𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, February 01, 2025
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Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2025/02/01/


╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕
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╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⦿ Techrights  -  Arrested: Albanian Outreachy whistleblowers, Sonny Piers GNOME & Debian connections

⦿ Techrights  -  Growing Evidence That the Patent Industry Has Become a Major Scam

⦿ Techrights  -  Hiring for Tech Roles Based on Perceived Loyalty is No Better Than Hiring to Meet Diversity Quotas

⦿ Techrights  -  IBM Says That Half of Its "Assets" is Basically Pure Fiction ("Goodwill")

⦿ Techrights  -  IRC Proceedings: Friday, January 31, 2025

⦿ Techrights  -  Over at Tux Machines...

⦿ Techrights  -  Planet Ubuntu Overrun by LLM Slop? Faizul "Piju" 9M2PJU Seems to be Publishing Fake Articles About "Linux"...

⦿ Techrights  -  S.E.O. SPAM by Serial Sloppers With L.L.M. Garbage is Hurting Linux

 ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login):
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Arrested_Albanian_Outreachy_whistleblowers_Sonny_Piers_GNOME_De.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Growing_Evidence_That_the_Patent_Industry_Has_Become_a_Major_Sc.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Hiring_for_Tech_Roles_Based_on_Perceived_Loyalty_is_No_Better_T.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IBM_Says_That_Half_of_Its_Assets_is_Basically_Pure_Fiction_Good.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IRC_Proceedings_Friday_January_31_2025.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Planet_Ubuntu_Overrun_by_LLM_Slop_Faizul_Piju_9M2PJU_Seems_to_b.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/S_E_O_SPAM_by_Serial_Sloppers_With_L_L_M_Garbage_is_Hurting_Lin.shtml

 ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised):
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Gemini_Links_01_02_2025_LLMs_Analog_Computer_and_BorgBackup.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Links_01_02_2025_Administrative_Chaos_and_Aviation_Disasters_Pe.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Links_01_02_2025_Belated_Happy_New_Year_2025_and_Gabbro_0_1_2.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Links_01_02_2025_Chinese_and_American_Censorship_Cloud_sic_Nati.shtml
https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Links_1_2_2025_LLM_Hype_Revisited_Linuxwashing_by_Oumi.shtml

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 72

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Arrested_Albanian_Outreachy_whistleblowers_Sonny_Piers_GNOME_De.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Arrested_Albanian_Outreachy_whistleblowers_Sonny_Piers_GNOME_De.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Arrested: Albanian Outreachy
whistleblowers, Sonny Piers GNOME & Debian
connections⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


Reprinted with permission from Daniel_Pocock.


Last year, we calculated that rogue Debianists have spent over $120,000 trying
to censor web sites. Why are they giving so much money to the lawyerists? It
comes down to the Debian_suicide_cluster. We can see that in the demand below,
where they ask for the police to use all methods at their disposal to hunt down
whisteblowers talking about the suicide cluster and abuse.


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Axel_Beckert,_ETH_Zurich,_arrest_whistleblowers⦈_


As it turns out, everybody already knows who the whistleblowers are. In fact,
for some time now, they have been openly paying money to the whistleblowers, in
the form of internships and jobs.


Even more fascinating, the Swiss police had already arrested the Albanian
Outreachies when they arrived at Zurich airport on 19 September 2017. I was
waiting at the airport to meet them and they were detained for a couple of
hours in a cell. I took a photo of them when they were leaving captivity:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Kristi_Progri,_Anisa_Kuci,_Outreachy,_GNOME,_albania,
whistleblowers⦈_


While they were in captivity, the Swiss police called me and spoke to me to ask
questions about their itinerary in Switzerland and who was paying for these
women to travel.


Looking at the other lawyerist documents, we can see that rogue Debianists are
frequently claiming that these women were young female developers:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Jonathan_Cohen,_Debian,_trafficking⦈_


If the discussions about the risk of trafficking are baseless, why did the
Kanton Zurich police want to ask the same questions about the frequent
movements of these women between Albania and the Schengen zone?


Why did the rogue Debianists pay_$120,000_to_lawyerists_to_insist_that_these
women_are_developers? Looking at their profiles on the GNOME web site, they are
employed to do administrative work. They were never trained or employed as
developers anywhere.


The original Outreach_Program_for_Women_(OPW) started in the GNOME Foundation
so it is interesting that both of these women have subsequently been employed
there. OPW was renamed to Outreachy but it is the same program.


One of the women was an Outreachy intern for Mozilla.


The other woman was given a ticket from Albania to Brazil for DebConf19. She
sat_beside_the_former_leader_Chris_Lamb_at_the_DebConf_dinner and a few weeks
later an Outreachy internship was created for her. After Outreachy, she went to
work for Wikimedia Italia for a while.


In an earlier blog, I explained that these women are two_of_the_whistleblowers
who_revealed_evidence_about_abuse in an Albanian organization funded by larger
free software organizations.


In April 2024, during the process that censored_the_debian.news_web_site_on
World_Press_Freedom_Day, I revealed that I had sent a_confidential_complaint
about_the_underage_issues_to_the_Mozilla_staff.


In May 2024, immediately after my disclosure, the GNOME Foundation Board
frantically held a series of meetings about "personnel" issues:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Foundation_Board_minutes⦈_


In the last meeting, on_27_May_2024, the membership issue is mentioned. They
removed Sonny Piers with the nasty "for cause" ramblings about a secret
expulsion. This is total nonsense, you can't expel somebody "for cause" without
being able to say what the "cause" actually is. There is a real possibility
that Sonny Piers simply asked questions about the personnel matters noted in
the previous board meetings.


The Executive Director, Holly Millions, resigned at much the same time. Maybe
she learned the truth about the GNOME / Albania connection and didn't want
anything to do with it.


In the first week of June, the_entire_Albanian_web_site_was_taken_down and the
staff profile of Kristi Progri on the GNOME site was changed to delete her
links to the Albanian group.


These things are not coincidences. It looks like the employment of the Albanian
women at GNOME and the elimination of evidence on the Albanian web site are all
connected. These things happened at exactly the same time.


In October 2024, GNOME_Foundation_published_a_news_report_telling_us_they_have
to_let_go_of_Caroline_Henriksen_(Creative_Director)_and_Melissa_Wu_(Director_of
Community_Development) due to a budget shortfall.


The same news report promises transparency.


Yet at the same time, GNOME secretly added a second Albanian woman to their
employee list.


Looking at the staff_list_from_21_June_2024_in_the_Wayback_Machine we can only
see one Albanian woman, Kristi Progri.


Looking at the staff_list_from_19_July_2024_we_can_see_both_Albanian_women.
Kristi Progri is still there as Director of Program Management and they added
Anisa Kuci as an Administrative Assistant.


Both of these women started their careers on the same path at the same time.
Both of them were in a police cell together in September 2017. Why is one of
them given such a senior title and the other has a very junior title? Is this
equality?


There are various hints that GNOME may have been paying Anisa Kuci for some
time before they publicly added her name on the public web site. Why would
GNOME be secretly paying money to an Albanian woman? We can see that Anisa was
present in the_photos_from_GUADEC_2022_in_Mexico.


Then we can see the Conduct team mafia page. A snapshot from 27_March_2023 does
not include the Albanian woman.


A later snapshot on 8_September_2023 includes the name Anisa Kuci. Does that
mean that GNOME added the second Albanian woman to the payroll in secret a year
before putting her name on their team list?


Did Sonny Piers discover this secret and ask questions about it?


Sonny's own_blog_report tells us:


     The process and decision shocked me. I know people are looking for
     answers, but I want to protect people involved and the project/
     foundation. It was never an interpersonal conflict for me.


Reading between the lines, it looks like he asked questions about the personnel
issues and somebody got really scared and decided to bundle him out the back
door as quickly as possible.


They bamboozled him into silence with the false promise of mediation, which is
noted_in_the_GNOME_forum_post. But this is nonsense. After they have defamed
him publicly, there is no real opportunity for mediation, he needs compensation
and the community needs answers.


While Sonny and his supporters were hoping for this mediation, the toffs in the
open source mafia used every face-to-face meeting in the last six months to
further reinforce the persecution and turn people against Sonny Piers. They
avoid leaving any written evidence of these tactics because they want to give
Sonny false hope of a solution. They are afraid that Sonny or somebody else
might start leaking the secret minutes of board meetings and gnome-private
discussions.


There is a huge ethical problem when they pretend that the Conduct team members
are volunteers but they are really staff members on a secret payroll. Staff
members are an extension of the executive director so they are not really
independent and they will have a tendency to make decisions to please their
boss.


Being more specific, staff members on the Conduct team will generally try to
cover up mistakes by fellow staff and censor anybody who asks questions about
the staff expenditures. Yet with the critical state of the budget, those
questions are vital to the survival of the GNOME Foundation.


Ironically, this is just how things worked under the Albanian dictator Enver
Hoxha.


In every building, at least one neighbor was a member of the secret police or
an informer for the police. These people would get cash bonuses and other
privileges in exchange for reports about neighbors asking political questions.


The thing to remember is that both of these women were in the Albanian group
from the beginning. They were responsible for managing other volunteers so they
know the name and age of every girl who came to the OSCAL conferences and
hackerspace. They know the names of developers from various companies who came
to visit. As long as they are on the payroll somewhere those details will not
be mentioned. █


Please see the chronological_history_of_how_the_Debian_harassment_and_abuse
culture_evolved.




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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣶⡄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⢾⣶⠦⡈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢈⡃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢹⣿⡏⢸⣿⡇⠺⣺⠐⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣤⣟⣫⣴⣷⣿⣿⠛⠲⠶⡄⠀⠛⠛⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠿⠇⢸⣿⢁⠀⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠻⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⠀⠀⢸⡏⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⠀⢠⣠⢠⡄⡄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣷⡆⢸⢿⢿⣿⣿⣶⡿⠁⠀⠀⠈⢿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⡇⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢨⠼⠀⢰⣶⣦⡤⠈⠀⣀⡤⣿⡁⠀⠠⣿⠈⡇⡇⡇⠀⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠉⠉⠃⢼⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⢿⠂⠋⠋⡀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⣖⣿⠀⠀⠈⠒⠃⠁⠀⡇⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢱⣾⣷⠾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠉⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣹⡀⠀⠀⠀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠆⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⢰⡆⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠘⠈⠛⠃⠀⢽⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣈⡀⠀⠀⡤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣉⣙⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⣿⠇⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡤⠀⠀⢰⣧⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⠀⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣶⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣿⣿⢷⡖⢸⣿⠫⠅⠐⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⠉⠁⠀⠘⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣂⡠⠤⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣤⣀⣀⠘⣻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⠖⣪⢦⣮⣔⣆⣴⡄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣤⢒⣉⡈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣮⡨⠕⠂⢤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⡟⠽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣵⣤⣬⣿⣤⣵⣼⣯⣬⣤⣯⣴⣷⣿⣤⣤⣽⣯⣷⣿⣽⣿⣥⣤⣼⣯⣤⣤⣼⣾⣯⣬⣿⣬⣿⣼⣧⣯⣦⣿⣦⣥⣼⣿⣼⣿⣼⣻⣼⣽⣼⣦⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢻⢿⠿⢿⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡟⡿⣿⠟⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡛⡿⣻⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣽⣧⣾⣾⣶⣿⣮⣷⣷⣿⣽⣯⣤⣿⣧⣾⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣽⣴⣿⣴⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣧⣽⣴⣿⣧⣾⣿⣤⣷⣽⣯⣼⣿⣾⣧⣮⣷⣷⣴⣏⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⢛⡿⠿⣿⢟⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⡟⠿⢿⣿⡿⢻⣿⠿⢿⣿⠻⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⢿⡿⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⡟⠿⢿⡿⢻⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⡿⢿⡿⢻⣿⠟⣿⣻⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢻⡿⠿⢿⡛⡿⡿⠿⡿⢻⡛⡟⢻⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣏⠜⠘⢰⡟⣻⠻⠻⡛⡟⡟⡟⣻⣿⣷⣷⣵⣶⣿⣶⣿⣵⣾⣯⣶⣿⣽⣮⣦⣶⣯⣮⣷⣦⣾⣷⣶⣯⣮⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣷⡀⠔⣻⣧⣤⣴⣤⣥⣧⣴⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣏⣩⣫⣟⣽⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣫⣋
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣉⣟⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣝⣿⣟
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⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Growing Evidence That the Patent Industry
Has Become a Major Scam⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Cheapening_Patents:_‘One_Patent_A_Day’_drives_research_at
                                 IIT-Madras⦈_


WE may be pausing for a bit with EPO coverage (longer stories in the pipeline,
different_topics though), but take a look or get a load of this_pure_nonsense,
which is "counterproductive," as an associate put it, and moreover "hurts
innovation". Universities should serve the public, not build a "portfolio" of
monopolies. However, American corporations including_Microsoft decide what goes
on in India, even regarding_patents. See the following old articles:


    * Say_No_To_Software_Patents_in_India
    * Protest_in_India_Against_Software_Patents
Who is being served by Indian law? Or patent laws? Colonisers?


In the next batch of Daily Links we'll show examples of the illegal,
unconstitutional fake 'court' for patents in the EU (it's connected to the
EPO's crime) trying to break past borders and enforce its totally unlawful
authority on countries outside the EU.


What will be the effect? If anything, it makes the patent "industry" (or
litigation microcosm) seem not only illegitimate but a bunch of organised
crime, a mafia. I've lost count of the number of serious threats sent to me by
corrupt officials at the EPO and white-collar criminals who led Team UPC.


These are not legal professionals. They are criminals. They may be wearing a
suit and speaking in a posh accent, but they are still criminals.


The above says: "Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-Madras) a few years
ago had committed to filing ‘One Patent a day’. In 2024-2025 the institute
filed 386 patents."


So what? Are they going to go around suing people? If not, it's a waste of
money and false trophy.


Seeing that the patent "industry" has turned to serious crimes (sometimes to
cover up corruption) and seeing that the net negative is clearer for all to
see, people who argue for abolition of all patents will have a field day. This
injustice is unsustainable. █




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    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Hiring_for_Tech_Roles_Based_on_Perceived_Loyalty_is_No_Better_T.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Hiring for Tech Roles Based on Perceived
Loyalty is No Better Than Hiring to Meet Diversity
Quotas⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025,
updated Feb 01, 2025


I saw lots of that in Sirius_Open_Source and we covered this after I had
resigned in 2022


THIS article is the joint effort of 3 people. We recently assessed a very
serious situation which can be treated either politically or as a purely
technical matter (in reality it is a combination of both). We'll try to focus
on what's technical to avoid getting caught in the "well, you're not in my
team!!" handwringing. We'll try to say what happens here from a geek's
perspective (not "political nerd's perspective").


About a day ago we quoted a report as saying that:


     Populating the OPM with naive-yet-loyal yes men seems to be a key
     strategy in Trump's plan to drastically cut down the federal
     workforce. It also follows Musk's disastrous playbook at Twitter -
     the two young OPM hires are reminiscent of a move the billionaire
     pulled when he hired his alarmingly junior and inexperienced cousins
     to facilitate three massive rounds of layoffs as he took over the
     platform.


Wired was then quoted:


     According to the same sources, other people at the top of the new OPM
     food chain include two people with apparent software engineering
     backgrounds, whom WIRED is not naming because of their ages. One, a
     senior adviser to the director, is a 21-year-old whose online resume
     touts his work for Palantir, the government contractor and analytics
     firm cofounded by billionaire Peter Thiel, who is its chair. (The
     former CEO of PayPal and a longtime Musk associate, Thiel is a Trump
     supporter who helped bankroll the 2022 Senate campaign of his
     protege, Vice President JD Vance.) The other, who reports directly to
     Scales, graduated from high school in 2024, according to a mirrored
     copy of an online resume and his high school's student magazine; he
     lists jobs as a camp counselor and a bicycle mechanic among his
     professional experiences, as well as a summer role at Neuralink,
     Musk's brain-computer interface company.


My personal interpretation of this is that the US Government has (more than
ever before) been taken over by "tech oligarchs" or "tech bros" or "bro-
ligarchs" or whatever. It's not an unprecedented issue, but it is getting worse
all the time. Some days ago Dr. Andy Farnell published_a_detailed_article_about
what's_at_stake. We'll soon have a long article focusing on Microsoft's
extensive role in this.


Tribalism, whether based on political orientation or loyalty or kinship, is
bad. It's bad because it tends to eliminate or demote those best suitable for
some technical role. So it drags down the group as a whole.


In turn, as one might expect, there will be planes that crash, servers that
suffer data breaches, or a patent office like the EPO (where corruption is the
norm and managers aren't familiar with science, they just cover up for high-
level colleagues - that's all that matters!).


What we're seeing right now is a national security disaster and it is almost
purely about technology.


A reader has commented on news that the "US fed gov't dept email system [got]
compromised," citing a bunch of news reports and links previously curated by
us. Remember that it already happened last year and it was the fault of
Microsoft. The US government even openly blasted Microsoft for it (when a
Microsoft_employee_shifted_the_debate_online_to_some_blurb_about_"Xz"_in
Microsoft_GitHub).


"Trump Broke the Federal Email System and Government Employees Got Blasted With
Astonishingly Vulgar Messages," one news_report_said. "This is a security
nightmare of a magnitude beyond anything I've heard of," said the leader, who
has allowed us to reuse some material including links_to_leaks.


"Also available here," said the reader. To quote:


     OPM employee here, we are not the bad guys HR (self.fednews)
     submitted 3 hours ago by Throwaway918284


     I'm a current employee at the Office of Personnel Management (OPM).
     This is a throwaway account for obvious reasons. I'm posting this
     because people need to know what's going on at OPM.


     I've been an OPM employee for nearly a decade and a Federal Employee
     for almost 20 years. I've never witnessed anything even remotely
     close to what's happening right now. In short, there's a hostile
     takeover of the federal civil service.


     Let me say this in no uncertain terms - OPM has been compromised and
     taken over. The very backbone of American Government, the HR of all
     HR in the U.S. Government has been taken over by outside politicals.
     In just five days, they managed to push aside dozens of non-
     political, career civil servants who were there specifically to
     prevent the civil service from becoming the President's henchmen.


     The current Acting Director, Charles (Chuck) Ezell is a low-level
     branch chief. He's the friendliest "yes man" you'll ever meet. He
     never says no. It s clear they pushed aside all the high-level non
     political civil servants who refused to do Donald Trump's bidding,
     until they found Chuck.


     Under his name, they've sent numerous requests to all the agencies to
     collect information on gov't employees that they see as a threat to
     their agenda. Instructions say to send these lists to Amanda Scales.
     But Amanda is not actually an OPM employee, she works for Elon Musk.
     She wasn't even properly cleared by OPM Personnel Security.


     Our CIO, Melvin Brown, (also a non political career public servant)
     was pushed aside just one week into his tenure because he refused to
     setup email lists to send out direct communications to all career
     civil servants. Such communications are normally left up to each
     agency.


     Instead, an on-prem (on-site) email server was setup. Someone
     literally walked into our building and plugged in an email server to
     our network to make it appear that emails were coming from OPM. It's
     been the one sending those various test message you've all seen. We
     think they're building a massive email list of all federal employees
     to generate mass RIF notices down the road.


     The non-political civil servants here at OPM are watching helplessly
     as our government is being systematically dismantled bit by bit. Even
     the IGs are being fired to prevent them from investigating the
     numerous whistleblower complaints we've filed.


     Please share this and tell the world that OPM is not the bad guy.
     We're just as helpless to stop this as the rest of our fellow public
     servants. Hopefully someone out there can help us, but it's looking
     pretty grim.


"This is obviously connected to the so-called "buyout offer" email sent
civilian federal gov't employees," said the reader. "Judging from the text,"
the reader added, "Elon Musk and DOGE are involved. The language differs from
what is normal in gov't communications; in fact many who received the messages
initially dismissed them as spam."


"There are several issues here."


"(1) The buyout costs money. A budget is required but congress has not
discussed the matter. Those who take the offer may end up in limbo in which
they neither receive money nor get any way to return to work."


"(2) Government employees with invaluable skills may decide to take the buyout
offer. For example air traffic control specialists may resign en masse."


"(3) Computer security issues. As seen above the server at OPM was installed
without routine precautionary measures. It appears data is being moved or
copied to some cloud server, again ignoring established security protocols. It
is a "hack job" which circumvents safeguards."


"Computer specialists may resign, taking the buyout offer. Or those who
disapprove of this kind of activity may be forced to leave."


"Employees of NOAA have received spam email. See Newsweek_article below."


"We don't know how much sensitive data including formal workplace email
addresses has been exposed to adversaries. China or Russia may already have
email lists and such. If so, China may, in the hours before an invasion of
Taiwan may send spam to confuse US government agencies. It might be a huge load
of email designed to overburden servers, or worse, authentic-sounding messages
assuring that all news of an imminent invasion is false and should be ignored."


"The curious story of Uncle Sam's HR dept," the reader said, is "a hastily set
up email server, and fears of another cyber disaster" as covered_by_Thomas
Claburn,_Chris_Williams,_and_Iain_Thomson:


     Two anonymous US government employees have sued Uncle Sam's HR
     department - the Office of Personnel Management - claiming the Trump
     administration's rapid roll out of a new federal email system broke
     the law.


     The pair's complaint [PDF], filed Monday in a Washington DC district
     court, claims an effort to establish a single email address through
     which the OPM can communicate directly with all civilian federal
     employees - some presume to facilitate firing them - violated the E-
     Government Act of 2002.


There's more an an aforementioned article dated yesterday (two days after the
above). It's entitled "Trump Admin's Email System Compromised - What We Know"
and it says:


     The email system for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
     Administration has reportedly been spammed with mass emails from
     outside the agency.


     A mailing list for all NOAA workers, including those at the National
     Weather Service, was reportedly accessed by people outside the
     network, allowing them to email all 13,000 employees at the
     administration.


See also: Trump_Broke_the_Federal_Email_System_and_Government_Employees_Got
Blasted_With_Astonishingly_Vulgar_Messages | Exclusive-Musk_aides_lock
government_workers_out_of_computer_systems_at_US_agency,_sources_say


"You [already] have links_to_articles_in_the_most_recent_"Links"_page," the
reader said*. "Please do consider giving the issue more visibility." █


______


* Citing Wired's "Elon Musk Lackeys Have Taken Over the Office of Personnel
Management" and "Disemboweling the US Government".





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 729

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IBM_Says_That_Half_of_Its_Assets_is_Basically_Pure_Fiction_Good.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IBM_Says_That_Half_of_Its_Assets_is_Basically_Pure_Fiction_Good.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IBM Says That Half of Its "Assets" is
Basically Pure Fiction ("Goodwill")⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025,
updated Feb 01, 2025


Related: IBM's_Debt_Increasing_for_Three_Years_in_a_Row


                       🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IBM_Goodwill⦈_


IBM says it'll_lay_off_many_thousands_of_people_this_year (the CEO says it'll
be the same as last year). We've looked at the official_report and took the
screenshot found above, along with some highlights in red (added by us).


We're already accustomed to IBM/Red Hat staff attacking us for merely pointing
out facts*. Those attacks have lost their effect and they can be indicative of
us getting "warmer" (closer to suppressed information).


Remember that IBM is about 60 billion dollars in debt.


Don't worry, however, as IBM has 34.482 billion dollars in "assets" (not cash)
and it values "Goodwill" at 60.706 billion dollars (not kidding, IBM says it in
its report**).


It times get tough, IBM can sell "Goodwill" at the local pawn shop and pay back
the lenders, right? █


____


* IBM is viciously attacking critics, including us. Money buys it "apologists"
(like Microsoft and Bill_Gates_bribing_media,_universities_and_so_on). Lots_of
ad_hominem_attacks_by_the_IBM_apologists turn out to be wrong and they
apologise/retract after challenge.


** The buildings aren't worth that much and a lot of office space is rented. We
gave new examples of it last year. Employees are an expense for the most part,
not an asset. Patents are overrated. After selling many buildings decades ago,
IBM is mostly a brand and its power is "connections" or "legacy customers"
(locked in).




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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣻⣟⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣟⣟⣟⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣉⣻⣯⣟⣿⣟⣹⣻⣿⣟⣹⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣇⣗⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣺⣭⣺⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣾⣯⣵⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 859

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IRC_Proceedings_Friday_January_31_2025.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/IRC_Proceedings_Friday_January_31_2025.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ IRC Proceedings: Friday, January 31,
2025⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Flowers_in_the_window_with_blinds⦈_


                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_


                                              #techrights_log                                                                                           #boycottnovell_log


                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GN                                     🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇GNOME_Gedit⦈_


                                         #boycottnovell-social_log                                                                                        #techbytes_log


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The corresponding text-only bulletins for_Tux_Machines and for_Techrights
contain all the text.


                          Enter_the_IRC_channels_now




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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠂⠐⠀⠒⠒⠲⠤⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣧⡆⣿⡀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⣉⠁⠈⢹⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣉⠘
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡧⠤⠄⠀⣀⣀⡀⢀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⢣⡆⣜⠀⣇⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡧⢍⠄⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⠀⠒⠠
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⡆⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⡗⠤⠂⠀⢸⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⣿⠰⠀⠀⠠⢦⡀⠨⠭⠨
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠐⠀⠒⠛⠛⠒⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⡇⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⣷⡖⡂⠠⢸⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⢠⣶⣨⣣⣔⡀⣺⣍⢸
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣏⡆⣿⠀⣷⣶⣷⣢⣀⣶⣀⡰⣦⠀⠂⠀⣏⣉⡁⠐⢸⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⣿⠈⠙⠈⠘⢿⣷⣷⣇⣼
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣟⡇⣿⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣶⠁⠀⣿⣣⠆⢈⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡿⢠⡀⠀⠐⢩⣾⣟⣻⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⢸⡗⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠂⠀⠀⠛⠛⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣏⡆⣿⠀⠀⠐⢽⠟⠁⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣴⣿⡵⡧⠠⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣀⣀⡀⠤⠤⠄⠤⠀⠤⠴⠶⠤⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⡇⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣬⣿⣿⡨⣿⣷⢿⣷⣾⣿⣧⣴⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢛⠉⢫⣿
⠀⠀⣳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣄⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠁⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢉⣿⠻⢿⣯⣭⡟⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⠀⢀⣤⠦⣰⣿⣿
⣠⠁⠀⠉⢤⡤⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡗⠒⠒⠒⠂⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡾⠔⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢷⡀⢠⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠻⢣⣤⡂⠙⠉⢦⠦⡲⢨⠀⣹⣇⣀⣀⣠⣤⡤⢠⡶⠀⠚⢿⣿⠟⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣓⣚⣼⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⢷⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⡤⣖⠎⢱⣿⣦⣦⡄⠘⡃⠀⣻⣿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠁⣠⣦⣤⣤⣶⣶⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠢⠟⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣭⢙⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠶⠏⠈⠉⠉⠱⠿⣿⣎⢛⣻⡿⢿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⢀⡀⠤⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠢⠁⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠼⢋⣀⠘⣳⠘⢻⡉⠉⢉⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡆⠀⢀⡿⣶⣆⢰⡷⡽⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⢁⡠⢱⣿⣿⣷⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡄⢈⡙⢿⢹⡉⣱⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⡀⠀⣨⣀⡏⢣⣥⡠⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⠃⡼⠃⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠘⡀⠂⠄⠛⢼⡁⠀⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣉⡉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣌⣉⡙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣈⣉⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣉⡙⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣉⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣌⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⡙⠛⠋⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣍⣉⡛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣉⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣠⣄⣈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⢿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⡉⠁⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠈⠻⠋⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⣀⠈⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣬⣍⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣬⣉⡛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⡛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣍⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣍⣙⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣭⣉⣛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1085

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Over_at_Tux_Machines.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Over_at_Tux_Machines.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Over at Tux
Machines...⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Ever_Watching_Street_CCTV_Camera⦈_


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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⢉⣀⣠⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠀
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⣉⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠉⠀⢀⣠⣤⣶⣾
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⣉⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⣠⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⢺⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⣁⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⣀⣤⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⣉⣀⣤
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣦⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠿⢛⣉⣡⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠁⣀⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢋⣉⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⢁⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⢋⣡⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣰⣆⡤⠺⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⢁⣠⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⣉⣡⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠉⣁
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⡧⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠻⠿⠠⠤⠀⢘⡓⣛⡃⠈⠁⠀⠉⠉⠀⠠⣠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⣉⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⢋⣀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿
⠀⣀⡀⠀⣾⠂⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢡⣿⡗⠀⠸⣿⣿⠿⠟⢋⣉⣤⣶⡄⡅⠀⠂⠋⠉⠉⠀⠈⠁⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠿⠛⢋⣉⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠛⣁⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⣿⣧⣠⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⢸⣿⡄⠀⠈⠁⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣡⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢋⣉⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛
⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⣾⣿⠿⠟⠋⠉⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⡂⠀⠺⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⣋⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⣉⣠⣤⣶⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣇⡀⠈⠁⠀⢀⣀⡴⣾⠏⢀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣟⢿⠿⠛⢋⣁⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⢉⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⡿⢿⠃⠀⠂⠀⢸⡟⠀⠁⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢻⡄⢴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⣉⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣼⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⣿⡿⠋⢙⠃⠀⠉⠈⣁⠀⠀⢠⣿⣾⠈⠀⣤⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢉⣁⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⡀⠀⡗⠀⢀⡠⠀⢠⣾⣿⠁⠀⣸⣿⡷⠀⣼⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠉⣉⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⠟⠉⠋⠀⢀⣄⡀⠀⢠⣾⡇⠀⠸⣿⠃⠀⣰⣿⣅⠀⠶⠄⠉⠁⠀⠉⠉⠠⠀⠔⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⣤⣦⠀⠀⣸⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⡄⠄⠀⠀⣰⣿⠟⣽⡆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠉⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢸⣿⠇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣦⣰⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⡀⢹⣿⣿⢾⡟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢘⠋⠀⣰⣿⣿⠛⠛⠻⣿⡿⠃⠀⣠⣾⣦⣼⣿⠇⣸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⡇⢀⡀⠄⠉⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣶⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢀⣄⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⡏⠀⣰⣾⣄⣀⣴⣄⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠻⠿⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⡄⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⢀⣤⡀⠀⠈⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⢸⠀⠀⣀⡕⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⣟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣴⡿⡆⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡼⠀⠀⣿⡇⢰⣶⡄⣤⣤⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡋⢁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠤⠄⢠⡕⡆⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣛⣽⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢤⠀⠈⣗⠁⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠟⠋⠙⠋⠉⠉⠻⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣾⠂⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣛⣫⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠺⠍⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠐⠆⢀⣄⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡉⠀⡄⠀⠀⡤⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢈⣋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠊⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠿⠶⠂⢀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢌⠂⢘⡋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣓⣘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢘⠃⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠿⠿⣛⣯⣭⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄⣀⣠⣤⣾⠿⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠁⠀⢠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣛⣩⣥⣶⣾⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢛⣩⣥⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠃⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣦⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⠟⣋⣩⣥⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⣛⣭⣴⣾⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢛⣋⣭⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢛⣋⣭⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣋⣭⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢛⣉⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢋⣉⣥⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢛⣋⣩⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1307

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Planet_Ubuntu_Overrun_by_LLM_Slop_Faizul_Piju_9M2PJU_Seems_to_b.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/Planet_Ubuntu_Overrun_by_LLM_Slop_Faizul_Piju_9M2PJU_Seems_to_b.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Planet Ubuntu Overrun by LLM Slop? Faizul
"Piju" 9M2PJU Seems to be Publishing Fake Articles About
"Linux"...⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


9M2PJU, "Malaysian amateur radio operator" (description of oneself), is in
Planet Ubuntu. We've linked to that site many times in the past, but yesterday
we saw something different. It smelled like LLM slop, so we've checked. First
this:


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇ZRAM_and_ZSWAP:_A_Deep_Dive_into_Linux_Memory_Optimization⦈_


100% LLM slop? https://gptzero.me/ says so. So does this one:


  🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇In_the_world_of_modern_computing,_memory_management_is_a
                    critical_aspect_of_system_performance⦈_


Around the same time also this:


        🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_Role_of_Compression_Algorithms_in_ZRAM⦈_


100% LLM slop? Seems so.


