𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, April 26, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 27 Apr 02:40:27 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmRncCwYP1fnJwvtmWDFvSSSPPzJXwSJc1hFgvaPJdxSyr QmaCn9TPxV4CNhgPtg3QPu6b68yLSLufr54X2JPro2ZpNX QmRECAKDtPGBk59mTWG5tjDDQMbPncttn2YvJhZgkBoihH QmQoGLXGKhEnGzM1kJmmAvMqf3qNTAKBULypQpGWYf5Uxk QmZ1tmGugDNECc6HWK6RAXyor4DYe8kwbyrb8zp1iXVv6Q QmbTzTqQXooSZzCFQCVHrCZsbnA5SXB2JuVPyQgZfNkYW2 Qmas3NxQ3mG3EhFrXQz9DGgH2g9SGY3iD1qUNUiY4LWzQQ QmR2aXCjFqinb5CLi2pSDWhp73xYd1eDTKczhT8jkehzYf QmW31SLGEz9drV7JSSER5kLtYFUA5cLhknY97hdnEjZioV QmeQXjcSNHGJsBoGy8uRLzXK3V9ajbWm4LoDbJMLu7W8ra QmbxfxQ8MP4wrNDfaJBaeWJ17wb6BBqDdLHDukQHp6mutQ QmSYuqJ9P8hSgdb5oVAzvtokT9bBSBWf33LBVJ2vDRkSNy QmRTzFTNKEua6GFu6EGuCeFpTxGtxKYvWkRpj6TC3HrkTp QmVQoeVwK2yhvvMWpLk1tJMvfibbhaMY4nFtuHBimEHW5T QmXNafXd5axgJbMSTJDBhpdahEES6VKHAfwY34G9rygpDN QmPQ7oG2Nj8FKAyQ85RrJktFVMurxCh3Pe3zvDx8rKMAUz QmRgCEHd5HvVtPhazUG8oVowda1vKyqEHfDS2witn4LgH5 QmNs8Lnd17CYyanMLrKZsJMxLpza6WZrFkBe5tLkqLDkZ5 QmTfYRsV88Nc6VUbdnHpsCrRY3CxAQgSjidMgNNrwavfRx QmTioizfonQmkmQZVpk7dZZ67X2Xig8ph9BLmioTxksWXg QmSQttceGFrFU7TmHNANAptaGSCcvan1Eq3QWESem6xe39 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ The Public Relations ’Industry’ Has Co-opted the Media to Attack Software Freedom | Techrights ⦿ The Phone Song | Techrights ⦿ The European Patent Office Isn’t About Patents Anymore and It’s Run by Clueless People | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] 100% of the Time Working for the 1% | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] IBM Stinks | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, April 25, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Alexandre Oliva: Against Software Tyranny | Techrights ⦿ ZDNet Evidently Knows the Word ’Master’ Isn’t Racist (When Not Paid by IBM and Microsoft to Pretend That It is) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/attacking-software-freedom/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/control-by-phone/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/epo-posing-as-art-gallery/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-all-the-time/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-stonks/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/irc-log-250421/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/lxoliva-software-tyranny/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/master-zdnet/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/fwupd-1-6/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/geary-40-released/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 69 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/attacking-software-freedom/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/attacking-software-freedom/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_Public_Relations_‘Industry’_Has_Co-opted_the_Media_to_Attack_Software Freedom⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, IBM, Microsoft, Red_Hat at 9:58 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/oss-and-ibm.webm Summary: Free/libre software is under attack, but those who attack it hide behind proxies and PR firms (sometimes they even send an expedition of employees to bury/censor links to Techrights); we need to talk about IBM, which has begun doing that along with more familiar villains such as Microsoft THIS morning we (re)published a good article_from_Alex_Oliva, the person who left IBM as soon as Red Hat was taken over by IBM. We commend and applaud him for that. He also had some stories to tell after he had left. IBM doesn’t care about freedom and sometimes IBM actively fights against it, just like Microsoft did for its entire existence, unlike Red Hat. Red Hat at this moment of time is just a name or a brand; the_same_is_true_for Fedora, which is “its master’s voice” (IBM being the master — a term that was hardly deemed problematic before IBM arrived at the scene). “IBM doesn’t care about freedom and sometimes IBM actively fights against it, just like Microsoft did for its entire existence, unlike Red Hat.”It has meanwhile occurred to me that while recording this video I said that Linux- Libre 5.12 hadn’t been released by Alex just yet. As of the time of writing the text (about the video above), it’s_officially_out! Maybe it was even announced while I was recording the video. In any event, the video shows the sort of biased media we’re dealing with and who really owns it, who pays it, and why it defames people whom the sponsors (IBM in this case) are desperate to “cancel” (banish or ostracise from society for no crime at all, unlike IBM’s_crimes!) and while this video focuses on ZDNet we could just as well mention other publishers, including those deemed responsible for ‘ousting’ (temporarily) Linus Torvalds at the end of 2018 (there are IBM connections there as well). Of course I’ve become a lot more cynical about the media, seeing how Benoît Battistelli and António_Campinos were bullying and bribing publishers so as to not report crimes. They also block sites that expose those crimes. Ever wondered why the media never mentions IBM's_still-disturbing_role_in_Nazi Germany (anymore)? Follow the money… Freedom is always under attack. There’s “no money” in freedom and there’s a lot of money to be made by taking away freedom, replacing it with control. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 140 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/control-by-phone/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/control-by-phone/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_Phone_Song⠀✐ Posted in Humour at 8:33 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Phones spy on me, I have new notifications, CAN'T STOP!⦈ Summary: Culture reduced to staring at the small screens of devices that are instruments of control over their carriers IT FOLLOWS me around Notifications inbound What is that sound? New distractions now found The apps no longer run Upgrades can be fun Oh, what have I done? Politics they shun Gyroscope always on My data they’ve won Is that the sign of a drone? Google and Apple just groan The microphone is my “assistant” at home It knows where else I roam It’s integrated into Chrome Intercepted like an ECHELON dome Phones are all fun and games They connect Jennifer and James Meeting across the Thames Without even knowing each others’ names Enjoy your romantic dinner Face down at the screen reader Who exactly is the winner? Patience running thinner Life so so much richer GAFAM is your teacher! █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣞⣿⣷⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⣶⣿⡄⣀⠀⡀⣿⣿⠿⣛⣭⣤⣅⡛⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢩⣭⣍⢻⡏⢹⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢟⣓⣛⠿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⠛⣛⣸⡇⢰⣷⠈⡏⢰⣷⡆⣿⢠⣾⡆⣿⠡⠾⠆⢹⣁⠾⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⢿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⡇⠀⣰⣯⣾⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⢀⣧⡘⠿⣣⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣌⠻⢛⣿⣛⠿⢃⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣼⣇⣴⣧⡝⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⡄⡈⣜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣠⠀⠀⠙⢅⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢰⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣐⠻⢶⣿⢰⣿⡆⣷⡘⣿⢡⣿⣿⡏⢰⣿⡆⣿⢰⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⡇⣼⣷⢸⠇⠾⠷⢘⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠏⠀⣀⡠⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣙⣛⣂⣿⢘⣛⣡⣿⣧⢁⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⣛⣡⣿⣸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣇⣿⣿⣸⣧⣛⣛⣹⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⡿⣷⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡏⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣯⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢀⡏⠁⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⣰⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⢿⡟⢛⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣼⣽⠊⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣜⡡⠤⢹⡇⣭⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠋⢰⣿⣿⠹⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣀⣰⣠⣴⣇⠐⣒⣸⣇⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠠⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠉⠈⠀⢀⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⡄⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠙⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢰⣶⢸⡷⢞⡂⢻⡘⡿⢰⡇⣚⣂⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣴⡄⠀⣠⡄⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣸⣧⣛⣥⣸⣷⣡⣿⣧⣙⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣥⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣰⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⣴⢿⣻⣿⣭⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⢿⣓⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣠⠀⠀⣠⠦⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣯⡙⡿⢫⣝⢻⡹⣿⠙⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣶⠇⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣇⠰⡶⢾⣇⠇⣧⠋⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠖⠈⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡟⣿⣽⡟⢩⣯⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣯⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠙⣱⣿⠿⠿⠟⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣿⠈⡏⣾⣷⢹⡆⣿⢸⡇⣾⡇⡏⣴⣷⣽⢖⣓⢸⡇⣾⡇⡟⢰⣷⠘⡇⣾⡇⢹⣐⡳⢾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠉⠀⢶⠀⢷⠀⠐⠂⠸⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣸⣿⣤⣧⣝⣫⣾⣇⣻⣸⣇⣿⣇⣷⣜⣫⣾⣜⣫⣌⣧⣙⣇⣿⣜⣋⣼⣇⣿⣧⣼⣝⣛⣼⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣷⡄⠰⠀⢔⣶⣆⡠⠚⡁⠀⡇⠈⡀⢰⣷⠀⠿⢇⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣴⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣧⠀⠐⠀⠀⠉⠀⠛⢃⡄⣵⠤⠓⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⢛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡍⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠰⡖⣴⣆⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣋⣭⣉⠻⣿⣿⠏⠙⣿⣿⡏⠙⣿⣿⡏⣿⠉⣯⣭⡉⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣸⣧⠹⣿⡇⣷⡘⢿⡇⣿⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠻⠿⠿⢋⡿⢠⣶⣶⣆⢻⡇⣿⣿⣌⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣳⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣶⡄⣸⣗⣄⣤⣠⣶⣶⣶⣮⣀⡆⢠⣼⡽⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣛⡛⠿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡿⠟⣛⠛⢿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⠿⠿⣶⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⢠⣿⣿⣿⡆⢻⡇⣿⣿⡿⢈⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡼⠀⠀⠀⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣶⡆⣻⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡘⢿⣿⣿⠇⣼⡇⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣹⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣬⣥⣶⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣴⣾⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠻⣿⡿⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⠛⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⢀⡟⠁⠀⠈⠋⢩⣍⢹⡏⢹⠀⠋⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⣄⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 254 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/epo-posing-as-art-gallery/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/epo-posing-as-art-gallery/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_European_Patent_Office_Isn’t_About_Patents_Anymore_and_It’s_Run_by Clueless_People⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 9:31 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-fluff.webm Summary: Today’s EPO management, basically a cabal of friends gathering around EPOnia for huge salaries and bonuses, doesn’t know what it takes to run a patent office; it compensates for it by pretending to be little but a Public Relations office THE EPO is not acting like a patent office anymore. It’s just a cash cow that uses patent grants and renewals to generate cash. Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos are just cash generators that deplete or stomp on patent law for the sole purpose of money passage. Does the German government care? Well, Germany benefits from it financially (by ignoring morality and justice deficits). What about the rest of Europe? Many other states hooked up with the EPO, but the treaty they all agreed on (EPC) is an obsolete piece of paper that’s routinely violated. “As if medicines and vaccines could not be developed until a patent system existed in EPOnia.”Today’s EPO lacks an identity and the video above goes through the_latest_“news”, according to EPO management. (warning: epo.org link) Spoiler: it’s not news and it’s not actual. It’s not factual, either. The Office is posing as art gallery, hangs out with schoolgirls (no connection to patents), and makes false claims about the relationship between patents and the pandemic. In our Daily Links we’ve already included well over 100 different articles about the harms caused by patents in that area, in effect killing many people (needlessly!) just to keep the cost of remedies artificially high. This, to us, is a more pressing/urgent issue than European_software_patents. People literally die because of these patents. The EPO openly celebrates such patents. As if medicines and vaccines could not be developed until a patent system existed in EPOnia. Maybe all this was long in the making; the EPC lacked safeguards, including government oversight (immunity has done great harm). Today’s Office (or “Org”) is run by sociopaths who ‘farm’ chinchillas for their skin and fur; or chronic liars_such_as_Christoph_Ernst. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 319 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-all-the-time/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-all-the-time/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ [Meme]_100%_of_the_Time_Working_for_the_1%⠀✐ Posted in Humour, IBM at 10:26 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇You_Are_An_IBM_Employee_100%_Of_The_Time;_OK_sir,_work liberates_me_anyway⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IBM_Employees_100%_Of_The_Time!_101%_for_70%_the_salary,_99% of_the_time:_If_'work_liberates',_when_one_would_be_optimally_free_(liberated) if_working_100%,_just_like_in_forced_labour_camps_or_Chinese_sweatshops⦈_ Summary: If ‘work liberates’, then one would be optimally free (liberated) if working 100% of one’s time, just like in forced labour camps or Chinese sweatshops ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡭⠭⢭⣭⣯⣭⠭⠭⣭⣭⠭⠭⣿⣭⠭⠭⠭⢽⣿⠯⠭⠭⢭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣒⣒⣛⣛⣒⣲⣿⣿⣒⣒⣒⣒⣟⣒⣒⣒⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠭⢽⣿⣿⣿⠭⠭⣭⣭⠭⠽⣿⣿⠭⠭⣿⠭⠭⢭⡯⠭⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⠁⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣓⣒⣚⣛⣟⣛⣒⣒⣛⣛⣒⣒⣿⣛⣒⣒⣿⣗⣒⣾⣗⣒⣚⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢦⣤⡤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣽⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠛⡟⢻⣿⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣆⢋⣼⠃⣶⡆⢻⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⡟⠰⠆⢻⡇⢰⡎⠰⠦⢹⣿⣿⡏⠸⠄⢿⡇⣴⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣆⣛⣣⣾⣘⣋⣸⣿⣿⣡⣿⣿⣄⣇⣸⣧⣘⣋⣽⣿⣟⣰⣶⣶⣈⣇⣿⣇⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⢸⡇⠰⠶⢈⣿⢀⢻⡿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠰⠶⠶⢾⠉⣋⠙⣉⠙⡏⢋⣉⢻⠀⡟⢋⣍⢻⠹⣿⢋⡟⣩⡙⢿⢋⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⢸⡇⠸⠿⠂⣿⢸⡄⢡⡇⢸⣿⣿⠰⠿⠿⢿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⡇⠸⠟⢸⠀⣇⠻⠟⢸⣇⠉⣼⡄⠶⠖⣾⠰⠶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣋⣴⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡾⡋⢹⣿⠋⣭⡙⡿⢩⣍⢻⢋⡍⣿⠟⣽⣿⣿⣿⢋⣩⣍⠛⡿⠩⢽⣿⣭⡍⢩⣭⡏⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣭⡍⢩⣭⢽⡿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡿⠿⣿⡍⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡇⢸⣿⠸⣿⡇⡇⢺⣿⢸⣌⣃⢋⡎⣤⢹⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⣾⡇⣻⢐⣛⣈⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⡇⣾⡇⣾⡆⡏⢐⣛⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣯⣥⣬⣽⣦⣭⣴⣷⣬⣥⣾⣿⣥⣿⣧⣭⣼⣿⣿⣦⣭⣭⣴⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣿⣧⣽⣬⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣼⣧⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣬⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡏⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⣾⣿⣦⠘⣿⠀⠟⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⢋⣉⡙⣿⢹⡏⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠸⣿⣿⡿⢀⣿⠀⣦⡘⢿⣿⣿⣿⢦⣬⡙⣿⢸⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣦⣽⣿⣿⣦⣭⣴⣿⣼⣧⣼⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡟⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡉⣿⠏⢹⡿⢩⠟⣩⡉⢻⡏⢋⣹⠀⡿⢋⣽⣿⣿⠀⡏⢹⡇⢋⣉⠻⡿⢋⣍⠙⣿⠙⣉⡟⢉⣉⠻⣏⢈⣹⢋⣩⡙⢿⠋⣉⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣧⠸⢰⡄⠇⣾⠀⣿⡿⢨⡇⢸⣿⠀⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⡇⢸⡇⢿⣿⠀⡇⢠⣬⡤⣿⠀⣿⡏⣥⡤⠀⣿⢸⣇⠠⣤⡤⣼⢦⣬⡉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣧⣴⣿⣷⣤⣴⣾⣧⣾⣿⣤⣿⣦⣽⣿⣿⣴⣧⣼⣧⣦⣤⣾⣿⣦⣤⣴⣿⣴⣿⣷⣤⣴⣦⣽⣤⣼⣦⣤⣴⣿⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⣩⠙⣫⡉⢻⠟⣩⣍⢻⣿⣿⣿⢋⣍⠙⣿⠙⣩⡉⢫⠙⣿⡟⢉⢹⡿⠉⣿⠏⡟⢉⣍⠙⣏⢹⣿⠏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⠀⣤⣤⢤⣿⣿⡏⢡⣤⠀⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⣇⠹⢠⣿⡈⠃⣦⠘⢰⡏⢡⣤⠀⣿⡄⠏⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣦⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣦⣼⣴⣿⣧⣾⠿⢂⣾⣿⣧⣼⣿⣤⣿⣷⣤⣴⣦⡼⠟⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣾⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣇⣇⣅⣇⣡⣸⣇⣅⣠⣁⡇⢈⣈⢎⡜⣌⢌⣉⡁⣹⣇⣿⣀⣅⣠⣄⣈⣿⡸⣸⣰⣿⣰⣰⣉⢌⣷⣀⣆⣡⣁⣋⣸⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣫⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠉⣩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⢺⡿⣹⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡇ ⠅⠁⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠛⠋⠁⢀⢙⠹⠌⣿⣿⣿⣋⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣍⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠃ ⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠻⡙⢉⠀⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣠⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠘⠻⠿⢹⡷⢿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢭⠤⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠸⢦⣴⡎⢄⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠁⣸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡄⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢰⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡤⠾⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠓⠀⠀⠀⠈⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠠⠀⢀⣰⠜⠿⢿⣿⣿⡅⢠⣶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⡻⣂⡉⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣭⣭⣭⣿⣛⣃⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣝⣃⠼⣘⣙⣂⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣝⣛⣃⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⣶⣭⣛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣶⣬⣙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠁⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆ ⡄⣿⡿⣫⣽⣷⡶⢶⡶⢶⡶⢶⡶⢶⢶⣶⣶⣯⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡷⢸⡁⠇⡷⢸⣦⢈⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣵⣿⣿⡏⠩⠋⣯⡉⢉⡙⣿⣿⣶⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣥⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣍⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣮⣽⣛⣛⣛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⣿⣿⠉⠛⢻⠛⠋⠛⠛⢛⣿⡿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⣿⢛⠟⡻⠛⢻⣿⠿⠟⢻⠻⠻⠿⢿⡿⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠖⠂⠀⠈⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣤⣦⣴⣧⣤⣿⣬⣤⣿⣬⣬⣤⣤⣿⣬⣤⣥⣴⣤⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⡛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⢻⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⣛⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣛⣫⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠛⠓⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡾⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠂⠓⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢰⠗⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⠊⠻⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢹⡙⠿⠁⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣷⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⡏⠐⠈⠛⠁⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡃⢸⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⠇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠐⡎⡟⠁⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⣤⣶⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠉⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠆⠀⠀⠀⣦⢻⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠚⠋⠉⣡⣿⣿⣿⣆⡤⡄⠈⣿⡞⣿⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁ ⠀⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣐⣛⠿⠿⣶⣭⣉⣉⣉⣉⡀⠉⠈⠀⢻⣿⢨⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡄ ⡃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣌⡛⠋⠏⢀⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⣒⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠲ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣮⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣷⡍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠀⢩⣽⣟⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣭⣟⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢘⡛⠛⠃⢻⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠉⠛⢻⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠰⣶⣤⣶⡜⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣤⣀⣀⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⣇⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣷⣶⣶⢺⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣼⣿⣿⣛⣻⣷⣛⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⢻⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⡤⠀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⣼⣆⢸⡅⠸⠧⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠴⠶⠶⠶⠖⠛⢛⣛⣛⣉⣉⣩⣍⡡⠤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢪⢿⣿⢸⡃⡉⠀⠝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⡷⠶⠶⠖⠛⠛⣛⣛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⠛⠏⢘⠟⢹⣿⡇⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠸⢿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣥⣬⣭⢼⡄⣹⣮⣠⡄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⠀⣒⣛⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢁⠴⣷⣤⠌⠀⢀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠛⠛⢻⡇⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢘⣛⣛⡟⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⢰⣶⣶⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣇⣤⣤⣴⡆⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣗⣿⣼⣭⣷⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢫⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢔⠿⠜⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠏⠸⣟⣛⣧⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⡿⣿⠟⠛⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣋⣉⣉⣉⣨⣭⣭⣥⣌⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣟⣫⣽⣶⣶⣿⢠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 436 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-stonks/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/ibm-stonks/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ [Meme]_IBM_Stinks⠀✐ Posted in IBM at 8:15 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇systemd_vendor_lock-in,_CentOS_exists,_Devuan_exists,_Let's attack_FSF_and_GPL⦈_ Summary: IBM has begun showing too much of its true face or true colours; the community is paying closer attention ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠔⠂⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠠⣆⣰⣿⣷⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⠏⠚⢲⣦⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢱⢀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠛⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠀⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⡻⡟⣿⢛⣿⣻⣿⣿⣻⣿⢻⡟⣿⡟⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⢫⣒⡂⠋⣱⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⢮⡅⢻⡏⠹⢮⡕⢸⡇⣿⠶⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠆⠀⠀⠀⠇⢀⣾⣿⡿⠁⠎⠇⠝⠰⠜⠃⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣿⣣⣜⣣⣜⣾⣣⣘⣣⣛⣒⣘⣘⣛⣃⣛⣛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢾⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⢳⣿⡖⣶⠞⣶⣱⡎⣶⣾⢩⡖⣮⢱⣶⡟⡏⣶⠉⣷⣾⢩⡖⣮⢱⣾⣎⣿⢱⡎⣾⢱⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣀⣤⣾⣿⣇⣴⣱⣾⣽⣾⣼⣆⣩⡇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣸⣿⡇⣿⣃⣿⢿⡇⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⡇⣿⡀⣿⣿⢸⡇⣭⢸⣿⡆⣒⢸⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣭⣷⣭⣭⣭⣮⣵⣭⣽⣶⣭⣵⣮⣭⣵⣷⣭⣵⣯⣽⣾⣭⣵⣯⣭⣽⣿⣮⣵⣽⣮⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠺⠟⠋⠉⠛⠋⠉⠙⠙⠉⠙⠉⠛⡏⡍⠍⠀⡄⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠴⠂⠁⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠹⡷⠂⢀⣶⡿⠘⢶⣠⣾⣹⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠀⠀⠈⣿⠛⠋⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣫⣽⣯⡝⢫⣭⣭⢩⣭⡋⣭⢩⣭⣭⣭⢛⣭⣿⣽⢟⣭⣿⣭⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠀⢹⣿⡀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠿⠿⢸⣿⣴⢸⣿⣧⣿⢰⢸⣿⢰⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⣿⣮⡹⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣗⣾⣿⣷⡀⠀⢀⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣶⡶⢸⣿⢹⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣿⢨⣬⢹⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠖⠠⠃⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡿⠁⠹⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣛⣛⣵⣜⣛⣛⣜⣛⣼⣛⣾⣜⣛⣼⣯⣛⣛⣫⣦⣟⣛⣻⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⠀⠀⠈⠻⠟⠁⢸⣿⡀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣭⣭⢩⣭⢫⣭⢫⣭⢛⣭⣭⣽⢫⣭⣭⣭⢫⣭⣭⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠇⢀⠺⡿⠛⠁⢙⠻⠆⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⢀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣐⠚⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠸⣿⣼⡻⣴⢸⣿⢰⢻⣿⣜⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠒⢿⠷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠠⠉⠡⢹⠀⠀⠫⠅⢹⠰⠁⡁⠋⢸⠸⠺⡀⡓⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠩⢶⣿⢿⣧⢸⣿⢨⣬⢹⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⢡⣭⢻⣷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠈⢤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣛⣛⣚⣛⣜⣛⣘⣛⣬⣛⣛⣻⣼⣜⣛⣼⣾⣛⣛⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣷⡄⠀⣠⡆ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠴⣛⡿⢿⡏⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣄⡤⠤⠔⠒⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠇⢹⡖⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⣿⡏⣿⡏⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⠙⣿⣏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣤⠘⣿⣷⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣸⡟⣿⡆⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣙⡆⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡷⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣷⡀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣾⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣾⣽⣟⣿⣥⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣏⢿⣿⡿⠃⢻⣿⣦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢀⡀⣰⠀⢀⡀⢀⡀⣆⡄⣆⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡏⣿⡏⣿⠏⣿⡟⣭⡿⣯⡍⣿⣿⣿⣏⣽⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣽⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⢸⢸⢸⠀⠈⠁⡧⠇⡏⡇⡏⡇⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⡖⢻⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⢿⣧⣍⢵⡆⣿⡇⡞⣿⣮⣉⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠘⠈⠋⠘⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠁⠃⠁⠃⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣏⡇⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⡇⣷⡏⣿⡇⡇⣿⡇⣿⣶⢙⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣷⣿⣧⣿⣧⣿⣧⣽⣛⣻⣵⣧⣿⣧⣷⣝⣛⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⢰⣵⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⢹⢹⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⣿⣿⡝⣿⢿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣯⢟⣽⢿⣽⢻⣿⢹⡿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠿⠃⠸⣯⣽⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣷⡜⣶⣿⢰⣮⡜⢿⣮⡱⣿⢸⡏⣿⣸⢸⣿⢸⣾⣿⢸⣼⡏⣿⢸⣿⠘⠛⢸⣿⣿⣱⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⢸⣧⣼⣿⣿⢸⣿⣹⣿⣽⡇⡿⣾⡟⣿⡏⢸⣿⣸⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⣿⡾⣿⣸⡿⢸⣿⢻⣇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣶⡶⠶⢶⡶⠷⢶⡾⠿⠿⣾⣷⠾⠿⣶⠶⣶⠾⣷⠶⠿⣷⣶⣿⡶⠶⣶⡾⠶⢿⣾⠷⢶⣶⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⡟⣿⣦⣤⣠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠒⠒⠒⠒⠙⢤⡀⠀⡆⡤⠋⢣⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⣿⡻⠷⢸⣿⢛⣼⣧⣿⣿⠀⣿⣇⣿⢸⣿⢻⣷⢹⣯⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⢻⡆⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡁⢠⣈⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⡀⢀⢀⢰⢠⠀⡀⡁⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡃⣙⢿⣦⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⣟⣿⡇⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⢰⣶⢸⣿⢾⡃⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠩⠍⠸⠸⠀⠀⠃⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢇⣧⡻⠶⢟⡸⠿⣸⣿⡼⢏⡹⠇⠿⣘⠿⣸⠿⠾⢟⣼⣏⡿⠾⠿⡸⠿⣸⣇⠿⠷⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 515 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/irc-log-250421/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/irc-log-250421/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_April_25,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:36 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  Qma8YYYMKUyDafi7FYUUk7YP2sZwxKJ762qL2uUGd5bcMa #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmcWv7DC8sutvzrmdDmvGmMt12F8habqfbtDH2Ng6sVc9a (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmZu7ckMtv3fqSm6a5VfE8hhGzPjLCJe1aosQKyuNCmtfi social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmZPbhbu9JUWkxASWf278fa2v1ix5egW52CiuRHaGWozLa social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZcdMsMDZVWTN5dUFnw4L2SeEGu73xYrXDdDbMzU4PXde #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmNdjkKLXYyh3JF396tcyPYUnTpzSov5mDS7VExHH6xSmD (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZYMiFxgwHwwA37LwgbNKsJmnQqSACNbg3RvYcFVCLiMD #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmZdfJZw4xoWMWCxtuNNVdc6PpawiUsUQnkzAbMdX8bKK3 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmSQttceGFrFU7TmHNANAptaGSCcvan1Eq3QWESem6xe39 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 629 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/lxoliva-software-tyranny/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/lxoliva-software-tyranny/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Alexandre_Oliva:_Against_Software_Tyranny⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux at 7:05 am by Guest Editorial Team This_work is licensed under the Creative_Commons_License_BY-SA_(Attribution ShareAlike)_3.0_Unported. =============================================================================== Imposing substantial constraints on users' running, modifying or sharing software subjugates users and exerts control over their digital lives through unjust, tyrannical powers. Software freedom amounts to not being subjugated nor coerced by software tyrants. The Free Software movement fights for the abolition of software tyranny. We denounce and combat threats to users' autonomy, and software tyrants' attempts to wield power over users. Open Source Software was introduced as a marketing campaign for Free Software. However, by focusing on the practical and economic advantages to be derived from collaborative development, it ended up campaigning to enlighten despots, rather than to overthrow software tyrants. The campaign encourages software tyrants to voluntarily give up, when it suits them, some of their tyrannical powers over software, and thus over users. This marketing campaign misses the point. Though enlightened, former tyrants remain despots. Users don't deserve freedom only when that's advantageous to despotic rulers. https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html =============================================================================== Trade secrets and copyrights were the earliest powers that software tyrants relied on to control users. Denying software users the rights to modify, distribute and copy the software they use to do their computing renders them subjugated, divided and helpless. Granting copyright licenses that allow these uses, and arranging for users to have access to source code enable a software despot to qualify as a software supplier that respects users' freedoms. Copyright licenses are unilateral grants of permissions for behaviors that copyright law reserves to the copyright holder. To qualify as Free Software licenses, they have to allow recipients, individually and collectively, (a) to study the source code, to see what the software does, (b) to adapt it so that it does what users wish, (c) to copy and distribute it, with or without modifications, and (d) to run it for any purpose. To qualify as an Open Source License, the criteria are stated differently, but they are intended to be equivalent, so OSS licenses are also FS licenses, and vice-versa, with no more than a few accidental exceptions. All FS/OSS licenses, from public domain emulation to the strongest copyleft, have the following in common: they enable users to do whatever they wish with and to the software, and to have as full control as they wish over their own copies thereof. FS/OSS licenses cannot vary in this regard: respect for the essential freedoms is a strict requirement. "Freedom is being able to make decisions that affect mainly you; power is being able to make decisions that affect others more than you." https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html They may differ, however, in what they allow recipients to do to each other, that is, in what powers (over others) they transfer to recipients. While FS/OSS lax permissive licenses transfer to recipients powers that enable them to become software tyrants over other users, copyleft (see below) defends users from potential software tyrants, by not transferring any such powers to any recipients. Choosing the copyright license that will govern uses of a program is power, not freedom, because it affects mainly others. It amounts to wielding the power of copyright. Denying users' essential freedoms through this power is software tyranny. For FSers, such a use would be anathema; for OSSers, it's a poor choice that an unenlightened despot might make. =============================================================================== Copyleft is a licensing practice that, besides respecting the essential freedoms, also defends them for all users of a program, by refusing to transfer to intermediaries any power over other users. To that end, permissions are granted in narrow ways, so that the software can only be passed on along with the essential freedoms, and without power to subjugate others. https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html FS proponents most often prefer stronger copyleft licenses, because they (both proponents and licenses) avoid empowering software tyrants. OSS proponents, however, are far more diverse in their preferences, reflecting their deference to despots' divine right, best intentions, and diverse motivations and strategies. Software tyrants, in turn, entice OSS developers and attempt to strongarm FS ones into adopting non-copyleft licensing practices that thereby enable software tyrants to wield absolute power over users. https://lukesmith.xyz/articles/cucklicenses https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html =============================================================================== Despite our differences, FS and OSS proponents can often collaborate in developing software, especially when it is licensed under strong copyleft licenses. Conflicts are to be expected, however, when the software hits situations that place abolitionists of software tyranny and proponents of enlightened despotism at opposite sides. Disputes may involve stances on issues ranging from proprietary blobs (firmware, web scripts) and DRM implementations to surveillance, advertising, SaaSS and network dis-services. https://rosenzweig.io/blog/software-freedom-isnt-about-licenses-its-about- power.html https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html OSSers won't generally support FSers in overthrowing software tyrants and abolishing their absolute power, nor would they join us in promoting those goals. OSSers who feel aligned with these goals are advised to look into why they don't think of themselves as FSers; we welcome them in our struggles for freedom. True OSSers will only share part of the walk with us, and that help is also welcome, in as much as it empowers users without empowering software tyrants. Cooperation between OSSers and FSers is frequent in FS/OSS development projects, and conflicts can be avoided by acknowledging the significant differences in ultimate goals, and agreeing early on to take an unequivocal joint stand for software freedom for users, and against its opposite: software tyranny. =============================================================================== Thanks to Mylene for asking the question that sparked this article. Copyright 2021 Alexandre Oliva Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this entire document worldwide without royalty, provided the copyright notice, the document’s_official_URL, and this permission notice are preserved. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 787 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/04/26/master-zdnet/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/04/26/master-zdnet/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ ZDNet_Evidently_Knows_the_Word_‘Master’_Isn’t_Racist_(When_Not_Paid_by_IBM and_Microsoft_to_Pretend_That_It_is)⠀✐ Posted in Deception at 11:30 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Moments ago: (source, albeit spammy) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Train_at_your_own_pace_to_become_a_master_ethical_hacker_for $43⦈_ Summary: An IBM- and Microsoft-funded propaganda_site (run by a marketing firm) tells us that “MASTER” is an offensive word. But when paid for other kinds of lies/spam suddenly the word is OK. Is IBM aware? The company that celebrates its founder who saluted_to_Hitler trying to troll the community and portray us all, collectively, as racist and unruly cats to be herded, carrying the burden of the “original sin” that’s calling a branch in Git “master” (as per defaults) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣋⣉⣏⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣉⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣇⣠⣀⣤⣸⣀⣴⣊⣄⣄⣀⣦⣠⣠⣄⣸⣀⣄⣄⣄⣼⣠⣨⣄⣄⣠⣠⣠⣦⣄⣼⣀⣇⣤⣅⣄⣄⣀⣰⣄⣄⣠⣤⣠⣠⣧⣦⣀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣦⣀⣰⣇⣤⣨⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠟⠿⠿⠛⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠻⠿⠿⠛⠿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠻⠻⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⢸⠲⠶⠶⠶⠶⡾⠶⠶⠾⡶⠦⠼⡴⠶⠾⠶⠖⠲⠶⡖⠶⠷⠾⢶⠶⠾⠶⠷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣾⣶⣦⣶⣶⣼⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿ ⢸⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⡉⢹⣿⡏⠉⢿⣿⠉⠉⣿⣿⢉⣿⣿⠙⢹⣿⡏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 838 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_26/4/2021:_GNU_Linux-Libre_5.12_and_FWUPD_1.6⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 11:22 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_–_Ubuntu_21.04,_Kernel_5.12,_and_More⠀⇛ Here’s a quick recap from this week’s DebugPoint.com weekly roundup (Week Ending April 25, 2021). Have a quick read. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Run_Linux_on_Refurbished_Mini_PCs_–_Processor_–_Part_2⠀⇛ If you need a fast computer but don’t have much to spend, consider picking up an off-lease refurbished system. These PCs are a few years old and have seen some use, but they are often heavily discounted and offer a lot of bang for your buck. This series recommends what to choose when buying a refurbished mini PC to run Linux as a desktop computer. For this article we focus on the CPU. CPU The central processing unit, or CPU as it’s known in the computer world, is a very important part of the computer, being that it’s the main central processor in your computer. For each generation of processor produced, Intel and AMD are guilty of producing a range of CPUs often offering very little difference between them. It’s almost as if these big chip manufacturers want to bamboozle their customers. The vast majority of refurbished Mini PCs on the market use Intel silicon. They often contain a desktop CPU with low power requirements. One of the main reasons why a refurbished mini PC is an enticing prospect rests with the fact that CPUs only get slightly faster with each generation produced. The days when Intel launched a next generation chip that’s 3 times faster than the previous generation has long since sailed. It’s all because the heat generated by putting billions of very small transistors even closer together is impossible to counter even with efficiency improvements. Many Intel CPUs produced 8-10 years ago have comparable single core speeds with their latest generation. Let’s illustrate this with an example. # ⚓ What_Linux_Distro_Students_Should_Use?⠀⇛ Of course, it will always depend on your academic needs and the technical specs you’ve got, yet knowing what Linux distro to choose will help you to understand all these important distribution differentiators and choose the relevant architecture support that will work best for your system. The best part about Linux is that you can pick the distro according to your hardware and make some modifications. If you belong to the new Linux users, it is good to check Ubuntu Linux or Elementary OS to learn the basics and see what works best for your needs. Likewise, if you are an advanced user, there is no reason to ignore Manjaro Linux or Slackware. Of course, it will also require relevant hardware to run all the complex operations, yet if you are majoring in Data Science or work with video or audio applications, this might be a good choice! o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Full_Circle_Weekly_News_#207⠀⇛ EndeavourOS 2021.04.17 https://endeavouros.com/news/our-april-release-is- available/ OpenSSH 8.6 Release with Vulnerability fix https://lists.mindrot.org/pipermail/openssh-unix- dev/2021-April/039306.html Nginx 1.20.0 released http://nginx.org/ Node.js 16.0 JavaScript Server Platform Released https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v16.0.0/ Tetris-OS – you guessed it https://github.com/jdah/tetris-os University of Minnesota Suspended from Linux Kernel Development after Submitting Questionable Patches https://lkml.org/lkml/2021/4/21/143 https://cse.umn.edu/cs/statement-cse-linux-kernel- research-april-21-2021 OpenVPN 2.5.2 and 2.4.11 update https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn/releases/tag/ v2.5.2 Microsoft begins testing support for running Linux GUI applications on Windows https://devblogs.microsoft.com/commandline/the- initial-preview-of-gui-app-support-is-now- available-for-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-2/ Ubuntu 21.04 Distribution Release https://releases.ubuntu.com/21.04/ Chrome OS 90 released https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/04/ stable-channel-update-for-chrome-os_21.html OpenBSD adds initial support for RISC- V architecture https://marc.info/?l=openbsd- cvs&m=161914575319702&w=2 First version of InfiniTime, firmware for open PineTime smartwatches https://www.pine64.org/2021/04/22/its-time- infinitime-1-0/ ToaruOS 1.14 https://github.com/klange/toaruos/releases/tag/ v1.14.0 Kuroko 1.1 programming language https://github.com/kuroko-lang/kuroko/releases/tag/ v1.1.0 # ⚓ DEVLOG_2:_Another_Plasma_Panel_Bugfix!⠀⇛ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Kernel_5.12_Released_With_Many_Essential_Additions⠀⇛ Linux Kernel 5.12 brings Sony PlayStation 5 DualSense controller driver and Linux Kernel 5.13 development window kicks off with this stable release. Linux Kernel 5.12 is a well-turned release with many essential additions. [...] Linux Kernel 5.12 introduces the concept of idmapped mounts. This allows to map the user id of a mount to a different one. This makes possible to share files more easily between multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex scenarios. ID mapping also makes possible to share files from the host with unprivileged containers without having to change ownership permanently. This initial implementation comes with ports for FAT and ext4, with other file systems being prepared in next releases. # ⚓ M5Stack_UnitV2_Linux_AI_camera_features_Sigmastar_SSD202D SoC⠀⇛ But with mainline Linux support progressing nicely, it was only a matter of time until others make a product based on the processor, and M5Stack Unitv2 is an “AI” camera combining SSD202D processor with 128MB DDR3, and a GC2145 2MP camera sensor. # ⚓ Linus_Torvalds:_Linux_5.12_is_a_small_release_but_the_next one_is_going_to_be_bigger⠀⇛ Linus Torvalds announced the arrival of the Linux kernel 5.12 on Sunday, which he flagged as a small update – but one that will be followed by bigger changes in version 5.13. “Both the shortlog (appended) and the diffstat are absolutely tiny, and it’s mainly just a random collection of small fixes in various areas,” Torvalds noted. # ⚓ Linus_Torvalds_hints_at_massive_Linux_update_coming_soon⠀⇛ Even as he rolls out the latest 5.12 release of the Linux kernel after a week-long delay, principal developer Linus Torvalds has warned that the next release might be even bigger in terms of new features. The release cycle for the 5.12 release was an eventful one. Despite seeing off major disruptions, including both natural disasters and man-made incidents, Torvalds was forced to delay the release by a week to allow developers some extra time to make sure everything was in order. Linux kernel RCs are pushed out every Sunday by Torvalds, typically seven times per release cycle. Sometimes though, he allows for an extra week of testing, primarily due to the number of changes in the release cycle, as in 5.12. # ⚓ Linux_5.13_Merge_Window_Kicks_Off_With_Microsoft_Surface Improvements,_Gigabyte_WMI_Driver_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Following yesterday’s Linux 5.12 release the merge window for Linux 5.13 is officially open. One of the first pull requests of this new merge window is for the platform-drivers-x86 updates, which primarily encompass Intel/AMD Linux laptop driver support improvements and other related x86 platform drivers. Hans de Goede of Red Hat has submitted the x86 platform drivers work for Linux 5.13. Notably this pull request includes a lot of work on Microsoft Surface laptops. There is now the Microsoft DTX driver for the Surface “Detachment System” for the laptop/tablet handling. Notably is now working keyboard and touchpad support on newer Microsoft Surface laptops. To now getting the working touchpad/keyboard on newer Microsoft Surface devices under Linux has required out-of-tree code but now all should be working well with Linux 5.13+. # ⚓ University_of_Minnesota_security_researchers_apologize_for deliberately_buggy_Linux_patches⠀⇛ Last week, some University of Minnesota (UMN) security researchers kicked a hornet nest, when it was revealed that they’d tried to insert deliberately buggy patches into Linux. Greg Kroah- Hartman, the well-respected Linux kernel maintainer for the Linux stable branch, responded by banning not only them but any UMN-connected developers from contributing to the Linux kernel. Now, the researchers have sort of, kind of, apologized for their mistakes: “We sincerely apologize for any harm our research group did to the Linux kernel community.” [...] They then explained, “The “hypocrite commits” work was carried out in August 2020; it aimed to improve the security of the patching process in Linux. As part of the project, we studied potential issues with the patching process of Linux, including causes of the issues and suggestions for addressing them.” And, in any case, “This work did not introduce vulnerabilities into the Linux code. The three incorrect patches were discussed and stopped during exchanges in a Linux message board, and never committed to the code. We reported the findings and our conclusions (excluding the incorrect patches) of the work to the Linux community before paper submission, collected their feedback, and included them in the paper. ["On the Feasibility of Stealthily Introducing Vulnerabilities in Open- Source Software via Hypocrite Commits"]. # ⚓ Linux_5.13_Adding_KCPUID_For_Helping_To_Bring-Up_New_x86 CPUs_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The “x86/misc” pull request this morning for the newly-opened Linux 5.13 merge window adds the new KCPUID utility contributed by Intel. KCPUID is being added to the Linux kernel source tree by Intel for reporting CPU features as an alternative to the likes of /proc/cpuinfo. KCPUID s a utility to live within the kernel source tree for reliably reporting raw CPU features where as /proc/ cpuinfo can sometimes misreport if features were disabled at boot-time and prior to new feature bits being added for /proc/cpuinfo reporting. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Richard_Hughes:_fwupd_1.6.0⠀⇛ I’ve just released the first release of the 1.6.x series, and since 1.5.x some internal plugin API has been changed and removed. Although we’ve tested this release on all the hardware we have regression tests for, bugs may have crept in; please report failures to the issue tracker as required. There are several new plugins adding support for new hardware and a lot of code has been migrated to the new plugin API. The public libfwupd API also has some trivial additions, although no action is required. # ⚓ FWUPD_1.6_Released_For_Latest_Linux_Firmware_Updating Capabilities⠀⇛ Version 1.6 of FWUPD is now available for firmware updating of motherboard BIOS and other device firmware under Linux. FWUPD along with the Linux Vendor Firmware Service (LVFS) continue to be a triumphant success with growing industry adoption from major hardware vendors for updating a variety of device/system firmware under Linux. FWUPD and LVFS have vastly improved the Linux firmware updating service in recent years compared to long ago when firmware updates often meant booting into Windows, booting a FreeDOS image, or similar extra hurdles to jump through in order to manage such updates. # ⚓ MuSE_4.0_Free_Software_Digital_Audio_Workstation_Brings Redesigned_UI⠀⇛ MuSE is a MIDI and audio sequencer with audio recording and editing support. MuSE supports plug- ins to form a complete digital audio workstation. This GPL-licensed audio software is now up to version 4.0 and with it comes a redesigned user- interface. MuSE 4.0 features a redesigned user-interface along with “a huge amount of quality of life improvements.” MuSE 4.0′s redesigned UI features a tabbed UI, a new dark theme, numerous new toolbars, new keyboard shortcuts, and a lot of other polishing compared to prior versions of MuSE. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Search_in_Wikipedia_via_the_Terminal_in_Linux⠀⇛ One of the best things about Linux is its ability to do everything through the terminal. It may never have occurred to you, but you may also have the ability to search and retrieve information from Wikipedia through the majestic terminal itself. In today’s article we will answer the question of how and what we need to browse and search Wikipedia through the terminal line. # ⚓ An_Open-Source_App_to_Control_All_Your_RGB_Lighting Settings⠀⇛ No matter whether it is your keyboard, mouse, CPU fan, AIO, and other connected peripherals or components, Linux does not have official software support to control the RGB lighting. And, OpenRGB seems to be an all-in-one RGB lighting control utility for Linux. [...] OpenRGB is an impressive utility that not only focuses on Linux but also available for Windows and macOS. It is not just an idea to have all the RGB lighting settings under one roof, but it aims to get rid of all the bloatware apps that you need to install to tweak lighting settings. Even if you are using a Windows-powered machine, you probably know that software tools like Razer Synapse are resource hogs and come with their share of issues. So, OpenRGB is not just limited for Linux users but for every user looking to tweak RGB settings. It supports a long list of devices, but you should not expect support for everything. # ⚓ Change_text_size_in_Putty_Permanently_/_Windows_/_Linux_/ FreeBSD_–_LateWeb.Info⠀⇛ PuTTY is an SSH and telnet client, developed originally by Simon Tatham for the Windows platform. PuTTY is open source software and can be install on Linux distributions and also in BSD platforms like FreeBSD. # ⚓ How_to_Shutdown_or_Reboot_Debian_10⠀⇛ This small tutorial shows two ways of shutting down or rebooting a Debian 10 server or desktop using the terminal. # ⚓ How_to_install_Kitematic_docker_manager_on_CentOS_7/8_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Kitematic is a popular Docker GUI management platform that is available for Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows OS. However other distros such as CentOS, OpenSUSE, Fedora, RHEL, etc can build it from source, however, that is not a feasible option for beginners. Thus, instead of that, I tried to bring one easy way to install the Kitematic rpm package on CentOS 7/8, AlmaLinux, OpenSUSE, and others using Alien package convertor. In my testing, it worked perfectly, thus, here are the steps which I followed to have this docker management platform on my RPM-based Linux system. # ⚓ How_To_Install_phpMyAdmin_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install phpMyAdmin on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, PhpMyAdmin is a PHP web application that lets us manage a MariaDB/MySQL database from an intuitive graphical interface. It provides a user-friendly web interface to access and manage your databases. To ease usage to a wide range of people, phpMyAdmin is being translated into 72 languages and supports both LTR and RTL languages. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the phpMyAdmin on an AlmaLinux 8. # ⚓ Ping_command_basics_for_testing_and_troubleshooting⠀⇛ I’m sure you recognize that ping is a common and relatively simple command. And, like many basic commands, there are some great options and techniques that make the tool even better. This article explores various tricks and tips to level up your ping knowledge. I begin with some basic ping options and then interpret ping results. After that, I explore some advanced use cases. Finally, I cover some ping alternatives and additional approaches. # ⚓ How_to_install_Snap_Store_on_OpenSUSE_Leap_or_Tumbleweed⠀⇛ Snap Store is the graphical user interface to install various packages available on the Snapcraft repository. Although we can use the command-line interface to use Snapd, however, the GUI will make things much easier. Thus, here is the tutorial to install Snap Store on OpenSUSE Leap. Well, the official repository of OpenSUSE comes with all the necessary and popular packages we need, however, yet there are some software or programs that are only available for Ubuntu or Debian, we can install them on this Linux as well using SNAP. # ⚓ How_to_Create_a_Sudo_User_in_Ubuntu_Linux⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will see how to create a new user in Ubuntu 20.04 and how to grant sudo access to the user. As you may aware, any users who want to run commands that require root privileges need to either switch to the root account and submit the command or they should be part of the sudo group. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Neofetch_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Neofetch on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Neofetch is an extremely simple shell script that is used to display your system’s important information on the terminal. Neofetch is mainly developed to be used in screenshots of your system. It currently supports 150+ operating systems including Linux, BSD, Mac OS X, iOS, and Windows. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Neofetch on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Heroic_Games_Launcher_for_Epic_Games_on_Linux_version_1.5.8 is_out_fixing_a_critical_bug⠀⇛ Have plenty of games on the Epic Games Store? The Heroic Games Launcher continues maturing to allow you to download and play them on Linux through a native application. While the Heroic Games Launcher is a native application built for Linux, sadly Epic still don’t support Linux at all with their store so games will be run with compatibility layers like Wine. Version 1.5.8 is out now adding in macOS support along with initial support for downloading from the Unreal Marketplace – making it easier than ever to grab your goodies on Linux. # ⚓ Project_Zomboid_has_recently_seen_a_nice_surge_in_players on_Steam_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Project Zomboid, the long-running Early Access zombie survival game has recently seen a very interesting surge, repeatedly blowing away their previous records for players online. As of yesterday, April 25 it managed a new peak player count of 7,191. For a game that’s been in Early Access since 2013, it’s actually pretty incredible to finally see it getting some player recognition. It’s a great game too, one that has continued to evolve in some pretty huge ways. While the “stable” build is generally quite behind, they also have a “IWBUMS” (I Will Back Up My Save) Beta on Steam you can opt into at any time, which I imagine most players are on. The upcoming build has masses of new content including new gameplay styles, new character creation, new zombie behaviour, improved combat and gunplay, a new blood system, visibly ripped and damaged clothing, new sound effects, improvements to the levelling system, new visuals for many parts of the game, an improved tutorial – and the list goes on forever. # ⚓ Townseek_is_an_adorable_game_about_a_shark_exploring_the world_by_airship_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Now and then a Game Jam entry comes along that’s simply wonderful and the latest discovery is Townseek, a game about flying a shark around the world. “Born undersea, but with an appetite to soar the skies and explore the world! Now that you’ve got yourself a reliable airship, it’s time to make those dreams come true! Travel far and wide, discovering the exotic landmarks that the world has to offer! Meet the locals from towns far away from each other! Engage in the old tradition of exchanging goods for money! Fish like sharkfolk have never fished before!” Completely absurd of course, but the whole idea and the presentation is simply marvellous. Created for the Global Game Jam 2021 and made in Unity, there’s a nice Linux build available to try out on itch.io. It’s free too but you can also donate to the developer. # ⚓ Railroad_dispatching_management_sim_Rail_Route_to_release on_June_23,_try_out_the_new_demo_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ You’ve built cities, factories with never-ending conveyor belts, rail lines connecting up everything and more – but have you been in charge of train dispatch before? Rail Route brings another fresh take. “Rail Route is a management/tycoon/puzzle game based on railroad dispatching. Control the traffic, build out your own network, then optimize and expand. Unlock new technologies, upgrade the infrastructure, and automate operations! Design and share your own maps with the in-game editor.” # ⚓ The_Best_Open-Source_Game_I’ve_Ever_Played⠀⇛ Your girlfriend’s a cutie, ain’t she? Too bad you’ll have to fight for her…in terms of rap battles. In Friday Night Funkin’, you play the role of… Boyfriend. No, literally, that’s his name. A blue-haired kid that can only speak like this: “beep bo bop”. A kid that’s got a knack for singing into the mic, with his other hand jammed into the pocket of his jeans. Someone that’s got blue balls — literally. You’ll see what I mean when he “breaks”. As if it couldn’t be any less original, his girlfriend is called — yup, you guessed it — Girlfriend. Her dad? Daddy Dearest. The mother? Mommy Must Murder. [...] Want to give it a try? You can play the game right through your browser on itch.io. If you want the standalone download, you can get the Windows, Mac, and Linux versions. Beware, however, as of right now the Linux version is running slightly behind the other platforms. If you want the latest version, you can compile the source. Source, you say? Yes, that’s right — the game is not only free but it’s open-source! It’s written in this language called Haxe and is distributed under the Apache-2.0 license. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Announces_Various_App_Upgrades_With_Cutting-Edge Features⠀⇛ Alongside their Plasma Desktop Environment, KDE develops a huge range of other apps collectively named KDE Gear. These range from content creation apps such as Kdenlive and Kwave to utilities such as Dolphin, Discover, and Index. KDE Gear is something new. It includes heaps of improvements to almost all the KDE apps, which we will be exploring here. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME’s_GUADEC_2021_Conference_Will_Take_Place_July 21–25_to_Future-Proof_FOSS⠀⇛ GUADEC 2021 will be GNOME Foundation?s second virtual conference, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and will last five days, from July 21st to July 25th. The best part about online conferences is that anyone can attend, saving money on travel costs, accommodation, etc. GUADEC is the place where GNOME users and developers from all over the world gather together to share knowledge and discuss the new features and changes of the next major release of the GNOME desktop environment, in this case we?re talking about the upcoming GNOME 41 release, and this year is now different. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ 2021_hardcore_list_of_linux_without_elogind_and_other systemd_trash⠀⇛ Basically, after some odd experiences with Nutyx and its full turn into systemd-dome, basic functionality of starting X (or alternative graphoc environments) from console with startx/xinit without a display manager, using a simple window manager instead of a desktop, and using very basic utilities that WE KNOW upstream are still healthy (meaning not entangled with init or login management or bus messaging), such as vte terminals, filemanagers (thunar and pcmanfm) was impossible. Why was it impossible? Because they REQUIRE elogind and dbus to be running in order for them to start. If such development spreads there has to be a differentiation between distros that include such crap like elogind, for obvious and overly discussed reasons, and DO NOT make their use necessary everywhere that there is no need to make it necessary. In other words, there seems to be a new trend from utilizing elogind to accommodate easily the needs for upstream desktop dependencies, but some distros go out of their way to enforce the use of elogind EVERYWHERE THEY CAN! There is a qualitative difference between drinking socially, a cocktail, a beer or two, some wine while dining with friends and comrades, AND being a full blown alcoholic where the first thing you do when opening your eyes, is to reach next to your couch, where you slept with your shoes on, and grab the bottle of 151′ proof rum to rinse your mouth, then swallow the mouthwash. HUGE difference! Nutyx for example, tried the stuff for a little while, and now it has an IV bottle connected to an artery. The next stage is to have runit or runyx starting the shutdown process right after the runit executable itself, being dependent on elogind! # ⚓ 3_beloved_USB_drive_Linux_distros⠀⇛ There are few Linux users who don’t remember the first time they discovered you could boot a computer and run Linux on it without ever actually installing it. Sure, many users are aware that you can boot a computer to an operating system installer, but with Linux it’s different: there doesn’t need to be an install at all! Your computer doesn’t even need to have a hard drive in it. You can run Linux for months or even years off of a USB drive. Naturally, there are a few different “live” Linux distributions to choose from. We asked our writers for their favourites, and their responses represent the full spectrum of what’s available. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Continuous_learning_in_Project_Thoth_using_Kafka_and Argo⠀⇛ Thoth’s main role is to advise programmers about different software stacks based on requirements specified by the programmer. The component thoth-adviser then produces a locked software stack. This article shows the tools and workflows that let Thoth intelligently respond to programmer requests when it can’t find the relevant packages or related information. [...] With a constantly evolving supply of information, providing guarantees to users is difficult. Thoth aggregates information as needed through event-driven learning by using event streams (in Kafka) to trigger complex container workflows (in Argo). Both technologies are highly extensible, so new features are easy to add. # ⚓ Deploying_the_Mosquitto_MQTT_message_broker_on_Red Hat_OpenShift,_Part_2⠀⇛ The first half of this article introduced the Mosquitto Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) message broker and showed how to build Mosquitto into an image suitable for use in a container. In this second half of the article, you will configure and deploy the Mosquitto image into an application that runs on Red Hat OpenShift. # ⚓ The_NeuroFedora_Blog:_Next_Open_NeuroFedora_meeting: 26_April_1300_UTC⠀⇛ Please join us at the next regular Open NeuroFedora team meeting on Monday 26 April at 1300UTC in #fedora-neuro on IRC (Freenode). The meeting is a public meeting, and open for everyone to attend. You can join us over: # ⚓ Fedora_Magazine:_Exploring_the_world_of_declarative programming⠀⇛ Most of us use imperative programming languages like C, Python, or Java at home. But the universe of programming languages is endless and there are languages where no imperative command has gone before. That which may sound impossible at the first glance is feasible with Prolog and other so called declarative languages. This article will demonstrate how to split a programming task between Python and Prolog. In this article I do not want to teach Prolog. There are resources available for that. We will demonstrate how simple it is to solve a puzzle solely by describing the solution. After that it is up to the reader how far this idea will take them. # ⚓ Flatpak_1.12_Development_Kicks_Off_with_Steam Improvements,_Better_Support_for_TUI_Programs⠀⇛ Flatpak 1.12 will be the next major release of the open-source Flatpak system for building, distributing, and running sandboxed desktop applications on GNU/Linux distributions after the Flatpak 1.10 series. It promises several new features like better support for the Steam Linux Runtime mechanism, allowing Steam to launch games with its own container runtime as /usr. In fact, this new feature allows any subsandbox to have a different /usr and/or /app. Flatpak 1.12 also promises improved support for TUI (text-based user interface) programs like GNU Debugger, a highly performant reimplementation of ostree prune designed specifically for archive-mode repositories, and support for Flatpak instances of the same app-ID to share their /tmp directory, $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR environment variable, as well as /dev/shm directory. # ⚓ Flatpak_1.11.1_Brings_Changes_For_Steam,_Better Support_For_Command_Line_Programs⠀⇛ Flatpak 1.11.1 is out this morning as the first development step towards the eventual Flatpak 1.12 stable release. Being the first development release of the new series, Flatpak 1.11.1 does bring some notable feature changes. One of the changes with Flatpak 1.11.1 worth mentioning is allowing sub- sandboxes to have a different /usr and/ or /app. This feature is being used initially by the Flatpak Steam effort to launch games within its own container run-time showing up as a replaced /usr. Basically, being able to handle the Steam Linux Runtime within a Flatpak sandboxed environment. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ ROS_enterprise_support:_15_things_you_need_to_know⠀⇛ With the announcement of Robot Operating System (ROS) Extended Security Maintenance (ESM), we have received many questions from our robotics community interested in knowing more about this enterprise solution. Some of these questions are related to ROS Kinetic End-of-life, others explore how ROS ESM enables security compliance and our enterprise support for ROS. This blog aims to answer some of the most common questions. For more background, please have a look at What is ROS ESM?. [...] Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) for Ubuntu underpins ROS ESM and provides extended Linux kernel and open source security updates for the Ubuntu base OS. This includes key infrastructure components, like Ceph, OpenStack and Kubernetes, as well as open source applications, like Python 2, OpenCV3, PostgreSQL, NGINX, and more. Although not part of ROS, many of these applications are commonly bundled with robotics applications. # ⚓ OpenStack_CentOS_alternatives:_7_reasons_to_migrate to_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Looking for OpenStack CentOS alternatives after recent changes in the CentOS project? Think Ubuntu – the most popular Linux distribution for OpenStack deployments, after CentOS, across development and production environments. Wondering what makes Ubuntu different? Here are seven reasons you should consider Ubuntu when planning your CentOS migration. [...] You can install OpenStack on Ubuntu via regular deb packages available in the official Ubuntu Archive. As a result, it seamlessly plugs into the existing Ubuntu ecosystem. In addition, you can leverage various official projects, including OpenStack Charms and OpenStack Ansible which enable fully automated OpenStack installation and operations on Ubuntu. Refer to the official installation instructions on the Ubuntu website for more information on how to set up a production- grade OpenStack cluster. Or try MicroStack – a pure upstream OpenStack distribution, designed for small-scale and edge deployments that you can install with minimal effort. Even on your workstation! o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ PinePhone_Keyboard_to_make_for_a_cheaper,_albeit_slower Cosmo_Communicator⠀⇛ Pine64 PinePhone is a popular Linux smartphone among the developers and Linux enthusiasts’ communities and some of the most popular Linux operating systems support by the phone include KDE Plasma Mobile, PostMarket OS, Manjaro, and UBports for an Ubuntu Touch like interface. But soon, you’ll be able to use your PinePhone like a portable Linux computer, a 5.95-inch mini laptop of sorts, that’s similar to the 2-in-1 Cosmo Communicator device, but at a much lower price, albeit with lower performance, thanks to PinePhone Keyboard accessory. [...] Luke could not provide any ETA with regards to manufacturing or availability in the Pine64, but we should expect more details in the upcoming Pine64 May 2021 update. # ⚓ Quad_GPIO_Expander_for_Raspberry_Pi_Pico_adds_battery, display_module,_sensors,_etc…_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ People are normally using MCU boards for their low cost, low-power consumption, low price and/or real- time ability. The Raspberry Pi Pico is no exception, but if you don’t care about using a large board, Waveshare created a 177 x 62 mm “expander” board for the Raspberry Pi Pico that can take four modules. The company’s Quad GPIO Expander board includes a set of female headers for RPi Pico, and four sets of 2×20 male headers for extra modules that bring support for 14500 batteries, OLED displays, RTC, relays, and other compatible modules. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Raspberry_Pi_Emulators_2021⠀⇛ It’s no secret that the Raspberry Pi is one of the most versatile series of computers available today. They don’t cost hundreds of dollars, but can provide hours of fun and entertainment while helping to teach you about coding and the world of Unix. It’s incredible to realize how much power is on a board the size of a credit card (or even smaller). Truth be told, while some may tinker with the Raspberry Pi in an effort to block all the ads on their home Wi-Fi, many folks will want to get started because of retro game emulation. Regardless of whether you’re using the Raspberry Pi 400 or even something a bit smaller like the Raspberry Pi Zero, retro game emulation is extremely fun once it’s been set up. Think about all of the hours playing those classic games from your childhood and now you can relive the excitement with the best Raspberry Pi emulators. # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_Powered_PDP-11⠀⇛ This PDP-11 project takes me straight back to my days as a PhD candidate at University College London while at the same time chiming with my current absorption with the Rapsberry Pi family. Remember the 1970s, it was my job as the Department’s junior member to key-in the PDP- 11 load sequence every morning. You see the piano-style keys numbererd 0 t0 31 to the left of the white spacer key grouped in threes. They were used to input the sequence in Octal. I did it so often I’d memorized the sequence and could input it in around 20 minutes after which I’d load the paper tape. While the start up sequence completed there was time for a coffee – now that’s a bad memory 1970′s instant coffee – before being able to get on with my project – except that almost inevitably my room mate would have arrived in the interim and taken over the machine we shared with two others. Luckily I was allowed to have the most access to it as I was charged with writing the operating software for the state-of-the-art image processing software that was vital for the entire department’s ongoing research projects. Ah those were the days. Perhaps not and imagine what we could have done given today’s hardware. Back to the 21st century and the Raspberry Pi which is used to run the PDP-11 emulator. Well it doesn’t cost $20,000 for a start. The top-of-the-range Raspberry Pi 4B with 8GB RAM will set you back around $90 or if you opt for a kit including case and 128GB Micro SD card $149.99, see side panel. These would be overkill for this project and Retro Viator used a Model 3B for less than $40. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android_Circuit:_Samsung’s_Folding_Galaxy_Plans, Happy_Birthday_OnePlus,_Asus_Confirms_New_Smartphone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Will_Bring_Yet_Another_Small_Change_To Notification_Cards⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12:_Playing_audio_crossfades_when_switching player_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Verizon’s_Motorola_One_5G_UW_Picks_Up_Android_11 Update⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_2.2_Android_11_stable_update_releases_right_in time⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_expected_to_launch_foldable_Android_tablet soon⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_download_Free_Fire_Max_April_2021_update:_APK download_link_for_Android_devices_(specific_regions)⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_warned_of_Flubot_messaging_malware⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_photos:_Google_Photos_for_Android_rolling_out new_editing_tools_–_Latest_News_|_Gadgets_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Chrome_91_will_bring_clipboard_support_for desktop_apps,_new_form_controls_UX_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Photos_for_Android_rolls_out_new_editing_tools to_sharpen_and_create_less_blurry_images_–_Technology News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Forget_dark_mode_–_Android_12’s_‘extra_dim’_feature is_built_to_help_your_eyes_at_night_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_X2_Android_11_public/open_beta_update_opens_up for_registration⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Of_The_Best_Slot_Games_For_Android⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Collabora_using_AI_to_enhance_VR_hand_tracking_in_Monado, the_open-source_OpenXR_runtime⠀⇛ Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality (XR) is continuing to be a very interesting space with lots of innovation going on and Collabora are at the front of this with Monado, the open source OpenXR runtime. Reminder: Monado is the first OpenXR runtime for Linux. Monado aims to jump-start development of an open source XR ecosystem and provide the fundamental building blocks for device vendors to target the GNU/Linux platform. In a recent blog post update, the team behind it talked about ways of tracking hand poses and the challenges that come along with it. So what are they doing to improve it? Hooking up Machine Learning / AI instead of just relying on vision- based methods of tracking. # ⚓ How_we_built_an_open_source_design_system_to_create_new community_logos⠀⇛ As interaction designers on Red Hat’s User Experience (UX) Design and Ansible product teams, we worked for about six months to build a logo family with the Ansible community. This journey started even earlier when a project manager asked us for a “quick and easy” logo for a slide deck. After gathering a few requirements, we presented a logo to the stakeholders within a few days and without much need for iteration. A few months later, another stakeholder decided they would also benefit from having imagery for their materials, so we repeated the process. At this point, we noticed a pattern: logo resources like these no longer represented individual requests but rather a common need across the Ansible project. After completing several logo requests, we had built a makeshift series that—without conscious branding and design conventions—created the potential for visual inconsistencies across the Ansible brand. As the logo collection grew, we recognized this looming problem and the need to combat it. # ⚓ The_social_contract_of_open_source⠀⇛ Even though I gave a keynote with an accompanying blog post all about setting expectations for open source participation, I felt it was time to do another blog post to directly address the issue of entitlement by some open source users which is hurting open source, both for themselves and for others. I want to get the point across that open source maintainers owe you quite literally nothing when it comes to their open source code, and treating them poorly is unethical. And to me, this is the underlying social contract of open source. Do open source projects that produce open source code need to provide anything beyond this? I say no: open source software starts and stops with the software and its license. But what if you want to have a more social aspect to your open source project and somehow be reachable by users? In that case I believe there’s a bit more to be expected in the exchange and it mostly revolves around treating each other like human beings. # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Welcome_to_Red_Hat_Summit_2021:_A_truly_global event⠀⇛ Red Hat Summit is the premier open source event and it’s entering the second year as a virtual experience. We’re truly excited about the chance to meet, virtually, with Red Hat customers, users and partners from around the world. And we do mean around the world, as this year’s Red Hat Summit is a truly global event with a choice of three schedules for our friends all over the globe. This year Summit is expanding to become a flexible conference series with a two-part immersive virtual experience as well as a planned global tour of smaller in-person events. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_Community_Member_Monday:_Necdet_Yücel⠀⇛ I’m one of the old translators of LibreOffice. I have translated hundreds of thousands of words, but I have no motivation to work on translations for a while. Since 2015, the year Gülşah Köse become a LibreOffice developer, more than 15 of my students made contributions to LibreOffice. One of them is Mert Tümer’s, who is an active LibreOffice developer. Gülşah’s work was a major influence for LibreOffice developments in Turkey. I am very proud of my students, who started with her and continued until Gökçe Küler. [...] I think we have no choice but to direct students to free software in universities. Because it’s the only chance to to study how the programs work. Reading well-written code, changing it, compiling and redistributing it are the main requirements for being good developers. If we can explain them to students, they will become free software developers. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU_Linux-Libre_5.12_Kernel_Released_for_Those Who_Seek_100%_Freedom_for_Their_PCs⠀⇛ Based on the recently released Linux kernel 5.12, the GNU Linux-libre 5.12 kernel is packed with the same new features as the upstream kernel, but it cleans up many of the newly added drivers, including the BCM VK accelerators, MT7921E wifi, MXL692 dvb, OcteonTX2 crypto, as well as Intel ICE docs and Qualcomm AArch64 DTS files. In addition, the GNU Linux-libre 5.12 kernel adjusts the Allegro-DVT driver as it is now out of staging, and cleans up the drivers for Adreno GPU and x86 touchscreens since they were modified in the upstream Linux 5.12 kernel to request new blob names, thus providing 100% free drivers and code to those seeking 100% freedom for their GNU/ Linux PCs. # ⚓ GNU_Linux-libre_5.12-gnu_(Freedo_misses Tasha)⠀⇛ GNU Linux-libre 5.12-gnu cleaning-up scripts, cleaned-up sources, and cleaning-up logs (including tarball signatures) have been available since last night from our git-based release archive git://linux-libre.fsfla.org/ releases.git/ tags {scripts,sources,logs}/v5.12-gnu. Tarballs and incremental patches are also available at . The cleaning up scripts have been unchanged since first published for -rc6. There were many newly-added drivers requiring cleaning up: OcteonTX2 crypto, MXL692 dvb, MT7921E wifi, and BCM VK accelerators. Some further cleanups were needed in Intel ICE docs, and in Qualcomm AArch64 DTS files. The Allegro-DVT driver graduated out of staging and thus required adjustments to its cleaning up rules. Drivers for Adreno GPU and for x86 touchscreens were changed upstream to request new blob names, so cleaning up adjustments were required. This release is in memory of Tasha, Jason Self's feline companion of many years. Jason has long contributed to GNU Linux-libre and maintained the popular Freesh distribution of GNU Linux-libre .debs. Tasha shared his home, brought him joy, and is sorely missed. https://social.bobcall.me/@jxself/ 106022448796141042 For up-to-the-minute news, join us on #linux-libre of irc.gnu.org (Freenode), or follow me on P2P or federated social media. Check the link in the signature for directions. Be Free! with GNU Linux-libre. What is GNU Linux-libre? ------------------------ GNU Linux-libre is a Free version of the kernel Linux (see below), suitable for use with the GNU Operating System in 100% Free GNU/Linux-libre System Distributions. http://www.gnu.org/distros/ It removes non-Free components from Linux, that are disguised as source code or distributed in separate files. It also disables run-time requests for non-Free components, shipped separately or as part of Linux, and documentation pointing to them, so as to avoid (Free-)baiting users into the trap of non-Free Software. http://www.fsfla.org/anuncio/2010-11- Linux-2.6.36-libre-debait Linux-libre started within the gNewSense GNU/Linux distribution. It was later adopted by Jeff Moe, who coined its name, and in 2008 it became a project maintained by FSF Latin America. In 2012, it became part of the GNU Project. The GNU Linux-libre project takes a minimal-changes approach to cleaning up Linux, making no effort to substitute components that need to be removed with functionally equivalent Free ones. Nevertheless, we encourage and support efforts towards doing so. http://libreplanet.org/wiki/LinuxLibre: Devices_that_require_non-free_firmware Our mascot is Freedo, a light-blue penguin that has just come out of the shower. Although we like penguins, GNU is a much greater contribution to the entire system, so its mascot deserves more promotion. See our web page for their images. http://linux-libre.fsfla.org/ What is Linux? -------------- Linux is a clone of the Unix kernel [...] (snipped from Documentation/admin- guide/README.rst) # ⚓ GNU_Linux-Libre_5.12_Released_After_More_Driver Deblobbing,_Dedicated_To_A_Cat⠀⇛ Freshly re-based against yesterday’s Linux 5.12 kernel, GNU Linux-Libre 5.12-gnu is now available as the latest version of this GNU cleansed kernel now carrying a codename of “Freedo Misses Tasha”. With GNU Linux-Libre 5.12 there was more driver de-blobbing changes that occurred in the name of trying to prevent binary-only “non-free” firmware from being loaded by the system even if it means reduced hardware support/ functionality or missing security updates. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Software_Release_Life_Cycle_in_DevOps:_Why Reinvent_The_Model?⠀⇛ In my previous and the first article in this series, I presented a new form and model of DevOps and described its essential components and workflow. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Rakudo_Weekly_News:_2021.17_Releastable⠀⇛ Alexander Kiryuhin has announced the Rakudo Compiler 2021.04 Release. A little later than originally planned, because some issues were discovered that needed to be fixed, either in core or in the ecosystem. Kudos to Alexander and all the other people that worked on this release! This release comes with new IO::Path methods, and support for Julian Dates in the DateTime class, and a now term that is 38x as fast. Also many stability and speed improvements and other assorted features and fixes. JJ Merelo‘s Alpine-raku docker containers are also updated, as well as the Rakudo Linux Packages (now also including *buntu 21.04) by Claudio Ramirez. A new Rakudo Star release should be available soon. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ [Older]_Java_16_Is_Here!⠀⇛ o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenCL_3.0.7_Released_With_New_Extensions⠀⇛ The Khronos Group used the International Workshop on OpenCL (IWOCL 2021) to release OpenCL 3.0.7 as the latest OpenCL 3 revision that brings with it some new extensions. This OpenCL 3.0 maintenance release brings a handful of new extensions in addition to the usual bug fixes and clarifications. One of the interesting additions with OpenCL 3.0.7 is cl_khr_pci_bus_info for exposing PCI bus information of the OpenCL device. There is also now cl_khr_extended_bit_ops for built-in functions to insert/extract/reverse bits in a bitfield. With OpenCL 3.0.7, cl_khr_suggested_local_work_size is a new query for finding out about the suggested local work group size for a kernel on an OpenCL device. This update also adds cl_khr_spirv_linkonce_odr to separately compile and link C++ programs as well as cl_khr_spirv_extended_debug_info for SPIR-V modules to use OpenCL DebugInfo. # ⚓ Vulkan_1.2.177_Released_To_Help_Graphics_Translation Layers⠀⇛ Vulkan 1.2.177 is out today as the newest version of the Vulkan specification and this time around introduces one new extension that aims to help OpenGL translation layers and potentially other implementations atop this graphics API. Besides the usual internal and public bug fixes, the main addition to Vulkan 1.2.177 is the VK_EXT_provoking_vertex extension. VK_EXT_provoking_vertex is for changing the provoking vertex convention from the default of the first vertex to instead the last vertex. This change is to match the OpenGL convention of using the last vertex. [...] This though isn’t only of relevance to desktop OpenGL but OpenGL ES and Direct3D 11 too may benefit from this extension for matching the provoking vertex convention. This extension was originally first proposed back in 2019 by a Google engineer while now has made it to the official spec. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Vishal_Gupta:_Ramblings_//_On_Sikkim_and_Backpacking⠀⇛ Sikkimese people, are honestly some of the nicest people I’ve ever met. The blend of Lepchas, Bhutias and the humility and the truthfulness Buddhism ingrains in its disciples is one that’ll make you fall in love with Sikkim (assuming the views, the snow, the fab weather and food, leave you pining for more). o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Cisco_says_computer_chip_shortage_to_last_six_months_–_BBC News⠀⇛ The semiconductor shortage is affecting firms from carmakers to smartphone manufacturers. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Virus_Surge_in_Gaza_Threatens_to_Overwhelm_Hospitals⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ FBI_gets_warrant_to_HACK_PRIVATE_SERVERS?⠀⇛ It’s true. And crazy. The FBI has used a warrant issued by a Texas court to hack into Microsoft Exchange servers which had been previously compromised by hackers with ties to the Chinese government. # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Monday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (drupal7, gst-libav1.0, gst- plugins-bad1.0, gst-plugins-base1.0, gst-plugins-good1.0, gst-plugins- ugly1.0, jackson-databind, libspring- java, opendmarc, openjdk-11, and pjproject), Fedora (buildah, containers-common, crun, firefox, java- 11-openjdk, nextcloud-client, openvpn, podman, python3-docs, python3.9, runc, and xorg-x11-server), Mageia (connman, krb5-appl, and virtualbox), openSUSE (apache-commons-io, ImageMagick, jhead, libdwarf, nim, nodejs-underscore, qemu, ruby2.5, shim, and sudo), Red Hat (firefox, thunderbird, and xstream), and SUSE (apache-commons-io, java-11- openjdk, kvm, librsvg, and python- aiohttp). # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Researchers_Found_Privacy_Leaks_with Apple’s_Airplay⠀⇛ For a long time, our easiest option for sharing images and files was to attach them to emails. Advancements were made in texting, and it joined email as a popular sharing mode. [...] AirDrop allows the direct transfer of images, videos, and files between iPhones, iPads, and Macs. By default, the option shows options to devices near you that are being used by your contacts. A TU blog post explains, “AirDrop uses a mutual authentication mechanism that compares a user’s phone number and email address with entries in the other user’s address book” to determine which available devices belong to your contacts. But people with a Wi-Fi-capable device can still launch an attack on your device – even if they are a complete stranger. If you launch the sharing option on your device, you become discoverable to an attacker in your vicinity. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Halberd_Corporation_Files_International_Patent Cooperation_Treaty_(PCT)_Application_on_Treating_and Curing_Covid-19_Infection_Utilizing_a_Laser⠀⇛ # ⚓ SPC_reiterates_separate_comparison_principle_in novelty_assessment [Paywall]⠀⇛ In a landmark case, the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) IP Tribunal clarified that two reference documents which disclosed technical solutions that point… # ⚓ Oral_Argument_in_Minerva_Surgical_Inc._v._Hologic, Inc.⠀⇛ The Supreme Court heard oral argument last week in Minerva Surgical Inc. v. Hologic, Inc. over the issue of assignor estoppel (transcript). As a reminder, the case arose in an infringement suit over U.S. Patent Nos. 6,782,183 and 9,095,348. The patents were directed to “procedures and devices for endometrial ablation.” Claim 9 of the ’183 patent and claim 1 of the ’348 patent were considered by the Court to be representative… [...] The Federal Circuit affirmed with regard to assignor estoppel issue in an opinion by Judge Stoll joined by Judges Wallach and Clevenger. The panel affirmed the District Court’s grant of summary judgment based on assignor estoppel with regard to Minerva’s invalidity defenses in this litigation regarding the ’348 patent. # ⚓ Earth_Day_2021:_analysis_of_green_technology_patent trends [Ed: Greenwashing using patents is a terrible idea because those patents actively harm the planet and access to solutions. But the propaganda mills of lawyers will stop at nothing.]⠀⇛ Despite a slight dip in patent filings in 2020, a boom in green technology innovation seems likely # ⚓ World_IP_Day_2021:_navigating_the_pandemic_through ingenuity⠀⇛ The EPO and intellectual property offices around the globe today celebrate World IP Day. A little over a year ago, the world was plunged into a pandemic that has changed the way we work and live. Despite challenges and setbacks, human perseverance and ingenuity is paving the road to recovery. For World IP Day 2021, the EPO would like to thank inventors everywhere and highlight just some of the solutions that have inspired us during the pandemic. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Software_patenting_and_digital_creative_arts_in Europe_–_Carpmaels_&_Ransford [Ed: Software patents are not legal, but the litigation giants don't care what's legal and what's not; they support the criminal, corrupt regime at the EPO, which flagrantly breaks the law to flood their "market" with patents (for more lawsuits)]⠀⇛ Securing a patent for software inventions in Europe is not without its challenges. At first glance it seems that the European Patent Office (EPO) explicitly excludes the patentability of computer programs, giving rise to a common misconception that it is impossible to patent most software inventions. However, the application of the EPO’s exclusions does, in fact, allow for the patentability of software in certain situations. The body of case law surrounding digital creations, and the software that produces them, is a particularly interesting and ever-developing area. Digital creative arts and computer graphics, particularly for use in simulation, animation, and video gaming, are rapidly growing markets in the software space. Existing strong growth has been catalysed by an especially sedentary and indoor 2020, with the gaming industry reportedly up 20% in 2020 and the animation and VFX market due to grow by 9% in 2021. We can therefore expect protection for inventions in this space to increase in value alongside its market growth. # ⚓ Webinar_on_AI-Generated_Inventions [Ed: The "hey hi" hype has become a go-to avenue for illegal software patents or software-generated patents]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Call_routing_matrix:_technical [Ed: The EPO's Technical Board of Appeal lacks independence and all the Boards are bullied or lobbied by the Office, so the legitimacy of their decision has little or nothing to do with law or EPC. Hence software patents slip in.]