𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, April 17, 2024
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Generated Thu 18 Apr 02:49:22 BST 2024
Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖)
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2024/04/17/


╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⦿ Techrights  -  Bad faith: Debian logo and theme use authorized

⦿ Techrights  -  How does unpaid Debian work impact our families?

⦿ Techrights  -  How do teams work in Debian?

⦿ Techrights  -  IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, April 16, 2024

⦿ Techrights  -  Jack Wallen Has Been Assigned by ZDNet to Write Fake (Sponsored) 'Reviews'

⦿ Techrights  -  Joint Authors & Debian Family Legitimate Interests

⦿ Techrights  -  Management-Friendly Staff Representatives at the EPO Voted Out (or Simply Did Not Run Anymore)

⦿ Techrights  -  [Meme] The Heart of Staff Rep

⦿ Techrights  -  Microsofters in 'Linux Foundation' Clothing Continue to Shift Security Scrutiny to 'Linux'

⦿ Techrights  -  Microsoft's Windows Falls to All-Time Low and Layoffs Reported by Managers in the Windows Division

⦿ Techrights  -  North America, Home of Microsoft and of Windows, is Moving to GNU/Linux

⦿ Techrights  -  Over at Tux Machines...

⦿ Techrights  -  When you give money to Debian, where does it go?

 ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Bad_faith_Debian_logo_and_theme_use_authorized.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_does_unpaid_Debian_work_impact_our_families.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_do_teams_work_in_Debian.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/IRC_Proceedings_Tuesday_April_16_2024.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Jack_Wallen_Has_Been_Assigned_by_ZDNet_to_Write_Fake_Sponsored_.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Joint_Authors_Debian_Family_Legitimate_Interests.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Management_Friendly_Staff_Representatives_at_the_EPO_Voted_Out_.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Meme_The_Heart_of_Staff_Rep.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsofters_in_Linux_Foundation_Clothing_Continue_to_Shift_Sec.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsoft_s_Windows_Falls_to_All_Time_Low_and_Layoffs_Reported_.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/North_America_Home_of_Microsoft_and_of_Windows_is_Moving_to_GNU.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/When_you_give_money_to_Debian_where_does_it_go.shtml

 ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Gemini_Links_17_04_2024_Failure_Is_An_Option_Profectus_Alpha_0_.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Links_17_04_2024_Free_Market_Policies_Wane_China_Marks_Economic.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Links_17_04_2024_SAP_Kwalee_and_Take_Two_Layoffs.shtml
https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Links_17_04_2024_TikTok_Killing_Youth_More_Layoff_Rounds.shtml

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 86

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Bad_faith_Debian_logo_and_theme_use_authorized.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Bad_faith_Debian_logo_and_theme_use_authorized.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Bad faith: Debian logo and theme use
authorized⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


Software in the Public Interest, Inc (SPI) has spent over $120,000_on_legal
fees_attacking_a_single_volunteer_who_resigned_at_a_time_of_grief_when_he_lost
two_family_members.


In the UDRP dispute over WeMakeFedora.org, the_legal_panel_found that
communications from IBM Red Hat had authorized use of the domain name and
therefore, IBM Red Hat themselves were acting in bad faith by trying to
retrospectively launch a dispute.


The authorizations published on the debian.org web site are even more
unambiguous, unconditional and explicit than the authorizations that IBM Red
Hat gave to the owner of WeMakeFedora.org.


Therefore, Software in the Public Interest, Inc has no right to complain about
third party web sites that "look like" debian.org.


Using the standards set by the WeMakeFedora.org verdict, we can say clearly
that Software in the Public Interest, Inc is acting in bad faith when it
complains about similar web sites.


We don't even need to pay a legal panel to tell us that because the hypocrisy
has a certain smell about it. Debian is rotting from the inside.


It is important to think about the consequences for the volunteers running
independent web sites. Many of us do this without payment. We do this as a
hobby. Dealing with harassment from lawyers creates stress and takes time away
from our families. If a WIPO panel was to make a declaration of bad faith about
us simply because we don't know how to write an adequate response and can't
afford a lawyer then the rogue WIPO verdict could have negative consequences
for our employment, ability to borrow money and ability to obtain or renew
essential insurance policies for our homes and our trade.


When you think about all those potentially negative consequenes for us as
volunteers, it is really wrong for SPI to seek such consequences despite the
fact they authorized use of the logo and theme.


That is why it is so important for the legal panel to make a verdict of bad
faith against SPI themselves.


§ Legitimate interest: redistribution of the Debian software is explicitly
authorized⠀➾


The Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines and the Open_Source_Definition evolved
together. One of the key pillars of both definitions is the authorization of
free redistribution of the software.


With this authorization, any person who obtains a copy of the software is
entitled to redistribute it.


The DebianGNULinux.org domain name was registered to do exactly that, to
redistribute copies of the Debian software. This activity has been authorized.


Remarkably, in one of their claims submitted to another tribunal, the misfits
explicitly describe a web site redistributing Debian as an outrageous crime,
despite the fact the DFSG and the license statement referred to earlier
explicitly authorize redistribution of genuine copies of Debian GNU/Linux.


            🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇complaint about debiangnulinux.org⦈


Such a flagrant violation of the principles in the DFSG appears to be bad faith
on the part of the complainant.


§ Legitimate interest: use of the logo is authorized⠀➾


The trademark holder has created a web page where they distribute_copies_of_the
logo_in_many_different_electronic_formats.


The page describes two versions of the logo, the open logo and the restricted
use logo.


The page gives a free-for-all license to use the open logo.


The logo I am using on pages about my Debian work is the open logo.


Here is the text of the authorization from the trademark holder:


     The Debian Open Use Logo comes in two flavors, with and without
     “Debian” label.


     The Debian Open Use Logo(s) are Copyright (c) 1999 Software in the
     Public Interest, Inc., and are released under the terms of the GNU
     Lesser General Public License, version 3 or any later version, or, at
     your option, of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
     Unported License.


§ Legitimate interest: use of Debian-themed web page style⠀➾


The Debian web page style is used extensively on third party web sites run by
individual co-authors and volunteers.


At the bottom of every page on the main www.debian.org web site there is a link
to a dedicated page about the licenses (authorization) to re-use the theme and
content of www.debian.org.


The license link goes to the page https://www.debian.org/license. The page
includes the following authorization:


     Debian WWW Pages License Copyright © 1997-2024 Software in the Public
     Interest, Inc. and others
     SPI can be contacted at:
     1732 1st Ave #20327
     New York, NY 10128-5177
     United States




     Since 25 January 2012, the new material can be redistributed and/or
     modified under the terms of the MIT (Expat) License or, at your
     option, of the GNU General Public License; either version 2 of the
     License, or (at your option) any later version (the latest version is
     usually available at https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html).


     Work is in progress to make the older material compliant with the
     above licenses. Until then, please refer to the following terms of
     the Open Publication License.


     This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and
     conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, Draft v1.0 or
     later (you can read our local copy, the latest version is usually
     available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).


     “Debian” and the Debian Logo are trademarks of Software in the Public
     Interest, Inc.


The complainant publishes the source code for the web site theme. This makes it
easy for anybody empowered by the above license to download the theme and use
it when creating their own site.


At the bottom of every page on Debian.org, they promote the source code for the
web site with a link text "Web site source code is available".


Here is the link to download_source_code_for_the_theme_of_the_Debian.org_web
site.


§ Bad faith: complainant reneges on existing authorizations⠀➾


As noted in the statements on legitimate interest, the complainant has clearly
authorized many of the things they complained about.


The Debian Social Contract, which states "We will not hide problems",
authorizes discussion of controversial technical, social and ethical topics. In
fact, it is more than an authorization, it encourages such discussions and
publications. Therefore, their complaining about what is published on these web
sites is itself an act of bad faith.


They authorized use of the logo, as discussed, so their complaining about use
of the logo is itself bad faith.


They put the web site theme and content under the open source licenses, as
discussed above, so their complaining about sites with a similar appearance is
itself bad faith.


Overall, for their claim of bad faith to supercede these authorizations, they
would have to demonstrate some extraordinary acts of wrongdoing, for example,
to show that a web site was using the trademark, domain name and logo to
distribute a virus. They provide no evidence of such wrongdoing. █




⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡟⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡟⠻⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⡙⠋⡉⠉⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠙⡏⠉⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠋⠙⠋⠙⡟⠋⠛⢻⠛⠋⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 312

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_does_unpaid_Debian_work_impact_our_families.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_does_unpaid_Debian_work_impact_our_families.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ How does unpaid Debian work impact our
families?⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


We can see that a WIPO panel was deceived about the origins of references to
branding in the nether regions. This controversy, which was mentioned in the
panel's finding against another domain, is rooted in the manner in which the
misfits created rogue commits in source code repositories on the anniversary of
our wedding.


There is a site DebianCommunity.org that explores the way this situation
evolved step-by-step. I didn't make this up and I'm not responsible for it. It
was imposed on my family by the culture of bullying. Other volunteers have
noted similar phenomena with the pack attacking them on their birthdays,
Christmas and Easter among others.


Specifically, we completed a civil wedding on 23 September 2010 and then we
completed the religious ceremony a few months later on 17 April 2011.


Here is the civil wedding certificate:


               🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Daniel Pocock marriage date⦈


Here we can see the rogue commit in the Debian keyring repository, on the date
of the civil wedding, overlaid with the photo of genital branding from NXIVM.


                      🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Debian, NXIVM⦈


Given the way this extreme harassment simultaneously intrudes on both my
professional life and my family life, I find these images even more horrific
than they were for the WIPO panel. Nonetheless, the images of genital branding
are as relevant as they are horrific when you consider the deliberate way these
misfits impose on our lives and our reputations.


Here is the date of the religious ceremony on my wedding ring, alongside the
tombstone of Adrian von Bidder, secretary of Debian.ch who died in what appears
to be a possible suicide on exactly the same day, 17 April 2011:


                   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇von Bidder tombstone⦈


What an incredibly toxic culture the Debian misfits are trying to hide with the
$120,000_spent_on_legal_fees.


The misfits have made multiple intrusions in the lives of volunteers. While the
scars are not identical, the mentality behind those scars is much the same. In
both Debian and NXIVM, some of the people feel they have a sense of entitlement
to impose upon all aspects of our lives and our future, whether it is through
branding, through gossip or through demanding that WIPO denounces individual
volunteers.


Here is one of the resignations from debian-private:


From Jérôme Marant:


     I must confess the load flamewars over the past months, along with
     the growing practice of public humiliation, personal attacks and hate
     campaigns made my last bits of motivation disappear entirely. Debian
     is no longer fun to me and I’m not interested in doing volunteer work
     in such a context one usually wouldn’t be able to avoid in real life.


and from Glenn McGrath:


     Due to mostly social and some technical aspects of debian i have lost
     my motivation to contribute directly to debian.


Quoting John Hasler:


     I’ve resigned. Your resignation procedure says I must announce that
     fact to this list. I’ve sent the requisite message to
     keyring@rt.debian.org and orphaned my packages. Please notify me if
     there is anything I’ve missed. Otherwise please do not respond.


§ December 2013: Meike Reichle resigns⠀➾


Reichle explains she met her husband through Debian. Sadly,_this_is_part_of_a
pattern.


§ August 2014: Wesley J. Landaker resigns from Debian⠀➾


From debian-private: █


     Anyway, times, beliefs, and policies have changed, and the easiest
     path for me right now is just to retire rather than waste precious
     time fighting for special exemptions or being forcefully kicked out.
     I always thought I’d be a Debian Developer until the day I died, but
     I’d rather retire than be run out of town. ;)




⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠻⠟⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣝⣿⣽⣧⣬⣽⣯⡀⢐⣴⣶⣦⣦⡆⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⣄⣤⣤⣦⣦⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣦⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠤⠜⠁⣤⣀⡁⠀⠇⠀⡿⠁⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣛⢛⣿⢟⡛⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⠀⢰⣶⡀⠀⠒⢢⡀⠋⠉⡁⠀⡆⠀⠁⢀⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣴⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣼⣶⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⢸⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠄⢀⠤⠀⠘⠋⠠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠄⠀⠀⠀⢁⠀⠁⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣤⣤⣦⣤⣾⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣧⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠋⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠋⠛⠫⠋⠉⠩⠙⠋⠽⠭⠏⠫⠽⠩⠯⠝⠯⠩⠩⠭⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠯⠿⠿⠽
⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢶⡶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣶⣦⣤⣤
⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⡉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠙⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠁⠈⠁⠀⠉⠉⢻⡏⠉⠙⠉⠙⣿⠀⠈⠉⠙⠉⠀⠀⠈⠋⠁⠐⠉⠀⠈⠛⠙⠉⠉⠀⠀⠙⠉⠛⠉⠛⠙⠛⣿⠛⠛⢻⡟⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠻⣻⠟⠛⠀⢸⢃⢸⣟⠿⣟⣏⣟⡟⣹⢹⢽⢽⠛⡏⣿⣿⡛⡟⢻⣿⢿⠟⢟⣏⣿⡿⡏⣿⣿⣿⢿⡻⣟⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣈⣁⣀⣀⡛⠓⠁⠆⠈⠉⢰⣬⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⢿⡿⡟⠀⠠⢿⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⢻⣻⣿⡿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠟⢛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣻⡟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⡀⠄⠐⢆⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣾⣷⣷⠀⠀⣠⣴⠶⠓⢺⡄⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣗⡄⠐⠀⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⡖⢠⣄⠤⠶⠴⠒⠀⠀⠐⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣵⣧⣧⠄⢰⡉⠻⠀⢢⣴⡄⢸⣷⣭⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⢇⣄⠠⠂⣿⣤⣾⣧⡵⠏⠁⠀⠴⠴⠄⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⠃⣀⡀⠈⠀⠀⣨⡟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣿⢽⣿⡄⣿⠉⡍⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⠸⡟⣷⠦⠄⠛⠸⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠙⠃⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⡟⡿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⡐⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⡄⠁⠂⠳⣿⡆⠀⠀⢀⣂⣶⣴⡄⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⠆⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠐⠘⣧⣀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢰⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣽⣹⣿⣉⣹⣯⣿⣏⣉⣀⢄⢁⠼⠟⡀⣼⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢡⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠃⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠟⣿⡻⣻⢛⢟⡟⣟⣿⡟⠻⡻⠛⡺⠒⡌⣿⡟⡛⡃⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢿⣿⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⡶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡟⢁⣄⠀⢰⣴⣬⣤⣦⣤⣄⣸⣅⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠠⡈⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠤⣤⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⣇⠀⣚⣘⣈⣟⣿⢑⠠⠈⠀⣠⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢈⣉⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⡏⠀⠘⢛⢻⣿⠉⠋⡠⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢹⠉⢉⠋⣏⡏⠍⢹⢹⠹⠙⠋⡫⡏⠏⠛⠛⠹⢹⢭⣍⠋⡯⡯⡍⣿⠈⠁⠈⠛⠉⠹⠿⢿⡿⢿⣯⢿⡿⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣟⠀⡇⡃⠰⠺⣫⠴⢾⢧⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠙⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⢉⡶⢆⡈⠩⣤⣴⣶⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡵⠦⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⣇⡠⠖⢈⡀⡀⢰⠀⠁⣢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⠋⠀⠀⢙⢦⡀⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⣿⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⣬⡀⠁⠀⡀⢴⢎⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣠⣤⣤⣾⡤⠬⠶⣄⠀⠛⠻⢿⡿⣿⣽⠛⠀⣿⠀⠀⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡍⡇⠁⠑⢄⠀⠀⠈⡀⠙⠦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⠀⠀⠀⣿⠙⠉⠭⠏⡯⢋⠊⠱⡀⢀⠜⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠑⢤⡀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠁⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⡀⢀⠑⢦⡾⠀⠀⠀⠈⠲⢄⠀⠀⡀⠈⠙⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠐⠀⠞⡱⠃⠀⠀⠳⠋⠀⠀⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠢⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣯⣇⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣝⣦⡠⣤⣤⣄⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣿⢀⡴⠃⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠈⠢⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣬⣄⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⠻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⡯⠁⢀⣀⣀⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠈⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢀⣾⡿⣯⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢋⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⢉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠈⠐⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢉⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠺⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣦⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⣡⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢟⢿⣽⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⢠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣼⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣷⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠰⣦⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣟⣧⣿⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡜⢷⣿⡆⠀⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣾⣿⣷⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠿⠉⠝⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣠⡬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠀⠀⢰⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠄⠀⠰⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠀⠐⠃⠐⠖⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠛⠻⣷⣯⡇⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⢀⣀⡈⡭⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠃⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⡿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣖⡰⣻⣿⠇⠦
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⡸⢊⣥⣓⠷⡀⠀⢀⣠⡄⡸⠄⠐⠄⠀⠀⠋⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣦⢣⣾⡿⣿⠫⠶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡋⣦⣏⡟⢋⣮⣕⠚⢈⢏⡩⡃⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠫⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢰⣆⢾⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣇⡀⢀⣌⢾⡤
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⠿⣹⢻⢶⢏⣿⡘⣻⠋⡦⠯⣎⠅⣿⢄⣁⣩⠂⠀⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠘⣾⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⡝⣿⠓⢉⠀⠉⠀⠈⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣟⡿⠿⣾⡖⣎⣐⢶⠃⣼⠧⠭⠃⠈⠁⡘⢎⡯⢆⠀⠐⡄⣠⡾⠂⠠⢿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣾⣿⣭⣺⣏⣶⠂⡐⡁⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡟⣻⣉⣶⢻⡟⢝⣷⣿⢯⣾⣿⣧⣈⠱⣁⠤⢠⣀⡛⡿⣖⣡⢱⡃⣙⠐⣘⠺⠿⣿⣿⢽⣫⣯⣞⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣸⢣⢻⣁⢆
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣗⣈⡿⠱⢫⠝⣇⣢⠿⢭⡿⠛⠿⣌⠙⠚⡇⣵⣶⠅⠊⠲⠂⠒⡚⠞⠀⢩⢯⠆⢾⣿⣷⣇⢘⠿⡿⣍⡺⡞⣯⠻⣿⠈⡍⡅⢀⡗⢲
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⢿⢻⡟⣺⡎⠋⠨⡘⢋⠻⢱⣠⢄⠋⠁⠀⠴⣀⡉⡄⠰⠔⢀⢠⢆⡀⠀⠔⠂⠀⢠⣽⣿⡿⢿⣡⣴⣿⡖⠳⠗⠹⣴⣄⡀⡿⢄⠀⢈
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⠟⡩⢹⢟⡽⡭⣁⢀⠘⡆⡵⣶⡐⠈⣉⢀⠀⠊⠿⢿⢆⣵⢣⢀⠥⠔⠡⣀⡄⡈⠂⢳⣿⣶⠽⡎⣟⠿⢧⢀⢃⠘⢍⡙⡭⡇⠂⣨⢤⡄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡅⣀⡏⢤⣟⡌⢆⣈⣃⠠⠁⠉⠈⠁⠧⣮⢇⠈⢠⣴⣖⡈⢤⣔⠦⠀⠠⡄⢿⠁⣾⢀⡮⠖⢺⠀⠘⣿⡀⡄⢠⡿⠻⡧⡜⠀⠂⢹⡄⢈⢳
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣼⠀⠀⠀⢦⡠⣄⠀⡀⠁⡠⢔⡇⠨⡟⠧⣬⠡⢒⠔⢰⣈⡩⢀⠀⠈⠙⠼⢲⡓⠀⠐⠀⠐⢁⡫⢣⣿⢕⣤⣯⠄⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢘⣿⢭⡓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠠⢀⣯⣄⡀⢁⠐⣯⡂⡂⡀⠀⠉⠈⢿⠠⢀⡄⢀⠈⠀⢰⠇⠀⠀⢀⠉⠓⠘⠄⣺⣗⢀⢠⠆⠀⠀⠀⡀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡢⣍⠈⢀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⣠⡀⢀⠞⡿⠇⠀⠠⠖⠰⠜⠆⡌⠁⡀⠀⢠⣄⣸⠟⠗⠆⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠃⠀⢀⣽⢾⣿⡁⣉⠘⢠⡀⠀⡴⠳
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠉⠍⠀⢈⠁⠐⠀⡀⢀⠀⢕⢆⠃⠠⡀⢴⡌⠁⠈⠜⠀⡀⠃⠀⣵⣯⠅⠈⠉⠉⠁⡂⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠉⢿⠐⣰⡥⠂⣄⡆⠁⠀⠁⢠
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡾⢀⠁⠀⠡⢀⠀⠁⡤⠀⡇⡸⠆⠀⡀⠤⠡⡄⠀⠬⢼⡀⣆⣤⠤⠁⠴⠽⠋⢆⢨⣦⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠃⠺⠘⣒⠈⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⡀⠀⠐⠢⡀⠀⠙⠒⠈⢀⢀⡀⠀⢶⣲⢗⠤⠀⠘⡇⣀⣛⣡⣆⢀⢩⠘⠁⡳⣉⣀⠀⠉⢀⡄⠀⠀⢀⠈⡣⠸⣠⣇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡃⠀⠨⠂⢀⠁⡀⠀⠐⢼⠼⠿⣿⣸⢿⢵⣿⣫⣼⡏⡽⠉⠁⠀⣠⣧⠒⠉⢠⠇⣄⠐⠂⣔⠀⠂⠀⠁⣀⠀⠀⡔⠐⠉⡀⠄

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 517

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_do_teams_work_in_Debian.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/How_do_teams_work_in_Debian.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ How do teams work in
Debian?⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


We frequently see references to teams around Debian.


In the 2024 Debian Project Leader elections, people have asked questions about
team_maintenance_of_packages.


First and foremost, Debian GNU/Linux is a piece_of_software_created_by_joint
authorship.


Some of the Debian_Developers have grouped together to form various
associations. Sometimes these associations have their own legal form
(incorporation) and sometimes they are unofficial/unincorporated groups.


From time to time, we see people creating a team that only has one person.
Sometimes the person resigns and then the team is empty. Is this a valid use of
the word team?


Subject: Issue with another DD
Date: Thu, 18 Dec 2014 10:41:25 +0100
From: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org>
To: debian-private@lists.debian.org


Dear DD's


I've tried to keep very very calm, but I am having an extremely hard
time with another member of the Debian team.


I found him acting extremely rude and impersonating a whole debian
team (acts as if the team package is his).


Could someone please contact me privately on how to best resolve this ?


Regards
Ps: nothing really private, but I could not find anything to help me out.


--
Please respect the privacy of this mailing list. Some posts may be declassified
3 years after posting as per http://www.debian.org/vote/2005/vote_002


Archive: file://master.debian.org/~debian/archive/debian-private/


To UNSUBSCRIBE, use the web form at <http://db.debian.org/>.
§ Is it a sock puppet?⠀➾


We've regularly seen accusations of sock puppets and trolls around Debian.


When somebody is impersonating a whole Debian team, isn't the name of the team
effectively a pseudo-sock-puppet identity?


It seems this behavior is acceptable in some contexts and not in other cases.


What does it tell us about the culture of the Debian community? █





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 607

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/IRC_Proceedings_Tuesday_April_16_2024.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/IRC_Proceedings_Tuesday_April_16_2024.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, April 16,
2024⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sun_Setting_Over_the_Bay⦈_


                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_


                                              #techrights_log                                                                                           #boycottnovell_log


                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_


                                         #boycottnovell-social_log                                                                                        #techbytes_log


===============================================================================
The corresponding text-only bulletins for_Tux_Machines and for_Techrights
contain all the text.


                          Enter_the_IRC_channels_now




⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠓⠒⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠻⣏⣛⣻⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⡿⠿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣤⠴⢶⣶⣶⣒⣖⣖⣙⣭⣙⣫⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣘⣭⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡭⠿⣿⣿⡿⠈⠧⠿⠿⠑⠸⠏⠥⠁⠈⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣄⣄⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢐⢐⣀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠆⡀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣦⣾⣟⠘⡈⣛⣃⡃⣚⡋⠃⠃⠐⠘⠺⠾⠧⠤⠸⠇⠭⠤⣭⣥⣤⠀⢤⣶⣤⣀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠰⠧⠿⠏⠙⠛⠇⠛⠟⠘⠟⠻⠿⠇⠲⠶⠶⠐⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠋⠋⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠩⠽⠻⡿⠩⠽⠽⠯⠄⠀⠀⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 829

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Jack_Wallen_Has_Been_Assigned_by_ZDNet_to_Write_Fake_Sponsored_.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Jack_Wallen_Has_Been_Assigned_by_ZDNet_to_Write_Fake_Sponsored_.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Jack Wallen Has Been Assigned by ZDNet to
Write Fake (Sponsored) 'Reviews'⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_Royal_Palace,_Oslo⦈_


Wallen is selling_out. Shilling for the corporations, not the community. Linux
Foundation amplified with fear-mongering.


