𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, November 18, 2024 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 19 Nov 02:49:19 GMT 2024 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2024/11/18/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmbHjgPAAcGNUG9Sej4vSKhK8DfUYokfFkXLdKwr1JtGJG QmdLsuRLzrwb58dZaSmJah6oCmNNZ6cW4ick4chqJmHjmY QmTNR3uqcbMYjPAbbHjBqyNJb3ib8kytQvdFnATzkBFVvo QmfCHrqMLfMsHXYnQeAvVuNYt91Zw2AmMJ5mx4RqsrWy3b QmR2rr1yXDANjQBEz2oGtd2UMgy9U37FHdjpUhPfAk7h5z QmWE6ucdKk9Q1pi6ce3ko9xPWd9Y4BjpLij3W7tJ5TMjG3 QmaoEDiALTYYZdaq3SQ86aQpMwUji1nqCeLbXAoszFRYvJ QmSTkZUY74BcgbgqS6JKwwNbVnbzY5uqwpgWtYonGJua8s QmXZcp3rXLYa24pYd7jUu6sPDrhziRCNCok875WLJTLysP QmUE7nd24kx2soZFbSYKDsb1ik1wpirFTRTBhDTj6w9sjh QmdKeWBhfnjgQLYU48wto7DdStpXsB5mE1yEEnWcxQ53vu QmfSnnTnjcAe3YvtRsVgAwUJfpcEk1dM5J5yjJLyv7MxqM QmQ16CkpxBbMzPZ6wZcuKBUcxH1RZ8uAEhcvdBsPRpVZe9 QmT3gTQRv33wEDtJveL8DiqiacGeRaxEbRFDUyVSJEAvDL QmTs9qcwghZPs5oBh9qzsu8a11T4s6xHrJjVNyk5miFy3X Qmdqd6mb8mj27qVvQZRR7sjshrXYYirWm9vRttLkNB5rW6 QmSjY85vxbu9nNFHUMmuK7CxRame2VYuhb523CJaK5zRkj QmZwah9nZHVvSzbJWEAMxumYDpanFPqTahnqoNP83tuZbx QmQWSrGfeYwgf6HE9N3742DJrJwq8uNSCUAz469CnuUFGe QmcgTTyseF5zFd4MLquM4PtJZzkFcBEqaUbqDe4eaUx6Na QmZMEFKvpgvjxAcV9Pwu7yF74LYZwS7ktdLFdYb988Ncfu ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Techrights - BetaNews is Still 'Shitposting' About Trump and Porn (Two Analysers Say This 'Shitposting' Comes From LLMs) ⦿ Techrights - Business Software Alliance (BSA), Microsoft, and AstroTurfing Online (Also in the Trump Administration Groomed by BSA and Microsoft) ⦿ Techrights - Fourth Estate or Missing Fourth Pillar ⦿ Techrights - IRC Proceedings: Sunday, November 17, 2024 ⦿ Techrights - LLMs Are Not a Form of Intelligence (They Never Will Be) ⦿ Techrights - Market Share of Vista 11 Said to be Going Down in Europe ⦿ Techrights - Over at Tux Machines... ⦿ Techrights - Technology: rights or responsibilities? - Part VII ⦿ Techrights - Windows at 1% ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/BetaNews_is_Still_Shitposting_About_Trump_and_Porn_Two_Analyser.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Business_Software_Alliance_BSA_Microsoft_and_AstroTurfing_Onlin.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Fourth_Estate_or_Missing_Fourth_Pillar.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/IRC_Proceedings_Sunday_November_17_2024.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/LLMs_Are_Not_a_Form_of_Intelligence_They_Never_Will_Be.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Market_Share_of_Vista_11_Said_to_be_Going_Down_in_Europe.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Technology_rights_or_responsibilities_Part_VII.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Windows_at_1.shtml ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Gemini_Links_18_11_2024_Degrowth_and_OpenBSD_Fatigue.shtml https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Links_18_11_2024_Science_News_and_War_Escalations_in_Ukraine.shtml ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 72 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/BetaNews_is_Still_Shitposting_About_Trump_and_Porn_Two_Analyser.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/BetaNews_is_Still_Shitposting_About_Trump_and_Porn_Two_Analyser.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ BetaNews is Still 'Shitposting' About Trump and Porn (Two Analysers Say This 'Shitposting' Comes From LLMs)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇BetaNews,_Inc.⦈_ Published 4 hours ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Pornhub_traffic_reveals_the_naked_truth_behind_Trump’s_2024 election_victory⦈_ Slop (entirely) says one analyser: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇One_possible_theory_is_that_the_shifts_in_Pornhub_traffic_on Election_Day_could_reflect_the_public’s_engagement_and_emotional_state.⦈_ And another: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇We_are_highly_confident_this_text_was_slop⦈_ We are highly confident this text is slop, according to them. Well, this clickbait (to make matters worse) is their first article in more than 3 days and apparently also the "Latest Technology News". 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇BetaNews⦈_ The latest nonsense for sure. Probably some SEO garbage, prompted with words like "porn" and "trump" to stitch together other people's words. Also see: BetaNews_Has_Become_a_SPAM/Slop_Factory,_Brian_Fagioli_Publishes_Fake 'Articles' | It's_Morbid_to_Talk_About_Living_People_as_If_They're_Dead | BetaNews,_Inc._Became_a_Spam_Operation/Web_Site,_LLM_Spew_(Slop)_for_SEO Disguised_as_"Articles" | BetaNews_is_Beta-Testing_the_Site_as_LLM_Slop_With Microsoft_Propaganda_Thrown_In | Even_the_Managing_Editor_of_BetaNews_is_Doing Slop_and_Spam | At_BetaNews,_"Most_Commented_Story"_Is_Not_a_Story_But_LLM Slop!_(Readers_Talking_to_Bots) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡤⣤⡀⢀⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣆⣤⠀⣤⡄⢠⣤⠀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣴⣶⡆⣶⣶⢠⣶⢦⣶⠶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣸⠃⠀⢸⣷⡿⠤⠼⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣿⠀⣼⣿⣼⣿⠇⠰⣿⡉⣿⢻⣇⣿⣸⣧⣿⣽⡇⢰⡟⣿⠻⣯⡋⠀⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡇⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⠏⣼⡛⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠿⠷⠶⠟⠉⠳⠶⠾⠃⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠺⠷⠆⠿⠿⠯⠿⠀⠲⠾⢳⡿⠾⠛⠿⠿⠽⠧⠿⠀⠸⠷⠿⠲⠾⠃⠀⠛⠋⠈⠛⠃⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠛⠛⠀⠛⠃⠀⠙⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣶⣯⣷⣼⣾⣷⣴⣼⣮⣵⣼⣬⣧⣶⣭⣽⣦⣿⣯⣦⣬⣮⣽⣽⣮⣧⣾⣭⣦⣿⣵⣯⣿⣦⣶⣿⣧⣼⣽⣭⣭⣽⣮⣧⣥⣭⣽⣭⣿⣥⣦⣬⣵⣦⣧⣼⣤⣤⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣥⣦⣬⣦⣼⣮⣿⣯⣿⣾⣧⣿⣿⣾⣷⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣧⣤⣼⣼⣧⣬⣭⣤⣯⣽⣧⣧⣾⣽⣧⣷⣸⣼⣯⣿⣴⣭⣭⣼⣾⣭⣧⣦⣽⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣤⣵⣼⣴⣤⣾⣧⣧⣾⣬⣧⣽⣯⣧⣼⣤⣧⣵⣬⣼⣿⣴⣦⣧⣥⣼⣦⣾⣼⣤⣧⣾⣦⣧⣧⣷⣼⣦⣽⣤⣬⣯⣴⣬⣦⣼⣿⣯⣴⣧⣧⣼⣼⣯⣿⣯⣤⣤⣷⣯⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣭⣮⣤⣯⣬⣬⣥⣦⣔⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣛⡛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⢛⢛⡛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⣛⡛⡛⢛⡛⣛⡛⣛⠛⠛⣛⣛⢛⡛⢛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⢛⡛⠛⣛⢛⠛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣛⣛⠛⣛⢛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣓⡒⢓⢓⡚⢓⡓⡓⣚⣚⢓⣒⡚⣒⣓⢛⣚⠛⡚⡚⢚⢓⢓⠒⣚⣛⣓⣛⣓⣓⢛⣚⢒⣒⣚⣓⡛⢓⣛⡚⢛⠛⠚⡒⢛⡓⢛⣚⡓⡒⣓⣚⡚⣛⢛⡒⡓⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡓⣛⣚⡓⣓⢚⢒⣓⡛⡚⣚⣛⡛⣓⠓⣚⣒⣒⡛⣛⢚⢛⣒⣒⢚⣒⣓⡚⢛⣛⡛⡚⣚⣓⢛⡓⣓⣓⢒⠛⠚⢓⣛⡓⣓⣒⡛⡒⣓⣛⠚⣗⣒⢚⣚⢒⡓⣒⣛⣛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠚⢚⣓⢛⣛⢒⢒⢒⡒⣓⣓⣚⢛⡛⣓⡓⣛⣓⢒⣚⣚⣚⢓⣛⡚⣓⣛⠓⣓⣒⣓⡓⡓⠛⠛⢓⢛⣚⣓⣚⢓⣛⣛⢓⡛⣛⢒⣛⣒⣚⣓⢛⣛⣚⢒⣓⣒⣚⢒⣓⡚⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡚⣛⣒⣓⣛⡒⣚⢓⢒⡛⢛⡒⣓⣛⣓⠓⡚⣚⢒⣛⣚⡞⣚⠒⣒⡚⢒⢛⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠭⠩⠭⠍⠹⢩⡍⠭⠽⠍⠉⠭⠍⠩⠭⠭⠩⠭⠭⡭⠭⠍⠋⠏⠩⠍⠩⠩⠯⠽⠭⠭⠍⠩⠭⠍⠭⠉⠍⠭⡭⠭⠩⠽⡍⠍⠯⢭⠭⠭⡉⠹⠯⠩⠩⢩⣍⠭⠽⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠭⠩⠭⠉⠭⠏⢍⠹⠩⠩⠯⠩⠩⠉⠏⠭⠍⠩⠍⠽⠩⠭⠭⠯⠩⠭⠍⠭⠉⠭⠭⠹⢩⡍⠭⠩⠭⠩⠍⠍⠭⠭⠩⠭⠭⠹⠭⠭⠽⡉⠩⠍⠍⠭⠽⠉⠭⠿⠭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣉⣭⣉⣩⣏⣭⣭⣹⣭⣿⣭⣩⣉⣹⣉⣭⣍⣉⣏⣉⣍⣍⣩⣭⣭⣍⣭⣹⣭⣍⣯⣽⣽⣍⣹⣩⣯⣩⣍⣭⣭⣍⣍⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⣍⣏⣯⣹⣉⣭⣍⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣭⣽⣩⣙⣍⣉⣭⣭⣻⣝⣭⣽⣭⣩⣋⣭⣭⣫⣍⣏⣹⣩⣍⣫⣩⣙⣭⣭⣩⣝⣩⣿⣻⣍⣯⣽⣭⣍⣫⣝⣩⣭⣝⣿⣋⣭⣍⣯⣙⣭⣯⣩⣉⣋⣩⣭⣛⣏⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣝⣿⣭⣽⣯⣯⣍⣉⣝⣽⣽⣏⣩⣭⣝⣭⣩⣙⣿⣽⣭⣩⣯⣻⣭⣫⣩⣝⣽⣹⣝⣭⣭⣋⣟⣭⣩⣍⣯⣽⣍⣍⣋⣿⣫⣹⣯⣩⣽⣯⣯⣩⣩⣩⣝⣭⣫⣽⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣩⣟⣫⣽⣏⣭⣻⣽⣹⣟⣋⣫⣿⣿⣹⣯⣿⣻⣽⣯⣋⣛⣭⣿⣭⣻⣟⣏⣩⣭⣿⣽⣙⣭⣩⣩⣭⣫⣭⣏⣯⣿⣻⣭⣉⣯⣻⣹⣿⣝⣿⣙⣹⣽⣫⣋⣯⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢠⠤⠀⠉⠈⠁⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠈⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠀⠀⠒⠺⣿⣧⣿⣦⣼⣾⣤⣬⣷⣼⣤⣶⣥⣤⣷⣿⣦⣴⣭⣮⣾⣴⣼⣤⣮⣾⣷⣤⣤⣬⣮⣦⣧⣴⣥⣼⣾⣧⣤⣤⣾⣷⣤⣼⣧⣷⣤⣷⣦⣠⣦⣼⣵⣼⣯⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣏⣁⣉⣙⣟⣈⣉⣿⣟⣿⣉⣈⣻⡯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣏⣙⣯⣋⣩⣏⣭⣿⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⣧⣽⣿⣽⣭⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣤⣷⣤⣧⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⢶⠶⠾⠾⢾⠷⡶⠶⢾⠶⠾⠾⢶⠷⡶⡶⠿⢶⠶⠶⢾⡿⠶⠶⡷⢷⢶⢾⡶⢶⠿⠶⠶⠷⢶⡶⠶⡶⠶⠷⠶⠾⡾⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⠶⠷⠶⢶⠾⡶⠷⠷⠾⠶⠾⢶⠾⠿⡶⠷⢶⠾⢿⠾⠿⠿⡾⢿⠷⠾⠾⠶⠶⠾⠶⢶⠶⠶⠾⠶⢶⣗⠶⡶⢶⠶⠷⠶⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⡶⡛⣷⡾⠖⠷⠷⠶⢞⠶⡿⢺⠶⢶⠷⡾⣶⠶⠿⣞⢷⠾⠷⢚⣲⡾⡿⠾⠾⡷⢶⢾⡶⢷⢾⡷⣲⢳⢿⠾⡾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠌⠙⠀⠁⢋⢀⠐⠌⠂⠈⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣼⣭⣩⣯⣭⣬⣽⣽⣭⣿⣹⣭⣯⣭⣯⣯⣭⣽⣬⣽⣯⣧⣭⣯⣯⣽⣯⣽⣬⣿⣽⣧⣬⣭⣿⣭⣷⣭⣽⣿⣽⣽⣭⣥⣭⣽⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣯⣏⣭⣧⣭⣽⣭⣝⣭⣫⣭⣭⣿⣯⣯⣼⣽⣿⣥⣿⣭⣯⣭⣯⣿⣭⣼⣽⣭⣿⣧⣏⣧⣯⣤⣿⣍⣥⣽⣍⣯⣽⣏⣧⣿⣮⣼⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣬⣦⣤⣮⣧⣧⣤⣵⣥⣷⣤⣴⣼⣤⣦⣵⣤⣵⣼⣥⣤⣼⣬⣥⣤⣦⣧⣤⣤⣬⣦⣽⣤⣦⣤⣷⣤⣬⣧⣥⣤⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣤⣤⣴⣤⣧⣵⣧⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣽⣧⣤⣧⣤⣧⣼⣤⣦⣬⣼⣤⣧⣾⣤⣬⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣬⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣼⣥⣾⣤⣤⣶⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣦⣥⣤⣦⣧⣴⣤⣼⣬⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣴⣶⣦⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣦⣧⣼⣤⣴⣼⣴⣶⣬⣤⣼⣴⣦⣧⣶⣤⣴⣼⣧⣦⣥⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠟⣟⠛⠛⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠟⢿⡟⠟⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⠻⢿⡟⠟⣿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⢻⢿⡿⡿⠿⠟⡿⡿⡿⢿⠛⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⠻⡿⣿⠻⢿⠟⠻⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡷⠶⢶⢾⠶⠷⡷⡿⠷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣦⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡧⠤⠿⠵⠤⣬⣦⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⣬⡧⣥⣴⡧⢧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠿⠿⢿⣿⡟⠿⡟⡟⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⡛⢟⡛⢻⠛⠛⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠟⠿⣻⡿⠛⡛⠛⣟⢛⠛⠛⣻⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠟⢛⡛⡟⡛⠛⠻⡟⡛⣛⠛⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣽⣿⣿⣽⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 256 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Business_Software_Alliance_BSA_Microsoft_and_AstroTurfing_Onlin.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Business_Software_Alliance_BSA_Microsoft_and_AstroTurfing_Onlin.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Business Software Alliance (BSA), Microsoft, and AstroTurfing Online (Also in the Trump Administration Groomed by BSA and Microsoft)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024, updated Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Satya_Nadella's_Astroturfing_as_a_Service⦈_ OVER THE years - and decades* - we documented_Microsoft_AstroTurfing quite frequently and sometimes very extensively. One form of that company's AstroTurfing is misdirection; for instance, they want us to talk about security issues in Linux (like some relatively minor and already-patched bug) instead of actual Microsoft/Windows breaches. Here's a new_example_of_misdirections_from Microsoft,_as_an_associate_put_it ("Five Eyes nations reveal the top 15 most exploited flaws"). At the end of March of this year a_Microsoft_employee_made_a ton_of_noise about Xz when the real security blunder was an imminent (days away) report about Microsoft as a whole suffering a breach, impacting the US government and resulting in espionage (the US government then published a scathing report about why it was Microsoft's fault). "MANY articles talk about the technique of trolling used by astroturfers," the above-mentioned associate said, "but basically none mention the activity of astroturfing itself." The above page documents examples of paid Microsoft astroturfers getting caught operating in Reddit. About a week ago someone said to us in IRC that some random people in Reddit were promoting VSCode and the same was true for some online forums focused on Linux (only hours ago an article that_has_VSCode promoted_for_Linux_implied_that_this_was_"perfect",_as_per_the_headline; some days_ago_a_site_called_"It's_FOSS"_chose_to_do_the_same; that's openwashing). Noticing a pattern yet? How much of that boils down to Microsoft AstroTurfing? VSCode is proprietary and it is a way for Microsoft to spy on developers (yes, it's spyware). It's not hard to see why Microsoft is so desperate to spread VSCode, even_at_Intel. "Trolling" as a term has been distorted and this_new_article ("The Rise of the Troll") is testament of it. To quote: The Atlantic has examined trolling as an internet behavior for decades. (First, a minute for definitions: Trolling is a centuries- old term for a common fishing technique that involves slowly dragging a line through the water to lure fish into taking the bait, which The Atlantic has also written about. That word is a possible etymological ancestor of trolling in the modern parlance.) In a 2006 story about the evolution of Wikipedia, the writer and historian Marshall Poe recounted the tactics of a prominent early user known as “The Cunctator” (Latin for “procrastinator” or “delayer”), who pushed for a no-hierarchy, no-constraints version of the site. “Cunc,” as he was known, spammed pages, left inflammatory comments, and, most notably, baited the Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger into a prolonged edit war. (Sanger left Wikipedia in 2002, later citing its takeover by “trolls.”) A lot of that is AstroTurfing. To quote a definition: "The term "astroturfing" is a play on the term "grassroots movement," since the grass is fake. Astroturfing has been attempted by online businesses who present a product as being highly desired and sought out by a certain customer base via company- sponsored message board posts, blogs or articles when there is no evidence to support such an assertion." And speaking of Trump, notice how the Business_Software_Alliance (BSA) rears its_ugly_head_again: BSA represents OpenAI, Microsoft, and other leading tech companies hoping to influence Washington and international policymakers as they chart a path forward on regulating AI. For his part, Trump has vowed to undo outgoing President Joe Biden’s landmark executive order, signaling his White House will impose fewer rules on the fast-moving technology. Has Washington become openWashington? Where the emphasis is openwashing rather than Open(Source)Washington? Either way, all the above are things to bear in mind. Microsoft was_never_against_Trump, it is benefiting_from_his_racism_and corruption. █ ____ * We've been around for over 18 years and some decorations related to this were taken down this past weekend - to be replaced last night with Christmas decorations. ⣿⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠄⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⡀⣀⠀⢀⠀⣠⠄⢀⢀⣀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠛⠧⠿⠸⠼⠍⠧⠟⠤⠧⠧⠏⠧⠿⠿⠇⣯⡇⠾⠇⠿⠀⠿⠇⠬⠗⠿⠿⠙⠞⠗⠯⠺⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠙⠛⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⢻⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣠⣤⣤⠶⠾⠿⢣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠤⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠨⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣟⡉⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⢰⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣤⣄⠀⢀⣀⡠⣄⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣐⣒⣲⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡏⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡃⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 385 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Fourth_Estate_or_Missing_Fourth_Pillar.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Fourth_Estate_or_Missing_Fourth_Pillar.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Fourth Estate or Missing Fourth Pillar⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024, updated Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Hummingbirds_looking_like_they_are_sharing_news_of_the_day around_the_dining_table⦈_ "The term Fourth Estate or fourth power refers to the press and news media in explicit capacity of reporting the News" -Wikipedia on Fourth Estate 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Media_before_the_Web;_Pole_Held_With_Duct_Tape:_'News' online⦈_ Today or right now it's a Monday morning and earlier than 9AM (CET or even UTC), i.e. the quietest of all times for news-finding (only the far east or Australia publish some things at this time). The "commercial" (or corporate or mainstream) press is asleep even if a lot is happening around the world. They don't get salaried to work on Sundays. Companies like Apple and Microsoft don't pay them to "engage" in marketing at these times (puff pieces or ads disguised as reporting) as the "returns" are diminished when businesses are shut. Well, we in Techrights always took advantage of these quiet periods to catch up with news and prepare things for the coming week/weeks. This past weekend was no exception and with visitors coming later today we expect to be less active than usual throughout this week, at least online. When I was younger we had many "Daily" papers (with many subscribers) and some were "weeklies" or weekly editions for weekends. Some of them were large and extensive, published on Sundays (the Sunday Times is still a thing). The "Daily Express" and similar dailies (even more professional ones, like London's own, not the "middle-market newspapers") become less than daily, become trash, eventually perish altogether and get sold to slop-leaning_liquidators. Hence, investment in investigative journalists - which can be very expensive - exists no more. Most investigative journalism remains demoted or relegated to freelancers in their own sites, which lack budget and 'name'. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Alabama_Media_Group⦈_ This is a morbid and very sad state of affairs. A lot of what remains_of_news sites is paid-for stenography for the likes of Microsoft and the front groups, e.g. Linux_Foundation. Articles are just some product they buy and pay for. This means that nonprofit interests (hence, little budget) get largely ignored by the media. That's a known issue in general, not a "Linux" issue, but it's still a big issue and it's about tech because of the "online" aspects. The problem is further worsened or exacerbated in weekends. I recently suggested that we might need to "spread out" picks of news to ensure weekends have remnants of signal (it is a relatively new challenge). An associate explained: "One of the factors slowing the news down is the repetition of syndicated feeds across 'separate' sites, but then some of the sites are less separate than they make out to be. There is basically no local news service any more. For example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al.com" Even when they have unique words (in some cases, only a unique headline), the material covered is almost the same. There's less original material because there are far fewer investigations. What also lessens their incentive to investigate is their unhealthy yet growing dependence on Twitter and Facebook, to name just two Social Control Networks that are basically dying over time. It really kills them all when Twitter becomes "X" and then drowns. Because they foolishly told loyal readers, "follow_us_in_Twitter"_instead_of_advertising something_like_an_RSS_feed. To make matters worse, they must also compete with SEO spam and slop - not separate problems (the latter is more like plagiarism). "Xitter and FB helped kill the media," the associate opined. "Their oligarch buddies did the rest." The inherent anatomy of this isn't hard to see, even in retrospect rather than in real time. Sites were short-sighted and promoted third-party "platforms"; they did not invest in RSS, Atom etc. (before Firefox abolished "live bookmarks" and basically helped Google attack RSS/syndication). GAFAM et al tried to suck journalists out of their site/platform, seducing them into writing "tweets" instead of meaningful articles; then oligarchy_came_along, deciding to kill the "medium". So what we have left now is chaos - people who lose their way of keeping track of news, or people who wrongly believe that Elon Musk can be trusted to curate their news. People need to better protect themselves online, knowing there's constantly a war over their minds, not limited to the advertising industry or politics. The Web hasn't been a reliable source of information for a very long time. Literature or the press apparatus moving online got drowned out by "games" like social control media striving for "engagement" rather than facts. With LLM slop thrown into the mix, there's an even growing proportion on the Web that's pure junk, worthless_words_spewed_out_by_a_machine. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_news_is_broken?_Dog_Christmas_Tree:_dindu_it,_I_swear!⦈_ ⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣿⡟⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠋⠁⣿⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢹⢷⡶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣽⡀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣶⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⣾⣒⣢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⢀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣷⡀⢸⣿⣟⢀⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣴⣖⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⡛⢻⡻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠿⠟⠛⠋⡍⢹⣷⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⡉⠉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⠿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡒⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣙⣻⣿⣛⡛⠛⠛⣻⣷⣄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠈⠑⠢⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⣤⣍⣟⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠬⠿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡹⡖⠀⠉⡻⠶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣼⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠷⠤⠤⠤⠤⠝⢟⣿⣿⣷⣪⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣿⣿⣤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠨⣈⠉⢉⣉⣻⣿⣻⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⣧⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠠⠾⣿⣖⠐⠠⠬⠾⡷⠓⡀⢀⣬⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣿⣿⡷⠾⠿⠿⠿⠞⠿⠾⠾⠟⠛⠛⠒⠛⠘⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣶⣷⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠁⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⡉⠉⠑⠒⠂⠠⠤⠀⣀⣀⡂⠀⠁⡸⠇⠢⣯⣿⣌⣿⡼⠟⣃⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠅⠁⠀⠀⢸⡄⢱⠿⢋⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⢶⢞⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⣴⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⢠⣤⣄⠀⢀⣀⡉⠀⠀⠒⠘⠲⠾⠿⢧⡿⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠄⠹⢿⠟⢟⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣻⡸⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢘⣿⣿⠀⣶⣾⣿⣆⠇⢰⢙⢰⢼⣽⣽⣷⣭⡿⣿⢟⣿⣟⣿⣹⣷⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠄⠀⠀⠠⠤⣟⢷⣾⠛⠉⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣾⡿⣀⢿⠿⢿⣾⡄⢘⢻⢛⢈⢸⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⢡⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢤⣶⣿⣿⡿⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣻⣷⡝⠿⠿⢿⢟⡛⠛⢃⠅⠁⠈⣘⢈⢃⠸⡃⠲⠼⡞⣿⣽⢹⣿⢵⣾⠿⣃⣂⣸⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣹⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢬⣶⠻⡀⣀⠀⣴⣭⣿⣙⣻⠇⠸⠿⠿⠀⠘⠉⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⠎⠁⠀⠉⠉⢉⠈⠘⠑⠀⡈⠕⠁⠀⡉⠀⠘⠒⠂⣖⢸⠒⠘⠌⠁⠉⢀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠦⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢁⡤⡄⡏⠀⠁⠉⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡽⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⠀⠠⠠⠌⡹⠶⣾⡌⡄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠐⠃⠘⠐⠁⠐⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⡟⠁⠸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣷⡃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠈⢨⢟⠃⢓⠁⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢻⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢙⣶⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠙⢒⣚⠀⠀⠀⠐ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠰⠜⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢶⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢶⠀⡑⡠⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠘⠀⢁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣩⡉⡉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠰⠲⡶⡜⡇⢻⣇⠀⣀⣀⣸⣟⣿⠿⠗⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⡼⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⣤⣀⣀⣄⣸⣿⣧⡇ ⠛⢛⣹⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠃⢸⡏⠁⠈⢉⣁⣀⣀⣀⢀⣉⡙⠣⠀⠀⠀⣷⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬⢦⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣁⢚⣀⡀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣘⡃⢀⣿⢟⣠⣶⠀⠸⢿⣿⣻⣟⣋⣉⣭⣿⣿⢿⡃ ⠀⠘⢿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠘⡿⠋⠉⠙⠿⠛⠛⠋⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⣼⣛⣙⣛⣛⣻⣿⠛⡟⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣼⣿⡇⣿⣏⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠒⠊⠀⠙⠻⣧ ⣿⣳⣾⡅⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⣿⣏⣸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣼⣧⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠ ⣋⣉⣈⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠁⡼⢩⣿⣛⢿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠛⠙⠃⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢋⣘⣛⣛⣃⣛⣣⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣒⣼⣶⣧⣿⣿⣷⡄⠂⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠂⢉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣠⣤⣤⢰⣶⢶⣦⢰⣶⠶⣶⡶⠆⣴⣶⣶⢱⣶⢶⣦⣶⣶⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⠤⠤⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢛⠉⡹⠛⣻⡿⣿⣿⣷⡀⢠⣥⣭⣽⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢾⣏⢸⣿⠆⣿⡷⠆⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢾⣟⣿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣵⣶⣶⣶⡾⠇⠉⠀⠁⠨⢿⠿⣋⣇⡉⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣼⡿⢸⣿⣤⣿⡇⠀⢿⣿⡿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡿⢿⣿⣾⣿⡿⣿⡟⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡶⣶⡿⣗⡀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⢲⣶⢷⣲⢖⣒⡲⣖⣚⡛⢿⣭⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡷⠎⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣇⠛⢿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠃⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⠛⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠃⣿⡏⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣷⡆⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⠇⢿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⠛⠀⠀⣿⣿⢻⣿⡟⢸⣿⠃⣿⡟⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⠤⢴⣶⣶⣾⡷⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣻⣄⣟⣃⡛⠓⠛⠛⠃⠀⠛⢻⣸⣛⣧⣼⣛⣟⣟⡛⠛⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡏⣿⣧⢸⡇⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣟⠟⠩⠈⠈⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⢹⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠚⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣧⣿⠇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣼⡗⢿⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣷⣶⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣸⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠁⣆⣠⢔⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠫⠀⣡⡾⠵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢈⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠑⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣟⣯⣧⣤⡷⠞⠋⠀⠀⢸⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⣿⡿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⢫⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⡨⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⢀⠀⠤⠐⠒⠉⠀⠸⢻⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⠎⠉⠐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⠐⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣧⣴⣶⣦⣀⠈⡖⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡄⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀⠈⣶⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠻ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⢀⣁⠀⢀⣤⣤⠶⠚⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠻⢿⡿⠛⠙⠁⠀⠒⠉⢶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⠐⣶⣤⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠊⠒⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠴⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣭⣿⡿⠟⣯⠝⠻⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⡟⠿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣏⠄⠑⠀⠉⣂⣴⢆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⣴⣶⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⡀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠏⠀⣰⣧⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢀⣾⣆⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣼⣷⡀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣷⣄⠀⠀⣠⣾⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢀⣼⣧⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⣿⠟⡉⠻⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠀⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿ ⣏⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣘⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣻⣌⠂⣠⣿⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣹⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣃⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣈⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣿⣿⣃⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣘⣿⣿ ⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⢀⠙⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⣤⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣴⠦⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠶⠄⢹⣿⣿⣿⡏⢠⣶⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡦⢸⣿⣿ ⡇⢸⣶⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠓⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠘⢋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣠⣤⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡙⠒⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣦⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣧⣈⠛⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣈⠛⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣶⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠽⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡛⢙⣉⣉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⡿⠇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠿⠀⠀⣿⣧⣿⡇⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⢰⣿⢻⣷⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⡆⢸⣿⢻⣷⢰⣿⢻⣿⡌⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⣿⠿⢸⣿⣸⣿⢰⣿⢻⣿⣌⣉⣭⡤⡤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣶⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠻⣿⣦⡀⠀⢸⣿⠘⠿⣷⣦⠀⠀⣿⡷⣿⣇⢸⣿⢾⣟⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣶⢹⣿⣿⣿⢠⣤⣸⣿⡧⠶⠶⠶⠶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣤⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣤⠸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⡇⣤⢸⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣧⣿⡿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣼⣿⢇⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣯⣤⢸⣯⢿⣿⢨⣿⠭⠭⡶⠖⠒⠒⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠍⠁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠁⠸⠋⠈⡍⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⡉⠉⠉⠁⠈⢩⠈⠉⣾⣯⣭⣵⣿⣿⣵⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣬⣽⠬⠭⠮⠭⠶⢺⡟⢛⣛⣛⣉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣦⣶⠖⠛⠒⠒⠪⠙⠋⣹⣛⣉⣉⣭⣥ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢶⠖⠃⠀⡲⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣭⡈⡥⣥⣴ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣧⠀⠈⠚⢿⣿⠅⡘⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠾⢋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡿⠷⡇⡄⠀⠀⠁⠈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠐⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠒⠀⠀⢐⡂⣓⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠚⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⠀⠀⣔⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠂⠀⠀⣅⠀⠐⠛⠛⠲⢄⠀⠠⡋⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⢹⠇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠽⠤⣠⣀⡀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠩⡷⠒⠀⠦⠋⢩⠟⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠶⠀⣈⠁⠁⠂⠀⠄⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⠀⠄⠈⢿⠿⠂⠈⠁⠣⠬⡀⠐⠀⠀⠠⣾⣯⠀⠀⠉⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡠⢐⠀⢸⡧ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⢀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣠⣖⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⢆⠀⠀⠀⠋⠋⢈⠒⢂⠖⠠⣀⣀⠀⢐⣄⠉⠉⠀⡄⢸⠃⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠋⢀⠘⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⡤⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢀⠈⣛⡋⠀⠒⢰⣿⣿⡿⠷⠀⠀⡤⠘⡧⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⠁⢰⠙⠸⢰⢣⣼⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⠀⡐ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠐⠲⠍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠏⠁⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣉⠌⡹⢳⡆⠠⣾⠟⣿⣄⣀⠀⠘⠃⠜⢁⠀⡺⠀⢰⣀⡿⠑⣤⣤⡀⣒⣁⣈⣀⣠⡤⣤⠈⢰⢧ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠉⢀⢊⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣻⠁⠀⣄⣐⡁⠸⠄⡿⢱⠀⠀⠀⠉⠅⠉⠀⠠⡶⠛⠫⢿⠇⠀⣰⣿⠃⢀⣈⣹⣿⠄⢩⣽⠛⠋⢰⣿⡄⣸⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠛⠒⢈⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣽⢿⠁⢠⣞⠁⠠⠤⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⣠⣷⠄⠔⡀⢸⣧⣠⠛⠀⠈⠀⠿⡄⠓⢀⢸⡿⠀⢴⣿⣷⣰⠧⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢠⢄⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠒⣦⡠⠀⠘⢤⠀⠉⠹⢰⠇⠀⠀⠠⢯⣡⣝⣛⣲⠁⠀⡞⣯⡾⢒⢣⠀⣤⣤⠈⠙⠻⠿⣃⠀⠀⣿⡧⠻⣦⡡ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠚⠓⠀⠀⠀⡄⠼⠟⡇⠀⠀⡤⠑⢮⠀⠏⠀⠀⢀⡄⢸⣿⡯⠏⢫⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⢸⣶⠀⠄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠁⢠⣿⠅ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠄⠀⠀⢠⡶⠀⠃⡀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⡸⠀⣴⡮⢵⠞⠀⠉⡛⡇⠀⣬⠇⠀⠀⢀⡠⠋⢸⣧⠀⠀⣠⠃⠤⠸⠀⡠⠀⠀⢀⣷⣿⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⢮⡄⠀⠀⡇⠀⢤⠴⢂⡐⠀⠀⢴⢿⠀⡏⢢⠠⠔⡛⢠⣽⣼⣿⠆⣰⠃⠀⠄⣻⣎⡑⠀⠀⣈⠛⠟⠃ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠃⠀⠸⠀⣰⡇⠀⠟⣶⣴⡄⠃⡆⠈⠇⠌⠐⢣⣡⠀⣦⠃⢃⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⣳⡀⢠⢃⣀⣄⣠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣧⣤⣴⣀⢀⡀⠻⣄⡰⠒⢸⣿⣷⣴⣿⣷⣆⠐⠲⣾⣿⡶⣽⣆⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣽ ⠀⢀⣀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠂⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣦⣿⣤⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣦⣿⣯⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠙⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠻⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠖⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠠⣽⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠈⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣶⣤⢰⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣦⢻⣿⢹⣶⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⢻⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢹⣿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠋⠘⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠛⢛⣯⣾⣿⣛⣋⣀⡀⠛⠛⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡟⠘⠛⠐⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 607 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/IRC_Proceedings_Sunday_November_17_2024.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/IRC_Proceedings_Sunday_November_17_2024.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, November 17, 2024⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Two_men_run_in_golden_hour_sunrise⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #techrights_log #boycottnovell_log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log #techbytes_log =============================================================================== The corresponding text-only bulletins for_Tux_Machines and for_Techrights contain all the text. Enter_the_IRC_channels_now ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⠂⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠁⠁⠁⠘⠉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠘⠿⠿⠿⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⢩⠊⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠟⠻⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠁⠀⠙⠿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠒⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠲⣮⣉⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⢀⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠹⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠜⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣃⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 833 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/LLMs_Are_Not_a_Form_of_Intelligence_They_Never_Will_Be.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/LLMs_Are_Not_a_Form_of_Intelligence_They_Never_Will_Be.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ LLMs Are Not a Form of Intelligence (They Never Will Be)⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024, updated Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Butterfly⦈_ Butterflies are smarter than "chatGPT"; they actually have smarts, not oversized tables correlating strings THE LLM_'fatigue' (growing frustration with the false promise of LLMs) isn't something that will go away. Many people assume that LLMs just need more time (and datacentres) and somehow some "magic" will come along. People who naively assume this typically don't understand how LLMs work, or worse, they are constantly being lied to with assistance of media hacks (paid parrots of companies like Microsoft). They hear new buzzwords like "uber" and "super" and "hyper" intelligence (pure marketing by a hyped-up Sam Altman, a creation of PR cults) while Microsoft shuffles brands, increments numbers, adds pluses to them etc. LLMs_are_not_intelligent*. They're not even "AI". They're a sophisticated form of plagiarism that messes around with the concept of "fair use" to make their misuse seem acceptable, fair, even legal. Thinking a bit deeply about LLM-generated online slop and how to cope with slop (even social control media is targeted by it, according to Facebook's founder), it's a bit like a virus that kills its host and may eventually go extinct by destroying all carriers. It seems many news sites (so far) that resorted to LLM 'experiments' become self-deprecating and eventually vanish, giving way to honest ones. Over the past few months we kept calling out some "Linux" sites for using LLMs for fake content. All of them have mostly stopped doing so, probably due to this backlash. The response was gradual. Sites that make it known they're just some junk made by LLMs will lose almost all their audience, in due course... "There are trolls posting slop everywhere," an associate told me last week, "like they perceive it to be the best thing since sliced bread. I suspect the main goal is to pump and dump some LLM-related stock investments and they are indifferent to the harm done to the various forums, it is outside the scope of their interests." (We've witnessed some of those impacted; they're still recovering and catching up with the problem) "There were some recent articles about how LLMs cannot scale. They don't get better with more stolen material, and on top of that there is no more material to steal. They've more or less gotten it all." 