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇The_choice_of_compression_algorithm_is_a_critical_factor_in
                        optimizing_ZRAM’s_performance⦈_


Maybe it is "assisted" by LLM slop, but slop is slop and it introduces many
problems. We'll keep an eye on that site in case there's a repetitive pattern
like that. █




⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠰⣶⣤⡄⣀⠀⢀⠄⣤⣶⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠶⠀⠰⠞⠛⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠆⠲⠐⠔⠀⠦⢂⠢⢀⠂⠐⡰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⠾⡶⠖⡶⠶⠶⢶⠾⠲⠴⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⣉⣉⣛⣏⣛⣛⣛⣻⣋⣉⣿⣏⣉⣉⣛⣙⣋⣉⣩⣝⣻⣿⣉⣉⣋⣹⣭⣛⣩⣛⣙⣻⣿⣙⣉⣉⣉⣏⣙⣉⣹⣿⣉⣉⣙⣉⣍⣹⣍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣵⣤⣦⣥⣥⣭⣥⣭⣭⣬⣭⣥⣭⣬⣭⣭⣤⣭⣿⣧⣤⣴⣤⣧⣥⣥⣴⣤⣤⣦⣤⣧⣭⣤⣭⣬⣭⣤⣭⣥⣭⣭⣭⣭⣧⣬⣬⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣛⣙⣏⣉⣉⣉⣿⣏⣉⣉⣿⣉⣉⣏⣙⣋⣛⣛⣿⣏⣉⣉⣻⣉⣿⣙⣋⣉⣹⣿⣉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣋⣉⣉⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣛⣹⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣙⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣦⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣧⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣻⣛⣛⣻⣟⣻⣛⣻⣟⣛⣛⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣟⣛⣻⣛⣟⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢭⣭⢽⣭⢭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣿⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⣽⣯⣭⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣭⣭⣭⣽⣭⣯⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⡍⢉⠋⠋⠛⢹⠟⠛⠻⠋⣿⠍⡍⢩⠉⠋⠏⠋⢉⢻⡿⠙⣿⠩⠙⠛⠛⠛⢻⡏⠍⢙⠛⠛⣿⠙⢛⠙⢻⡏⠏⠛⠛⠟⠛⣿⠙⠹⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣐⣠⢉⣅⣉⣉⣉⣋⣋⣁⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠭⠭⢭⡭⠭⢭⠭⠭⠭⢭⡭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⡭⡭⡭⢭⡭⠭⠭⢭⡭⠭⢭⣭⡭⠭⡭⠭⠭⢽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣻⣛⡛⣛⡛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣻⣛⣛⣻⡛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣻⡛⢛⣛⣛⣛⡟⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⡛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣻⣫⣛⣻⣿⣛⣛⣟⣋⣙⣋⣛⣟⣟⣛⣋⣋⣙⣟⣛⣛⣟⣟⣋⣛⣛⣛⣙⣻⣩⣹⣻⣋⣛⣻⣛⣹⣛⣛⣛⣏⣻⣉⣉⣉⣛⣻⣉⣍⣉⣽⣛⣛⣟⣙⣛⣛⣏⣋⣟⣟⣉⣟⣋⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣬⢾⣧⣤⡤⣽⣴⣼⣤⣴⡧⣷⣧⣤⣮⣧⢥⡭⣬⣷⣬⣬⣾⣼⣬⡤⣾⡯⢶⢷⣤⡾⣶⡯⣾⣼⣼⣶⣼⣤⣤⡼⣴⣧⣴⣵⣧⣦⣵⣶⣼⣶⣦⣬⣧⣶⣾⣾⣴⣵⣦⣼⣧⣥⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⣘⣹⣍⣉⡙⢉⣉⣏⣁⣟⣉⣙⣙⣉⣛⣉⣉⣸⣋⣉⣍⣉⣙⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣉⣅⣌⣉⣁⣧⣉⣇⣈⣉⣉⣩⣹⣀⣉⣈⣁⣉⣁⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⠶⡶⠶⠺⠶⡾⠷⠾⢷⠶⠶⢾⡶⠶⠾⡶⡶⢷⠖⠳⠶⢶⠗⣶⡶⠶⠷⢶⠷⠷⠷⠶⡾⠷⠾⠾⡶⢶⠿⡶⠲⢾⠿⠶⠖⠶⠷⠖⠾⠲⠖⣾⠳⠷⢶⠶⠶⠶⠾⢻⡾⠷⠷⠶⡷⠾⠾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣛⣛⣟⣛⣟⣋⣛⣛⣋⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣛⣛⣟⣙⣟⣟⣛⣛⣻⣛⣻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣄⠹⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⣷⠀⡟⢋⡛⢛⠀⡛⢋⡙⠿⠛⣙⣛⠀⡻⠛⡙⠻⠛⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣠⣤⡄⢻⠀⣿⣿⠀⠛⢋⣠⣇⠐⠒⣾⠀⣇⠐⠒⣢⡘⠛⣿⡀⢃⡘⠛⣠⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣥⣴⣥⣼⣤⣧⣬⣿⣥⣥⣤⣥⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⡏⠀⠉⠉⡏⠙⠉⠉⠀⠁⡏⠍⢨⢩⠉⠩⠉⠈⠉⠉⡉⡏⠍⠍⠉⠉⠉⠹⠁⠈⠉⠉⢿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⡍⢹⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⢹⠈⢹⠏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠾⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣧⣥⣼⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣨⣤⣤⣧⣬⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣴⣤⣬⣧⣄⣥⣠⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠋⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠋⡟⠉⠛⠙⠛⡟⠛⠛⠙⠛⡏⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢋⢿⠛⠋⠉⠙⠋⠛⢛⠋⡟⡛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢋⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣾⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣈⣇⣀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣆⣀⣬⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣇⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣻⣇⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣀⣇⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠛⢛⡋⠛⡛⠛⠙⡛⠛⠙⠛⠛⡏⠉⠛⠛⣯⢉⢩⠙⠉⠉⠋⡟⠛⠛⠛⢹⡍⡉⠉⠉⠉⠍⠉⠍⣻⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠙⠛⠙⠻⡟⠋⠛⠛⢻⡏⠉⠛⠋⠉⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣦⣤⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣧⣶⣶⣤⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣃⣀⣁⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣀⣈⣇⡀⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢰⣇⣀⣈⣀⠀⢀⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠻⠛⠻⢻⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⢻⠛⠛⠛⡟⠟⣿⡟⠛⠻⠛⡟⠻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠻⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣿⣶⣾⣶⣦⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⡀⢃⠀⠈⢸⡋⠉⡍⠁⡗⠠⠠⢀⢀⠀⣀⠀⣰⢠⡇⡀⠈⠉⠉⣍⠁⠈⠀⡇⢨⠉⢉⢉⡋⠉⡅⠉⠈⡍⠉⠀⠉⠿⡏⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⡇⠈⠉⠉⡉⢹⠸⠈⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠛⢻⠻⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠷⠞⠛⠿⣿⠶⠛⠿⠿⠿⠻⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⢛⢻⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣤⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣿⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣠⣹⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣇⣠⣥⣤⣴⣤⣤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠏⠉⢠⠉⡏⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⢩⠉⣯⠀⠙⠉⠉⠉⢹⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠹⡇⠉⡟⠁⠉⠁⠉⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠲⠊⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠇⠀⠐⠂⠸⠀⠼⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣏⠶⠉⠉⢍⠍⠉⠉⣹⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⢈⠈⢽⡇⠀⠉⣿⠭⢨⡫⡉⢉⢙⡍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⡿⠿⠹⠿⠿⡿⣿⡋⡟⡙⠋⢻⡟⡙⠫⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣧⣤⣴⣥⣤⣯⣿⣥⣥⣥⣦⣼⣵⣥⣯⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⢩⢙⡟⢻⡏⢽⡛⣿⠻⣿⡻⣛⡟⣭⣟⠟⣛⡟⣻⢻⠻⡟⡟⣿⡻⢟⢿⡟⢻⡟⣻⡛⢟⢙⡋⢻⡻⢻⢻⡏⢛⣿⣍⡏⢽⠏⠿⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠒⠒⠁⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠠⠄⢻⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠏⠩⠙⡅⢈⠋⠭⠙⠋⣉⣩⠀⡙⢉⣉⢻⠉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣶⣶⣈⣇⣼⣿⣇⣈⣡⣴⣧⣉⣩⣧⣈⣄⣉⣹⣤⣉⣹⣄⣱⣌⣁⣼⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡏⢝⠉⡋⡋⢹⠉⢽⡯⢯⢋⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⡍⠛⠛⡟⠋⠛⠋⠙⠛⢻⠛⠋⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⢻⠛⠉⠛⠛⠋⠉⠙⠛⡛⡏⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠙⠛⠛⢹⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⡏⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠷⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠷⠶⠿⣿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣸⣥⣥⣦⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣇⣤⣤⣤⣬⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣄⣠⣥⣤⣤⣧⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠍⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⡏⠉⡍⠁⡏⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠹⡏⠉⠉⠁⡇⢨⠉⢹⠨⠉⠉⠁⠍⠍⠉⠉⠈⠍⠉⡏⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⢹⠩⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡟⡻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡟⣟⠛⠟⡿⠿⠻⠛⠿⠿⠷⡾⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣮⣤⣤⣿⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣧⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣬⣤⣤⣤⣧⣬⣧⣥⣬⣦⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣦⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣈⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣉⣸⣉⣁⣀⣉⣈⣉⣉⣉⠉⢻⣉⣁⣈⣀⣉⣗⣰⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣉⣀⣈⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠟⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⣛⠻⠛⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣄⣸⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣸⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣀⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⠫⢹⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⠉⠉⡉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠍⠍⠉⠉⠉⠩⠉⠉⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢿⠉⠩⠉⢹⠉⠉⠉⢹⠉⠉⠉⠉⢩⡟⠉⡋⢋⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡷⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠛⠿⠿⡿⠷⠞⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⡿⠿⢻⠿⠶⢾⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠾⢶⡟⠟⠛⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣥⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣴⣧⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣴⣦⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣼⣠⣬⣮⣤⣧⣄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣂⣮⣤⣼⣴⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⢹⠉⢿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⣙⠩⡩⡉⠉⠁⢉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠁⣏⠉⠉⠁⢉⠉⠁⠁⠈⠉⢸⡩⠈⢉⠁⠨⡉⢹⠉⢩⡏⠹⡇⠁⠉⢈⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣟⢛⠛⠻⠻⠻⠛⠻⢿⠛⠿⠿⠛⠿⠛⠟⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡟⠛⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣷⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣴⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣹⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣱⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣂⣸⠌⣀⣀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⣀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡀⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠋⠀⠐⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠁⠐⠈⠀⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1560

╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕

(ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/S_E_O_SPAM_by_Serial_Sloppers_With_L_L_M_Garbage_is_Hurting_Lin.shtml
    Gemini version at https://techrights.org/n/2025/02/01/S_E_O_SPAM_by_Serial_Sloppers_With_L_L_M_Garbage_is_Hurting_Lin.gmi

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ S.E.O. SPAM by Serial Sloppers With L.L.M.
Garbage is Hurting Linux⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025,
updated Feb 01, 2025


Any time a Serial_Slopper (SS or repeat plagiarist) targets (GNU/)"Linux" or
"security" or "Linux security" or whatever (linuxsecurity.com does this almost
every day) we all stand to suffer. The Web in general suffers from that.


Here's the latest (new) example:


   🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Intel_Brings_Next-Level_Security_to_Linux_with_Partner
                              Security_Engine_⦈_


Notice that it's 100% fake, it's just LLM slop:


    🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Intel_recently_introduced_a_game-changer_in_hardware
 security_with_its_new_Partner_Security_Engine_integrated_into_the_Core_Ultra
                                  Series_2⦈_


When it comes to LLM slop about "Linux", we must not keep quiet or stay
passive. We believe the strategy is to keep naming Serial Sloppers and that
this way others won't follow. We want to discourage the practice of using slop
for 'articles' (if not universally, then at least in the domain of Free
software and/or tech in general).


"There is a problem with some using slop for graphics and/or pretend
summaries," an associate adds. "They'll have a real blog post or article but
damage it with a slop decoration."


We continue to run Slopwatch*, wherein we try to summarise a batch of examples
and culprits; please join us in calling out the culprits, discouraging this and
other such behaviour. █


_____


* Prior parts in Slopwatch:


    * Slopwatch:_Brittany_Day_and_Brian_Fagioli_Are_Still_at_It,_Googlebombing
      "Linux"_With_LLM_Slop_(Taking_Away_Traffic_From_the_Articles_They're
      Plagiarising)
    * Slopwatch:_Too_Lazy_to_Write_Real_Articles,_Offloading_to_Chatbots
      Instead_(LLM_Slop_About_"Linux")
    * Slopwatch:_Fake_'Articles'_About_Linux_by_Brian_Fagioli_and_by_Brittany
      Day_in_BetaNews_and_linuxsecurity.com_(LLM_Slop_Sites_That_Are_Online
      Leeches_or_SEO_Operations_Working_Against_Free_Software_Journalism)
    * Slopwatch:_Too_Lazy_to_Write_Real_Articles,_Offloading_to_Chatbots
      Instead_(LLM_Slop_About_"Linux")
    * Slopwatch:_BetaNews_Plagiarism_and_LLM_Slop_by_UNIXMen
    * Slopwatch:_Fake_Articles_About_"Linux"_and_More_(Latest_Roundup_Featuring
      BetaNews,_Janus_Atienza,_and_Brittany_Day_From_Guardian_Digital,_Inc)


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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⢢⣤⢰⠀⡤⣠⢠⠔⢂⢄⠄⠠⢤⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠚⠀⠛⠐⠀⠐⠀⠐⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠠⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠧⠤⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣦⡀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠐⠠⠀⠀⠀⢙⣛⠋⠀⢔⣒⡶⢾⡿⠷⢦⣤⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠒⠒⠄⠀⡖⠒⠒⠢⠄⡠⠖⠒⠢⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠔⠒⠂⠀⢰⠒⠒⢤⠐⠐⢱⠆⠀⠐⢲⢦⠀⠀⠀⡰⣦⣁⣀⡰⠀⣐⠌⠁⠒⠠⢂⠚⠓⢂⠤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⢤⣀⠀⠀⣧⠤⠤⠀⢰⠁⠀⠀⠀⢱⠀⠀⠀⠘⠦⣀⡀⠀⢸⣀⣀⡸⠀⢀⠇⠘⡄⠀⢸⠈⢇⠀⢠⠃⡇⠐⠀⠀⠠⢀⠀⢀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠁⠂⢄⡀⠈⠐⠀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⣆⠀⠀⢀⡜⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⠂⢸⠠⠢⠄⠀⡞⠉⠉⢳⡀⢸⠀⠘⣄⠎⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠐⠐⠀⡀⠄⠀⠐⠂⠈⡂⠤⣀⠀⠃⢀⠠⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠈⡉⠉⠉⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠥⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠄⠐⠀⠀⠐⠉⡂⠂⠤⠆⠀⠂⠀⠀⠉⠒⠠⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⠂⠀⠀⢀⠀⠐⠂⠈⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠠⠢⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠐⡀⠈⠂⡀⠐⢀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠁⠂⠁⡂⢀⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⢤⠀⠀⠈⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣭⣿⠿⠿⠟⠂⡈⠐⠇⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠌⠈⠐⠈⠀⠀⠀⠑⠢⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠠⠀⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡉⠲⠤⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠤⠀⠉⠄⠲⠀⠀⠠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠐⠀⠀⣀⠀⣰⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡤⠐⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢦⡈⠓⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠄⣂⣠⣴⡶⠟⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡀⣀⡀⠀⠁⠉⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠳⠱⠉⠀⣀⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡤⠰⣖⣩⣴⣾⠟⠋⡷⠟⠋⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⡴⠖⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠒⠦⢤⡀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠰⠟⠃⠁⠐⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⣼⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣶⣿⡿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁
⣿⣿⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣤⣶⣤⣌⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤
⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣈⣉⣉⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗
⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⣍⣉⣏⣉⣉⣹⣉⣍⣉⣉⣍⣍⣉⣏⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟
⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿
⣿⣿⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧
⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠷⠾⢷⠶⢶⠷⢾⠶⠶⠶⣾⠾⡷⠶⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇
⣿⣿⠒⠒⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣛⣛⣟⣻⣛⣛⣻⣟⣛⣟⣛⣻⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿
⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭

                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1695

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Gemini Links 01/02/2025: LLMs, Analog
Computer, and BorgBackup⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Coffee_in_office⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Gemini*_and_Gopher
          o Personal/Opinions
          o Technology_and_Free_Software
                # Internet/Gemini
    * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾


          o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾


                # ⚓ Swinging_back⠀⇛


                       Swinging back into more of a normal life. Yoga and
                       Karate on Tuesday, had a sauna with friend on
                       Wednesday. Thursday improv with the theater troupe,
                       Friday Karate, and hopefully some synth jamming at
                       night. Saturday, there is a dance party, Sunday I
                       fiddle in the afternoon, and then some bhajan
                       singing in the evening. It all feels more
                       connected, more human. A shift, a drift in a calmer
                       reality.


                       I remember that everything I do can lead to my
                       healing, or my dying. Breathing, eating,
                       relaxing... Can I choose health?


                # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_ACFMOTU_Wordo:_POUTS⠀⇛


                # ⚓ My_cats⠀⇛


                       As a first post here, let me tell you about my
                       three black cats (all rescues).


                       Pixie is non-vocal. She did a little beep the other
                       day, which was the first thing she's said in over a
                       year. But she's also the most placid, chill being
                       on the planet. She has beautiful sleek fur and eyes
                       that turn from gold to green depending on the
                       light. She's less of a cat and more of some
                       shapeshifting spirit who took a jaunt from the
                       Otherworld and ended up in my house.


                       Sage is Pixie's sister and the complete opposite in
                       personality. She's a cranky puss, with wild, chewed
                       fur and a constant look of derision on her oval
                       face. Because she had gum disease she doesn't have
                       many teeth left - just a single snaggletooth in her
                       bottom front gum. She doesn't half scream for her
                       food. Bellows. Poor Sagey isn't well though and
                       will probably have to go on chemo soon (she, like
                       the others, is only young). Despite her crankiness
                       she can be a soft little pudding and likes to be
                       snuggled up with you every once in a while. She's
                       very cute.


          o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾


                # ⚓ My_AI_is_bigger_than_yours⠀⇛


                       It's fresh news that DeepSeek, a Chinese startup,
                       released a reasoning LLM comparable in performances
                       to the best offering from OpenAI while spending
                       just $6 million to train it. All the math and all
                       the technical details the company leveraged to
                       build the model are in the related whitepaper you
                       can find on ArXiv.


                # ⚓ Analog_Computer_Progress_Report⠀⇛


                       I have two integrators, one inverter, and one
                       adder, though I haven't had time to test the adder
                       yet. There are a few potentiometers on the bottom
                       which will be used for coefficients, at least until
                       I am able to mount some larger and better-quality
                       potentiometers.


                # ⚓ Two_Heads⠀⇛


                       Corporations are not a single entity, so it could
                       be that the cloud team sees potential where the AI
                       department only finds the Great Satan. So, the
                       cloud folks deploying it while at the same time the
                       AI group decries it would not be impossible. Such
                       dissonance may take some amount of fun internal
                       politics to resolve depending on which team can
                       make a better case, the mood of the CEO, whether
                       mercury is in retrograde, and many other such
                       rational and scientific considerations. Probably
                       they are hosting it for that sweet, sweet short-
                       term profit, and if it turns out the Dear Leader is
                       against such foreign code (possibly on account of
                       lobbying by certain sabre-rattling taxpayer-teating
                       techbro corporations) then it may vanish, or if
                       accepted the complaints will vanish readily enough
                       behind the latest noise of the news cycle. We have
                       always been friends with DeepSeek!


                # ⚓ On_netmasks⠀⇛


                       though is not efficient, the above involving
                       several forks and pipes and some poorly written
                       regular expressions. "127.0.0.1" might be better
                       replaced with a "^127" for a faster match against
                       the beginning of the line, or one could generate a
                       single regular expression that matches the desired
                       addresses to avoid a grep grep grep grep grep chain
                       as more subnets are added.


                # ⚓ part_1⠀⇛


                       Was digging around figuring out how to actually do
                       the pgp method.


                       [...]


                       I guess when I get around to booting up a laptop
                       with the flashdrive my private key is on, I'll make
                       a part 2.


                # ⚓ Posts⠀⇛


                       happy new year (in lunar and gregorian calendar)
                       gemspace! if you've given up on this capsule i do
                       not blame you. i have been busy behind the scenes
                       but i have not forgotten this capsule. as you
                       probably might be aware [1], [2], my latest focus
                       for this capsule is trying to get the uptime to be
                       a little more stable. i have had mixed results
                       looking back on it so far. eventually, i will
                       compile notes on this whole adventure.


                       in the meantime, i have a new tweak i am trying
                       once again that i hope will be more trouble free
                       (from my vantage point) so i can get back to
                       focusing on writing content rather than worrying
                       about the system environment matters (although they
                       do).


                # ⚓ BorgBackup_for_the_laptop_and_the_server⠀⇛


                       A few days ago I mentioned the rsync-based backup
                       script I use to copy data from the server to the
                       laptop. My actual backup script is different,
                       however.


                       [...]


                       What changed is that I use this setup to make
                       backups of the server and I have a lot more
                       services using SQLite running on the server. Making
                       a backup for a database file while it is being
                       written creates a corrupt copy of the database. So
                       what needs to happen is that I stop the services in
                       question before making a backup.


                       Since making a backup takes so long, I'm going to
                       split things up into multiple steps: First make a
                       backup without the directories containing the
                       SQLite files. Then stop each service in turn, make
                       a backup of that particular directory I had skipped
                       and start the service again.


                # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾


                      # ⚓ ZINE_ABOUT_SMALL_WEB_-_5_issue_is_out⠀⇛


                             it’s from february and was supposed to come
                             out in 3 days, but i decided it was unfair to
                             leave people without reading material on the
                             weekend, so i invite you to visit elpis, and
                             have a nice weekend


===============================================================================
* Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1927

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 01/02/2025: Administrative Chaos and
Aviation Disasters Persist⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Spring_Flowers_Yellow_Daffodils⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Science
          o Career/Education
          o Hardware
          o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
          o Proprietary
          o Pseudo-Open_Source
                # Openwashing
          o Security
                # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
                # Privacy/Surveillance
                # Confidentiality
          o Defence/Aggression
          o Environment
                # Energy/Transportation
                # Wildlife/Nature
                # Overpopulation
          o Finance
          o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
          o Censorship/Free_Speech
          o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
          o Civil_Rights/Policing
          o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
          o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
          o Monopolies/Monopsonies
                # Patents
                # Trademarks
                # Copyrights
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Cory Dransfeldt ☛ Blog_questions_and_whatnot⠀⇛


                 I've seen the blog question challenge going around
                 recently among folks I follow and bacardi55 was kind
                 enough to tag me to participate. So, without further
                 delay, here we go!


          o ⚓ Mandaris Moore ☛ A_brief_note_about_longform⠀⇛


                 We live in a world where sometimes 180 to 300 words don’t
                 really convey what we want to say. For some of us, we’d
                 like to share a little more. This works for our personal
                 blogs, but it seems as if some of us want more. And it
                 seems as if there is some change coming to the service.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Conversation ☛ Leonardo_da_Vinci’s_incredible_studies
                  of_human_anatomy_still_don’t_get_the_recognition_they
                  deserve⠀⇛


                       Being illegitimate, the young Leonardo was only
                       permitted an elementary education in reading,
                       writing and arithmetic. He was also barred from
                       becoming a notary, but this worked out to his
                       advantage. Instead of being constrained by life as
                       an officiate, he was free to be creative and
                       explore the world of nature, satisfying his
                       insatiable appetite for knowledge.


                       The human anatomy became one of his great
                       interests. This was seeded during his time as an
                       apprentice in Andrea del Verrocchio’s bottega
                       (studio) in Florence, where studying the human form
                       was crucial for achieving realistic depictions.


                       Creating detailed anatomical drawings required
                       precise sketching skills and the ability to
                       accurately depict the structures being studied. As
                       Leonardo’s fascination grew, he would delve deeper
                       into anatomy as a discipline.


                # ⚓ Science News ☛ Do_science_dioramas_still_have_a_place_in
                  today’s_museums?⠀⇛


                       Over the decades, though, dioramas have become
                       dusty museum pieces themselves. These time capsules
                       preserve the thinking of their time, including some
                       biases that can be scientifically inaccurate, like
                       an overemphasis on prize male specimens. And
                       taxidermied still lifes must compete for attention
                       in a multimedia world.


                       Indeed, by 2000, many museums were wondering if
                       they should toss their dioramas as old-fashioned
                       space-hogs that stretched the truth in the name of
                       storytelling. The displays were considered dull or
                       downright creepy by some museum visitors; others
                       criticized the echoes of an age when wealthy,
                       white, male hunters grabbed fauna from native
                       habitats to put on display.


                       This “diorama dilemma” prompted some museums to
                       reduce or remove displays. Others, recognizing the
                       powerful hold that dioramas can still have on
                       visitors, kept the displays in place.


                # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ 'Abandoned'_astro_takes_recordbreaking
                  ninth_spacewalk⠀⇛


                       Williams was accompanied by fellow astronaut, Butch
                       Wilmore, on her ninth spacewalk. It was Wilmore's
                       fifth spacewalk. According to NASA, Williams now
                       has 62 hours and six minutes of total spacewalk
                       time, which places her fourth on the space agency's
                       all-time list.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Mouse_Created_With_Two_Fathers_And_No
                  Mother_Survives_to_Adulthood⠀⇛


                       A major breakthrough.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Giant_Radio_Galaxy_Could_Hold_30_Milky
                  Ways,_Astronomers_Say⠀⇛


                       Millions of light-years from end to end.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Could_We_Use_Gravitational_Waves_For_Space
                  Communication?_Scientists_Are_Exploring⠀⇛


                       They don’t fade like radio signals.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Caffeine_in_Your_Blood_Could_Affect_Body
                  Fat_And_Diabetes_Risk,_Study_Reveals⠀⇛


                       Something to think about.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ NASA_Captures_'Most_Intense_Volcanic
                  Eruption_Ever'_on_Jupiter's_Moon_Io⠀⇛


                       Images show an enormous hotspot.


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ World's_Space_Agencies_Say_Asteroid_Has
                  1.3%_Chance_of_Hitting_Earth_in_2032⠀⇛


                       Here’s what we know so far.


          o § Career/Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ James G ☛ Organising_my_bookshelf⠀⇛


                       That is, until I saw a bookshelf for sale in a
                       second-hand furniture store last week. As I walked
                       through the store, I was delighted by all of the
                       furniture around me that was built. Some pieces
                       were antiquated, others were more modern. One piece
                       caught my eye: a three-shelf bookcase. This would
                       be great for my flat! I thought to myself. Excited,
                       I purchased the bookcase. I now have a bookshelf. I
                       am so excited.


                # ⚓ Nebraska Examiner ☛ Nebraskans_want_and_support_strong
                  public_schools⠀⇛


                       Proponents of measures that would divert public
                       resources to private schools often claim that
                       public school advocates do not believe in choice.
                       Nothing could be further from the truth. We believe
                       that if a school is funded through public dollars,
                       it should be publicly accountable and should follow
                       the most important belief we hold: that we have the
                       privilege of educating all students who come
                       through our doors.


                # ⚓ Manuel Moreale ☛ P&B:_Donny_Truong⠀⇛


                       This is the 75th edition of People and Blogs, the
                       series where I ask interesting people to talk about
                       themselves and their blogs. Today we have Donny
                       Truong and his blog, visualgui.com


                # ⚓ Andre Alves Garzia ☛ Went_to_a_book_launch_this_week⠀⇛


                       This week went to Glasgow for Annabel Campbell's
                       debut novel launch. The Outcast Mage is a book that
                       I been looking forward ever since Annabel first
                       mentioned it to me at one of the Edinburgh SFF
                       socials.


                # ⚓ Caitlin Dewey ☛ Ground_control_to_Myspace_Tom_-_by_Caitlin
                  Dewey⠀⇛


                       In 2014, when ABC News asked him if he’d ever come
                       back to tech, Myspace Tom humbly demurred. “Why
                       aren’t more tech people like MySpace Tom?” asked a
                       2020 Cracked article.


                       In fairness, no one really knows if Anderson would
                       navigate our current social media environment with
                       more or less grace than the current bozos.1 He left
                       the game in 2009, when social media was still
                       widely and unreservedly viewed as a force for
                       social good. His scandals were of the comical2 and
                       momentary sort; his politics — if he has them3 —
                       have always seemed wan and vague.


                       But the fact that Anderson did retire from tech,
                       and at the tender age of 38, testifies to a
                       political philosophy and a set of values that feel
                       almost radical today. People like Musk and
                       Zuckerberg are hell-bent on amassing unprecedented,
                       indecent stores of power and wealth. Anderson isn’t
                       exactly curing cancer, by comparison … but he’s at
                       least bucked the gospel of infinite extraction.


                # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ States_Turn_to_Private_Companies_to_Manage
                  School_Voucher_Programs⠀⇛


          o § Hardware⠀➾


                # ⚓ Tom's Hardware ☛ Intel_cancels_Falcon_Shores_GPU_for_Hey_Hi
                  (AI)_workloads_—_Jaguar_Shores_to_be_successor⠀⇛


                       Intel's next-generation Hey Hi (AI) and HPC GPU
                       will only be used internally, Jaguar shores will be
                       the real successor for Gaudi 3 in the Hey Hi (AI)
                       space.


                # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Why_artificial_intelligence_[hype]
                  could_cause_the_lights_to_dim⠀⇛


                       "Data centers is one of the new industrial sectors
                       that we've been looking at because it's part of the
                       emerging economy and new technologies," said Arman
                       Shehab


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_1962_Test_Gear_Teardown⠀⇛


                       Although it sounds like some Star Trek McGuffin, a
                       Q-Meter is a piece of test gear that measures the Q
                       factor of a tuned circuit. [Thomas] got a Boonton
                       meter from 1962 that wasn’t in very good shape, but
                       it was a fun teardown, as you can see in the video
                       below. The meter had signs of a prior modification
                       or repair, but still a nice peek into some vintage
                       gear.


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Retrotechtacular:_The_Tyranny_Of_Large_Numbers⠀⇛


                       Although much diminished now, the public switched
                       telephone network was one of the largest machines
                       ever constructed. To make good on its promise of
                       instant communication across town or around the
                       world, the network had to reach into every home and
                       business, snake along poles to thousands of central
                       offices, and hum through the ether on microwave
                       links. In its heyday it was almost unfathomably
                       complex, with calls potentially passing through
                       thousands of electronic components, any of which
                       failing could present anything from a minor
                       annoyance to a matter of life or death.


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Comparing_Adhesives_For_Gluing_PETG_Prints⠀⇛


                       PETG is a pretty great material to print 3D models
                       with, but one issue with it is that gluing it can
                       be a bit of a pain. In a recent video by [Cosel]
                       (German language, with English auto-dub) he notes
                       that he found that with many adhesives the adhesion
                       between PETG parts would tend to fail over time, so
                       he set out to do a large test with just about any
                       adhesive he could get his hands on. This included
                       everything from epoxy to wood glue and various
                       adhesives for plastics


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Copper_Candle_Burns_Forever…_Just_Add_Fuel⠀⇛


                       [Zen Garden Oasis] wanted to heat and light a space
                       using a candle. But candles aren’t always
                       convenient since they burn down and, eventually,
                       you must replace them. So he built copper candles
                       using a common copper pipe and an old glass jar. Of
                       course, the candle still takes fuel that you have
                       to replace, but the candle itself doesn’t burn
                       down.


                # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Samsung’s_stock_falls_on_fears_of_weakness
                  in_memory_chip_markets⠀⇛


                       South Korean technology giant Samsung Electronics
                       Co. Ltd. delivered better-than-expected fourth-
                       quarter revenue today, though it reported a sharp
                       fall in operating profit as a result of higher
                       research and development costs in its chip
                       business.


          o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Patching_Up_Failing_Hearts_With_Engineered
                  Muscle_Tissue⠀⇛


                       As the most important muscle in our body, any
                       issues with our heart are considered critical and
                       reason for replacement with a donor heart.
                       Unfortunately donor hearts are rather rare, making
                       alternatives absolutely necessary, or at the very
                       least a way to coax the old heart along for longer.
                       A new method here seems to be literally patching up
                       a patient’s heart with healthy heart tissue, per
                       the first human study results by [Ahmad-Fawad
                       Jebran] et al. as published in Nature (as well as a
                       partially paywalled accompanying article).


                # ⚓ Is_it_safe_to_watch_DCIS_rather_than_remove_it?⠀⇛


                       It’s been a long time since I’ve written much about
                       the one area where even quacks, cranks, and
                       antivaxxers can’t argue that I don’t have
                       expertise: Breast cancer. Oddly enough, it’s been a
                       while since I’ve written about it, other than early
                       after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, when
                       radiologists were noting reactive enlarged lymph
                       nodes under the arm after vaccination that were
                       sometimes leading to unnecessary biopsies Oddly
                       enough, even though I was aware of this study last
                       month and had been meaning to write about it, what
                       tweaked me to actually do so was an article that I
                       encountered from an antivaxxer whom I’ve written
                       about periodically, Maryanne Demasi, DCIS: should
                       we stop calling it “breast cancer”?, with a blurb
                       of, Renewed calls to minimise the overdiagnosis and
                       unnecessary treatment of breast abnormalities.


                # ⚓ EcoWatch ☛ Microplastics_in_Human_Placentas_Linked_to
                  Premature_Births⠀⇛


                       In the study, researchers analyzed 175 placentas
                       collected at both term and preterm, or under 37
                       weeks of pregnancy, and measured the amounts of 12
                       different microplastics and nanoplastics, including
                       polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
                       polyurethane (PU) and polyethylene terephthalate
                       (PET), using highly sensitive mass spectrometry.


                # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ America's_Supplement_Obsession_Could_Go_Into
                  Overdrive⠀⇛


                       In an already permissive environment, Kennedy’s
                       confirmation could signal to supplement
                       manufacturers that anything goes, Cohen said. If
                       the little regulation that the FDA is responsible
                       for now—surveilling supplements after they’re on
                       the market—lapses, more adulterated and mislabeled
                       supplements could line store shelves. And Americans
                       might well pour even more of our money into the
                       industry, egged on by the wellness influencer
                       charged with protecting our health and loudly
                       warning that most of our food and drug supply is
                       harmful. Kennedy might even try to get in on the
                       supplement rush himself. Yesterday, The Washington
                       Post reported that, according to documents filed to
                       the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Kennedy
                       applied to trademark MAHA last year, which would
                       allow him to sell, among other things, MAHA-branded
                       supplements and vitamins. (He transferred ownership
                       of the application to an LLC in December. Kennedy’s
                       team did not respond to the Post.)


                # ⚓ Crooked Timber ☛ Will_big_data_lift_the_veil_of
                  ignorance?⠀⇛


                       This may sound like science fiction. But many other
                       insurances, e.g. car insurances, already build on
                       automated data being shared with them. If they were
                       allowed, health insurers would certainly like to
                       access our data as well – not only those from smart
                       toothbrushes, but also credit card data, behavioral
                       data (e.g. from step counting apps), or genetic
                       data. If they were allowed to use them, they could
                       move towards segmented insurance plans for specific
                       target groups. As two commentators, on whose
                       research I come back below, recently wrote about
                       health insurance: “Today, public plans and
                       nondiscrimination clauses, not lack of information,
                       are what stands between integrtion and
                       segmentation.”


          o § Proprietary⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Microsoft_defines_what_it_means_by
                  'deprecation'⠀⇛


                       This all leads us to the thorny issue of Windows
                       10. Has it been deprecated? While the AI overview
                       provided by Google says, "Yes, Windows 10 is
                       considered deprecated, meaning Microsoft has ended
                       major development and support for it," we'd contend
                       that the correct answer is no. Support will end for
                       most versions on October 14, 2025, and development
                       continues, as evidenced by the Windows Insider
                       program.


                # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ VMware_plugs_credential-leaking_bugs_in
                  Cloud_Foundation⠀⇛


                       Broadcom has fixed five flaws, collectively deemed
                       "high severity," in VMware's IT operations and log
                       management tools within Cloud Foundation, including
                       two information disclosure bugs that could lead to
                       credential leakage under certain conditions.


                       All five have patches available. Broadcom's
                       security advisory doesn't note any in-the-wild
                       exploits, yet.


                # ⚓ Cyble Inc ☛ Critical_Vulnerabilities_Found_In_CMS8000
                  Patient_Monitor⠀⇛


                       A new set of critical vulnerabilities has been
                       identified in Contec Health’s CMS8000 Patient
                       Monitor, posing significant cybersecurity and
                       patient safety risks. These vulnerabilities, which
                       have received a CVSS v4 base score of 9.3, allow
                       for remote exploitation with low attack complexity.
                       The security issues identified include an Out-of-
                       Bounds Write vulnerability, a Hidden Functionality
                       (Backdoor), and Privacy Leakage. These flaws could
                       lead to remote code execution, unauthorized file
                       uploads, and exposure of sensitive patient data.


                # § Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


                      # ⚓ In_the_blink_of_an_AI⠀⇛


                             DeepSeek, an open-source Hey Hi (AI) app
                             founded by a tech entrepreneur with close
                             ties to the Chinese government.


                      # ⚓ Venture Beat ☛ Ai2_releases_Tülu_3,_a_fully_open-
                        source_model_that_bests_DeepSeek_v3,_GPT-4o_with_novel
                        post-training_approach⠀⇛


                             DeepSeek-R1 released model code and pre-
                             trained weights but not training data. Ai2 is
                             taking a different approach to be more open.


                      # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ DeepSeek_means_a_rethink_on_AI
                        investment⠀⇛


                             The hysteria comes on top of a growing unease
                             that more investment is being funneled into
                             AI development and the infrastructure to
                             support it, with little return to be seen so
                             far.


                      # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ How_DeepSeek_ripped_up_the_AI
                        playbook—and_why_everyone's_going_to_follow_it⠀⇛


                             But DeepSeek’s innovations are not the only
                             takeaway here. By publishing details about
                             how R1 and a previous model called V3 were
                             built and releasing the models for free,
                             DeepSeek has pulled back the curtain to
                             reveal that reasoning models are a lot easier
                             to build than people thought. The company has
                             closed the lead on the world’s very top labs.


                      # ⚓ Wired ☛ DeepSeek’s_Safety_Guardrails_Failed_Every
                        Test_Researchers_Threw_at_Its_AI_Chatbot⠀⇛


                             Today, security researchers from Cisco and
                             the University of Pennsylvania are publishing
                             findings showing that, when tested with 50
                             malicious prompts designed to elicit toxic
                             content, DeepSeek’s model did not detect or
                             block a single one. In other words, the
                             researchers say they were shocked to achieve
                             a “100 percent attack success rate.”


                             The findings are part of a growing body of
                             evidence that DeepSeek’s safety and security
                             measures may not match those of other tech
                             companies developing LLMs. DeepSeek’s
                             censorship of subjects deemed sensitive by
                             China’s government has also been easily
                             bypassed.


                      # ⚓ Pivot to AI ☛ DeepSeek_AI_leaves_glaring_security
                        hole_exposing_user_data,_Italy_blocks_DeepSeek⠀⇛


                             DeepSeek provided a hilarious back-to-earth
                             moment for the American AI-VC-industrial
                             complex earlier this week. But if you first
                             assume everyone in the AI bubble is a grifter
                             of questionable competence, you’ll save a lot
                             of time.


                             It turns out that DeepSeek left a database
                             completely open to the [Internet] without
                             authentication — exposing a “significant
                             volume” of chat history, backend data, log
                             streams with user data, API secret keys, and
                             “operational details.” It apparently also
                             allowed privilege escalation in the DeepSeek
                             environment.


                      # ⚓ PC World ☛ One_rebel's_malicious_'tar_pit'_trap_is
                        driving_AI_web-scrapers_insane⠀⇛


                             According to the designer, it’s possible for
                             this pattern to repeat for “months” if it
                             isn’t caught, wasting vast amounts of
                             resources for an AI company. And, to be fair,
                             it also wastes the resources of whatever
                             service is hosting the website being crawled.
                             The designer says that pretty much every AI
                             crawler has fallen for his intentional “tar
                             pit” trap, with one notable exception:
                             OpenAI, the maker of ChatGPT.


                             The anonymous designer isn’t shy about his
                             intent to harm both AI companies and models
                             with this tool (which is probably why Ars
                             didn’t publish his real name), and that the
                             Nepenthes tool doesn’t provide any real
                             benefit to whoever implements it. But in
                             addition to forcing AI scrapers into an
                             infinite loop, it can be used to feed them
                             useless data to “poison” their AI models and
                             make their results materially worse.


                      # ⚓ Heise ☛ Nepenthes:_a_tarpit_for_AI_web_crawlers_|
                        heise_online⠀⇛


                             Nepenthes works by generating a page with
                             around a dozen links that all link back to
                             themselves. What's more, the Nepenthes pages
                             have extremely long loading times, which ties
                             up time for the crawlers. The concept can be
                             tried out here (yes, loading the page at a
                             snail's pace is intentional). If you have
                             enough computing power and bandwidth, you can
                             go one step further and feed the crawlers
                             with Markov-generated nonsense that clogs up
                             the hard disks of the AI servers.


                      # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ U.S._Congressional_Staff_Banned_From_Using
                        DeepSeek⠀⇛


                             “At this time, DeepSeek is under review by
                             the Congressional Administrative Office (CAO)
                             and is currently not authorized for official
                             use in the House,” said the Chief
                             Administrative Officer of the House of
                             Representatives in a warning to employees,
                             which Axios has accessed.


                             The notice warned that there is evidence of
                             “actors” who are “already using DeepSeek to
                             distribute malicious software and infect
                             devices.”


                # § Social Control Media⠀➾


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Luddite_Teens_Still_Don’t_Want_Your
                        Likes⠀⇛


                             Three years after starting a club meant to
                             fight social control media’s grip on young
                             people, many original members are holding
                             firm and gaining new converts.


                      # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Democracies_should_learn_the
                        Fentanylware_(TikTok)_lesson_and_restrict_risky_apps
                        from_day_one⠀⇛


                             With its recent halt on implementing a
                             legally mandated ban on TikTok, the United
                             States is learning the hard way that when it
                             comes to Chinese technology [...]


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Father_Slays_New_York_Girl,_14,_in
                        Fentanylware_(TikTok)_‘Honor_Killing’⠀⇛


                             After being lured to Pakistan, Hira Anwar was
                             fatally shot by her father and an uncle over
                             online posts that her parents believed were
                             immodest, the police said.


                      # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ Country-Club_Etiquette_Adjustments_for
                        Gen_Z⠀⇛


                             No TikToks on the premises.


                      # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ $25_Billion_for_TikTok?_Latest
                        Bids_Feature_Roblox_CEO_&_Employer.com_Founder—But
                        Radio_Silence_from_ByteDance⠀⇛


                             Will ByteDance accept a $25 billion offer for
                             TikTok? American investors including the
                             Founder of Employer.com, Roblox CEO David
                             Baszucki, and Anchorage Digital’s Nathan
                             McCauley are putting together a proposal. But
                             ByteDance doesn’t seem interested at all.
                             Jesse Tinsley, Employer.com Founder says the
                             group has secured ‘over $20 billion’ to make
                             the buyout offer.


                      # ⚓ Barry Hess ☛ Socials-free_February⠀⇛


                             So it’s time to slow that negativity spigot
                             down. It’s time tamp down the FOMO.


                             In February I plan to break the habit of
                             daily socials check-ins. I’d like to put that
                             time and energy into reading offline,
                             blogging, organizing my darn spaces, and
                             rebuilding some healthy habits.


                      # ⚓ Advance Local Media LLC ☛ Texas_man_under
                        investigation_for_using_infant_as_makeshift_snow
                        scraper_for_TikTok⠀⇛


                             “It’s a sad situation. I know a lot of people
                             go to social media and they are looking for
                             clicks … but this is not a deal where you
                             should put a baby on the windshield,” Duriso
                             told 12News.


                      # ⚓ Greg Morris ☛ Micro_Social:_Reading_And_Books⠀⇛


                             There are many people out there that don’t
                             realise just how much micro.blog can do, and
                             one of my favourite things is to use it for
                             is reading. It is a great resource for
                             finding recommendations through all reading
                             posts tagged 📚 and tracking the books I read
                             through the year.


          o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾


                # § Openwashing⠀➾


                      # ⚓ RTL ☛ Not_highest_priority:_OpenAI_chief_says_it
                        needs_new_open-source_strategy⠀⇛


                             "I personally think we have been on the wrong
                             side of history here and need to figure out a
                             different open source strategy," Altman said.


                             "Not everyone at OpenAI shares this view, and
                             it's also not our current highest priority."


          o § Security⠀➾


                # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Kevin Boone ☛ Kevin_Boone:_Watch_out:_the_Chinese
                        domain_registration_scam_is_getting_slicker⠀⇛


                             What typically happens is that the victim
                             receives an email that purports to be from a
                             Chinese domain name registrar. The email says
                             that some company has applied to register a
                             .cn domain whose name matches some part of
                             the victim’s domain name. In my case, the
                             email said that a Chinese company wanted to
                             register the domain kevinboone.cn. There
                             isn’t the slightest reason why any company
                             would want to do this, and I don’t care if
                             one does; but I can see why the owners of
                             businesses might pay attention to this kind
                             of warning.


                      # ⚓ Mediaite ☛ 13,000_Federal_Employees_Receive_Abusive
                        Email_in_Comms_Exploit⠀⇛


                             “Goes to show you how fast this [new comms
                             system] was cobbled together – no security or
                             screening on this address,” a NOAA employee
                             told journalist Ken Klippenstein, who broke
                             the news.


                # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Cloudbooklet ☛ Best_DeepSeek_Jailbreak_Prompts_to
                        Access_the_Hidden_Treasure⠀⇛


                             Explore DeepSeek Jailbreak Prompts and break
                             through Hey Hi (AI) barriers, empowering you
                             with enhanced tools for coding and advanced
                             reasoning tasks.


                      # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ DeepSeek_Locked_Down_Public_Database
                        Access_That_Exposed_Chat_History⠀⇛


                             Research Firm Wiz Research began
                             investigating DeepSeek soon after its
                             generative Hey Hi (AI) took the tech world by
                             storm.


                      # ⚓ France24 ☛ Italy_blocks_DeepSeek_over_data_privacy
                        concerns⠀⇛


                             Italy's data protection agency has moved to
                             block the Chinese Hey Hi (AI) chatbot
                             DeepSeek after its developers failed to hand
                             over information about how personal data is
                             collected and whether it's stored on Chinese
                             servers. The French privacy watchdog also
                             says it's questioning DeepSeek. Plus, luxury
                             cars, designer bags and gold bars were among
                             some 300 items that went under the hammer in
                             an auction of confiscated goods held by
                             France's anti-fraud agency.


                      # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ FBI_nominee_Kash_Patel_gets
                        questions_on_cybercrime_investigations,_Silk_Road
                        founder,_surveillance_powers⠀⇛


                             Cyber otherwise wasn’t a big focus during the
                             Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on Patel’s
                             nomination to lead the bureau.


                      # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Sweden_PM_advances_law_allowing_wiretapping
                        children_to_combat_organized_crime⠀⇛


                             The law would allow wiretapping for crimes
                             that carry a prison sentence longer than four
                             years, though a higher degree of suspicion
                             would be used before pursuing the wiretapping
                             than would be used for adults who allegedly
                             committed similar crimes. The method of
                             wiretapping would be “secretly monitoring
                             phone calls and electronic communications” of
                             young people’s cell phones. The law is
                             projected to take effect in fall 2025, which
                             is accelerated from its summer 2026 proposal.


                      # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ DeepSeek_App_Blocked_In_Italy_After
                        Privacy_Complaint_Under_EU’s_GDPR,_Irish_Data
                        Protection_Commission_Also_Investigating⠀⇛


                             The Italian consumer organization
                             Altroconsumo believes that there were
                             “serious violations of GDPR regulations”
                             (original in Italian, all translations by
                             DeepL) in DeepSeek’s processing of personal
                             data, and it submitted a report to the
                             Italian data protection authority, the
                             Garante della Privacy. The Garante requested
                             information from DeepSeek about “which
                             personal data are collected, the sources
                             used, the purposes pursued, the legal basis
                             of the processing, and whether they are
                             stored on servers located in China.” In
                             addition: [...]


                      # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ ICE_Is_Swiftly_Expanding_Its_Sprawling
                        Surveillance_Apparatus⠀⇛


                             On Nov. 15, 2024, ICE posted a request for
                             information from contractors on the federal
                             procurement website to “augment its efforts
                             towards ERO modernization and organizational
                             transformation.” ERO stands for Enforcement
                             Removal Operations, the division within ICE
                             responsible for detaining and deporting
                             noncitizens. ICE asked for “support for law
                             enforcement systems programs, analysis, and
                             operations.” The agency outlined one
                             particularly alarming ability it needs:
                             “predictive analytics and modeling” to
                             collect data and improve forecasting
                             methodologies and scenario-planning
                             capabilities.


                             The request for information appears to have
                             been looking for data brokers, many of which
                             use artificial intelligence (AI) to “predict”
                             crimes. According to the 2024 report
                             “Automating Deportation” by Just Futures Law
                             and Mijente, Al tools are tainted with
                             discriminatory police practices because they
                             are often based on historical crime data
                             provided by law enforcement.


                      # ⚓ La Quadature Du Net ☛ Justice_finally_finds_Briefcam
                        unlawful⠀⇛


                             Yesterday, we achieved a great victory before
                             the Grenoble administrative court! In La
                             Quadrature du Net vs the city of Moirans,
                             Isère, we obtained a decision recognizing the
                             illegality of Briefcam’s algorithmic video
                             surveillance software. The court ordered the
                             town to immediately stop using the software.


                # § Confidentiality⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Dhole Moments ☛ Hell_Is_Overconfident_Developers
                        Writing_Encryption_Code⠀⇛


                             Overconfident developers that choose to write
                             their own cryptography code have plagued the
                             information security industry since before it
                             was even an industry.


                             This in and of itself isn’t inherently a bad
                             thing, despite the infosec truisms about
                             never doing exactly that. Writing crypto code
                             (but not deploying or publishing it!) is an
                             important first step to understanding the
                             algorithms.


                             One trend I’ve noticed (as I recently noted
                             about Session) is developers incorrectly
                             insisting that they aren’t rolling their own
                             crypto because they use a lower-level
                             cryptography library.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ Science Alert ☛ Doomsday_Clock_Moves_to_89_Seconds_From
                  Midnight,_The_Closest_Ever⠀⇛


                       Here's what that means for humanity.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Five_Thai_hostages_released_by_Hamas⠀⇛


                       Five Thai farm labourers, held hostage for nearly
                       16 months in the Gaza Strip, were released by Hamas
                       on Thursday during a truce between Israel and the
                       Palestinian militant group. They were released
                       along with three Israelis. On October 7, 2023,
                       after the unprecedented attack by Hamas militants
                       on Israel, 31 Thais were taken to the Gaza Strip as
                       hostages. FRANCE 24's Emily Boyle reports.


                # ⚓ Insight Hungary ☛ Hungarian_foreign_minister_says_European
                  politicians_don't_take_Trump's_Greenland_demands_seriously⠀⇛


                       "The US President's statements on this issue are
                       very serious, and European politicians and the
                       European media, pretend that this does not exist,
                       "Hungary's Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto said
                       during an interview with pro-government think tank
                       XXI. Century Institute. 


                       A large part of the conversation revolved around US
                       President Donald Trump's recent claims that he
                       wants to "buy" the vast Arctic territory. Trump
                       previously floated this idea in 2019 saying it's an
                       "absolute necessity" for international security. "I
                       think Greenland we'll get because it has to do with
                       freedom of the world," said the President.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ TikTok_limbo:_US_Congress_stays_quiet_as_Trump
                  breaks_its_law⠀⇛


                       Many of the things Trump has done in the past two
                       weeks will have long-term reverberations. His
                       attempt to save TikTok might seem frivolous in
                       comparison to the foreign aid shutdown or pardoning
                       of January 6 insurrectionists.


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ TikTok_Traffic_Largely_Back_to_Normal
                  in_the_US⠀⇛


                       TikTok is mostly back to its original traffic
                       levels in the US, despite its removal from app
                       stores and the temporary shutdown earlier this
                       month that saw usage fall by 85%.


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Elon’s_Twitter_Destruction_Playbook_Hits_The_US
                  Government,_And_It’s_Even_More_Dangerous⠀⇛


                       Let’s be crystal clear about what’s happening: A
                       private citizen with zero Constitutional authority
                       is effectively seizing control of critical
                       government functions. The Constitution explicitly
                       requires Senate confirmation for anyone wielding
                       significant federal power — a requirement Musk has
                       simply ignored as he installs his loyalists
                       throughout the government while demanding access to
                       basically all of the levers of power, and pushing
                       out anyone who stands in his way.


                # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ The_University_of_Michigan_Has
                  Suspended_a_Pro-Palestinian_Group_for_2_Years⠀⇛


                       Okemos is a community 60 miles (100 kilometers)
                       northwest of the Ann Arbor campus. Hubbard said at
                       the time that about 30 people were involved in the
                       6 a.m. demonstration.


                       “They approached my home and taped a letter to my
                       front door and proceeded to erect the tents. A
                       variety of other things were left in the front
                       yard,” Hubbard told The Associated Press. “They
                       started chanting with their bullhorn and pounding
                       on a drum in my otherwise quiet neighborhood.”


                # ⚓ Chronicle Of Higher Education ☛ Trump_Threatens_to_Deport
                  International_Students_and_Scholars_Who_Protested_the_War_in
                  Gaza⠀⇛


                       The Trump administration on Wednesday issued
                       guidance suggesting that international students and
                       scholars who participated in protests against the
                       Israel-Hamas war could lose their visas and face
                       deportation.


                # ⚓ Express ☛ Panic_in_Sweden_as_31_bombings_rock_country_with
                  one_city_'as_dangerou⠀⇛


                       Only Albania and Montenegro are ahead of Sweden in
                       the rankings of gun deaths per capita within Europe
                       and the city of Malmo is now classed as more
                       dangerous than Baghdad.


                       On Wednesday, Salwan Momika, 38, known for
                       repeatedly burning the Koran, was gunned down in
                       his Stockholm apartment. In a press conference
                       following the killing Prime Minister Ulf
                       Kristersson told the media it was “obvious that we
                       have no control over the wave of violence”.


                # ⚓ [Old] Nordic Review of International Studies ☛ Discussion
                  Article_NATO’s_Nordic_enlargement:_Reconfiguring_Sweden’s
                  foreign_policy_identity_after_200_years_of_neutrality_and
                  non-alignment⠀⇛


                       The public discourse on the matter initially
                       started as unequivocally uncompromising on the
                       freedom of speech on both sides of the political
                       spectrum, but the consensus started breaking as the
                       situation escalated to the point of increased
                       threat of terrorism in Sweden and violent attacks
                       against Swedish representations in Turkey and Arab
                       countries. By July 2023, a total of 53 percent of
                       respondents in a poll commissioned by SVT were in
                       favour of banning the burning of any religious
                       books (SVT, 2023).


                       In a marked contrast, Finland avoided such a
                       situation, as it still has controversial blasphemy
                       laws in place. What is more, the Finnish experience
                       during the Cold War was that national survival can
                       require compromising on some core democratic
                       values, such as the freedom of expression, during
                       the so-called Finlandisation period. In Finland,
                       the culture of self-censorship persisted to an
                       extent in the political communication even after
                       the Cold War, as the decades-long prioritisation of
                       securing sovereignty vis-à-vis the Russian
                       neighbour even at the cost of domestic democratic
                       standards had been a deeply internalised
                       socialisation process for political elites.


                # ⚓ [Old] BRÅ ☛ Gun_homicide_in_Sweden_and_other_European
                  countries:_A_comparative_study_of_levels,_trends_and_homicide
                  by_other_means._English_summary_of_Brå_report_2021:8⠀⇛


                       As regards the level of gun homicide, the rate in
                       Sweden ranks very high in relation to other
                       European countries, at approximately 4 deaths per
                       million inhabitants per year. The average for
                       Europe is approximately 1.6 deaths per million
                       inhabitants. None of the other countries included
                       in the study have experienced increases comparable
                       to that noted in Sweden. Instead, continued
                       decreases were observed in both total homicide
                       rates and rates of gun homicide in the majority of
                       these countries. Temporary increases can be seen in
                       a few other countries, but these are restricted to
                       periods of only a few years, and in none of these
                       cases has there been such a marked and continuous
                       increase as that observed in Sweden over several
                       consecutive years.


                # ⚓ The Local SE ☛ What's_behind_the_latest_spate_of_bombings
                  in_Sweden?⠀⇛


                       The police are calling it an 'escalation of
                       violence', Social Democrat leader Magdalena
                       Andersson a 'national crisis', and Prime Minister
                       Ulf Kristersson has admitted that the government is
                       not in control. But why has Sweden seen a record
                       number of bombings in January?


                # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ EU_top_diplomat:_'Sabotage_is_on_the_rise
                  in_Europe'⠀⇛


                       "Clearly sabotage is on the rise in Europe," Kallas
                       told DW's Alexandra von Nahmen when asked about a
                       string of suspected hybrid attacks, the latest
                       involving deep-sea cables in the Swedish economic
                       zone of the Baltic.


                       "We shouldn't really see these events in isolation,
                       but as part of a bigger picture. And understand
                       that Russia has intentions towards Europe and
                       European security architecture that haven't
                       changed," Kallas said in the exclusive DW interview
                       at the Brussels headquarters of the European
                       External Action Service on Thursday.


                # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Norway_releases_cargo_ship_in_Baltic_cable
                  sabotage_probe⠀⇛


                       Police in Norway said on Friday that they had
                       released a Russian-crewed ship after intercepting
                       the vessel off the northern coast in connection
                       with damage to underwater infrastructure in the
                       Baltic Sea.


                       "The investigation will continue, but we see no
                       reason for the ship to remain in Tromso any
                       longer," police attorney Ronny Joergensen said in a
                       statement. "No findings have been made linking the
                       ship to the act."


                # ⚓ The Korea Times ☛ Norway_seizes_Russian-crewed_ship_over
                  suspected_cable_damage⠀⇛


                       "The ship is suspected to have been involved in
                       serious damage to a fiber cable in the Baltic Sea
                       between Latvia and Sweden," police said in a
                       statement.


                       "Police are now on board the ship to search, carry
                       out interrogations and secure leads," it said,
                       adding that the crew and shipowner were cooperating
                       with police.


                       "The entire crew on board is Russian," police said
                       in the statement.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Norway_Seizes_Ship_Suspected_In_Baltic_Cable
                  Damage⠀⇛


                       Police in the city of Tromso said on January 31
                       that the Norwegian-registered and Norwegian-owned
                       ship Silver Dania was detained based on a legal
                       request from Latvian authorities and an order from
                       the Nord-Troms and Senja District Court in Norway.


                       The ship is the second to be seized in the past
                       week in connection with the damaging of the cable.
                       Swedish police detained the Maltese-flagged cargo
                       ship Vezhen on suspicion it caused the damage.


                # ⚓ The Moscow Times ☛ Norway_Seizes_Russian-Crewed_Ship_Over
                  Suspected_Cable_Damage_-_The_Moscow_Times⠀⇛


                       The Norway-flagged Silver Dania was sailing between
                       St. Petersburg and Murmansk when Norwegian police
                       stopped it Thursday evening off the coast of Tromso
                       in northern Norway.


                       "The ship is suspected to have been involved in
                       serious damage to a fiber cable in the Baltic Sea
                       between Latvia and Sweden," Norwegian police said
                       in a statement.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Norway_Seizes_Russian-Crewed_Ship
                  Suspected_of_Cutting_an_Undersea_Cable⠀⇛


                       The authorities in Norway have seized a Russian-
                       crewed ship that is suspected of damaging an
                       undersea cable in an act of sabotage in the Baltic
                       Sea, the Norwegian police said on Friday.


                       They were acting on a request from the Latvian
                       authorities and on an order issued in Norwegian
                       courts, the police said in a statement, after an
                       undersea cable that runs between Sweden and Latvia
                       was damaged this week.


                # ⚓ The Record ☛ Norway_seizes_ship_suspected_of_sabotage,_says
                  crew_are_Russian_nationals_|_The_Record_from_Recorded_Future
                  News⠀⇛


                       Police in Norway have seized a ship suspected of
                       sabotaging a communications cable running between
                       Sweden and Latvia. The ship is the second of three
                       that Latvian authorities consider suspects in the
                       incident, and the third ship to be detained in
                       recent weeks over concerns of intentional damage to
                       subsea infrastructure in the Baltic Sea.


                # ⚓ Norway ☛ Troms_-_Politiet.no⠀⇛


                       Based on a legal request from Latvian authorities,
                       as well as a ruling from Nord-Troms and Senja
                       District Court i Norway, Troms Police District has
                       brought in the Norwegian-registered and Norwegian-
                       owned ship Silver Dania. The ship sails between St.
                       Petersburg and Murmansk. The crew on board is
                       Russian.


                # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Elon_Musk_Just_Pulled_Something_Unbelievably
                  Sketchy_at_the_US_Treasury⠀⇛


                       Lebryk has worked at the agency for decades. Since
                       the election, according to the report, DOGE has
                       hounded him for access to the Treasury's sensitive
                       payment system, which is used to send out trillions
                       of dollars every year and is normally accessed only
                       by a small number of senior officials.


                       Why Lebryk clashed over the requests is unclear.
                       But maybe he just didn't like the idea of handing
                       over the keys for a trillion-dollar money pipeline
                       to Musk — a walking conflict of interest — and his
                       retinue of sketchy and underqualified DOGE lackeys.


                # ⚓ Modern Diplomacy ☛ China_is_Winning,_the_World_is_Losing:
                  U.S._is_Struggling_to_Counter_China’s_Asymmetric_Tactics⠀⇛


                       The world is no stranger to asymmetric tactics
                       being used to intimidate, to control, and to bully.
                       As has been explored in the past, asymmetric
                       tactics such as those used by China emerge when a
                       country believes they have an acute necessity for
                       them. Countries that hope to accomplish diplomatic,
                       informational, military, and economic objectives
                       without using outright military power will resort
                       to asymmetric tactics that do not rise to the level
                       of sparking a conflict, such as using law-
                       enforcement forces and plausibly deniable forces
                       (in this case, the Chinese fishing militia).


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ ‘Her_Opening_Line_Was_a_Home_Run’:_The
                  Best_and_Worst_Moments_From_the_Tulsi_Gabbard_Hearing⠀⇛


                       Eight Opinion writers weigh in on whether she’s up
                       to the job of director of national intelligence.


                # ⚓ The Dissenter ☛ Dissenter_Weekly:_Tulsi_Gabbard's_National
                  Security_Sin,_Kash_Patel's_'Enemies_List'⠀⇛


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Gabbard’s_Hearing_Turns_Tense_Over_Snowden
                  Questions⠀⇛


                       Tulsi Gabbard, President Convicted Felon’s nominee
                       for director of national intelligence, refused to
                       fully denounce the 2013 leaks by Edward J. Snowden,
                       eliciting concern from both parties.


                # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Tulsi_Gabbard_tussles_with_senators_over
                  Snowden,_surveillance⠀⇛


                       President Convicted Felon’s nominee to lead ODNI
                       substantially revised her previous positions on the
                       former NSA contractor and Section 702 spying
                       authorities.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Security_at_ISIS_Camps_in_Syria_Threatened
                  by_U.S._Funding_Freeze⠀⇛


                       A halt in foreign aid may undermine American
                       organizations’ support for forces that guard the
                       two largest camps holding Islamic State members and
                       their families.


                # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ Dictator_taps_the_military_for_immigration
                  crackdown._Are_there_limits_to_using_troops?⠀⇛


                       President Convicted Felon’s use of the U.S.
                       military for border security and immigration
                       enforcement are pushing boundaries on the role of
                       armed forces.


                # ⚓ China’s_spy_agency_warns_people_not_to_‘endanger_national
                  security’_during_holidays⠀⇛


                       The Ministry of State Security says people should
                       be careful what they say when meeting up with
                       friends and family.


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Dictator_signs_executive_order_authorizing
                  Guantanamo_Bay_Migrant_Operations_Center_to_reach_full
                  capacity⠀⇛


                       US President Donald J. Convicted Felon signed an
                       executive order Wednesday directing the Secretary
                       of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security
                       to expand operations at the Migrant Operations
                       Center at Naval Station Guantanamo Bay to full
                       capacity. 


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Dictator_signs_new_law_requiring_detention_of
                  illegal_immigrants_charged_with_theft⠀⇛


                       President Convicted Felon signed the Laken Riley
                       Act (the “Act”) into law Wednesday, which
                       will require the Department of Homeland Security
                       (DHS) to detain individuals who are unlawfully
                       present in the United States and have been charged
                       with, or arrested for, burglary, theft, larceny, or
                       shoplifting.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ South_China_Sea:_Philippines_arrests
                  five_more_Chinese_for_‘spying’⠀⇛


                       Philippine security officials said Thursday they
                       took into custody five more Chinese spies,
                       following the arrest of a compatriot for espionage
                       this month. The arrests come as confrontations
                       between the two Asian neighbours over contested
                       reefs and waters in the strategic South China Sea
                       have escalated in recent months.


                # ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Impressive_line-up_of_speakers_set_to_lead
                  discussions_at_Public-Private_Partnerships_for_Defence_&
                  Security_Conference⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ “No,_really”:_American_PMCs_in_Gaza⠀⇛


                       Host Alia Brahimi chats with modern warfare expert
                       Andreas Krieg about the sudden deployment of three
                       private military companies to the Netzarim corridor
                       in the Gaza Strip.


                # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ To_deal_with_Russia,_first
                        understand_what_Putin_wants⠀⇛


                             President The Insurrectionist has said he
                             wants to end the fighting in Ukraine quickly.


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Trump_Admin_Orders_Deletion_of_Information_About
                  Climate_Change_From_Government_Websites⠀⇛


                       With every new administration comes a host of small
                       style changes to government sites, which can
                       indicate policy directions under newly appointed
                       agency heads. Not content just to rearrange some
                       copy, though, Trump has taken to altering entire
                       landing pages and scrubbing information that
                       doesn't align with his agenda.


                       The DHS site, for example, has scrubbed mentions of
                       Ukraine, information on Border Security office and
                       enforcement locations, and tabs regarding EEO/
                       Diversity, Ethics/Standards of Conduct, as well as
                       Civil Rights and Civil Liberties relating to
                       Customs and Border Patrol.


                # ⚓ Politico LLC ☛ USDA_ordered_to_scrub_climate_change_from
                  websites⠀⇛


                       The directive from USDA’s office of communications,
                       whose authenticity was validated by three people,
                       could affect information across dozens of programs
                       including climate-smart agriculture initiatives,
                       USDA climate hubs and Forest Service information
                       regarding wildfires, the frequency and severity of
                       which scientists have linked to hotter, drier
                       conditions fueled by climate change. And it is
                       reminiscent of moves made during the first Trump
                       administration to remove references to climate
                       change from federal government websites.


                       The email sent Thursday afternoon calls on website
                       managers to “Identify and archive or unpublish any
                       landing pages focused on climate change” and
                       “Identify all web content related to climate change
                       and document it in a spreadsheet” for the office to
                       review. It set a Friday deadline for handing over
                       titles, links and “your recommendation on how the
                       content should be handled.”


                # ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Trump’s_EPA_Has_Deleted_All_Web
                  References_to_Climate_Change⠀⇛


                       Reflecting the Trump administration’s priorities,
                       the Environmental Protection Agency has now removed
                       all information about climate change from its home
                       page and other prominent areas of its website.


                # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ What_does_DeepSeek_mean_for_AI's
                  environmental_impact?⠀⇛


                       That could have big environment and climate
                       implications, as training and running current AI
                       models requires vast amounts of energy


                       The long-held assumption was that the next AI wave
                       would require massive data center expansion to
                       satisfy increasing demand.


                       Today's more than 8,000 data centers already
                       consume about 1 to 2% of global electricity,
                       according to the International Energy Agency.


                # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Parliament_to_investigate_deadly_Bolu_ski
                        resort_fire_as_report_finds_major_safety_flaws⠀⇛


                             A new report from the Chamber of Civil
                             Engineers outlines structural and safety
                             failures at the Grand Kartal Hotel.


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Seoul_tourism_recovers_to_pre-
                        pandemic_level⠀⇛


                             Seoul's visitor numbers plummeted to 1.15
                             million in 2020.


                      # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Peter_Mandelson’s_Consultancy_Lobbied_New
                        Government_on_Behalf_of_Shell⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ Protesters_Blockade_DNC_Party_Meeting,
                        Demand_Democrats_Put_Workers_and_Climate_First⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Elon_Musk_Finally_Admits_That_Teslas_Don't
                        Have_What_It_Takes_for_Full_Self-Driving⠀⇛


                             Elluswamy, to his credit, handled the
                             interruption diplomatically by teasing that
                             Tesla will be releasing a "baby" version of
                             FSD while its engineers work on the latest
                             version of the self-driving feature for cars
                             equipped with the newer Hardware 4 computers.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ After_Gutting_Airline_Safety_and
                        Immediately_Experiencing_the_Worst_Airliner_Tragedy
                        Since_2001,_Trump_Blames_Woke⠀⇛


                             More directly, Trump passed an executive
                             order freezing all new hires of already
                             chronically understaffed air traffic
                             controllers, fired the head of the
                             Transportation Security Administration, and
                             completely cleared out a key aviation safety
                             group at the Department of Homeland Security.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Tesla's_Profits_Are_Falling_Off_a_Cliff_as
                        Elon_Musk_Self-Immolates⠀⇛


                             Tesla's revenue remains high, with total
                             sales equaling $97.7 billion for 2024, a one
                             percent increase from last year. But for the
                             latest quarter, it's still fallen short of
                             expectations: $25.7 billion, when Wall Street
                             anticipated somewhere in the ballpark of
                             $27.1 billion.


                      # ⚓ Sightline Media Group ☛ Top_Army_aviators_were_on
                        routine_flight_when_helo_collided_with_jet⠀⇛


                             Koziol described the crew members, whose
                             identities have yet to be released, as “very
                             experienced.”


                      # ⚓ Wired ☛ Early_Investors_in_Donald_Trump’s_Memecoin
                        May_Have_Been_Tipped_Off,_Experts_Claim⠀⇛


                             WIRED asked two experts in crypto forensics
                             to analyze these early TRUMP trades. Though
                             multiple theories might explain their
                             striking punctuality—among them blind
                             luck—another possibility is that the traders
                             were warned of the launch in advance, the
                             crypto forensics experts hypothesize. In
                             trading any new asset, an alleged early
                             warning would put any trader at an immense
                             advantage, allowing them to buy in earlier
                             and at a lower price than almost everyone
                             else.


                # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Scotsman ☛ Rescuers_manage_to_free_humpback_whale
                        caught_in_rope_off_Skye⠀⇛


                             It said members of its large whale
                             disentanglement team were mobilised from
                             across the UK and worked to free the whale
                             with the help of the local community and
                             emergency services.


                      # ⚓ Deccan Chronicle ☛ Study_finds_India_doubled_its
                        tiger_population_in_decade,_credits_conservation
                        efforts⠀⇛


                             The number of tigers grew from an estimated
                             1,706 tigers in 2010 to around 3,682 in 2022,
                             according to estimates by the National Tiger
                             Conservation Authority, making India home to
                             roughly 75 percentage of the global tiger
                             population. The study found that some local
                             communities near tiger habitats have also
                             benefited from the increase in tigers because
                             of the foot traffic and revenues brought in
                             by ecotourism.


                # § Overpopulation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ On_Trump's_orders,_officals
                        released_water_from_two_California_dams⠀⇛


                             Pawlik said the Army Corps was releasing
                             water from the dams “to ensure California has
                             water available to respond to the wildfires.”
                             It was not immediately clear how or where the
                             federal government intends to transport the
                             water.


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ US_federal_employee_union_sues_over_Convicted
                  Felon_administration_plan_to_fire,_reclassify_government
                  employees⠀⇛


                       Two unions representing US government employees
                       filed a lawsuit Wednesday challenging President
                       Convicted Felon’s efforts to reclassify up to
                       50,000 federal workers, making it easier to fire
                       them.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Rohit_Chopra_of_CFPB_Expected_Convicted
                  Felon_to_Fire_Him_Right_Away,_but_He’s_Hanging_On⠀⇛


                       Mr. Chopra, long a target of criticism by
                       Republican lawmakers and banks, has not yet been
                       forced out. “I swore an oath to a five-year term,”
                       he said this week.


                # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_central_bank_urges_home_owners_to_think
                  about_switching_mortgages⠀⇛


                       Latvijas Banka, the Latvian central bank, said
                       January 30 that people with home loans might find
                       it worth their while to "consider options of
                       refinancing mortgage loans and avoiding
                       overpayment."


                # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ To_Pay_for_Trump_Tax_Cuts,_House_GOP_Could
                  Slash_Benefits_for_Poor,_Working_Class⠀⇛


                       One of the hallmarks of Donald Trump’s presidential
                       campaign was a promise of sweeping tax cuts, for
                       the rich, for working people and for companies
                       alike.


                       Now congressional Republicans have the job of
                       figuring out which of those cuts to propose into
                       law. In order to pay for the cuts, they have
                       started to eye some targets to raise money. Among
                       them: cutting benefits for single mothers and poor
                       people who rely on government health care.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ New Yorker ☛ How_Convicted_Felon’s_Federal-Aid_Fiasco_Is
                  Testing_the_Separation_of_Powers⠀⇛


                       “We are in an era of a real reckoning with the
                       relationship of the President to the other branches
                       of government,” the Harvard Law professor and New
                       Yorker contributor Jeannie Suk Gersen says.


                # ⚓ FAIR ☛ David_Kass_on_Billionaire_Election-Buying⠀⇛


                # ⚓ FAIR ☛ ‘Because_There_Was_Economic_Insecurity,_Immigrants
                  Became_an_Easy_Scapegoat’:_CounterSpin_interview_with_Silky
                  Shah_on_the_attack_on_immigrants⠀⇛


                       Janine Jackson interviewed Detention Watch
                       Network’s Silky Shah about the attack on immigrants
                       for the January 24, 2025, episode of CounterSpin.
                       This is a lightly edited transcript.


                # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Trump’s_Racist_Rants_Conceal_the_Right's_Air
                  Safety_Failures⠀⇛


                       It would be difficult to imagine a scene more
                       thoroughly illustrative of the advanced moral decay
                       of today’s Republican Party than what transpired
                       this week, especially when one measures Trump’s
                       actions against those of the president after whom
                       DCA is named.


                # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Social_Critic_Who_Predicted_Big_Tech’s
                  Dark_Turn⠀⇛


                       Roszak argued that the technocracy and its cult of
                       expertise weren’t susceptible to traditional
                       leftist critique. “It is essential to realize that
                       the technocracy is not the exclusive product of
                       that old devil capitalism,” he claimed. “Rather, it
                       is the product of a mature and accelerating
                       industrialism. The profiteering could be
                       eliminated; the technocracy would remain in force.”
                       Its primary mission was “the relentless quest for
                       efficiency, for order, for ever more extensive
                       rational control.” Roszak also noted that the
                       technocracy had a remarkable ability to co-opt
                       rebellion. Indeed, it eventually absorbed a slew of
                       countercultural innovations without breaking a
                       sweat.


                       The technocracy was difficult to resist directly,
                       but Roszak offered a modest proposal: [...]


                # ⚓ Vanity Fair ☛ Meta_Settles_a_$25_Million_Trump_Lawsuit
                  Because_It_Had_More_to_Lose_by_Winning⠀⇛


                       But Meta arguably had more to lose by winning this
                       one. Tech and media companies, eager to avoid
                       conflict with the new administration, have recently
                       settled a string of Trump lawsuits they probably
                       would have won in court. According to the Journal,
                       this settlement, in particular, grew out of
                       Zuckerberg’s efforts to cozy up to Trump last
                       November. The paper’s sources said the then-
                       president-elect signaled during a Mar-a-Lago dinner
                       that the Meta boss would need to resolve the suit
                       before he could ever be allowed “into the tent.”


                # ⚓ Gannett ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_$25_million_to_settle_Donald
                  Trump_lawsuit⠀⇛


                       "The parties have reached an agreement to settle
                       the named plaintiffs’ individual claims and resolve
                       this matter," Meta attorney Winn Allen wrote in a
                       court filing Wednesday. "The parties will file a
                       joint stipulation of dismissal with prejudice in
                       the coming days."


                       The suit was brought after Facebook, among other
                       social media platforms, suspended Trump's account
                       following the Jan. 6 insurrection that attempted to
                       overthrow the 2020 election.


                # ⚓ NBC ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_$25_million_to_settle_Trump
                  lawsuit⠀⇛


                       Meta, the parent company of Instagram and Facebook,
                       filed a notice of the settlement in federal court
                       in San Francisco, where the lawsuit was pending.
                       Meta spokesperson Andy Stone separately confirmed
                       the terms: a $25 million payment from the company,
                       with $22 million going toward a fund for Trump’s
                       presidential library and the balance dedicated to
                       legal fees and other plaintiffs in the case.


                       The settlement does not require Meta to admit
                       wrongdoing, Stone said.


                # ⚓ ABC ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_$25_million_to_settle_lawsuit_with
                  President_Donald_Trump⠀⇛


                       In July 2021, Trump sued Meta and its CEO Mark
                       Zuckerberg for "censoring" his social media account
                       after the Jan. 6 [insurrection], accusing the
                       company of colluding with Democratic lawmakers to
                       silence the then-former president.


                # ⚓ Associated Press ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_$25_million_to_settle
                  lawsuit_from_Trump_after_Jan._6_suspension⠀⇛


                       It’s the latest instance of a large corporation
                       settling litigation with the president, who has
                       threatened retribution on his critics and rivals,
                       and comes as Meta and its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg,
                       have joined other large technology companies in
                       trying to ingratiate themselves with the new Trump
                       administration.


                # ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_Trump_$25m_for
                  suspending_accounts_over_Capitol_riots⠀⇛


                       Meta has agreed to pay $25m to settle a lawsuit
                       with Donald Trump. The suit originated in 2021 when
                       Trump sued the social media company for suspending
                       his accounts after the January 6 [insurrection] on
                       the US Capitol. The settlement was first reported
                       by the Wall Street Journal and has been confirmed
                       by a Meta spokesperson.


                # ⚓ ABC ☛ Meta_agrees_to_pay_$25_million_to_settle_lawsuit_from
                  Trump_after_Jan._6_suspension⠀⇛


                       Zuckerberg visited Trump in November at his private
                       Florida club to try to mend fences with the
                       incoming president, something other technology,
                       business and government officials have done as
                       well. At the dinner, Trump brought up the
                       litigation and suggested they try to resolve it,
                       kick-starting two months of negotiations between
                       the parties, the people said.


                       Meta also made a $1 million donation to Trump’s
                       inaugural committee, and Zuckerberg was among
                       several billionaires granted prime seating during
                       Trump’s swearing-in last week in the Capitol
                       Rotunda, along with Google’s Sundar Pichai,
                       Amazon’s Jeff Bezos and Elon Musk, who now owns the
                       platform X, formerly known as Twitter.


                # ⚓ Maine Morning Star ☛ Remind_me_again_why_we_can’t_raise
                  taxes_on_millionaires⠀⇛


                       As things stand, any individual making more than
                       $61,600 is taxed $3,911 plus 7.15% of excess over
                       that amount. Couples filing jointly making $123,250
                       or more are taxed $7,825 plus 7.15% of excess. That
                       means that someone making less than the state’s
                       median household income is taxed at the very same
                       rate as the wealthiest person in Maine.


                       Carving out an additional tax bracket for those at
                       the very top of the pay scale would bring in much-
                       needed revenue. And let’s be clear, the
                       millionaires are doing just fine.


                # ⚓ Brandon ☛ I_Am_Just_as_Ignorant⠀⇛


                       It startled me to realize that I was no different
                       from my friends and family that I judged. I, too,
                       was just as ignorant and listening to thoughts and
                       ideas created to sway my opinion.


                # ⚓ The Washington Post ☛ Meta_CEO_Mark_Zuckerberg_defends
                  policy_changes_in_town_hall⠀⇛


                       Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg sought to reassure his
                       workforce on Wednesday that the social media
                       giant’s values haven’t changed despite a slew of
                       policy shifts that included ending its diversity
                       and fact-checking programs.


                       In a companywide meeting, Zuckerberg told employees
                       that 2025 would be a “big year for resetting our
                       relationship with governments around the world.”
                       But he specified that Meta would not forsake its
                       values, according to a recording of the event
                       obtained by The Washington Post.


                # ⚓ India Times ☛ Mark_Zuckerberg_defends_embrace_of_Donald
                  Trump_administration⠀⇛


                       Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg said, "I want to be clear,
                       after the last several years, we now have an
                       opportunity to have a productive partnership with
                       the United States government. We're going to take
                       that." He stated that it was "fundamental" for
                       Meta, with Facebook, Instagram, Threads, and
                       WhatsApp, to improve its relations with governments
                       globally.


                # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾


                      # ⚓ RFA ☛ Is_Boeing_to_blame_for_the_plane_crash_in
                        Washington?⠀⇛


                             This speculation is unfounded. The American
                             Airlines passenger plane involved in the
                             collision was not manufactured by Boeing.


                      # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ LA_Times_Flips_Anti-RFK_Jr._Op-Ed_Into
                        Pro-Kennedy_Propaganda⠀⇛


                             As Reinhart points out, the Times didn’t just
                             soften his criticism – they systematically
                             stripped out his core arguments against RFK
                             Jr. and slapped on a misleading headline that
                             completely reversed his intended message.


                             The extent of the LA Times’ manipulation
                             becomes clear when comparing the published
                             version to Reinhart’s originally submitted
                             op-ed (titled “RFK Jr.s Wrecking Ball Won’t
                             Fix Public Health“). While the published
                             version presents a sanitized critique of
                             healthcare, the original piece drew sharp
                             parallels between RFK Jr. and Luigi
                             Mangione’s killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO
                             Brian Thompson — a comparison the Times
                             completely excised.


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ DeepSeek’s_Answers_Include_Chinese
                        Propaganda,_Researchers_Say⠀⇛


                             Since the Chinese company’s chatbot surged in
                             popularity, researchers have documented how
                             its answers reflect China’s view of the
                             world. Some of its responses amplify
                             propaganda Beijing uses to discredit critics.


                      # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Fact-checkers_in_Ethiopia_take_on
                        disinformation_amid_rising_tensions⠀⇛


                             As tensions flared between Somalia and
                             Ethiopia last year, social media became a
                             breeding ground for misinformation.


                      # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Trump’s_‘make_peace_or_die’_message_to
                        Putin_is_deepfake._Yet_it_fooled_Russians⠀⇛


                             The video went viral by Jan. 24, spilling
                             over to other social media platforms and even
                             news outlets.


                             Then, BAZA, ce Hʼyuston Telegram channel’s
                             SMM specialists announced in the comment to
                             the original post that the video is a
                             deepfake generated with the use of artificial
                             intelligence.


          o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


                # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Astronomer_Vera_Rubin’s_Federal_Bio_Altered
                  to_Omit_DEI_Efforts_in_Science⠀⇛


                       During his first presidential term, Donald Trump
                       signed a congressional act naming a federally
                       funded observatory after the late astronomer Vera
                       Rubin. The act celebrated her landmark research on
                       dark matter — the invisible, mysterious substance
                       that makes up much of the universe — and noted that
                       she was an outspoken advocate for the equal
                       treatment and representation of women in science.


                       “Vera herself offers an excellent example of what
                       can happen when more minds participate in science,”
                       the observatory’s website said of Rubin — up until
                       recently.


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_Faux_Free_Speech_Warriors_Attacking_Free
                  Speech⠀⇛


                       Perhaps the most brazen practitioners of this
                       strategy are those with the resources to weaponize
                       the legal system itself. Take Elon Musk, who wraps
                       himself in the mantle of “free speech absolutism”
                       while filing censorial lawsuits against his
                       critics. Or Donald Trump, who portrays himself as a
                       free speech champion while maintaining a relentless
                       campaign of legal intimidation—suing media
                       properties for critical coverage, attacking CBS
                       over 60 Minutes for a Harris interview he didn’t
                       like, and even targeting pollster Ann Selzer for
                       publishing unfavorable poll predictions.


                       This censorship strategy has evolved to exploit
                       every available pressure point in our system.
                       Government officials like Carr and Jordan weaponize
                       regulatory and investigative powers, while wealthy
                       private actors like Musk and Trump deploy their
                       vast resources to overwhelm critics with legal
                       costs. The tactics are different, but the playbook
                       is the same.


                # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Taliban_sentences_Afghan_journalist_Sayed_Rahim
                  Saeedi_to_3_years_in_prison⠀⇛


                       According to the exile-based watchdog group
                       Afghanistan Journalists Center, Saeedi was arrested
                       for his work criticizing the Taliban, including a
                       screenplay he wrote about a girl denied an
                       education by Taliban authorities.


                # ⚓ Wired ☛ Here’s_How_DeepSeek_Censorship_Actually_Works—and
                  How_to_Get_Around_It⠀⇛


                       To figure out how this censorship works on a
                       technical level, WIRED tested DeepSeek-R1 on its
                       own app, a version of the app hosted on a third-
                       party platform called Together AI, and another
                       version hosted on a WIRED computer, using the
                       application Ollama.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Pakistan_Cracks_Down_On_Free_Speech_Online⠀⇛


                       But critics say the law is designed to quash
                       dissent in the South Asian country, where
                       independent media have faced growing censorship in
                       recent years.


                       Signed into law by the president on January 29, the
                       law has triggered protests by journalists across
                       the country of some 240 million people.


          o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Channel_4_chief_says_Gen_Z_media_habits
                  causing_‘immense_issues’⠀⇛


                       Alex Mahon says news providers must take urgent
                       action to reach young people who appear to hold
                       extreme views.


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Noel Clarke loses_bid_to_get_Guardian libel
                  defence_thrown_out⠀⇛


                       Guardian lawyers described an accusation of
                       evidence fabrication by Clarke's team as
                       "hopeless".


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Paramount_in_Settlement_Talks_With
                  Convicted_Felon_Over_‘60_Minutes’_Lawsuit⠀⇛


                       A settlement, if reached, would be an extraordinary
                       concession by a major U.S. media company to a
                       sitting president.


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Google_owes_UK_news_industry_£2.2bn_from
                  2023_alone,_claims_new_research⠀⇛


                       Google says it does not run ads or make money from
                       "vast majority" of news searches.


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Online_publishing_revenue_trends:_Audio
                  rising,_video_stalls,_data_is_golden⠀⇛


                       In a new quarterly series AOP managing director
                       Richard Reeves analyses online publishing industry
                       revenue trends.


                # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russia_Designates_2_RFE/RL_Journalists_And_5_Others
                  As_‘Foreign_Agents’⠀⇛


                       Russia has added seven people including two Radio
                       Free Europe/Radio Liberty journalists to its long
                       and growing list of “foreign agents,” a move RFE/
                       RL’s president said was part of a “brutal assault
                       on independent media.”


                       The Russian Justice Ministry said on January 31
                       that the seven were designated for participating in
                       foreign media platforms and in some cases for what
                       it claimed was the dissemination of "false
                       information" about Russia's electoral system. It
                       did not provide evidence.


                # ⚓ VOA News ☛ US_aid_freeze_spells_uncertain_future_for
                  international_media⠀⇛


                       Journalists provide information about evacuation
                       routes, document alleged Russian war crimes and
                       troop movements, and counter Moscow’s propaganda.


                       Even a temporary freeze of U.S. foreign aid can
                       mean financial difficulties for small media
                       organizations that rely on outside donors to keep
                       working.


                # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Turkish_journalist_Suat_Toktaş_arrested_following
                  broadcast ⠀⇛


                       “Suat Toktaş’ arrest and the detaining of the other
                       Halk TV personnel is a political move by Turkish
                       authorities to silence critical voices,” said Özgür
                       Öğret, CPJ’s Turkey representative. “The
                       authorities should immediately release Toktaş, lift
                       the measures of judicial control imposed on other
                       Halk TV staff, and stop using the legal system to
                       harass the media.”


                # ⚓ CPJ ☛ Journalists_covering_eastern_DRC_conflict_face_death
                  threats,_censorship⠀⇛


                       The M23 rebel group’s assault on the Democratic
                       Republic of the Congo’s eastern city of Goma has
                       brought familiar dangers for Congolese journalists,
                       who for years have navigated intimidation and
                       attacks from government and armed groups in the
                       country’s restive, mineral-rich east.


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ USPS_letter_carrier_union_members
                  reject_tentative_contract_deal⠀⇛


                       Build a Fighting NALC, a coalition of letter
                       carriers advocating for a more inclusive collective
                       bargaining process for rank-and-file employees, is
                       calling for $30-an-hour starting pay, an end to
                       mandatory overtime and full COLAs for all
                       bargaining unit members.


                # ⚓ Los Angeles Times ☛ Japanese_Americans_returned_from_prison
                  camps_80_years_ago⠀⇛


                       That the coming-home began eight decades ago had
                       not occurred to me. Calvin Naito, an Angeleno and
                       fourth-generation Japanese American, tipped me to
                       the anniversary. He himself hadn’t known much about
                       the incarcerations until he was studying at the
                       Harvard Kennedy school in 1988, when President
                       Reagan signed a historic law about reparations.


                # ⚓ Pete Brown ☛ Tech_workers_should_unionize.⠀⇛


                       I remember being at Velocity sometime in the late
                       2000s or early 2010s and hearing a bunch of people
                       say some version of “If you don’t like your job,
                       just quit! Everyone is hiring!” Even at the time,
                       that sentiment struck me as naïve and tone-deaf; it
                       was only true for this bunch of web-developer
                       weirdos who thought they ruled the world.


                       Now things are different, and a bunch of tech
                       workers at Google—a place that used to be where
                       everyone in this crowd hoped to end up—are signing
                       a petition not to be laid off.


                       You know what they might be better off signing?
                       Union cards.


                # ⚓ Hamilton Nolan ☛ Dark_Times_Are_Coming⠀⇛


                       Because this is a topic where the righteous side
                       has been effectively losing for my entire lifetime,
                       it can be tempting to descend into doomerism. But
                       “we’re so fucked” is neither a useful nor a factual
                       conclusion. For one thing, our own actions affect
                       the future, so as soon as we decide all is lost, we
                       stop trying, and create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
                       For another thing, the pendulum always swings back
                       in its opposite direction, given enough time, so
                       “we’re so fucked” is a temporary condition rather
                       than the natural state of the world. As Martin
                       Luther King, Jr. understood, we, collectively, will
                       get to the promised land, but you, personally,
                       might be dead before it happens.


                       That said, I also believe in telling the truth. Now
                       feels like a good time to take a blunt look at
                       where the prospects of organized labor stand. If
                       the pendulum is swinging, it is swinging into the
                       very worst part of its cycle at the moment. I
                       believe that a revival of organized labor power is
                       vital to wresting America from the control of
                       oligarchy—and, analytically, I have to admit that
                       we are farther from accomplishing that than we have
                       been since I was born. This is a result of both the
                       forces arrayed against unions, and the weakness of
                       unions themselves. Consider: [...]


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ UMich_unveils_digital
                  accessibility_initiative_to_expand_online_access⠀⇛


                       On Jan. 13, the University of Michigan announced
                       the creation of the Digital Accessibility Strategic
                       Initiative, a program which aims to promote
                       equitable access to digital services at the
                       University and Michigan Medicine.


                       The initiative comes after the U.S. Department of
                       Justice updated regulations stipulated in Title II
                       of the Americans with Disabilities Act in April
                       2024. Public universities have until April 2026 to
                       comply with new digital accessibility standards,
                       which include making websites and apps compatible
                       with screen readers and providing alternative text.


                # ⚓ Jeremy Cherfas ☛ More_Accessibility_Fun⠀⇛


                       Yesterday’s little accessability adventure
                       unsurprisingly opened a whole ‘nother can of worms.
                       As I was showing off my work in Front End Study
                       Hall and learning how to check on dark mode easily
                       in a browser, it became painfully obvious, to those
                       who prefer dark mode, that this site doesn’t do
                       dark mode. At all.


                       Friends pointed me to a great tutorial: Come To The
                       Light-dark() Side at CSS Tricks. So this morning, I
                       set to.


                # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ ICE_Raids:_Know_Your_Rights_Amid_Trump's
                  Immigration_Crackdown⠀⇛


                       All warrants aren’t created equal. Ramos adds that
                       many ICE officers tend to present administrative
                       warrants that are issued by another ICE officer or
                       the Department of Homeland Security, but these
                       still don’t grant entry into a private citizen’s
                       home. If an immigration officer presents you a
                       warrant, you should check that it is signed by a
                       judge, has the specific name of the person they’re
                       looking for, their exact address, and a validity
                       period that it’s good for. You can ask officers to
                       pass the warrant underneath the door. Alway check
                       that the warrant in correct before you open the
                       door.


                       This isn’t the same at workplaces, as ICE officers
                       can enter and detain people if they have direct
                       permission from a businesses’ owner. If you are
                       detained, do not try to run. Instead, exercise the
                       rest of your rights, as explained below.


          o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Forgotten_Internet:_Giving_(or_Getting)_The
                  Finger⠀⇛


                       Hey, you know that guy in accounting, Marco? If you
                       want to find out more about him, you’d probably go
                       surf LinkedIn or maybe a social media site. Inside
                       a company, you might look on instant messaging for
                       a profile and even find out if he is at his desk or
                       away. But back in the 1970s, those weren’t options.
                       But if Marco was on the computer system, maybe you
                       could finger him. While that sounds strange to say
                       today, Finger was a common service provided by
                       computer services at the time. It was like a
                       LinkedIn profile page for the 1970s.


                # ⚓ Internet Society ☛ Fostering_Digital_Literacy_in
                  Nicaragua⠀⇛


                       In August 2024, the Internet Society Nicaragua
                       Chapter bridged the digital divide in the small
                       community of Reparto La Virgen Nueva.


                # ⚓ Public Knowledge ☛ Public_Knowledge_Welcomes_New_Senior
                  Policy_Advocate_Patrick_Gallaher_To_Bolster_Advocacy_Efforts
                  [Ed: When will they remove the Microsoft mole in their ranks
                  though?]⠀⇛


                       Public Knowledge welcomes Patrick Gallaher, Senior
                       Policy Advocate, to our team to focus on copyright
                       monopoly issues, including digital ownership and
                       issues related to the Digital Millennium Copyright
                       Act (DMCA).


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ South_Korea's_webtoon_comics_have_readers
                  hooked⠀⇛


                       South Korea is seeing a boom in webtoons – short
                       episodic comics that are designed to be read on
                       smartphones. They are hugely popular in the
                       country, where some 35 million people read at least
                       one episode of a webtoon every week. Amid this
                       success at home, webtoon creators are now turning
                       their attention to international markets, including
                       English-speaking countries and France. FRANCE 24's
                       Chloé Borgnon and Justin McCurry report.


                # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ A_court_squashes_net_neutrality,
                  what_next_for_the_FCC?⠀⇛


                       With net neutrality A recent U.S. appeals court
                       decision ended the idea of net neutrality. It said
                       the Federal Communications Commission lacked
                       authority to regulate internet service and
                       broadband providers. The incoming FCC chair,
                       Brendan Carr, was already planning to undo Biden
                       administration rules for net neutrality favored by
                       the outgoing FCC chair. For what the broadband
                       industry hopes for next, the Federal Drive with Tom
                       Temin turn to the president and CEO of the trade
                       group U.S. Telecom, Jonathan Spalter.


                       Interview transcript: [...]


                # ⚓ CoryDoctorow ☛ Pluralistic:_Petard_(Part_II)⠀⇛


                       Biden's FCC unanimously passed a rules banning
                       landlords from accepting kickbacks to force all
                       their tenants to use one ISP as a rental condition.
                       Last week, Trump's FCC boss Brendan Carr (who voted
                       for the rule just last year) killed it, saying that
                       he was sticking up for tenants, who would somehow
                       save money from this sleazy arrangement: [...]


                # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_Trump_FCC_Makes_It_Easier_For_Your_Landlord
                  And_Your_ISP_To_Collude_To_Rip_You_Off⠀⇛


                       Trump’s hand-chosen courts are already hard at work
                       dismantling everything from net neutrality to
                       financial aid for low-income broadband users. But
                       his hand picked boss Brendan Carr is also busy
                       dismantling all the consumer-friendly stuff the FCC
                       accomplished, and even a lot of the stuff it hadn’t
                       gotten around to yet.


                       Case in point: Carr has killed an FCC plan to stop
                       landlords and ISPs from colluding to rip you off
                       via arbitrary exclusivity arrangements. The
                       proposal to block such harmful arrangements was
                       sitting in a list of Biden FCC proposals they hoped
                       to implement, but former FCC boss Jessica
                       Rosenworcel never got around to despite having an
                       available voting majority: [...]


          o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾


                # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Right_to_repair_farm_equipment⠀⇛


                       You know how so many things, from modern laptops
                       and phones are sealed boxes where swapping a
                       battery can void a warranty? It wouldn’t surprise
                       you to know this is happening at a larger scale as
                       well, from cars to factory equipment.


                # ⚓ PC World ☛ The_secret_to_saving_big_on_streaming_services:
                  Ruthless_disloyalty⠀⇛


                       From the consumer perspective, streaming video
                       services are objectively worse than they were a
                       decade ago. Frankly, these services are absolutely
                       milking and bilking their users. There’s no real
                       alternative at this point, at least if you want to
                       watch new shows or the occasional streaming-
                       exclusive movie that isn’t terrible. But there are
                       ways to maximize your enjoyment and minimize your
                       money spent.


                       Step one: quit.


      § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


          o ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Ticketmaster_Settles_Class-Action_Litigation
            in_Canada_Over_‘Drip_Pricing’⠀⇛


                 Ticketmaster is set to pay $6 million in a Canadian class
                 action lawsuit regarding ‘drip pricing’ practices.
                 Ticketmaster has settled a class action lawsuit in Canada
                 regarding its “drip pricing” practices, for which it must
                 pay out $6 million CAD.


          o ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Justice_Department_sues_to_block_HPE’s_$14B
            Juniper_acquisition⠀⇛


                 The U.S. Justice Department has filed suit to block
                 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Co.’s proposed acquisition of
                 Juniper Networks Inc. for $14 billion. Officials
                 submitted the complaint today to the U.S. District Court
                 for the Northern District of California. HPE announced
                 plans to acquire Juniper last January.


          o ⚓ The Register UK ☛ DoJ_sues_to_block_HPE's_$14B_acquisition_of
            Juniper_Networks⠀⇛


                 Specifically, the Department of Justice is worried about
                 consolidation within the wireless LAN (WLAN) market,
                 where it says HPE and Juniper are already the second and
                 third largest providers of the technology.


          o ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Sues_to_Block_Tech_Deal_in_First_Antitrust
            Action_of_Trump_Term⠀⇛


                 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, or HPE, a business software
                 and services company, announced the $14 billion takeover
                 of Juniper last year, with hopes of combining its data
                 centers with Juniper’s networking business to take on
                 giants like Cisco.


                 Regulators in Britain and the European Union cleared the
                 deal this summer. But the Biden administration’s
                 antitrust enforcers had issued what is known as a “second
                 request” for more information, indicating scrutiny of the
                 transaction.


          o § Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ Patent_Filing_Trends_2024–_Market_Share_Shifts_Continue_as
                  Firms_Face_Ongoing_Challenges⠀⇛


                       The landscape of patent monopoly filing activity
                       across Australia and New Zealand underwent
                       continued transformation in 2024, marked by
                       declining total filings and ongoing shifts in
                       market share distribution and firm performance. 
                       Total standard patent monopoly applications filed
                       in Australia decreased by 3.4% to 30,442, while New
                       Zealand experienced a more pronounced decline of
                       7.3% to 6,202 applications.  These trends are set
                       against a backdrop of substantial structural change
                       in the industry, most notably the acquisition of
                       QANTM IP Limited by private equity management
                       company Adamantem Capital in August, leaving IPH
                       Limited as the last publicly listed ownership group
                       standing.


                # ⚓ India Times ☛ iit:_‘One_Patent_A_Day’_drives_research_at
                  IIT-Madras⠀⇛


                       Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-Madras)
                       a few years ago had committed to filing ‘One Patent
                       a day’. In 2024-2025 the institute filed 386
                       patents.


          o § Trademarks⠀➾


                # ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTAB_Reverses_Section_2(d)_Refusal_of_"12_&
                  Design"_for_Cosmetics_Due_to_Third-Party_Registration
                  Evidence⠀⇛


                       The Board deep-sixed a Section 2(d) refusal to
                       regsiter the mark shown below for "Non-medicated
                       skin care preparations" and for on-line retail
                       store services featuring cosmetics, finding
                       confusion not likely with the registered mark
                       TWELVE COSMETICS for “cosmetics; private label
                       cosmetics" [COSMETICS disclaimed]. In_re
                       Metabeauty,_Inc., Serial No. 97492557 (January 28,
                       2025) [not precedential] (Opinion by Judge Karen S.
                       Kuhlke).


          o § Copyrights⠀➾


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ USCO_Elaborates_on_Hey_Hi_(AI)
                  Copyright_Rules_In_Sweeping_Report_—_But_Stops_Short_of
                  Recommending_‘A_Change_in_the_Law’⠀⇛


                       Can you copyright monopoly works created entirely
                       by AI? Definitely not, according to the U.S.
                       Copyright Office, which has elaborated on this
                       existing position and adjacent topics in a 50-page
                       report.


                # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Court_Rejects_Musi's_Bid_to_Force_Apple_to
                  Reinstate_its_Music_App⠀⇛


                       Musi's initial attempt to force Apple to reinstate
                       its music app to the App Store has failed. A
                       California federal court denied a request for a
                       preliminary injunction, ruling that Apple did not
                       act unreasonably or in bad faith when it removed
                       the app following complaints from music industry
                       players and YouTube. The court found that Musi’s
                       proposed injunction would not serve the public
                       interest.


                # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Pirate_Libraries_Are_Forbidden_Fruit_for_AI
                  Companies._But_at_What_Cost?⠀⇛


                       The future of AI innovation may hinge on the
                       outcome of a global copyright debate. In the U.S.,
                       rightsholders are taking a hard line, pursuing
                       legal action against AI companies that utilize
                       copyrighted works without permission. However,
                       other countries are adopting more lenient
                       approaches, allowing AI models to learn from the
                       vast troves of data found in 'pirate' libraries.
                       This 'copyright schism' could have far-reaching
                       consequences.


                # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ FADPA:_MPA's_Export-Only_Site-Blocking
                  Primed_For_Full_Strength_U.S._Launch⠀⇛


                       There's no ideal time to promote a blocking system
                       that by design restricts freedom and, for the vast
                       majority of citizens, offers no tangible benefit.
                       Yet, over the past 15 years or so, the major
                       Hollywood studios have convinced authorities in
                       dozens of countries that blocking pirate sites
                       benefits everyone. If the FADPA bill passes, the
                       MPA's export-only site-blocking system will be
                       reimported to the U.S. at close to maximum
                       strength, straight off the bat.


                # ⚓ The Guardian UK ☛ Oh,_I’m_sorry,_tech_bros_–_did_DeepSeek
                  copy_your_work?_I_can_hardly_imagine_your_distress⠀⇛


                       As news of DeepSeek played havoc with the tech
                       stock market, OpenAI pressed its hanky to its nose
                       and released a statement: “We are aware of and
                       reviewing indications that DeepSeek may have
                       inappropriately distilled our models, and will
                       share information as we know more,” this ran. “We
                       take aggressive, proactive countermeasures to
                       protect our technology.” Oooooooooh! I want to say
                       “welcome to America’s Dumbest Tech Barons”, except
                       I can’t, because I think we all know that no law
                       enforcement is coming to get Sam for the stuff he’s
                       alleged to have made unauthorised use of first.
                       That was the good type of alleged theft, whatever
                       the claims of all the lawsuits belatedly trying to
                       claw something back for the alleged copyright
                       victims of his firm’s own inappropriate methods.


                       So, to put it another way … wait, Sam – you’re not
                       telling us that the Chinese hedge fund crawled all
                       over your IP without asking and took it for
                       themselves? Oh my God, IMAGINE?! You must feel used
                       and abused. Financially violated. Like all your
                       years of creativity were just grist to some other
                       bastard’s mill. Like a host organism. Like a
                       schmuck. Like Earth’s most screamingly preposterous
                       hypocrite.


                # ⚓ EFF ☛ Copyright_is_a_Civil_Liberties_Nightmare⠀⇛


                       Copyright owners have intimidated researchers away
                       from disclosing that their software spies on users
                       or is full of bugs that make it unsafe. When a
                       blockbuster entertainment product inspires people
                       to tell their own stories by depicting themselves
                       in the same world or costumes, a letter from the
                       studio’s lawyers will usually convince them to stay
                       silent. And whose who sell software write their own
                       law into End User License Agreements and can
                       threaten any user who disobeys them with copyright
                       damages.


                # ⚓ VOA News ☛ DeepSeek_vs._ChatGPT_fuels_debate_over_AI
                  building_blocks⠀⇛


                       In statements to several media outlets this week,
                       OpenAI said it is reviewing indications that
                       DeepSeek may have trained its AI by mimicking
                       responses from OpenAI’s models.


                       The process, known as distillation, is common among
                       AI developers but is prohibited by OpenAI’s terms
                       of service, which forbid using its model outputs to
                       train competing systems.


                # ⚓ LOC ☛ Lifecycle_of_Copyright:_1929_Works_in_the_Public
                  Domain⠀⇛


                       Copyright law arises from Article I, section 8 of
                       the Constitution, which grants Congress the power,
                       “To promote the Progress of Science and useful
                       Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and
                       Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective
                       Writings and Discoveries.” The Copyright Act
                       describes that the exclusive rights of copyright
                       owners include the right to use and give permission
                       for others to use the work in many ways—making
                       copies of and distributing the work, creating
                       derivative works, and publicly performing or
                       displaying the work. Under the Constitution,
                       Congress may only provide these rights for “limited
                       times.” The first federal copyright law, dating
                       back to 1790, protected registered works for
                       fourteen years with a fourteen-year renewal option.
                       The law has changed over time, and today, the term
                       of copyright protection lasts for the author’s life
                       plus an additional seventy years.


                       When copyright protection ends, a work enters the
                       public domain, and the exclusive rights granted by
                       copyright no longer exist. This means the work may
                       be reproduced without permission, may be performed
                       or displayed publicly, and may also be used in the
                       creation of new works, such as adaptations and
                       translations. However, even when copyright
                       protection ends and a work is in the public domain,
                       it is important to note that it may still be
                       subject to other protections.[i]


                       Below are just a few of the historical and cultural
                       works that entered the public domain in 2025.


                # ⚓ Pivot to AI ☛ DeepSeek_impact:_OpenAI_complains_DeepSeek
                  stole_the_data_that_OpenAI_stole_first⠀⇛


                       David Sacks, PayPal billionaire and Trump’s AI
                       czar, says there’s “substantial evidence” that
                       DeepSeek distilled some training from OpenAI, and —
                       get this — violated OpenAI’s terms of service! Good
                       thing OpenAI never did anything like that to
                       anyone, hey.


                       The sum total of their evidence is that OpenAI’s
                       web API got hammered from China a couple of times
                       last year — and general scaremongering about China.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4768

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 01/02/2025: Belated Happy New Year
2025 and Gabbro 0.1.2⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_yellow_field_with_a_forest_on_the_horizon_and_blue_sky⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Gemini*_and_Gopher
          o Personal/Opinions
          o Technology_and_Free_Software
                # Internet/Gemini
                # Software_Releases/Announcements
    * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾


          o § Personal/Opinions⠀➾


                # ⚓ Happy_New_Year_2025⠀⇛


                       I really wish 2025 brings good things to all of us.


                       To begin with, *pharc* worked flawlessly as usual,
                       even though sometimes I had to adjust something for
                       the next iteration. For example, two years ago I
                       had to update it to manage file permissions
                       correctly. No other change to the code during 2024.


                # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_BCEHIWT_Wordo:_BUNNY⠀⇛


          o § Technology and Free Software⠀➾


                # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Three_Thoughts_on_the_Ex-Twitter⠀⇛


                             Twitter, it seems, is in a lot of trouble. In
                             an email leaked to the Wall Street Journal,
                             Musk admits that, "our user growth is
                             stagnant, revenue is unimpressive, and we’re
                             barely breaking even."


                             Oof. I don't know if that's exactly true.
                             Musk isn't quite known for his truth-telling
                             - all the pronouncements of self-driving
                             fleets of robotaxis and cyborg butlers have
                             always had the ring of someone bullshitting
                             for the media, who, in his defense, always
                             uncritically printed what he said. But
                             whether things are bad or catastrophically
                             bad for Twitter doesn't really seem to
                             matter. It had growth problems to begin with.
                             Then it got Musk. Then it decidedly went
                             downhill. Whether Twitter can ever be
                             restored to a shadow of what it was in the
                             2010s is an open question, but another person
                             would have to take the helm.