Recently: The_Corrupting_Influence_of_Money_in_the_Media:_ZDNet_Compels_Jack
Wallen_to_Advertise_and_Even_Endorse_Proprietary_Software_to_GNU/Linux_Users_
(Software_He_Later_Admits_Sucks) | 5_Jack_Wallen_Features_That_Might_Make_Him
Microsoft's_New_Favorite_Linux_Shill


His latest "portfolio": (spam disguised as 'reviews', i.e. the usual from
ZDNet)


                 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Marketing by Jack Wallen⦈


                🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Puff piece by Jack Wallen⦈


               🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Some linkspam by Jack Wallen⦈


              🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Some music spam by Jack Wallen⦈


               🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Fake reviews by Jack Wallen⦈


That's just from the past few days and there is more.


As my wife put it, "he's not in control of what he's writing" and "he's going
to lose his credibility."


"I used to see him as a very strong GNU/Linux advocate/journalist [...] liked
his articles [but now] I notice he's declining, writing whatever the publisher
is asking him."


As she put it (verbally), "are you where the money is? I am watching closely."


"I am going to boycott him like Michael Larabel," she said, as "like SJVN, it
doesn't matter what he's writing now, because I started not to post him" (in
Tux Machines). And "the fact is, I wanted to boycott ZDNet, but I made an
exception for Wallen [...] if he keeps doing that, I'll just boycott all of
ZDNet."


And "even [for Tux Machines'] Android Leftovers, I don't add ZDNet, I don't
give them traffic."




⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢨⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣎⣀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠅⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⣐⣿⣿⣿⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⠃⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣯⣿⢿⢯⠁⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⠏⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣴⣿⡿⣶⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠻⢿⠇⠈⢡⣾⡟⠋⢰⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡛⢻⠟⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢟⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠸⣧⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⡆⠀⠸⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀
⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠏⢉⣸⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⢀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⢉⠈⣩⣥⣾⠛⢟⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⡻⣛⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⣺⣟⣿⡛⠛⠷⠿⠿⠿⢲⣿⣿⡗⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠰⠘⡀⠷⠀⠀⠾⡇⠸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣷⣷⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣴⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣴⡌⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣵⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⡄⠈⠁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⣥⣤⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣠⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣐⣠⣼
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣀⣠⣇⣀⣐⣀⣀⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡⠀⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⢰⣸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⠄⠄⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠰⢸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣐⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⡿⠀⠀⠁⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠸
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣾⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠄⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⢯⣭⣣⣥⣯⣽⣯⣭⣿⣭⣿⣬⣭⣼⣿⣯⣭⣽⣭⣥⣭⣯⣯⣧⣯⣭⣽⣿⣭⣽⣿⣽⣯⣭⣽⣽⣽⣽⣯⣿⣽⣭⣭⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⣾⣧⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣬⣷⣦⣤⣭⣶⣤⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠡⠇⠿⢺⢠⡁⡇⠭⣿⢸⣾⠔⣻⡇⠰⠱⢴⡘⣼⡆⡏⠆⡇⡱⡱⢼⠱⢰⢁⢁⠓⠺⡜⣨⠔⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣛⠛⣿⡿⠟⠿⣻⠿⣻⠻⣿⡻⡟⢟⠿⡟⣟⣟⣟⣿⡻⠻⠻⣻⡛⡛⢛⠛⠟⡿⢛⠛⡟⡻⠻⡿⠛⠛⠻⣟⢟⠛⣟⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣼⠜⠀⠀⢀⣴⣦⣼⣴⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⡏⠋⠁⢀⣠⣪⣉⣍⣉⣉⣩⣟⣉⣉⡯⣩⣯⣝⣽⣯⣯⣋⣩⠉⣯⡯⣏⣉⣉⣹⣝⣍⣉⣩⣹⣝⣭⣽⣽⣯⣯⣉⣉⣯⣯⢭⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⡀⢰⣿⡿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⢀⣴⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠻⠋⠁⢀⣠⣾⣿⣾⣧⣷⣤⣧⣾⣷⣾⣽⣤⣾⣬⣧⣤⣤⣼⣾⣤⣤⣴⣽⣾⣤⣧⣿⣶⣾⣧⣼⣤⣼⣵⣴⣧⣴⣤⣶⣼⣯⣧⣤⣴⣴⣯⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡿⠋⠉⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣩⣭⣏⣭⢩⣿⣭⣩⣿⣩⣏⣭⣉⣿⣿⣿⣭⣫⣏⣉⣉⣯⣝⣽⣫⣉⣍⣹⣩⣩⣏⣍⣙⣫⣏⣉⣯⣫⣟⣍⣉⣯⣫⣯⣝⣽⣿⣿
⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣤⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡻⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⡿⡟⢻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣻⣒⣒⣖⣚⣟⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣻⣻⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣻⣛⣻⣛⣓⣳⣞⣚⣒⣳⣞⣒⣓⣓⣳⣓⣓⣓⣓⣷⣒⣻⣒⣒⣛⣛⣟⣿⣻⣻⣟⣻⣟⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣻⣿⣟⣛⣿⣟⣟⣟⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣷⣽⣥⣧⣷⣷⣵⣤⣿⣯⣭⣿⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣏⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣽⣏⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⡗⢺⢛⣻⡋⡻⢛⡻⡟⣛⢻⢛⡛⡿⣛⠃⣿⡋⣻⢛⡛⣿⡟⡟⢻⠓⢺⢛⡻⣛⢻⢸⠟⣛⢿⢛⣻⠟⣛⣿⡿⣛⢻⣟⡛⡟⢛⡇⣛⢻⢻⡟⡿⢛⡃⡟⣛⣿⡟⡟⢻⢻⢺⠉⡃⢘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⣿⣇⣇⣨⣐⣪⣇⣣⣐⣢⣇⣿⣸⣔⣂⣧⣙⣁⣿⣇⣻⣜⣣⣿⣇⣸⣄⣇⣸⣸⣧⣒⣰⣸⣄⣒⣼⣐⣪⣕⣂⣿⣧⣒⣸⣕⣂⣃⣸⣇⣛⣸⣜⣃⣧⣙⣅⣏⣒⣽⣿⣠⣏⣼⣸⣄⣃⣸⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⠟⢻⢛⣛⡟⢻⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡷⡁⣾⢠⠙⡀⢸⢨⣭⡇⣇⠇⡆⡧⣒⢻⣏⢰⡆⡇⣶⠀⡆⠏⡎⣒⠈⡇⣾⢔⡺⣿⢗⡂⢹⢰⡆⡇⣶⢸⣿⠀⡆⢰⠈⡁⣒⢱⡸⢱⣾⡸⢡⠁⣒⢹⡯⢐⠺⠑⡒⢱⢰⣿⠗⣒⢹⣿⢰⡆⡇⣒⢸⠸⣀⢇
⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣥⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾
⣿⣿⡟⣟⣟⢘⣟⣟⢻⢛⡛⡟⣛⠀⣟⡟⢻⢛⡟⣛⠀⣿⡃⡺⣛⡻⡟⣻⣿⢛⡛⣛⢻⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⣒⣼⣼⣇⣺⣸⣼⣧⣧⣙⣤⣅⣫⣸⣼⣧⣙⣠⣿⣧⣧⣝⣥⣧⣿⣿⣼⣧⣿⣼⣜⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⠻⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡟⡟⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣻⠿⠻⠟⡛⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿⠻⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢷⣾⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣮⣿⣴⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⢾⣶⣷⣿⡾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣧⣼⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣤⣽⣿⣤⣿⣤⣯⣿⣤⣾⣿⣧⣼⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣧⣿⣧⣴⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣤⣿⣶⣤⣿⣿⣤⣧⣷⣤⣿⣿⣦⣧⣦⣤⣮⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣯⣛⣫⣛⢹⣹⣽⡍⡫⡿⢙⣿⡝⣹⣿⣛⢽⢹⢹⠉⢽⡏⣻⢙⢽⣿⡏⣿⣟⣏⣿⣿⠩⣿⢙⢽⢙⣻⣿⠙⢹⡗⣉⡿⣋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠸⣽⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⠿⡟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣶⣿⣿⢷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⢘⣸⣿⣿⢸⠀⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣤⣤⣼⣽⣿⣯⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣌⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠉⠁⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠛⠋⢯⡛⠻⠙⢛⠯⠉⢽⣻⢩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣺⣛⣄⣎⣇⣚⣿⣿⣢⣇⣌⣜⣆⣼⣇⣍⣀⣌⣜⣆⣺⣡⣠⣃⣎⣆⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡟⡟⡻⢻⡟⣟⠛⣻⣻⣿⢟⣟⢟⣟⡻⢻⣟⢛⣻⢻⡿⣻⠿⣿⡟⣿⠻⢟⠛⢻⠛⢛⣿⠻⣟⠛⣛⠿⡿⣻⡛⡿⢻⡛⡻⢻⢻
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡷⠛⠳⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣒⣄⣾⣵⣅⣸⣿⠟⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠁⠀⢀⣴⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣧⣧⣦⣬⣿⠆⠀⠀⣠⣦⣤⣿⣧⣾⣼⣿⣤⣤⣿⣮⣧⣾⣼⣽⣷⣼⣤⣤⣧⣼⣼⣥⣬⣿⣤⣧⣦⣤⣿⣿⣃⣤⣧⣦⣼⣼⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣟⠛⠁⠀⠀⡔⠿⡿⣻⡻⣛⣟⠟⠻⣻⡛⣛⡟⢻⡻⢟⡟⠟⢟⠛⢿⡿⠛⣻⡛⡟⠿⠟⣻⣿⣟⢿⢻⢻⢟⣟⠛⡟⢛⠟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⠇⠀⠀⣠⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⢀⠄⠩⣿⢉⢩⢹⣟⢙⠉⣫⢉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣄⣮⣸⣗⣟⣠⣠⣗⣄⣶⣿⣛⣜⣸⣠⣸⣀⣰⣾⣖⣀⣔⣿⣢⣺⣶⣎⣆⣽⣢⣄⣷⣑⣰⣘⣇⣺⣃⣸⣠⣦⣸⣜⣇⣅⣄
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⣠⡟⠿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠻⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣤⣷⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣼⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣿⠿⢻⢿⣿⡿⢿⢿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠛⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠻⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿
⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣿⣶⣮⣾⣬⣬⣤⣤⣭⣤⣤⣭⣥⣥⣤⣭⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣤⣷⣾
⣻⣛⣋⣙⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣫⢋⣯⣛⣟⣻⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣫⣽⣙⣙⣹⣛⣟⣙⣛⣫⣛⣛⣉⣛⣛⣟⣋⣫⣍⣛⣻⣛⣛⣋⣋⣋⣉⣩⣉⣍⣹⣉⣉⣛⢛⣻⣛⣟⣛⣙⣏⣹⣛⣹⣉⣛⣻⣛⣙⣟
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣏⣵⣿⣻⣭⣻⣻⣝⣋⣉⣟⣍⣉⣟⣇⣗⣅⣻⣰⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⡻⢟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣻⣻⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣻⢿⣿⣿⢻⡟⢿⣛⡛⢿⠛⡛⡻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⢿⣛⣻⣿⣻⡟⣿⢿⠟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣮⣭⣏⣭⣽⣽⣭⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣥⣴⣤⣷⣧⣾⣥⣿⣦⣧⣽⣭⣿⣷⣵⣼⣼⣴⣯⣼⣷⣽⣤⣦⣥⣴⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣬⣷⣧⣧⣦⣮⣷⣯⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⢰⣶⠀⣋⠙⡗⢸⠛⣍⣻⣿⣇⠚⠷⣼⡇⠺⠂⣽⢡⣿⡆⢻⣿⠋⣫⡙⡿⢋⣉⠻⡏⣋⡇⢨⣿⣫⡝⢿⠀⣋⠙⡇⢸⠟⣩⡛⣿⣿⢫⣝⣻⠙⣋⠛⡿⢋⣝⢻⣟⣭⠻⡇⠸⢋⡿⢋⣝⢻⠉⣋⣿⡿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⠀⡇⢸⡓⠶⢈⣿⣏⠻⠗⣸⣄⠻⠇⣸⡈⠿⢃⣾⣿⠀⠻⢃⣤⡘⠟⣠⡇⣿⣇⠸⣏⠰⠆⢸⠀⠿⢁⡇⢸⡀⠶⢒⣿⣿⠲⠆⣹⠀⠿⢁⣇⠰⠖⣺⡁⠶⠀⡇⢰⡈⢧⡰⠖⣺⠀⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⢿⡇⣿⠿⠻⢿⡿⠿⡧⢼⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠻⢿⣿⡿⠟⠿⡿⠟⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠻⣿⠿⠻⠀⣿⡿⠁⢼⠿⠻⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠻⢿⠿⠟⠿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⠻⢿⠏⠿⠿⣿⠿⡇⣿⠿⠻
⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⡿⢸⡇⣏⠸⣿⢀⡇⣾⡇⢸⠰⣿⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⢬⣍⢻⣿⡧⣭⠙⡇⢾⡇⢸⠀⣿⠀⡇⢸⡇⢸⠰⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⣇⢸⡿⢈⡇⣿⣿⡟⢪⡥⢸⠀⣿⠀⣷⠘⢡⣿⣿⠬⣍⢻⡇⣿⣇⠙⣸⡇⣏⠨⣭
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣑⣚⣸⣷⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣶⣟⣃⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣟⣠⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣸⣨⣓⣿⣇⣇⣇⣼⣺⣠⣻⣕⣫⣸⣜⣄⣇⣇⣇⣐⣺⣜⣜⣜⣇⣶⣿⣜⣤⣠⣼⣟⣺⣸⣨⣓⣷⣟⣸⡇⣣⣸⣜⣼⣶⣇⣿⣞⣇⣸⣸⠷⣿⣜⣠⣃⣗⣿⣨⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢻⢿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢻⡿⡟⣿⢿⡿⡿⢻⡿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣿⢿⢿⢿⢻⡿⣿⢿⠻⡿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⡟⡟⡿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣇⣵⣿⣬⣟⣼⣬⣶⣥⣮⣿⣶⣿⣬⣶⣽⣮⣼⣷⣿⣽⣼⣥⣧⣿⣦⣷⣽⣼⣴⣿⣼⣧⣧⣮⣿⣼⣾⣴⣥⣿⣽⣴⣽⣿⣬⣦⣧⣯⣽⣭⣯⣿⣴⣾⣧⣧⣷⣷⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡟⡏⢿⣻⠟⣿⢻⡛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⠋⡟⡟⡟⣿⡻⣿⢹⢹⠻⡟⣿⣿⣛⡟⣿⣿⠙⡟⣿⡟⡏⣿⢿⢻⢻⢻⠛⡟⣿⢿⣽⣿⣻⡿⡿⠻⡟⣟⣟⠟⠋⡟⣿⣿⢻⢻⢻⢻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠇⡏⡹⣽⣏⣏⡹⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⣀⡀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢟⡟⡻⡟⢿⣿⢿⣿⣟⢟⠛⡿⢿⡛⠛⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⢟⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣴⣮⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠈⢰⢿⣿⣿⣿⢱⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣽⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⡸⣿⣿⣿⢰⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣦⣧⣿⣤⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣯⣿⣽⣷⣽⣿⣷⣷⣯⣯⣽⣽⣿⣷⣿⣽⣽⣯⣯⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⡏⣿⢟⡻⡿⡻⢿⢹⣿⠿⡻⢹⢟⠿⣿⡿⡿⣛⢿⠻⡻⡿⣛⢿⣿⢟⠿⡏⣽⣿⢙⠻⡿⡻⢿⢟⠻⡿⡻⢹⠻⡻⡏⢟⢿⠿⡻⡿⢟⢻⡿⡻⠿⢟⢿⣿⢟⡻⣿⡟⡿⠻⢟⢿⡿⡻⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣒⢹⢰⡎⡃⣶⢸⣷⢰⡇⣶⢸⢑⡂⡧⣒⢛⢐⡊⣿⡇⣶⢱⠈⡇⡃⡶⢸⢰⡆⡇⣾⣿⢰⡆⡉⢒⣈⣿⡆⡆⢰⠈⠑⣒⢹⡇⢰⠎⡃⣒⢹⢐⡺⡆⣾⡏⣶⠈⠀⡆⠉⢐⡊⠅⡒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⢾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣯⣮⣼⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢻⢻⡛⡟⣟⢸⠛⠟⡟⣛⣿⣑⠰⢽⠀⡏⣶⠘⠃⣶⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣼⣼⣧⣧⣭⣼⣬⣭⣧⣿⣿⣮⣨⣾⣤⣧⣭⣼⣦⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⣟⠟⣻⢫⣟⠟⣯⡽⠛⣻⡿⢋⠛⡻⢿⣿⣝⢻⡻⡟⠛⣟⣻⠛⣟⠻⣻⣿⡛⡟⣻⡿⠛⡿⣿⢹⢙⢿⣟⠛⣻⡛⢙⢟⢟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⣿⣭⣯⣿⣆⣰⣿⣺⣿⣵⣭⣹⣸⣿⣼⣪⣽⣷⣗⣥⣿⣯⣽⣽⣵⣿⣨⣵⣕⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1066

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Joint_Authors_Debian_Family_Legitimate_Interests.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Joint_Authors_Debian_Family_Legitimate_Interests.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Joint Authors & Debian Family Legitimate
Interests⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


Some of my fellow Debian Developers (co-authors) started harassing my family
and I back in 2018 at a time when I lost two family members.


Debian oligarchs repeatedly tell us that we are all a family.


Evidence: Andrew_Cater_says_we_are_a_family.


Evidence: Jonathan_Wiltshire_says_we_are_a_family.


Could this be an implicit authorization to use the Debian trademark?


Consider the case of the British royal family.


Prince Harry and Princess Meghan went onto Oprah Winfrey's talk show to talk
about problems_in_the_family_business. We could say this is analogous to some
of my blog posts about the problems_in_Debian, or the_FSFE_crisis and other
free, open source software groups.


Harry and Meghan were asked to stop using their His/Her Royal Highness (HRH)
styles. Harry_was_banned from wearing military uniform at the funeral of the
late Queen Elizabeth II. Yet they still have a legitimate interest in using the
family name, Windsor.


If Debian really is a family, and it certainly isn't an employer, we can all
use the family name even if we are not willing to live with each other in the
same castle.


Read more about who_has_a_copyright_interest_in_the_Debian_GNU/Linux_software.
█





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1126

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Management_Friendly_Staff_Representatives_at_the_EPO_Voted_Out_.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Management_Friendly_Staff_Representatives_at_the_EPO_Voted_Out_.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Management-Friendly Staff Representatives
at the EPO Voted Out (or Simply Did Not Run
Anymore)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇SUEPO_Executive_Committee_The_Hague_2023⦈_


The EPO's staff representatives get elected based on perceived loyalty to
staff, not to the people who oppress the staff (Benoît_Battistelli, António
Campinos, and their cronies)


THERE is a positive development in the otherwise-quiet EPO (not much happening
this month, at least publications-wise).


We don't want to name anyone ("The Heart of Staff Rep" is impersonal), but we
covered_this_back_in_January, identifying 3 individuals who had threatened to
snitch to EPO management. The good news is that they're no longer in a position
of authority, as per the SUEPO TH (The Hague) digest for this month (April
2024). It doesn't look like they even ran at all. 514 people voted (43.93%
turnout; 1,170 were eligible) and the outcome seems OK.


The digest they sent out reads as follows:


     Employment_Law: 


         * New Pension System (NPS) / Salary savings plan (SSP)
           contribution rates 2020: President doesn't follow unanimous
           opinion of Appeal Committee - again: 


     As for the case of the NPS/SSP contribution rates of 2018 (see here),
     the appeals committee (ApC) issued unanimous opinions stating that
     the Office had violated the principle of duty of care, in that there
     had been no actuarial evaluation of the NPS as a whole, including the
     SSP. Both appeals were rejected by the EPO and no re-evaluation will
     take place, contrary to the recommendations of the ApC. This left
     appellants no other choice than to pursue their cases in front of the
     ILOAT in February 2024. Read more here and here.


         * ILOAT Intervention – abolition invalidity lump sum insurance: 


     In early February, SUEPO members having been diagnosed with an
     invalidating disease were given the opportunity to file an
     intervention at the ILOAT. See more details here. 


         * Interference of management in the examining division – proposal
           to address legal vacuum rejected by President: 


     In recent judgments, the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO (ILOAT)
     declined jurisdiction for possibly unlawful orders from managers to
     members of Examining or Opposition Divisions interfering with the
     Divisions’ sole competence to take decisions on patent applications
     or opposed patents. The Central Staff Committee (CSC)'s proposal to
     address this legal vacuum was rejected by the President, see here. 


         * Quality Audits: New workflow raises legal concerns: 


     Related to the above, the new workflow involves “line managers” and a
     “DG1 independent review panel” which is particularly worrying as they
     have disciplinary powers, reporting authority and play a decisive
     role in the career advancement of the members of Examining Division
     under the new career system. More details here.


         * Performance management: 


     The rewards distribution took place April 2024. The rewards envelope
     seems to have been reduced (see the letter sent to the President
     here, and CSC publication here). An updated version of the guidance
     on what you can do in case of no rewards is in the pipeline. 
     If you are struggling with your objectives for 2024, we strongly
     advise seeking help early, please see here for more details.
      
     Registered_partnerships 
     The EPO changed its regulations recently to recognize registered
     partnerships. Please refer to the intranet_announcement of
     08.01.2024, especially if you entered a registered partnership before
     Jan 1st 2024, this is relevant for you and your partner.

     Recent_events 


         * General Assembly of the Local Staff Committee The Hague
           (LSCTH) 


     The General Assembly of the LSCTH took place on 6 February in the
     Auditorium and online, followed by drinks offered by SUEPO.  
     The topics were Recruitment & Job groups 5&6, Objective setting &
     Performance management, Reminder appraisal reports, Update on Salary
     Adjustment Procedure (SAP), Update on New Pension Scheme (NPS)
     litigation - see the full report here.  
     The EPO has since published a quality_action_plan_2024, which is not
     fit for the purpose of  achieving the key goals set out in the
     adopted resolution. To be continued...


         * Easy verein membership platform - SUEPO app 


     Our administrator Marc has been busy organizing that members receive
     their login details to the EasyVerein platform which are also used
     for logging into the SUEPO_app. We encourage everyone, especially our
     members to install the app, available on Google_Play and on the App
     Store.


         * November 2023 – Staff Representation “academy”  


     Staff representatives from all sites came together for 3 days of
     “academy” where we learnt from each other about the topics we work
     on: the EPO healthcare insurance system, the legal system, the salary
     adjustment procedure, the career system, the SP2028, etc... 
      
     Publications_&_activities_since_our_last_SUEPO_TH_digest:


         * Open_letter_to_President_Campinos pointing out possible
           solutions to avoid new litigation on the Education Allowance,
           LBDH, 22.03.2024 


         * Technical_meetings_on_New_Ways_of_Working:_Kick_off, CSC,
           08.04.2024 


         * New_Ways_of_Working:_From_pilot_to_permanent?, CSC, 19.03.2024


         * International_Women's_Day,_8_March_2024, CSC, 08.03.2024 


         * Capacity_push_for_2024:_More_work_for_less_staff,  CSC,
           16.02.2024 


         * Report_on_the_GCC_meeting_of_31_January_2024, CSC, 08.02.2024 -
           General Guidelines on Rewards 2024


         * A survey on reproductive health was held via MSTEAMS inside the
           EPO to include contraceptives in the guide to cover, LSCTH,
           08.02.2024


         * Internal_Appeal:_Rejoinder_template_distributed_to_SUEPO
           members_-_Lunchtime_supervision_costs_, LBDH, 01.02.2024


         * Membership_Fees_updated_for_2024, LBDH, 31.01.2024


         * 50_years_EPC:_The_EPO_ignoring_the_skilled_person, CSC,
           22.01.2024


         * Social_Agenda_2024 , CSC, 12.01.2024 - Functional and ergonomic
           software tools at the EPO, Monitoring and review the EPO career
           system, Learning from the New Ways of Working


         * Report_on_the_GCC_meeting_of_5_December_2023, CSC, 22.12.2023 -
           transfer coefficients, New Career System, Guidelines on
           performance development, Reorganisation


         * Re-appointments_of_Vice-Chairs_in_the_Appeals_Committee,  CSC,
           20.12.2023


         * Data_Protection_Rules_&_Staff_Committee_Resources,  CSC,
           12.12.2023


         * Non-extension_of_5-year_contract_in_DG1, CSC, 11.12.2023


         * Report_on_the_GCC_meeting_of_21_November_2023, CSC, 06.12.2023


         * Report_on_the_CSC_meeting_with_the_President_on_30_October
           2023, CSC, 30.11.2023 


      On_our_radar: 


         * Webinar on How the Consulting Industry Weakens our Businesses
           and infantilizes our Governments – IPSO -  25.04.2024, 17:00 –
           see here to register 


         * Press Articles: January_2024, February_2024, March_2024 


         * Le_suicide_d’un_ingénieur_de_l’Agence_spatiale_européenne
           relance_le_débat_sur_l’immunité_juridique_de_telles_entités, Le
           Monde, 04.02.2024 and corresponding decision


         * Europe Public Service Union (EPSU) collective bargaining news :
           February_2024, March_2024 


         * AI_could_make_the_four-day_workweek_inevitable, BBC,
           26.02.2024 


     Kind regards, 
     Your SUEPO_TH_committee 


Many of the links above (but not all) are password-protected. █




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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1395

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Meme_The_Heart_of_Staff_Rep.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Meme_The_Heart_of_Staff_Rep.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ [Meme] The Heart of Staff
Rep⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024,
updated Apr 17, 2024


 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇The Heart of Staff Rep; The Heart of Staff Reported to the
                        I.O.; Rowan heartily grateful⦈


For context see this_older_article and today's_update.




