_Gene_Discovery Sheds_Light_on_Evolutionary_Origin⠀⇛ # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Experimental_Treatment_For_Spinal_Cord Injury_Shows_Improvement_in_7_of_10_Patients⠀⇛ It looks ever more promising. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ 'Impulse_buying'_booze_online_could_be_restricted in_Latvia⠀⇛ A proposal by the Ministry of Health and medical experts to ban alcohol sales on the Internet did not win the support of the majority of the committee in charge on Wednesday, 10 April. Instead, MPs agreed on a compromise that would exclude impulse purchases of alcoholic beverages over the Internet, Latvian Television reported on April 11. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Brain_Acidity_Linked_With_Multiple Neurological_Disorders⠀⇛ A common underlying problem for many diseases? o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Joint_statement:_Finding_the_good_in_the_first UN_General_Assembly_resolution_on_artificial_intelligence⠀⇛ We, the undersigned civil society organizations, welcome the United States-led United Nations (UN) General Assembly resolution “Seizing the opportunities of safe, secure and trustworthy artificial intelligence systems for sustainable development.” # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Activists_press_Fashion_Company_Apple to_oppose_Vietnam's_detainments_of_climate_experts⠀⇛ Apple was pressed on Thursday to take action on Vietnam's detention of climate experts, with activist organizations saying it should weigh in given that the country has become a key manufacturing hub for the iPhone maker. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Company_At_Center_Of_Sports_Illustrated,_Gannett ‘AI’_Content_Scandals_Continues_To_Fail_Upward⠀⇛ So you might recall that both Gannett and Sports Illustrated were caught recently creating fake, “AI” generated journalists to create fake, plagiarism-prone “journalism.” In both instances the kind of brunchlord executives that fail upward at these kind of companies thought it would be great to replace real human journalism with automated junk — without informing their actual human employees. o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Virtual_Reality_and_the_'Virtual_Wall'⠀⇛ EFF Director of Investigations Dave Maass recently gave a lightning talk at University of Nevada, Reno's annual XR Meetup explaining how virtual reality, perhaps ironically, has allowed us to better understand the reality of border surveillance. # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Joint_statement_–_The_EU_Migration_Pact: a_dangerous_regime_of_migrant_surveillance⠀⇛ The EU New Pact on Migration and Asylum ushers in a deadly new era of digital surveillance, expanding the digital infrastructure for an EU border regime based on the criminalisation and punishment of migrants and racialised people.  # ⚓ Privacy International ☛ The_EU_Migration_Pact:_a dangerous_regime_of_migrant_surveillance⠀⇛ # ⚓ Privacy International ☛ PI_seeks_to_inform_report_on Hey_Hi_(AI)_and_racial_discrimination_of_the_UN_Special Rapporteur_on_racism⠀⇛ # ⚓ Reason ☛ Republicans_Split_on_Whether_FBI_Should_Be Able_To_Snoop_Without_a_Warrant⠀⇛ A Section 702 reauthorization moving through Congress could actually weaken privacy protections. # ⚓ RFA ☛ In_China,_drones,_social_control_media_monitor foreign_journalists:_report⠀⇛ More than 80% of journalists say they have faced harassment and violence while doing their jobs. # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Renewal_of_controversial surveillance_law_screeches_to_a_halt_in_the_House⠀⇛ Lawmakers defeated a procedure allowing debate on extending Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ After_Trump_Broadside,_FISA_Bill Collapses_in_the_House⠀⇛ Right-wing lawmakers blocked a move by Speaker Johnson to extend a key foreign intelligence surveillance tool after former President Donald J. Trump urged lawmakers to “kill” the law underlying it. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ YLE ☛ McDonald's_stabbing_suspect_held_in_remand_custody⠀⇛ The man, in his 30s, is suspected of manslaughter. # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ US_Senator_Says_Fentanylware_(TikTok) Divestiture_Period_Could_Be_Extended_to_One_Year_—_Putting_a ‘Ban’_Into_2025⠀⇛ The chair of the US Senate Commerce Committee said that the Fentanylware (TikTok) divestiture period could be extended to one year, pushing a potential ‘ban’ into 2025. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ India,_China_should_urgently_address ‘prolonged_situation’_on_borders,_Modi_says⠀⇛ Ties between India and China have been strained since troops of both countries clashed in 2020. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Philippines’_Marcos_denies_‘gentleman’s_agreement’ with_Beijing_over_South_China_Sea⠀⇛ President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. says he is ‘horrified’ by the idea that his predecessor compromised Philippine sovereignty. # ⚓ RFA ☛ China's_Pooh-tin_Jinping_meets_former_Taiwanese president⠀⇛ Xi reasserts Beijing's claim on Taiwan amid reports of a Chinese smear campaign during 2024 presidential poll. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Explainer:_Why_are_China_and Philippines_tensions_heating_up_over_South_China_Sea?⠀⇛ MANILA - An escalating diplomatic row and recent maritime run-ins between China and the Philippines, a U.S. treaty ally, have made the highly strategic South China Sea a potential flashpoint between Washington and Beijing. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China_says_EU_subsidy_probes_interfere with_China,_Europe_cooperation⠀⇛ BEIJING - Subsidy investigations started by the European Union interfere with the mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Europe, and China resolutely opposes them, a Chinese commerce ministry official said. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ No_Forces_Can_Separate_Taiwan_From_China: President_Xi⠀⇛ Only as part of one family can mutual understanding be enhanced, the Chinese leader said. # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Modernising_defence_must_respect international_humanitarian_law⠀⇛ The integration of artificial intelligence and autonomous systems is essential to ensuring that Australia is capable of defending its interests now and into the future [...] # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trudeau_to_Testify_in_Foreign_Election Interference_Inquiry⠀⇛ Prime Minister Justin Trudeau testified that past elections had been “free and fair,” but intelligence reports said meddling by China was “sophisticated” and “pervasive.” # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Judge_Tells_Corrections_Officers_To_‘Suck_It_Up’ If_They_Can’t_Handle_An_Endless_Stream_Of_Executions⠀⇛ We’ve long known no one cares what happens to people who are incarcerated. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Greek_Solution:_Greece's_far_right_gathers_steam before_EU_elections⠀⇛ With two months to go before the European elections, the Greek far right continues to make headway since ultranationalist parties achieved record scores in the last legislative elections. The Greek Solution party, which currently has only one MEP in the European Parliament, continues its ascension in the polls. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Iowa_Gov._Kim_Reynolds_signs_law_allowing_police to_arrest_certain_migrants⠀⇛ "Those who come into our country illegally have broken the law, yet Biden refuses to deport them. This bill gives Iowa law enforcement the power to do what he is unwilling to do: enforce immigration laws already on the books." # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ University_publishes_Annual_Security Report,_drives_conversation_about_rape_culture⠀⇛ The university’s release of the 2023 Annual Security Report has started critical conversations within the community. Under the Clery Act, college campuses are required to publish an Annual Security Report each year. The purpose of the act is to provide transparency around campus crime, policies and procedures. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Firefighters_battle_blaze_at_Hong Kong_construction_site_for_more_than_24_hours⠀⇛ A fire that broke out on Tuesday at a Tin Shui Wai construction site has raged on for more than 24 hours, as firefighters continued battling the blaze on Wednesday evening. Firefighters entered the site’s basement level on Wednesday morning. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Hamas_Leader_Ismail_Haniyeh_Defiant_After Israeli_Strike_Kills_3_of_His_Sons⠀⇛ Israel confirmed the killing of the sons of the Hamas political leader, Ismail Haniyeh, and said all three were Hamas military operatives. # ⚓ France24 ☛ 🔴_Live:_Biden_promises_Israel_'ironclad'_support against_Iran_reprisals⠀⇛ US President Joe Biden on Wednesday promised "ironclad" support for Israel as Iran threatens reprisals over a strike that leveled an Iranian consulate building in Damascus and killed two generals. Follow our liveblog for all the latest developments on the Israel-Hamas war. # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Four_ways_Iran_could_retaliate_against Israel’s_latest_strike⠀⇛ The question is whether Iran most wants to meaningfully deter Israel or to avoid regional escalation—because Tehran probably cannot do both. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_Says_Netanyahu_Is_Making_‘a_Mistake’ in_Gaza⠀⇛ In an interview recorded last week, the president said again that an Israeli strike on aid workers in Gaza was an outrage. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Iran_Says_Israel_‘Will_Be_Punished’_for Strike_in_Syria⠀⇛ The leadership of Iran has repeatedly vowed to avenge the deadly April 1 strike on an Iranian Embassy building in Damascus. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Israel’s_Security_Depends_on_Rafah⠀⇛ The potential gains in future security for Israelis and in regional peace make the risk of attacking the city worth it. # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Biden_and_Japan’s_Kishida_bolster_defense_ties to_counter_China⠀⇛ Amid tension with China over the future of Taiwan, part of U.S. strategy is a major upgrade of security ties with Japan. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ With_eyes_on_China,_US_and_Japan_vow new_security_collaboration⠀⇛ Biden stressed an unwavering US commitment to defend Japan using its full range of capabilities. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Myanmar_troops_retreat_to_Thai_border bridge_after_days_of_fighting⠀⇛ Thailand’s military has stepped up security on its side of the border. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Israeli_Attacks_Kills_Hamas_Leader_Ismail Haniyeh’s_Sons⠀⇛ The Israeli security service Shin Bet and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said in a joint statement that "an aircraft struck three Hamas military operatives." # ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Rwanda’s_genocide_could_have_been_prevented: 3_things_the_international_community_should_have_done⠀⇛ As the world marks the 30th anniversary of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi ethnic group in Rwanda, it is important to understand what the international community could have done to prevent it. In one hundred days an estimated 600,000 to 800,000 Rwandans were killed. # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ The_Peril_of_Forgetting_Guantánamo⠀⇛ Guantánamo? Remind me, what’s that? Oh, wait, how could I have forgotten? It’s that all-American offshore prison of injustice, opened in January 2002, that became the holding area for this country’s prisoners in its “war on terror,” many of whom had been tortured at CIA “black sites” elsewhere on the planet. # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ YLE ☛ Stubb:_Finland_will_be_a_loyal,_constructive, responsible_Nato_partner⠀⇛ Finnish President Alexander Stubb's visit to Brussels marked the country's one-year anniversary of joining the alliance. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Top_Navalny_ally_Volkov_says_'very_clear' attack_on_him_was_ordered_by_Kremlin⠀⇛ FRANCE 24 spoke to Leonid Volkov, former chief of staff to the late Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny. On March 12, Volkov was assaulted in the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, where he has lived in exile since 2019. "I was attacked by someone with a hammer in the dark in front of my house," Volkov said, explaining that he was left with a badly injured leg and broken hand. "It's very clear for me that [the attack] has been an order from [the] Kremlin", he added, saying that "every evidence that I have shows this". The Russian dissident also explained that he receives online threats "pretty much daily". o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Climate_Change_Is_Already_Forcing_People_From Their_Homes⠀⇛ Another great American migration is now underway, this time forced by the warming that is altering how and where people can live. For now, it’s just a trickle. But in the corners of the country’s most vulnerable landscapes — on the shores of its sinking bayous and on the eroding bluffs of its coastal defenses — populations are already in disarray. A couple of miles west of downtown Slidell, Louisiana, and just upstream from the broad expanse of Lake Pontchartrain — the 40-by-24-mile-wide brackish estuary separating what is now the mainland from New Orleans — a five-room shotgun house sits on a plot of marshy lawn near the edge of Liberty Bayou. Colette Pichon Battle’s mother had been born in that house. Colette, bright-eyed and ambitious, devoutly Catholic, a force on the volleyball court, was raised in the house until the day she left for college. The family’s very identity had grown from the waters of the marsh around it. From a humble rectangle of wood, framed onto brick stanchions that kept it hovering several feet above the ground, shaded by the long beards of Spanish moss hanging from the limbs of towering oaks and a hardy pine, a family was born. Its Creole heritage near the acre of low-lying land goes deeper than the trees, deeper than the United States as a nation, to around 1770. Those roots withstood the tests of centuries: slavery, war and more than their share of storms. # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Driven_by_China,_Coal_Plants_Made_a Comeback_in_2023⠀⇛ The country, along with India, is still building power stations that run on coal. Elsewhere, retirements of older plants have slowed. # ⚓ France24 ☛ US_officials_probing_Boeing_whistleblower claims_on_787_airliner⠀⇛ Federal aviation authorities are investigating claims by a Boeing engineer that the 787 Dreamliner suffers from assembly defects that threaten safety, US officials said Tuesday. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ PC Mag ☛ After_Geek_Squad_Layoffs,_Best_Buy_to_Tap_AI_for Customer_Support [Ed: It is not customer support, it is gaslighting]⠀⇛ Best Buy plans on launching an AI-powered customer support service, a week after conducting mass layoffs of Geek Squad employees. Best Buy is developing the project using Google's Gemini AI models, with the goal of launching the AI-powered "self-service" customer support option in late summer. According to the retailer, the tool promises to "greatly improve the experience for Best Buy customers." In a post on Google's blog, a Best Buy executive adds that the upcoming customer support service will act as a "gen AI-powered virtual assistant," suggesting it'll be similar to interacting with Gemini or OpenAI's ChatGPT. # ⚓ Amazon_Phases_Out_Developer_Incentives,_Embraces_AI_to Revitalize_Alexa's_Competitive_Edge⠀⇛ AMZN will discontinue its Alexa Developer Rewards Program, which previously paid creators of popular Alexa applications monthly, by the end of June. # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Another_Latvian_collector_coin_on_the_way⠀⇛ Tuesday, April 16 will see the Latvian central bank (Latvijas Banka, LB) issuing another in its series of coins for collectors. This one is named 'Across the Times' and is dedicated the the Ethnographic Open-air Museum of Latvia. # ⚓ The_Sour_Taste_of_Entitlement⠀⇛ So this person, let's call them Jo, was hungry and had no money. Walking the streets, they come across a square where a group of people are working in a communal open kitchen, serving delicious hot meals free of charge. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finnwatch:_Tax_loopholes_cost_state_€1bn_a_year⠀⇛ "Our tax system is full of loopholes that are chiefly used by corporations and the wealthiest and most profitable business owners," a Finnwatch tax expert says. # ⚓ YLE ☛ Alko_profits_slump⠀⇛ Finland reserves some types of alcohol sales for the state-owned Alko chain. # ⚓ YLE ☛ IL:_Finnish_YouTuber_faces_charges_over_€80k_in unpaid_taxes⠀⇛ Beata Rodas is suspected of failure to pay more than 80,000 euros in taxes, newspaper Iltalehti reports. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Fitch_downgrades_outlook_on_China_to_negative⠀⇛ The ratings agency cites a struggling property sector and weak consumer spending # ⚓ France24 ☛ Fitch_downgrades_China’s_sovereign_credit outlook,_citing_economic_uncertainties⠀⇛ Ratings agency Fitch said Wednesday it had downgraded China's sovereign credit outlook to negative, citing increased risks to the country's public finances, in a move Beijing swiftly called "regrettable". # ⚓ Reason ☛ Inflation_Is_So_Back⠀⇛ Consumer prices rose 0.4 percent in March and the annual inflation rate ticked up to 3.5 percent, the highest rate seen since September. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ At_the_Japan_State_Dinner,_Jill_Biden Turns_to_Oscar_de_la_Renta⠀⇛ The first lady was glittering in crystals — four days after Melania Trump stepped out in pink at a Palm Beach fund-raiser. Together, the pictures offer a harbinger of what is to come. # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Commissioner_Johansson's_Plenary Speech_on_the_Pact_on_Migration_and_Asylum⠀⇛ Migration is about human beings, men, women and children. # ⚓ Reason ☛ Social_Media,_Freedom_of_Speech,_and_Common Carriers:_Response_to_Adam_Candeub⠀⇛ If adopted by the Supreme Court, Prof. Candeub's approach would be a grave menace to freedom of speech. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Celebrating_Eid_in_NYC:_Looks_from_Hasan Minhaj,_Ramy_Youssef_and_More⠀⇛ Hasan Minhaj and Ramy Youssef joined hundreds of Muslims dressed to the nines at a morning prayer gathering in New York for the Eid al-Fitr holiday. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ South_Korean_Election_to_Set_Tone_for Remainder_of_President’s_Term⠀⇛ The vote on Wednesday was a big test for President Yoon Suk Yeol, who has forged closer ties with the United States and Japan but whose domestic agenda has stalled. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Lame_duck_period_looms_for_South Korea’s_Yoon_as_ruling_party_awaits_election_defeat⠀⇛ SEOUL - With exit polls on April 10 indicating a significant election defeat for South Korea’s ruling People Power Party (PPP), analysts have warned that President Yoon Suk-yeol’s administration may be crippled in the National Assembly and be unable to push through policies. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Korea_leader_Kim_Jong_Un_says_now is_the_time_to_be_ready_for_war:_KCNA⠀⇛ North Korea has stepped up weapons development in recent years under Mr Kim. # ⚓ France24 ☛ As_South_Korea_votes,_threat_from_North_looms over_frontline_island_of_Yeonpyeong⠀⇛ As South Koreans head to the polls for a parliamentary election, the country's worsening ties with North Korea are high on the agenda. The small South Korean island of Yeonpyeong is located about 12 kilometres from the North Korean coast. In January, Pyongyang fired live artillery into nearby waters, forcing islanders into air raid shelters. The island could be first in the line of fire if conflict breaks out between the North and South. FRANCE 24's Constantin Simon, Hwang Se-jeong and Justin McCurry report from Yeonpyeong. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea_opposition_wins_landslide parliamentary_vote_in_blow_to_Yoon⠀⇛ But it is unlikely they have secured a super majority that could break presidential vetoes. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korean_prime_minister_offers_to resign_after_party_defeat:_Yonhap⠀⇛ His party was trounced by the opposition in parliamentary elections and failed to win back a majority. # ⚓ France24 ☛ South_Korea's_president_promises_reforms_after opposition_victory⠀⇛ South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol promised "reform" and the head of his ruling party resigned on Thursday after a disastrous election increased the opposition's stranglehold on parliament. # ⚓ France24 ☛ South_Korea_opposition_wins_landslide_victory_in parliamentary_vote⠀⇛ South Korea's liberal opposition parties scored a landslide victory in a parliamentary election held on Wednesday, dealing a resounding blow to President Yoon Suk Yeol and his conservative party but likely falling just short of a super majority. # ⚓ France24 ☛ South_Koreans_go_to_the_polls_for_parliamentary election_in_test_for_President_Yoon⠀⇛ South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol faces a crucial test Wednesday, as voters go to the polls for a parliamentary election that could determine whether he becomes a lame duck for his remaining three years in office. # ⚓ France24 ☛ China's_Pooh-tin_meets_with_Taiwan’s_former president_Ma_in_Beijing⠀⇛ Chinese President Pooh-tin Jinping on Wednesday met with Taiwan’s former leader Ma Ying-jeou in Beijing, state media said, in a rare display of cross-strait dialogue. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ China’s_leader_Pooh-tin_Jinping tells_Taiwan_ex-president_Ma_Ying-jeou_that_‘no_force_can separate_us’⠀⇛ By Matthew Walsh Chinese President Pooh-tin Jinping said Wednesday that “external interference” would not stop Beijing from unifying with Taiwan, as he met the self-ruled island’s former leader in a rare display of cross-strait dialogue. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Why_Pooh-tin_Jinping_is_Meeting_Ma_Ying- jeou,_Taiwan’s_Ex-President⠀⇛ China is using talks between its top leader and Ma Ying-jeou to signal a willingness to engage with Taiwan — but only on its terms. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_and_Kishida_Agree_to_Tighten Military_and_Economic_Ties_to_Counter_China⠀⇛ President Biden is hosting Japan’s prime minister, Fumio Kishida, for a state visit as part of a broad diplomatic outreach. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon_Claims_Twitter’s_Traffic_Is_At_An All-Time_High_Because_He_Can’t_Be_Bothered_To Understand_The_Misleading_Data_People_Show_Him⠀⇛ Elon Musk is like the most gullible confirmation bias sucker who has ever existed. If you present him with literally anything that confirms his priors, no matter how obviously bullshit, he’ll run with it as truth. His Twitter feed is just non-stop stupid people feeding him nonsense, and when he sees something he agrees with, he immediately promotes it, no questions asked. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Meta_is_facing_a_backlash_over_its_cautious policy_on_political_content⠀⇛ Hundreds of Instagram creators today issued an open letter expressing their concern with Meta Platforms Inc.’s recent policy of limiting political content on the platform. In February, Meta announced new policies regarding limiting political content, given this year will see a U.S. presidential election and a groundbreaking number of elections around the world. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_activist_tells_national security_trial_he_never_spoke_to_or_met_media_mogul_Jimmy Lai⠀⇛ A Hong Kong activist allegedly instructed by media mogul Jimmy Lai to call for international sanctions against the city and China has testified that he never spoke to or met the mogul. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Hong_Kong_deports_Reporters_Without_Borders representative_sent_to_monitor_Jimmy_Lai’s_trial⠀⇛ Reporters Without Borders (RSF) stated on Wednesday that Hong Kong authorities detained its representative Aleksandra Bielakowska for six hours and later deported her from the territory. Bielakowska was about to attend the trial of Jimmy Lai, the founder of Apple Daily. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Hong_Kong_Detains_and_Expels_Journalism Advocate,_Group_Says⠀⇛ A representative of Reporters Without Borders was attempting to monitor the national security trial of a media tycoon, Jimmy Lai. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Assange_case:_Albanese_eagerly_grabs_at_crumbs from_Biden⠀⇛ In the same way that a hungry traveller who has been wandering in the wilderness without food or water for months would grab at any sustenance, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has leapt upon a throwaway remark from US President Joe Biden about freedom for WikiLeaks founder and publisher Julian Assange. Between now and then, one has no doubt that Albanese would be listening with pricked ears for any more mumbled comments from Biden on the subject. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Prison_Telecom_Monopolies_&_Michigan_Counties Sued_For_Kickback_Deals_That_Banned_In-Person_Visits_To_Boost Phone_And_Video_Revenues⠀⇛ However terrible telecom monopolies are in the free world, they’re arguably worse in prisons. For decades, journalists and researchers have outlined how a select number of prison telecom giants like Securus have enjoyed a cozy, government-kickback based monopoly over prison phone and teleconferencing services, resulting sky high rates (upwards of $14 per minute at some prisons) for inmate families. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Imprisoned_Kazakh_Activist_Launches_Hunger_Strike Over_Medical_Assistance⠀⇛ Imprisoned Kazakh activist Aigerim Tileuzhanova has launched a hunger strike to protest against what she called a "violation of her rights" in a correctional colony in the Almaty region, her colleague Marat Turymbetov said on April 10. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Tedium ☛ The_Post-SEO_Era⠀⇛ What happens when a news site launches that basically ignores the SEO orthodoxy? Easy: They do fascinating stuff. Hence, Robinhood’s Sherwood. # ⚓ APNIC ☛ APNIC_membership_hits_10,000⠀⇛ On 29 February 2024, APNIC welcomed its 10,000th Member. # ⚓ [Repeat] APNIC ☛ Email_is_getting_harder_to_self-host._Or is_it?⠀⇛ About new email deliverability guidelines for Google, Yahoo, and Outlook. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ 30_States_Considering_‘Right_To_Repair’_Reforms in_2024⠀⇛ Oregon recently became the seventh state to pass “right to repair” legislation making it easier, cheaper, and more convenient to repair technology you own. The bill’s passage came on the heels of legislation passed in Massachusetts (in 2012 and 2020), Colorado (in 2022 and 2023), New York, Minnesota, Maine and California. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ We_never_agreed_to_only_buy_HP_ink,_say printer_owners_•_The_Register⠀⇛ § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾ o ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Why_China’s_regulators_are_softening_on its_tech_sector⠀⇛ o § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ JUVE ☛ Recordati_creates_new_head_IP_counsel_role_with major_Zentiva_hire [Ed: Fake news or marketing/spam disguised as news, i.e. the usual from JUVE?]⠀⇛ Kristin Cooklin has moved into the newly created role of group head IP counsel at Italy-based pharmaceutical company, Recordati. # ⚓ JUVE ☛ LOGEX_hires_legal_counsel_from_Pinsent_Masons_in Amsterdam [Ed: This is definitely PR spam because the role is not even newsworthy]⠀⇛ Maud de Haas (28) is now part of the LOGEX team in a legal counsel role, following a two-year stint at the Amsterdam office of Pinsent Masons. LOGEX, which is also situated in the Dutch capital, specialises in transforming healthcare data into insights. She joined the team on 8 April. # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ DKR_Consulting_e-commerce_patent_monopoly challenged⠀⇛ On April 9, 2024, Unified Patents filed an ex parte reexamination proceeding against U.S._Patent 11,455,678, owned and asserted by DKR Consulting, LLC. The ‘678 patent monopoly relates to the generation and distribution of widgets for commerce over the internet. # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Using_Hey_Hi_(AI)_in_your_Patent Practice⠀⇛ Over the past year I’ve been investigating various generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools for assisting patent monopoly attorneys in their practice.  I have a strong belief that these tools and their progeny are now fixtures in our legal environment and are being used to both improve efficient delivery of legal services and to also improve the quality of those services.  Of course the generative creativity of our LLMs go hand in hand with hidden false narratives or hallucinations. Vendors are stepping up to thread the needle here: providing valuable GenAI tools while limiting false story telling.  As we move forward some of the struggle will be a focus on how much the attorney needs to know about how the GenAI works in order to use it responsibly. # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Docketing_Nightmare:_CPA_Global wins_Despite_their_Docketing_Error;_Law_Firm_still_on_the hook_for_Missed_Deadline⠀⇛ In a recent unpublished decision, the Georgia Court of Appeals affirmed summary judgment in favor of CPA Global Support Services, LLC (“CPA”) (now part of Clarivate) against a claim of negligent misrepresentation brought by inventor James C. Robinson, M.D. and his patent monopoly holding company (Spectrum Spine).  Robinson’s firm FisherBroyles had relied upon the dates erroneously entered by CPA and missed the national stage filing deadlines.  The parallel case against FisherBroyles is still pending in Georgia state court. Robinson v. CPA Global Support Services, LLC, No. A24A0405 (Ga. Ct. App. Apr. 8, 2024). CPA vs Robinson. The case serves as an important reminder about the limitations on vendor liability for negligent misrepresentation claims in the absence of contractual privity — and how attorneys are often stuck in the middle. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ Open_Source_Zone_continues_to_enjoy wide_industry_support_after_5_years⠀⇛ A recent article discussed how Open_Invention Network_(OIN), The_'Linux' Foundation, Microsoft and a growing list of companies have renewed their support of Unified’s Open_Source_Zone for the fifth consecutive year. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Amazon_owes_$525_million_in_cloud- storage_patent_fight:_US_jury⠀⇛ Amazon Web Services, the world's largest cloud-service provider, owes tech company Kove $525 million for violating its patent rights in data-storage technology, an Illinois federal jury said on Wednesday. The jury determined that AWS infringed three Kove patents covering technology that Kove said had become "essential" to the ability of Amazon's cloud-computing arm to "store and retrieve massive amounts of data." # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Roku_Files_Patent_for_Plastering_Ads_on Top_of_Anything_on_Your_TV⠀⇛ That's right: whether you're using your gaming console or watching cable, this potential system could plaster an ad on top of whatever you're using your Roku TV to look at — so long as it's hooked up with an HDMI cable. According to a patent application filed in August and published in November, the tech would shove ads onto your screen whenever it detects a break in activity. Pause your game or movie, for example, and the Roku TV would seize the moment to overlay a "relevant ad." Should this actually be implemented, Roku will have finally conquered one of its major "blind spots," as Lowpass puts it: until now, its TVs haven't been able to "see" what you're doing on your HDMI devices. o § Trademarks⠀➾ # § Right of Publicity⠀➾ # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Those_"AI_Influencers"_Are_Deepfaking_Fake Faces_Onto_Real_Women's_Bodies_Without_Permission⠀⇛ The humans behind the accounts of "virtual influencers," or AI-generated characters that masquerade as the real thing on social media, are now pasting fake faces onto the bodies of real models and sex workers, 404 Media reports. It's a particularly egregious new development in the burgeoning industry of AI-generated models, who've been taking over platforms like Instagram and TikTok. Many of these accounts link to OnlyFans competitors, offering fans paid subscriptions. o § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ YLE ☛ Early_radio_helped_make_composer_Jean_Sibelius_an international_star⠀⇛ The Finnish master wrote more than 550 original works in his life — the most famous of which was likely the symphonic tone poem, Finlandia, composed in 1900. # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Universal_Music_Inks_Distribution_Deal With_TF_Entertainment,_Underscores_Goal_of_‘Elevating_Chinese Pop_Music_to_Global_Acclaim’⠀⇛ As China’s music industry continues to expand – and with a growing portion of domestic talent tapping into international fanbases – Universal Music Group (UMG) has inked a partnership deal with Beijing- headquartered TF Entertainment. UMG announced the TF Entertainment tie-up today, executing the seemingly far-reaching pact specifically via Universal Music Greater China. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Hollywood_Believes_The_Time_Is_Ripe_To_Bring Back_SOPA⠀⇛ It’s been twelve years since the big SOPA/PIPA fight. I’ve been talking with a few folks lately about how it feels like many people have either forgotten that story or weren’t paying attention when it happened. Two years ago, we did a 10-year retrospective on the fight, and it feels like some people need a refresher. Most notably, Charles Rivkin, the head of the MPA (formerly the MPAA), certainly appears to need a refresher because he just announced it’s time to bring back SOPA. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ New_Law_Would_Force_AI_Companies_to_Reveal Copyrighted_Training_Data⠀⇛ The proposed Generative AI Copyright Disclosure Act, if passed, would require businesses to disclose a list of all the copyrighted content they used in a training data set for any new models at least 30 days before they are made public. For current models already being used by consumers, businesses would still be required to disclose copyrighted content if they alter training data "in a significant manner." Companies would have to file the disclosure with the Register of Copyrights or face a potential monetary penalty for non-compliance. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ MPs_bemoan_UK's_lack_of_protection_for copyright_against_AI⠀⇛ The UK creative industries have been valued at £109 billion ($136.65 billion), including the global TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, the Harry Potter books and films, the works of multiple Grammy award-winner Adele, and Rockstar Games' Grand Theft Auto franchise. Yet, according to MPs, industries may not feel their work is safe from the industrialized mimicry of the new generation of AI models. # ⚓ The United Kingdom Parliament ☛ House_of_Commons:_Culture, Media_and_Sport_Committee:_Creator_remuneration_Fifth_Report of_Session_2023–24 [PDF]⠀⇛ We consider recent policy implications regarding the impact of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) on the creative industries, which we previously discussed in our report on Connected tech: AI and creative technology. We are particularly disappointed that the Government’s working group on AI and intellectual property has failed to come to an agreement between the creative industries and AI developers on creators’ consent and compensation regarding the use of their works to train AI. We call on the Government to ensure that creators have proper mechanisms to enforce their consent and receive fair compensation when their works are