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sam_Altman:_The_company_I_run_loses_30_billion_dollars_in_4 years,_so_it's_worth_over_150_billion⦈_ "LLMs don't work for what people really want to use them for. They are not AI. Throwing more electricity at the problem won't help either." But that keeps the bubble from imploding. It keeps the vapourware going. 'Open'AI [sic] now admits_it'll_be_somewhere_around_30_billion_dollars_in cumulative_losses within a couple of years. That's totally not sustainable, but hype profiteers/opportunists like NVIDIA and Microsoft keep throwing money at 'Open'AI [sic]; if 'Open'AI [sic] files for bankruptcy (as it should), it'll really hurt sales at NVIDIA and Microsoft and cast a shadow on every other company that says it offers "AI". █ ____ * People who manually adjust the output of LLM prompting/queries - like workers in Kenya who got paid only 2 bucks an hour - are a source of intelligence, but they are human operators with brains, mostly meant to prevent racist output that's a PR headache or chatbots telling users to kill themselves (without actually comprehending that they do so). ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⡶⣲⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠘⠛⠛⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡄⠀⠠⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢿⡿⠛⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠦⠈⠛⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣤⣀⣤⣤⣄⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣤⠝⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣦⣠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠏⠀⠀⠀⠆⠙⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣼⣿⣿⣀⣀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⣠⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣷⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢶⡘⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠰⢤⣄⡀⡀⠳⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⢰⠈⠉⣓⠀⠙⢧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⢤⣄⣀⠀⠒⠶⠀⠉⠐⠀⠘⢷⡀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠐⠡⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠉⠻⢿⡿⣿⣷⣦⡈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠐⢉⠂⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠘⢳⣤⣸⣻⣶⣥⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠛⠿⢷⣦⡘⠆⡀⠫⢏⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⣬⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣀⣀⣀⣬⣽⣷⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣤⣴⣿⣤⣧⣿⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡈⠉⠉⠉⡍⠁⠍⡅⢨⠈⠁⣿⠉⡍⡉⠏⡁⢬⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠈⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⢰⡀⢃⠀⡀⡇⢸⠀⡀⣿⡀⢃⣇⢠⡇⠺⢀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⢛⡻⠛⢿⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⡟⣿⠻⢛⠻⠻⠛⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠹⣿⣿⡇⠠⠄⠁⠀⢸⡇⢀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠙⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⠁⢀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠉⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠋⠙⠛⠀⠀⠔⠂⠘⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣟⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣄⣀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⡄⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠰⣿⠋⠥⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠹⣿⡇⠀⡧⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠹⣿⠀⢹⣿⣽⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠘⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣾⣿⡿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣼⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣴⣶⠦⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢠⣴⣀⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠙⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1015 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Market_Share_of_Vista_11_Said_to_be_Going_Down_in_Europe.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Market_Share_of_Vista_11_Said_to_be_Going_Down_in_Europe.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Market Share of Vista 11 Said to be Going Down in Europe⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Two_deer_in_the_woods⦈_ The relative share of Vista 11 is down_by_about_1.5%_this_month (compared to other versions of Windows) Vista 11 is probably the most disastrous version of Windows, perhaps except for "ME" (which was short-lived). It was impulsively vomited out by Microsoft at a time it was desperate to distract from several simultaneously-spreading (and "viral") scandals. It was just a fake "leak" of an in-house build or Vista 10 with some GUI changes, i.e. it would represent fragmentation with no practical benefits and possibly worse patches (hence riskier to adopt or "upgrade" to). The only reason Vista 11 got any share (or any "traction" at all) is that people buy new PCs - as the old ones 'break' sometimes (Windows breaks) - and the OEMs have secret deals with Microsoft; they're likely to get penalised for not pre-loading all these PCs with Vista 11. No monopoly? Then no 'discounts'... The numbers from Europe are interesting as they either represent a "Correction" (bad data, exaggerating in Microsoft's favour) or "Escape" from Microsoft. Looking at countries like the Czech_Republic, Germany, and Austria (one particular cluster), GNU/Linux grows, but the above erosion of Vista 11 "share" isn't related to that. That's just its share relative to other versions of Windows. So one plausible explanation is that gs.statcounter.com is actually misreporting the share of Vista 11, claiming that it's higher than it really is. Microsoft loves citing these numbers as 'evidence' that Vista 11 is doing well, even if a year after its release only about 2% of Windows users 'upgraded' to it. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠂⠒⡀⠾⡛⢶⣰⣿⣿⣿⡿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠟⠁⠀⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⡿⢆⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⠜⠁⡅⢀⠁⢀⣀⣊⡵⣄⣤⣟⣿⣦⣙⣥⠍⣛⣓⢙⠻⣿⠴⠀⣶⣿⡒⣿⣿⡥⠕⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⢹⣉⠛⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠤⢸⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣇⣠⢀⣛⡞⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠟⠥⢰⡷⣾⠏⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣳⣇⢴⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠬⣀⡄⠀⣀⣆⠀⠀⠈⠁⢿⣿⣿⣟⣼⡟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣄⣨⣕⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣛⣿⢶⠉⣽⣯⣜⣾⢛⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠒⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣸⡿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠿⢴⠛⠁⢰⣶⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣼⣿⣿⡿⢿⡽⢽⣹⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠜⢿⣟⠇⠚⠁⠛⢛⣽⠻⡶⢭⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣴⣠⣀⣀⠠⢤⣾⡟⢻⣿⣾⣿⣿⠷⢤⡂⠀⠀⢛⢛⡇⠁⠀⠀⠁⠸⣿⣿⡗⠇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⢿⣄⠺⠿⠛⠙⠋⠁⠈⠙⠓⡨⠁⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⢟⡡⠀⠀⠀⢉⣩⠀⠠⠖⢙⡧⠀⠀ ⣤⣽⣿⠿⠟⠛⠚⢸⣇⣷⣞⣿⣿⣷⡟⠀⡈⠛⢳⣰⣿⣿⣷⠀⠠⠀⠀⡀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢔⣲⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠵⠂⠘⠛⠿⠛⠉⠁⠂⠀⣐⡲⣬⠉⠋⠀⢸⠧⠀⠀ ⡟⢿⣿⣶⣶⠿⣿⣾⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢂⣰⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢚⣧⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢾⠆⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠈⠳⢥⠄⡀⠀⠒⠋⠁⡓⠂⣒⡒⢰⣿⣥⣦⠄ ⠀⠊⠌⠛⠓⡬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣀⣸⣿⣿⣯⡥⠀⠀⠀⡈⠟⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠰⠛⠂⠜⠓⠈⠁⠺⠋⠘⢠⠀ ⣴⣷⣿⣷⣟⠋⣹⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣯⠁⠀⠂⠁⠗⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠠⠀⠀⠰⣴⡄⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⠢⣤⣠⣁ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣄⡼⢟⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠩⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⢤⣄⡀⠔⢲⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⠠⢄⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢶⡅⢘⠃⠀⠲⠂⠀⠘⠋⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⣤⣷⡾⠟ ⣹⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣀⣰⢝⣽⠽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠹⣯⢼⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⡃⠿⣿⣿⡷⠂⠀⢰⠀⠀⣢⠀⠀⢀⣄⢹⠾⣽⠂⡄⣂⡴⡄⢠⣄⠠⢠⡄⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣸⣶⣾⣿⠿⢷ ⣿⣾⡀⠈⣹⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣷⣬⣴⣾⣿⣗⣍⣗⢋⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⡊⠈⠀⠀⠌⡧⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢱⣧⣤⣽⡿⠛⠻⠇⠀⠋⠀⠀⢻⠃⣦⠀⠠⠀⠘⢸⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠿⠝⠯⢀⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢷⣾⣾⣻⡻⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⡀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣿⣶⣀⣼⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠙⡛⠳⢄⠀⡄⠀⠸⠳⠀⢸⠇⠇⠀⠀⡀⢀⣻⣿⠀⠀⢠⡌⣮⡅⠀⢿⠠⠻⠄⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠿⣬⣾⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣵⣿⣿⣿⢉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣧⡂⠠⣿⢀⣰⣷⢮⣩⣿⠱⡆⠀⠔⠀⠀⢠⣇⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⡎⠀⠁⣿⡄⠙⠁⠀⡂⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣶⣽⣉⠻⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠟⠷⣆⠠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡦⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢀⡤⠒⠒⠚⠑⡦⣿⡿⣁⢠⣿⢧⣼⡇⣀⣀⠄ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣾⢟⣺⣿⣿⣿⣯⠝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢡⣿⣿⣿⣧⡤⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀⣸⣀⠀⠓⢶⣴⣷⡞⣺⣧⣿⣿⣾⣾⣧⣦⣄⣦ ⠃⣿⢿⣤⣠⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⣿⣇⣁⣼⣽⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣵⣤⠎⢀⠀⠰⠃⠀⣽⡭⢠⡰⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣲⣩⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣌⡉⠛⢛⣩⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⡐⠚⠓⠉⠉⢁⡀⢉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⣀⣠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠛ ⣿⣿⡛⡉⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣿⣿⣧⠀⠐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡿⣿⡟⢁⡄⠀⢀⠈⣏⣿⣧⣠⣾⣧⣤⣴⡴⠂⣾⣿⣿⣟⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠘⠈⠹⡀⠀⠁ ⣿⣩⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣽⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⡇⣰⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⡿⢻⠏⣔⣿⡽⠾⣾⡿⣛⠂⢄⡀⣀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣛⣻⣿⠿⢿⡿⠻⡤⣽⠁⠘⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⣩⠻⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⠏⠕⠉⠐⠀⠂⢸⣿⠰⠿⠿⠿⣿⣟⣛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠚⢻⣿⣟⠛⠓⠀⣈⣾⡇⢙⠧⠀⠀⠃⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠩⢐⣿⣿⡛⡤⣿⣿⣿⡃⠈⠁⠀⠀⠠⣶⢨⡝⠃⠀⠡⢤⢴⠖⠚⢁⡀⡆⠥⠦⠀⠤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⠿⣉⢀⡞⣾⣭⠁⢀⠁⣿⣏⠀⠄⣀⡤⠀⠲⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣋⣶⢂⣰⣟⣿⣯⣿⣯⢿⠿⠝⠢⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣽⠄⠀⢀⠻⠐⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠒⠃⠀⠀ ⢿⠿⠟⠓⢿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣛⡻⣂⠁⢷⠎⠉⠹⠴⠿⠀⠀⢾⡿⣏⣛⡓⠙⣟⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣨⠁⣈⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣯⠅⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣿⡴⠆⠀⣀⠰⠀⢀⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀ ⠈⠤⠄⠀⠀⣠⠏⠉⣋⢿⡧⠌⢿⣯⣡⣀⠨⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣬⡓⣾⣭⠡⢲⡿⠢⢙⣭⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣯⡟⣙⠉⠈⠉⢻⣦⣄⢥⣶⣿⣾⣿⣦⣔⣼⣿⣹⣷⣾⣿⣷⣠⣶⣷⣦⣽⣷ ⠃⠀⢀⣀⣼⠿⠎⠀⢀⣼⣥⣼⡟⣿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠚⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠰⠀⠙⢻⣿⡿⡷⠠⠿⣟⠛⠙⠟⢿⠿⠳⡷⢄⣤⣀⣷⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⠻⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠟⠿⢿⢻ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1093 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Over_at_Tux_Machines.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Over at Tux Machines...⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇An_intense_look_between_cat_and_dog_(best_friends)⦈_ ⚓ Updated This Past Day⠀⇛ 1. ⚓ Linux_Kernel_6.12_Officially_Released,_This_Is_What’s_New⠀⇛ Linus Torvalds announced today the release and general availability of Linux kernel 6.12, the latest stable version of the Linux kernel that introduces several new features and improvements. ⚓ New⠀⇛ 2. ⚓ Archinstall_3.0_Arch_Linux_Menu-Based_Installer_Is_Here_with_a_Revamped Interface⠀⇛ The Archinstall 3.0 Arch Linux menu-based installer has been released today as a major milestone that brings a revamped interface and various other enhancements. ⚓ New⠀⇛ 3. ⚓ GNU/Linux_and_Other_Operating_Systems⠀⇛ today's leftovers, mostly from Medevel 4. ⚓ Programming_Leftovers⠀⇛ Development centric picks 5. ⚓ Chrome's_new_features_and_Slackware_on_Chromium_source_tarball availability⠀⇛ Chromium news of sorts 6. ⚓ Hardware_Hacking_and_OpenProject_on_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ Open Hardware/Modding stuff 7. ⚓ Presenting_privact_at_KDE_Akademy_and_Clock_from_the_KDE_Community⠀⇛ Some KDE news 8. ⚓ Audiocasts/Shows:_This_Week_in_Linux,_mintCast,_and_The_Linux_Link_Tech Show⠀⇛ 3 new episodes 9. ⚓ First_Look_at_GenBook_RK3588,_a_Modular_ARM-Powered_Linux_Laptop_That Can_Easily_be_Upgraded⠀⇛ support for Debian, Ubuntu, or other GNU/Linux distributions 10. ⚓ today's_howtos⠀⇛ only 5 more for now 11. ⚓ People_in_the_'80s_Thought_Unix_Would_Take_Over._Here's_Why_They_Were Right⠀⇛ Why Unix Was Growing in the '80s 12. ⚓ Android_Leftovers⠀⇛ 9 Things to Do When You Get a New Android Phone 13. ⚓ Stable_kernels:_Linux_6.11.9,_Linux_6.6.62,_Linux_6.1.118,_Linux 5.15.173,_Linux_5.10.230,_Linux_5.4.286,_and_Linux_4.19.324⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 6.11.9 kernel 14. ⚓ Security_and_Windows_TCO⠀⇛ lots of Windows TCO examples 15. ⚓ today's_leftovers⠀⇛ GNU/Linux focus 16. ⚓ Automotive_Grade_Linux_(AGL)_and_Open_Hardware⠀⇛ mostly the latter 17. ⚓ Programming_Leftovers⠀⇛ Programming related picks 18. ⚓ today's_howtos⠀⇛ modest batch of howtos 19. ⚓ Major_Overhaul:_OpenWrt_Adopts_Alpine’s_APK_as_New_Package_Manager⠀⇛ Starting in November 2024, OpenWrt's snapshots and future stable builds will replace OPKG with APK for better package management 20. ⚓ Orange_Pi_4A_low-cost_octa-core_SBC_is_powered_by_Allwinner_T527 Cortex-A55_AI_SoC_with_a_2TOPS_NPU⠀⇛ Orange Pi says the 4A SBC supports Ubuntu, Debian, and Android 13 21. ⚓ Free_and_Open_Source_Software⠀⇛ This is free and open source software 22. ⚓ 5_Alternative_Podcast_Clients_for_Linux⠀⇛ Looking to bring your podcast library to your GNU/Linux desktop? 23. ⚓ Automatic_Tiling_Added_to_’Tiling_Shell’_GNOME_Extension_-_OMG! Ubuntu⠀⇛ you can switch between different layouts ad-hoc 24. ⚓ Today_in_Techrights⠀⇛ Some of the latest articles 25. ⚓ Debian,_Ubuntu,_and_FSF⠀⇛ today's leftovers 26. ⚓ Security_Leftoveers⠀⇛ Security picks 27. ⚓ Programming_and_Standards_Leftovers⠀⇛ Programming mostly 28. ⚓ OpenSUSE_is_Rebranding_(SUSE_is_Forcing_It_to),_Tumbleweed_Review⠀⇛ some SUSE picks 29. ⚓ Red_Hat_on_Security,_Paid-for_Puff_Pieces,_and_Promotion_of_Microsoft_ (Even_Proprietary_Software_and_Surveillance_by_Microsoft)⠀⇛ Red Hat is losing its soul 30. ⚓ This_Week_in_GNOME_#174_Choosing_Formats⠀⇛ Update on what happened across the GNOME project in the week from November 08 to November 1 ========================================================================= The corresponding text-only bulletin for Sunday contains all the text. 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We would not be asking these difficult questions if there were not an unease or problem in the air. What is the deep problem that has "gone wrong" with our technology that a reappraisal of responsibility might help to repair? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇gone_wrong⦈_ In the last part we examined why technology is not, and never has been, a neutral pursuit for dispassionate scientists and engineers just trying to make the world better. That idea owes more to what rationalism borrowed from the Crusades. It is a "spreading of the word by fire and the sword". The idea of "a right way of doing things". A 'right' way of being. Postmodernism questioned that. Threatened and upset by this, authoritarianism snapped back with a vengeance. Systems that learn, humans, neural networks, and institutions, have an unfortunate failure mode in which preference becomes habit, habit becomes truth and "truth" becomes a prison that prevents any new thoughts and growth from emerging. We get stuck on a local_minima for improvement and start saying really silly things like "history_has_ended", because we lack imagination of the future. To twist the words of Einstein and Peter Deutsch; to know is human, to imagine is divine. And imagination is much, much more than hallucinating from a soup of prior experience. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Einstein⦈_ In our stuckness, a possibility once becomes a necessity forever. We ossify. Our minds grow from something like a sapling with immense suppleness and flexibility into a solid tree, brittle and set in its ways. A tree that will snap in the wind. It's why we need a young generation to come along and prune- back what we've built every so often. However, our youth are presently stuck, frozen in fear and contradiction. Last week more than half of Americans voted in a government which is the very model of entrenched contradiction. It claims to champion everyman interests against patrician institutional power, but its new high-priests of the techno- religious order, who promise a Utopian "singularity", deliver only division, alienation and unemployment. A coalition of entertainment and propaganda moguls like Bezos, Zuckerberg, and Musk are more obdurate to popular voices than the simulation of democracy they intend to sweep away. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇propaganda⦈_ That outcome was surely a feat of technological propaganda by corporate-owned social control media from which people are now turning_away_in_disgust. But Media outlets like the Guardian seem a little late and a more than a little hypocritical in shunning emerging US technofascism and the use of communications technology to foment violence and turmoil. Since 2014, with the appointment of ex-Google David Gehring and Rachel White to help "build Silicon Valley relationships" and a Digital_News_Initiative, The Guardian have cheered on the shenanigans of Meta, Apple, Microsoft and every other tech-giant stealing the lunch of journalists and creatives. Boycotting 'X' now, seems a desperate and empty gesture. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇shenanigans⦈_ To my mind, all of this misuse of communicaton technology amounts to a debasement of science. Einstein had a question that I always found more interesting than General Relativity; whether humans can survive technology? Science in the untainted hands of a child has infinite curiosity. In the hands of an adult, wracked by fear of mortality and shame, it becomes a "civilising force" through which nature can be brought under control and "other-thinking" primitives and savages must be "brought up to date" and thus "saved". It becomes technofascism, poetically described_here. Truth, whether obtained from prophets, books or particle accelerators has always had a certain, shall we say "righteous totalising" tendency. Being Right; the STEM academic's disease that affects us as climate and technology activists as much as it affects greedy industrialists, is seductive. That's something Heidegger understood but admitted was so powerful a path he could not save himself from his fate as a regretful Nazi sympathiser. It sucks you in, knowledge, power and a sense of riding a wave of 'progress' in some 'great historical moment'. We become part of the "chosen ones" and suffer tunnel vision that blinds our peripheral senses, making us less tolerant and less compassionate. People must "get with modernity" or be ridiculed, marginalised, and eventually if not "cooperative", eliminated. In the current formulation, those who willingly surrender their privacy, dignity and autonomy to the New Digital Fatherland are superior and 'modern'. They "accept the new reality". They are "harmonised". However, most of us with our mouths shut are just pretending to hum along in the choir. Those quiet, obedient, "Good_Germans" will not rock the boat of Volksgemeinschaft realised in the happy-clappy cult of social-control media and ubiquitous "convenience". 