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⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⠉⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⣈⠀⢸⠀⠉⠀⣀⣿⡏⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⣀⡇⠀⠈⡇⠀⡀⠙⣀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠁⢤⣴⠆⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⡇⠀⡀⠀⡇⠀⣈⠁⠠⠀⠇⠀⡄⠐⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣿⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣉⣹⣇⣀⣇⣀⣇⣀⣉⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣇⣀⣿⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣶⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠐⠓⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠶⣿⡇⠐⢤⣴⡆⠀⣶⠀⠀⢸⠀⠰⠆⠀⠰⣾⡇⠀⠆⢈⠀⠠⢾⠀⠰⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠶⠤⣀⣻⣿⣿⠅⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣶⣿⡟⢢⠀⢹⡇⠀⡇⠀⠂⠸⠀⢰⡆⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⡆⠈⠀⠠⣾⠀⢠⣴⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣴⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣧⣤⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣾⣧⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣬⣉⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⠉⡉⠉⠉⠉⣹⡏⠉⠉⠉⢉⠏⠉⡏⠉⢉⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠇⠀⢸⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠉⢀⠰⠶⠄⠚⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠶⡷⢶⡶⠶⠾⠷⡶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠷⠶⣶⠾⣷⠾⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠄⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⡇⢰⠀⠀⠒⣧⡐⠠⡆⢰⠀⠀⡇⠐⠀⠲⡇⠀⠀⠀⠲⠀⠀⡁⠀⢸⠀⠀⡆⢰⡆⠐⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⠀⢠⣤⣿⣷⡘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣧⣈⣠⣀⣿⣧⣈⣠⣇⣸⣀⣀⣃⣸⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣿⣇⣀⣜⣀⣀⣇⣸⣇⣈⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢰⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⡹⠛⠛⣿⡉⢙⠋⡏⠛⢉⣻⡋⢻⡟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠈⢹⣧⣈⣙⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⡄⠀⠠⢽⡇⠸⡇⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠙⠛⠿⠿⡿⣷⠇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⢋⡙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢀⣠⡐⠛⠛⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠉⡏⢉⠉⢉⡹⠉⠉⡏⠉⠉⢋⠉⢉⡉⢉⠉⢩⠉⠏⢹⣿⣿⡟⠀⠐⣻⣿⡿⠷⠀⠀⢻⠆⢻⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠉⠁⡀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠠⠤⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⡀⢸⠀⢈⡇⠠⠀⡇⠀⠀⢺⠀⢸⡇⢸⠀⢸⡆⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠙⢿⠿⠐⣆⠀⠀⠀⠉⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠐⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠨⠩⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣀⣇⣨⣀⣈⣁⣰⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣸⣇⣠⣀⣈⣇⣠⣿⣿⣿⢀⣹⠀⠀⢨⣴⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣶⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⡟⢛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⢛⠛⡟⢻⠛⢻⣿⡏⢸⠟⢈⣥⠠⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢒⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠆⠀⠀⠰⠂⠀⠘⣃⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⡀⣐⣴⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⠁⠘⠒⡇⠀⠀⠜⠀⠀⢻⠀⣿⠀⢈⡇⠀⣹⠀⡇⢸⠀⢸⣿⣧⢸⡆⢀⣉⡁⣸⣿⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢤⢤⡄⠺⠂⠀⢸⣷⣶⣭⣿⣯⣿⠀⣀⡀⠀⠉⠹⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣆⣈⣀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣿⣀⣈⣃⣀⣿⣀⣁⣸⣀⣈⣿⣿⣦⠐⣺⣿⣾⣿⡇⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣭⣭⢿⣶⣤⣀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢘⣩⣈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣈⣉⣉⣭⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⣀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀
⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1455

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsofters_in_Linux_Foundation_Clothing_Continue_to_Shift_Sec.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsofters_in_Linux_Foundation_Clothing_Continue_to_Shift_Sec.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Microsofters in 'Linux Foundation' Clothing
Continue to Shift Security Scrutiny to 'Linux'⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█
⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


THE PR staff of Microsoft has been promoted by Jim_Zemlin and we're all_paying
for_it.


Pay closer attention to the latest Microsoft breach and security catastrophes.


They want everyone to lose sight of it.


From a new article entitled "After a failed Linux backdoor attempt grabs
headlines, open-source leaders warn of more attacks":


  🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇“Open-source projects always welcome contributions from
anyone, anywhere, yet granting someone administrative access to the source code
 as a maintainer requires a higher level of earned trust, and it is not given
   away as a ‘quick fix’ to any problem,” wrote OpenJS Foundation executive
director Robin Bender Ginn, and Open Source Security Foundation general manager
                             Omkhar Arasaratnam.⦈


OpenJS Foundation is a Microsoft proxy. We wrote about this many_times_before
and we see who_delivers_the_message. Robin_Bender_Ginn_is_from_Microsoft. She's
not technical, she comes from the deceit industry, Edelman. The Bill_Gates-
connected 'Linux'_Foundation is sadly infiltrated by Microsoft and the people
from Microsoft keep_shifting_attention_away_from_Microsoft's_many_recent
security_blunders. OpenSSF is also_Microsoft_connected.


The infiltration is tragic. The issue is that of messengers from Microsoft
infiltrating key projects, not spies from various countries entering projects
(or trying to, or getting caught red-handed later). Microsoft- and 'Linux'
Foundation-funded publishers help_Microsoft_shift_attention_away_from_its
failures. █




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⠛⢛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢺⢰⢸⠰⢱⢰⡇⡇⡇⠁⡇⢲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣟⠛⢿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀
⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣬⣼⣴⣼⣼⣧⣥⣧⣦⣧⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⡟⠛⣟⣿⠛⠿⢛⡛⣿⠛⠛⠛⣟⢛⡿⠛⠻⠟⢛⢻⠻⢛⠛⠟⠛⢟⡟⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣟⡟⢻⣿⣛⡟⢻⢻⢛⡛⣟⢟⢿⠛⠛⠀⠛⠛⢛⡻⡟⣟⢻⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡟⢻⠛⢛⡛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢳⡟⠿⠻⠿⡿⠟⠿⢿⡿⡿⡾⢿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡾⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠳⠿⢿⡿⣿⡿⠗⠀⢿⡿⠿⡿⢳⠿⢻⢶⠿⠿⠿⢻⠾⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡾⡷⢶⣶⣿⣷⢶⡿⢾⡶⠾⠶⠿⠾⠶⠿⠿⠷⠷⠿⠾⠷⠿⠷⠿⠾⠾⠾⠾⠾⠷⠶⠿⠾⠶⣿⡷⢾⣾⠓⠓⠒⠓⠚⠒⠛⠓⢒⢀⠚⠛⠚⢳⢾⣿⡾⠾⠶⢶⢾⡾⡶⣶⠾⣾⢾⠿⣾⢶⡿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣾⣬⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⡇⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⢀⡀⡀⠀⠈⣿⣶⣿⣤⢯⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣤⣭⣥⡤⣤⣽⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣯⣧⡇⠀⠀⠁⠀⠃⠃⠁⠈⠙⠁⠚⠘⠀⠃⠘⠚⠘⠐⠘⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣦⣼⣤⣥⣼⣶⣥⣼⣤⣤⣵⣮⣤⣾⣤⣤⣵⣷⣥⣭⣤⣷⣤⣤⣼⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1518

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsoft_s_Windows_Falls_to_All_Time_Low_and_Layoffs_Reported_.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Microsoft_s_Windows_Falls_to_All_Time_Low_and_Layoffs_Reported_.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Microsoft's Windows Falls to All-Time Low
and Layoffs Reported by Managers in the Windows
Division⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024,
updated Apr 17, 2024


Hours ago: Microsoft_Layoffs_in_Windows_Division


  🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Operating System Market Share Worldwide: Jan 2009 - Apr
                                    2024⦈


THIS month's statCounter_data shows Windows taking another tumble, as shown
above or in the_ODF_file (we've begun adding some extra styling).


As the link at the top shows, weeks ago Microsoft was laying off people in the
Windows division. Or course the so-called 'media' failed to notice or report
this. That's just what we've come to expect from so-called 'journalism' in
2024. One manager probably broke an NDA or two when he spoke about it in social
control media. █




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⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⡿⠛⠿⠿⣿⠟⠿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠈⠀⠀⠸⡿⢿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠘⠻⠋⠛⠿⠛⠁⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⣿⣽⣿⣿⢿⣿⣭⡿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣽⢿⣽⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣾⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣾⣯⣽⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1582

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/North_America_Home_of_Microsoft_and_of_Windows_is_Moving_to_GNU.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/North_America_Home_of_Microsoft_and_of_Windows_is_Moving_to_GNU.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ North America, Home of Microsoft and of
Windows, is Moving to GNU/Linux⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Map_Of_America_Vintage⦈_


Two hours ago: All-Time_Highs_for_GNU/Linux_in_South_America_Amid_Windows
Layoffs


Two months ago: GNU/Linux_Desktop/Laptop_Market_Share_Reaches_All-Time_High_in
North_America


THE sister site has just noted that South American nations are fast to adopt
GNU/Linux (at the expense of Windows), but what about North America? As it
turns_out, based on this_latest_data, even without counting ChromeOS we can see
considerable growth so far this year:


  🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Desktop Operating System Market Share North America: Feb
                               2009 - Apr 2024⦈


Can it top 5% by year's end? Windows already has_layoffs. █




⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼
⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠙⠉⠛⠫⡎⠨⠟⠈⠀⠈⠀⠉⢣⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⠉⠁⢉⠁⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠐⣓⣀⢀⡜⠉⠀⠀⢀⠀⠉⠱⡄⠈⡜⠉⢉⡊⠀⠀⣈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠙⢄⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣀⢀⢀⡀⣀⠀⡀⣀⣁⠀⡀⡈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⢀⡟⠀⠛⡀⠐⠇⠄⠸⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⡈⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠤⠤⠤⠥⢬⢩⢉⢩⠀⡄⡀⣤⢀⣀⡄⡀⠤⢀⡐⣖⣲⢂⡂⡂⢀⣠⣠⣀⣀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣁⣀⡀⢁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⡂⢢⠮⠤⠤⠤⢼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡿⠽⠭⠭⡭⠍⣸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢉⣟⣉⣉⣁⣱⢢⣞⢿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣮⣟⣺⣻⡋⠋⠄⣐⡂⠄⠍⣙⠛⠙⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⠻⣟⣿⣷⣻⣻⣟⣿⣿⡿⠗⣈⣢⣜⠃⠉⢹⡘⠚⠓⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣗⡰⠀⢰⣦⠐⢾⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣟⣿⢿⢻⣟⣟⣻⣶⢆⡹⢽⠷⠧⡀⣤⠠⣀⣤⠅⠻⣿⣾⡿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣩⣽⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠢⢿⡤⢈⡮⠝⠠⢍⠀⢰⡎⠈⡆⢸⣿⣿
⣿⡇⣿⠁⠀⠈⢿⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠿⢿⡟⡻⡻⣿⢛⣛⣿⣿⡿⢿⠢⠘⠀⢰⡶⠂⠀⡘⠼⢀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣁⠋⠐⠁⣒⣴⣾⢰⡌⠀⠀⠇⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⣤⡦⢼⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣴⣿⠿⠘⣸⣿⣿⣿⢚⠾⣛⢯⡴⣶⠟⣓⣀⠼⣛⡚⠀⣘⢠⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⣽⣿⣾⣷⣾⣷⡿⢿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣶⠆⣘⡟⠉⠩⢘⡇⠀⢠⡆⢼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠸⠿⢇⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣧⡹⠿⢿⠀⡽⣿⠁⠈⢈⠷⠿⠾⠁⣽⡢⣼⢛⣧⠋⠀⠀⠉⠀⠐⣁⣀⣴⣑⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⡟⠛⣷⡆⢷⡽⠽⠴⠰⢼⡁⣠⠈⡇⢸⣿⣻
⣿⣿⡇⠀⡀⣀⣀⠠⠉⣟⣻⣹⣿⣏⣿⣹⣽⣹⣿⣷⣦⠈⠿⡀⠢⣯⠆⠀⠠⠶⣶⣴⣦⠠⠘⠋⠠⣀⠀⠀⠈⢀⣰⣿⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⠛⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⠞⠷⠻⡿⢿⣿⡿⠒⠓⢁⣄⣀⣶⣲⣶⠠⠤⠤⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡗⠒⠒⡒⠒⠑⣾⣷⣾⣭⣙⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣟⠀⠁⢠⠃⠠⢷⡈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⢑⣵⠦⢈⠛⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⡶⣿⣗⣶⡖⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣟⡻⠋⢁⣹⠄⠒⠒⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣇⡼⠂⠘⢧⠨⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣶⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠌⡒⠱⡍⢂⡖⠚⣓⠂⢁⣤⣤⣭⠡⢀⠘⠛⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣯⣽⣿⣶⡀⢿⣾⣾⣧⣧⣿⡀⡼⠃⠀⣧⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠀⠈⣇⣾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⣽⢻⣿⣻⣆⣤⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⡛⢻⣓⢻⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⢿⣿⢀⠚⢿⣿⢻⣻⢲⠃⠀⠀⠉⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣏⡀⢀⡀⢀⠀⣿⣋⣀⡛⣻⠏⢛⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣄⡀⠲⠀⠌⠋⠀⠠⠻⣆⡀⠂⣀⣀⣀⣉⠉⠙⢿⣿⣿⠏⠘⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣧⠈⠖⠨⢉⣱⣿⢴⣄⢀⡀⠁⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡟⠃⠘⠓⠈⠫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣀⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠈⠬⠁⠠⢿⡿⠿⠋⠙⠻⠯⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠻⠿⣷⣂⡀⠖⢿⠽⠗⠘⠃⠘⢻⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡷⠶⠖⠲⠶⡆⣿⣦⣷⣥⣿⣿⣯⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣂⣐⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⡂⠀⠈⠙⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣤⣌⣟⣿⣛⣟⣿⣲⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⢵⠶⣶⠶⠶⣾⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⠉⡉⣉⠍⠑⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⡛⡿⠿⢻⢛⢛⣻⠿⢿⣿⣟⠿⣿⣟⣀⠀⣀⣻⡿⢿⢿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠐⠈⠝⠻⠻⠛⡛⠻⢻⣛⣛⡓⢻⣛⢛⣻⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡊⠉⠉⢉⠉⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⠎⠀⠈⠳⡂⣯⣭⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣟⠀⠀⢠⢀⠤⠓⠦⠁⠆⡭⠑⠻⢣⣤⠀⠠⠀⠀⢤⡀⠒⢿⣷⣩⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣂⡆⠀⠈⢳⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣠⠀⠀⢰⡧⣿⣿⠟⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠠⠛⠀⠐⠀⠈⠐⠀⣋⡤⢵⠏⢰⢮⡎⠀⠻⠋⡀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠁⠀⠀⡘⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠠⣬⡋⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠻⡏⢏⡏⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣘⣿⣿⣿⣗⣀⠈⠠⢀⢆⣬⠂⡔⢗⠖⠆⣆⠶⠶⣶⡶⣢⠑⢡⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⣧⢰⠄⣶⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠀⠉⡇⠛⠻⠿⠿⠛⠿⠯⠀⠀⠀⠴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠐⠉⠠⠆⠘⠧⠈⢣⠀⠗⠓⠀⠙⠿⢚⠞⠀⢸⣿⡿⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠉⠈⠁⠉⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣧⣥⣤⣭⣭⡇⣤⡄⡴⣄⠀⠀⢤⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠸⠛⠁⢝⠛⠹⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⢠⣶⣖⢒⠀⠀⡀⣒⣲⢦⣈⠈⡐⣀⣰⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⢥⡹⢯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣲⣶⣶⣶⡖⣼⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⢙⠉⣿⡍⡅⠊⠰⢻⣾⣧⡀⠌⣿⣿⢛⢿⣄⣀⣠⣀⠀⢀⣀⠈⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠆⠘⢿⣿⣷⠄⠀⢄⠐⠪⢿⠰⠇⠀⠈⢝⣾⠡⢊⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠁⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠁⠉⢿⣿⠅⢐⡖⠰⡒⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⠏⠠⠌⣷⣇⢈⡄⣾⣿⡟⠗⠀⣶⣿⠾⢛⣛⣛⡝⢿⣾⣿⢜⣳⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠈⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠈⢤⠁⡟⣔⡀⣖⣘⠠⠠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢀⣴⡶⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡶⣆⠀⠸⣃⡀⠀⠀⢙⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠐⠀⣼⣇⠀⠀⠑⣉⣁⠐⣱⠏⣡⣾⣿⠿⠿⢿⣶⣆⡙⠿⡵⣿⡟⡿⣿⣏⠿⣃⡦⠀⢰⣿⡍⠀⣈⠍⣀⡲⠐⣋⣈⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠀⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡄⢀⢾⡇⠀⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⠐⣿⡃⣾⣿⣾⢉⡭⡀⣰⣾⣿⢯⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⢿⣿⣷⣶⣠⣬⣑⣨⣭⠘⢿⡇⠀⠀⢻⣿⠀⠋⡲⡿⣛⣼⠿⠉⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠸⡇⡀⢀⣸⢺⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡍⠁⠉⠀⢩⣗⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣟⣛⣟⡃⠈⣽⣯⣬⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⡶⢋⣴⣾⣧⡝⠀⠠⣿⣿⣀⠈⠄⠐⢤⣐⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠈⠓⠉⠉⠈⠋⠁⠈⠀⣀⣘⣺⠀⠉⠈⠙⢸⡟⣿
⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠹⠛⠥⠒⠒⠒⠒⠀⠒⠒⢓⡒⣀⠒⠒⡒⠂⠐⢒⠒⠈⣚⠚⠉⠓⠚⣸⣾⠋⠙⠒⠀⠒⢋⠘⡓⡀⠲⢆⠐⠛⡉⢛⡛⠉⠛⠛⠉⢛⡟⡋⠹⢛⠓⠒⢐⣒⡂⠒⠂⠐⠒⠺⠿⣏⣐⡖⡒⡒⠒⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡅⠀⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⡄⠘⠥⢁⠠⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠰⢀⣧⠀⠂⡒⠙⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠁⣎⠀⠂⣿⠀⠂⠀⠀⠅⠀⠯⠿⠘⣵⠐⡇⠀⠸⡆⠀⡂⠦⠆⠀⠈⠙⠘⡐⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣲⣴⣏⣡⣄⣀⣠⣥⢀⢀⣉⣀⣁⣄⣀⢀⡅⠠⠀⢀⣀⡀⠑⠂⠀⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠠⠥⠤⠦⠠⠀⠤⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠠⠎⠀⡂⣠⣐⠀⢈⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡀⠀⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠻⣟⣛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⣟⡛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⡀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠋⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠼⠟⠛⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⠿⠃⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⠀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣃⣆⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢂⠘⢿⠟⣰⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠛⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠼⠿⠟⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣷⣄⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⣶⣶⣦⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢼⣧⣈⣰⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⠇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣻⢻⠙⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣟⣛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡆⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⣿⡿⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡿⣿⠁⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡇⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠘⣦⡀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡟⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⠇⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⡿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠻⠋⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⠀⢺⣶⣶⡆⡶⠶⡆⠀⠀⠛⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠠⢶⡾⠅⢸⣶⡖⢲⣶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⢸⠙⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠈⠉⡇⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠰⠶⠶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⣿⠶⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠀⠀⠐⠶⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⢿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡿⣿⢿⡽⣟⢿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡽⣯⢿⡽⣿⢿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⣿⡽⣿⠿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1683

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/Over_at_Tux_Machines.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Over at Tux
Machines...⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Oslo_city_centre,_Norway⦈_


⚓  Updated This Past Day⠀⇛


   1. ⚓ GNU/Linux_+_ChromeOS_Measured_at_Around_20%_in_Norway [original]⠀⇛


           Desktop Operating System Market Share Norway: Jan 2009 - Apr
           2024


      ⚓  New⠀⇛


   2. ⚓ Planning_a_Small_Party_for_Tux_Machines [original]⠀⇛


           We're turning 20 in 8 weeks from now


      ⚓  New⠀⇛


   3. ⚓ GNU/Linux_Inches_Closer_to_10%_in_Turkey [original]⠀⇛


           Windows was measured at 99.56% in April 2009


      ⚓  New⠀⇛


   4. ⚓ Security_Leftovers⠀⇛


           about half a dozen stories


   5. ⚓ VirtualBox_7.0.16_Released_with_Initial_Support_for_Linux_6.8_and_6.9
      Kernels⠀⇛


           Today, Oracle released VirtualBox 7.0.16 as a new stable update
           to its open-source, free, and cross-platform virtualization
           software bringing quite a few interesting changes for Linux
           users.


   6. ⚓ Programming_and_More⠀⇛


           mostly leftovers for the day


   7. ⚓ Security_Leftovers⠀⇛


           mostly incidents


   8. ⚓ Fedora_/_Red_Hat_Leftovers⠀⇛


           some rather long articles, too


   9. ⚓ Software_and_Games_Leftovers⠀⇛


           Taler, FEX, and more


  10. ⚓ Open_Hardware/Modding:_Retro,_STM32,_Raspberry_Pi,_Role_of_GNU/Linux,
      and_Arduino⠀⇛


           Some devices-oriented news


  11. ⚓ today's_howtos⠀⇛


           many howtos for today


  12. ⚓ KDE_Frameworks_and_KDE_Videos⠀⇛


           Some KDE picks for today


  13. ⚓ Audiocasts/Shows:_GNU_World_Order,_Late_Night_Linux,_WordPress
      Briefing,_and_Linux_User_Space⠀⇛


           Some new episodes


  14. ⚓ Mozilla:_These_Weeks_in_Firefox,_Servo,_and_More⠀⇛


           3 stories, Firefox focus


  15. ⚓ Firefox_126_Enters_Beta_Testing_with_a_Revamped_Dialog_for_Clearing
      User_Data⠀⇛


           While Mozilla is still working on releasing Firefox 125, which
           was delayed due to a last-minute blocker bug, they’ve already
           promoted the next major release, Firefox 126, to the beta
           channel for public testing.


  16. ⚓ KDE_Plasma_6.0.4_Is_Out_to_Improve_Plasma_Wayland,_System_Monitor,_and
      More⠀⇛


           The KDE Project released today KDE Plasma 6.0.4 as the fourth
           of five maintenance updates to the latest KDE Plasma 6 desktop
           environment series bringing fixes for bugs and crashes, as well
           as performance and UI improvements.


  17. ⚓ Announcing_AlmaLinux_9.4_Beta!⠀⇛


           The AlmaLinux OS Foundation is announcing the availability of
           AlmaLinux 9.4 Beta “Seafoam Ocelot” for all supported
           architectures


  18. ⚓ Android_Leftovers⠀⇛


           Android to grow at ‘twice the pace of iOS’ in 2024, IDC says


  19. ⚓ Zorin_OS_–_Linux_distribution_based_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛


           Zorin OS is renowned for being user-friendly and offering a
           familiar design


  20. ⚓ Fedora_–_innovative_platform_for_hardware,_clouds,_and_containers⠀⇛


           A distro provides the user with a desktop environment,
           preloaded applications, and ways to update and maintain the
           system


  21. ⚓ Arch_Linux_Re-Elects_Current_Leader_for_Another_Term⠀⇛


           Levente Polyák continues as Arch Linux Project Leader and wins
           the 2024 election unopposed


  22. ⚓ 10_Small_Image_Tools_that_Pack_a_Real_Punch⠀⇛


           The spotlight usually focuses on the heavyweight Linux graphics
           tools such as GIMP, Shotwell, digiKam, Inkscape, and Krita


  23. ⚓ PMS_–_interactive_console_client_for_the_Music_Player_Daemon⠀⇛


           It’s free and open source software


  24. ⚓ Purism_Differentiator_Series_And_Librem_5⠀⇛


           It is not just important to deliver products that respect
           people and their rights to privacy, security, and individual
           freedoms


  25. ⚓ KDE_neon_Open_Door_Chat⠀⇛


           We’re a few weeks after the KDE 6 Megarelease and while many
           people have it working well there were too many problems in KDE
           neon’s rollout


  26. ⚓ Kdenlive_24.02.2_released⠀⇛


           The second maintenance release of the 24.02 series is out with
           performance optimizations when moving clips in the timeline and
           across multiple project bins


  27. ⚓ RebornOS_is_a_beautiful,_user-friendly_take_on_Arch_Linux_with_desktop
      options_galore⠀⇛


           Looking for a Linux distro that's easy to use and highly
           customizable? RebornOS is both


  28. ⚓ Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software_Leftovers⠀⇛


           FOSS news


  29. ⚓ Programming,_Standards,_Web_Browsers,_and_Mozilla⠀⇛


           Some development-oriented news


  30. ⚓ Librem_5_and_Purism_Differentiator_Series⠀⇛


           Some Librem 5 updates/news


  31. ⚓ Security_and_the_"Microsoft_Problem"⠀⇛


           Microsoft again


  32. ⚓ Games:_Stellaris,_Bazzite,_OpenTTD,_OpenRazer,_MineClone2,_and_More⠀⇛


           8 stories from gamingonlinux


  33. ⚓ today's_howtos⠀⇛


           only 4 howtos for now


  34. ⚓ openSUSE_Leap_Micro_6_Enters_Alpha_Stage⠀⇛


           openSUSE’s Leap Micro 6 continues to provide a stable...