                # § Software Releases/Announcements⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Gabbro_0.1.2_Release⠀⇛


                             To see all of them and be able to select the
                             one you're interested in you'd have to write
                             an index and put it into that directory. Even
                             having it being generated is pretty annoying,
                             right?


===============================================================================
* Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It's like the
World Wide Web but a lot lighter.





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4869

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 01/02/2025: Chinese and American
Censorship, Cloud-[sic]Native Targeted by Software
Patents⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇A_cup_of_cappuccino_coffee_with_a_flower⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Science
          o Hardware
          o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
          o Proprietary
          o Security
                # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
                # Privacy/Surveillance
          o Defence/Aggression
          o Environment
                # Energy/Transportation
                # Overpopulation
          o Finance
          o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
          o Censorship/Free_Speech
          o Civil_Rights/Policing
          o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
          o Monopolies/Monopsonies
                # Patents
                # Trademarks
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Your_favourite_doesn’t_have_to_be_the_best⠀⇛


                 I was mulling some feedback I received about my OM_System
                 OM-1_Mark_II post, in which the mental brain genius
                 claimed I was “retarded” for wanting something when a
                 “full frame camera could be bought” for the “same cost”.
                 They then gave me a link to an American retailer selling
                 a full-frame Lumix camera body that was more expensive
                 than the OM-1 Mark II, and not available in my locale.
                 Whoops.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Political_Science_Department
                  launches_their_first_Spanish-language_discussion_section⠀⇛


                       After four years of teaching POLSCI 347: Latin
                       American Politics and Society, Edgar Franco-
                       Vivanco, assistant professor of political science,
                       will offer a discussion section in Spanish. Led by
                       Rackham student Franshelly Martinez-Ortiz, this is
                       the first time the University of Michigan’s
                       Political Science Department has ever offered a
                       discussion section taught in Spanish.


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Distinguished_University
                  Professors_present_research_on_sustainability_and_social
                  justice⠀⇛


                       About 55 graduate students, faculty and community
                       members filled Rackham Amphitheater Wednesday
                       afternoon to watch the Distinguished University
                       Professorship Lecture series.


          o § Hardware⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Winter-Proof_(And_Improve)_Your_Resin_3D
                  Printing⠀⇛


                       Was your 3D printer working fine over the summer,
                       and now it’s not? With colder temperatures comes an
                       overall surge in print failure reports —
                       particularly with resin-based printers that might
                       reside in outbuildings, basements, or garages. If
                       you think this applies to you, don’t miss [Jan
                       Mrázek]’s tips on improving cold-weather print
                       results. His tips target the main reasons prints
                       fail, helping to make the process a little more
                       resilient overall. [Jan]’s advice is the product of
                       long experience and experimentation, so don’t miss
                       out.


                # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Brodboost-C_is_a_USB_Type-C_breadboard_power
                  supply_board_with_adjustable_3.3V_to_5V_voltage_
                  (Crowdfunding)⠀⇛


                       Axiometa BrodBoost-C is a USB Type-C breadboard
                       power supply with a simple design that powers both
                       rails of a breadboard with voltage adjustable
                       between 3.3V and 5V. It also includes an on/off
                       switch, an LED indicator, and built-in fuse
                       protection.


                # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Replacement_UPS_on_order⠀⇛


                       I own a CyberPower Value1500ELCD, rated at 900W, I
                       think purchased in 2018. Still on the original
                       battery, actually two batteries, each lead-acid 12V
                       9AH, wired in series. The mains power dropped out
                       for a few minutes recently, and the UPS did its
                       thing, so the batteries are still working.


          o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ New_York_Doctor_Indicted_in_Louisiana_for
                  Sending_Abortion_Pills_There⠀⇛


                       The case opens a new front in the battle between
                       states that ban abortion and states that support
                       providing abortion anywhere in the country.


                # ⚓ University of Michigan ☛ Faculty_course_on_student_mental
                  health_now_available⠀⇛


                       Instructors at U-M now have access to a self-paced
                       course on role-appropriate ways they can support
                       student mental health. The course is available on
                       Canvas and features eight modules.


                # ⚓ Federal News Network ☛ Troops_can_no_longer_have_their
                  travel_costs_covered_to_access_reproductive_care⠀⇛


                       A memo rescinded the Biden-era travel policy that
                       covered transportation, lodging, and food costs to
                       access off-base reproductive health care.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ ST_Picks:_The_rise_of_pineapple_farming
                  in_Sarawak⠀⇛


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Death_of_Lee’s_pineapple_juice,_once
                  served_in_homes_every_CNY,_signals_tough_times_for_Johor
                  farmers⠀⇛


                       Perhaps by 2030, the pineapple I offer to my
                       ancestors will be grown in Sarawak.


                # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ How_measuring_vaccine_hesitancy
                  could_help_health_professionals_tackle_it⠀⇛


                       This article first appeared in The Checkup, MIT
                       Technology Review’s weekly biotech newsletter. To
                       receive it in your inbox every Thursday, and read
                       articles like this first, sign up here. This week,
                       Robert F. Kennedy Jr., President


                # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Trump_Ban_on_Lifesaving_Humanitarian_Aid
                  Still_in_Place,_Despite_Administration_Claims⠀⇛


                       On Friday morning, the staffers at a half dozen
                       U.S.-funded medical facilities in Sudan who care
                       for severely malnourished children had a choice to
                       make: Defy President Donald Trump’s order to
                       immediately stop their operations or let up to 100
                       babies and toddlers die.


                       They chose the children.


          o § Proprietary⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Next Platform ☛ Azure_Can’t_Make_Up_For_On_Premises
                  Profit_Decline_At_Microsoft⠀⇛


                       If you think it might be difficult to sell
                       companies general purpose servers when they are
                       frenzied about GenAI and trying to figure out how
                       to get GPU-accelerated systems, you ought to try to
                       convince the same companies to upgrade to
                       backdoored Windows Server 2025, which launched last
                       November.


                # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Lilbits:_Apple_scraps_an_AR_glasses_project,
                  Linux_app_support_for_Android,_and_AYANEO’s_handheld_gaming
                  PC_with_modular_controllers⠀⇛


                       The Apple Vision Pro has widely received positive
                       reviews for offering an amazing mixed reality
                       experience. But they’ve also been a niche device
                       since launch, at least partially because of their
                       $3,499 price tag.


                # ⚓ Help Net Security ☛ CyberArk_Identity_Bridge_manages_user
                  access_and_authentication_for_Linux_environments⠀⇛


                       CyberArk announced Identity Bridge, an endpoint
                       identity security capability that will support
                       identity and privilege sprawl reduction on Linux
                       machines.


                       Identity Bridge will enable organizations to
                       authenticate to Linux systems using centralized
                       accounts, minimizing dependence on outdated
                       authentication methods. This helps modernize
                       Identity and Access Management (IAM) without
                       leaving Linux environments behind.


                # ⚓ CNBC ☛ Microsoft_stock_slumps_more_than_6%_on_disappointing
                  revenue_outlook⠀⇛


                       Microsoft shares dropped 6.2% after issuing weak
                       current-quarter guidance after the bell Wednesday.


                # § Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ DeepSeek_may_be_cheap_AI,_but
                        Australian_companies_should_beware [Ed: The issue isn't
                        the cost but the generation of lies]⠀⇛


                             Amid the shocked reactions this week to the
                             release of the Chinese artificial
                             intelligence model, DeepSeek, the risk we
                             should be most concerned about is the
                             potential for the model to be misused to
                             disrupt [...]


                      # ⚓ Gunnar Wolf ☛ ChatGPT_is_bullshit⠀⇛


                             As people around the world understand how
                             LLMs behave, more and more people wonder as
                             to why these models hallucinate, and what can
                             be done about to reduce it. This
                             provocatively named article by Michael
                             Townsen Hicks, James Humphries and Joe Slater
                             bring is an excellent primer to better
                             understanding how LLMs work and what to
                             expect from them.


                             As humans carrying out our relations using
                             our language as the main tool, we are easily
                             at awe with the apparent ease with which
                             ChatGPT (the first widely available, and to
                             this day probably the best known, LLM-based
                             automated chatbot) simulates human-like
                             understanding and how it helps us to easily
                             carry out even daunting data aggregation
                             tasks. It is common that people ask ChatGPT
                             for an answer and, if it gets part of the
                             answer wrong, they justify it by stating that
                             it’s just a hallucination. Townsen et al.
                             invite us to switch from that
                             characterization to a more correct one: LLMs
                             are bullshitting. This term is formally
                             presented by Frankfurt [1]. To Bullshit is
                             not the same as to lie, because lying
                             requires to know (and want to cover) the
                             truth. A bullshitter not necessarily knows
                             the truth, they just have to provide a
                             compelling description, regardless of what is
                             really aligned with truth.


                      # ⚓ AI_as_a_Form⠀⇛


                             The terms and expressions "AI", "machine
                             learning", "chatting to computers"...etc are
                             being thrown about a lot lately. I would
                             argue even with much lack of context, nuance
                             or thought. Though that isn't my main point
                             to discuss here. Instead, I want to focus at
                             what I think people are seeing or at least
                             seeking in these things, beyond the emotional
                             aspect.


                             I want to argue in these following lines that
                             - at least in some intuitive sense - many
                             people see the abstract concept of "Forms"
                             come alive in "AI".


          o § Security⠀➾


                # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Philippines_arrests_100_suspects
                        in_online_scam_farm_raid⠀⇛


                             The scam farm owners are suspected to be
                             remnants of online gaming operators banned in
                             2024.


                # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ WhatsApp_says_it_disrupted_spyware
                        campaign_aimed_at_reporters,_civil_society [Ed:
                        Surveillance by Facebook ("Meta") sold to people as
                        "protection"]⠀⇛


                             The company linked to the campaign recently
                             signed a deal with U.S. Immigration and
                             Customs Enforcement.


                      # ⚓ EFF ☛ Mad_at_Meta?_Don't_Let_Them_Collect_and
                        Monetize_Your_Personal_Data⠀⇛


                             If you’re fed up with Meta right now, you’re
                             not alone. Google searches for deleting
                             Facebook and Instagram spiked last week after
                             Meta announced its latest policy changes.
                             These changes, seemingly designed to appease
                             the incoming Trump administration, included
                             loosening Meta’s hate speech policy to allow
                             for the targeting of LGBTQ+ people and
                             immigrants.


                      # ⚓ Cloudbooklet ☛ DeepSeek_Data_Leak:_Million_Records
                        Stolen,_Users_at_Risk⠀⇛


                             DeepSeek data leak exposed a million records,
                             compromising user data and Hey Hi (AI)
                             secrets, raising major security concerns for
                             AI-driven services globally.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ U.S._Considers_Sending_Israel_24,000
                  Assault_Rifles_Held_Back_Under_Biden⠀⇛


                       Democratic lawmakers had expressed concerns to
                       Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken about the
                       rifles possibly going to settler militias or being
                       misused by the police.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Philippines’_Marcos_seeks_reassurances
                  from_Convicted_Felon_over_alliance⠀⇛


                       Manila is seeking Washington’s enduring support in
                       the face of threats from China.


                # ⚓ South_China_Sea:_Massive_chunk_of_coral_reef_destroyed_by
                  island-building_rivals⠀⇛


                       U.S. think tank AMTI says claimants’ island
                       building has destroyed vast areas of coral reef.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ US_charges_former_Fed_official_with
                  spying_for_China⠀⇛


                       US prosecutors announced Friday that they have
                       charged a former Federal Reserve advisor with
                       spying on behalf of China while posing as a part-
                       time lecturer at a local university. The Department
                       of Justice (DOJ) said it had charged John Harold
                       Rogers, a 63-year-old US national, with spying for
                       Beijing while employed as a senior advisor […]


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Melanie_Hart_testifies_to_the_Senate
                  Foreign_Relations_Committee_on_China’s_malign_influence⠀⇛


                       On January 30, Global China Hub Senior Director
                       Melanie Hart testified to the Senate Foreign
                       Relations Committee at a hearing titled, “The
                       malign influence of the People’s Republic of China
                       at home and abroad: Recommendations for policy
                       makers.” Below are her prepared remarks.


                # ⚓ YLE ☛ Finland_to_build_major_TNT_factory_in_Pori⠀⇛


                       There is high demand for explosives in Europe, with
                       only one plant now producing TNT.


                # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Trump_threatens_100-percent_tariffs_on_BRICS
                  countries_over_efforts_to_‘replace_the_mighty_U.S._Dollar’_—
                  Meduza⠀⇛


                # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ The_foreign_aid_freeze_poses_risks_to_US
                  interests_in_Syria⠀⇛


                       Postwar Syria faces a precarious economic and
                       security situation and the United States’
                       assistance—or lack thereof—will play an outsize
                       role in its outcome.


                # ⚓ Marcy Wheeler ☛ Mark Kapo-berg_Agrees_to_Turn_Meta_[Back]
                  into_a_Pogrom_Machine⠀⇛


                       Mark Kapo-berg's $25 million agreement to lose to
                       Convicted Felon in a lawsuit over Facebook's
                       efforts to halt Convicted Felon's ongoing
                       insurrection in 2021 is more than a bribe.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Facebook_(Farcebook)_Said_to_Explore
                  Incorporating_in_a_Different_State⠀⇛


                       The owner of Facebook (Farcebook) and Instagram is
                       incorporated in Delaware, but is considering a
                       change. Its corporate headquarters would remain in
                       Silicon Valley, people with knowledge of the matter
                       said.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Army_Withholds_Identity_of_Helicopter
                  Pilot_Killed_in_Crash⠀⇛


                       The names of two male crew members were released,
                       but the family of the third aviator requested
                       privacy.


                # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Libya_rescues_263_illegal_immigrants_from_abusive
                  group_in_Al-Wahat⠀⇛


                       Libya Criminal Investigation Agency announced the
                       rescue of over two hundred illegal immigrants in
                       the Al-Wahat district from a gang that tortured,
                       abused and mistreated them on Friday. The rescued
                       came from countries such as Eritrea, Somalia and
                       Ethiopia, and were subject to horrific conditions,
                       malnutrition, and sexual violence.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Visitor_ban_for_South_Korea’s_Yoon_to
                  be_lifted,_lawyers_expected_to_seek_bail⠀⇛


                       Right-wing politicians seek to take advantage of
                       the eased restrictions to rally support for Yoon.


                # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Dictator_freeze_on_foreign_aid_stuns_Belarus
                        opposition,_NGOs_in_Vilnius⠀⇛


                             The United States halted all foreign aid
                             projects for the next three months to review
                             existing programmes, stunning Lithuanian NGOs
                             and Belarusian opposition organisations based
                             in Vilnius.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Norwegian_police_arrest_ship_suspected_of
                        involvement_in_damaging_cable_between_Latvia_and_Sweden
                        —_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Investigation_Begins_Into_Plane_Crash_That
                        Killed_Russian-Born_Skaters⠀⇛


                             Former Russian World Champion figure skaters
                             Vadim Naumov and his wife, Evgenia Shishkova,
                             are among scores killed in a mid-air
                             collision between a passenger jet a military
                             helicopter on a training flight over the
                             Potomac River near the Pentagon in
                             Washington, D.C.


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_minister_rejects_idea_that_EU_resume
                        Russian_gas_purchases⠀⇛


                             Amid media reports that EU officials are
                             considering to resume buying Russian gas,
                             Lithuanian Energy Minister Žygimantas
                             Vaičiūnas this option should not be under
                             discussion right now.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_world_of_sports_has_suffered_a_great
                        loss’:_A_look_back_at_the_lives_of_the_Russian_figure
                        skaters_killed_in_the_D.C._plane_crash_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘We’ll_send_you_home_in_a_body_bag’:
                        Mediazona_investigation_reveals_rogue_‘private_army’
                        inside_Russian_military_that_terrorized_fellow_soldiers
                        —_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Finnish_nuclear_power_plant_turns_away_high
                        school_student_on_field_trip_because_of_his_Russian
                        citizenship_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Kremlin_Chokes_YouTube_Service,_but
                        Russians_Find_Ways_Around_It⠀⇛


                             The Kremlin is trying to cripple YouTube in
                             Russia, internet experts say, pushing some
                             people to state-controlled domestic
                             alternatives. But many Russians have found
                             workarounds.


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Japan_scrambles_jets_as_Russian
                        bombers_fly_over_high_seas⠀⇛


                             Tokyo has raised the issue with Moscow in the
                             past through diplomatic routes.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Dictator_Again_Says_He_Wants_To_Talk_With
                        Putin_About_Ending_War_In_Ukraine⠀⇛


                             U.S President The Insurrectionist on January
                             31 said he and Russian President Vladimir
                             Putin could soon talk and announce something
                             significant toward ending the conflict in
                             Ukraine.


                      # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Norway_seizes_ship_suspected_of_involvement
                        in_Latvian_cable_damage⠀⇛


                             Norwegian police have arrested a Russian-
                             crewed vessel belonging to a Norwegian
                             company at the request of Latvian authorities
                             on suspicion of connection to the damage to
                             Latvian submarine cable last Sunday, the
                             Norwegian police said in a release on Friday,
                             January 31.


                      # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Latvian_company_named_in_investigation_of
                        illegal_'blood_birch'_trade⠀⇛


                             After the invasion of Ukraine, the European
                             Union (EU) banned timber imports from the
                             aggressor countries Russia and Belarus. But
                             imports are still happening and a Latvian
                             company appears to be involved in
                             circumventing the sanctions, reports Latvian
                             Television.


                      # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Re:Baltica_examines_Baltic_emigrants_turned
                        Kremlin_propagandists⠀⇛


                             Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, its
                             propaganda channels have claimed that
                             residents of the Baltic states are fleeing en
                             masse to Russia and Belarus to escape
                             “russophobia.” However, a new Re:Baltica
                             investigation reveals different reasons for
                             these false narratives.


                      # ⚓ France24 ☛ Russia_claims_village_in_Ukraine's
                        Donetsk region⠀⇛


                             Russia on Friday claimed it had captured
                             another village in its relentless offensive
                             in eastern Ukraine’s Donetsk region and as it
                             closes in on the critical Ukrainian logistics
                             hub of Pokrovsk after almost three years of
                             war. Russian forces have been trying for
                             months to capture the key Donetsk strongholds
                             of Pokrovsk in order to cut off Ukrainian
                             forces' supply.


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_president_‘sceptical’_about
                        ceasefire_in_Ukraine_war⠀⇛


                             President Gitanas Nausėda is sceptical about
                             bids to end the war in Ukraine with a swift
                             agreement, his office said after his phone
                             call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr
                             Zelensky on Thursday.


                      # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ ‘It’s_nice_to_feel_wanted’_–_Sun
                        reporter_defiant_after_Russian_arrest_warrant_issued⠀⇛


                             Sun editor Victoria Newton says Russian move
                             is blatant attempt to suppress the free
                             press.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Missile_Attack_Injures_7_In_Odesa,
                        Causes_Serious_Damage_To_Historic_City_Center⠀⇛


                             Russian troops on January 31 attacked the
                             historical center of the Ukrainian Black Sea
                             port city of Odesa, damaging buildings on the
                             UNESCO World Heritage list and injuring seven
                             people, local officials said.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Missile_Attack_Hits_Historic_Center
                        Of_Odesa⠀⇛


                             Russian troops on January 31 attacked the
                             historical center of the Ukrainian Black Sea
                             port city of Odesa, damaging buildings and
                             injuring two people, local officials said.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Ukraine_Says_It_Hit_Russian_Refinery_In
                        Volograd⠀⇛


                             Ukraine says it struck a major oil refinery
                             in the Volograd region as part of its drive
                             to target Russian infrastructure tied to
                             Moscow's war effort.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ At_Least_9_Killed_In_Russian_Drone_Strike_On
                        Ukraine's_Sumy⠀⇛


                             A Russian drone attack that Ukrainian
                             President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called "a
                             horrible tragedy" struck a residential
                             building in the Ukrainian regional capital
                             Sumy, officials said, killing at least six
                             and injuring nine others, including a child.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Around_13,000_people_once_lived_here’:
                        Photos_from_Ukraine’s_Chasiv_Yar,_a_town_turned_to_a
                        ‘wasteland’_by_Russia’s_ongoing_assault_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ North_Korean_forces_pulled_back_from_front
                        lines_after_heavy_losses_—_NYT_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ North_Korean_Troops_in_Russia_Taken
                        off_Front_Lines⠀⇛


                             North Korea sent its best troops to aid
                             Russia in its war against Ukraine. But after
                             months of suffering severe losses, they have
                             been taken off the front line.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Oscar-winning_Ukrainian_filmmaker_Mstyslav
                        Chernov_has_a_new_documentary_Critic_Elena_Smolina
                        explains_how_‘2000_Meters_to_Andriivka’_returns_lived
                        experience_to_our_conversation_about_Russia’s_invasion
                        —_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Fire_breaks_out_at_Lukoil_oil_refinery_in
                        Volgograd_after_Ukrainian_drone_attack_—_Meduza⠀⇛


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Adapting_to_the_climate_crisis_will
                  require_societal_transformation,_not_least_in_China_and_Hong
                  Kong⠀⇛


                       By John Barkdull and Paul G. Harris Every day
                       brings news of the effects of climate change on
                       human communities. For example, low rainfall and
                       other factors associated with climate change have
                       exacerbated the fires that are now consuming
                       neighbourhoods in the Los Angeles area of
                       California.


                # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ South_Korea_to_begin_on-site
                        investigation_of_burnt_Air_Busan_plane⠀⇛


                             Baggage in the cargo hold was removed and
                             will be returned to passengers.


                      # ⚓ H2 View ☛ South_Korean_researchers_develop_two-litre
                        ammonia_engine⠀⇛


                             “This engine technology could serve as a
                             breakthrough in addressing the challenges of
                             hydrogen transportation and green hydrogen
                             production.”


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Malaysia_petrol_dealers_seek
                        penalties_for_foreigners_who_buy_subsidised_fuel⠀⇛


                             The issue has to be handled through systemic
                             reforms and enforcement, said an industry
                             player.


                # § Overpopulation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_Education_Ministry_official_calls
                        for_bringing_back_school_discos_to_boost_country’s
                        birthrate_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russia_has_started_taking_DNA_samples_from
                        people_charged_with_misdemeanors_—_like_participating
                        in_protests_and_promoting_‘childfree_propaganda’_—
                        Meduza⠀⇛


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ LRT ☛ EU_once_again_asks_to_suspend_WTO_case_over_China’s
                  trade_with_Lithuania⠀⇛


                       Following a request from the European Commission,
                       the World Trade Organization (WTO) has suspended
                       the case over China’s alleged trade restrictions on
                       Lithuania for the second time.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ New_Malaysia_border_agency_to_oversee
                  all_checkpoints_nationwide_to_improve_efficiency⠀⇛


                       A Home Ministry official said the agency's
                       functions and roles would be similar to Singapore’s
                       ICA.


          o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ CDC_Web_Pages_and_Data_Vanish_Following
                  Convicted_Felon’s_DEI_and_Gender_Orders⠀⇛


                       Vague federal directives have led to frantic
                       action, and perhaps overreaction, before a Friday
                       deadline.


                # ⚓ How_does_DeepSeek_answer_sensitive_questions_about_China?⠀⇛


                       The chatbot refused to answer some queries, erased
                       its replies or answered differently depending on
                       language.


                # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Certain_topics_are_temporarily_restricted’:
                  China’s_DeepSeek_is_fairly_straightforward_about_the_war_in
                  Ukraine._But_on_sensitive_Chinese_issues,_Russia’s_chatbots
                  are_more_cautious._—_Meduza⠀⇛


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ RightsCon_2025,_Taipei_and_online⠀⇛


                       Venue: Taipei International Convention Center Each
                       year, RightsCon convenes business leaders, policy
                       makers, general counsels, government
                       representatives, technologists, academics,
                       journalists, and human rights advocates from around
                       the world to tackle


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ S._Korea_voices_regret_after_Japan’s
                  Unesco_report_again_fails_to_reflect_forced_labour⠀⇛


                       Japan had promised earlier to take steps to
                       remember the victims, including many Koreans.


          o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


                # ⚓ APNIC ☛ Recent_cases_of_watering_hole_attacks:_Part_1⠀⇛


                       Guest Post: Dissecting a recent watering hole and
                       how to defend against them.


                # ⚓ APNIC ☛ Recent_cases_of_watering_hole_attacks:_Part_2⠀⇛


                       Guest Post: Dissecting another recent watering hole
                       and how to defend against them.


      § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


          o § Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $5,000_awarded_in_first-ever_Cloud-Native
                  Heroes_Challenge_on_PATROLL⠀⇛


                       Unified Patents and Cloud_Native_Computing
                       Foundation_(CNCF) are pleased to announce the
                       winning prior art submissions in the first ever
                       Cloud_Native_Heroes_Challenge, a patent monopoly
                       troll bounty program, in which prizes exceeding
                       $5,000 were awarded to winners from 3 different
                       continents. The results of this contest demonstrate
                       the benefits of engaging open source developers and
                       technologists with domain expertise in the fight
                       against patent monopoly trolls.


          o § Trademarks⠀➾


                # ⚓ TTAB Blog ☛ TTABlog_Test:_Which_of_These_Three_Section_2(d)
                  Refusals_Was/Were_Overturned_on_Appeal?⠀⇛


                       The TTAB affirmance rate for Section 2(d) appeals
                       last year fell just under 90%. Here are three
                       recent Board decisions, at least one of which
                       reversed the refusal. How do you think they came
                       out? [Answer in first comment].





                    ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 5804

╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕

⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ Links 1/2/2025: LLM Hype Revisited,
Linuxwashing by Oumi⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧


posted by Roy Schestowitz on Feb 01, 2025


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Spring_in_the_woods⦈_


🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈


§ Contents⠀➾


    * Leftovers
          o Science
          o Career/Education
          o Hardware
          o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture
          o Proprietary
          o Pseudo-Open_Source
                # Openwashing
          o Security
                # Integrity/Availability/Authenticity
                # Privacy/Surveillance
                # Confidentiality
          o Defence/Aggression
          o Transparency/Investigative_Reporting
          o Environment
                # Energy/Transportation
                # Wildlife/Nature
          o Finance
          o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics
          o Censorship/Free_Speech
          o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press
          o Civil_Rights/Policing
          o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality
          o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM)
          o Monopolies/Monopsonies
                # Patents
    * § Leftovers⠀➾


          o ⚓ BIA Net ☛ Director_Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan_opens_new_photography
            exhibition_in_İstanbul⠀⇛


                 The exhibition can be seen free of charge until Feb 23.


          o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Digital_Paint_Mixing_Has_Been_Greatly_Improved_With
            1930s_Math⠀⇛


                 You might not have noticed if you’re not a digital
                 artist, but most painting and image apps still get color
                 mixing wrong. As we all learned in kindergarten, blue
                 paint and yellow paint makes green paint. Try doing that
                 in Photoshop, and you’ll get something altogether
                 different—a vague, uninspiring brownish-grey. It’s the
                 same story in just about every graphics package out
                 there.


          o ⚓ Latvia ☛ Interactive_exhibition_shows_400_years_of_Liepāja's
            history⠀⇛


                 Before the 400th anniversary of the city of Liepāja,  an
                 innovative photo exhibition "Beautiful Liepāja - 400" has
                 been unveiled, currently on display in the Liepāja
                 Museum, Latvian Radio reported on January 30.


          o ⚓ NYPost ☛ ‘The_Voice’_alum_Ryan_Whyte_Maloney’s_fiancée_witnessed
            fatal_gunshot_that_ended_singer’s_life:_police_report⠀⇛


                 Ryan Whyte Malone died tragically of suicide.


          o ⚓ Chris Coyier ☛ Control⠀⇛


                 Perhaps the biggest reason having your own site is a good
                 idea is that you are in complete control. Platforms come
                 and go, but your site is your site. You control the
                 content, the design, the URLs, the everything. It’s a
                 direct connection between a visitor to your site and you.


                 But I got some very valid pushback on this on a panel I
                 was on last year.


          o ⚓ Bob Monsour ☛ My_last_word_on_RSS_entry_IDs⠀⇛


                 As has been pointed out to me, the IDs I was using for my
                 RSS feed entries were not as permanently unique and
                 robust as they could be.