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇convenience⦈_ As scientists we built telescopes to gaze at the infinity of the universe and microscopes to see the smallest things. There is a common-sense idea that using instruments to measure things reveals more of the universe and so expands our vision. But the philosopher Husserl (and his students like Arendt, Heidegger, Klein, and Koyre) saw science in a different way, and their thinking about "phenomenology" is relevant today. Tech critique is an urgent and topical project far, far beyond the selfish labour relations of the Luddites, the angry madness of Theodore Kaczynski, or the loving comedy of Bill Hicks and George Carlin. We must not be ashamed to dive into it, and most especially encourage our fellow scientists, engineers and developers to do so. Husserl's phenomenologists argued that instead of expanding our understanding, technology actually narrows it. We see less and less of reality and more and more of our instruments and theories. With social control media we see more and more of ourselves in the black mirror, and like Narcissus we are stuck. Our experience of being, indeed all experience is killed. The writer Max_Frisch thought technology is "the knack of so arranging the world that we don't have to experience it." If you think about your phone that's so obviously true. You want to go places and see them but instead you stare at maps or through your screen to photograph things. You want to date and feel love, but encounter extraordinary weirdness, lies and false faces in all the other "humans" (are they?) it connects you with. You seek knowledge but find paywalls, subscriptions and adverts. The whole experience of a smartphone seems to frustrate and obviate every one of its ostensible functions. You pick it up wanting to feel good and whole, and throw it down feeling doom-raped and disgusted with yourself and the world. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇phone⦈_ Of course the device itself is a miracle. It's a triumph of human achievement. All human achievement; including our dark and dangerous ones. They lurk in the design of interaction, in the network of companies and directing minds behind the device, and the sketchy provenance of the information it connects you to. They compose a hurt-locker of human frailty, jealousy, insecurity, deviousness and deviance, wired up on a one-click hair-trigger. It is a child's toy box filled with kaleidoscopes and dolls, but also sharp knives, loaded mouse-traps and poison bottles. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇poison_bottles⦈_ Why did we make such a thing? Erich Fromm, Lewis Mumford, Neil Postman and Heidegger himself expressed the reason in slightly different ways - but the reason is that "there is no reason". "Instrumental technology" is a tool without a task. A solution looking for problems. It is a way of seeing, or framing "reality" but we don't know what we're doing with it. There is no plan. We have a vague idea that it is a "means to an end" without ever having asked what that end is. The current version of the operating manual for technology says something like: "Feed your technology money. Let it be. Technology that consumes and excretes more money will prosper and favour its kindred and offspring." This is an elegant idea given some very naive assumptions; * all technology is an unqualified good * there are natural bounds and rate limitations * technology does not compete with humanity Look around the world, and please raise your hand if you think these conditions hold? This is what governments of the "west" have decided is the best way to deal with the complexity of progress. I say that it is the ultimate betrayal of reason and responsibility. A cowardly cop-out. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇west⦈_ Technology has no essential purpose except to evolve itself. But having believed that there is an end, we then make ourselves the pliable subject of a supposed deal or bargain with technology. Things are in the saddle and ride man, says Emerson. We reify ourselves, as Fromm says, and fall (in Postman's terms) into abject submission before technology. The irony is that all the while we believe we are powerful. We believe that the technology gives us "control". We believe we are "connected", but little do users know that their "community of folk" is an algorithmically created bubble designed top trap and feed them spew in return for advertising clicks. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇control⦈_ Of course all this seems Faustian, but it is worse. Faust at least has a chance to "trick the devil", because he knows what he wants. Technologically bewildered man has no redemption and is on a path to nihilism and madness. It's a neurotic and restless path, forver seeking "the new", constantly shaping and reshaping the world, restructuring, tearing down, rebuilding, but without moving forwards. In Ray Bradbury's "The Martian Chronicles" the settlers from Earth are lured to their deaths by telepathic Martians who project each settlers expectations and desires of a perfect comfort (Mars_is_Heaven!) which includes ressurected family members and idyls of bucolic American life. Mind control is always more effective with carrots than sticks. As a narcotic for deceptive psycops, technology is a tool, or weapon, which if we allow it to be wielded by the bewildered, the selfish and deceitful rather than the wise and open, will serve all of humanity very badly. Technologists are therefore not the wisest or best people to decide about the biiger picture of how technology should be used. On the contrary, most of us computer scientists lack elementary political and cultural_sense. Like his cohorts in the US today, Elon Musk and the other "tech bro" wannabe "leaders" lack essential humility and humanity. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇leaders⦈_ Where do we start on the road to responsibility? Devaluing of the arts and humanities, particularly history, literature and philosophy - essential as a balance for human-centric tech progress - is something we must correct. For most of history our moral schisms appeared around military technology. In a classic comment by Mikhail_Kalashnikov and the recent film adaptation of J._Robert_Oppenheimer's life we see the ancient tension at play. In the 1930s Huxley anticipated the pharmaceutical dimensions of violence. But things got much more muddied in the last 20 years. Many technologies assumed to be socially good for their "connecting" value, or at least nominally neutral, have turned out to be very problematic. For example; "social media" has effectively destroyed the social. It may have destroyed democracy. This accompanies a militarisation of civil space since the Internet, originally a DARPA project, inducted many of its values silently into everyday life. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇social_media⦈_ On top of that, as business ran out of new things to do and make, they shifted toward a cannibalistic culture of "surveillance capitalism", antithetical_to democracy, which has weaponised practically all digital technology against the people and lent tacit approval to the violation of privacy for profit. Runaway compound effects have made people with control of digital systems able to gather even_more_power to shape the direction of development to their favour. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇surveillance_capitalism⦈_ It is therefore against this background of technology not just as an enabling tool - but a powerful weapon aimed against all of us - that we must consider rights and responsibilities. ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠊⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣳⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣷⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣾⣿⠛⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠎⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠉⠈⠉⠁⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⠿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣔⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡄⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣤⠲⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠹⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⡿⣆⣀⠀⠀⠙⠲⡄⢠⣀⠾⠿⣶⣤⢿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠻⡀⠻⢿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣟⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣦⣀⣠⠄⠀⠙⢣⡤⠀⠀⠁⠀⢰⡻⣿⡇⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣾⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⢿⣇⠼⠟⠿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣷⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣼⣧⢀⠑⠈⠀⣤⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⠄⢼⣿⡿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣼⠋⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡿⢯⠿⠄⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠛⢹⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠘⠉⢹⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠉⠹⠃⠸⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⣞⣿⣿⢹⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘⠤⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢠⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠉⠙⢿⠿⣿⣿⣯⣸⣷⠴⠆⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠇⢻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡿⠛⠀⠳⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡀⠁⢉⣈⢻⡿⠟⣙⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠠⠙⠷⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣹⡀⠀⠀⠈⣱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠰⣿⣿⠇⠀⢀⣹⡀⠀⠀⢀⣡⡈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣉⠘⢿⣷⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⢻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⡄⠐⣈⠛⣤⠀⢀⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣤⣶⣿⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠰⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠐⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠈⠃⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⡟⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠈⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠻⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⣴⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡔⠒⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⡇⠀⠁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⣼⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⣿⠿⣿⠛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⣸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢿⡿⠏⠀⠀⢠⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣾⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣽⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣛⣿⡟⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⣿⣿⠏⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢋⠿⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠈⣿⣯⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢿⡿⠿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⢸ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣯⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡟⠸⡿⠟⠿⠟⠛⠃⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠤⠉⠛⠙⣿⠟⢤⣝⣿⣟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣯⡅⠉⠀⠙⠋⠙⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⣄⣠⠾⠿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⣀⠀⠷⠀⢛⡀⢰⡟⣻⠀⠀⠀⣛⠓⠀⠀⣈⠛⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⠠⣤⡉⠚⡽⠣⠀⠀⣀⢤⡆⠦⠉⠂⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⢁⠁⢺⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⣄⣤⣤⢀⡈⠄⠀⠀⠘⠉⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⣠⣾⣧⣤⠀⠀⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠛⣿⣿⣟⠉⣐⠗⣙⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠄⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢤⡂⠸⣟⣙⣿⣿⠿⣦⣼⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡿⠿⠋⠀⠤⢀⡀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠁⠎⠛⣯⠽⡐⠦⠼⣲⠽⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣆⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠂⠀⠁⠀⠉⢉⡉⣍⠁⠸⡿⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⣦⣴⣤⢠⣄⣘⠓⡆⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢻⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⣡⠤⠤⠤⠤⣤⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⢤⠂⠘⡓⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣹⡉⠋⠞⠛⠝⠁⢠⡉⠠⣧⣴⡆⠀⡀⢲⡶⠈⠀⠃⢘⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⠖⠀⣠⡀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣶⣒⣒⡦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠣⠾⢡⣾⣧⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡈⠀⠂⠀⠠⠀⠀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢰⣿⠆⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⢻⣾⡿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣟⡀⠉⠀⠒⢿⢿⢇⡀⣀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿ ⠀⡈⠉⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢠⠹⠌⣿⢠⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⡰⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠛⠙⠛⣳⠈⠀⣸⣷⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡾⣿⣿ ⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⠀⣿⡆⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣠⣱⣿⣗⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⢿⣿⠷⠙⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣮⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢩⡍⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣻⣬⠛⣀⠘⣿ ⠤⣀⠀⠀⠨⠇⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢀⡀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢿⣿⣅⢲⣦⣄⠿ ⠀⡈⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⣟⢿⣷⣿⣿⠰⣿⣷⣾⣿⢰⣻⣿⣿⠹⣽⡟⣽⣿⡏⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠠⠀⢀⠀⠀⠸⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢰⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⡿⡏⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣸⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⠸⠙⠖⢾⣷⣶⣸⡿⠿⠙⢀⣴⠄⣸⣷⣶⣾⣟⣟ ⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠈⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣐⡗⡂⠀⠁⡈⢿⣇⠻⣏⣼ ⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠘⠿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡾⣾⣿⣿⣯⡄⠻⢿ ⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⢠⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⡅⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿ ⣄⣀⡀⠀⠾⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠡⡄⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⡠⡆⠀⠀⠀⢈⣥⣤⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣯⣤⣄⣤⡀⠀⢶⠘⣿⣷⡄⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⣿⣭⣿⢩⣽⡏⡟⢹⣭⣽⡍⣿⢩⣿⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡉⠀⡄⠀⣦⣶⣯⢒⢤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠇⢨⣹⢫⣿⣻⠄⠹⠇⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡃⠀⢸⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⡇⣠⢸⡏⣿⣷⣿⣨⣿⣯⣽⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣇⢰⣦⡴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢱⣀⣽⣰⣖⣾⡆⢀⡀⠐⣿⡾⠀⢄⣤⣤⠀⠀⢼⣿⢸⣿⣿⣜⣹⣇⣛⣷⣿⣿⣇⣛⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢐⣷⠨⠉⠀⠙⡿⢿⣿⠌⠀⠸⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠃⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⡀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠘⢋⣿⣿⣏⠉⠳⣮⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠘⠛⣻⣿⣭⢟⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀⠀⠠⠀⠙⠁⠘⠳⠀⠀⢤⡄⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⣸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⠘⠋⠀⠠⠀⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠚⠏⠐⠂⡖⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⢗⢠⣤⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢻⡻⣾⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡾⠏⠺⠚⣿⡿⠡⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠺⣧⡥⠋⢀⠀⠀⠘⣾⡃⣿⣇⡹⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠰⢴⠈⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠟⠃⣿⣿⢿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠒⠓⠀⠀⠨⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠿⢸⣿⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⣴⣟⣐⡀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠀⠀⠀⢷⣾⢸⣿⡌⠉⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠈⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⡀⠈⠻⣶⣶⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠈⠳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠛⢶⣼⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢁⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢹⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢑⣿⣷⠄⠀⠻⠿⢋⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡇⣶⣶⣿⣄⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⠿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣟⣿⢨⡿⣻⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣇⣿⠠⣿⢹⣷⣿⣷⣬⣛⣿⠰⣿⢹⣇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠈⠉⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠓⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢛⣛⣛⡉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⠀⠺⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⠀⢀⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⠉⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡆⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣟⡉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣶⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣘⣟⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⣄⣛⣋⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡀⣫⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠺⢿⣿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡇⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠉⢘⣿⣿⣷⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢹⢃⡉⠟⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠈⠉⢛⡛⠉⠀⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠇⠀⠀⠙⠛⢻⡇⠀⠸⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠋⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠾⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠀⠉⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠋⠙⠙⠂⣩⣍⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⡀⠀⠀⡀⢶⠀⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢠⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⢀⣀⣀⠀⡀⠀⠉⢉⡉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⢉⣙⣟⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣛⣋⣉⢀⣀⣤⠉⢛⣀⣼⣄⣽⣿⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣹⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣴⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣆⣹⣷⣾⣿⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢰⣦⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⢀⣴⣤⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⡿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢴⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