  35. ⚓ Arch_Linux_2024_Leader_Election_Results⠀⇛


           previous Project Leader Levente "anthraxx" Polyák ran again
           while no other people were nominated for the role


  36. ⚓ Today_in_Techrights⠀⇛


           Some of the latest articles


      =========================================================================
      The corresponding text-only bulletin for Tuesday contains all the text.
      Top-read articles (excluding bot/crawler visits):


                         Span from 2024-04-10 to 2024-04-16
      1928 /n/2024/03/29/A_backdoor_in_xz.shtml


      1002 /n/2024/04/12/Ubuntu_24_04_LTS_Noble_Numbat_Best_New_Features.shtml


      946  /n/2024/04/12/Blaming_Linux_for_Intel_Defects.shtml


      849  /n/2024/04/13/today_s_howtos.shtml


      834  /n/2024/04/12/Raspberry_Pi_and_Counterparts.shtml


      817  /n/2024/04/10/Gentoo_Linux_becomes_an_SPI_associated_project.shtml


      791  /n/2024/04/11/Security_Leftoverrs.shtml


      782  /n/2024/04/10/Linux_continues_to_be_above_4_on_the_desktop.shtml


      782  /n/2024/04/14/Security_Leftovers.shtml


      754  /n/2024/04/12/today_s_howtos.shtml




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⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠁⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠣⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠋⣁⣤⢀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣾⣿⣿⣄⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣸⠁⠀⠂⣠⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠇⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⢉⣽⣿
⡏⠀⠀⢀⠇⠀⠀⡄⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⡀⣀⡀⣀⠀⣀⢙⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠟⠡⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣷⠀⢠⠈⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠈⡸⠀⠀⢠⠃⠀⢰⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⣷⢻⡗⣿⡗⣿⢺⣤⢤⢤⠤⡤⡤⡤⡤⠀⠀⢠⢤⢤⣼⣽⣿⣿⡷⢿⡟⠂⠈⠀⢸⣿
⡄⠐⠠⠇⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⡄⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣻⣿⣿⣏⣿⣟⣿⣻⡆⡅⡇⡇⢅⢡⠀⠀⠘⡞⡟⡗⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⢿
⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⡛⠁⡺⢻⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣹⣏⣻⣏⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣻⣹⣹⡁⠀⠀⢏⣻⣻⣹⣾⣿⡾⡆⠀⠀⠀⡶⠀⡂
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠛⢸⡟⠃⠀⠁⠈⣿⢹⣿⣈⣿⣸⣿⣸⣿⣹⠀⠰⠸⠹⠙⠍⠏⠏⠀⠀⠸⠹⠈⠟⣿⣿⣻⣷⠀⠀⣿⣿⣽⣽
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⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⡄⠉⠀⠀⠀⢲⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⠀⠀⠀⢤⣶⣦⣼⡦⡀⢰⠧⠀⡄⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⣯⣷⣠⣼⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⣶⠔⡞⢘⣶⡎⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢁⠀⡤⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⠒⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣌⠀⠀⠀⣐⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠠⢀⣀⣇⣀⣠⣈⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢰⠉⠛⢟⠛⠫⠻⡿⠀⠲⠄⡉⠀⠀
⠈⠙⠚⠹⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣀⣢⠀⢀⣾⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣀⣤⣖⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠐⠀⠀⠠⠀⠠⠒⠛⠉⢉⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2020

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://news.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/When_you_give_money_to_Debian_where_does_it_go.shtml
    Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/n/2024/04/17/When_you_give_money_to_Debian_where_does_it_go.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ When you give money to Debian, where does
it go?⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


Numerous emails and blogs have appeared recently about Debian financial
decisions.


When people ask about giving money to support the development of the Debian
GNU/Linux_software, they are typically encouraged to place their donation in
the account of one of the listed Debian Trusted Organizations.


According to the Debian Constitution, if you give money to one of the Debian
Trusted Organizations, the Debian Project Leader will have absolute discretion
over how the money is used.


Nonetheless, there are other ways that people support Debian financially and
their money is not under the control of the Debian Project Leader. For example,
if a company employs Debian Developers, the payment goes directly to the
developers and the Debian Project Leader has no control over their duties.


In fact, anybody can make a personal donation or grant a freelance contract to
any developer or group of developers at any time.


This blog post simply ignores those possibilities and looks at the case where
you simply give the money to one of the Trusted Organizations (which Debianists
refer to as TOs) and it falls under the control of the Debian Project Leader.


Not all of the money will be spent promptly. Sometimes it just sits in the bank
account and gets eroded by inflation while the community has long email
discussions about other topics.


I just want to highlight some of the examples of expenses that were funded and
expenses that were denied over the years. This list might be updated from time
to time.


§ Things that have been funded⠀➾


    * For DebConf19 in Brazil, we_saw_the_budget_had_a_line_of_$10,000_for
      diversity. A group of young women from Albania and Kosovo were given free
      flights and accommodation and many of them were sitting at the same table
      as the Debian Project Leader for the DebConf dinner.
    * Outreachy internships: each year, Debian appears to be paying for
      approximately four internships, two in summer and two in winter. The
      internships are paid $7,000 each, regardless of the local salary where
      the intern resides. That is $28,000 per year plus travel grants.
    * Legal expenses: the FSFE fellows elected a Debian Developer as their
      representative in 2017. Over_$120,000_has_been_spent_on_legal_bills
      trying_to_control_what_the_volunteer_says and to hurt his family.
§ Things that were not funded⠀➾


    * When Adrian von Bidder died in 2011, Andreas_Tille_objected_to_use_of
      Debian_funds_to_buy_a_wreath, despite the fact that von Bidder had a
      formal role as secretary of Debian.ch, the incorporated association in
      Switzerland.
    * When a volunteer asked if his wife could eat the food at DebConf in South
      Africa, he received an_angry_rejection_email_from_Margarita_Manterola_at
      Google.
    * Volunteers from third world countries are told to pay_their_own_visa_fees
      and_other_incidental_costs for attending DebConf, even though these
      expenses are disproportionate compared to their incomes.
    * According to the response submitted in the latest WIPO UDRP dispute,
      volunteers_were_asked_to_pay_a_supplement_for_joining_the_kayak_trip and
      this may have been the reason one local Indian developer was left behind
      to swim by himself. He drowned.
§ Before you give money to a Debian Trusted Organization⠀➾


Please think about visiting the debian-project email list and asking how the
decision making, budget processes and financial reporting can be improved to
provide more transparency about the expenditure goals and better outcomes.


If you are not satisfied with the decision making processes and transparency,
consider giving donations to local Debian Developers who are working on things
that you are familiar with. █





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2123

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Gemini Links 17/04/2024: "Failure Is An
Option", Profectus Alpha 0.5 From a Microsofter Trying to Dethrone
Gemini⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Dog_on_the_browse⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Gemini*_and_Gopher
          o Personal/Opinions
          o Technology_and_Free_Software
                # Internet/Gemini
    * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾


          o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾


                # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding_—_DUINOSF_Wordo:_ANENT⠀⇛


                # ⚓ More_Early-Spring_Tanana_Adventures_(publ._2024-04-17)⠀⇛


                       I have been able to do some more walks along the
                       Tanana, even though the snow has not melted yet.
                       Last Wednesday, I noticed these two moderately-tall
                       trees, which I believe are both the same kind of
                       Willow tree, but with different gender catkins. My
                       understanding is that the furry catkins are male.


                # ⚓ April_17,_2024_-_Commemoration_of_Saint_Anicetus,_Pope,
                  Martyr_(W)⠀⇛


                       Simon Peter, if thou lovest Me, feed My lambs, feed
                       My sheep.


                       Psalm: I will extol Thee, O Lord, for Thou hast
                       upheld me: and hast not made mine enemies to
                       rejoice over me.


                       Glory by to the Father. Simon Peter, if thou lovest
                       Me, feed My lambs, feed My sheep.


          o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾


                # ⚓ tarot_-_typing_vs_live⠀⇛


                       setting: cool morning air brings the smells of the
                       allotments and the sounds of the city through the
                       window. sitting in my mom's not very comfortable
                       chair, enjoying a quiet moment before another busy
                       day.


                # ⚓ remint_(for_remind)⠀⇛


                       Just a short note: the "remint" [1] is a nice too
                       which makes use of the Remind calendar system
                       ("remind") [2]. Somewhat easier.


                       It's a bash script so it work quite well through
                       ssh and so. At least on modern systems. It probably
                       does just things one can do by using a bunch of
                       proper commands (renders nice calendar, searches,
                       updates calendars to a Git repository) but it does
                       these things easier.


                       It seems to work on semi-current Fedora and the
                       current NetBSD without any issues.


                # ⚓ Any_Given_Person⠀⇛


                       The centralization of everything is exposing just
                       how many people and companies exist as parasites in
                       our online ecosystem. We've known for years that
                       Meta was using its free products, Facebook and
                       Instagram, as data-capturing devices. And while
                       maybe we expect it from the companies who own the
                       products, it still manages to surprise when someone
                       else is doing it, a third party, from a source we
                       didn't expect.


                # ⚓ Failure_Is_An_Option⠀⇛


                       100% test coverage is a luxury for the idle who
                       have the time to write the necessary tests. Full
                       coverage can be tricky if you need a file
                       descriptor or socket to fail after some number of
                       bytes (or maybe some amount of time or packets)
                       have gone by. One can sometimes use a fake or mock
                       object, or possibly LD_PRELOAD hacks. Some
                       solutions may limit the portability of the tests.


                # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Profectus_Alpha_0.5:_GIFs_and_APNGs⠀⇛


                             NOTE: Profectus is a new graphical browser
                             for Gemini, Nex, and Scroll.


===============================================================================
* Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2263

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 17/04/2024: Free-Market Policies
Wane, China Marks Economic Recovery⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_blue_credit_card⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Science
          o Education
          o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
          o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
          o Security
                # Privacy/Surveillance
          o Defence/Aggression
          o Environment
                # Energy/Transportation
                # Wildlife/Nature
          o Finance
          o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
          o Censorship/Free_Speech
          o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
          o Civil_Rights/Policing
          o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
          o Monopolies/Monopsonies
                # Patents
                # Trademarks
                # Copyrights
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Dokibird_played_Flight_Simulator⠀⇛


                 I haven’t watched it through yet, but a vtuber playing
                 one of my favourite games of all time!? It was a salve to
                 a troubled mind.


          o ⚓ Chris ☛ The_Parking_Lot_Drill⠀⇛


          o ⚓ NYPost ☛ Third_Disney_Cruise_crew_member_arrested_on_child_porn
            charges_this_year⠀⇛


                 The officers confiscated two phones that Neri had on him
                 and discovered "numerous sexually explicit photographs
                 and videos of young children whose ages could not be
                 definitely determined."


          o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ More_Microwave_Metal_Casting⠀⇛


                 If you think you can’t do investment casting because you
                 don’t have a safe place to melt metal, think again. Metal
                 casting in the kitchen is possible, as demonstrated by
                 this over-the-top bathroom hook repair using a microwave
                 forge.


          o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Recycling_Wires_For_Breadboarding⠀⇛


                 It is easy to take things for granted, but if you work
                 with students, you realize that even something as simple
                 as a breadboard needs explanation. [0033mer] recently
                 shared a tip about how he wires both solderless
                 breadboards and prototype boards on the cheap. Instead of
                 buying special wires, he salvages riser cables often
                 found in scrap from demolished buildings. These often
                 have 200 or so thin solid wires inside. You take them
                 apart, and, as he put it, if you have 15 feet of the
                 stuff, that will last you the rest of your life. We hope
                 you live longer than that, but still.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ First_Fractal_Molecule_in_Nature_Assembles
                  Into_a_Sierpinski_Triangle_And_We_Don't_Know_Why⠀⇛


                       It's accidentally beautiful!


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Writing_Down_Your_Angry_Feelings_Is_Only
                  The_First_Step_to_Calming_Your_Rage⠀⇛


                       Step two is far more fun.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ A_Rare_Event_Gave_This_Algae_an_Organelle
                  That_Traps_And_Uses_Nitrogen⠀⇛


                       It joins an exlusive club.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Strange_New_Form_of_Gold_Exists_as_a_Sheet
                  That's_Just_One_Atom_Thick⠀⇛


                       They call it goldene.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ A_Strange_Ritual_Murder_Was_Repeated_Across
                  Europe_For_More_Than_2,000_Years⠀⇛


                       A true horror.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Science_Confirms_Hugs_Can_Ease_Pain,
                  Anxiety,_And_Depression⠀⇛


                       Bring it in.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Voynich_Manuscript_Finally_Decoded?
                  Medieval_Sex_Secrets_May_Hide_in_Mysterious_Text⠀⇛


                       It's a bizarre 600-year-old puzzle.


          o § Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Violence_in_Eastern_DRC_Shutters_Schools,_Puts
                  Students’_Future_at_Risk⠀⇛


                       A few minutes after recess ended, gunmen emerged
                       from the surrounding forest and began firing their
                       weapons near the school in North Kivu, Democratic
                       Republic of the Congo. “I heard explosions and
                       other loud noises,” a 12-year-old student
                       identified as Bahati told the nongovernmental
                       organization Save the Children.


                # ⚓ EDRI ☛ Media_Literacy_Case_for_Educators:_Empowering
                  Educators_for_the_Next_Digital_Decade⠀⇛


                       With a growing generation of teens relying on the
                       internet for learning, entertainment and
                       socialising, it's crucial to cultivate their
                       capacity to ask critical questions about how
                       technology impacts their lives, their communities
                       and the planet. But how can educators guide teens
                       to understand and navigate the digital world
                       confidently?


                # ⚓ Stanford University ☛ Until_next_time_Stanford⠀⇛


                       "When I return to Stanford, I hope I come back as
                       the kind of person that truly lives up to the time
                       someone told me that I would have made a great RA,"
                       Strawser writes as he reflects on taking a break
                       from Stanford.


          o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


                # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ EPA_Finalizes_New_Standards_for_Cancer-
                  Causing_Chemicals⠀⇛


                       The Environmental Protection Agency will
                       drastically reduce cancerous air pollution from
                       chemical plants. The regulation, announced last
                       week, comes two years after a ProPublica analysis
                       identified more than a thousand toxic hot spots
                       that elevate the cancer risk of millions of
                       Americans.


                # ⚓ RFA ☛ US_says_China_is_funding_America’s_fentanyl_crisis⠀⇛


                       A congressional report says Chinese firms are
                       subsidized via tax rebates to export fentanyl raw
                       materials


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ The_Best_of_Reason:_Anti-Chinese_Xenophobia_Fueled
                  America's_First_Drug_War⠀⇛


                       San Francisco's prohibitionists worried that opium
                       dens were patronized by "young men and women of
                       respectable parentage" as well as "the vicious and
                       the depraved."


                # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Namibia:_Workshop_to_Address_Agricultural
                  Crisis⠀⇛


                       In his speech at the workshop, Minister of
                       Agriculture, Water and Land Reform Carl Schlettwein
                       underscored the urgent need for action as Namibia
                       grapples with below-normal rainfall and erratic
                       weather patterns.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Vitamin_D_supplements_for_everyone_in_Latvia,_say
                  experts⠀⇛


                       Our geographic region requires that both children
                       and adults take supplementary vitamin D, which is
                       necessary for the development of the bone system in
                       children and the maintenance of bone strength in
                       adults, according to Latvian Radop April 15.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Paramedic_gets_suspended_sentence_for_negligence
                  causing_death⠀⇛


                       The Zemgale District Court has sentenced paramedic
                       Gints Vaits to one year suspended sentence and a
                       four-year ban from medical practice for leaving a
                       young woman unconscious and failing to provide
                       assistance, Latvian Television reported on April
                       16.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Early_heatwave_brings_headache_for_fruit_farmers
                  in_Latvia⠀⇛


                       A heatwave experienced in early April has woken
                       plants up too early. Plums, apricots, and cherries
                       are blooming, and apple trees and pears are also
                       green. Now cooler weather has begun and frosts are
                       expected, so fruit farmers are thinking about how
                       to protect their plantations, Latvian Radio
                       reported April 16.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Machine_Learning_Uncovers_New_Ways_to_Kill
                  Bacteria_With_Non-Antibiotic_Drugs⠀⇛


                       Unexpected weapons to fight superbugs.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Your_Spinal_Cord_Can_Learn_And_Recall
                  Without_Brain_Input_And_We_Finally_Know_How⠀⇛


                       A game-changer in neuroscience.


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ US_Supreme_Court_allows_Idaho_gender-affirming
                  care_ban_for_minors_to_go_into_effect⠀⇛


                       The US Supreme Court granted an emergency request
                       for stay led by Idaho officials, allowing the state
                       to temporarily enforce a statewide ban on gender-
                       affirming care for certain minors. This ban is one
                       of the first cases related to transgender health
                       care to reach the nation’s highest court.


                # ⚓ PHR ☛ U.S._Senators_Introduce_Bill_to_Limit_ICE_Solitary
                  Confinement_Following_PHR_Report⠀⇛


                       The U.S. Congress should immediately abolish the
                       use of solitary confinement in U.S. immigration
                       detention facilities, Physicians for Human Rights
                       (PHR) urged during testimony before the Senate
                       Judiciary Committee today.  “Solitary confinement
                       unquestionably leads to severely detrimental health
                       effects.


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Advancing_health_and_resilience_policies
                  in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean⠀⇛


                       During an off-the-record private roundtable,
                       thought leaders and practitioners from across the
                       Americas discussed how to further enhance access to
                       and finance for health services and products in the
                       region.


          o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


                # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ AI_was_supposed_to_make_police
                  bodycams_better._What_happened?⠀⇛


                       On July 25 last year, in circuit court in Dane
                       County, Wisconsin, a motion was filed to dismiss a
                       criminal case as a result of what defense attorneys
                       described as “institutional bad-faith actions” by a
                       local police department.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_universities_mull_Hey_Hi_(AI)_in_higher
                  education⠀⇛


                       Artificial intelligence tools have increasingly
                       entered the study process this academic year. Each
                       university is gradually developing guidelines on
                       how and whether these tools can be used in
                       teaching, Latvian Radio reported April 16.


                # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ A_Brief_History_of_Kill_Lists,_from_Langley_to
                  Lavender⠀⇛


                       The Israeli online magazine +972 has published a
                       detailed report on Israel’s use of an artificial
                       intelligence (AI) system called “Lavender” to
                       target thousands of Palestinian men in its bombing
                       campaign in Gaza. When Israel attacked Gaza after
                       October 7, the Lavender system had a database of
                       37,000 Palestinian men with suspected links to
                       Hamas...


          o § Security⠀➾


                # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Cloud_Users_Warned_of_Data_Exposure
                        Risk_From_Command-Line_Tools [Ed: Clown computing is,
                        in general a data breach (outsourcing)]⠀⇛


                             Cloud security specialists found data
                             exposure risk associated with Azure, AWS, and
                             Surveillance Giant Google Cloud command-line
                             tools.


                      # ⚓ EDRI ☛ Open_letter:_Mass_surveillance_and_undermining
                        encryption_still_on_table_in_EU_Council⠀⇛


                             Today, 17 April, EDRi, in a coalition with 48
                             civil society organisations and 26 individual
                             experts, call on Member State representatives
                             not to agree to the proposed EU Council
                             position on the Child Sexual Abuse (CSA)
                             Regulation whilst so many critical issues
                             remain.


                      # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ FISA_Exchanges_Real_Liberty_for_Phantom
                        Security⠀⇛


                             House Speaker Mike Johnson betrayed liberty
                             and the Constitution by making a full-court
                             press to get a “clean” reauthorization of
                             Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence
                             Surveillance (FISA) Act through the House.
                             Section 702 authorizes warrantless
                             surveillance of foreign citizens.


                      # ⚓ YLE ☛ Nordea_glitch_reveals_others'_accounts⠀⇛


                             The bank said on Tuesday that some of its
                             customers may have been able to view accounts
                             belonging to other Nordea private and
                             corporate clients.


                      # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Landmark_UK_law_would_criminalize
                        making_sexualized_deepfakes_even_if_they_aren’t_shared
                        [Ed: How would that be enforced? Remote spying on every
                        file each device contains?]⠀⇛


                             The British government today announced it’s
                             taking a zero-tolerance stance against
                             sexually explicit deepfakes by introducing a
                             new law that will mean creators of such
                             content are at risk of being convicted of a
                             crime even if they don’t share the video or
                             image.


                      # ⚓ RFA ☛ China's_spy_agency_encourages_people_to_see
                        spies_everywhere⠀⇛


                             The 'national security' campaign will create
                             fear of the West and strain personal
                             relationships, analysts say.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Israel_Weighs_Response_to_Iran_Attack,
                  With_Each_Choice_a_Risk⠀⇛


                       In debating how to respond to last weekend’s
                       Iranian airstrike, Israel’s war cabinet is choosing
                       between options that could deter future attacks or
                       de-escalate hostilities, but all carry drawbacks.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ For_Israel’s_Allies,_Iranian_Missile
                  Strike_Scrambles_Debate_Over_Gaza⠀⇛


                       Israel’s restless allies have voiced anger over the
                       death toll in Gaza, but when their archnemesis
                       launched a missile barrage, they set it aside. At
                       least for the moment.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China's_military_plans_more_drills_near
                  Myanmar_border⠀⇛


                       BEIJING - China will hold air defence and live-fire
                       drills near its border with Myanmar from Wednesday,
                       state media said, in this month's second round of
                       such exercises as fighting between Myanmar's ruling
                       junta and rebel forces intensifies.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ US_Navy_plane_flies_through_Taiwan
                  Strait_after_China,_US_defence_chiefs_speak⠀⇛


                       BEIJING - A U.S. Navy patrol aircraft flew through
                       the sensitive Taiwan Strait on Wednesday, just
                       hours after a conversation between the Chinese and
                       U.S. defence chiefs, in which Beijing warned
                       Washington of the ultra-sensitive nature of the
                       Taiwan issue.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Missiles,_drones_and_warships_the
                  priority_as_Australia_plans_$32_billion_defence_boost⠀⇛


                       SYDNEY - Australia will boost defence spending by
                       A$50.3 billion ($32 billion) over the next decade
                       and reshuffle its weapons programs to emphasise
                       missiles, drones and warships as it looks to the
                       possibility of a Pacific conflict between China and
                       the U.S.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ China,_US_should_find_ways_for
                  pragmatic_military_relations,_Chinese_defence_minister_says⠀⇛


                       China and the United States should explore ways for
                       a pragmatic and cooperative relationship between
                       their militaries, and "gradually accumulate mutual
                       trust", the Chinese defence minister was cited as
                       saying by the ministry on Wednesday.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Germany’s_Leader,_Olaf_Scholz,_Walks_a
                  Fine_Line_in_China⠀⇛


                       Chancellor Olaf Scholz tried to promote German
                       business interests while delivering warnings from
                       Europe about trade and geopolitical tensions.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Lebanese_Official_Blames_Israel’s_Spy
                  Agency_for_Killing_Near_Beirut⠀⇛


                       The U.S. had accused the dead man of being a
                       financial middleman between Hamas and Iran. The
                       interior minister said there were suggestions that
                       the killing “was carried out by intelligence
                       services.”


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Wednesday_Briefing:_China’s_Economy_Grew
                  Faster_Than_Expected⠀⇛


                       Plus, Australia’s feral cat problem.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ China’s_top_diplomat_Wang_Yi_says
                  Iran_willing_to_‘exercise_restraint’_following_attack_on
                  Israel⠀⇛


                       China’s foreign minister held phone discussions
                       with his Iranian counterpart, Beijing state media
                       said Tuesday, reporting that Iran said it was
                       “willing to exercise restraint” after its first-
                       ever attack on Israel’s territory.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ M23_Offensive_Sparks_Fears_of_Regional_War⠀⇛


                       ADF STAFF Intensifying gun battles and explosions
                       drove Prudent Kahindo and her three children from
                       their home in February. When they arrived at an
                       informal camp for displaced people outside the city
                       of Goma, they found their lives were no less
                       threatened.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Burkina_Faso_Use_of_Volunteer_Militia_Drives_Increase
                  in_Civilian_Deaths⠀⇛


                       Since Burkina Faso’s ruling junta came to power in
                       September 2022, the leadership increasingly has
                       relied on the poorly trained and lightly armed
                       Volunteers for the Defense of the Fatherland (VDP)
                       to serve as front-line forces to battle extremists.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Landmines_Leave_Deadly_Legacy_in_Tigray⠀⇛


                       Nahom Halefom, 13, was playing outside with two
                       friends near the town of Queshet in central Tigray.
                       His mother was watching. “I took my eyes off him
                       for a moment. Then I heard the explosion,” she told
                       The Ethiopian Reporter newspaper for an article
                       published on March 23.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Illicit_Weapons_Trafficking,_Manufacturing_Fuels
                  Lagos_Violence⠀⇛


                       Nigerian authorities are working to contain a
                       thriving illicit weapons market in Lagos as local
                       manufacturers of illegal guns continuously hone
                       their trade. Local illegal gun factories are known
                       for producing imitation weapons that look like the
                       originals.


                # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Paris_Conference_Draws_International_Attention_to
                  Sudan_Crisis⠀⇛


                       The Paris meeting included a political panel at the
                       ministerial level to try to find ways out of the
                       conflict.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Situation_in_Sudan_'probably_the_most_disastrous
                  in_the_world',_says_former_PM_Hamdok⠀⇛


                       FRANCE 24 spoke to Abdalla Hamdok, who served as
                       Sudan's prime minister twice after the fall of Omar
                       al-Bashir in 2019. As the war in his country
                       entered its second year, the former premier
                       described the situation as "extremely catastrophic,
                       probably the most serious, disastrous situation in
                       the world today". Yet he expressed hope that the
                       war "will come to an end", noting "some progress"
                       in regional and national efforts towards a
                       political solution.


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ War:_An_Opportunity_for_Spending?⠀⇛


                       Plus: How matzo gets made, Fentanylware (TikTok)
                       employees reporting to Beijing-based ByteDance,
                       espionage concerns in Germany, and more...


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Steve_Mnuchin’s_Fentanylware_(TikTok)
                  Takeover_Plan_Continues_While_Senators_Ponder_a_Ban⠀⇛


                       As US Senators ponder a Fentanylware (TikTok) ban,
                       Steve Mnuchin continues his work towards making a
                       bid on the China-owned app, angling for a
                       partnership with a tech company like Oracle to
                       rebuild the platform’s algorithm.


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Months_After_Expanding_Its
                  Ticketmaster_Partnership,_Fentanylware_(TikTok)_Unveils_a
                  Global_Tie-Up_With_AXS⠀⇛


                       After expanding its Ticketmaster partnership in
                       late 2023, Fentanylware (TikTok) has finalized a
                       global ticketing pact with AEG’s AXS, enabling
                       users to purchase event passes in-app. ByteDance-
                       owned Fentanylware (TikTok) unveiled the AXS tie-up
                       via a formal release today, as it stares down
                       potential litigation from Universal Music Group.


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Universal_Music_Group_Considering
                  Serious_Legal_Action_Against_Fentanylware_(TikTok)_Over_DMCA
                  Violations_—_Here’s_What_We_Know_So_Far⠀⇛


                       If you enjoyed watching Universal Music Group
                       remove its entire catalog from TikTok, you’ll
                       absolutely love what’s potentially coming next. For
                       those who enjoy high-stakes showdowns between major
                       media companies and tech giants, Universal Music
                       Group vs. Fentanylware (TikTok) has been action-
                       packed. But you might need a fresh bowl of popcorn
                       for what’s next.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Shooting_suspect_killed_by_police_after_chase_in
                  Pirkanmaa⠀⇛


                       After being stopped, the suspect fired at police,
                       who said they "also had to use a weapon in the
                       situation". Officials said later that the suspect
                       had died.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Rising_Risk_of_Somali_Pirate_Attacks_Fuels_Maritime
                  Insecurity_Off_East_Africa⠀⇛


                       Increasing attacks by Somali pirates are
                       exacerbating global shipping and fueling maritime
                       insecurity around East Africa. After a six-year
                       lull in major pirate attacks, there have been more
                       than 20 attempted hijackings since November,
                       Reuters reported.


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Bikes_and_scooters_in_Vilnius:_how_to_park_to
                        avoid_trouble?⠀⇛


                             This year, on top of scooters, Bolt has
                             introduced a short-term rental of electric
                             bicycles in Vilnius. However, some residents
                             say this creates even more chaos in the city.
                             According to the police, parking rental bikes
                             and scooters incorrectly can in some cases be
                             considered a violation of the road traffic
                             rules.


                      # ⚓ Latvia ☛ How_to_get_a_bicycle_or_scooter_license_in
                        Latvia?⠀⇛


                             According to the law, young people using
                             bicycles or scooters on public roads –
                             including children as young as ten – need to
                             have a cycling proficiency license. Such a
                             license or a license of a higher category,
                             such as a driver's license, is also required
                             for adults using an electric scooter. How to
                             get a cyclist's license and how to prepare
                             for the exam? Latvian Television has the
                             answer.


                      # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Connecting_trike_front_suspension_to
                        frame⠀⇛


                             Continuing my recumbent trike front
                             suspension project, this is the previous
                             post:


                             https://bkhome.org/news/202403/considering-
                             heim-joints-for-wheel-knuckles.html


                      # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ What_plastics_really_recycle:_myths⠀⇛


                             (I wanted to take a break from writing about
                             tech today, so here’s something random that’s
                             been on my mind! Or I suppose, in my mind,
                             given how microplastics are now a thing.
                             Thanks for reading).


                      # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Cryptojacker_Arrested,_Charged_for
                        Defrauding_Cloud_Providers_of_$3.5_Million⠀⇛


                             Charles O. Parks III was arrested and charged
                             with defrauding two cloud-services providers
                             of $3.5 million.


                      # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ EY_launches_blockchain-based_business
                        contract_management_solution_on_Ethereum [Ed: Snakeoil
                        with decorative jargon]⠀⇛


                             Global professional services company Ernst &
                             Young Global Ltd. today announced the launch
                             of a blockchain-enabled solution that will
                             help businesses execute complex business
                             agreements and reduce costs while maintaining
                             security.


                      # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ What_Iran’s_attack_on_Israel_means
                        for_global_energy⠀⇛


                             On the weekend of April 13th, energy markets
                             have shown a muted response to Iran’s
                             unprecedented attack on Israel. As Israel
                             weighs its response, the risks to fuel prices
                             and global energy security are extremely
                             high. Our experts comment on what to watch
                             for.


                # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾


                      # ⚓ YLE ☛ More_backyard_bear_sightings_near_Tampere⠀⇛


                             While brown bears in Finland can weigh up to
                             230kg, they very rarely attack humans.


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finnish_tax_officials_report_rise_in_white-collar
                  crime⠀⇛


                       Reported financial crimes rose by 15 percent last
                       year, reaching an all-time high.


                # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ China_extends_anticorruption_drive_to_Belt
                  and_Road⠀⇛


                       The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is increasingly
                       taking a stand against corruption in the Belt and
                       Road Initiative (BRI).


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_Bashes_Trump_in_Pennsylvania_as_He
                  Lays_Out_His_Tax_Plan⠀⇛


                       Speaking in Scranton, Pa., his hometown, the
                       president used a speech about economic fairness as
                       a new avenue of attack against his Republican
                       rival, who was in a courtroom two hours away.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ THL:_Younger_people_have_more_negative_opinions_about
                  gambling⠀⇛


                       People under the age of 45 are less keen on
                       gambling than their older counterparts, according
                       to a new study by the Finnish Institute for Health
                       and Welfare.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finland_plans_"difficult_but_necessary"_spending_cuts
                  and_tax_rises⠀⇛


                       The budget for 2025-2028 will see the country's
                       general rate of Value Added Tax (VAT) increase to
                       25.5 percent from the current level of 24 percent,
                       with cuts to education and healthcare also in the
                       pipeline.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Stubb's_presidential_campaign_cost_€2.7m [Ed: Buying
                  an election? Be a millionaire, or sell yourself to some.]⠀⇛


                       Pekka Haavisto, who was NCP candidate Alexander
                       Stubb's second-round opponent, spent 1.9m euros
                       vying for the presidency.


                # ⚓ RFA ☛ Van_Thinh_Phat_case_tests_investor_confidence_in
                  Vietnam⠀⇛


                       The case highlights lax government oversight of the
                       financial system, observers say.


                # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Pay_was_starting_to_outpace_US_inflation._Can
                  it_keep_up?⠀⇛


                       Stubborn inflation is not only upsetting investors
                       who await interest rate cuts. It’s also threatening
                       to undermine the rise in workers’ real wages.


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ Study_Finds_Occupational_Licensing_Laws_Depress
                  Wages_in_Other_Industries⠀⇛


                       A Cato Institute policy brief found that while
                       licensed occupations see a nice bump in pay,
                       licensing requirements lower wages for other
                       similar occupations.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ The_Global_Turn_Away_From_Free-Market
                  Policies_Worries_Economists⠀⇛


                       More countries are embracing measures meant to
                       encourage their own security and independence, a
                       trend that some say could slow global growth.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ China’s_foreign_minister_to_visit
                  Indonesia,_Cambodia_and_Papua_New_Guinea⠀⇛


                       China’s top diplomat Wang Yi will visit Indonesia,
                       Cambodia and Papua New Guinea this week, the
                       foreign ministry said on Tuesday. Wang’s trip will
                       kick off on Thursday, April 18 and wrap up on April
                       23, foreign ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian said.
                       The foreign minister will chair a session of the
                       China-Indonesia High-level Dialogue Cooperation […]


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Why_Elections_Take_So_Long_in_India⠀⇛


                       The election is a giant undertaking that requires
                       millions of poll workers, voting machines and
                       security forces to cover deserts, mountains,
                       forests and megacities.


                # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Not_everyone_is_watching_the_elections_in
                  Solomon_Islands._Why_China_will_be.⠀⇛


                       China has been courting influence with countries in
                       the South Pacific – and the Solomon Islands have
                       been its biggest success. An election this week
                       could change that.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Solomon_Islands_votes_in_election
                  watched_by_China,_US_for_regional_security_impact⠀⇛


                       The Solomon Islands began voting in a national
                       election on Wednesday, the first since Prime
                       Minister Manasseh Sogavare in 2022 struck a
                       security pact with China and drew the Pacific
                       Islands nation closer to Beijing.


                # ⚓ RFA ☛ Solomon_Islands_observes_campaign_blackout_ahead_of
                  election⠀⇛


                       Nearly 400 independent observers are monitoring the
                       voting in national and provincial elections.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Solomon_Islands_voters_go_to_polls_as_China's
                  influence_draws_scrunity⠀⇛


                       Solomon Islanders began voting Wednesday in an
                       election that could reshape regional security, with
                       citizens effectively choosing if their Pacific
                       nation will deepen ties with China


                # ⚓ RFA ☛ Solomon_Islanders_vote_in_key_election_for_their
                  country,_region⠀⇛


                       The election is the first since pro-Beijing Prime
                       Minister Manasseh Sogavare switched diplomatic
                       recognition to China.


                # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Team_set_up_to_rebut
                        ‘slanders’_of_new_security_law_here_to_stay,_Hong_Kong
                        says,_citing_ongoing_‘misinformation’⠀⇛


                             A team established to rebut criticism of Hong
                             Kong’s new security law will continue to
                             operate, the government has said, citing
                             continued “misinformation and slanders from
                             time to time.”


          o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ No_Sealing_of_Allegedly_Defamatory_Statements_in
                  Libel_Lawsuit⠀⇛


                       "Dr. Morrison brought this lawsuit. He chose to
                       challenge the accuracy of these statements in a
                       public courtroom. If disclosing the allegedly-
                       defamatory statements invades his privacy or causes
                       him injury, it is solely the result of his own
                       actions and decisions."


                # ⚓ RFA ☛ China_axes_hundreds_of_TV_dramas_depicting_family
                  tensions⠀⇛


                       Crackdown comes amid the government's push for
                       women to bear more children.


                # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ Shooting_survivor_joins_students_to
                  protest_Kyle_Rittenhouse’s_campus_visit⠀⇛


                       Several student organizations were joined by Paul
                       Prediger during the Ohio Student Association press
                       conference on April 16 to voice their concerns over
                       Kyle Rittenhouse’s presence on campus.


                # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ Applause_inside,_boos_outside:_Kyle
                  Rittenhouse_speaks_to_supporters,_protestors_during_campus
                  visit⠀⇛


                       Gun-rights activist Kyle Rittenhouse was met with
                       protesters holding signs and chanting outside the
                       KIVA Tuesday evening, but inside the venue during
                       his speech, he was met with plenty of praise.


                # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ ‘Hey_ho,_Rittenhouse_has_got_to_go’:
                  Students_protest_on_the_K⠀⇛


                       Editors note: The name of a source, Acieno Leipply-
                       Caban, was updated to reflect their identity
                       accurately, Aciano Rosales.


                # ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ ‘Get_the_f***_off_our_campus’:_Protesters
                  voice_concerns_over_Kyle_Rittenhouse⠀⇛


                       Protesters outside the KIVA screamed “Get the f***
                       off our campus” and “shame” as attendees left pro-
                       gun rights activist Kyle Rittenhouse campus speech
                       Tuesday evening.


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ Brussels_Mayor_Attempts_To_Shut_Down_National
                  Conservatism_Conference_by_Force⠀⇛


                       It's a good thing opponents of the move can appeal
                       to the liberal values of free speech, free
                       association, and equal treatment under law.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ USC_Cancels_Valedictorian’s_Speech_After
                  Claims_of_Antisemitism⠀⇛


                       The university cited security concerns at the
                       graduation. But the student, who is Muslim, said
                       the school was “succumbing to a campaign of hate
                       meant to silence my voice.”


          o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Lays_Out_Protections_for_Assange_if
                  He_Is_Extradited⠀⇛


                       American officials sought to reassure the U.K.
                       about Julian Assange’s treatment should the former
                       WikiLeaks founder, who has been indicted by the
                       U.S., be sent there.


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ MPs_accuse_BillBC_of_‘sweeping_bad_news’_of
                  local_radio_cuts_‘under_the_rug’⠀⇛


                       MPs examining the BBC's Across the UK strategy
                       raised concerns over cuts to dedicated local radio
                       programming.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_court_rejects_media_mogul
                  Jimmy_Lai’s_challenge_against_decision_to_bar_British_lawyer
                  from_trial⠀⇛


                       A Hong Kong court has rejected media mogul Jimmy
                       Lai’s challenge against a national security
                       committee’s decision to bar a British lawyer from
                       taking part in his ongoing security trial.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Jimmy_Lai_hoped_to_lead_2019
                  protests_amid_concern_‘radicals’_would_dampen_global_support,
                  court_hears⠀⇛


                       Hong Kong media mogul Jimmy Lai wanted to “lead”
                       protesters in 2019 amid concerns that the violent
                       actions of “radicals” would threaten the movement’s
                       international support, an activist has testified
                       during the Apple Daily founder’s national security
                       trial.


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ California_sues_city_of_Huntington_Beach_after
                  passing_voter_identification_laws⠀⇛


                       California officials filed suit against the city of
                       Huntington Beach Monday after it passed Measure A,
                       a voter identification law. The ballot measure
                       would “authorize, but not require, the City to;
                       verify the eligibility of Electors by voter
                       identification…” and “monitor ballot drop boxes
                       located within the City for compliance with all
                       applicable laws.”


          o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


                # ⚓ Zimbabwe ☛ Africa’s_Digital_Divide:_The_Case_of_.africa
                  Top-Level_Domain⠀⇛


                       Africa, the world’s second-largest and second-most
                       populous continent, is often celebrated for its
                       rich cultural diversity and vast potential.
                       However, when it comes to its digital presence, the
                       continent lags significantly behind other regions.
                       >


                # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ How_I_Use_the_Internet,_According_to_Nineties
                  Action_Movies⠀⇛


                       I pull up a digitized photo on the screen. Leaning
                       in, I drag a bright-green box around a detail in
                       the image, type rapidly for a full fifteen seconds,
                       and then softly say, “Enhance.”


                # ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ Researchers_create_'quantum_drums'_to
                  store_qubits_—_one_step_closer_to_groundbreaking_internet
                  speed_and_security⠀⇛


                       Quantum drums capable of storing and converting
                       existing light data (i.e. fiber optic cables) may
                       be integral to the future of a quantum-powered
                       Internet with interconnected quantum computing
                       devices.


                # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ X.com_Automatically_Changing_Link_Text_but
                  Not_URLs⠀⇛


                       Brian Krebs reported that X (formerly known as
                       Twitter) started automatically changing twitter.com
                       links to x.com links. The problem is: (1) it
                       changed any domain name that ended with
                       “twitter.com,” and (2) it only changed the link’s
                       appearance (anchortext), not the underlying URL. So
                       if you were a clever phisher and registered
                       fedetwitter.com, people would see the link as
                       fedex.com, but it would send people to
                       fedetwitter.com.


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Congress_Decides_To_Give_FBI_Another_Free_Pass
                  On_Section_702_Abuses⠀⇛


                       It looks like we’re headed to several more years of
                       the same old abuse. The House vote on Section 702
                       reauthorization — something postponed several times
                       since EOY2023 due to infighting and out-fighting —
                       has indicated that whatever concerns people might
                       have about warrantless access to US persons’
                       communications can be handled the next time Section
                       702 is up for renewal.


      § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


          o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Justice_Department_Reportedly_Set_to_File
            Live_Nation_Antitrust_Complaint_‘In_the_Coming_Weeks’⠀⇛


                 The better part of two years after reportedly initiating
                 an antitrust investigation into Live Nation, the
                 Department of Justice (DOJ) is reportedly preparing to
                 file a related lawsuit against the Ticketmaster parent
                 “in the coming weeks.” ]


          o § Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ JUVE ☛ R2_Semiconductor_and_defective_chip_maker_Intel_take
                  chip_battle_to_London⠀⇛


                       R2 Semiconductor and defective chip maker Intel are
                       currently engaged in a Europe-wide battle over on-
                       chip voltage regulators, which are features of the
                       latter company’s portfolio of mobile phones,
                       laptops and server-processor chips. Today, the UK
                       High Court in London will commence a two-and-a-
                       half-week trial, with Richard Hacon as presiding
                       judge.


                # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ Mimzi_audio_recording_patents_prior_art
                  found⠀⇛


                       Unified is pleased to announce prior art has been
                       found on three patents owned by Mimzi LLC, an NPE.
                       The patents generally relate to systems for
                       recording audio conversations. The patents have
                       been asserted against Foursquare, TripAdvisor, HTC,
                       Acer, ASUSTek, and Samsung.


                # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ The_Use_of_Mandated_Public
                  Disclosures_of_Clinical_Trials_as_Prior_Art_Against_Study
                  Sponsors⠀⇛


                       Salix Pharms., Ltd. v. Norwich Pharms. Inc., 2024
                       WL 1561195 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 11, 2024)


                       Human clinical trials play an essential role in the
                       discovery, development, and regulatory approval of
                       innovative drugs, and federal law mandates the
                       public disclosure of these trials. Pharmaceutical
                       innovators are voicing concern that these
                       disclosures are increasingly being used as prior
                       art to invalidate patents arising out of, or
                       otherwise relating to, these trials, in a manner
                       that threatens to disincentivize investment in
                       pharmaceutical innovation. A recent Federal Circuit
                       decision, Salix Pharms., Ltd. v. Norwich Pharms.
                       Inc., illustrates the concern.


                # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Proposed_Changes_to_Patent_Law’s
                  Proper_Venue_Statute:_Venue_Equity_and_Non-Uniformity
                  Elimination_Act_of_2024⠀⇛


                       Law school civil procedure courses spend very
                       little time on proper venue because, in most cases
                       venue is proper so long as the district court has
                       personal jurisdiction over the defendant.


          o § Trademarks⠀➾


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Bandai_Namco_Sends_Threat_Letter_To_Modding_Site
                  Over_Supposed_Trademark_Issues⠀⇛


                       Here we go again. There seems to be a thing
                       happening among a select few big name video game
                       publishers that have decided for some reason that
                       they want to go to war with their own modding
                       communities. The reasons for doing so vary, but
                       they all amount to wanting to strictly control the
                       experience gamers have with their products. Which
                       is absolutely silly. Mods only exist because people
                       want them. And they want them because they enhance
                       the gaming experience they have with these games,
                       thereby making them more attractive for purchase
                       and continued play.


                # ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTABlog_Test:_How_Did_These_Three_Recent_2(d)
                  Appeals_Turn_Out?⠀⇛


                       A TTAB judge once said to me that one can predict
                       the outcome of a Section 2(d) appeal 95% of the
                       time just by looking at the marks and the involved
                       goods/services. Here are the three such appeals
                       recently decided by the TTAB. How do you think
                       these three came out? No hints this time. [Answers
                       in first comment.]


                       In_re_Suarez_Industries,_Inc., Serial No. 97602779
                       (April 10, 2024) [not precedential] (Opinion by
                       Judge Michael B. Adlin). [Section 2(d) refusal of
                       EDENPURE for household cleaners in view of the
                       registered mark EDEN'S PURE for body care
                       products.]


          o § Copyrights⠀➾


                # ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ Annie_Besant_and_Charles
                  Leadbeater’s_Occult_Chemistry_(1908)⠀⇛


                       A chemistry treatise that weds the hard sciences
                       with theosophical insight, making a microscope of
                       the psychic mind.


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Taylor_Swift_Album_Release_Machine
                  Goes_Into_Overdrive_with_‘Spotify_Library_Installation’_in
                  LA⠀⇛


                       The Taylor Swift album release machine goes into
                       overdrive this week with a ‘Spotify library
                       installation,’ leading up to the Friday release of
                       her new album, Tortured Poets Department.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3585

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 17/04/2024: SAP, Kwalee, and Take-Two
Layoffs⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sheep_Animalia_Domestic_Sheep⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Education
          o Hardware
    * Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
    * Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
    * Security
          o Privacy/Surveillance
    * Defence/Aggression
    * Environment
          o Energy/Transportation
    * Finance
    * AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
    * Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
    * Monopolies/Monopsonies
          o Patents
          o Copyrights
          o Gemini*_and_Gopher
                # Politics_and_World_Events
                # Technology_and_Free_Software
                      # Internet/Gemini
                      # Programming
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o § Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ McCauley_shares_vision_for_making_education_more
                  accessible⠀⇛


                       In the latest Michigan Minds podcast, Provost
                       Laurie McCauley discusses U-M's vision for making
                       higher education more accessible and affordable, a
                       key part of the university's Vision 2034 effort.


          o § Hardware⠀➾


                # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Samsung_takes_the_lead_as_global_smartphone
                  shipments_rise_in_1Q24 [Ed: So Android will grow faster at
                  Windows' expense]⠀⇛


                       Global smartphone shipments have risen by 7.8%
                       year-on-year in the first three months of 2024 to
                       289.4 million units, the technology analyst firm
                       IDC says.


Samsung rose to the top among vendors, IDC noted, adding that with this being
the third consecutive quarter of growth, it indicated that a recovery in the
market was underway.


    * ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ Commodore_64_claimed_to_outperform_IBM's_quantum
      system_—_sarcastic_researchers_say_1_MHz_computer_is_faster,_more
      efficient,_and_decently_accurate⠀⇛


           A paper released during the SIGBOVIK 2024 conference details an
           attempt to simulate the I.C.B.M. ‘quantum utility’ experiment
           on a Commodore 64. The authors claim the experiment was a
           success.


    * ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Logic_Analyzers:_Decoding_And_Monitoring⠀⇛


           Last time, we looked into using a logic analyzer to decode SPI
           signals of LCD displays, which can help us reuse LCD screens
           from proprietary systems, or port LCD driver code from one
           platform to another! If you are to do that, however, you might
           find a bottleneck – typically, you need to capture a whole
           bunch of data and then go through it, comparing bytes one by
           one, which is quite slow. If you have tinkered with Pulseview,
           you probably have already found an option to export decoded
           data – all you need to do is right-click on the decoder output
           and you’ll be presented with a bunch of options to export it.
           Here’s what you will find:


    * § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


          o ⚓ New Yorker ☛ A_Bipartisan_Effort_to_Carve_out_Exemptions_to
            Texas’s_Abortion_Ban⠀⇛


                 Rare across-the-aisle coöperation in Austin aims to
                 protect the lives of some women who need abortions—and
                 protect their doctors from prosecution.


          o ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ OMB_discards_COVID-19_executive_orders⠀⇛


                 OMB disbands the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force and
                 OPM chimes in on COVID-related time off.


          o ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ White_House-backed_bill_to_preserve
            pandemic_fraud_analytics_tools_introduced_in_House⠀⇛


                 Analytics tools and the expertise developed by federal
                 watchdogs to fight fraud in COVID-19 emergency programs
                 would live on permanently under this bill.


          o ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Feds_can_still_take_administrative_leave
            to_get_COVID-19_booster_shots [Ed: They can participate in more
            experiments that help boost sales (profits) of incredulous
            companies with a patent thicket]⠀⇛


                 The Safer Federal Workforce Task Force is sunsetting, but
                 federal employees can still take four hours of paid
                 administrative leave to get COVID-19 boosters.


    * § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


          o ⚓ Bloomberg ☛ Call_of_Duty_League_Billionaire_Owners_Get_Break_from
            Microsoft⠀⇛


                 Microsoft Corp.’s Activision unit is offering teams
                 competing in its professional Call of Duty League
                 financial relief as the esports industry faces broad
                 challenges generating profit.


          o ⚓ UK_studio_Kwalee_is_making_layoffs_to_create_room_for_new_hires⠀⇛


                 UK studio Kwalee has laid off an undisclosed number of
                 workers. The company confirmed the news to
                 MobileGamer.biz but failed to state how many employees
                 have been let go.


                 "We are reshaping our business and our team to best
                 capture the significant growth opportunities that
                 currently exist in the sector, including hiring for 20
                 new roles," said Kwalee in a statement.


          o ⚓ Bloomberg ☛ ‘Grand_Theft_Auto’_Maker_to_Fire_5%_of_Staff,_Drop
            Some_Projects⠀⇛


                 Take-Two Interactive Software Inc., the company behind
                 the Grand Theft Auto video games, plans to fire 5% its
                 workforce and drop several projects as part of a cost-
                 savings drive.


          o ⚓ SAP_Canada_Layoffs:_Over_100_fired_in_Vancouver,_Montreal⠀⇛


                 Big names, including Netflix, McKinsey & Co, EXL Service,
                 Best Buy, Relic Entertainment, Ubisoft, Intel, Amazon,
                 Telus, Canada Goose, Dell, Unilever, IBM, and TC Energy,
                 have pulled out the axe as they continue to navigate
                 challenging economic conditions.


          o ⚓ Tesla’s_Valuation_Sinks_Below_$500_Billion_as_Global_Layoffs_Add
            to_Woes⠀⇛


                 Shares Tesla Inc have been in decline in 2024. This steep
                 decline has now pushed the electric-vehicle maker’s
                 market valuation below $500 billion.


                 Tesla’s sinking valuation and its recent global layoffs
                 adds to the soured sentiment around the company. The
                 stock has tumbled some 38% this year making Tesla shares
                 the second-biggest decliner on the S&P 500 Index in 2024.


          o ⚓ Take-Two_plans_to_lay_off_5_percent_of_its_employees_by_the_end
            of_2024⠀⇛


                 Last month CEO Strauss Zelnick said, "The hardest thing
                 to do is to lay off colleagues and we have no current
                 plans."


          o ⚓ Take-Two_Interactive_to_Lay_off_5%_of_its_Workforce_and_Cancel
            Projects_to_Save_Costs⠀⇛


                 2024’s brutal wave of games industry layoffs has seen the
                 likes of Microsoft, EA, Sony, Riot Games, Sega, and many
                 others cutting significant amounts of jobs, and another
                 major name has now joined that list with Take-Two
                 Interactive.


          o ⚓ Take-Two_will_lay_off_5%_of_staff,_cancel_games_to_cut_costs⠀⇛


                 Take-Two will reduce its workforce by around 600
                 employees, to save around USD $165 million annually.


          o ⚓ GTA_6_publisher_Take-Two_is_laying_off_hundreds_of_developers_and
            canceling_projects⠀⇛


                 The publisher hasn't said which projects it's canceling


          o ⚓ Venture Beat ☛ Take-Two_lays_off_5%_of_employees,_scraps_in-
            development_games⠀⇛


                 Take-Two Interactive, the publisher behind Grand Theft
                 Auto, is joining the companies laying off employees in
                 2024. According to a filing with the United States
                 Securities and Exchange Commission, the company’s board
                 of directors today approved a cost-reduction plan that
                 would reduce its workforce by 5%. Given the total number
                 of employees at Take-Two, this means that the company
                 would likely layoff around 600 employees.


          o ⚓ Take-Two_Interactive_plans_to_layoff_5%_of_staff_and_cancel
            multiple_projects⠀⇛


                 Take-Two Interactive, which is the owner of Rockstar
                 Games and 2K Games along with being the publisher of game
                 Series such as Grand Theft Auto, Red Dead Redemption, NBA
                 2K and more are planning to fire 5% of its total
                 workforce and cancel multiple projects to save costs.


    * § Security⠀➾


          o § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ Congress_Does_Not_Come_Back_With_a_Warrant⠀⇛


                       Plus: A listener asks the editors for examples of
                       tasks the government does well (yikes).


                # ⚓ Gregory Hammond ☛ Why_There_Are_Many_Alternatives_To
                  Surveillance_Giant_Google_Analytics⠀⇛


                       Google Analytics is very popular, according to
                       Statista it’s the world’s most popular for website
                       analytics, and W3Techs says it’s used on around 55%
                       of all websites.


                # ⚓ EDRI ☛ Open_letter:_EU_Data_Protection_Board_must
                  acknowledge_the_Commission’s_additional_concerns_about
                  ‘Consent_or_Pay’⠀⇛


                       On 15 April, EDRi, noyb, Access Now and 20 consumer
                       and digital rights organisations sent an open
                       letter to the European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
                       ahead of the EDPB’s decision on Meta’s “Pay or
                       Okay” model.


                # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Congressional_privacy_bill_looks_to_rein
                  in_data_brokers⠀⇛


                       Experts say the American Privacy Rights Act is a
                       good first step but that more can be done to
                       protect consumers from the sale of their personal
                       data.


    * § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Bishop_Stabbed_in_Sydney_Church,_2_Days_After
            Deadly_Mall_Attack⠀⇛


                 A 15-year-old boy has been arrested in the attack, in
                 which several people were injured. An official said the
                 episode appeared to have been motivated by religious
                 extremism.


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Was_It_Hatred_of_Women?_Australia_Asks_After
            Stabbing_Rampage.⠀⇛


                 All but three of the 18 people killed or injured Saturday
                 were women. While the attacker’s motive may never be
                 known, many said the episode spoke to a larger problem.


          o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Poland_classifies_attack_on_humanitarian_aid_workers_as
            murder,_demands_Israeli_cooperation_in_investigation⠀⇛


                 The Polish government on Friday labeled the death of
                 Polish aid worker Damian Soból as murder, following the
                 deaths of seven humanitarian aid workers from the World
                 Central Kitchen (WCK) serving in Gaza resulting from
                 airstrikes conducted by the Israel Defense Force (IDF).


          o ⚓ RFA ☛ Junta_shelling,_airstrikes_kill_25_Rohingyas_in_Myanmar’s
            Rakhine_state⠀⇛


                 Fighting between the Arakan Army and the Arakan
                 Resistance Solidarity Army has caused 3,000 to flee.


          o ⚓ NYPost ☛ Abbey_Gate_suicide_bombing_that_killed_13_US_troops_in
            Afghanistan_was_‘not_preventable:’_military_review⠀⇛


                 Marine snipers posted up near Abbey Gate at the Kabul
                 airport did not have an opportunity to take out the
                 suicide bomber responsible for the attack on the airport
                 during the chaotic US withdrawal from Afghanistan, US
                 Central Command determined in a report released Monday,
                 finding that the bombing was “not preventable.” The Biden
                 administration...


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Israel_Weighs_Response_to_Iran’s_Attack_as
            Allies_Push_for_Restraint⠀⇛


                 The Israeli war cabinet met again on Monday to discuss
                 the strike, with some hawkish members of the prime
                 minister’s government calling for a swift and forceful
                 retaliation.


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Iran’s_Strike_on_Israel_Creates_Military
            Uncertainty,_Diplomatic_Opportunity⠀⇛


                 Analysts feared Iran’s strikes might set off a wider war.
                 But with Israel still weighing its response, the attack’s
                 military and diplomatic consequences have yet to be
                 determined.


          o ⚓ YLE ☛ President_Stubb:_Finland_still_working_to_de-escalate
            Israel-Iran_situation⠀⇛


                 "Finland strongly condemns Iran’s strike and emphasises
                 the critical importance of de-escalation in the current
                 tense situation in the Middle East," the Office of the
                 President stated on Monday.


    * § Environment⠀➾


          o ⚓ EDRI ☛ Locating_climate_justice_in_digital_rights_work_at_the_EU
            level⠀⇛


                 A new study commissioned by EDRi acknowledges the
                 complexities and environmental impacts of technological
                 solutions, emphasising the need to bridge climate justice
                 and digital rights. This is particularly relevant as the
                 European Union views sustainability and digitalisation as
                 twin and interconnected pillars.


          o § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_used_car_market_'normalized'_in_2023⠀⇛


                       After increased demand for used cars and a
                       resultant rise in prices during the pandemic, the
                       market stabilized in the second half of last year,
                       according to a release from car loan company Inbank
                       Latvia.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finnish_freight_traffic_declines_in_Q1,_especially
                  rail_cargo⠀⇛


                       Long-distance passenger traffic was hampered by
                       political strikes and winter weather, but commuter
                       traffic increased compared to last year.


    * § Finance⠀➾


          o ⚓ Reuters ☛ Big_banks_led_by_Citi_continue_to_trim_staff_to_cut
            costs⠀⇛


                 U.S. banking giants continued to shed employees in the
                 first quarter, with Citigroup (C.N), opens new tab seeing
                 the biggest drop.


          o ⚓ Business Insider ☛ Tesla_layoffs_have_reportedly_also_hit_its
            international_offices⠀⇛


                 On Sunday night, Tesla CEO Elon Musk said the company
                 planned to cut "more than 10%" of its workforce,
                 according to an internal memo viewed by Business Insider.
                 Workers who'd been laid off in the US were notified that
                 same night via their personal emails that they were
                 terminated, effective immediately, and had been locked
                 out of Tesla's internal systems, several laid-off workers
                 told BI.


          o ⚓ WSWS ☛ Tesla_announces_more_than_14,000_layoffs_as_global_attacks
            on_jobs_mount⠀⇛


                 Many layoffs at Tesla began immediately Monday morning.
                 Business Insider reports that plant workers in Nevada
                 waited in line for two hours to clock in while management
                 weeded out laid-off workers from the crowd. Others were
                 told that if their badges didn’t work that meant they no
                 longer had a job.


          o ⚓ MTV_Hit_By_Layoffs_As_Viacom_Restructuring_Continues⠀⇛


                 The wave of Viacom layoffs has reached MTV. We’ve learned
                 that layoffs are underway at the music network. There is
                 no ballpark headcount yet as I hear the process started
                 yesterday and continues today, with some estimate that as
                 much as 12% of MTV’s staff may be gone by the time this
                 is over at the end of day today. I hear no department is
                 being spared but for now, I hear the New York group has
                 been seriously hit, especially those working on the
                 unscripted side, including longtime staffers. Sister
                 network VH1 also is being hit we hear, with veteran
                 employees in marketing and promotion, design and PR among
                 those impacted by layoffs.


    * § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


          o ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_has_‘bright_future’_after_new
            security_legislation,_Beijing’s_top_official_on_city’s_affairs
            says⠀⇛


                 Hong Kong has a “bright future” after the enactment of a
                 new national security law, Beijing’s top man on the
                 city’s affairs has said, as he hit back at criticism of
                 the law.


          o ⚓ The Kent Stater ☛ ‘You_hold_so_much_power’:_Professionals_discuss
            rights,_free_speech,_protests_on_campus⠀⇛


                 In recognition of the upcoming May 4 commemoration and in
                 response to gun-rights-activist Kyle Rittenhouse coming
                 to campus, professionals discussed the rights, laws,
                 values and responsibilities in regard to campus events.


    * § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


          o ⚓ APNIC ☛ Criteria_for_the_accreditation_of_Regional_Internet
            Registries⠀⇛


                 Guest Post: ICP-2, outlining criteria for new RIRs, was
                 issued in 2001. Despite its ongoing relevance, recent
                 events highlight gaps needing community input.


          o ⚓ Michael Geist ☛ The_Law_Bytes_Podcast,_Episode_199:_Boris
            Bytensky_on_the_Criminal_Code_Reforms_in_the_Online_Harms_Act⠀⇛


                 The Online Harms Act – otherwise known as Bill_C-63 – is
                 really at least three bills in one. The Law Bytes podcast
                 tackled the Internet platform portion of the bill last
                 month in an episode_with_Vivek_Krishnamurthy and then
                 last week Professor Richard Moon joined_to_talk_about_the
                 return_of_Section_13 of the Canada Human Rights Act. Part
                 three may the most controversial: the inclusion of
                 Criminal Code changes that have left even supporters of
                 the bill uncomfortable.


§ Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


    * § Patents⠀➾


          o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Patentee’s_Unclean_Hands⠀⇛


                 The Federal Circuit’s new decision in Luv’N’Care, Ltd.
                 (LNC) v. Laurain and EZPZ, relies on the doctrine of
                 unclean hands to deny relief to the patentee (Laurain and
                 EZPZ), affirming the district court’s judgment.  The
                 appellate panel also vacated and remanded the district
                 court’s finding that LNC failed to prove the asserted
                 patent monopoly is unenforceable due to inequitable
                 conduct during prosecution, as well as its grant of
                 summary judgment one of the asserted patents was invalid
                 as obvious.  U.S. Patent No. 9,462,903. The case here
                 involves bowls/plates attached to a mat to help avoid
                 spills and for easy cleanup. 22-1905.OPINION.4-12-
                 2024_2300689.


          o ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ New_USPTO_Director_Review_Rules⠀⇛


                 The USPTO has published a notice of proposed rulemaking
                 (NPRM) to formalize the process for Director Review of
                 PTAB decisions. These proposed rules come in response to
                 the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Arthrex,
                 Inc., 141 S. Ct. 1970 (2021), which underscored the
                 necessity for the USPTO Director to have the ability to
                 review PTAB decisions to comply with the Appointments
                 Clause of the U.S. Constitution.  Of course, the USPTO
                 has been operating under an interim procedure for
                 Director Review that began soon after Arthrex, but has
                 been updated a couple of times.  The NPRM closely follows
                 the most recent version of the interim rules. [2024-
                 07759]


          o ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ Green_Patents:_encouraging_sustainable
            innovation_in_Brazil [Ed: Greenwashing of patents, i.e. making
            monopolies seem like environmentalism]⠀⇛


                 As of December 1st, 2023, Brazil is leading G20, wherein
                 one of the three priorities to be addressed is tackling
                 climate change, with a focus on energy transition, in
                 addition to promoting sustainable development in its
                 economic, social and environmental dimensions[1].


          o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $4,000_awarded_for_Intellectual_Ventures
            networking_patents_prior_art⠀⇛


                 The patents are owned by Intellectual Ventures LLC, an
                 NPE, and have been asserted against JP_Morgan_Chase.


                 We would also like to thank the dozens of other high-
                 quality submissions that were made on these patents. The
                 ongoing contests are open to anyone, and include tens of
                 thousands of dollars in rewards available for helping the
                 industry to challenge NPE patents of questionable
                 validity by finding and submitting prior art in the
                 contests.


          o ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ InfoGation_navigation_patent_monopoly_challenge
            instituted⠀⇛


                 On April 11, 2024, six weeks after Unified filed_an_ex
                 parte_reexamination, the Central Reexamination Unit (CRU)
                 granted Unified’s request, finding substantial new
                 questions of patentability on the challenged claims of
                 U.S._Patent_8,406,994, owned and asserted by InfoGation
                 Corporation, an NPE. The '994 patent monopoly is
                 generally directed to displaying maps on GPS receivers.


          o ⚓ JUVE ☛ Biogen_defends_adalimumab_biosimilar_Imraldi_with
            international_team⠀⇛


                 The Regional Court Düsseldorf has found in favour of
                 defendant Biogen, after Fresenius Kabi filed a suit for
                 the US biotechnology company’s alleged infringement of EP
                 3 145 488 B1 (case no. 4a O 70/22) for a ‘liquid
                 pharmaceutical composition’.


          o § Software Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $2,000_awarded_for_Vilox_search_engine
                  patent_monopoly_prior_art⠀⇛


                       Unified is pleased to announce PATROLL
                       crowdsourcing contest winners, Dinesh Swami and
                       Ekta Aswal, who split a $2,000 award for their
                       prior art submissions on U.S._Patent_6,760,720,
                       owned by Vilox Technologies LLC, a Texas-based NPE
                       managed by inventor Joseph De Bellis. The ‘720
                       patent monopoly relates to a method and system for
                       a dynamic search engine that facilitates search-on-
                       the-fly/sort-on-the-fly capabilities. The invention
                       is about enhancing search and data display
                       techniques, particularly on various devices
                       including handhelds, phones, GPS devices, and
                       computers.


    * § Copyrights⠀➾


          o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Taylor_Swift_Caught_UMG_Execs_by_Surprise
            With_Fentanylware_(TikTok)_Move—And_Refused_to_Reconsider⠀⇛


                 The Taylor Swift album marketing machine stops for no
                 one—not even Universal Music execs. A new report details
                 how Swifties on Fentanylware (TikTok) got their music
                 back, thanks to Taylor, regardless of the implcations for
                 other artists. Universal Music Group pulled all of its
                 music from Fentanylware (TikTok) in January over a
                 dispute in royalty payments earned. ]


    * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾


          o § Politics and World Events⠀➾


                # ⚓ Movies_about_daesh⠀⇛


                       The so-called islamic state (perjoratively called
                       da'esh) started as a band of criminals in the
                       lawless vacuum my country produced in Iraq. They
                       got enormous funding, recruits, and arms from Gulf
                       monarchies, Turkey, my country, and the UK to aim
                       their hideousness at their benefactors' official
                       enemies: Syrian government, Kurds, etc.


          o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾


                # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Asynchronous_offline_and_distributed_gemini_content,
                        by_email.⠀⇛


                             𝕳aving recently discovered the 𝘎𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪
                             protocol, I am still exploring and
                             discovering new and interesting things. It is
                             an exiting trip that made me realize a few
                             things about the state of the internet, and
                             my relationship with it. Although I always
                             despised the commercialization of the
                             internet, and was looking for an alternative
                             way, 𝘎𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪 and 𝘎𝘰𝘱𝘩𝘦𝘳 seemed to me, too
                             niche to be relevant.


                # § Programming⠀➾


                      # ⚓ History_in_shell_programs⠀⇛


                             Yes, I've mostly disabled the shell history.
                             If it's important, it needs to be in a
                             script, Makefile, or documentation. Or
                             possibly all of the above. (In a work
                             environment I would maintain a very detailed
                             history, probably in ZSH, as there will be
                             questions about who did what when when
                             multiple sysadmins are involved with multiple
                             systems. But that's a different story.)


===============================================================================
* Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4319

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 17/04/2024: TikTok Killing Youth,
More Layoff Rounds⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Apr 17, 2024


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇TikTok_Monetization⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Science
          o Education
          o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
          o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)
          o Security
                # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
          o Privacy/Surveillance
          o Confidentiality
    * Defence/Aggression
    * Environment
          o Energy/Transportation
          o Overpopulation
    * Finance
    * AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
          o Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda
    * Censorship/Free_Speech
    * Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
    * Civil_Rights/Policing
    * Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
    * Monopolies/Monopsonies
          o Patents
                # Software_Patents
          o Copyrights
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Manuel Moreale ☛ A_comment_on_comments⠀⇛


                 Setting up your server to send a webmention is an extra
                 bonus point but I don’t consider that to be necessary.
                 That’s the ideal commenting setup in my opinion but I’m
                 sure some of you out there disagree.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ Wired ☛ They_Experimented_on_Themselves_in_Secret._What
                  They_Discovered_Helped_Win_a_War⠀⇛


                       In my field of dive research, there’s one story
                       from eight decades ago that blows the rest of us
                       out of the water. It concerns a group of scientists
                       who conducted a series of tests on themselves so
                       extreme, so dangerous, and so key to the outcome of
                       the Second World War that it got buried under
                       classification markings for generations. This
                       groundbreaking research was so secret, in fact,
                       that professionals in my field will learn about it
                       here for the first time.


                # ⚓ NASA ☛ Engineers_Pinpoint_Cause_of_Voyager_1_Issue,_Are
                  Working_on_Solution_–_Voyager⠀⇛


                       The team suspects that a single chip responsible
                       for storing part of the affected portion of the FDS
                       memory isn’t working. Engineers can’t determine
                       with certainty what caused the issue. Two
                       possibilities are that the chip could have been hit
                       by an energetic particle from space or that it
                       simply may have worn out after 46 years.


                # ⚓ Space ☛ We_finally_know_why_NASA's_Voyager_1_spacecraft
                  stopped_communicating_—_scientists_are_working_on_a_fix⠀⇛


                       Voyager 1 currently sits around 15 billion miles
                       (24 billion kilometers) from Earth, which means it
                       takes 22.5 hours to receive a radio signal from it
                       — and another 22.5 hours for the spacecraft to
                       receive a response via the Deep Space Network's
                       antennas. Solving this communication issue is thus
                       no mean feat.


                       Yet, NASA scientists and engineers are optimistic
                       they can find a way to help FDS operate normally,
                       even without the unusable memory hardware.


          o § Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ Robin Rendle ☛ Longboarding⠀⇛


                       I zipped through Better Onboarding by Krystal
                       Higgins a few weeks ago and, in my mind, it’s a
                       classic that should be required reading for anyone
                       who makes software. I am serious! It is very good!
                       I can’t remember the last time a book about my job
                       has been so obviously good and un-put-downable and
                       almost infinitely quotable.


                       The book goes against convention when it comes to
                       onboarding and how us designers should approach it.
                       That’s exciting to me because I’m on an onboarding
                       team at Retool where my job is to make sure that
                       new or potential customers can build complex web
                       apps. So I’ve been thinking a lot about onboarding
                       over the past few months.


          o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ What_is_Chroming,_the_dangerous_viral
                  TikTok_trend_claiming_kids'_lives?⠀⇛


                       In simple words, the chroming challenge requires
                       inhaling toxic fumes. The breakout social media
                       frenzy has seen many teenagers sniffing aerosol
                       cans, detergent, paint thinner and other such
                       solvents. The intoxicating practice temporarily
                       uplifts the partakers' spirits, offering a brief
                       and instant high. Teenagers or young adult
                       participants in their early 20s have largely
                       undertaken the growing trend.


                # ⚓ CTV News ☛ What_is_the_TikTok_'chroming'_trend?_|_CTV
                  News⠀⇛


                       Tommie-Lee Gracie Billington, suffered a suspected
                       cardiac arrest on Saturday after taking part in
                       what TikTok users call “chroming," his family told
                       local media.


                       Chroming, also known as "huffing," is the act of
                       inhaling the fumes of household chemicals such as
                       nail polish remover, hairspray, aerosol deodorant
                       or permanent markers.


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ New_U-M_study_explores_video_game
                  addiction_rates⠀⇛


                       Previous research on the addiction rate of video
                       games has focused on individual representations of
                       addiction through surveys and questionnaires.
                       Rather than looking at just time played as a key
                       indicator for addiction, Manchanda and Branco
                       explored the rates of consumption — whether playing
                       video games makes a person play even more.


                # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Britain’s_PM_Sunak_tries_to_ban_youth_smoking
                  in_bipartisan_bill⠀⇛


                       The bill, a key policy announced by Conservative
                       Prime Minister Rishi Sunak last year, will make it
                       illegal to sell tobacco products to anyone born
                       after January 1, 2009. It has the support of the
                       opposition Labour Party and is expected to pass.
                       But Mr. Sunak faces rebellion from more
                       libertarian-minded members of his party, who
                       criticized the proposals as “unconservative.”


          o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


                # ⚓ David Rosenthal ☛ Elon_Musk:_Threat_or_Menace_Part_4⠀⇛


                       So that's all there is to Autopilot. No radar, no
                       lidar, no GPS, no map, no geofencing, no proper
                       driver monitoring. It just uses the camera to
                       follow the lines. It doesn't disengage if it can't
                       see the lines, it just keeps going. So much for
                       Tesla's vaunted AI capabilities! I wonder how much
                       more you get for the $15K extra you pay for Fake
                       Self Driving?


                # ⚓ Jamie Zawinski ☛ Fucking_Apple⠀⇛


                       Apple Mail likes to keep our relationship spicy
                       with little surprises like this: [...]


                # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Apple_CEO_Says_Company_Is
                  'Looking_At'_Manufacturing_in_Indonesia⠀⇛


                       Widodo’s administration has worked for years to
                       bring manufacturing to the country to power
                       economic development, while Apple is seeking to
                       diversify its supply chains away from China, where
                       most of its smartphones and tablets are assembled.