used by AI systems. Our report scrutinises the prevalence of freelancing within the creative industries. Freelancing has several theoretical advantages, such as allowing creators to choose projects they pursue. However, freelancing can also leave creators vulnerable to economic downturns, unable to access rights to annual leave, parental leave and sick pay and lacking other forms of employee support. More broadly, many creators experience poor working conditions, including inconsistent use of contracts and terms and conditions, uneven responses to bullying, harassment and discrimination and a lack of proper support, accounting, training and development. We recommend that the Government appoint a Freelancers’ Commissioner with appropriate powers and cross- departmental oversight to advocate in the interests of creative freelancers and address wider issues around contracts and working conditions. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ New_bill_aims_to_force_AI_firms_to_disclose use_of_copyrighted_material⠀⇛ Lawmakers in the U.S. Congress introduced a new bill on Tuesday that would force artificial intelligence companies such as OpenAI and Google LLC to reveal exactly what copyrighted material they use to train their large language models, which power generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT and Bard. The legislation is the latest in a series of efforts by lawmakers and other groups to compel AI firms to reveal how they use creative works, such as songs, books, art and movies, to train their software. # ⚓ US House Of Representatives ☛ This_Act_may_be_cited_as_the ‘‘Generative_AI_Copyright_Disclosure_Act_of_2024’’ [PDF]⠀⇛ REQUIREMENT .—A person who creates a training dataset, or alters a training dataset (including by making an update to, refining, or retraining the dataset) in a significant manner, that is used in building a generative AI system shall submit to the Register a notice that contains— [...] # ⚓ Wired ☛ How_to_Stop_Your_Data_From_Being_Used_to_Train_AI⠀⇛ Tech companies have scraped vast swathes of the web to gather the data they claim is needed to create generative AI—with little regard for content creators, copyright laws, or privacy. On top of this, increasingly, firms with reams of people’s posts are looking to get in on the AI gold rush by selling or licensing that information. Looking at you, Reddit. However, as the lawsuits and investigations around generative AI and its opaque data practices pile up, there have been small moves to give people more control over what happens to what they post online. Some companies now let individuals and business customers opt out of having their content used in AI training or being sold for training purposes. Here’s what you can—and can’t—do. # ⚓ Walled Culture ☛ A_French_collecting_society_wants_a_tax_on generative_AI,_payable_to…collecting_societies⠀⇛ That sounds all well and good, but as we noted last year, collecting societies around the world have a terrible record when it comes to sharing that remuneration with the creators they supposedly represent. Walled Culture the book (free digital versions available), quotes from a report revealing “a long history of corruption, mismanagement, confiscation of funds, and lack of transparency [by collecting societies] that has deprived artists of the revenues they earned”. They also have a tendency to adopt a maximalist interpretation of their powers. Here are few choice examples of their actions over the years: [...] # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Bill_would_require_AIs_to_reveal copyrighted_training_data⠀⇛ A bill introduced in the US House of Representatives would require those training AI models to disclose any and all copyrighted works used, and it would apply retroactively. Proposed yesterday by Congressman Adam Schiff (D- CA), the Generative AI Copyright Disclosure Act [PDF] could prove a huge headache for AI companies using copyrighted work to train large language models and other forms of machine learning systems. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ 'Pirated'_TikTok_Clips_Help_to_Promote_TV Series,_Research_Finds⠀⇛ A new academic study shows that condensed video clips of TV shows, posted on services such as TikTok, can serve as free advertising. This means that efforts to take down these 'copyright infringing' or 'pirated' clips may be counterproductive. This type of 'piracy' can be helpful, though there are some important caveats. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ BREIN_Battled_ISPs_For_Years;_They're United_Against_Pirate_IPTV_Services⠀⇛ Dutch anti-piracy group BREIN and local ISPs Ziggo and KPN have long been at odds over the issue of piracy. In particular, the thorny issue of whether The Pirate Bay should be blocked in the Netherlands, dragged on for years. But now, as BREIN continues its battle against pirate IPTV providers, the ISPs' sales of bundled TV services are also feeling the squeeze. Suddenly, all three agree; something more substantial is required to counter the growth of pirate IPTV. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 7293 ➮ Generation completed at 02:49, i.e. 8 seconds to (re)generate ⟲