⠐⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣦⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣯⡁⠀⠀⠰⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣼⡿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣬⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⢸⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⡀⠀⠁⢀⣿⣿⣿⡀⠈⠭⠿⠿⠿⠦⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣶⣤⣴⣿⣿⠻⠯⠼⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢦⡤⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣦⠁⣮⡝⢣⣬⣿⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣷⣔⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣆⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢿⡿⠀⠹⢟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠃⠈⢻⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠻⠗⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠀⡛⡛⠋⠋⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⠈⢿⠘⢻⣿⣿⡿⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠛⠃⢀⠀⠙⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠚⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠉⠉⠀⠤⠤⠤⠶⠶⢶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣴⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣤⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣄⣠⣤⡆⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠄⣠⣄⣀⣀⣠⡄⠀⢰⣦⣤⣤⣦⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⣷⠼⠿⣷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢸⣏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠞⠀⢀⠃⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⠏⢡⠟⠀⠀⠀⠙⠵⠉⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢻⡌⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⢠⡏⣾⣷⠉⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢠⠂⠀⣾⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣌⢻⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⣻⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⡄⠀⢋⠀⣼⢿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠏⠉⠀⠹⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣅⢀⣠⣾⣾⡿⠚⢁⠀⠐⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠟⠃⠠⢶⣦⣀⡀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣀⢄⣈⣭⣽⡿⢶⣦⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠉⠛⠉⠛⠋⠀⢹⡻⣿⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⣿⣶⣄⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠘⣿⠐⠿⢶⠟⠁⣟⢇⠀⢰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡟⡼⠃⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠹⡣⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠑⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠋⠈⢁⠄⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢕⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⢋⣠⣀⢈⣴⣆⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⢿⣿⢽⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⡁⣸⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡎⣠⣿⣗⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣀⣛⣛⣋⣩⣭⣭⣭⣽⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣩⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣦⠀⠀⢰⣷⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⢿⡆⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣾⣟⣉⣉⣿⡟⠉⠉⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⡉⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⣿⣶⢼⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡤⢉⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠉⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠿⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⣼⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠂⠨⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣧⣄⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⣀⡀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢷⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡾⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢆⣀⣤⣴⣶⣾⣷⣶⣦ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠃⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⠀⠀⠀⢠⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣀⣰⣶⣤⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⡟⣫⣙⢻⢻⣿⢻⣿⡿⠙⣿⠋⣍⢻⠏⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⡠⣌⡡⣄⡠⣄⠠ ⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣇⠻⢟⣸⡘⠿⣸⣿⢁⣁⢸⢠⣦⢸⠀⠶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⡿⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢹⡀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠃⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣍⢺⢨⣭⡟⢸⢠⡙⢸⠰⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣤⣴⣶⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠞⠁⢙⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⡾⢾⣷⡾⢷⣶⡶⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣾⡁⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⢐⡒⢼⢐⣒⡇⣶⣶⡏⢴⣶⢸⢐⡂⢼⢰⣶⢸⢀⣛⡇⢼⡆⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣵⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣼⣬⣭⣿⣮⣵⣿⣦⣵⣿⣾⣿⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⡀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣄⣠⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⡀⠀⣀⣀⡠⣄⣀⠀⠀⠠⠠⡀⡀⢠⡀⡄⡄⣄⢠⡤⢤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠟⢻⣿⢻⠙⣙⢉⢉⣈⡉⣉⢈⡉⠉⡉⢉⢁⡉⡀⡉⢀⠉⠉⠈⡉⠉⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡠⡄⢠⠤⢤⣄⡤⣤⣆⡆⠀⠀⠀⠟⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⠁⠘⠈⠊⠉⠑⠉⠊⠀⠁⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠁⠀⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2115 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Windows_at_1.shtml Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2024/11/18/Windows_at_1.gmi ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Windows at 1%⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024, updated Nov 18, 2024 Which_sometimes_happens: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Operating_System_Market_Share_Central_African_Republic⦈_ YESTERDAY we wrote about Android reaching 93% in Sudan, according_to statCounter_anyway (there are many caveats). If one wants to see Windows at a very low share, one should look at CAR. Windows is a dying breed there. But there's a more important point to be made. It's about what it means to revenue extracted from Windows, i.e. Microsoft's ability to pay salaries and keep the lights on. Microsoft's cash cow is monopoly rents and it's gradually losing these, in turn_replacing_them_with_fraud and vapourware (as debt skyrockets; Microsoft has long relied on bailouts of sorts). In the market share posts, one person said, it would be a good idea to resume adding the comment, each and every time Windows is below 80%, that monopoly rents are dependent on a monopoly which is in turn dependent on market share. Without the market share, the rents go away. The reason that is important is because about four fifths of the customer payments for Windows are due to monopoly rents. Without the market share, Microsoft Windows income goes down to a fifth of what it had been. We're already seeing signs of them having to cut way back because of that massive loss. statCounter shows Windows at all-time_lows_this_month. The way things are going, Microsoft is in trouble. How much longer can Microsoft rely on bailouts? Here's an article_from_Friday: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Biden_Asked_Microsoft_to_“Raise_the_Bar_on_Cybersecurity.” He_May_Have_Helped_Create_an_Illegal_Monopoly.⦈_ Quit throwing taxpayers' money at Microsoft, especially when it fails to fulfil basic needs and instead facilitates espionage_by_foreign_and_very_hostile nations. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⠻⠟⠓⠒⠒⠛⣛⡛⠿⠟⠛⠓⠚⢛⡿⠿⠛⠛⠟⠛⠻⠟⠓⢚⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⡛⡳⠶⢶⠖⣒⡒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠤⠐⠂⠉⠀⠀⣀⣰⣶⣶⣭⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢮⣥⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠄⠂⠉⠁⠀⢀⡀⠤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢡⣴⡂⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠤⣤⢶⡔⠚⠁⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠺⣯⣹⡏⣩⣽⣷⣿⢉⣾⠉⢹⣿⣿⢿⣇⣿⣿⢻⡏⣿⢉⣿⠽⣾⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡠⠤⠤⠶⠐⠶⠤⠢⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⣉⢈⠉⠉⡉⠉⠉⢉⢈⣉⠵⣿⠿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠈⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⠝⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⡉⠀⠒ ⡁⠀⢀⣀⡀⠤⢄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⡟⠉⠁⠀⢺⣲⣾⢾⡱⣏⣷⣭⣾⢚⣪⣏⣍⣿⣷⣯⠤⠐⠒⣒⡢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⠤⠒⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⠄⡪⠤⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢏⣵ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡼⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⢿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⢺⣿⡙⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⢿⢿⢿⡿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣿⡯⢿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣷⢺⠭⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡋⢹⡻⠛⠫⠼⠚⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣕⡟⠗⡁⡯⠌⢙⣳⣾⣿⣟⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⢩⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠙⢽⠭⡏⠀⠤⢤⡄⠀⢸⣿⣟⣷⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣟⣻⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⢀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣾⣶⣾⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡛⣻⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⢔⠀⡄⠠⢈⠅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡾⡏⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠸⢷⣾⣟⣿⠀ ⠀⢰⣶⣾⣦⣾⣤⢤⣤⡅⣴⡆⣤⣸⣤⡤⣤⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣆⠶⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡂⣨⡀⣟⣷⣦⠘⢛⢻⡿⢻⣛⡟⣟⠙⡛⡟⠿⠻⠟⣻⡿⢾⡐⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠜⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢿⠻⠀ ⠀⢈⡉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⢉⣉⡉⢉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⠬⠿⠁⠻⠿⠿⠿⠠⠀⠀⠾⠆⠤⠠⠦⠖⠶⠲⠧⠴⠶⠿⠇⠞⠏⠀⠞⠟⠁⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠖⠂⠄⠘⠓⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡷⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⢿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣶⣤⣤⣀⣰⣆⣀⣀⣠⡄⣆⣀⣀⢠⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠙⠓⠛⠛⠓⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠘⠛⠛⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⣏⣷⡶⣿⣦⣶⣶⢲⣦⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣗⣶⣚⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⡀⣘⣁⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⠯⠿⠯⠣⠿⠿⠾⠿⣿⠁⠿⠿⠿⠯⠟⠿⠇⢀⣠⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⣖⣖⣤⣲⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⢠⡖⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣨⣽⣯⣭⠙⠛⠛⠒⠶⠶⠦⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⢁⣉⡉⠉⠿⠉⠉⣉⠉⠈⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠒⠶⠶⠦⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣻⣷⣿⣸⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣹⣾⡷⣿⣾⡿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠙⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⣤⢰⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣴⣦⣤⡠⡤⣶⣤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣴⣤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠰⠶⠖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣤⣤⢠⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣠⢤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2254 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Gemini Links 18/11/2024: Degrowth and OpenBSD Fatigue⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_spotted_pot-bellied_pig_and_a_spotted_dog_standing together_in_the_yard_of_a_country_home.⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal/Opinions o Technology_and_Free_Software # Internet/Gemini # Programming * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾ # ⚓ The_damn_flu_still_don't_want_to_go_away,_its_now_about four_weeks_that_we_all_are_coughing...⠀⇛ The damn flu still don't want to go away, its now about four weeks that we all are coughing, sneezing and all in all being some degrees of miserable... The doc keeps saying that this is not unusual (but why did we never experience something like this before?) and we should just try to rest and relax. Well... we have no other options i guess... Regarding the recent election of Trump and our own little difficulties i calmed a bit down i guess, it is what it is... Will Trump burn everything down? I don't know, but he will surely be an agent of chaos... The political landscape here in Germany is also a big mess: While nearly every party tries to win voters back from the AfD (lets just say its our version of MAGA) by using their talking points but not by crafting another, more positive perspective for the future, the greens just voted for Habeck as their candidate... something they should have done before the last election, now it will just kill his political career. All in all i am pretty sure we will have a CDU lead government after the coming elections which means (as an best case scenario) four years of stalemate or in the worst case a massive step back regarding reforms. But, lets see what will happen... # ⚓ Better_and_worse_sources,_commonplace_books⠀⇛ Hmm... as I'm starting in my commonplace book adventures... (it's probably far too early to jump into conclusions but I want to write an entry) ... anyway... I'm starting to consider that some books are better for a commonplace book than others. So it can pay to pay attention when choosing your books, exploring them before delving in them. Generally, I'd be inclined to primary sources (what Plato actually wrote) rather than secondary sources (a history of philosophy boo). But I remember some "primary" authors can be incredibly boring (hi Kant) or really hard to read until you have actually learnt a good bunch of philosophical theory. Then a good secondary source can work wonders. # ⚓ Monday⠀⇛ Ah, it's good to be typing again! Grant it, there's nothing fulfilling in/about it. I almost always finish wishing I'd done something else. Except then also quickly realize I'd have felt the same regardless what I'd done. What I'd pursued. And I'm pretty sure that's because the ego game is in early stages of disintegration for "me". There's something about being (or, really, struggling to believe one is be-ing) one that *could* choose, and then actively perpetually imagines they're choosing (and then being either fulfilled or frustrated relative to desired outcome).. that wants to collapse into itself, as it were. It seems like something should be happening, and then something after that, it all that should be to - if not for! - said posited "me". Because.... well, because an individual/person/self is a something that anything but nothing happens to...? Anyway, this is just more of the same evidence of desperately struggling to hold onto the idea that a self could write words that other selves vibrate sympathetically with to the point of "getting each other", maybe to the point of organizing a community of even more such... and... and... (exhaustion begins setting in at the very thought (s)...). # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_BCDKURO_Wordo:_ISLET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Extemporeality_1⠀⇛ My best friend invited me to come out to his uncle's lake house, about an hour east of my place, on a Thursday night, and since I wasn't expecting to work the next day, I spent the night. He and I had some plans, so I immediately prepared myself for a kind of crazy evening. I talk about him a lot in my stories, so I should give him a name. His club nickname is Constable, so I'll refer to him as that. When I got there, he was just getting back to shore on his kayak, he was happy to see me. We had both been spending time out on that lake, exploring the western shore that had a very healthy and vibrant bog growing on it. Some of the most remarkable specimens I've ever seen of carnivorous plants, orchids, Ferns and all sorts of other plants were there, and we were attempting to document everything we could find. One of our plans that evening was to go back out there and see if we could step out onto the bog itself. This didn't end up happening until a later trip, but we made it a worthwhile stay anyway. # ⚓ The_Spirituality_of_Scent_and_Smell⠀⇛ Several years back, I attended the inaugural Salem Witchcraft and Folklore Festival (originally called the Salem Summer Symposium). It was a great time, and among the highlights, I got to meet one Dr. James Dotson, who was sharing his understanding about the spirituality of smells and scents in the occult. He made something click for me regarding the use of scents in magic and spiritual work generally, a kind of olfactory magic into itself: # ⚓ Thoughts_on_degrowth⠀⇛ Thoughts on using todays capital to slow down our inevitable technological decline. I realized that by now I am convinced that humanity, or at least modern civilization based on technology, is doomed. Truely realizing that the resources on earth are ultimately finite and what that means for any lifeform living an unsustainable lifestyle has been …quite a trip. Our dependance on vast quantities of energy in the “high-tech” parts of our civilization has us deplete resources at high speed. We burn oil for its energy where it would otherwise provide us with raw materials for many products, plastics, medicine ingredients, fertilizer, … # ⚓ Sick_day,_creativity⠀⇛ I arrived at work today and felt a bid odd. I had some tea during the morning break and felt a bit better, but by lunchtime, I felt unpleasant enough that I went back home. I've caught some bug. Tea and honey, and I'll be ok. A bit of rest. A friend of mine had a few years ago written a poem. Or, as she described it, it just dawned upon her in a moment of sudden clarity. She wrote it down, and drew a comic to go with it. That comic is lost to time, but both of us still remember the poem. Yesterday, while I was visiting her, through some twists and turns of memory and discussion, I ended up deciding that I should write a song to go with that poem. Bring it back to life, as it were. o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_I_stopped_using_OpenBSD⠀⇛ Last month, I decided to leave the OpenBSD team as I have not been using OpenBSD myself for a while. A lot of people asked me why I stopped using OpenBSD, although I have been advocating it for a while. Let me share my thoughts. First, I like OpenBSD, it has values, and it is important that it exists. It just does not fit all needs, it does not fit mine anymore. # ⚓ OpenBSD_httpd_with_cgi_on_FreeBSD⠀⇛ A short description on how to setup an environment to run cgi-scripts using the OpenBSD httpd on FreeBSD. # ⚓ Let's_put_Nix_into_a_Pubnix_(feat._nix-portable)⠀⇛ The concept of Pubnixes is very common among the current generation of Gopher users. Pubnixes are public access shared servers running Unix-like (usually Linux or BSD) systems and offering shell accounts to users, either for free or at extremely low prices. They are great for those who can't afford or just don't need a VPS for their cloud shell activity. Sometimes they also are called "tildes", hence the name Tildeverse. In general, you are given a limited user account (although some projects like segfault.net will give you an isolated root account) and a limited amount of software packages available for you to run. One of the Pubnixes called Project Segfault (that sounds terribly similar but has no relation to the segfault.net) gives you a limited account but offers a Nix package manager to install packages in your local environment only. I thought: why not try and achieve the same in all other tildes that don't have Nix available or exposed to your user? Luckily, there already is a project to ease your life in such a case. # ⚓ How_I_Got_Into_Computers⠀⇛ Having just read stinkh0rn's "Linux Life"[1], I was inspired to write something similar. But the concept morphed into something else while I was writing it, so I never actually got to the Linux part. Here then is the story of how I got into computers. # ⚓ Do_you_really_need_a_VPN⠀⇛ This blog post is sponsored by NordVPN. Are you tired of hackers getting ahold of you SSN or equivalent? Do you want to be cool and feel like a hacker? Then you need a VPN! All joking aside, this isn't sponsored by NordVPN, and they probably wouldn't want me to since I don't like them. We have all seen the ads and honestly, most people here are probably familiar with a VPN and already know what I am talking about, but for the other people who are seriously considering one or who aren't familiar with the concept, this is for you! # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ In_Favor_Of_Low_Uptime⠀⇛ The first point may go under "containerization", and frequent reboots will more quickly reveal any local state that (maybe?) should not be there. If the system is left to rot, who knows what will end up where it (maybe?) should not. The second point usually involves hardware failure (it no longer boots) or a software issue (the software does not come up to a correct state). Either case, perhaps, is better to learn about during a scheduled outage, not at 03:00 in the morning when the on-call has already had too little sleep and too much work. And, yeah, the plutocrats somehow managed to get you classified as overtime exempt. Have fun, and enjoy the wage theft! The final point delves into "chaos monkey" type testing where random systems (or entire datacenters, if you're at that scale) are broken in random ways. This can be bad for the customer, as there might be lost orders or whatnot, but how else would you learn that the redundant routes are not actually redundant? Postmortem action items included: fixing the routes that were not actually redundant, adding monitoring to confirm that the redundant routes are actually redundant, better documentation, etc. One can theoretically detect that there is a problem, but it's often quicker to see if the ship actually floats, especially if the problem is one that nobody has thought to theorize about—this ship is unsinkable, but, whoops, icebergs!