                       The company began moving some production to
                       countries like Vietnam, and more recently India,
                       after shutdowns to fight COVID-19 in China
                       repeatedly disrupted the company’s shipments.


                # ⚓ Mike Rockwell ☛ The_Magic_Is_Gone⠀⇛


                       Today, though, I can’t remember the last time I
                       even went to an Apple Store. It was probably before
                       2020 and it was more than likely because I actually
                       needed to go there for something. The last time I
                       made a point to go to the Apple Store just to
                       browse was probably a year or two prior.


                       The magic of Apple’s retail stores is gone.


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Study:_Alphabetical_order_of
                  surnames_may_affect_grading⠀⇛


                       An analysis by University of Michigan researchers
                       of more than 30 million grading records from U-
                       M finds students with alphabetically lower-ranked
                       names receive lower grades. This is due to
                       sequential grading biases and the default order of
                       students’ submissions in Canvas — the most widely
                       used online learning management system — which is
                       based on alphabetical rank of their surnames.


                # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Making_sexually_explicit_'deep_fakes'_to
                  become_illegal⠀⇛


                       Making a sexually explicit “deep fake” image is to
                       become a new criminal offence with offenders facing
                       unlimited fines.


                       The Ministry of Justice (MoJ) is to introduce an
                       amendment to the Criminal Justice Bill so that
                       anyone who makes such an image - even if they have
                       no intent to share it - will be prosecuted and, if
                       convicted, have a criminal record.


                # ⚓ Metro UK ☛ GTA_owner_lays_off_550+_employees_after_making
                  $2.2_billion_profit_last_year⠀⇛


                       The industry wide spate of mass redundancies
                       continues, with Rockstar Games owner Take-Two
                       saying that they’ve cancelled several games.


                       At this point, almost every Western video game
                       publisher has announced massive layoffs of staff,
                       from Microsoft and Sony to EA and Embracer Group,
                       but for a moment it did seem as if Rockstar Games
                       owner Take-Two Interactive would buck the trend.
                       But unfortunately that’s not the case.


                # ⚓ Ziff Davis ☛ Tesla_Plans_To_Lay_off_Over_10%_of_Its_Global
                  Workforce⠀⇛


                       In his internal memo to Tesla’s employees, the
                       company’s CEO, Elon Musk, said that the company had
                       conducted a thorough review of the organization and
                       had decided to reduce the global headcount by over
                       10%, which means at least 14,000 employees.


          o § Security⠀➾


                # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Krebs On Security ☛ Who_Stole_3.6M_Tax_Records_from
                        South_Carolina?⠀⇛


                             For nearly a dozen years, residents of South
                             Carolina have been kept in the dark by state
                             and federal investigators over who was
                             responsible for hacking into the state's
                             revenue department in 2012 and stealing tax
                             and bank account information for 3.6 million
                             people. The answer may no longer be a
                             mystery: KrebsOnSecurity found compelling
                             clues suggesting the intrusion was carried
                             out by the same Russian hacking crew that
                             stole of millions of payment card records
                             from big box retailers like Home Depot and
                             Target in the years that followed.


          o § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                # ⚓ EFF ☛ Americans_Deserve_More_Than_the_Current_American
                  Privacy_Rights_Act⠀⇛


                       In general, the APRA would require companies to
                       minimize their processing of personal data to what
                       is necessary, proportionate, and limited to certain
                       enumerated purposes. It would specifically require
                       opt-in consent for the transfer of sensitive data,
                       and most processing of biometric and genetic data.
                       It would also give consumers the right to access,
                       correct, delete, and export their data. And it
                       would allow consumers to universally opt-out of the
                       collection of their personal data from brokers,
                       using a registry maintained by the Federal Trade
                       Commission. We welcome many of these privacy
                       protections. Below are a few of our top priorities
                       to correct and strengthen the APRA bill.


                       The APRA should not preempt existing and future
                       state data privacy laws that are stronger than the
                       current bill. The ability to pass stronger bills at
                       the state and local level is an important tool in
                       the fight for data privacy. We ask that Congress
                       not compromise our privacy rights by undercutting
                       the very state-level action that spurred this
                       compromise federal data privacy bill in the first
                       place.


                       Subject to exceptions, the APRA says that no state
                       may “adopt, maintain, enforce, or continue in
                       effect” any state-level privacy requirement
                       addressed by the new bill. APRA would allow many
                       state sectoral privacy laws to remain, but it would
                       still preempt protections for biometric data,
                       location data, online ad tracking signals, and
                       maybe even privacy protections in state
                       constitutions or some other limits on what private
                       companies can share with the government. At the
                       federal level, the APRA would also wrongly preempt
                       many parts of the federal Communications Act,
                       including provisions that limit a telephone
                       company’s use, disclosure, and access to customer
                       proprietary network information, including location
                       information.


                # ⚓ Site36 ☛ Facial_recognition_from_parked_vehicles:_Professor
                  questions_legal_basis_of_dragnet_searches_by_German_police⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Site36 ☛ Frontex_Director_calls_for_“gender-sensitive
                  borders”_and_now_explains_the_concept⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Internet_Child_Safety_Laws_Will_Lead_To_Helpful
                  Sites_Being_Blocked;_Just_Look_At_Schools⠀⇛


                       Various states and the federal government are
                       proposing and passing a wide variety of “kid
                       safety” laws. Almost all of them pretend that
                       they’re about conduct of social media sites and not
                       about the content on them, but when you boil down
                       what the underlying concerns are, they all end up
                       actually being about the content.


                # ⚓ The Hill ☛ Intelligence_community_largely_won_House_FISA
                  fight._Now_comes_the_Senate⠀⇛


                       In a nail-biter of a Friday vote, the House
                       declined to approve an amendment spearheaded by the
                       House Judiciary Committee that would require law
                       enforcement to get a warrant before looking at
                       Americans’ data collected under Section 702 of the
                       Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA).


                       At the same time, they approved a suite of
                       amendments from an earlier House Intelligence bill
                       dealing with Section 702 of FISA, including
                       allowing its use for anyone entering the country as
                       well as another provision requiring a greater
                       number of electronic service providers to aid the
                       government in surveilling foreigners.


                # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ New_EU_cybersecurity_rules_push_carmakers
                  to_shun_old_models⠀⇛


                       The European Union now wants to put the brakes on
                       the growing security threats connected with modern
                       car technology, especially in electric vehicles
                       (EVs). The electronic equipment in cars not only
                       serves the convenience of their drivers and
                       contributes to road safety, but also allows cars
                       and their users to be increasingly monitored.


                       The United Nations and the European Union have
                       recognized this and responded with UN regulations
                       R155 and R156, which address cybersecurity threats
                       from software updates in cars. The new rules impose
                       higher requirements on car companies and their
                       suppliers and will be implemented in the EU
                       starting July 7.


                # ⚓ EFF ☛ How_Political_Campaigns_Use_Your_Data_to_Target_You⠀⇛


                       Political campaigns use the same invasive tricks
                       that behavioral ads do—pulling in data from a
                       variety of sources online to create a profile—so
                       they can target you. Your digital trail is a
                       critical tool for campaigns, but the process starts
                       in the real world, where longstanding techniques to
                       collect data about you can be useful indicators of
                       how you'll vote. This starts with voter records.


                       Politicians have long had access to public data,
                       like voter registration, party registration,
                       address, and participation information (whether or
                       not a voter voted, not who they voted for). Online
                       access to such records has made them easier to get
                       in some states, with unintended consequences, like
                       doxing.


                       Campaigns can purchase this voter information from
                       most states. These records provide a rough idea of
                       whether that person will vote or not, and—if
                       they're registered to a particular party—who they
                       might lean toward voting for. Campaigns use this to
                       put every voter into broad categories, like
                       "supporter," "non-supporter," or "undecided."
                       Campaigns gather such information at in-person
                       events, too, like door-knocking and rallies, where
                       you might sign up for emails or phone calls.


          o § Confidentiality⠀➾


                # ⚓ Cryptography Engineering ☛ A_quick_post_on_Chen’s_algorithm
                  –_A_Few_Thoughts_on_Cryptographic_Engineering⠀⇛


                       If you’re a normal person — that is, a person who
                       doesn’t obsessively follow the latest cryptography
                       news — you probably missed last week’s cryptography
                       bombshell. That news comes in the form of a new e-
                       print authored by Yilei Chen, “Quantum Algorithms
                       for Lattice Problems“, which has roiled the
                       cryptography research community. The result is now
                       being evaluated by experts in lattices and quantum
                       algorithm design (and to be clear, I am not one!)
                       but if it holds up, it’s going to be quite a bad
                       day/week/month/year for the applied cryptography
                       community.


                       Rather than elaborate at length, here’s quick set
                       of five bullet-points giving the background.


    * § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


          o ⚓ MI5 ☛ Response_to_Manchester_Arena_Inquiry_report⠀⇛


                 MI5 exists to stop atrocities. To all those whose lives
                 were forever changed on that awful night: I am so sorry
                 that MI5 did not prevent the attack at the Manchester
                 Arena.


          o ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Manchester_Arena_attack_survivors_and_relatives
            take_legal_action_against_MI5⠀⇛


                 More than 250 people have joined the group action against
                 MI5 and have submitted their claim to the investigatory
                 powers tribunal, which hears complaints against the
                 intelligence services.


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Families_of_Manchester_Bombing_Victims_File
            Lawsuit_Against_MI5⠀⇛


                 It appears to be the first time MI5 has been sued for its
                 failure to prevent a terror attack, a maneuver that is
                 sure to be legally and bureaucratically complicated
                 should the tribunal accept the case.


          o ⚓ France24 ☛ Hundreds_of_Manchester_Arena_attack_survivors_file
            lawsuit_against_MI5⠀⇛


                 Inspired by the Islamic State group, he used a homemade
                 shrapnel bomb to target crowds of mostly young people who
                 had been attending the concert by the US pop star, as
                 well as parents who had come to pick up their children.


                 The IPT is an independent body that investigates
                 complaints from people who believe they have been a
                 victim of unlawful action by a public authority using
                 covert investigative techniques and those targeting the
                 intelligence services.


          o ⚓ Air Force Times ☛ ‘The_flak_can’t_always_miss._Somebody’s_gotta’
            die’⠀⇛


                 The airmen would be woken up at 3:00 a.m. for breakfast —
                 fresh eggs on mission mornings, “combat eggs,” instead of
                 powdered “square eggs.” Some men didn’t eat a thing, and
                 others ate like it was their last meal. “You could hear a
                 pin drop,” a crewman remembered. “You had a 50 percent
                 chance of returning. You don’t want to think about it,
                 but it’s there.”


          o ⚓ Poynter Institute ☛ Trump_didn’t_violate_Logan_Act_with_reshare
            of_old_Iran_social_media_post,_experts_say⠀⇛


                 The Logan Act says that a U.S. citizen "without authority
                 of the United States" can be fined or imprisoned for up
                 to three years for "directly or indirectly" corresponding
                 with a foreign government to influence "any disputes or
                 controversies with the United States."


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Far_Right’s_Ties_to_Russia_Sow_Rising_Alarm_in
            Germany⠀⇛


                 In the past few months alone, a leading AfD politician
                 was accused of taking money from pro-Kremlin strategists.
                 One of the party’s parliamentary aides was exposed as
                 having links to a Russian intelligence operative. And
                 some of its state lawmakers flew to Moscow to observe
                 Russia’s stage-managed elections.


                 “To know with certainty that sitting there, while these
                 sensitive issues are discussed, are lawmakers with proven
                 connections to Moscow — it doesn’t just make me
                 uncomfortable. It worries me,” said Erhard Grundl, a
                 Green party member of the Parliament’s foreign affairs
                 committee.


          o ⚓ The Independent UK ☛ Ruling_over_prayer_rituals_ban_‘victory_for
            all_schools’,_headteacher_says⠀⇛


                 In a judgment on Tuesday, a judge concluded the ban did
                 not interfere with the student’s rights and was
                 “proportionate” amid the school’s aim to promote an ethos
                 of inclusivity and social cohesion.


          o ⚓ The Independent UK ☛ Muslim_student_loses_challenge_against
            prayer_ritual_ban_at_‘Britain’s_strictest_school’⠀⇛


                 But in a written ruling on Tuesday, Mr Justice Linden
                 dismissed the pupil’s arguments and backed the school,
                 which had argued its policy was justified after it faced
                 death and bomb threats linked to religious observance on
                 site.


                 Ms Birbalsingh, a former government social mobility tsar
                 who co-founded the school with former home secretary
                 Suella Braverman, said: “A school should be free to do
                 what is right for the pupils it serves. The court’s
                 decision is therefore a victory for all schools.


                 “Schools should not be forced by one child and her mother
                 to change its approach simply because they have decided
                 they don’t like something at the school.”


          o ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ US_and_Asia_allies_push_for_new_panel_to
            monitor_North_Korea_sanctions⠀⇛


                 SEOUL - The U.S., South Korea and Japan are pushing for a
                 new multi-national panel of experts, possibly outside the
                 U.N., to ensure sanctions enforcement against North Korea
                 after Russia and China thwarted monitoring activities at
                 the world body, three sources said on Wednesday.


          o ⚓ RFERL ☛ Poland_Deports_Tajik_Citizen_With_Links_To_Islamic
            State⠀⇛


                 A Tajik citizen has been deported from Poland on
                 suspicion of "terrorist activities" and links to the
                 Islamic State group that claimed responsibility for a
                 deadly attack at a concert hall outside Moscow last
                 month.


          o § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Blinken_to_raise_US_concerns_over
                  China’s_support_for_Russia’s_defence_industrial_base_during
                  visit⠀⇛


                       US officials said Mr Blinken would travel to China
                       in the coming weeks.


                # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia’s_Health_Ministry_introduces_bill_allowing
                  law_enforcement_access_to_medical_records_of_‘socially
                  dangerous’_patients_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Business_as_usual’:_How_some_E.U._companies_are
                  sending_Russia_parts_for_warships,_sanctions_be_damned_—
                  Meduza⠀⇛


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Canada_imposes_additional_sanctions_on_Belarus
                  officials_over_ongoing_human_rights_violations⠀⇛


                       Canada announced on Monday that it would impose
                       additional sanctions on 21 Belarus officials under
                       the Special Economic Measures (Belarus)
                       Regulations.


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Western_fear_of_escalation_will_hand
                  Putin_an_historic_victory_in_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       The West's self-defeating fear of escalation has
                       allowed Russia to regain the initiative in Ukraine
                       and is now threatening to hand Putin an historic
                       victory, writes Mykola Bielieskov.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Russia_but_not_Putin_invited_to_French_D-Day
                  anniversary,_say_organisers⠀⇛


                       Russia but not President Vladimir Putin will be
                       invited to the French ceremony in June to mark 80
                       years since the D-Day landings during World War II,
                       organisers said Tuesday.


                # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ James_Stavridis:_Putin’s_new
                  front_in_the_Ukraine_war_is_in_the_Balkans⠀⇛


                       He knows that if NATO member states are dragged
                       back into policing a restive Balkans, they will be
                       distracted from their focus on supporting Ukraine.


                # ⚓ European Commission ☛ Address_by_Commissioner_Lenarčič_at
                  the_3rd_Senior_Officials_Meeting_for_the_people_of_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       No far away from here is the Emergency Response
                       Coordination Centre...


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvia-led_drone_coalition_ready_to_start
                  deliveries_to_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       There are already 14 countries in the 'drone
                       coalition' founded by Latvia, and after a decision
                       made by the government April 16 Latvia will send
                       the first significant cargo of drones to Ukraine,
                       Prime Minister Evika Siliņa (New Unity) told the
                       media after a cabinet meeting Tuesday.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Around_4,000_Ukrainians_studying_in_Latvia⠀⇛


                       The latest Central Statistical Bureau (CSB)
                       estimate published April 16 shows that around
                       4,000 Ukrainian citizens with temporary protection
                       status in Latvia were registered with Latvian
                       education institutions on 1 January 2024.


                # ⚓ AntiWar ☛ The_War_in_Ukraine_and_Judeo-Christian_Values⠀⇛


                       Mixing religion with politics is generally not a
                       good idea. Still, it looks like it is one of the
                       few remaining options to avoid what then-Senator
                       Sam Nunn and his colleagues  described in 2020 as
                       continuing to sleepwalk towards a nuclear WWIII.


                # ⚓ Reason ☛ Massie's_Move_To_Fire_Speaker_Mike_Johnson_Is
                  About_More_Than_Ukraine_Spending⠀⇛


                       It's a test of the unofficial coalition that's
                       effectively ruling the House right now.


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ukrainian_nuclear_energy_can_fuel
                  country’s_recovery_and_power_Europe⠀⇛


                       Ukraine's nuclear energy industry could help fuel
                       the country’s reconstruction and power Europe’s
                       energy transition, writes Suriya Evans-Pritchard
                       Jayanti.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Ukraine_identifies_37,000_people_as_missing,
                  warns_the_figure_may_be_'much_higher'⠀⇛


                       Ukraine said Tuesday it had identified almost
                       37,000 people, including military personnel, who
                       are unaccounted for since Russia's invasion began
                       in February 2022, warning the actual figure may be
                       "much higher".


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Countries_In_Czech-Led_Initiative_Pledge_Enough_To
                  Buy_500,000_Shells_For_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala said on April 16
                       that 20 countries had pledged enough money to buy
                       500,000 artillery shells under the Czech Republic's
                       international fundraising drive to buy badly needed
                       ammunition for the Ukrainian Army.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Explosions_Reported_At_Military_Airfield_In
                  Russian-Occupied_Crimea⠀⇛


                       A series of explosions rang out overnight in the
                       area of the military airfield in the city of
                       Dzhankoy in the north of Ukraine's Russian-occupied
                       Crimea region.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Facing_Republican_Revolt,_House_Speaker_Pushes
                  Ahead_On_U.S._Aid_For_Ukraine,_Other_Allies⠀⇛


                       House Speaker Mike Johnson (Republican-Louisiana)
                       pushed back on April 16 against mounting anger
                       within his own party over proposed U.S. security
                       aid for Ukraine, Israel, and other allies, and
                       rejected a call to step aside or risk a vote to
                       oust him from office.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.S._To_Hit_Iran_With_New_Sanctions,_Yellen_Says;
                  U.S._Looking_To_Use_Russian_Assets_For_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen on April 16
                       warned that the United States intends to hit Iran
                       with new sanctions over its unprecedented attack on
                       Israel, and these actions could seek to reduce
                       Iran's capacity to export oil.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Fire_At_Zoo_In_Russian-Occupied_Crimea_Leaves_More
                  Than_200_Animals_Dead⠀⇛


                       More than 200 animals died on April 16 in a fire at
                       a zoo in Yevpatoria in Russian-occupied Crimea.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Official_Estimates_37,000_People_Missing
                  Since_February_2022⠀⇛


                       Ukraine said on April 16 it had identified almost
                       37,000 people who have not been accounted for since
                       Russia launched its full-scale invasion in February
                       2022.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Scholz_Urges_China_To_Use_'Influence'_On_Russia_To
                  End_Ukraine_War⠀⇛


                       German Chancellor Olaf Scholz says he urged Chinese
                       President Pooh-tin Jinping to press Russia to end
                       its "senseless" war in Ukraine during a visit to
                       Beijing on April 16.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Zelenskiy_Signs_New_Law_On_Military_Mobilization_In
                  Ukraine⠀⇛


                       Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy on April 16
                       signed into law legislation on mobilization is
                       expected to address a shortfall in troops that by
                       requiring men to update their draft data with the
                       authorities.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukrainian_Nuclear_Plant_'Dangerously_Close'_To
                  Accident,_Atomic_Watchdog_Chief_Warns⠀⇛


                       Recent drone attacks on the Zaporizhzhya nuclear
                       power plant in Ukraine have raised the risk of a
                       nuclear accident to a new level, the head of the UN
                       nuclear watchdog agency warned on April 15, calling
                       on the UN Security Council to do everything in its
                       power to minimize the risk.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ John_Bolton_Says_Growing_U.S._Isolationism
                  Threatens_Ukraine's_War_Effort⠀⇛


                       Ukraine faces "danger" if the United States does
                       not quickly pass much-needed military aid, former
                       U.S. national-security adviser John Bolton told
                       Current Time, as Russia's advantages in troops and
                       weaponry help the Kremlin edge deeper into its
                       neighbor more than two years into the war.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Radar_Destroyed_By_Ukranian_Drones,_Says
                  Kyiv⠀⇛


                       Drones belonging to the Security Service of Ukraine
                       (SBU) have destroyed a military radar installation
                       in Russia's Bryansk region, according to an SBU
                       source, in what would be another blow to Russia's
                       ability to monitor activities deep inside Ukraine.


                # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Trump_to_meet_with_Polish
                  president_Duda_as_NATO_leaders_call_for_additional_support
                  for_Ukraine⠀⇛


                       Presumptive Republican presidential nominee Donald
                       Trump is scheduled to meet with Polish President
                       Andrzej Duda on Wednesday in New York.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Johnson’s_Plan_for_Ukraine_Aid_Meets
                  Republican_Pushback,_Muddying_Its_Path⠀⇛


                       The Republican speaker’s strategy for moving
                       foreign aid measures for Israel and Ukraine through
                       the House has outraged many in his own party,
                       increasing calls for his ouster.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ In_Ukraine_With_Soldiers_From_the
                  International_Legion⠀⇛


                       Our photographer spent four days at a remote
                       Ukrainian trench outpost manned by soldiers who
                       signed up from abroad.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Ukraine’s_Big_Vulnerabilities:_Ammunition,
                  Soldiers_and_Air_Defense⠀⇛


                       The shortages add up to a dire situation for
                       Ukraine in the third year of the war, presenting
                       commanders with near impossible choices on how to
                       deploy limited resources.


                # ⚓ ADF ☛ Russia_Uses_Grain_Shipments_to_Exert_Influence_on
                  African_Nations⠀⇛


                       The Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022
                       disrupted grain shipments to countries across
                       Africa. In response, Russia has begun shipping free
                       grain to six African countries, but those shipments
                       come with strings attached. According to Zimbabwean
                       economist Godfrey Kanyenze, Russia is exploiting
                       the suffering of African citizens for its own
                       benefit.


                # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Frontline_fractures_Ukraine’s_use_of_drones_to
                  compensate_for_critical_ammo_shortage_isn’t_enough_to_stop
                  Russia’s_creeping_advance_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Police_raid_Latvian_border_area_to_prevent_illegal
                  TV_distribution⠀⇛


                       The State Police regularly go on raids to
                       guesthouses and public institutions in the border
                       area to check contracts with TV providers and
                       assess the range of available TV channels. This is
                       done to prevent the broadcasting of Russian TV in
                       the territory of Latvia. One such raid took place
                       Monday in Krāslava, Latgale regional television
                       reported.


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ignac_interviewed_by_Al_Jazeera_on_the
                  Russian_influence_in_the_Western_Balkans⠀⇛


                       On April 10, Transatlantic Security Initiative
                       assistant director Luka Ignac was interviewed by Al
                       Jazeera on the Russian influence on the security
                       situation in the Western Balkans (source in
                       Croatian).


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Organizer_Of_'Nearly_Naked'_Party_Charged_With
                  Discrediting_Russia's_Armed_Forces⠀⇛


                       The organizer of the so-called "Nearly Naked"
                       party, Russian blogger Anastasia Ivleyeva, has been
                       charged with discrediting Russia's armed forces and
                       will face a hearing on April 25 at Moscow's Tver
                       district court..


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ More_Evacuations_Ordered_in_Russia_Amid_'Colossal'
                  Flooding⠀⇛


                       Russian officials continued to order the evacuation
                       of areas in Siberia and parts of the south as
                       massive floods sparked by heavy rains and a rapid
                       snowmelt show few signs of letting up.


    * § Environment⠀➾


          o ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Students_turn_fallen_campus_trees_into
            public_tables⠀⇛


                 “We are using dead, dying trees or trees that had to be
                 removed for development. I have partnered with Grounds
                 and Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum to
                 write a grant for a campus-based sawmill to be located on
                 North Campus. I hope this will be funded and open many
                 new opportunities for sustainable wood products coming
                 from campus and serving our campus.”


          o ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ Red_state_coal_towns_still_power_the_West
            Coast._We_can't_just_let_them_die⠀⇛


                 Hedges and her fellow Montana environmentalists were
                 happy when Oregon and Washington passed laws requiring
                 100% clean energy in the next two decades. But they’re
                 furious that electric utilities in those states are
                 planning to stick with coal for as long as the laws
                 allow, and in some cases making deals to give away their
                 Colstrip shares to co-owners who seem determined to keep
                 the plant running long into the future.


                 “Coal is not dead yet,” Hedges says. “It’s still alive
                 and well.”