                 As one who can sometimes not let go of a bone once it's
                 been picked up, I decided to do something about it.


          o ⚓ Bob Monsour ☛ Prepare_for_a_minor_flood_of_RSS_entries⠀⇛


                 As I have written, several times over the last few days,
                 I've made a change to the way that I create IDs for my
                 RSS feed entries.


          o ⚓ Annie Mueller ☛ Ignore_this_if_you_are_a_complete_success_-
            annie's_blog⠀⇛


                 It’s kind of freeing and humbling and beautiful to see
                 that if you being you is the point, then failure and
                 success both serve you. In fact, the idea of failure/
                 success becomes kind of… nonsensical.


          o ⚓ Cory Dransfeldt ☛ Chronological_feeds,_slow_feeds⠀⇛


                 The modern internet demands your attention but rarely
                 deserves it. Chronological feeds — slow feeds — allow you
                 to filter out noise, get the updates you need and go back
                 to doing something worth your time.


          o ⚓ Six Colors ☛ Reading_newsletters_via_an_RSS_reader_is_still
            great⠀⇛


                 I’m happy to report that I still do this—all of my
                 newsletters either get sent directly to Feedbin or are
                 forwarded to Feedbin via an email rule—and reading RSS
                 and newsletters together is still as much of my morning
                 routine as that tea is.


          o ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ ‘Masculine_strength,_feminine_grace’:
            Shantou’s_Chinese_lion_dance_troupe_shrugs_off_patriarchal_past⠀⇛


                 Flinging her male teammate into the air, performer Lin
                 Xinmeng practises China’s world-famous lion dance with a
                 troupe that is shrugging off centuries of patriarchal
                 norms. Mixing acrobatics, martial arts and theatre, lion
                 dancing is believed to bring prosperity and protection
                 from evil spirits.


          o ⚓ Stuart_Langridge:_Forty_Nine⠀⇛


                 The sum of the digits of the square of 49 (2401) is the
                 square root of 49.


                 49 is the first square where the digits are squares. In
                 this case, 4 and 9 are square numbers.


                 It seems that 49 is an age of squares.


                 I find myself increasingly OK with this.


          o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Creating_the_ecomyca_article_on_Wikipedia⠀⇛


                 Last week I created an article for the ecomyca_card:


                 ecomyca (えこまいか) is a rechargeable contactless smart card
                 issued by the Toyama Chihō Railway in Japan since 2010.
                 The name is a portmanteau of “ecology” and “my card”, and
                 is a play on the Toyama dialect “ikomaika” (行こまいか) which
                 translates to “let’s go”.


                 This was a lot of fun to research, and definitely pushed
                 my limited Kanji and Hiragana! Anyone who’s fluent in
                 Japanese, or has spent time in Toyama Prefecture, feel
                 free to add to it, or ping me if you have more info. I
                 only built the absolute basics.


          o ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Wait,_it’s_the_31st_of_January!?⠀⇛


                 I saw that date under the title of my previous post as I
                 was drafting it, and did a double-take. We’re almost into
                 the second month of 2025. Already. What the fsck(8)? We’d
                 better get the Xmas decorations down soon.


          o § Science⠀➾


                # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Scientists_Say_If_We're_Extremely_Lucky,_This
                  Asteroid_May_Put_Us_Out_of_Our_Misery⠀⇛


                       "Odds have slightly increased to 1 in 83,"
                       University of Arizona researcher David Rankin wrote
                       in a post on Bluesky. "This is one of the highest
                       probabilities of an impact from a significantly
                       sized rock ever."


                       "Most likely outcome is still a near miss," he
                       added. "We continue to track it!"


                # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ This_quantum_computer_built_on
                  server_racks_paves_the_way_to_bigger_machines⠀⇛


                       Aurora is a “photonic” quantum computer, which
                       means it crunches numbers using photonic
                       qubits—information encoded in light. In practice,
                       this means combining and recombining laser beams on
                       multiple chips using lenses, fibers, and other
                       optics according to an algorithm. Xanadu’s computer
                       is designed in such a way that the answer to an
                       algorithm it executes corresponds to the final
                       number of photons in each laser beam. This approach
                       differs from one used by Google and IBM, which
                       involves encoding information in properties of
                       superconducting circuits.


                # ⚓ Wired ☛ Trump’s_Plan_for_Elon_Musk_to_Bring_the_‘Stranded’
                  Astronauts_Home_ASAP_Is_a_Headache_for_NASA⠀⇛


                       Now generally, at Ars Technica, it is not our
                       policy to write stories strictly based on things
                       Elon Musk says on X. However, this statement was so
                       declarative, and so consternation-inducing for
                       NASA, it bears a bit of explication.


                       First of all, the most plausible explanation for
                       this is that Elon is being Elon. “He’s trolling,”
                       said one of my best space policy sources shortly
                       after Musk’s tweet. After all, the tweet was sent
                       at 4:20 pm in the central time zone, where SpaceX
                       now has its headquarters.


                       Even if it is trolling, it will still cause
                       headaches within NASA.


          o § Career/Education⠀➾


                # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ Public_libraries_in_dire_straits:_26_of
                  28_librarian_posts_vacant_in_Punjab⠀⇛


                       The 14 public libraries in the districts across
                       Punjab are in crisis due to a shortage of
                       librarians. According to official data, 26 of the
                       28 sanctioned librarian posts across the state are
                       vacant, with the last recruitment having taken
                       place in 1998.


                       The MM Central State Library in Patiala, one of the
                       most significant knowledge centres in the state,
                       has seven sanctioned librarian posts, but all are
                       vacant.


          o § Hardware⠀➾


                # ⚓ Bunnie Huang ☛ Name_that_Ware,_January_2025⠀⇛


                       One thing I wonder about this ware is…where are the
                       ROMs? Perhaps I’ll find out soon!


                # ⚓ Bunnie Huang ☛ Winner,_Name_that_Ware_December_2024⠀⇛


                       The ware for December 2024 is a 2mm pitch, 64×64
                       LED panel purchased from Evershine Opto Limited.
                       Their sales part number is ES-P2-I, but the
                       silkscreen says DCHY-P2-6464-1515-VP. The seller is
                       just the name slapped on the box; like most
                       commodity wares, there’s likely multiple channels
                       offering the exact same make and model. So, I’ll
                       accept any generic that more or less matches the
                       spec as the winner.


          o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾


                # ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ Multi-camera_system_tracks_dairy_cows_for
                  improved_health_and_productivity⠀⇛


                       While there are invasive methods, like using
                       mechanical devices attached to dairy cows for
                       health monitoring, non-intrusive and non-contact
                       techniques are preferred. These methods are less
                       stressful for the cows, as they do not require any
                       physical attachments, making them more suitable for
                       everyday use on farms.


                       These include advanced deep learning methods, such
                       as camera-based tracking and image analysis. This
                       approach is based on the idea that dairy cows often
                       exhibit unusual behaviors and movement patterns due
                       to illness, diseases, the estrus cycle, stress, or
                       anxiety.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Pause_on_U.S._Funding_Spreads_Fear_of
                  H.I.V._Spike_Across_Africa⠀⇛


                       Patients and health care advocates said the abrupt
                       decision to halt U.S. funding for a lifesaving
                       H.I.V. program led to widespread confusion. The
                       backtracking didn’t help.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ FDA_Approves_Journavx_Drug_to_Treat_Pain
                  Without_Addiction_Risk⠀⇛


                       The drug, Journavx by Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
                       blocks pain signals to the brain, making it
                       nonaddictive.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Takeaways_From_Day_2_of_RFK_Jr.’s
                  Confirmation_Hearings⠀⇛


                       Robert F. Kennedy Jr., President Convicted Felon’s
                       nominee for health secretary, vigorously defended
                       his views on vaccines, and a key senator still has
                       clear doubts.


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Uganda_confirms_Ebola_outbreak_caused_death_of
                  Kampala_hospital_nurse⠀⇛


                       A 32-year-old male nurse at Mulago Hospital in the
                       Ugandan capital Kampala has died of Ebola, health
                       officials said Thursday, adding that at least 44 of
                       his contacts had so far been identified. Uganda’s
                       last outbreak of the disease, discovered in
                       September 2022, killed at least 55 people before it
                       was declared over in January 2023.


                # ⚓ Stanford University ☛ Stanford_nurses_enter_contract
                  negotiations_with_Stanford_Health_Care,_children’s_hospital⠀⇛


                       This week, members of the Committee for the
                       Recognition of Nursing Achievement (CRONA), went to
                       the bargaining table with Stanford Health Care
                       (SHC) ahead of the current contract’s March 31
                       expiration.


                # ⚓ NYPost ☛ FDA_approves_painkiller_designed_to_eliminate_the
                  risk_of_addiction_associated_with_opioids⠀⇛


                       It’s the first new pharmaceutical approach to
                       treating pain in more than 20 years.


          o § Proprietary⠀➾


                # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Microsoft_investigates_Abusive
                  Monopolist_Microsoft_365_outage_affecting_users,_admins⠀⇛


                       Microsoft is investigating an ongoing outage
                       preventing users and admins from accessing some
                       Microsoft 365 services and the admin center.
                       According to thousands of reports from affected
                       customers logged by DownDetector, these ongoing
                       issues block login attempts and impact Microsoft
                       365 suite websites and Outlook services.


                # § Artificial Intelligence (AI)⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Strategist ☛ Could’ve_seen_it_coming:_ASPI’s_tech
                        tracker_had_picked_up_China’s_Hey_Hi_(AI)_strength⠀⇛


                             It shouldn’t have come as a complete shock.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Team_Says_They've_Recreated_DeepSeek's
                        OpenAI_Killer_for_Literally_$30⠀⇛


                             Jiayi Pan, a PhD candidate at the University
                             of California, Berkeley, claims that he and
                             his AI research team have recreated core
                             functions of DeepSeek's R1-Zero for just $30
                             — a comically more limited budget than
                             DeepSeek, which rattled the tech industry
                             this week with its extremely thrifty model
                             that it says cost just a few million to
                             train.


                             Take it with a grain of salt until other
                             experts weigh in and test it for themselves.
                             But the assertion — and particularly its
                             bargain basement price tag — is yet another
                             illustration that the discourse in AI
                             research is rapidly shifting from a paradigm
                             of ultra-intensive computation powered by
                             huge datacenters, to efficient solutions that
                             call the financial model of major players
                             like OpenAI into question.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ OpenAI_Asking_for_Tens_of_Billions_in_New
                        Investment_to_"Fund_Its_Money-Losing_business
                        Operations"⠀⇛


                             For evidence, look no further than the WSJ's
                             diplomatic phrasing: the "startup also
                             expects to use the cash to fund its money-
                             losing business operations."


                             OpenAI is looking to raise funds at least in
                             part to fulfill its promise of committing
                             roughly $18 billion to president Donald
                             Trump's shiny AI infrastructure initiative.
                             The project, dubbed Stargate, is aiming to
                             raise as much as half a trillion dollars in a
                             matter of four years — plans that were met
                             with plenty of skepticism.


                      # ⚓ Dan Q ☛ Can_AI_retroactively_fix_WordPress_tags?⠀⇛


                             One part of such an effort might be to go
                             back and retroactively add tags where they
                             ought to be. For about the first decade of my
                             blog, i.e. prior to around 2008, I rarely
                             used tags to categorise posts. And as more
                             tags have been added it’s apparent that many
                             old posts even after that point might be
                             lacking tags that perhaps they ought to have.


                             I remain sceptical about many uses of (what
                             we’re today calling) “AI”, but one thing at
                             which LLMs seem to do moderately well is
                             summarisation. And isn’t tagging and
                             categorisation only a stone’s throw away from
                             summarisation? So maybe, I figured, AI could
                             help me to tidy up my tagging. Here’s what I
                             was thinking: [...]


                      # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Chip_race:_Microsoft,_Meta,_Google,_and
                        Nvidia_battle_it_out_for_AI_chip_supremacy_|_The
                        Verge⠀⇛


                             It’s also prompting customers, like
                             Microsoft, Meta, OpenAI, Amazon, and Google
                             to start working on their own AI processors.
                             Meanwhile, Nvidia and other chip makers like
                             AMD and Intel are now locked in an arms race
                             to release newer, more efficient, and more
                             powerful AI chips.


                      # ⚓ Jamie Zawinski ☛ Werewolf_Futures⠀⇛


                             If you read these headlines and think,
                             "That's funny, but it's absurd, because
                             werewolves aren't real"... keep going, you're
                             so close to figuring it out!


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Another_Chinese_AI_Company_Says_It's
                        Beaten_OpenAI⠀⇛


                             If confirmed, the claim could mark yet
                             another escalation in the race to develop
                             higher performance and more cost-efficient AI
                             models among Chinese competitors, which have
                             thrown Western tech markets into chaos.


                      # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ DeepSeek_not_the_only_Chinese_AI
                        dev_keeping_US_up_at_night⠀⇛


                             As always, we recommend taking benchmarks
                             with a grain of salt, but if Alibaba is to be
                             believed, Qwen 2.5 Max – which can search the
                             web, and output text, video, and images from
                             inputs – managed to out perform OpenAI's GPT-
                             4o, Anthropic's Claude 3.5 Sonnet, and Meta's
                             Llama 3.1 405B across the popular Arena-Hard,
                             MMLU-Pro, GPQA-Diamond, LiveCodeBench, and
                             LiveBench benchmark suites.


                      # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Books_written_by_humans_are_getting_their
                        own_certification⠀⇛


                             Certification is currently restricted to
                             Authors Guild members and books penned by a
                             single writer, but will expand “in the
                             future” to include books by non-Guild members
                             and multiple authors. Books and other works
                             must be almost entirely written by humans to
                             qualify for a Human Authored mark, with minor
                             exceptions to accommodate things like AI-
                             powered grammar and spell-check applications.


                      # ⚓ The New Stack ☛ Tools_for_Addressing_Fairness_and
                        Bias_in_Multimodal_AI⠀⇛


                             The recent boom in artificial intelligence
                             gives us a fascinating glimpse of future
                             possibilities, such as the emergence of
                             agentic AI and powerful multimodal AI systems
                             that have also become increasingly
                             mainstream.


                             But even as AI development blazes ahead,
                             there are lingering questions about
                             algorithmic bias. This term refers to how AI
                             systems can inadvertently reflect and augment
                             prejudices from their creators or from skewed
                             training data, thus potentially producing
                             unfair outcomes based on gender, race or age,
                             and potentially perpetuating or even
                             amplifying social inequalities and biases.


                      # ⚓ [Old] Yossi Kreinin ☛ The_state_of_AI_for_hand-drawn
                        animation_inbetweening⠀⇛


                             There are many potential ways to use AI1 (and
                             computers in general) for 2D animation. I’m
                             currently interested in a seemingly
                             conservative goal: to improve the
                             productivity of a traditional hand-drawn full
                             animation workflow by AI assuming
                             responsibilities similar to those of a human
                             assistant.


                             As a “sub-goal” of that larger goal, we’ll
                             take a look at two recently published papers
                             on animation “inbetweening” – the automatic
                             generation of intermediate frames between
                             given keyframes. AFAIK these papers represent
                             the current state of the art. We’ll see how
                             these papers and a commercial frame
                             interpolation tool perform on some test
                             sequences. We’ll then briefly discuss the
                             future of the broad family of techniques in
                             these papers versus some substantially
                             different emerging approaches.


                      # ⚓ Sebastian Ruder ☛ The_Evolving_Landscape_of_LLM
                        Evaluation⠀⇛


                             Throughout recent years, LLM capabilities
                             have outpaced evaluation benchmarks. This is
                             not a new development. The set of canonical
                             LLM evals has further narrowed to a small set
                             of benchmarks such as MMLU for general
                             natural language understanding, GMS8k for
                             mathematical reasoning, and HumanEval for
                             code, among others. Recently, concerns
                             regarding the reliability of even this small
                             set of benchmarks have emerged.


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ India_races_to_build_own_Hey_Hi_
                        (AI)_models_as_DeepSeek_leaps_ahead⠀⇛


                             It is seeking to build computing capacity of
                             just over 18,000 graphics processing units.


                      # ⚓ Reuters ☛ Microsoft_shares_slide_as_cloud_forecast,
                        Hey_Hi_(AI)_spending_disappoint⠀⇛


                             Microsoft on Wednesday forecast disappointing
                             growth in its cloud computing business,
                             sending its shares down 4.5% in after-hours
                             trading as investors worry about big
                             spending, elusive artificial intelligence
                             revenue and competition from cheaper AI
                             models from China.


                # § Social Control Media⠀➾


                      # ⚓ India Times ☛ Flagging_people_using_social_media_to
                        report_problems,_Gadkari_asks_officials_to_address
                        highway_quality_issues⠀⇛


                             Speaking at an workshop on adoption of
                             Automated and Intelligent Machine-Aided
                             Construction (AIMC) technology in highway
                             construction, Gadkari said, “When you do good
                             work, I get credit. But when there is a
                             pothole on a highway, people criticise me...
                             People criticised us on social media
                             platforms when there were potholes on Delhi-
                             Mumbai Expressway. Ab kisiki chori chhip
                             nehin sakti (Now none can hide his/ her
                             mistake). We all must understand that all
                             those who are responsible will be fully
                             exposed, if we don’t address issues quickly.”


                      # ⚓ Chris McLeod ☛ Follower_Count⠀⇛


                             I think I’ve come to the conclusion that on
                             these no/less algorithm-driven platforms I
                             prefer following more accounts, though I
                             could probably trim the Bluesky number down a
                             bit. The higher follower count just makes for
                             a much more varied and lively feed, which
                             feels more enjoyable. After a bit of
                             adjustment, don’t feel the need anymore to
                             read every update I might have missed. I just
                             dip in and absorb what’s there in the moment,
                             then dip out. Custom feeds such as “Quiet
                             Posters” help too. On Mastodon I see most
                             updates from those I follow, as the numbers
                             are relatively low, but it’s easy for the
                             feed to be dominated by 1 particular account
                             or topic at a time, and this doesn’t feel
                             great - particularly at the moment.


                      # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Your_FOMO_Is_Trying_to_Tell_You
                        Something⠀⇛


                             The world has changed since 2004, though.
                             Social media began feeding the feeling of
                             always being left out of something.
                             Optimization-and-productivity culture
                             encouraged the idea that one can engineer
                             their schedule to accommodate the ideal
                             number of enlightening, spiritually
                             fulfilling plans. Then, naturally, a backlash
                             arrived. It might be best summed up by a
                             newer term: JOMO, or the “joy of missing
                             out.” The idea is that you should savor your
                             solitude, fully embrace the choice to do what
                             you want to do rather than what others are
                             doing.


                      # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ Is_This_How_Reddit_Ends?⠀⇛


                             The [Internet] is growing more hostile to
                             humans. Google results are stuffed with
                             search-optimized spam, unhelpful
                             advertisements, and AI slop. Amazon has
                             become littered with undifferentiated junk.
                             The state of social media,
                             meanwhile—fractured, disorienting, and prone
                             to boosting all manner of misinformation—can
                             be succinctly described as a cesspool.


                      # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Zuckerberg_wants_to_Make_Facebook_Great
                        Again⠀⇛


                             Recapturing the OG Facebook vibe could mean
                             several things. Many people like myself will
                             think back to the era before it was overtaken
                             by our boomer and Gen X relatives — online
                             spaces are less fun with your family
                             spectating. But let’s not forget that the
                             original Facebook, known as Facemash, was a
                             site Zuckerberg created to nonconsensually
                             rank his female classmates at Harvard by
                             attractiveness. I sure hope this isn’t the
                             “masculine energy” he thinks we need more of,
                             given he reportedly blamed former chief
                             operating officer Sheryl Sandberg for making
                             inclusivity changes at the company.


          o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾


                # § Openwashing⠀➾


                      # ⚓ HPC Wire ☛ AI_Needs_Its_Linux:_Oumi_Comes_Out_of
                        Stealth_with_an_Open_Source_Vision [Ed: Misusing the
                        word "Linux" for hype]⠀⇛


                             A new company called Oumi has just been
                             launched, emerging from stealth today with
                             $10 million in seed funding. The company’s
                             founders describe Oumi as the world’s first
                             unconditionally open source AI platform,
                             positioning it as a collaborative and
                             transparent alternative to today’s
                             proprietary AI ecosystems, similar to how
                             Linux revolutionized operating systems.


          o § Security⠀➾


                # § Integrity/Availability/Authenticity⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Fake_Reddit_and_WeTransfer_Sites_are
                        Pushing_Malware⠀⇛


                             There are thousands of fake Reddit and
                             WeTransfer webpages that are pushing malware.
                             They exploit people who are using search
                             engines to search sites like Reddit.


                                  Unsuspecting victims clicking on
                                  the link are taken to a fake
                                  WeTransfer site that mimicks the
                                  interface of the popular file-
                                  sharing service.


                # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾


                      # ⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ New_report:_Voter_data_privacy
                        concerns_over_apps_used_by_political_parties⠀⇛


                             Open Rights Group’s investigation raises
                             concerns about privacy and security of
                             political parties’ canvassing apps.


                             Our report illustrates how provisions in the
                             Data Use and Access Bill could be exploited
                             by an incumbent government for political
                             advantage in elections.


                             Questions also raised about whether the
                             public’s data is being unlawfully shared with
                             commerical organisations.


                      # ⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ Moral_Hazard:_Voter_Data_Privacy
                        and_Politics_in_Election_Canvassing_Apps⠀⇛


                             In this report we analyse the technical
                             architecture, and associated privacy
                             policies, of the canvassing apps used by the
                             Liberal Democrat, Conservative, and Labour
                             parties during the 2024 general election.


                      # ⚓ OpenRightsGroup ☛ Moral_Hazard:_Voter_Data_Privacy
                        and_Politics_in_Election_Canvassing_Apps [PDF]⠀⇛


                             Our analysis of apps shows that concerns
                             around privacy and security are already very
                             significant. Our Static Application Security
                             Testing analysis of the Liberal Democrat’s
                             MiniVan App found that it was deployed with
                             infrastructure with a history of security
                             vulnerabilities. An analysis of Labour’s web-
                             based Reach, Doorstep and Contact Creator
                             apps found these apps were integrated with
                             infrastructure owned by Experian. The
                             Conservatives’Share2Win app also presented
                             security vulnerabilities and access to data
                             that would raise privacy concerns, such as
                             location tracking. All parties – including
                             the Conservatives through their Share2Win and
                             VoteSource App – appear to be reliant on
                             international commercial entities to run
                             their digital campaigning infrastructure.


                      # ⚓ The Local SE ☛ Swedish_government_speeds_up
                        introduction_of_law_to_monitor_children's
                        communications⠀⇛


                             Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson announced at a
                             press conference on Thursday that the
                             government is speeding up the introduction of
                             a law which would allow police to secretly
                             monitor communications of children under the
                             age of 15.


                      # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Amazon_sued_for_snarfing_sensitive
                        data_via_advertising_SDK⠀⇛


                             The legal filing takes issue with the Amazon
                             Ads SDK, a software library that the e-
                             commerce giant provides to third-party app
                             makers to serve ads, while also allegedly
                             collecting user data.


                      # ⚓ Pete Brown ☛ Data_privacy_laws_should_work_for
                        people,_not_for_businesses.⠀⇛


                             What we absolutely, positively, 100% do not
                             need are data privacy laws written and
                             supported by industry groups “that will be
                             easier for businesses to adhere to.” This
                             road leads to federal privacy legislation
                             that will be onerous for small businesses and
                             individual creators that do not have the
                             resources to have teams of privacy experts
                             on-hand. It will also mean privacy laws that
                             are designed to protect the industries and
                             companies whose lobbyists wrote them, not the
                             people whose data they are extracting and
                             exploiting.


                      # ⚓ JURIST ☛ Consumers_sue_Amazon_over_alleged_tracking
                        of_sensitive_data⠀⇛


                             A class of consumers sued Amazon.com, Inc. on
                             Wednesday, claiming the technology company
                             secretly tracked and sold their sensitive
                             data without their consent.


                # § Confidentiality⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Wired ☛ Exposed_DeepSeek_Database_Revealed_Chat
                        Prompts_and_Internal_Data⠀⇛


                             The Chinese generative artificial
                             intelligence platform DeepSeek has had a
                             meteoric rise this week, stoking rivalries
                             and generating market pressure for United
                             States–based AI companies, which in turn has
                             invited scrutiny of the service. Amid the
                             hype, researchers from the cloud security
                             firm Wiz published findings on Wednesday that
                             show that DeepSeek left one of its critical
                             databases exposed on the [Internet], leaking
                             system logs, user prompt submissions, and
                             even users’ API authentication
                             tokens—totaling more than 1 million
                             records—to anyone who came across the
                             database.


                      # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Sensitive_DeepSeek_database_exposed
                        to_the_public,_cybersecurity_firm_Wiz_reveals⠀⇛


                             New York-based cloud cybersecurity firm Wiz
                             Inc. said Wednesday it discovered a sensitive
                             database belonging to popular Chinese
                             artificial intelligence startup DeepSeek the
                             company did not properly secure and thus
                             exposed it to the public internet. DeepSeek
                             has gained popular media fame in recent weeks
                             after releasing several groundbreaking Hey Hi
                             (AI) models, including DeepSeek-R1.


                      # ⚓ Cyble Inc ☛ DeepSeek_Security_Scrutinized_Amid_Data
                        Leaks,_Jailbreaks⠀⇛


                             Claims that DeepSeek can be easily jailbroken
                             appeared within hours of the AI startup’s
                             rise to the center of the AI world, followed
                             by reports of misinformation and inaccuracies
                             found in the would-be rival to ChatGPT and
                             other large language models (LLMs). Scammers
                             wasted no time piling on, as Cyble detected a
                             surge in fraud and phishing attempts aimed at
                             exploiting DeepSeek’s sudden popularity.


                             The latest DeepSeek security issue involves
                             an exposed database discovered by Wiz
                             Research, which added to concerns about the
                             AI startup’s security and privacy controls.


                      # ⚓ Scoop News Group ☛ Wiz_researchers_find_sensitive
                        DeepSeek_data_exposed_to_internet⠀⇛


                             Experts for the clown security firm pulled
                             sensitive data from the service with simple
                             SQL queries.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ If_You_Think_Anyone_in_the_AI_Industry_Has
                        Any_Idea_What_They're_Doing,_It_Appears_That_DeepSeek
                        Just_Accidentally_Leaked_Its_Users'_Chats⠀⇛


                             "This database contained a significant volume
                             of chat history, backend data and sensitive
                             information," Wiz explained in its
                             vulnerability report, "including log streams,
                             API Secrets, and operational details."


                             Even worse, that wide-open back door at the
                             open-source AI company could easily have led
                             to an attack on DeepSeek's systems "without
                             any authentication or defense mechanism to
                             the outside world," the researchers wrote.


          o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾


                # ⚓ Defence Web ☛ Kagame_talks_tough_on_SA_involvement_in_the
                  DRC_ahead_of_SADC_meeting⠀⇛


                       Rwandan President Paul Kagame has accused the
                       Southern African Development Community Mission in
                       the DRC (SAMIDRC) as being a belligerent force and
                       said South Africa – as a mission contributor – is
                       in no position to take on the role of a peacemaker
                       or mediator.


                # ⚓ CS Monitor ☛ As_Musk_amps_up_his_support_for_the_far_right,
                  Europe_pushes_back⠀⇛


                       Elon Musk is intervening in European politics with
                       a slew of vitriolic posts supporting far-right
                       parties. European leaders have begun to object.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Musk’s_Ex-Twitter_Takeover_Offers
                  Convicted_Felon_a_Blueprint⠀⇛


                       Federal agencies have offered exits to millions of
                       employees and tested the prowess of engineers —
                       just like when Elon Musk bought Twitter. The
                       similarities have been uncanny.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Muhammad_Deif,_Hamas_Military_Commander_in
                  Gaza,_Is_Dead⠀⇛


                       Mr. Deif was assassinated in an Israeli strike on
                       southern Gaza on July 13, Israel said. He was one
                       of the most senior Hamas leaders inside the
                       territory and one of Israel’s most-wanted
                       militants.


                # ⚓ Fighting_in_Myanmar’s_Sagaing_region_prompts_thousands_to
                  flee_to_India_border⠀⇛


                       The military has responded to a rebel offensive
                       with airstrikes and drone bombs, forcing residents
                       to seek shelter.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Appeals_Court_Strikes_Down_Federal_Ban_on
                  Handgun_Sales_to_Teenagers⠀⇛


                       The ruling by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
                       Fifth Circuit applied the Supreme Court’s
                       “historical tradition” test.


                # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Lazarus_Group's_latest_heist_hits
                  hundreds_globally⠀⇛


                       Lazarus Group primarily forked open source projects
                       for this campaign, we're told. If you've come
                       across, or installed, any of the malware-laced
                       packages identified by SecurityScorecard, be aware
                       and take action.


                # ⚓ The Conversation ☛ Australia’s_social_media_ban_shows_how
                  extreme_the_technology_debate_has_become_– there’s_a_better
                  way⠀⇛


                       The recent decision by the Australian government to
                       introduce a ban on social media for under-16s has
                       been received with both praise and condemnation.


                       Those who approve of the proposal tend to consider
                       that children are being exploited by egregious
                       levels of exposure to this technology. Opponents of
                       the ban argue that it is not proportionate to the
                       potential harms of denying young people appropriate
                       access to what have become integral features of
                       everyday existence.


                # ⚓ Omicron Limited ☛ If_we_listen_to_how_Gen_Z_really_feel
                  about_democracy_they_might_stop_telling_us_they_prefer
                  authoritarianism⠀⇛


                       These are trends to be worried about. But Gen Z are
                       not somehow inherently anti-democratic.
                       Understanding why these trends are happening is
                       vital if young people are to participate in
                       democracy.


                # ⚓ VOA News ☛ NATO,_EU_on_high_alert_as_undersea_cable_attacks
                  escalate_in_Baltic⠀⇛


                       As authorities investigate the fourth Baltic Sea
                       cable-cutting incident in recent months, European
                       leaders have expressed concern about the frequency
                       of attacks involving civilian vessels and critical
                       civilian infrastructure.


                # ⚓ C4ISRNET ☛ 11_Baltic_cables_damaged_in_15_months,_pushing
                  NATO_to_boost_security⠀⇛


                       At least 11 Baltic cables have been damaged since
                       October 2023 — the most recent being a fiber optic
                       cable connecting Latvia and the Swedish island of
                       Gotland, reported to have ruptured on Sunday.
                       Although cable operators note that subsea cable
                       damage is commonplace, the frequency and
                       concentration of incidents in the Baltic heightened
                       suspicions that damage might have been deliberate.


                # ⚓ Crooked Timber ☛ On_the_End_of_[NATO]:_a_European
                  perspective_—_Crooked_Timber⠀⇛


                       In fact, within Europe (and the European side of
                       [NATO]) the Europeans have ceded political agency
                       to Turkey which has been active trying to redraw
                       the political map among its (Middle Eastern)
                       neighbors not the least Syria. Turkey is only the
                       seventh largest economy in Europe. After shutting
                       the Turks out of any future EU expansion plans, it
                       shouldn’t surprise that Turkey’s actions in the
                       Levant and toward Russia & The Ukraine need not
                       always fit European priorities.*


                # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Elon_Puts_Kid_Who_Just_Graduated_From_High
                  School_in_Charge_of_Disemboweling_the_US_Government⠀⇛


                       Although both these tykes are ostensibly poised to
                       rip and tear through America's federal agencies,
                       Wired declined to name them "because of their ages"
                       — a somewhat baffling choice given that both appear
                       to be of legal age. (And if they're not, well,
                       that's a much bigger problem.)


                       Populating the OPM with naive-yet-loyal yes men
                       seems to be a key strategy in Trump's plan to
                       drastically cut down the federal workforce. It also
                       follows Musk's disastrous playbook at Twitter — the
                       two young OPM hires are reminiscent of a move the
                       billionaire pulled when he hired his alarmingly
                       junior and inexperienced cousins to facilitate
                       three massive rounds of layoffs as he took over the
                       platform.


                # ⚓ Wired ☛ Elon_Musk_Lackeys_Have_Taken_Over_the_Office_of
                  Personnel_Management⠀⇛


                       According to the same sources, other people at the
                       top of the new OPM food chain include two people
                       with apparent software engineering backgrounds,
                       whom WIRED is not naming because of their ages.
                       One, a senior adviser to the director, is a 21-
                       year-old whose online résumé touts his work for
                       Palantir, the government contractor and analytics
                       firm cofounded by billionaire Peter Thiel, who is
                       its chair. (The former CEO of PayPal and a longtime
                       Musk associate, Thiel is a Trump supporter who
                       helped bankroll the 2022 Senate campaign of his
                       protégé, Vice President JD Vance.) The other, who
                       reports directly to Scales, graduated from high
                       school in 2024, according to a mirrored copy of an
                       online résumé and his high school’s student
                       magazine; he lists jobs as a camp counselor and a
                       bicycle mechanic among his professional
                       experiences, as well as a summer role at Neuralink,
                       Musk’s brain-computer interface company.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Philippines_president_Marcos_plans_to
                  meet_Convicted_Felon_to_discuss_immigration_policy⠀⇛


                       Marcos said he would return a missile system to the
                       US if China ceased its "aggressive behaviour".


                # ⚓ Thousands_of_‘Terrorism_Suspects’_on_‘Shanghai_List’
                  Include_Uyghur_Children,_Elderly⠀⇛


                       The recently leaked document provides new insight
                       into how China characterizes extremist threats.


                # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Insurrectionist’s_commerce_pick
                  signals_hawkish_China_stance⠀⇛


                       The Insurrectionist’s commerce secretary nominee
                       told his US Senate confirmation hearing Wednesday
                       he favors “across-the-board” tariffs targeting
                       countries rather than products, while signaling a
                       hawkish China stance. “We can use tariffs to create
                       reciprocity, fairness and respect,” said Howard
                       Lutnick, a close Convicted Felon ally and
                       billionaire CEO of Wall Street firm Cantor
                       Fitzgerald.


                # ⚓ ACLU ☛ Why_Sanctioning_the_ICC_Would_Be_Terrible_for_Civil
                  Liberties⠀⇛


                       A bill that would have required the president to
                       sanction the International Criminal Court (ICC) has
                       failed in the Senate. It may return, or President
                       The Insurrectionist may unilaterally impose
                       sanctions on the ICC, as he did in his first
                       administration. Either result would raise serious
                       constitutional concerns and deal a grave blow to
                       human rights accountability, including
                       investigations the United States has supported.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Who_Is_Syria’s_New_Interim_President?⠀⇛


                       The rebel chief who led the overthrow of the
                       longtime dictator Bashar al-Assad has been declared
                       the head of government for a transitional period.


                # ⚓ Breach Media ☛ Lives_ruined,_no_‘traitors’_found:_the_cost
                  of_baseless_reporting_on_Chinese_interference⠀⇛


                       How unsubstantiated claims about foreign meddling
                       by Global News and The Globe and Mail left a trail
                       of human damage


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Malaysian_police_arrest_5_after_2_cars
                  ram_into_crowd_outside_KL_nightclub⠀⇛


                       According to a witness, a pickup and a sedan were
                       recklessly driven outside Top Plus Club in KL.


                # § Russia, Belarus, and War in Ukraine⠀➾


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuanian_border_guards_discover_smugglers’
                        tunnel_on_border_with_Belarus⠀⇛


                             Border guards from Lithuania’s State Border
                             Guard Service (VSAT) have discovered a 25-
                             meter-long underground tunnel on the border
                             with Belarus, which may have been used for
                             smuggling.


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania’s_MFA_says_it_couldn’t_assist
                        citizens_in_trouble_in_Belarus⠀⇛


                             As agencies in Lithuania continue offering
                             trips to Belarusian sanatoriums, the Foreign
                             Ministry warns that Lithuanian citizens are
                             still advised against travelling to the
                             neighbouring country and that it has little
                             opportunity to assist them there in case of
                             need.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Moscow_police_arrest_multiple_former_Rusnano
                        executives_tied_to_Anatoly_Chubais_in_reported
                        corruption_case_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_prosecutors_seek_state_takeover_of
                        Moscow’s_Domodedovo_Airport,_citing_‘foreign_control’_—
                        Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ E.U._officials_debate_returning_to_Russian
                        gas_as_part_of_deal_to_end_war_—_Financial_Times_—
                        Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Syria’s_new_authorities_ask_Russia_to_hand
                        over_Assad_—_Reuters_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_figure_skaters_reportedly_among
                        passengers_in_Washington_D.C._plane_crash_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Like_someone’s_building_a_dacha’:_Russian
                        kindergartens’_request_for_donated_construction
                        materials_to_help_the_war_effort_leaves_parents_baffled
                        —_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Anti-Corruption_Foundation_uncovers_evidence
                        that_Russian_state_oil_giant_Rosneft_maintains_a_staff
                        of_paid_escorts_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Married_Russian_Figure-Skating_Stars
                        Are_Among_Victims_of_Plane_Crash_Near_Washington,
                        D.C.⠀⇛


                             A Boston skating club confirmed that
                             Yevgeniya Shishkova, 52, and Vadim Naumov,
                             55, were on the plane that crashed after
                             colliding with a military helicopter.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Pro-Russian_Party_In_Georgia_Cuts_Ties_With
                        European_Body_-_What’s_At_Stake?⠀⇛


                             The Georgian Dream party ceased its work in
                             the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of
                             Europe (PACE), the head of the Georgian
                             delegation said after the Strasbourg-based
                             legislative body overwhelmingly passed a
                             resolution calling on Georgia to set a date
                             for new parliamentary elections.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ Russian_Champion_Skaters_Naumov,_Shishkova
                        Among_Scores_Of_Passengers_Dead_In_D.C._Plane_Crash⠀⇛


                             Former Russian World Champion figure skaters
                             Vadim Naumov and his wife, Evgenia Shishkova,
                             are among scores killed in a mid-air
                             collision between a passenger jet a military
                             helicopter on a training flight over the
                             Potomac River near the Pentagon in
                             Washington, D.C.


                      # ⚓ Latvia ☛ Rīga_says_it's_ready_to_unplug_from_Russian
                        power_grid⠀⇛


                             Rīga is ready to disconnect from the BRELL
                             electricity grid, which connects Latvia to
                             the Russian and Belarusian electricity
                             systems, as confirmed by the Rīga City
                             Council after a meeting of the Civil
                             Protection Commission on January 30.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_state_media_publishes_battlefield
                        photos_from_the_Kursk_region,_showing_destroyed_AFU
                        equipment_and_fallen_Ukrainian_soldiers_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘The_world_doesn’t_want_to_deal_with_us
                        anymore’:_Hundreds_of_thousands_of_Russians_left_their
                        country_after_the_full-scale_invasion_of_Ukraine._Why
                        have_many_started_going_back?_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Romanian_presidential_candidate_Calin
                        Georgescu_says_Ukraine_is_a_‘fictional_state,’_talks
                        post-war_partition_—_Meduza⠀⇛


                      # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Kyiv’s_Mayor_Feuds_With_President
                        Volodymyr_Zelensky_of_Ukraine⠀⇛


                             The mayor, Vitali Klitschko, who has had a
                             tense relationship with President Volodymyr
                             Zelensky, accused him of trying to usurp the
                             powers of elected officials in the capital.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ China_Supplying_Key_Chemicals_For_Russian
                        Missiles,_RFE/RL_Investigation_Finds⠀⇛


                             An investigation by RFE/RL’s Schemes has
                             found that companies at least partially owned
                             by the Chinese state are feeding critical
                             minerals to Russian suppliers to
                             manufacturers of weapons the Kremlin has used
                             to pummel Ukraine since its all-out invasion
                             nearly three years ago.


                      # ⚓ RFERL ☛ At_Least_6_Killed_In_Russian_Drone_Strike_On
                        Ukraine's_Sumy⠀⇛


                             A Russian drone attack that Ukrainian
                             President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called "a
                             horrible tragedy" struck a residential
                             building in the Ukrainian regional capital
                             Sumy, officials said, killing at least six
                             and injuring nine others, including a child.


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania_would_consider_sending_peacekeepers
                        to_Ukraine_–_defence_chief⠀⇛


                             Chief of Defence Raimundas Vaikšnoras
                             believes that Lithuania should consider
                             sending troops to Ukraine as part of a
                             peacekeeping mission.


                      # ⚓ LRT ☛ Lithuania_sends_short-range_air_defence_systems
                        to_Ukraine⠀⇛


                             Lithuania has sent short-range man-portable
                             air defence systems with missiles to Ukraine,
                             the Defence Ministry said on Thursday.


                      # ⚓ France24 ☛ ‘This_centre_saved_my_life’:_US_aid_cut
                        hits_charities_for_Ukraine_war_veterans⠀⇛


                             After President The Insurrectionist ordered a
                             90-day freeze on non-military foreign aid, US
                             projects worldwide are in jeopardy. One of
                             the worst-hit countries is Ukraine, where
                             stop-work orders were issued to initiatives
                             all over the country, including those
                             assisting war veterans – despite growing
                             need. FRANCE 24’s Gulliver Cragg reports.


                      # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Trump’s_out-of-the-box_approach_is
                        perfect_to_help_demilitarize_Kaliningrad⠀⇛


                             Trump’s efforts to end the war in Ukraine
                             should also consider European security in the
                             war’s aftermath—and this should include
                             removing the threat that Russia’s control
                             over Kaliningrad poses to the continent.


                      # ⚓ Atlantic Council ☛ Ukrainian_Holocaust_survivor:
                        Russia_is_waging_‘war_of_extermination’⠀⇛


                             Ukrainian Holocaust survivor Roman Schwarzman
                             has implored Germany to increase support for
                             Ukraine in the fight against Russia’s “war of
                             extermination,” writes Peter Dickinson.


                      # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Ramzan_Kadyrov’s_cousin_owns_a_luxury_villa
                        in_Dubai_that_serves_as_an_‘unofficial_Chechen_embassy’
                        —_iStories_—_Meduza⠀⇛


          o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Meta_warns_that_it_will_fire_leakers_in_leaked
                  memo⠀⇛


                       Moments after Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s all-hands
                       comments to employees were widely leaked, a company
                       executive warned in an internal memo that leakers
                       will be fired.


                # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Whistleblower_‘forced_to_disguise
                  himself’_because_of_Tulsi_Gabbard⠀⇛


                       A Syrian defector was told to hide his face while
                       testifying to US Congress about the horrors of the
                       Assad regime amid fears Tulsi Gabbard would leak
                       his identity, according to former state department
                       officials.


                       Ms Gabbard, an Iraq war veteran accused of echoing
                       Russian and Syrian propaganda, is facing a battle
                       to secure her nomination to the post of Director of
                       National Intelligence (DNI).


                # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Ten_years_of_tracking_transparency:_the
                  Transparency_Reporting_Index⠀⇛


                       We’re refreshing our Transparency Reporting Index
                       to reflect current practices and trends, including
                       adding reports on content governance.


                # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Transparency_Reporting_Index⠀⇛


                       We’re refreshing our Transparency Reporting Index
                       to reflect current practices and trends, including
                       adding reports on content governance.


          o § Environment⠀➾


                # ⚓ The Hindu ☛ Extreme_climate_events_impacting_southwest
                  coast,_says_study⠀⇛


                       “The study showed that the southwest coast has seen
                       a steady rise in extreme rainfall events,
                       increasing at a rate of 0.23 mm per season. This
                       trend is strongly tied to the thermodynamic
                       component of moisture flux, which itself correlates
                       with warming SSTs in the southeast Arabian Sea,”
                       according to Ajil Kottayil, scientist at the
                       Advanced Centre for Atmospheric Radar Research,
                       Cusat, who had guided the study authored by Tesna
                       Maria, a doctoral scholar at the centre. The
                       research was a collaborative effort with Dr. Viju
                       John of EUMETSAT and Prince Xavier of the UK Met
                       Office, he said.


                # ⚓ RIPE ☛ Why_Small_and_Medium-Size_Operators_Should_Care
                  About_Sustainability⠀⇛


                       A new resource dedicated to small and medium-sized
                       digital infrastructure providers in Europe
                       highlights the benefits of incorporating
                       sustainability into their operations, offers a
                       consolidated list of best practices and
                       recommendations, and shares additional resources to
                       help them make practical changes to save time,
                       energy, and money.


                # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Thousands_evacuated_as_heavy_rain_hits
                  Malaysian_states⠀⇛


                       The Malaysian Meteorological Department warned that
                       the rains will continue until Jan 31.


                # § Energy/Transportation⠀➾


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ ‘Open_the_door,_open_the_door!’:
                        How_dozens_fled_an_inferno_on_a_plane_in_South_Korea’s
                        Busan_airport⠀⇛


                             Concerns were raised about whether Air
                             Busan’s crew had followed standard safety
                             procedures.


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Joint_probe_to_begin_into_Air
                        Busan_fire_at_South_Korean_airport_amid_speculation
                        over_cause⠀⇛


                             A portable power bank in the plane's overhead
                             bin is suspected to be at fault.


                      # ⚓ The Straits Times ☛ Malaysia_petrol_dealers_seek
                        fines_for_foreign_vehicles_that_pump_subsidised_RON95
                        petrol⠀⇛


                             The issue has to be handled through systemic
                             reforms and enforcement, said an official.


                      # ⚓ Futurism ☛ America's_Deadliest_Airliner_Crash_in_23
                        Years_Happens_a_Week_After_Trump_Guts_Airline_Safety
                        Groups⠀⇛


                             Just over a week after firing the heads of
                             the Transportation Security Administration
                             and Coast Guard, eliminating all members of a
                             key aviation security advisory group, and
                             freezing all hiring at the Federal Aviation
                             Administration including key air traffic
                             controllers, the United States has
                             experienced its deadliest aviation disaster
                             in nearly 24 years.


                      # ⚓ NOAA ☛ New_data_for_improved_navigation_in_the_upper
                        Hudson_River⠀⇛


                             The Turkey Point station is equipped with
                             pressure-based and microwave water level
                             sensors, satellite transmitters, as well as
                             rechargeable batteries and solar panels. The
                             redundancy of the built-in sensors and power
                             sources is designed to ensure the station
                             operates in all weather conditions, and that
                             NOAA’s critical real-time data continues to
                             flow when it is most urgently needed by the
                             maritime community. The station is also
                             equipped with an anemometer that measures
                             wind speed, pressure, and direction; sensors
                             for air and water temperature, relative
                             humidity, and conductivity; as well as a
                             barometric pressure sensor to measure
                             meteorological conditions.


                      # ⚓ The Conversation ☛ Swimming_in_the_sweet_spot:_how
                        marine_animals_save_energy_on_long_journeys⠀⇛


                             Using Fitbit-style accelerometer data, depth-
                             loggers and video footage from animal-borne
                             cameras, we collected detailed swim-depth
                             measurements in free-living little penguins
                             and loggerhead turtles. We compared these
                             with satellite-tracking depth data for green
                             turtles on long-distance migrations, and
                             published data from whales, other species of
                             penguins and migrating sea turtles from other
                             populations.


                      # ⚓ Renewable Energy World ☛ Backing_Texas_grid
                        resilience,_investment_firm_acquires_nearly_1_GWh
                        battery_energy_storage_portfolio⠀⇛


                             The three standalone systems — known as
                             Anole, Desert Willow, and Burksol, located in
                             Seagoville, Midlothian, and Afton, Texas,
                             respectively — are expected to reach
                             commercial operations in the first half of
                             2025.


                # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾


                      # ⚓ CBC ☛ Who's_the_daddy?_Baby_shark_hatched_at_aquarium
                        with_no_males_might_not_have_one⠀⇛


                             When an egg appeared one day in a shark tank
                             at a Louisiana aquarium, staff were puzzled.
                             The tank only has two resident sharks — and
                             they're both female.


                             What's more, neither of them have had contact
                             with any males in over a decade.


          o § Finance⠀➾


                # ⚓ Ubisoft_to_Shut_Down_Leamington_Studio_in_Cost-Cutting
                  Move⠀⇛


                       Ubisoft has announced the closure of its Leamington
                       studio as part of a broader restructuring effort
                       that will result in 185 job cuts across multiple
                       locations. The company is also downsizing
                       operations in Düsseldorf, Stockholm, and Newcastle-
                       based Ubisoft Reflections, citing cost-cutting
                       measures to streamline projects and ensure long-
                       term stability.


                # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Apple_reports_record_quarterly_revenue
                  despite_iPhone_sales_miss⠀⇛


                       Apple Inc. has just delivered its “best quarter
                       ever,” with record-breaking revenue helping to
                       boost its stock even as iPhone sales missed
                       expectations.


                # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Apple’s_Revenue_Increases_4_Percent
                  Despite_Slowing_iPhone_Sales⠀⇛


                       The tech giant’s sales of apps and services helped
                       profit grow 7 percent from a year ago, even as the
                       company contended with slumping sales in China.


          o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾


                # ⚓ France24 ☛ Dictator_floods_the_zone,_leaving_opposition
                  drowning⠀⇛


                       The Insurrectionist's opponents have spent the days
                       since his inauguration playing political whack-a-
                       mole over a torrent of orders specifically
                       calibrated to overwhelm and bewilder, say analysts,
                       as the new president gets to work on his radical
                       policy agenda. A chaotic first week saw him sign
                       scores of divisive executive orders.


                # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ Coordinated_misinformation_in
                        mainstream_media⠀⇛


                             I have posted about this plenty of times in
                             the "ethos" tag of my blog. I was reminded a
                             few days ago of what major organizations get
                             up to, this video posted by "The Electric
                             Viking":


                             https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yockrXllJRE


                             He is quite brave, an individual guy making
                             these statements. It doesn't matter if he is
                             telling the truth; the truth doesn't have
                             much to do with it if challenged by a huge
                             organization with enormous legal team and
                             deep pockets.


          o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾


                # ⚓ Some_content_on_RFA_Vietnamese’s_Facebook_(Farcebook)_page
                  suddenly_disappears⠀⇛


                       The site now only shows posts from 2023 and
                       earlier.


                # ⚓ It's FOSS ☛ Everything_is_Spam_on_Facebook_Unless_It_is
                  Paid_Post_(or_Actual_Spam)⠀⇛


                       Have you tried sharing any interesting articles
                       from It's FOSS on Facebook in the past few months?


                       If yes, you may have seen a message that your post
                       was removed.


                       It doesn't matter if it was shared by It's FOSS
                       Facebook page or a reader like you on their wall.
                       You share a URL from itsfoss.com or
                       news.itsfoss.com, it gets removed as 'spam'.


          o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾


                # ⚓ Exiled_citizen_journalist_Teacher_Li_still_a_target_for
                  Beijing⠀⇛


                       ‘Mr Li is not your teacher’ to keep posting
                       censored news despite China’s targeting of him, his
                       family and follower


                # ⚓ Press Gazette ☛ Major_job_cuts_at_Mail_titles_in_final
                  stage_of_digital-first_transition⠀⇛


                       Mail says job losses "always regrettable" but it
                       needs to position for "an even brighter future".


          o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾


                # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Access_Now_demands_U.S._lift_sanctions_blocking
                  Syria’s_digital_recovery⠀⇛


                       Access Now joins the American Coalition for Syria,
                       and over 160 civil society organizations in urging
                       the U.S. government to expand sanctions relief in
                       Syria.


                # ⚓ TwinCities Pioneer Press ☛ St._Paul_man_charged_with
                  sexually_assaulting_71-year-old_woman_he_befriended_on
                  Facebook⠀⇛


                       He was on probation from a 2019 sexual assault in
                       St. Paul.


          o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾


                # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ 2025_elections_and_internet_shutdowns_watch⠀⇛


                       Governments around the world continue to shut down
                       the internet during elections. Join our 2025
                       elections watch to #KeepItOn.


                # ⚓ Public Knowledge ☛ FCC_Chairman_Carr_Moves_To_Weaponize
                  Agency_Against_Public_Media [Ed: This agency has a Microsoft
                  mole in it]⠀⇛


                       Federal Communications Commission Chairman Brendan
                       Carr announced today that he is launching an
                       investigation into whether NPR and PBS member
                       stations have violated FCC rules through their
                       underwriting practices, saying this could inform
                       Congressional funding decisions.


          o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾


                # ⚓ Digital Music News ☛ Did_Amazon_Music_Just_Pull_a_Spotify?
                  Price_Increases_Hit_Audiobook-Equipped_Unlimited_Plans_—_But
                  Not_‘Amazon_Music_Standard’⠀⇛


                       Another round of streaming price increases has
                       arrived in the U.S. – this time from Amazon Music
                       Unlimited. Like with Spotify’s bundling
                       extravaganza, the move could have major royalty
                       implications for songwriters and publishers. The
                       Amazon-owned streaming platform emailed customers
                       about the pricing pivot and, wasting no time,
                       updated its subscription options accordingly.


      § Monopolies/Monopsonies⠀➾


          o § Patents⠀➾


                # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Follow-up_on_Peterson_v.
                  Minerva:_LIFT_OUR_VOICES_Amicus_Brief⠀⇛


                       In early January 2025, I wrote about Peterson v.
                       Minerva Surgical, No. 24-712, a case involving a
                       former Minerva sales director (Dan Peterson)
                       seeking Supreme Court review of an arbitration
                       award that went against his whistleblower claims.
                       See Dennis Crouch, Patents as Product Liability
                       Admissions: A Cert Petition Highlights Novel Use of
                       Patent Filings in Whistleblower Case, Patently-O
                       (Jan. 4, 2025).  As I explained in that post,
                       Peterson's argument for review relies on Minerva's
                       own patent monopoly filings as evidence that the
                       company knew about safety issues with its
                       endometrial ablation device —and that it
                       fraudulently provided contradictory testimony
                       during the arbitration proceedings.


                # ⚓ Dennis Crouch/Patently-O ☛ Federal_Circuit_Outcomes_from
                  the_Past_Four_Years⠀⇛


                       The pie chart shown here depicts the distribution
                       of Federal Circuit case outputs from 2000 to 2024
                       across three categories. The plurality of cases,
                       44%, resulted in a Non-Precedential Opinion,
                       indicating a substantial volume of decisions with
                       limited precedential impact. Following this, 38% of
                       outcomes are categorized as “No Opinion (R.36).” 
                       These are cases where the court issued a summary
                       affirmance of a lower tribunal holding without any
                       written explanation.  I want to note for a moment
                       here that other federal appellate courts also have
                       an approach known as “summary affirmance, but those
                       courts always provide at least a brief explanation
                       of the ruling and its justification. The Federal
                       Circuit provides no opinion, just the judgment.


                # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $2,000_awarded_for_AutoConnect_vehicle
                  patent_monopoly_prior_art⠀⇛


                       Unified is pleased to announce PATROLL
                       crowdsourcing contest winner, Tanya Chauhan, who
                       was awarded $2,000 for her prior art submission on
                       U.S._Patent_8,793,034, owned by AutoConnect
                       Holdings LLC, an NPE. The ‘034 patent monopoly
                       focuses on methods for automatically determining
                       the presence of a person within the vehicle,
                       identifying them, and storing personal settings.


                # ⚓ Unified Patents ☛ $2,000_awarded_for_Avant_Technologies
                  wireless_patent_monopoly_prior_art⠀⇛


                       Unified is pleased to announce PATROLL
                       crowdsourcing contest winners, Priti Dubey and Ekta
                       Aswal, who split a cash prize of $2,000 for their
                       prior art submissions on U.S._Patent_10,009,720,
                       owned and asserted by Avant Location Technologies
                       LLC, an NPE and entity of Anjay_Venture_Partners
                       LLC. The ‘720 patent monopoly focuses on areas
                       where mobile operators face competition from short-
                       range wireless communication technologies like
                       Bluetooth, DECT, and WIFI. The patent monopoly has
                       been asserted against Apple, Fibar_Group, Nice
                       Group, and Samsung.


                # § Kangaroo Courts⠀➾


                      # ⚓ Kluwer Patent Blog ☛ Will_the_UPC_get_its_“long_arm”
                        slapped_by_the_WTO? [Ed: UPC is totally illegal; they
                        need to go further and arrest the people who brought
                        about this corruption, including EPO management, but
                        now the corruption has spread to the EU, so this is
                        considered acceptable]⠀⇛


                             Last Tuesday, the big news in the patent
                             monopoly world was of course that the UPC’s
                             Court of First Instance (CFI), Düsseldorf
                             Division, in case 355/2023, found that if the
                             defendant is domiciled in a Contracting
                             Member State (in the case at hand, Germany),
                             the UPC has jurisdiction to hear the
                             infringement action [...]




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