—or nobody paid close enough attention to the fact that all the payment processor connections were going to a limited set of remote IP addresses. How often do you pay really close attention over time to netstat on a cluster of systems? # ⚓ Greetings⠀⇛ I finally got a key! Wish it was under better conditions... I've been coughing my lungs out for almost two weeks. Ugh.. But I look forward to late night muttering. I have an exam on genetics and cell reproduction this week. I should be studying.. my brain is too tired. # ⚓ Being_on_small_fediverse_instances⠀⇛ The fediverse is the network of social media instances that communicate via ActivityPub, mostly Mastodon but others exist as well. My own instance runs GoToSocial. The benefit is that nobody can force you to look at ads or sell your data. # § Programming⠀➾ # ⚓ Nachtigall:_dev_log_0⠀⇛ I want to create a little program called Nachtigall, to make working with external music trackers easier. Its goal is to take a voice sample, detect the notes and print them as understandable strings =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2661 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 18/11/2024: Science News and War Escalations in Ukraine⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ posted by Roy Schestowitz on Nov 18, 2024 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Fun_with_friends_birds_and_animal_background⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * Leftovers o Science o Career/Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary/Artificial_Intelligence_(AI) o Security # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting o Environment # Energy/Transportation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies/Monopsonies # Copyrights * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Task And Purpose ☛ World_War_II_destroyer_USS_Edsall_found_after 82_years⠀⇛ The American and Australian navies used robots and underwater drones to locate the wreck, and then examine the ship and determine what it was. o ⚓ Lou Plummer ☛ I'm_Tired,_Boss⠀⇛ I'm also tired of having to exercise discernment when I used to be able to just believe stuff. I could turn on the evening news and Walter Cronkite would tell me the deal, or may John Chancellor or Harry Reasoner. These days, I have to make sure I'm not in someone's spin zone when I try to stay informed. Newspapers that were institutions, like The New York Times, Washington Post and LA Times, are now operated by people who wouldn't be good contestants on Fear Factor. Some of them wouldn't endorse a presidential candidate, and they all lean towards sane washing the half of the American political system that is now ruling us. To be blunt, they have no balls, and it makes me tired. o ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Sergio_Leone,_‘the_Man_with_No_English’,_mimed directions_to_spaghetti_western_star_Clint_Eastwood⠀⇛ Leone, whose own father had made silent movies in Italy, became a master of mime in making up for his lack of English. He once said: “My films are basically silent films… The dialogue just adds some weight.” o ⚓ RTL ☛ That_was_fast:_Glastonbury_2025_tickets_sell_out_in_35 minutes⠀⇛ The standard ticket for next year's event was priced at £373.50 ($471.50). o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Barnard’s_Star_Finally_Has_a_Planet,_and Possibly_More⠀⇛ For a century, exoplanet hunters have “discovered” planets around a nearby star, only to retract the claims. But the latest find is for real. # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ Skywatch:_Telescopic_gift giving⠀⇛ Over the quarter century I’ve been writing this column, I’ve been flabbergasted by the advances in telescopes for backyard astronomers. There’s even one I’m recommending this year that does amazing near-instant color celestial photography! # ⚓ Allen Downey ☛ Comparing_Distributions⠀⇛ So far we’ve seen two ways to represent distributions, PMFs and CDFs. Now we’ll use PMFs and CDFs to compare distributions, and we’ll see the pros and cons of each. One way to compare distributions is to plot multiple PMFs on the same axes. For example, suppose we want to compare the distribution of age for male and female respondents. First we’ll create a Boolean Series that’s true for male respondents and another that’s true for female respondents. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Scientists_Teach_Rats_to_Drive_Tiny_Cars, Discover_That_They_Love_Revving_the_Engine⠀⇛ The scientists who taught rats to drive itty bitty cars are back at it again — and this time, they have even more insights about how much these rodents enjoy their unusual pastime. In an essay for The Conversation, University of Richmond neuroscientist Kelly Lambert said that over the course of her experiments teaching rats how to drive, she and her colleagues learned a lot about rewards and anticipation. # ⚓ Wired ☛ Scientists_Establish_the_Best_Algorithm_for Traversing_a_Map⠀⇛ For most problems, it’s simply not possible to find such a unicorn. But a new proof shows that for the quintessential path-finding problem, one algorithm is close to ideal: Assuming worst-case traffic patterns, it’s the best approach on every possible street grid. What’s more, the algorithm is nearly 70 years old and a staple of the undergraduate computer science curriculum. The new work will be presented with a best-paper award at the 2024 Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science next week. “It’s amazing,” said Tim Roughgarden, a computer scientist at Columbia University. “I can’t imagine a more compelling research paper about a problem we teach students in undergrad algorithms.” # ⚓ Society for Scholarly Publishing ☛ The_Difficulties_of Reproducing_a_Scientific_Experiment⠀⇛ 1. To accurately reproduce an experiment, you need to know the detailed methodology that the original researcher used. This is why Open Methods are likely more valuable to reproducibility than Open Data (even if I can see your data, I don’t know if it’s any good if I don’t know how you collected those data). # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ This_Strange_Crystal_Has_Two_Melting_Points And_We_Finally_Know_Why⠀⇛ Utterly bizarre. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Study_Finds_Potential_Downside_to_Vigorous Exercise_That_We_Didn't_Know_About⠀⇛ Too much of a good thing? # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Brighter_Nights_And_Darker_Days_Can_Have_a Serious_Effect_on_Mortality_Risk⠀⇛ A deadly imbalance. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Scientists_Compared_3_Popular_Weight-Loss Methods_to_Find_What_Works_Best⠀⇛ It turns out it's all about you. # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Just_One_Atom_Can_Totally_Change_a_Parrot's Color_–_Here's_How⠀⇛ A rainbow of feathers! # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ A_New_DNA-Printing_Technique_Could Revolutionize_How_We_Store_Data⠀⇛ Welcome to the future. o § Career/Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Kev Quirk ☛ AMA_-_How_Do_I_Cope_With_Everything⠀⇛ Marco is right, there's a lot of things that we manage. Here's an incomplete list off the top of my head: [...] # ⚓ Matt Blewitt ☛ What_Is_a_Senior_Engineer,_Anyway?⠀⇛ I’ve been having a bunch of conversations with my team about our career ladder, and what it means to be “senior” in a software engineering context. It’s a little different in every company, but here is my view. For a long time, I felt the gold standard for a career ladder was RentTheRunway’s, shared by Camille Fournier. Combined with something like levels.fyi, we can get a scope of what the “median average” software engineer looks like at each level. I’m going to take a bit of an unconventional path and talk very little about technology. In an industrial programming environment, we should be hiring folks who can program. # ⚓ Unmitigated Risk ☛ The_Myth_of_Non-Technical_Product Management⠀⇛ A common theme in conversations about product managers is the notion that they don’t need to be technical; they just need to bridge the gap between technical and non-technical teams. In my experience, particularly with enterprise and security products, this is a complete fallacy. Part of why this argument persists is the misconception that all product management is the same. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Facing_Cuts_Likely_to_Worsen_Under_Trump, Academic_Librarians_Urgently_Organize⠀⇛ “It was a total surprise,” Dunlap told Truthout. “Even the dean didn’t know.” Unless the proposed cuts are reversed, that dean will be the only person left in the library with a Master’s of Library Science degree, the standard professional credential in the field. Classified staff will now be expected to perform librarian duties — research and instructional support, collection development, managing database contracts and more — alongside their current roles, with no proposal for wage increases. “It’s an abdication of responsibility,” Dunlap said. “Come May, there will be no one to do reference, select books, teach in the classroom. None of the students, faculty, community members will have professional assistance of any kind.” # ⚓ Seth Godin ☛ How_to_buy_a_lottery_ticket⠀⇛ Your odds go up when you do useful and remarkable work for people who care. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ China_to_spend_billions_on_another_fab offering_mature_nodes_—_YDME_formed_to_operate_new_$4.6B facility⠀⇛ China establishes Yandong Microelectronics (YDME) chipmaker that will focus on mature production nodes. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Analog_Shift_Register_Revealed⠀⇛ Nowadays, if you want to delay an audio signal for, say, an echo or a reverb, you’d probably just do it digitally. But it wasn’t long ago that wasn’t a realistic option. Some devices used mechanical means, but there were also ICs like the TCA350 “bucket brigade” device that [10maurycy10] shows us in a recent post. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ WhichUK ☛ 'I_was_quoted_£7,500_for_health_insurance_–_but I've_been_a_customer_for_20_years'⠀⇛ Every week we help you with your money problems # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Lahore_Residents_Get_Air-Quality_Breather,_But_Only Slightly⠀⇛ For the first time in two weeks, the air quality in Pakistan’s second-largest city, Lahore, was no longer at the level considered “hazardous” for humans, but it still remained at the “very unhealthy” threshold on November 17, according to the Swiss-based firm IQAir. # ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ Scientists_transform_blood_into regenerative_materials,_paving_the_way_for_personalized,_3D- printed_implants⠀⇛ These materials can be easily assembled, manipulated, and even 3D printed while maintaining normal functions of the natural RH, such as normal platelet behavior, generation of growth factors, and recruitment of relevant cells important for healing. With this method, the team has shown the capacity to successfully repair bone in animal models using the animal's own blood. # ⚓ The Local SE ☛ Inside_Sweden:_How_a_Swedish_politician's weird_phobia_went_viral⠀⇛ But when a government minister isn't only scared of a common fruit, but it has reached the point where civil servants and public figures have to adapt to her to ensure their premises are banana-free, it's surely worth reporting. # ⚓ SBS ☛ Climate_change,_and_a_lack_of_action_to_fight_it,_is harming_young_people’s_mental_health⠀⇛ Young people's mental health is getting worse in Australia and across the world. There is growing evidence inadequate action on climate change is contributing. But it goes beyond young people worrying about how climate change will affect their future. Climate change is here, and its effects are already damaging young people's mental health. # ⚓ The Hindu ☛ Boy_dies_after_being_beaten_by_father_over mobile_phone_addiction⠀⇛ In her complaint to the police later, the boy’s mother, Shashikala, said Tejas, her second son, hadn’t been going to school for 15 days. He was addicted to playing games and watching reels on his mobile phone and was roaming around with his friends. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Scientists_Discover_Easy_Hack_to_Live_Way Longer⠀⇛ According to new research, US adults over the age of 40 can add another five years to their lifespan if they exercise as much as the top 25 percent of the population. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ US_agriculture_exporters_fear_trade_war 2.0_will_‘kill’_China_business⠀⇛ The farm sector has been a handy target for Beijing to retaliate against US tariffs. o § Proprietary/Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾ # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ 'Propaganda_machine':_Sam_Altman_mocks Elon_Musk's_AI_model_for_Kamala_Harris_answer⠀⇛ While ChatGPT refused to pick a better president and instead offered a comparison of the two leaders' policies, Grok picked Kamala Harris. The answer shocking many as Elon Musk is a staunch supporter of Trump who will soon be an integral part of Trump's government. # ⚓ NDTV ☛ Elon_Musk's_AI_Chatbot_Says_Kamala_Harris_Would_Be Better_President,_Sam_Altman_Reacts⠀⇛ Elon Musk's chatbot, Grok, chose Kamala Harris as the preferred president over Donald Trump and also explained its reasons. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ US_Military_Tests_AI-Powered_Machine_Gun⠀⇛ US Defense Department contractor Allen Control Systems (ACS) has developed an artificial intelligence-powered autonomous robotic gun system called the "Bullfrog," which can target small drones using proprietary computer vision software. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Bluesky_Is_Growing_Up._Maybe_Too_Fast.⠀⇛ Bluesky is surging amid upheaval in the social media world. After Elon Musk bought Twitter in 2022, he morphed it into X, changing many of its functions and alienating some of its most loyal users. Threads, an app similar to X that Meta introduced last year, relies mostly on an opaque algorithmic curation that excises politics from people’s feeds. That has caused some people to head to other networks, including Bluesky, to discuss hot-button social issues. # ⚓ Wired ☛ Some_of_Substack’s_Biggest_Newsletters_Rely_On_AI Writing_Tools⠀⇛ The most popular writers on Substack earn up to seven figures each year primarily by persuading readers to pay for their work. The newsletter platform’s subscription-driven business model offers creators different incentives than platforms like Facebook or YouTube, where traffic and engagement are king. In theory, that should help shield Substack from the wave of click-courting AI content that’s flooding the [Internet]. But a new analysis shared exclusively with WIRED indicates that Substack hosts plenty of AI-generated writing, some of which is published in newsletters with hundreds of thousands of subscribers. # ⚓ The Scotsman ☛ X_is_a_hell_site_run_by_Elon_Musk_that helped_elect_Donald_Trump,_no_wonder_people_are_leaving⠀⇛ The option to pay for a blue tick has not given a platform to those in need, instead only amplifying the worst of society. Look under any post by a politician, and the blue tick responses are first, and full of such hate and vitriol it almost doesn’t matter that most of them aren’t real. Because a lot of them aren’t. While some journalists pay for a tick, in a bid for relevancy, many of those now verified are bots. Blue ticks are no longer a way of verifying the source, and there remains a risk of being exposed to porn or Kremlin misinformation. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Mystery_Palo_Alto_Networks_0-day_RCE_now actively_exploited⠀⇛ A critical zero-day vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks' firewall management interface that can allow an unauthenticated attacker to remotely execute code is now officially under active exploitation. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Coke's_AI_Commercial_for_the_Holidays_Has_Us Wondering_If_We_Live_In_a_Fallen_World⠀⇛ We don't recommend having emotional attachments to marketing ploys, but defiling the nearly thirty- year-old original with AI has upset many among the Coke-ad fandom. "Why would you replace such a memorable ad with AI slop???" tweeted one user on X. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Schooling_ChatGPT_On_Antenna_Theory Misconceptions⠀⇛ We’re not very far into the AI revolution at this point, but we’re far enough to know not to trust AI implicitly. If you accept what ChatGPT or any of the other AI chatbots have to say at face value, you might just embarrass yourself. Or worse, you might make a mistake designing your next antenna. # ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ Bug_prevents_M4_Macs_virtualizing_pre- Ventura_macOS_releases_—_user_diagnosis_difficult_due_to_lack of_error_codes⠀⇛ macOS versions older than 13.4 Ventura refuses to load in VMs on M4 Fashion Company Apple Silicon. o § Security⠀➾ # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾ # ⚓ [Repeat] Bruce Schneier ☛ Good_Essay_on_the_History of_Bad_Password_Policies⠀⇛ That second mistake was convincing sysadmins to hash passwords, so there was no way to evaluate how secure anyone’s password actually was. And it wasn’t until hackers started stealing and publishing large troves of actual passwords that we got the data: people are terrible at generating secure passwords, even with rules. # ⚓ Stuart Schechter ☛ How_some_of_the_world's_most brilliant_computer_scientists_got_password_policies_so wrong_|_Mildly-Aggrieved_(not_mad!)