                 That’s an uncomfortable reality for West Coasters
                 critical of red-state environmental policies but not in
                 the habit of urging their politicians to work across
                 state lines to change them — especially when doing so
                 might involve compromise with Republicans.


          o § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ ‘Hard-Right’_NatCon_Event_Was_Organised_by_Oil
                  Funded_Group⠀⇛


                       A gathering of “Europe’s hard-right elite” held in
                       Brussels today was organised by a fossil fuel
                       funded think tank, DeSmog can reveal. 


                       The National Conservatism (NatCon) conference was
                       mired in controversy after the mayor of Brussels
                       ordered police to shut down the event, leading to a
                       standoff with its organisers. 


          o § Overpopulation⠀➾


                # ⚓ Kansas Reflector ☛ If_we're_to_save_the_Ogallala_for_future
                  Kansans,_current_Kansans_need_to_act_right_away⠀⇛


                       The difficult reality is that continuing the status
                       quo regarding use of the Ogallala is unsustainable.


                       There cannot be any doubt about that. When a large
                       portion of the economy at local and state levels is
                       built on premises that no longer mesh with reality,
                       there are really only two types of solution. First,
                       it can be top down, where change is imposed by
                       higher levels of government. Second, it can come
                       from a combination of local and state input. In
                       other words, a collaborative effort. Even though
                       someone living in Lawrence might think that what
                       happens in Tribune does not have any impact, the
                       reality is that it does. The entire state of Kansas
                       will suffer if the Ogallala continues to decline.


    * § Finance⠀➾


          o ⚓ Companies_that_laid_off_the_most_employees_across_the_United
            States_so_far_in_2024⠀⇛


                 In a wave of layoffs that has been occurring since 2023,
                 major tech companies including Apple, Dell, and IBM are
                 downsizing their global workforce. Thousands of jobs were
                 slashed in the sector but it is just one of the
                 industries where people have been laid off over the past
                 three months. In January alone, companies and government
                 agencies across the United States laid off and discharged
                 more than 1.57 million employees.


    * § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


          o § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾


                # ⚓ New Republic ☛ Russia_Is_Buying_Politicians_in_Europe._Is
                  It_Happening_Here_Too?⠀⇛


                       “I think Russian propaganda has made its way into
                       the United States, unfortunately, and it’s infected
                       a good chunk of my party’s base,” Representative
                       Michael McCaul, chairman of the House Foreign
                       Affairs Committee, told Puck’s Julia Ioffe last
                       week. Representative Mike Turner, chairman of the
                       House Intelligence Committee, went further, telling
                       CNN’s Jake Tapper a few days later, “We see
                       directly coming from Russia attempts to mask
                       communications that are anti-Ukraine and pro-Russia
                       messages, some of which we even hear being uttered
                       on the House floor.”


                # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Watch:_Iranian_state_TV_claims_fans_of
                  One_Direction_star_were_'Israelis_panicking'⠀⇛


                       The propaganda blunder emerged when the clip –
                       shared by the Islamic Republic of Iran News Network
                       (IRINN) on X, formerly Twitter – was compared with
                       footage taken last week near a hotel in Buenos
                       Aires, Argentina, where the pop star greeted fans.


                       It is one of several fake videos circulated by
                       Iranian news organisations since the missile and
                       drone attack on Israel last weekend.


                # ⚓ Vox ☛ Amazon_ebooks:_Are_the_Mikkelsen_twins_running_a
                  scam?_Here’s_our_investigation⠀⇛


                       In a statement, Amazon spokesperson Ashley Vanicek
                       said, “We aim to provide the best possible
                       shopping, reading, and publishing experience, and
                       we are constantly evaluating developments that
                       impact that experience, which includes the rapid
                       evolution and expansion of generative AI tools.”


                       Yet the garbage books predate the problem of AI.
                       Here’s how they get made in the first place.


                # ⚓ CBC ☛ Meta's_news_ban_changed_how_people_share_political
                  info_—_for_the_worse,_studies_show⠀⇛


                       The blocking of news links has led to profound and
                       disturbing changes in the way Canadian Facebook
                       users engage with information about politics, two
                       unpublished studies shared with Reuters found.


                       "The news being talked about in political groups is
                       being replaced by memes," said Taylor Owen,
                       founding director of McGill University's Centre for
                       Media, Technology and Democracy, who worked on one
                       of the studies.


                       "The ambient presence of journalism and true
                       information in our feeds, the signals of
                       reliability that were there, that's gone."


                # ⚓ CBC ☛ In_the_face_of_online_misinformation,_these_teens_are
                  learning_how_to_sort_fact_from_fiction⠀⇛


                       He's also active on social media, like the vast
                       majority of teens, but he's worried about the
                       misinformation he sees on his feed.


                       "Anyone can make a post and spread it to millions
                       of people," said the Mississauga, Ont., student.
                       "I've seen a lot more fake news. That kind of
                       sparked my interest for chasing the truth."


    * § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


          o ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ Facebook_designates_Grayzone_journalist_Kit
            Klarenberg_a_‘dangerous_individual’⠀⇛


          o ⚓ NPR ☛ Two_nights_before_the_attack,_Salman_Rushdie_dreamed_he_was
            stabbed_onstage⠀⇛


                 "Many of the doctors who I have been involved with in the
                 last year and a half are not only surprised that I
                 survived — which they are — but they're surprised that I
                 have recovered to the degree that I have," he says.
                 "Miracles are all around me, it seems." Related Story:
                 Why Salman Rushdie's work sparked decades of controversy


                 In his new book, Knife, Rushdie writes about the attack,
                 the damage to his body (including the loss of sight in
                 one eye) and more existential questions about facing
                 death and finding his identity in an altered body and
                 state of mind. Rushdie says he was initially reluctant
                 write about the Chautauqua incident, but he's glad he
                 did.


          o ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Salman_Rushdie_Strikes_Back⠀⇛


                 Back in 1989, the fatwa hardly turned Rushdie into a
                 hero. Plenty of Western politicians and writers, along
                 with millions of Muslims around the world, put the blame
                 on him for insensitivity if not apostasy. The knife
                 attack was different—it drew nearly universal outrage and
                 sympathy. Perhaps the horror of an attempted murder
                 overcame any squeamishness about offending religious
                 feelings. Perhaps the statute of limitations on blasphemy
                 had run out, the fatwa too long ago to count. Perhaps
                 there’s been too much violence since then in the name of
                 a vengeful God and other ideologies. “This is bigger than
                 just me,” Rushdie tells his wife in the trauma ward.
                 “It’s about a larger subject.” The subject—the idea for
                 which Rushdie nearly died—is the freedom to say what he
                 wants. It’s under as much pressure today as ever—from
                 fanatics of every type, governments, corporations, the
                 right, the left, and the indifferent. Rushdie survived,
                 but he has too many scars to be certain that the idea
                 will. This book is his way of fighting back: “Language
                 was my knife.”


          o ⚓ NPR ☛ ISIS_destroyed_his_instruments._He_made_a_new_one_from
            scraps_and_composed_an_album⠀⇛


                 Despite the risk of persecution, he recorded his music
                 and uploaded it to the internet for the world to hear.


                 One day, ISIS stormed Mokdad's home and found his stash
                 of instruments. They destroyed all of them but agreed to
                 spare his life.


          o ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Iran's_fatwa_on_Salman_Rushdie_marked_the_end
            of_tolerance⠀⇛


                 This reminds us that the idea we may have the freedom to
                 criticise or even question a faith is not one that
                 certain parts of the Islamic world will tolerate. Of
                 course, this is not the way of all Muslims but to deny
                 that this threat exists is insulting to those who have
                 fought for freedom of expression.


                 In poll after poll, young people are much more concerned
                 about hate speech and giving offence than older liberals.
                 Maybe that is not surprising as they have grown up in the
                 untrammelled world of online cacophony. Maybe their
                 desire for safe spaces is understandable. Yet their
                 pronouncements that no speech should be consequence-free
                 soon becomes stifling. Can there be no challenge to
                 ideas? How can lobby groups like Stonewall issue soft
                 fatwas like “no debate”?


          o ⚓ YLE ☛ Lapland_tourism_workers_mourn_dead_colleague_—_"I_have
            never_worked_in_such_a_bad_company"⠀⇛


                 Giada has requested that only their first name be used in
                 this article, as they do not want to get a reputation as
                 a "problem worker" for speaking publicly about the
                 company's failure to provide a safe working environment.


          o ⚓ NPR ☛ 5_takeaways_from_Salman_Rushdie's_new_memoir_'Knife'⠀⇛


                 Matar is in custody at Chautauqua County Jail, being
                 charged with second-degree attempted murder and second-
                 degree assault. The judge in his case actually postponed
                 Matar's trial after Rushdie announced his memoir, in
                 order to give Matar's lawyers an opportunity to see
                 what's inside the book.


                 The book is out Tuesday. Here's what you can expect from
                 it: [...]


          o ⚓ VOA News ☛ Report:_Chinese_authorities_impose_collective
            punishments_on_families_of_detained_dissidents⠀⇛


                 In a new report, Chinese Human Rights Defenders said
                 authorities have held the children of detained human
                 rights defenders in custody and put them in psychiatric
                 hospitals or orphanages, forced school-age children to
                 drop out of school, imposed exit bans on children of
                 human rights defenders and imprisoned some family members
                 of rights activists.


                 The collective punishment carried out against families of
                 Chinese human rights defenders “is completely illegal and
                 violates all sorts of international human rights laws and
                 conventions,” Renee Xia, director of Chinese Human Rights
                 Defenders, said during an online press briefing on April
                 11.


          o ⚓ EFF ☛ Speaking_Freely:_Lynn_Hamadallah⠀⇛


                 Lynn Hamadallah is a Syrian-Palestinian-French
                 Psychologist based in London. An outspoken voice for the
                 Palestinian cause, Lynn is interested in the ways in
                 which narratives, spoken and unspoken, shape identity.
                 Having lived in five countries and spent a lot of time
                 traveling, she takes a global perspective on freedom of
                 expression. Her current research project investigates how
                 second-generation British-Arabs negotiate their cultural
                 identity. Lynn works in a community mental health service
                 supporting some of London's most disadvantaged residents,
                 many of whom are migrants who have suffered extensive
                 psychological trauma.


                 York: What does free speech or free expression mean to
                 you? 


                 Being Arab and coming from a place where there is much
                 more speech policing in the traditional sense, I suppose
                 there is a bit of an idealization of Western values of
                 free speech and democracy. There is this sense of freedom
                 we grow up associating with the West. Yet recently, we’ve
                 come to realize that the way it works in practice is
                 quite different to the way it is described, and this has
                 led to a lot of disappointment and disillusionment in the
                 West and its ideals amongst Arabs. There’s been a lot of
                 censorship for example on social media, which I’ve
                 experienced myself when posting content in support of
                 Palestine. At a national level, we have witnessed the
                 dehumanization going on around protesters in the UK,
                 which undermines the idea of free speech. For example,
                 the pro-Palestine protests where we saw the then-Home
                 Secretary Suella Braverman referring to protesters as
                 “hate marchers.” So we’ve come to realize there’s this
                 kind of veneer of free speech in the West which does not
                 really match up to the more idealistic view of freedom we
                 were taught about.


          o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Blame_Silly_Politicians_For_Google_Starting_To_Block
            News_Sites_In_California⠀⇛


                 That thing is happening again, where politicians are
                 pushing a bad law that will benefit Rupert Murdoch, while
                 harming the public. Rather than blaming Murdoch or the
                 politicians pushing the law, they’re blaming “big tech”
                 for actually responding to the law accordingly. Because
                 that’s easier. But it’s wrong.


    * § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾


          o ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ NPR_suspends_journalist_who_publicly_accused
            network_of_liberal_bias⠀⇛


                 The suspension came after Berliner put a harsh spotlight
                 on NPR with an April 9 opinion piece for the Substack
                 newsletter the Free Press. He said the decline in NPR’s
                 audience levels is due to a move toward liberal political
                 advocacy and catering to “a distilled worldview of a very
                 small segment of the U.S. population.” The overall thrust
                 of the piece asserted that NPR has “lost America’s
                 trust.”


          o ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ The_Farce_of_Diplomatic_Assurances_-_Craig
            Murray⠀⇛


                 Let me dispense with the assurance against the death
                 penalty. I am sure it will be accepted by the court. The
                 USA does not need to execute Julian, it can incarcerate
                 him in a tiny concrete tomb for life, under extreme
                 sensory deprivation, as a terrible half living warning to
                 any journalist who might reveal their crimes.


                 Should that ever become inconvenient, he can be Epsteined
                 or Seth Riched at any moment. Remember this is a
                 government that plotted to kidnap and/or assassinate him,
                 as pled and not denied in court.


                 The assurance required on First Amendment protection is
                 being misunderstood by almost everybody reporting it, and
                 the US Diplomatic Note seeks to take advantage of the
                 confusion.


          o ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ L.A.'s_ultimate_heartbreak_industry_isn’t
            Hollywood._It's_local_news⠀⇛


                 Every generation in L.A. seems to suffer a journalism
                 mass extinction event. In addition to what’s happening
                 right now and what happened in 2017, there was the
                 shuttering of two alt-weeklies, Los Angeles CityBeat and
                 the Long Beach-based The District Weekly, at the turn of
                 the aughts. I remember the demise of La Banda Elastica
                 and Al Borde, two Spanish-language publications that
                 focused on rock en español through the late 1990s and
                 2000s. Older folks will remember the end of the L.A.
                 Herald Examiner in 1989, whose grandiose downtown
                 headquarters are now used as a satellite campus by
                 Arizona State University.


                 L.A.’s heartbreak industry isn’t Hollywood; it’s
                 journalism. To paraphrase what the late A. Bartlett
                 Giamatti said about baseball, it’s designed to break the
                 hearts of those who work it.


          o ⚓ JURIST ☛ Committee_to_Protect_Journalists_calls_for_investigation
            into_alleged_targeting_of_Ukraine_journalist⠀⇛


                 While Ukraine has made progress in promoting press
                 freedom and media pluralism, the country still faces
                 significant challenges in this area. According to
                 Reporters Without Borders’ 2023 World Press Freedom
                 Index, Ukraine ranks 79th out of 180 nations. Ukrainian
                 journalists continue to be targeted for attacks and abuse
                 by Russia, in addition to facing cases of harassment from
                 authorities within their own government. International
                 organizations such as the International Press Institute
                 have documented a concerning trend of state-backed
                 intimidation and harassment against investigative
                 journalists in Ukraine. A notable example is the case of
                 Bihus.Info, who uncovered that the SBU had covertly
                 recorded some of their employees consuming drugs during a
                 New Year’s celebration, subsequently leaking the footage
                 to discredit the organization. In response to this
                 revelation, the security service dismissed the implicated
                 employees and pledged to uphold press freedom, though
                 doubts remain about their genuine commitment to this
                 fundamental principle.


          o ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Should_you_trust_the_Monitor?_We_asked_one_media
            watchdog_to_audit_us.⠀⇛


                 We know identifying responsible, credible journalism in a
                 sea of agenda-driven messages and misinformation can be
                 exhausting and overwhelming. As people who study trust in
                 news and train journalists to demonstrate credibility, we
                 believe all people should have access to factual,
                 evenhanded news that reflects their priorities and
                 values.


                 That’s why we were thrilled when Editor Mark Sappenfield
                 invited our team at Trusting News to do an audit of the
                 newsroom’s trust and transparency efforts as part of the
                 staff’s Rebuilding Trust series. We have held The
                 Christian Science Monitor up as an example for the news
                 industry to follow, and we were eager to take a deeper
                 dive into the newsroom’s practices.


          o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “Technofeudalism:_What_Killed_Capitalism”:_Yanis
            Varoufakis_on_New_Book_&_Why_Assange_Should_Be_Freed⠀⇛


                 Former Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis, one of
                 the most vocal supporters of Julian Assange, says the
                 United States must drop its espionage case against the
                 jailed WikiLeaks founder. He faults the Australian
                 government for pushing for a plea deal that would allow
                 Assange to walk free from Belmarsh Prison in London in
                 exchange for an admission of guilt. “Julian is never
                 going to plead guilty as if journalism is a crime,” says
                 Varoufakis. He also discusses his new book
                 Technofeudalism, which argues that platforms like Amazon
                 have destroyed the idea of buyers and sellers operating
                 in an open market. “Capitalism was killed by capital,” he
                 says.


          o ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ US_Government_Rejects_Australia’s_Call_To_End
            Assange_Case,_Submits_'Assurances'_For_Extradition⠀⇛


          o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Yanis_Varoufakis_Banned_from_Germany_as_Berlin
            Police_Raid_&_Shut_Down_Palestinian_Conference⠀⇛


                 As Germany intensifies its crackdown on pro-Palestinian
                 voices, we speak with Greek economist and politician
                 Yanis Varoufakis, one of the planned speakers at a
                 conference in Berlin last weekend that was forcibly shut
                 down by police. The Palestine Congress was scheduled to
                 be held for three days, but police stormed the venue as
                 the first panelist spoke. Germany’s Interior Ministry had
                 also banned some conference speakers from even entering
                 the country, including Varoufakis, the Palestinian
                 British surgeon Ghassan Abu-Sittah and the Palestinian
                 researcher Salman Abu Sitta. “This is not about
                 protecting Jewish lives and Jews from antisemitism. It’s
                 all about protecting the right of Israel to commit any
                 war crime of its choice,” says Varoufakis.


    * § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


          o ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ AI_was_supposed_to_make_police_bodycams
            better._What_happened?⠀⇛


                 But this time, Nicholson Goetz and her team were using
                 JusticeText, an AI-powered evidence management program
                 that two former University of Chicago computer science
                 students named Devshi Mehrotra and Leslie Jones-Dove
                 developed when they were outraged at the police killing
                 of Laquan McDonald in their city in 2014. JusticeText
                 analyzes the audio from bodycam footage, transcribes it,
                 and marks it up in minutes, not hours. Released in 2021,
                 it now aids private criminal attorneys as well as public
                 defenders in states such as Texas, Massachusetts, and
                 Kentucky.


                 Although it did not reveal anything that would have
                 directly proved her client’s innocence, JusticeText did
                 bring to light possible evidence of police
                 malfeasance—specifically, destruction of “apparently and
                 potentially exculpatory evidence,” according to the
                 motion.


          o ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ I_Stand_in_Blackburn⠀⇛


                 I shall be standing for election to Parliament as the
                 member for Blackburn. This unexpected turn of events
                 requires an honest declaration.


    * § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


          o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Bell_Canada,_After_Nixxing_Most_Hardware_DVR,_Changes
            Cloud_PVR_Recording_Retention⠀⇛


                 We’ve written about Bell Canada plenty over the years and
                 not typically for good reasons. This is a company that
                 wanted to ban VPNs to combat people getting around geo-
                 blocked content, has a habit of acting petulant when it
                 comes to regulators, and has engaged in other consumer-
                 unfriendly practices. So, not the best reputation when it
                 comes to treating its own customers, and the larger
                 public, particularly well. You can think of them as
                 something like a Canadian version of Comcast in the
                 States.


          o ⚓ EFF ☛ Tell_the_FCC_It_Must_Clarify_Its_Rules_to_Prevent_Loopholes
            That_Will_Swallow_Net_Neutrality_Whole⠀⇛


                 Net neutrality is the principle that all ISPs should
                 treat all traffic coming over their networks without
                 discrimination. The effect of this principle is that
                 customers decide for themselves how they’d like to
                 experience the internet. Violations of this principle
                 include, but are not limited to, attempts to block, speed
                 up, or slow down certain content as means of controlling
                 traffic.


                 Net neutrality is critical to ensuring that the internet
                 remains a vibrant place to learn, organize, speak, and
                 innovate, and the FCC recognizes this. The draft mostly
                 reinstates the bright-line rules of the landmark 2015 net
                 neutrality protections to ban blocking, throttling, and
                 paid prioritization.It falls short, though, in a critical
                 way: the FCC seems to think that it’s not okay to favor
                 certain sites or services by slowing down other traffic,
                 but it might be okay to favor them by giving them access
                 to so-called fast lanes such as 5G network slices. First
                 of all, in a world with a certain amount of finite
                 bandwidth, favoring some traffic necessarily impairs
                 other traffic. Secondly, the harms to speech and
                 competition would be the same even if an ISP could
                 conjure more bandwidth from thin air to speed up traffic
                 from its business partners. Whether your access to
                 Spotify is faster than your access to Bandcamp because
                 Spotify is sped up or because Bandcamp is slowed down
                 doesn’t matter because the end result is the same:
                 Spotify is faster than Bandcamp and so you are
                 incentivized to use Spotify over Bandcamp.The loophole is
                 especially bizarre because the 2015 FCC already got this
                 right, and there has been bipartisan support for net
                 neutrality proposals that explicitly encompass both
                 favoring and disfavoring certain traffic. It’s a
                 distinction that doesn’t make logical sense, doesn’t seem
                 to have partisan significance, and could potentially
                 undermine the rules in the event of a court challenge by
                 drawing a nonsensical distinction between what’s
                 forbidden under the bright-line rules versus what goes
                 through the multi-factor test for other potentially
                 discriminatory conduct by ISPs.The FCC needs to close
                 this loophole for unpaid prioritization of certain
                 applications or classes of traffic. Customers should be
                 in charge of what they do online, rather than ISPs
                 deciding that, say, it’s more important to consume
                 streaming entertainment products than to participate in
                 video calls or that one political party’s websites should
                 be served faster than another’s.


                 When the FCC under the previous administration abandoned
                 net neutrality protections in 2017 with the so-called
                 “Restoring Internet Freedom” order, many states—chief
                 among them California—stepped in to pass state net
                 neutrality laws. Laws more protective than federal net
                 neutrality protections—like California's should be
                 explicitly protected by the new rule.


          o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Telecoms_To_Get_$45_Billion_In_Taxpayer_Broadband
            Subsidies,_But_Are_Whining_Because_They_Might_Have_To_Deliver
            Affordable_Broadband_To_A_Few_Poor_People⠀⇛


                 The 2021 infrastructure bill is throwing more than $42
                 billion at America’s mediocre broadband networks. And
                 while a lot of that money will be put to good use shoring
                 up fiber, a lot of it is being dumped in the laps of
                 regional monopolies with a long, long history of taking
                 subsidies in exchange for broadband networks they
                 repeatedly, mysteriously, leave half completed.


          o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Techdirt_Podcast_Episode_387:_Abolishing_Section_230
            Would_Abolish_Wikipedia⠀⇛


                 Last week, the House Energy and Commerce Committee had a
                 hearing all about Section 230, in which they didn’t even
                 attempt to find a witness pointing out its benefits.
                 Among the many organizations that could have provided
                 that vital perspective is the Wikimedia Foundation (as
                 seen in three excellent posts on Medium), and this week
                 we’re joined by Rebecca MacKinnon, Wikimedia’s VP of
                 Global Advocacy and long-time open internet defender, to
                 talk about why the hearing was bad and Section 230 is
                 very, very important.


§ Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


    * § Patents⠀➾


          o § Software Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Roku_Eyes_Patent_That_Would_Inject_Ads_Into…
                  Everything⠀⇛


                       When last we checked in with our friends at Roku,
                       they had made the unpopular decision to effectively
                       “brick” user streaming hardware and television sets
                       if users didn’t agree to a typically draconian end
                       user agreement that effectively bans your legal
                       right to sue the company.


    * § Copyrights⠀➾


          o ⚓ NYPost ☛ 'Poohniverse'_horror_movie_slated_for_2025_Disney
            characters_enter_public_domain⠀⇛


                 Over the decades, Disney has made several legal maneuvers
                 to try and extend the copyright.


                 In 1998, it lobbied for the Copyright Extension Act,
                 which added 20 years, adding up to 95 years.


                 That act would eventually be dubbed the “Mickey Mouse
                 Protection Act” as it showed Disney’s congressional
                 influence.


          o ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Manga_Publishers_Grill_YouTube_&_TikTok_on_Piracy
            and_Content_ID_Restrictions⠀⇛


                 During a recent copyright meeting at Japan's Ministry of
                 Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
                 representatives from Google (YouTube) and ByteDance
                 (TikTok) were asked to give presentations on the topic of
                 appropriate compensation. Soon, however, questions turned
                 to Content ID, with a representative for manga publishers
                 noting that, while record labels receive billions of
                 dollars, the manga industry receives nothing.


          o ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Key_Defendant_in_Anna's_Archive_Lawsuit_Denies
            Any_Involvement_With_the_Site⠀⇛


                 American nonprofit OCLC sued Anna's Archive in February
                 for allegedly hacking its WorldCat database and posting
                 the records online. The only named defendant, a software
                 developer from Washington, denies any involvement with
                 the hack and the pirate library, suggesting that the
                 plaintiffs targeted the wrong person. With a motion to
                 dismiss, the defendant hopes to end the case here and
                 now.


===============================================================================
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