_Scientist⠀⇛ The US government’s latest recommendations acknowledge that password composition and reset rules are not just annoying, but counterproductive. The story of why password rules were recommended and enforced without scientific evidence since their invention in 1979 is a story of brilliant people, at the very top of their field, whose well-intentioned recommendations led to decades of ignorance. These mistakes are worth studying, in part, because the people making them were so damn brilliant and the consequences were so long lasting. # ⚓ [Old] US NIST ☛ NIST_Special_Publication_800-63B⠀⇛ This guideline focuses on the authentication of subjects who interact with government information systems over networks to establish that a given claimant is a subscriber who has been previously authenticated. The result of the authentication process may be used locally by the system performing the authentication or may be asserted elsewhere in a federated identity system. This document defines technical requirements for each of the three authenticator assurance levels. The guidelines are not intended to constrain the development or use of standards outside of this purpose. This publication supersedes NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-63B. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ The Age AU ☛ Cash_payments:_Government_to_keep_notes and_coins_alive_for_essential_purchases⠀⇛ The decline in the use of physical currency and the issues with Armaguard had raised concerns that older Australians and people in the bush could be left struggling to get access to cash for day-to-day use. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the decline in the use of cash for day-to-day purchases as some businesses moved to online sales or requested patrons make payments by card or bank transfer. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Korea_deploys_new_weapon_against South:_Unbearable_noise⠀⇛ Some South Koreans said they find the relentless barrage of noise exhausting. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ China_Stabbing_Kills_at_Least_8_People⠀⇛ The stabbing, in the eastern city of Wuxi, took place days after a man drove a vehicle into a crowd in southern China, killing dozens. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ 8_dead_and_17_injured_in_eastern China_school_knife_attack,_as_police_arrest_former_student⠀⇛ Eight people were killed and 17 others wounded Saturday in a knife attack at a vocational school in eastern China, and the suspect — a former student — has been arrested, police said. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Families_of_American_Victims_of_Oct._7 Attack_Sue_Iran⠀⇛ The lawsuit aims to highlight Iran’s role in the attack that killed about 1,200 people as well as its support for Hamas and other terrorist groups. # ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Trump’s_Blacklist:_His_Fascism,_Legal_Fuck- ups,_and_Business_Failures⠀⇛ In addition to using lawsuits to seed his false claim that the election was not fair, Donald Trump bullied the NYT for a group of stories that debunked his con. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Nigeria_and_India_agree_deeper_ties_in maritime_security,_counter-terrorism⠀⇛ ABUJA - Nigeria and India on Sunday agreed to deepen collaboration in maritime security, intelligence and counter-terrorism during a state visit to the West African country by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. # ⚓ Deseret Media ☛ TikTok_parent_ByteDance's_valuation_hits $300B,_with_possible_share_buyback,_sources_say⠀⇛ A law signed by President Joe Biden on April 24, gives ByteDance until Jan. 19 to sell TikTok or face a ban. The White House has said it wants to see Chinese-based ownership ended on national- security grounds but not a ban on TikTok. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Gabbard's_Sympathetic_Views Toward_Russia_Cause_Alarm_as_Trump's_Pick_to_Lead Intelligence_Services⠀⇛ Gabbard's past comments supportive of Russia — as well as secret meetings with Syria's president, a close ally of Russia and Iran — are attracting fresh scrutiny from Democrats and national security analysts who fear that as Trump's director of national intelligence she could give Russia a major win, undercut Ukraine, weaken U.S. national security and endanger intelligence ties with allies. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Putin_critics_lead_march_in_Berlin_calling_for democracy_in_Russia_and_end_to_war_in_Ukraine ⠀⇛ Prominent Russian opposition figures led a march of at least 1,000 people in central Berlin Sunday, criticizing Russian President Vladimir Putin and his war in Ukraine and calling for democracy in Russia. Behind a banner that read "No Putin. No War," the protesters were led by Yulia Navalnaya, the widow of top Putin critic Alexei Navalny, as well as Ilya Yashin and Vladimir Kara-Murza, who were freed from Russian detention in a high-profile prisoner exchange this summer. # ⚓ India Times ☛ TikTok_parent_ByteDance's_valuation_hits_$300 billion_amid_US_ban_uncertainty:_report⠀⇛ TikTok's Chinese parent company ByteDance is valuing itself at about $300 billion after a recent buyback offer, the Wall Street Journal reported on Saturday, even as the tech giant's popular TikTok app faces the prospect of a looming ban in the US. # ⚓ India Times ☛ X_faces_hiccups_in_influencer-led monetisation_push_in_Indian_market⠀⇛ Elon Musk’s X is lagging in influencer marketing in India despite taking several steps to promote influencers and drive content-led engagement since the billionaire’s $44-billion acquisition of the microblogging platform in 2022, social media experts said. # ⚓ India Times ☛ 'Hate_isn't_welcome':_Neo-Nazis_march_with Swastika_flags_in_Ohio,_'Trump's_America'_stunned⠀⇛ This incident follows a similar demonstration in Howell, Michigan, where masked protesters displayed Nazi flags outside a production of "The Diary of Anne Frank" the previous week. Those protesters were instructed to relocate, and no arrests were made. # ⚓ Axios ☛ Exclusive_data:_Trump's_record_pace_for_Cabinet picks⠀⇛ Why it matters: Trump either "has the best and most efficient transition ever," Marchick said, or "is blowing up all norms and making picks on the fly without vetting, research or Senate consultations." # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Democratic_Governors_Join_Forces_to_Resist Trump’s_Extreme_Policies⠀⇛ As the new Trump administration begins to take shape, the MAGA leader’s cabinet picks are dominating the news cycle. Matt Gaetz, one of the most unethical members of Congress, as attorney general? A Fox news host with no governmental experience as defense secretary? Pro-Putin conspiracist Tulsi Gabbard in charge of national intelligence? Anti-vaxxer Robert F. Kennedy Jr. heading the health department? # ⚓ Axios ☛ Israel_destroyed_equipment_Iran_would_need_to develop_nuclear_weapon,_officials_say⠀⇛ Why it matters: The sophisticated equipment that was destroyed is needed to design and test plastic explosives that surround uranium in a nuclear device and are needed to detonate it. It dates back to before Iran ended its military nuclear program in 2003. # ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Swedes_left_longing_for_sweets_as_viral TikTok_starts_craze_for_candy⠀⇛ “During summer, we need to let people in the factory have their vacations by law, and we also close the factory for maintenance. We sold everything we produced over the summer. And after that we ran out.” Bubs was forced to reduce to a “much slimmer assortment”, he said, reducing the number of types of sweets it makes in order to ramp up supply. Machines need to be reset to make different sweets, eating up production time, so focusing on just three lines allowed them to meet demand. Just about. # ⚓ NL Times ☛ World_War_II_bombs_safely_neutralized_near Moordrecht⠀⇛ About 30 minutes later, the second bomb was successfully dismantled. At 2:49 a.m., the detonator and percussion cap were removed, completing what the municipality called the "most critical actions." The EOD then prepared the bombs for transport. They will be safely detonated at a separate location. # ⚓ Deccan Chronicle ☛ TikTok_parent_ByteDance's_valuation_hits $300_billion:_Report⠀⇛ TikTok's parent company ByteDance is valuing itself at about $300 billion, after it recently approached investors about a share buyback program, according to two people familiar with the matter and a document viewed by Reuters. # ⚓ CBC ☛ TikTok_content_creators_worry_that_Canadian_office shutdown_will_lead_to_app_ban⠀⇛ Officials in countries including Canada and the U.S. have shared concerns that TikTok — owned by Beijing-based ByteDance — can be forced to share user data with the Chinese government, or be used for foreign interference. # ⚓ The Moscow Times ☛ Russian_Oil_Refineries_Risk_Closure_Amid Mounting_Losses⠀⇛ The Tuapse refinery, a large but “relatively unsophisticated” facility owned by the state-backed oil giant Rosneft, has reportedly halted production multiple times this year. Smaller independent refineries, Ilsky in Krasnodar and Novoshakhtinsky in Rostov, have been operating at half capacity for months due to weak profit margins. The struggling refineries, which are said to have sought financial support from the government, were also targeted in Ukrainian drone strikes this year. These disruptions have been compounded by the impact of Western sanctions, which force them to sell fuel at discounted rates. # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾ # ⚓ The Korea Times ☛ [EXCLUSIVE]_'Don’t_die_for_Putin’: Rights_groups_to_send_message_to_North_Korean soldiers⠀⇛ “The gist of our message will be this: The war initiated by Russia’s military was an invasion, and there is no justification for you (North Korean troops) to support it. Why should you die for Russia? You have to make the right choice,” said Shin, one of the key people behind the open letter plan, adding that it is expected to be released in the coming days. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_missiles_will_speak_for_themselves’: Zelensky_on_Biden’s_approval_of_long-range_missile strikes_in_Russia_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ North_Korea_may_ultimately_send_100,000 troops_to_support_Russia_—_Bloomberg_—_Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ North_Korea’s_Kim_urges_improved military_capabilities_for_war⠀⇛ His comments came as Pyongyang dispatched thousands of troops to Russia. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Georgian_Separatist_Leader_Says_No_Compromise Reached_With_Abkhaz_Protesters⠀⇛ The situation remained tense on November 17 in Georgia’s Russia-backed breakaway region of Abkhazia with the self-styled president saying no compromise had been reached with the opposition. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Georgian_Students_Denounce_Elections_As Opposition_Vows_'Disobedience'_Campaign⠀⇛ Student groups in the Caucasus nation of Georgia united in a manifesto condemning the disputed October 26 parliamentary elections – which gave the Russia-friendly Georgian Dream party the victory – as anti-government groups vowed a "disobedience campaign" in central Tbilisi for the next 24 hours. # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Georgia_demonstrators_stage_mass_protests against_official_confirmation_of_pro-Russia_party election_win⠀⇛ Georgian demonstrators rallied in protest Sunday over parliamentary election results which saw the “Russian friendly” Georgian Dream Party win the majority vote by 53.93 percent. # ⚓ France24 ☛ In_Georgian_breakaway_Abkhazia,_protesters refuse_to_leave_parliament⠀⇛ Protesters in Georgia's Russia-backed breakaway region of Abkhazia declined on Saturday to leave the parliament building which they stormed the previous day, a departure proposed by the region's president as a condition for resigning. Details by Nick Rushworth. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ At_a_Ukraine_Maternity_Clinic, Deaths_From_an_Airstrike_Shatter_a_Community⠀⇛ It was one horrific day of the war in Ukraine when a missile fell on the Adonis clinic in Kyiv. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Russia_Bombards_Power_Grid_in_One_of War’s_Largest_Attacks,_Ukraine_Says⠀⇛ The attack lasted hours and involved around 120 missiles and 90 drones, officials in the country said. At least nine people were killed. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Trump_Can_Speed_Up_the_Inevitable_in Ukraine⠀⇛ He should force a settlement to save lives and avoid more destruction. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_Allows_Ukraine_to_Strike Russia_With_Long-Range_U.S._Missiles⠀⇛ With two months left in office, the president for the first time authorized the Ukrainian military to use the system known as ATACMS to help defend its forces in the Kursk region of Russia. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine_Sets_Emergency_Power_Cuts_As_Russia Hits_Energy_Sites,_Blasts_Sumy⠀⇛ Ukraine’s energy authority said that all Ukrainian regions will experience temporary restrictions on power consumption on November 18 after Russia launched one of its largest air strikes on the country’s energy infrastructure. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ EU_Council_To_Discuss_Russian_War_In_Ukraine, Political_Situation_In_Georgia⠀⇛ The European Union’s Foreign Affairs Council is set to meet on November 18 to discuss Russian aggression against Ukraine and the tense situation in Georgia following disputed parliamentary elections the Caucasus nation on October 26. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ U.S._Reportedly_Allows_Ukraine_To_Strike Russia_With_Long-Range_Weapons⠀⇛ U.S. media are reporting that President Joe Biden's administration has lifted restrictions that prevented Ukraine from using American-provided weapons to strike deep inside Russian territory. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Ukraine_announces_power_restrictions_after 'massive'_Russian_missile,_drone_attack⠀⇛ Russia on Sunday launched relentless aerial bombardment on Ukraine's energy production and distribution facilities, firing 120 missiles and nearly 100 drones across the country, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky said. Following the attack, Ukraine announced it would be introducing nationwide emergency power restrictions on Monday. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Russia_pounds_Ukraine_with_'massive' attack_in_'hellish'_night⠀⇛ Russia on Sunday pummelled Ukraine with a "massive" aerial barrage of missiles and drones, killing at least nine people across the country in the largest attack in months that Kyiv called "hellish." Details by Eliza Herbert. # ⚓ France24 ☛ US_for_the_first_time_authorise_Ukraine's use_of_long-range_missiles_inside_Russia⠀⇛ # ⚓ France24 ☛ US_for_the_first_time_authorises_Ukraine's use_of_long-range_missiles_inside_Russia⠀⇛ US President Joe Biden has given Ukraine permission for the first time to strike Russian territory with US-supplied long-range missiles, a US official told AFP on Sunday. Biden's decision comes as he prepares to hand over power to President-elect Donald Trump, who has pledged to limit US aid to Ukraine. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Live:_US_gives_green_light_to_Ukraine's use_of_long-range_missiles_in_Russia⠀⇛ President Joe Biden has authorised the use of US-supplied long-range missiles by Ukraine to strike even deeper inside Russia, the latest easing of limitations meant to prevent the conflict from further spiraling, according to one US official and three people familiar with the matter. Follow our liveblog for all the latest developments on the war in Ukraine. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Europe_eyeing_Trump’s_push_for_Ukraine_peace talks_as_potential_offramp_from_war:_report⠀⇛ European officials have come around to considering President-elect Donald Trump's push for peace negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, viewing it as a potential offramp to the costly conflict now approaching its third year. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Scholz_Defends_Call_With_Putin,_Says Kremlin's_Views_On_Ukraine_Haven't_Changed⠀⇛ German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said his conversation with Vladimir Putin on November 15 had given no indication of a shift in the Russian President's thinking on the war in Ukraine but defended his much-criticized decision to phone the Kremlin. # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Billionaires_are_the_new diplomats⠀⇛ Buried under the countless polls, articles and interviews leading up to the presidential election, The Wall Street Journal published a piece that flew relatively under the radar. A few weeks ago, it was revealed that Elon Musk, the infamous Tesla and X billionaire, has held a steady line of communication with Russian President Vladimir Putin. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ After_decades,_tiny_500-year-old_royal portrait_is_identified_as_Mary_Tudor⠀⇛ Rutherford became doubtful that this portrait was of Parr while curating a new exhibition, The Reflected Self: Portrait Miniatures, at Compton Verney House, Warwickshire. She initially made comparisons with other portraits of the two royal women. The most noted of Parr is Master John’s full length picture, owned by the National Portrait Gallery (NPG), while there is a miniature at Sudeley Castle where she died and is buried. The best known of Mary, though as queen in the 1550s, are by Antonis Mor in the Prado museum, Madrid, and by Hans Eworth, also in the NPG. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ UN_chief_urges_G20_'leadership'_to_rescue stalled_COP29_climate_talks⠀⇛ UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged G20 leaders in Rio to "show leadership" on emissions cuts to rescue stalled UN climate talks in Azerbaijan. Deadlocked over a $1 trillion climate investment deal, nations hope G20 compromise will break the impasse on financing and donor responsibilities. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Biden_Visits_Amazon,_Vowing_Help_to_Fight Climate_Change⠀⇛ The president toured the rainforest and promised Brazil funds for environmental initiatives, even as the incoming Trump administration appears poised to roll them back. # ⚓ France24 ☛ Biden_becomes_first_US_president_to_visit_Amazon as_Trump_signals_climate_policy_shift⠀⇛ Joe Biden became the first US president to visit the Amazon, flying over drought-hit regions and fire-damaged rainforests. Joined by Nobel laureate Carlos Nobre, he highlighted climate change's toll on the vital ecosystem. Meanwhile, the incoming Trump administration signals reduced US climate commitments. # ⚓ NYPost ☛ President_Biden_becomes_first_sitting_president_to venture_into_Amazon_rainforest:_‘Fight_for_humanity’⠀⇛ Watch out for that tree, Joe of the Jungle! # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Call_for_trailer_lorry_drivers_to uphold_safety_rules,_secure_containers_amid_accidents in_Malaysia⠀⇛ One driver suggested that every heavy or commercial vehicle driver must take defensive driving courses. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Japan’s_Mount_Fuji_eyes_China- made_tram_to_transport_hikers⠀⇛ The new proposal would replace the original plan to build a light-rail system. # ⚓ Vintage Everyday ☛ Horse-Drawn_Melbourne_Fire_Engine Converted_to_Motor_Drive,_1914⠀⇛ This bizarre vehicle was built by shortening a heavy touring car, by moving its rear axle to just behind the gearbox, removing the rear wheels, and fixing it to the chassis side- members. The rear springs were reversed and rested on the front axle of the fire engine. That is the middle set of wheels visible; they were chain-driven from what had been the car rear axle. # ⚓ NL Times ☛ Cyclist_completes_challenge_of_visiting every_Dutch_postal_code⠀⇛ Having already cycled through all 342 Dutch municipalities, Gerard set his sights on a new challenge about two years ago: cycling through all the postal codes in the Netherlands. Though he had already covered many of them, he still had 182 remaining out of a total of 4,071. In the past two months, he cycled an additional 2,400 kilometers across the country, from Groningen to Limburg, Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, and Noord Holland, to complete the postal code challenge. The final postal code, which he completed Monday, was an amusing one. "It was a block with just a few houses. You wouldn’t normally pass through that postal code on a regular road, so I had to cycle on the sidewalk to make sure the GPS detected that I had gone through the area,” he told RTL with a chuckle. # ⚓ The Scotsman ☛ Laser_'breakthrough'_led_by_Scottish university_set_to_power_Mars_missions⠀⇛ Lasers that harness bacteria's natural ability to convert sunlight into energy could power missions to Mars and provide a source of clean energy on Earth, scientists have announced. The technology is inspired by the way plants and bacteria convert light into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. # ⚓ The Independent UK ☛ Lasers_‘powered_by_sunlight’ could_transform_space_travel,_scientists_say⠀⇛ The aim is to repurpose the light-harvesting antennae from certain types of photosynthetic bacteria to “amplify” energy from sunlight, and convert it into laser beams that can transmit that energy across space. # ⚓ Smithsonian Magazine ☛ How_the_Groundbreaking_Suez Canal_Forever_Transformed_the_World's_Shipping_Routes⠀⇛ The idea was ancient, likely dating to the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Senusret III, who envisioned and commissioned a similar project in the 19th century B.C.E. The so- called “Canal of the Pharaohs” connected the Red Sea to the Nile, which in turn flowed out to the Mediterranean. But its extent is contested by historians, and the canal closed in 767 C.E. in order to cut off trade to the rebellious cities of Mecca and Medina on the Arabian peninsula. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ 'Morphing'_wheel_from_South_Korea_may transform_lives_-_and_robots⠀⇛ This is what researchers from the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) envision for their "morphing" wheel, which can roll over obstacles up to 1.3 times the height of its radius. Inspired by the surface tension of water droplets, it goes from solid to fluid when it encounters impediments. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Funeral_of_Penang_woman_crushed by_container_draws_hundreds_of_mourners⠀⇛ A driver lost control of a trailer lorry while making a turn, and the container toppled over and crushed her car. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ France24 ☛ APEC_closes_in_Peru,_China's_Pooh-tin_urges freer_trade_and_criticizes_tariffs_as_backward⠀⇛ China’s leader Pooh-tin Jinping met for the last time with U.S. President Joe Biden on Saturday but was already looking ahead to President-elect Donald Trump and his “America first” policies, saying Beijing “is ready to work with a new U.S. administration." Details by Camille Knight. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Debt-saddled_Laos_struggles_to_tame rampant_inflation_with_cost_of_staples_like_rice_doubling⠀⇛ Prices rose 31 per cent in 2023 and they are on course for 25 per cent in 2024, according to the Asian Development Bank. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Middle-class_Indians_tighten_their purse_strings_amid_spiralling_inflation⠀⇛ Policymakers are now closely watching for any potential impact on the country’s consumption driven economy. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Abkhazia’s_separatist_president_walks_back_weekend offer_to_resign,_will_try_to_wait_out_protests_after_all_— Meduza⠀⇛ # ⚓ Doc Searls ☛ The_Redstream_Media⠀⇛ That river began with the copious red pissings of Rush Limbaugh. Now eight Rushians comprise most of the News Commentary flow on Apple Podcasts, and much of the whole podcast watershed as well. (None are so skilled as Rush, but that’s another story.) It’s not much different on Spotify: [...] # ⚓ Tim Bray ☛ Why_Not_Bluesky⠀⇛ As a dangerous and evil man drives people away from Xitter, many stories are talking up Bluesky as the destination for the diaspora. This piece explains why I kind of like Bluesky but, for the moment, have no intention of moving my online social life away from the Fediverse. # ⚓ Deccan Chronicle ☛ What_is_Bluesky_and_Why_Are_Millions Leaving_Elon_Musk's_X_for_It?⠀⇛ According to reports, one of the reason behind many users joining the Bluesky is because of Elon Musk’s involvement in US elections. Musk officially endorsed Donald Trump for the elections and is closely tied to US president-elect Trump’s election campaign. # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Elon_Musk's_"DOGE"_Department_[sic]_Sounds_Like It_Might_Be_a_Fake_Thing_to_Make_Him_Feel_Important⠀⇛ But as NBC News reports, it sounds an awful lot like the so-called "Department" is nothing more than a way for Trump to dangle a carrot in front of the richest man in the world and make him feel like he's in charge. The advisory group, which according to Trump would "partner with the White House and Office of Management & Budget" to "drive large scale structural reform," is a mere facade erected for Musk to tout his purported prowess in cutting the fat — despite having absolutely no experience running the government whatsoever. Even the group's name is a cringeworthy reference to a cryptocurrency that literally started out as nothing more than a joke. # ⚓ France24 ☛ News_outlets_quit_X_(Twitter),_citing_'harsh_and extreme'_environment⠀⇛ Some news outlets have decided to quit X, formerly known as Twitter, since the election of Donald Trump, whose campaign was financed and supported by X's owner Elon Musk. Sweden's newspaper of record, Dagens Nyheter, cited a "harsh and extreme" environment on the website. Since buying Ex-Twitter two years ago, Elon Musk has drastically reduced content moderation. FRANCE 24’s Peter O’Brien interviews David Chavalarias, research director at the CNRS and author of the book Toxic Data. # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ 'The_Onion_buys_Infowars':_Not the_craziest_headline_this_week⠀⇛ The Onion’s bid was backed by the families of eight victims of the 2012 Sandy Hook massacre and a first responder. A federal judge in Texas ordered a hearing into how the Onion won the bidding after Jones and his lawyers raised questions about how the auction was conducted, but not before the Onion shut down Infowars in preparation for its grand transformation from a hateful fake news empire to a parody of a hateful fake news empire. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_independent_bookstore event_disrupted_by_people_accusing_writer_of_‘poisoning’ readers⠀⇛ A book launch event at an independent bookstore in Hong Kong was disrupted by a group of people who harassed participants and accused the writer of “poisoning” readers. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Election_Reveals_Right-Wing_Shift_of Social_Media_Platforms⠀⇛ Hundreds of thousands of posts lauding Mr. Trump’s victory filled Truth Social, the social platform that the president-elect owns. Speculation about what the new administration would accomplish ran rampant on X, which is owned by Elon Musk. Gab, Parler and other right-wing social media sites were flooded with thousands of memes glorifying Mr. Trump. No similar spaces existed for the left. Meta’s Instagram, Threads and Facebook had publicly de- emphasized politics leading up to the election. Mr. Musk had transformed Twitter into X and shifted it to the right. And no other tech platform had gained momentum as a public square for liberals. # ⚓ India Times ☛ Net_shutdown,_prohibitory_orders_after Beldanga_clashes⠀⇛ The [Internet] was shut down in Murshidabad and Jangipur police district, including in areas like Behrampore, Salar, Domkal, Jangipur and Samsherganj, and prohibitory orders were issued in some parts on Sunday after tension between two groups in Murshidabad's Beldanga led to clashes from Saturday night. # ⚓ RFA ☛ Apology_videos_are_forced_on_Cambodians_who_speak out⠀⇛ The videos posted to Facebook all have the same look and feel: The subject looks directly at the camera, joins his hands in a sampeah – a Cambodian gesture of respect – and apologizes. Examples from last month – Cambodian journalist Mech Dara and overseas activist Hay Vanna – were just the latest additions to a long list of activists and critics forced by threats or legal action to recant and pledge their loyalty to the ruling Cambodian People’s Party, or CPP. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ How_China_tried_to_censor_deadly Zhuhai_car_attack⠀⇛ It took officials nearly 24 hours to reveal that dozens had died — in one of the country’s deadliest incidents in years. Here AFP looks at how China jumps into action to block information it does not want shared: [...] # ⚓ [Repeat] Tom's Hardware ☛ S.T.A.L.K.E.R._2_could_be_banned in_Russia,_and_players_could_face_criminal_charges_—_Russian government_will_evaluate_whether_the_game_contains_anti- Russian_sentiments_or_terrorism_justification⠀⇛ For some context, S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2 is being developed by Kyiv-based studio GSC Game World. The game was initially scheduled for release in late 2022. Still, Russia’s ongoing war of aggression and upheaval as several developers relocated to the Czech Republic seem like valid excuses for a delay. RBC Ukraine News says that several factors could affect the legal status of S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2 and any players in Russia. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ The_persistence_in_journalism⠀⇛ My 1 year and 8 months sentence was handed down because I reported on fines imposed on the former Red Crescent President Kerem Kınık and General Manager İbrahim Altan, who gained nationwide attention during the earthquake disaster for selling tents. In other words, because I covered a financial penalty imposed by the Ministry of Interior, the judiciary decided to penalize me as well. They told me, “We’ll suspend the ruling for five years, essentially tying your hands and feet for that time.” What they meant was clear: "If you don’t behave for five years, if you dare to uncover more corruption, theft, or scandals, we’ll give you another sentence, and you’ll end up in prison." o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Stalker_fans,_or_‘sasaeng’,_continue_to plague_South_Korean_entertainment_landscape⠀⇛ K-pop group The Boyz revealed on its fancafe site that member Sunwoo was ambushed by a stalker. # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Malaysian_drivers_to_enjoy_smoother Causeway_journeys_via_QR_code_trial⠀⇛ Foreigners will also be progressively allowed to trial the QR code to clear immigrations at Johor. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ Women_demonstrate_in_Istanbul,_demanding_‘budget for_women,_not_for_war’⠀⇛ Events continue on the occasion of 25 November, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. Following the call of the Free Women's Movement (TJA), women gathered in Istanbul Esenyurt’s district on Sunday, displaying banners that read ‘We are in struggle for our freedom’, ‘Trustees are the usurpation of women's will’, ‘Long live women’s struggle’ and ‘Jin, Jiyan, Azadî’ (Woman, life, freedom). # ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ Why_a_liberal_prison_reform_passed_in Nevada_and_failed_in_California⠀⇛ “In California, slavery is abolished, but involuntary servitude isn’t. There’s been a lot of back-and-forth about this,” said Dennis Febo, a lead organizer of the Abolish Slavery National Network, which is working to pass similar measures in several states. “It didn’t hit California voters as an issue.” California changed its Constitution in the 1970s to prohibit slavery. This year, Proposition 6 asked voters whether they wanted to further amend the Constitution to remove a “provision that allows jails and prisons to impose involuntary servitude to punish crime (i.e., forcing incarcerated persons to work).” Nevada’s measure sought to remove both slavery and involuntary servitude as punishments for crimes in one fell swoop, since both terms were still in its constitution. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ '2,800_Yazidis_abducted_by_ISIS_in_2014_are_yet to_be_rescued’⠀⇛ The Islamic State (ISIS) killed, captured and displaced all 400,000 Yazidi people living in Shengal on 3 August 2014, in a genocide that disproportionately affected children. About 10,000 Yazidis were killed or abducted. Half of all those executed were children, according to a report by multi-national researchers in the journal PLoS Medicine. Nearly all (93%) of those who eventually died on Mount Shengal from injuries or lack of food and water were also children. Of the around 6,400 abducted Yazidis, it’s estimated about half were children, according to the Yazidi-led nonprofit Nadia’s Initiative. Boys as young as seven were sent to ISIS training camps and girls as young as nine were subjected to rape and sexual enslavement, according to a Save the Children report. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Their_children_were_born_in_Hong Kong._Now_they_work_in_the_city_as_migrant_labourers_to_raise them⠀⇛ Crossing the Shenzhen border on an early morning in mid-October, a joyful Joseph finally set foot in Hong Kong, where his two children have lived for over 10 years, with the right to work. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ An_Open_Source_Mod_for_Car_Thing_Is Here_—_If_You_Like_to_Tinker⠀⇛ Spotify announced the Car Thing is discontinued and will be bricked on December 9 as the music streamer winds down support for its first hardware project. But developers have bought the project new life—so long as you don’t mind a little extra hardware. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Netflix_Livestream_Outages_Reported_During Mike_Tyson-Jake_Paul_Fight⠀⇛ Many of the complaints about a Netflix outage on social media were centered on the eight-round heavyweight boxing match between Mr. Tyson, a former heavyweight world champion, and Mr. Paul, a YouTuber. The livestream for that fight began at 10 p.m. Eastern time, before the fight started. Frustrated viewers posted videos showing the frozen stream on their monitors. # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ On_the_Ground_at_Jake_Paul_v._Mike_Tyson, the_Fight_America_Deserves⠀⇛ As Costa chewed on his stogie in the lobby, Tyson was getting ready to step onto the Music Factory stage for a public weigh-in. In 24 hours, he would face off against YouTuber-turned-boxer Jake Paul in a decidedly non-championship bout that would be broadcast live on Netflix. The streaming giant was heavily promoting the fight to its 283 million global subscribers, and, it seemed, every other media outlet in the world had followed suit. For the week leading up to the fight, the [Internet] — RFK Jr. and Matt Gaetz nominations aside — was basically turned over to Tyson and Paul. And it worked. According to the streaming service, even with buffering issues, 60 million households ended up tuning in. # ⚓ The Independent UK ☛ Netflix_reveals_Jake_Paul_v_Mike_Tyson viewing_figures_-_with_record_gate_value_expected⠀⇛ There were 65 million “concurrent streams” for the fight, while the gate value “has surpassed $18m”. Overall, the gate value for the bout and the co- main event between Katie Taylor and Amanda Serrano “is the biggest boxing gate outside of Las Vegas in US history”, # ⚓ India Times ☛ netflix_down:_Netflix_down_for_thousands_of users_in_United_States⠀⇛ The number of users indicating problems was 85,021, by 10:35 p.m. ET (0335 GMT Saturday), according to Downdetector, which tracks outages by collating status reports from various sources. # ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Tyson_vs_Paul_Was_a_Disgusting_Farce⠀⇛ The Mike Tyson–Jake Paul fight last night was a disgrace to boxing with zero compelling narratives. We wrote about it anyway. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ GOG_Decides_To_Re-Focus_In_Part_On_Game Preservation_Of_Older_Games⠀⇛ As all of this was happening, the topic of video game preservation gained a great deal of interest. Some of this was the natural evolution of an industry that both has moved and grown very fast, while also suffering from the rather unique problem of being reliant on hardware compatibility in a way that is unlike other media, such as music, movies, and television. Sure, some media for music can become antiquated, like the 8-track cartridge of cassette tape. But that is unlike what occurs in the PC gaming space, with operating system updates, processor compatibilities, and so on. That’s how you get a situation like what the Video Game History Foundation recently outlined, where 87% of the games that have ever been created are out of print and at risk for being culturally disappeared. § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾ o ⚓ KOL446_|_Audio:_Intellectual_Property_and_Libertarianism⠀⇛ Kinsella on Liberty Podcast, Episode 446. This is from the show "Axioms of Liberty," which has another episode about my IP writing. This time, it's a reading of "Intellectual Property and Libertarianism." o ⚓ The Hill ☛ Meta_fined_$840_million_by_EU⠀⇛ The multinational company was penalized for tying its online classified ads service Facebook Marketplace to its personal social network Facebook according to the release. The feature allows Meta to use data generated by other advertisers on Facebook and Instagram to attract customers on Facebook Marketplace. o § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Porn_Uploads:_A_Shield_for_Copyright Infringement_Penalties_on_YouTube?⠀⇛ A new trend has emerged on YouTube where 'scammy' channels facing a ban for copyright infringement appear to evade penalties through the use of sexually explicit content. Questions remain, but evidence does suggest that a loophole is being exploited. By avoiding termination for copyright infringement, these channel owners may be able to protect their linked AdSense accounts. # ⚓ iFixit ☛ Canada_Just_Fixed_Copyright_Law_for_Repair⠀⇛ What do ice cream machines, Xboxes, and tractors have in common? Fixing them just became legal in Canada: They all have certain repairs that are blocked by software called technological protection measures. Until yesterday, you’d risk violating copyright law if you bypassed those software protections in Canada. But now Canada’s new laws, Bills C-244 and C-294, are changing the game. These bills are a huge step forward for the right to repair, giving Canadians more freedom to repair their own devices without breaking the law. They make Canada the first country to tackle copyright law’s digital locks at a federal level in favor of repair access. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4536 ➮ Generation completed at 02:49, i.e. 9 seconds to (re)generate ⟲