⠀⇛ This decision concerns an European patent application for a wireless device to manage cross-network telecommunication services. While the device is technical per se, the decision depends on whether the distinguishing feature(s) of the application are novel and involve an inventive step over the prior art. Here are the practical takeaways from the decision T 1352/18 (Call routing matrix/AVAYA) of 23.3.2021 of Technical Board of Appeal 3.5.03: # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Turkey:_Domestic_patent,_trademark,_design applications_rise_in_Q1 [Ed: Just registering things does not imply or beget innovation etc. but it's certainly helpful to lawyers]⠀⇛ Turkey saw a remarkable rise in domestic applications of patent, trademark, and design in the first quarter of this year despite the coronavirus pandemic, the country’s industry and technology minister said Monday. “Domestic patent applications have increased by 28%, trademark applications have increased by 47% and design applications have increased by 15% year-on-year [in January-March],” Mustafa Varank told a virtual meeting on World Intellectual Property Day. This significant progress has been achieved by the enormous investment in human capital and R&D facilities under our administrations, Varank said. # ⚓ In-house_counsel_reveal_how_they_protect_suggestive trademarks⠀⇛ Counsel from Kraft Heinz, Nestlé and Ziff Davis say distinctive graphics and strong clearance searches can help firms enforce marks such as ‘Vagisil’ # ⚓ Amazon_Launches_IP_Accelerator_in_Canada_to_Help Small_Businesses_Secure_a_Trademark_and_Protect_Their Brands⠀⇛ # ⚓ Jeff_Bezos_loses_trade_mark_battle_at_the_EU_General Court⠀⇛ In an interesting decision earlier this year, the General Court upheld the EUIPO Fifth Board of Appeal’s decision regarding a likelihood of confusion between the Bezos Family Foundation’s application for EU trade mark (EUTM) registration of ‘VROOM’, the name of a global programme aimed at facilitating early brain development, and the earlier EUTM ‘POP & VROOM’, owned by SNCF (France’s state- owned rail company). In particular, the Foundation had argued that the elements ‘pop’ and ‘vroom’ in the earlier mark were onomatopoeic expressions which referred to an engine sound, since the opponent’s company is an affiliate of a well- known railway company and the goods designated by that mark concerned the field of transport. The General Court disagreed. According to the Court, this could not in any event reduce the distinctive character of the opponent’s mark in respect of those goods considered as a whole. [...] In relation to the comparison of the marks, the General Court considered first that, irrespective of the fact that the onomatopoeic expression ‘vroom’ is not the first part of the opponent’s mark, the Foundation’s mark is included entirely in the opponent’s mark. According to case law, that fact alone is, in principle, liable to create both a strong visual and phonetic similarity between the marks at issue (For Tune v EUIPO (T‑815/16)). Secondly, although, as the applicant had claimed, the relevant public normally attaches greater importance to the first part of words, this does not apply in all cases, nor does it call into question the principle that the examination of the similarity of trade marks must take into account the overall impression produced by them. Furthermore, contrary to the Foundation’s claim, the onomatopoeic expression ‘vroom’ is not descriptive and could not be regarded as registered only in respect of computer software and mobile applications that relate to the field of transport alone. Therefore, the fact that the onomatopoeic expression ‘vroom’ could be understood as referring to an engine sound, which could potentially be perceived by the relevant public as alluding to that sector, is not sufficient to establish a sufficiently direct and specific relationship between that onomatopoeic expression and computer software and mobile applications as a whole. [..] The decision is a nice application of the well-established approach to onomatopoeias. The General Court considered that ‘vroom’ would not be necessary recognized by the public in accordance with this meaning. This is in line with the EUIPO Guidelines, which attach importance to the relevant context. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3015 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 04.26.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_26/4/2021:_Linux_Kernel_5.12_and_Geary_40_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:43 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Josh_Bressers:_Episode_268_–_Can_we_trust_any_3rd parties?⠀⇛ Josh and Kurt talk about what 3rd party means in the current world. From 5G suppliers, to the Codecov and Solarwinds breaches. Is there anyone we can trust? # ⚓ UbuntuDDE_Remix_21.04_Run_Through⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at UbuntuDDE Remix 21.04. # ⚓ UbuntuDDE_Remix_21.04⠀⇛ Today we are looking at UbuntuDDE Remix 21.04. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.11, the latest of Deepin, and uses about 1GB of ram (but it can become a lot more) when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ This_Week_in_Linux_148:_Ubuntu_21.04,_Linux_On_Mars,_Linux Kernel_Bans_University_of_Minnesota⠀⇛ On this episode of This Week in Linux, NASA has successfully flown a Linux and Open Source powered craft on Mars! In Distro News, Ubuntu has released “Hirsuite Hippo” so if you’re an Ubuntu user you will certainly want to check out Ubuntu 21.04 or perhaps one of the 21.04 Ubuntu Flavours which have also been released. Then we’ll check out the latest release of the Arch Linux based EndeavourOS. In App News, KDE has announced the first release of the Application Suite after the renaming to KDE Gear with KDE Gear 21.04. We’ll also check out the latest version of the Geary Email Client and Jellyfin’s new media player. Then we’ll jump right into so Drama because IBM has been a little bit of hot water with some confusion over their employee development policies and it turns out Research Papers can get an entire university banned from Linux Kernel contributions. All that and much more on Your Weekly Source for Linux GNews! # ⚓ Adblocking_Isn’t_As_Simple_As_Do_Or_Don’t⠀⇛ Adblocking is one of those topics that people like apply a black and white mentality to, but I don’t think it’s as simple as ads are bad and they should be blocked or ads are inherentently good and blocking them makes you a bad person. # ⚓ Linux_Action_News_186⠀⇛ The University of Minnesota has been banned from the Linux kernel. We’ll share the history, the context, and where things stand now around the controversial research that led to the ban. Plus Ubuntu 21.04 is out, and we try WSL’s new GUI Linux app support. # ⚓ Noodlings_28_|_Building_Things⠀⇛ I purchased a new printer and had some issues with the proprietary plugin. The folks on the openSUSE forum are incredibly knowledgeable and helpful. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Banned_UMN_Researchers_Apologize_to_Linux_Community⠀⇛ University of Minnesota (UMN) assistant professor Kangjie Lu, along with graduate students Qiushi Wu and Aditya Pakki, apologized to the Linux community on Saturday for the controversial research into “hypocrite commits” that got the entire university system banned from contributing to the Linux kernel. In an email to the Linux kernel mailing list, the trio said that the research in question, which sought to highlight one of the ways open source projects such as Linux can be undermined, was carried out in August 2020. The findings were published to GitHub on February 10; they didn’t appear to attract much attention for several months. Then last week, Greg Kroah-Hartman, the Linux developer who oversees the stable release channel, banned UMN from contributing to the Linux kernel. He also said in an email to Pakki that he’d have to “rip out your previous contributions, as they were obviously submitted in bad-faith with the intent to cause problems.” This quickly became a hot-button issue among the Linux developer community, and the UMN Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) apologized for the incident a day later. But the need to double-check all of the university’s contributions to the Linux kernel still raised the ire of many already-quite-busy Linux developers. # ⚓ Linux_5.12_Kernel_Officially_Released,_This_Is_What’s_New⠀⇛ More than two months in the works, Linux kernel 5.12 is here with dynamic thermal power management mechanism, initial support for zoned block devices for the Btrfs file system, netfilter improvements, high compression LZ4 mode support for the F2FS file system, and support for non-uniform memory access (NUMA) systems for the RISC-V 64-bit architecture. Kfence, a new memory-debugging tool, has been added as well in Linux 5.12, which now supports the open source ACRN reference hypervisor designed for embedded IoT development, Playstation 5 DualSense wireless game controllers, Nintendo 64 game controllers, and the the Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Tablet Gen 2. # ⚓ Linux_Kernel_5.12_Released._This_is_What’s_New⠀⇛ Linux Kernel 5.12 is available for download. We give you a brief of the new features and how to install the latest Kernel. # ⚓ Linux_5.12_Released_With_Intel_Xe_Variable_Rate_Refresh, Clang_LTO,_KFENCE_+_More⠀⇛ After a week delay, the Linux 5.12 kernel was just released as stable. Linus Torvalds wrote in the brief 5.12 announcement, “Thanks to everybody who made last week very calm indeed, which just makes me feel much happier about the final 5.12 release.” # ⚓ Linux_5.12⠀⇛ Thanks to everybody who made last week very calm indeed, which just makes me feel much happier about the final 5.12 release. Both the shortlog (appended) and the diffstat are absolutely tiny, and it's mainly just a random collection of small fixes in various areas: arm64 devicetree files, some x86 perf event fixes (and a couple of tooling ones), various minor driver fixes (amd and i915 gpu fixes stand out, but honestly, that's not because they are big, but because the rest is even smaller), a couple of small reverts, and a few locking fixes (one kvm serialization fix, one memory ordering fix for rwlocks). Anyway, this obviously means that I'll start the merge window for 5.13 tomorrow. But I'd ask that even developers champing at the bit to get their shiny new code merged please spend a bit of time running and checking out 5.12. Despite the extra week, this was actually a fairly small release overall. Judging by linux-next, 5.13 will be making up for it. Linus # ⚓ Next_Mainline_Linux_Kernel_5.12_Released_with_Essential Improvements⠀⇛ Linux Kernel 5.11 was an impressive release with the support for new hardware that’s probably out- of-stock till the end of 2022. Now, almost after 2 months of work and a week of delay for a release candidate version 8, Linux Kernel 5.12 is here. The improvements span across many things that include processor support, laptop support, new hardware support, storage enhancements, and a few more essential driver additions. # ⚓ The_5.12_kernel_has_been_released⠀⇛ Linus Torvalds has released the 5.12 kernel. “Thanks to everybody who made last week very calm indeed, which just makes me feel much happier about the final 5.12 release.” Headline features in 5.12 include the removal of a number of obsolete, (mostly) 32-bit Arm subarchitectures, atomic instructions for BPF, conditional file lookups with LOOKUP_CACHED, support for zoned block devices in the Btrfs filesystem, threaded NAPI polling in the network stack, filesystem ID mapping, support for building the kernel with Clang link-time optimization, the KFENCE kernel-debugging tool, and more. # ⚓ A_letter_from_the_UMN_researchers⠀⇛ The University of Minnesota researchers who have stirred up the kernel community with various types of bad patches have sent an open letter to the linux-kernel list. # ⚓ Uni_bid_to_patch_up_with_Linux_kernel_project_fails_to_move maintainer⠀⇛ The maintainer of the stable Linux kernel, Greg Kroah-Hartman, has snubbed an effort by a group at the University of Minnesota to get back in his good graces, after the group submitted known buggy patches to him in order to write a paper based on it. The two students who wrote the paper — Kangjie Lu and Qiushi Wu — and their instructor, Aditya Pakki, sent an “open letter to the Linux community” on 24 April, apologising for what they had done and claiming that they had noble goals for doing so. But Kroah-Hartman gave them short shrift, saying: “As you know, the Linux Foundation and the Linux Foundation’s Technical Advisory Board submitted a letter on Friday [23 April] to your University outlining the specific actions which need to happen in order for your group, and your University, to be able to work to regain the trust of the Linux kernel community. # ⚓ Greg_Kroah-Hartman_Rejects_Apology_from_University_of Minnesota_Researchers⠀⇛ Saturday University of Minnesota researchers emailed the Linux kernel mailing list apologizing for submitting buggy code as part of a research project to see whether it would be accepted. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Geary_40_Released_with_Responsive_UI,_Performance_Tweaks⠀⇛ A new version of Geary, the GTK email client for Linux, has been released — and it’s a substantial uplift! Not that news of release will be “news” to some of you! A number of Linux blogs wrote about Geary 40 as soon as its source code hit the GNOME FTP. I chose to to wait until Geary 40 was up on Flathub as there’s nothing worse than reading about something cool that you can’t easily try! So here it is: Geary 40. # ⚓ Gnome_Email_Client_Geary_40_Released_with_Adaptive_UI⠀⇛ The Geary email client 40.0 was released a few days ago with UI enhancements. Like Gnome core apps, Geary has the similar version system. After v3.38, Geary 40 was released days ago with adaptive user interface that supports for half-screen, portrait and small displays. So it finally has a Linux phone friendly UI. # ⚓ The_8_Best_Self-Hosted_Proxy_Servers⠀⇛ A proxy service aims to act on behalf of another. It could be to act on behalf of another person or behalf of another client machine or server. Hence, when we talk proxy servers, we have forward proxy servers or reverse proxy servers. A forward proxy server is positioned at the edge of your network to regulate outbound traffic according to preset rules in a shared network. It is also used to disguise a client’s machine IP address and block malicious inbound traffic. Forward proxy servers keep track of requests, responses, sources, and destinations, allowing different clients to send out various requests to other servers through the forward proxy, intermediate for all of them. # ⚓ Kdenlive_21.04.0_Is_Released_With_Speech_To_Text_Support And_Nicer_Zoom_Bar⠀⇛ The latest version of the free Kdenlive video editor for Linux and Windows can do speech to text conversion for subtitles or transcripts. Manual module installation is required, and kdenlive won’t recognize them, so it won’t do you any good. The online resource module which provides easy access to sound clips from Freesound and other sources has been rewritten, the Zoom bar has been improved and there are a lot of bug-fixes. # ⚓ XMRig_6.12.1_Is_Released⠀⇛ The latest version of the GNU GPL v3 licensed multiple digital currency miner XMRig adds one tiny fix for the assembly code used to mine uPlexa curency on the CPU. XMRig 6.12.0, released less than a week ago, added support for mining the uPlexa (UPX) currency on CPUs and GPUs, optimizations for the RandomX algorithm and a fix for showing the total hashrate correctly when it is compiled without OpenCL support. # ⚓ ZBrush_vs_Blender:_3D_Modeling_Software_Compared⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_YaCy_Search_Server_Is_Sort-Of_Being_Actively_Developed Again_After_Half_A_Decade_Of_Inactivity⠀⇛ The YaCy peer to peer search engine has been around to 2005. It works, sort-of. You can install it on your own desktop computer, or a home server or a NAS, and use it to search the web. It will produce search results, but they won’t be very good when they eventually show up after what seems like forever if you are used to the very impressive search speed commercial search engines like Bing and Google, and Bing front-ends like Duck Duck Go and Ecosia, provide. YaCy is written in Java, and the code-base is mostly ancient. What’s worse is that it comes with, and relies on, a bundle of ancient and wildly outdated Java libraries. YaCy was pretty actively developed the first few years after it was released in 2005. Development kind of died out around 2010, with only sporadic minor changes now and then being added to the repositories. Development essentially died around 2016. That changed around March this year. # ⚓ Duf_–_Check_Disk_Usage_on_Linux⠀⇛ Written purely in Go programming language, duf ( Disk Usage Free utility) tool is a free and opensource command-line tool that is an alternative to the df command. It intuitively displays the disk usage statistics of the system in a tabular format with color-coded output. It can be installed on Linux, BSD, Windows, and even macOS. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Multimedia_Codecs_In_OpenSUSE⠀⇛ This brief guide explains the steps to enable Packman repository in openSUSE and how to install multimedia codecs in openSUSE Leap and Tumbleweed editions from Packman repository. Installing codecs is one of the essential things to do in your openSUSE desktop system after doing a clean installation. Many multimedia codecs are non- free, so they are not included in the openSUSE default repositories due to legal reasons. This is why we need to add some third-party repositories like Packman, which provides various non-free packages, restricted codecs and libraries. Packman is the largest external repository that offers various additional packages for openSUSE. It contains all essential multimedia codecs, many audio and video player applications, games and also network related applications. Without Packman, you may not able to play many online or offline multimedia content. Before adding a third-party repository, you must remember that the packages hosted in a third-party repository are neither tested nor supported by openSUSE development team. Use it at your own risk. # ⚓ Steps_to_Install_Cherrytree_on_Opensuse_leap_Linux⠀⇛ Cherrytree is a note-taking and syntax highlighting editor that can be used to collect and sort notes of all kinds. It offers a tree-based structure on the left side of the application to easily navigate through added notes collection. Each entry there represents a hierarchically sorted text page and is referred to as a “node”. The program name refers to the use of different colored cherries to mark different levels. One of the strengths of the program is the included editor. # ⚓ How_to_upgrade_FreeBSD_12_to_13_in_3_steps⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_JetBrains_DataGrip_on_Linux⠀⇛ JetBrains DataGrip is an IntelliJ-based IDE (integrated development environment) for databases. It supports everything from MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Azure, Oracle, Amazon Redshift, Sybase, DB2, SQLite, HyperSQL, Apache Derby, and H2. The app is cross-platform and works on Mac OS, Windows, and Linux. In this guide, we’ll show you how to get JetBrains DataGrip up and running on Linux. For more information on DataGrip, click here. # ⚓ Quickly_ping_range_of_IP_adresses_and_return_only_those that_are_online [Ed: Or_this]⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Deb_Package_on_OpenSUSE_Leap_or_Tumbleweed⠀⇛ There are two ways to install Debian packages on OpenSUSE Leap or Tumbleweed, one is using SNAP to get Ubuntu-specific packages and the other by converting .Deb files into .RMP using Alien package convertor. We will show how to use both of them, here. OpenSUSE uses the YMP file extension but also allows the installation of RPM packages, thus we can convert easily the Debian packages that are not available to install on this Linux. However, converting packages from one format to another is one thing, and installing the same is another. I am saying this because there is no guarantee that the converted packages will get installed without any error. In such a situation, Snapcraft can help a lot because it creates an isolated environment to install packages thus doesn’t depend on the type of Linux system you are using. All the available software on its repository are installable on OpenSUSE. If you don’t want to use SNAP the Flatpak is there, however, the numbers of software packages in it are low as compared to SNAP. # ⚓ How_to_turn_on_Linux_Apps_in_Chrome_OS_90_and_newer_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to turn on Linux Apps in Chrome OS 90 and newer on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step. If you have any questions, please contact us via a YouTube comment and we would be happy to assist you! # ⚓ How_to_install_AlmaLinux_8.3_in_3_steps⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Enable_Remi_Repository_on_Fedora/Red_Hat_to_Install LAMP_Stack⠀⇛ In Fedora and Red Hat enterprise, some arrangements allow you to use an Apache PHP server with MySQL. But you may not always find ways to install software stacks on Red Hat-based systems. It’s a bit tuff to find a convenient solution to get these kinds of stuff together in a repository. Moreover, sometimes you may also find it challenging to configure the httpd server on a Red Hat-based system. To solve all these issues, you can install and enable the Remi repository on your Fedora and Red Hat enterprise. After installing the Remi repository on your machine, you can easily pull applications on your computer through the repository. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Nginx_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Nginx on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Nginx (Pronounce as Engine X) is a powerful web server software that can be used on your server. It is also known for its high performance and low memory usage which will allow fewer resources to be used but getting the job done efficiently. A popular setup is to use it as a proxy for Apache, which can then serve application requests. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Nginx on an AlmaLinux 8. # ⚓ Ubuntu:_list_USB_devices⠀⇛ On Ubuntu, you may (for one reason or another) wish to view information about all USB devices connected to the system. Unfortunately, Ubuntu doesn’t come with an official GUI USB tool that users can use to view this information efficiently. # ⚓ What_Is_the_Linux_/etc/shadow_File_and_What_Does_It_Do?⠀⇛ Poking around in your Linux system files, you might have come across a file in the /etc directory named shadow. It may sound creepy, but it’s really a safe, necessary, and useful file for system administration. Today we’ll take a closer look at the contents of the /etc/shadow file and what it can tell you about your system. [...] The shadow file really isn’t mysterious at all. Remember, however, that if you want to change passwords and password rules, you should avoid editing the shadow file directly and instead opt to use tools designated for that purpose. Whenever you add a new user to your Linux system, the /etc/shadow file is automatically modified to store the authentication information about the user. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Wine_6.7_Is_Released_With_44_Bug-Fixes⠀⇛ The latest development versin of the popular Wine Windows API re-implementaiton has 44 mostly game and application-specific bug fixes, NetApi32, WLDAP32, and Kerberos libraries converted to portable executables, improved plug and play driver support and some new media foundation code under the hood. You still can’t play Mario Kart DX12 with it. [...] Wine 6.7 fixes a crash of installation of multiple applications like Autdesk 3ds Max9 and Informix Database, a crash with NotImplementedException at IWebBrowser2.get_LocationName() that affected several bussiness related programs like SharpDevelop and Clarion Enterprise, fixes for several audio programs like Rekordbox 5.3.0 and Winamp and a crash fix for the immesily popular WeChat chat application from the China-based Tencent Holdings Ltd. Americans and Europeans are generally not familiar with WeChat, it is mostly used in Asia where it is a extremely popular way of sharing every aspect of your life with the Chinese authorities. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Raspberry_Pi_Emulators_of_2021:_Retro_Gaming_for_Linux Gets_Better_With_These_Apps⠀⇛ Raspberry Pi has been an exceptional platform to enjoy retro gaming, and 2021 has a lot to offer on the best emulators that can help in upgrading the experience to something enjoyable and worthwhile. Enjoying retro games is best fitted with a rightful emulator that bears a variety of tools that complement the feels of the good ole days. When people say retro, the first thing coming to mind is old, and that is exactly what the function of emulators is for, as it relieves the games loved in the past to the modern world. The addition of the Raspberry Pi Pico device has been excellent in supporting this feature of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, as it promotes the use of Linux native language for its functions. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_10_Extensions_for_GNOME_40_Desktop⠀⇛ We give you a list of GNOME 40 extensions that would make your desktop experience even better. Have a look. # ⚓ Drawing_0.8.0_Free_Basic_Image_Editor_App_Released⠀⇛ Drawing is a free basic image editor supporting PNG, JPEG and BMP file types. It is similar to Microsoft Paint, but aiming at the GNOME desktop. There are a lot of drawing apps for Linux, but most of them have a heavy focus on artists and are filled with sophisticated features. If you’re not interested in fancy features but want a simple drawing app, try Drawing instead. Drawing allows you to draw or edit pictures with tools such as pencil, line or arc, selection, shapes, text insertion, resizing, cropping, rotating, and so on. The app is now part of the GNOME Circle initiative. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ Review:_Manjaro_Linux_21.0⠀⇛ Manjaro Linux is an Arch-based distribution for x86_64 computers which features a graphical system installer (provided by Calamares) and pre-configured desktop environments. The latest snapshot of this rolling release project is Manjaro 21.0 which upgrades the default kernel to Linux 5.10 LTS. Depending on which desktop edition of the distribution we choose to run we will get to see different new features and improvements. The Xfce edition upgrades the desktop to Xfce 4.16 and offers fractional scaling, as well as the ability to pause and resume file transfers in the Thunar file manager. The KDE Plasma edition runs Plasma 5.21. The application menu offers two-pane navigation of program launchers. This release also reportedly ships with a new Plasma System Monitor tool and a settings module called Plasma Firewall for blocking unwanted network connections. The Plasma desktop’s Wayland support has also been updated. Manjaro’s GNOME edition makes it possible to move application launchers and sort them into folders. GNOME 3.38 can run on multiple displays, each with their own refresh rate. The GNOME edition also offers parental controls through the user account manager. I decided to try Manjaro’s KDE Plasma edition which is a 2.7GB download. Booting from the provided media brings up a menu offering to start the distribution with open source drivers or non-free drivers. Either option loads the Plasma desktop. Plasma features icons on the desktop for opening a PDF of a user guide and for launching the system installer. The guide includes detailed instructions for obtaining and installing Manjaro along with helpful screenshots. Across the bottom of the display we find a thick desktop panel. On this panel are buttons for opening the application menu, quick-launch buttons for the Dolphin file manager and Firefox, and a system tray. Shortly after Plasma loads a welcome window appears. This window provides us with access to release notes, on-line documentation, and support forums. There is also a button for launching the distribution’s installer. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ 4MLinux_37.0_BETA_released.⠀⇛ 4MLinux 37.0 BETA is ready for testing. Basically, at this stage of development, 4MLinux BETA has the same features as 4MLinux STABLE, but it provides a huge number of updated packages. # ⚓ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_April_25th,_2021⠀⇛ The thirtieth installment of the 9to5Linux Weekly Roundup is here for the week ending on April 25th, keeping you guys up to date with the most important things happening in the Linux world. If you missed last week’s 9to5Linux Weekly Roundup, you can check it out here. # ⚓ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_#127⠀⇛ We had another wonderful week in the world of Linux releases with Ubuntu 21.04 and Bluestar Linux 5.11.15. Have a great week and stay safe! # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ NetBSD_VM_on_bhyve_(on_TrueNAS)⠀⇛ My new NAS at home is running TrueNAS Core. So far, it has been excellent, however I struggled a bit setting up a NetBSD VM on it. Part of the problem is that a lot of the docs and how-tos I found are stale, and the information in it no longer applies. TrueNAS Core allows running VMs using bhyve, which is FreeBSD’s hypervisor. NetBSD is not an officially supported OS, at least according to the guest OS chooser in the TrueNAS web UI 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:)⦈ But since the release of NetBSD 9 a while ago, things have become far simpler than they used to be – with one caveat (see below). # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Dominique_Dumont:_An_improved_GUI_for_cme_and Config::Model⠀⇛ The improved GUI was released with Config:: Model::TkUI 1.374. This new version is available on CPAN and on Debian/ experimental). It will be released on Debian/ unstable once the next Debian version is out. # ⚓ uGet_&_KGet_Integrators⠀⇛ uGet is a lightweight yet powerful Open Source download manager for GNU/Linux developed with GTK+, which also comes packaged as a portable Windows app. [...] KGet Integration captures the downloads to download them in KGet. This application is designed for Linux. This work was heavily based on the uGet Integrator. Most changes are the name, variables and icons. Plus the kget-integrator is smaller as KGet supports less features. # ⚓ Junichi_Uekawa:_Got_a_new_machine_Lenovo_ThinkCenter M75s_gen2,_and_installed_Debian_on_it.⠀⇛ Got a new machine Lenovo ThinkCenter M75s gen2, and installed Debian on it. I wanted to try out the ryzen CPU. I haven’t used a physical x86-64 Debian desktop machine since I threw away my Athlon 64 machine (dx5150), so that’s like 15 years? Since then my main devices were macbooks and virtual machines (on GCE and Sakura) and raspberry pi. I got buster installed just fine. Finding the right keystrokes after boot was challenging because the graphical UI doesn’t say anything. # ⚓ Junichi_Uekawa:_wake_on_lan.⠀⇛ wake on lan. I have not been able to get wake on lan working. I wonder if poweroff command is powering off the system too much and losing power on the ethernet too. Do I need to suspend? # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Torsten_Franz:_My_first_six_months_at_the_Ubuntu Community_Council⠀⇛ Six months ago I was elected to the Ubuntu Community Council. After the first month, I wrote a text about how I experienced the first month. Time flies and now six months have already passed. In the first few months we have been able to fill some of the councils and boards that needed to be refilled in the community. But even where this has not been possible, we have initiated new ways to ensure that we move forward on the issues. One example is the LoCo Council, which could not be filled again, but we found people who were given the task of rethinking this council and proposing new structures. This process of evaluating and rethinking this area will take some time. There are some issues that we have on the agenda at the moment. Some of these are general issues related to the community, but some affects individual members of the community or where there are problems. For some topics, we quickly realised that it makes sense to have contact persons at Canonical who can advance these topics. We were very pleased to find Monica Ayhens-Madon and Rhys Davies, two employees at Canonical, who support us in bringing topics into the organisation and also implement tasks. One consequence of this has been the reactivation of the Community Team at Canonical. One topic that we have also come across, through the staffing of the board and the update of the benefits that you get as a member, is the Ubuntu Membership. At this point I would like to advertise the community and to show your community connection with Ubuntu through a membership. If you want to do this and know what benefits you are entitled to, you can read about it in the Ubuntu Wiki. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Pine64′s_new_keyboard_case_turns_the_PinePhone_into_a pocketable_Linux_laptop⠀⇛ The PinePhone is an interesting Linux smartphone that has made waves in the Linux community over the past few months. A new device from Pine64, the company behind the handset, aims to enhance the utility of the plucky phone by turning it into a tiny Linux computer. Pine64 showed off a new keyboard case for the phone that essentially transforms the PinePhone into a miniature laptop. The PinePhone supports a variety of Linux distros by default and can operate as a pseudo-desktop by hooking it up to a monitor and keyboard (also known as Convergence). The keyboard case is a more convenient option than plugging the phone into a USB-C hub and connecting a standalone keyboard and monitor. However, considering the PinePhone’s minuscule 5.95-inch display and its low 1440×720 resolution, using the phone as a clamshell computer seems to be more of a novelty than anything. The utility of such a device is limited, especially when there are far better options for mini-laptops (like the GPD Pocket 2 Max). # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Reflow_The_Logo:_Logo_Contest⠀⇛ Logo 1, is for Repair Preservation Group RPG is a nonprofit org with mission to make independent repair affordable, accessible and reliable for all people. Logo 2, is for Fight to Repair — the legislative arm of RPG that is fighting legislative battles to further RPGs mission. # ⚓ Arduino-controlled_Rubik’s_cube_chandelier_solves itself_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Rubik’s cubes have been mystifying and frustrating people for more than 40 years now. According to Forbes, 450 million Rubik’s cubes had been sold by 2020. But based on our very scientific estimates, only a small fraction of those have been solved. To avoid that difficulty, Stuart Gorman gave his Rubik’s cube chandelier the ability to unscramble itself. This large 3D-printed chandelier looks exactly like the iconic cube, except that each section is lit by LEDs instead of covered with a sticker. Those are WS2812B individually-addressable RGB LEDs controlled by an Arduino Mega board. People usually choose the Mega when they need a lot of I/ O pins, but in this case Gorman picked the Mega because it has lots of RAM to work with. That RAM is necessary for handling the complexity of the Arduino code that the lamp is running. The lamp has a few different LED effects modes, which are selectable through a smartphone app that connects to the Arduino via a Bluetooth module. Static colors can be set to each face or it can flash random colors. But the exciting modes replicate traditional Rubik’s cube play. The first starts with a solved cube and then endlessly rotates random faces, like most people do when they attempt to solve a Rubik’s cube. The second mode will actually solve the cube, which it does by playing the first mode in reverse. This chandelier looks fantastic and is a lot of fun to watch in action. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_play_COD_Mobile_Season_3_on_Android_devices using_controllers⠀⇛ # ⚓ BlueDriver_for_Android:_The_all-inclusive_digital_car mechanic⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_will_want_Google_to_keep_this_new_eye- saving_feature_in_Android_12_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Verizon_rolling_Android_11_update_to_the_Motorola_One 5G_UW_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Huawei’s_first_ever_phone_with_Android_alternative, HarmonyOS_2.0_gets_certified_|_HT_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_9_Pro_vs._Asus_ROG_Phone_5:_Which_Android phone_wins?_|_Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_will_tell_you_your_Wi-Fi_is_on_while_also telling_you_your_Wi-Fi_is_on⠀⇛ # ⚓ From_the_Editor’s_Desk:_Why_Android_12_is_a_bigger deal_than_you_think_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_11_features_that_would_be_great_for_e- readers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_11_Launches_the_Motorola_One_5G_UW_|_BOL News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lenovo_Tab_P11_tablet_now_available_for_$230_(Android tablet_with_mid-range_specs)_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Create_Eye-Catching_Posters_With_These_6_Android Apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ 16_new_(and_1_WTF)_Android_games_from_the_last_week: The_best,_worst,_and_everything_in_between_(4/19/21_– 4/25/21)⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_e.V._board_meeting_April_2021⠀⇛ The board of KDE e.V. sat down together (virtually) this weekend once again to do “board things” which means budgets, AGM planning, going over hiring and contracts, checking in with the working groups, and having a tiny bit of fun, too. The official song of this sprint is 2unlimited “Get Ready for This, but we made a playlist (see below). # ⚓ Penguicon_2021:_Artworks⠀⇛ Hey, it’s already the last day at Penguicon2021 virtual event, and I’m taking a little break between panels to post the artworks I made. [...] The workshop was about the character design of a Penguin Wizard. I put a focus on black&white character creation, shapes and iteration to play between the archetypes (a set of features so the audience can directly identify the character as a penguin and as a wizard without the necessity of dialogues or backstory about it) and what will bring a hint of originality to the result. I want to thank here the participant for submitting their ideas during the livestream: the goat horns, the sachel and the cup of tea. This constrains helped to create this grumpy short penguin wizard, probably specialist in beverage made with herbs. Here is a rendering I made of the character −codenamed “Pengalf”− developed during the workshop and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, so feel free to reuse it: # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU_Debugger_10.2_Is_Released⠀⇛ The GNU project has released another fine version of the GNU Debugger (gdb). This release is the second bug-fix release for GDB 10.0 released in September 2020. It does not contain any new features. gdb is a debugger that can handle programs written in C, C++, Go, Rust and a rather long list on other languages. It works on GNU/Linux, Windows and many other operating systems running on a variety of architectures ranging form x86-64 to ARM to RISC-V. GDB 10.2 is the second bug-fix release for the GDB 10.x branch released on September 13th, 2020. There are no new features in it, just bug-fixes. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Shaun_McCance:_Documentation_transforms_in JavaScript⠀⇛ Three weeks ago, I had a project idea while napping. I tried to forget it, but ended up prototyping it. Now I named it Hookbill and put it on GitLab. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ CY’s_Take_on_PWC#109⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ James_Baldwin:_The_Price_of_the_Ticket⠀⇛ o ⚓ Chasing_Ghosts,_The_Life_and_Art_of_Bill_Traylor⠀⇛ Pollard, who has collaborated with Spike Lee, is a brilliant, prolific producer and director of documentaries, including episodes of PBS’s 1990 landmark Civil Rights series Eyes on the Prize and its 2008 sequel; 2003’s Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin; 2017’s ACORN and the Firestorm plus Sammy Davis, Jr.: I’ve Gotta Be Me, which aired on PBS’ American Masters series; Discovery Channel’s 2019 Why We Hate series; et al. No stranger to the fine art realm, Pollard also helmed HBO’s 2021 Black Art: In the Absence of Light. In his 2008 documentary James Castle: Portrait of an Artist, Wolf documented another marginalized painter who’s outside of the rarefied art world’s mainstream because he’s deaf. In this candid interview conducted via conference call with the filmmakers speaking in New York, Pollard and Wolf discuss that Alabama original, Bill Traylor; whether white filmmakers should direct productions about Blacks; what the heck executive producers do, anyway; the cycle of features and documentaries about African American dissidents being surveilled by the government; the state of the documentary medium; upcoming projects; and more. o ⚓ The_Man_Who_Stole_the_Sun⠀⇛ The circumstances under which you watch a film invariably affect the experience. Watching Kazuhiko Hasegawa’s The Man Who Stole the Sun (1979) in the middle of America’s COVID-19 pandemic as well as the race protests certainly shaped how I viewed what is, at first glance, a critique of Japanese culture’s tendency to blindly obey. Written by an American ex-pat and directed by a Japanese rebel filmmaker, it is a fascinating cultural hybrid. The two perspectives elevate the film to a breezy, angry and universal meditation on power and obedience. The film follows Makoto Kido, a bored high school science teacher who seems to be sleepwalking through a lonely life in an overcrowded Tokyo. We first meet him with his face smashed against the window of an overflowing subway car. A bit of a Japanese Travis Bickle, one might say. Early on in the film we see him fiddling with an idea for what will eventually become his diabolical plan but based on the man’s lazy attitude, it feels like mere daydreaming. o ⚓ Security_Researcher_Dan_Kaminsky_Passes_Away⠀⇛ He is best known for his groundbreaking DNS cache- poisoning research that prompted an industry-wide scramble to address a major weakness in the way the web worked. o ⚓ [Old] An_Illustrated_Guide_to_the_Kaminsky_DNS_Vulnerability⠀⇛ The big security news of Summer 2008 has been Dan Kaminsky’s discovery of a serious vulnerability in DNS. This vulnerability could allow an attacker to redirect network clients to alternate servers of his own choosing, presumably for ill ends. This all led to a mad dash to patch DNS servers worldwide, and though there have been many writeups of just how the vulnerability manifests itself, we felt the need for one in far more detail. Hence, one of our Illustrated Guides. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Sanders_and_Warren_Urge_Biden_to_Expand_Medicare_in_the American_Families_Plan⠀⇛ # ⚓ Share_Vaccine_Recipes_With_Poor_During_Pandemic?_One_of World’s_Richest_Men_Bill_Gates_Says_‘No’⠀⇛ “Who appointed this billionaire head of global health?” asked one critic. “Oh yeah, he did.” # ⚓ Ag_Giant_Resisted_Efforts_to_Change_Toxic_Weed_Killer Formula_to_Protect_Profits⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sanders,_Warren_Lead_Call_for_Biden_to_Embrace_‘Historic’ Medicare_Expansion⠀⇛ “Lowering the Medicare eligibility age is not only the right thing to do from a public policy perspective,” stated a letter to Biden on Sunday, “it is also what the overwhelming majority of Americans support.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Vaccines_Must_Be_Treated_as_Public_Goods—Before It’s_Too_Late⠀⇛ As NGOs, UN agencies and the governments of less affluent states call for the suspension of patents, the stakes could not be higher. # ⚓ Here_Come_Hot_Desks_and_Zoom_Rooms._And_Holograms?⠀⇛ In some cases, personal desks are being replaced with “hoteling” workstations, also called hot desks, which can be used by whoever needs a place to touch down for a day. In the early months of the pandemic, when it was believed that the coronavirus was spread via contaminated surfaces, hot desks got a hard no from office users. But that stance has softened with the recognition that the virus is transmitted mainly through the air. Protocols for wiping down tabletops before and after use have become the norm. So has reserving a hot desk ahead of time rather than simply showing up and grabbing a free spot. Workers have often resisted the loss of their personal desks when companies sought to reduce their real estate footprint, but they may be more amenable to the idea now if the payoff is the ability to skip the commute and work from home. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ A_History_of_the_CIA_in_Congo⠀⇛ This article mainly concerns the DRC, which has a population of 91 million. With a GDP of just $50 billion a year and an extreme poverty rate of over 70 percent, it is one of the poorest nations on Earth. The infant mortality rate is 66 per 1,000 live births—one of the worst in the world, life expectancy is 60 years, and per 100k people maternal mortality is over 690. Conflicts from 1996 to the present, plus the resultant malnutrition and disease, have killed six million people. Like their Franco-Belgian predecessors, the main interest of U.S. imperialists in DRC, on which this article focuses is Katanga, the uranium- and coltan-rich, south-eastern region that borders Angola and Zambia. # ⚓ The_Armenian_Genocide,_in_History_and_Politics:_What_to Know⠀⇛ Mr. Biden was the first American president to make such an announcement, breaking with predecessors who did not wish to antagonize Turkey, a NATO ally and a strategically pivotal country straddling Europe and the Middle East. The announcement carries enormous symbolic weight, equating the anti-Armenian violence with atrocities on the scale of those committed in Nazi-occupied Europe, Cambodia and Rwanda. # ⚓ Knife_attacker_in_France_said_to_have_watched_jihadist videos⠀⇛ Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said the government would present a new law this week to toughen anti-terror measures, including increased use of computer algorithms to detect potential terror threats among [Internet] users. # ⚓ Paris-Area_Knife_Assailant_Viewed_Jihadist_Videos_Prior_to Attack,_Officials_Say⠀⇛ Ricard said France is working with investigators in Tunisia, where Gorchene returned to visit family near the coastal city of Sousse earlier this year. Ricard said Gorchene received French working papers last year as a delivery man but appeared to have lived illegally in France for a long period before that. Authorities are looking for other possible suspects or accomplices in the killing. Tunisia was among the biggest exporters of jihadists to places like Syria and Libya a few years ago. Tunisian authorities have condemned the Rambouillet attack. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Abuse_and_Lack_of_Transparency_Fuel_Vaccine_Mistrust_in_ICE Jails⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Homelessness_and_Extreme_Weather_Are_Converging_Climate Crises⠀⇛ # ⚓ Extractive_Companies_Privatize_Repression_and Counterinsurgency_in_the_Americas⠀⇛ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Scotty_From_Marketing’s_Hydrogen_Dream_Is_All_Hot Air._Here’s_Why.⠀⇛ If only solving the world’s looming energy crisis was as simple as putting out a press release. Geoff Russell explains why the hype over hydrogen isn’t going to cool a warming world. At least not yet, and not thanks to Australia. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Jeff_Bezos_and_Elon_Musk:_Uncaring_Billionaires Lost_in_Space⠀⇛ As earthly hazards grow—not just environmental menaces but also social instability related to growing inequality—escaping to Mars is not option for humanity. # ⚓ Musk’s_and_Bezos’s_Great_Escape⠀⇛ Musk’s SpaceX just won a $2.9 billion NASA contract to land astronauts on the moon, beating out Bezos. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Democratic_State_Legislatures_Seek_to_Expand_Voting_in_the South⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_When_A_Black_Woman_Speaks⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Much_Depends_on_Supreme_Court’s_Review_of_Dark Money_Case⠀⇛ The ruling could give a boost to untraceable campaign donations. # ⚓ Client_Profile:_Microsoft_Corp⠀⇛ $10,260,000 Total Lobbying Expenditures, 2019 # ⚓ White_House_‘standing_down’_emergency_response_groups_to SolarWinds,_Microsoft_[attacks]⠀⇛ The Biden administration is “standing down” coordinated efforts by several key agencies to respond to recent major cybersecurity incidents including the SolarWinds hack, a senior administration official announced Monday. Anne Neuberger, President Biden’s deputy national security advisor for cyber and emerging technology, said the two unified coordination groups (UCGs) that were convened to respond to both the SolarWinds hack and recently discovered vulnerabilities in Microsoft’s Exchange Server would be scaled back. # ⚓ Google,_Amazon_Spent_Millions_Lobbying_While_Facing Bipartisan_Scrutiny⠀⇛ Google spent $2.7 million on federal lobbying in the three months ending March 31, according to disclosures filed with Congress. That’s a 49% increase from the same period a year earlier, and comes as the company has been steadily increasing its Washington investments after a two-year decline. Global policy chief Karan Bhatia reorganized the Washington office when he took over in 2018. [...] Amazon boosted its lobbying spend by 11% in the quarter to $4.8 million, a company record and a reflection of the company’s sprawling business interests. The Seattle-based company said in its filing that it lobbied on a wide range of topics, from logistics to cloud-computing and a communications satellite program. # ⚓ Women_Are_Battling_China’s_Angry_Trolls._The_Trolls_Are Winning.⠀⇛ Women who express feminist views on social media have long been subjected to torrents of hateful comments. In China, not only do those views attract the attention of trolls, they can also lead to getting kicked off the platforms by furious users empowered by unlikely allies: the [Internet] companies themselves. Several prominent Chinese feminists have had their accounts deleted from Weibo in the last two weeks following public complaints. According to the women, at least 15 accounts have been removed. The women say it is part of a growing online campaign to stamp out feminist voices in a country where the government controls the [Internet] and social movements are swiftly cut down. Two of the women have filed lawsuits against Weibo. # ⚓ Alphabet’s_Wing_Seeks_Expanded_U.S._Drone_Flight Permissions⠀⇛ Wing wants to control its drone flights at a “central hub” from which the remote pilots can oversee operations without being in the aircraft’s operating area, the Federal Aviation Administration said Friday in a filing in the Federal Register. The company also wants to launch drones from multiple locations within an operating area, and get FAA permission to receive less frequent checks from the regulator, the filing said. The agency posted the requests without saying whether it will approve them. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Jimmy_Kimmel_gets_people_to_lie_about_having_already watched_the_2021_Oscars⠀⇛ One young man said he thought Jeffrey Epstein did a great job as host. “He tried to bring everyone together, he tried to forget and act like we were not wearing face masks, that we’re not going through a pandemic,” he said. He wasn’t a big fan of Epstein’s singing, though. “I’m more of like a Michael Jackson person and stuff like that,” he said. “You like Michael Jackson more than Jeffrey Epstein?” the producer confirmed. See, that’s why you do man-on-the-street interviews, for bizarre moments like that. In reality, the Oscars are still forthcoming. The 2021 Academy Awards takes place Sunday, April 25 beginning at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Not_a_Surprise,_But_Terrifying’:_At_India’s_Request, Twitter_Blocks_Posts_Critical_of_Modi_Covid_Response⠀⇛ “I’m sorry,” said one critic, “but Modi’s authoritarian government can go to hell if they dare to silence the true human suffering.” o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ European_Biotech_Patent_Law_Webinar⠀⇛ D Young & Co European Patent Attorneys Simon O’Brien and Jennifer O’Farrell will provide an essential update and live Q&A on EPO biotechnology case law. # ⚓ The_Federal_Circuit_Provides_New_Guidance_for_Patent Licensees_Wishing_to_Challenge_the_Licensed_Patent’s Validity⠀⇛ The Federal Circuit in Apple Inc. v. Qualcomm Incorporated handed down a decision on April 7, 2021 that provides guidance on the determination of standing for patent licensees who wish to contest the validity of a patent or patents in a licensed portfolio. The decision also provides further guidance to petitioners seeking appellate review after an unsuccessful validity challenge before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). More specifically, the recent decision by the Federal Circuit reaffirms the requirement that a patent licensee show a specific ascertainable injury in fact associated with the challenged patent in order to have standing to raise a validity challenge in an Article III court. The Court clarified that an ongoing payment obligation under a broad licensing agreement involving the challenged patent does not suffice as such an ascertainable injury. Rather, the patent licensee must establish that the invalidity of the challenged patent will directly affect ongoing payment obligations under a licensing agreement. The Court found that Apple did not prove that its contractual payment obligations under a licensing agreement would change if the challenged patents were held invalid, as would be required to prove an injury-in-fact. Accordingly, the Court found that Apple lacked standing and declined to address the merits of Apple’s invalidity arguments against the challenged patents in an appealed Inter Partes Review (IPR) decision. # ⚓ Of_Monopolies_and_Monocultures:_The_Intersection_of Patents_and_National_Security⠀⇛ Recent conversations about patent policy are increasingly incorporating themes of national security. In particular, the national security dimensions of “races” against technological superpowers such as China, in fields such as artificial intelligence (AI), fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications networks, and quantum computing, has given rise to a national dialogue on spurring domestic innovation, a dialogue into which patents naturally fit. As a result, national security has made a notable appearance in recent key patent policy situations, including the patent subject matter eligibility hearings in the Senate, the Apple–Qualcomm–Federal Trade Commission litigation over patents and antitrust, and the Verizon–Huawei patent licensing dispute. Many of these situations have given rise to an intuitively attractive though simplistic argument: If national security depends on rapid innovation and patents encourage innovation, then stronger patent protection enhances national security. This Article challenges this logic on the relationship between patents and national security, in particular by considering that relationship from the lens of competition. It first turns to history, reviewing several instances in which patent protection has clashed with national security interests. These historical instances, which include pre–World War I torpedo development, the birth of the aviation industry, and post-9/11 bioterrorism responses, demonstrate how the competition-suppressing effects of aggressive patent assertion can diminish national security. Second, this Article considers the effects of diminished competition on cybersecurity, a critical component of modern national security. Economic research shows that competition can enhance cybersecurity, and thus patent-based limits on competition can weaken cybersecurity, both by generating economic incentives to make more secure products and by preventing the formation of technology “monocultures.” These historical and contemporary competition considerations thus lend to policy that balance patent incentives and the value of competition to drive forward security-sensitive technological development. # ⚓ The_Supreme_Court’s_Chief_Justice_of_Intellectual Property_Law [Ed: Even the very title of this paper contains a meaningless propaganda term, not adhering to underlying facts]⠀⇛ Justice Clarence Thomas is one of the most recognizable members of the United States Supreme Court. Many people recall his stormy Senate confirmation hearing and notice his fiery dissenting opinions which call on the Court to reflect the original public meaning of the Constitution. Yet observers have missed one of Justice Thomas’s most significant contributions to the Court—his intellectual property law jurisprudence. Justice Thomas has authored more majority opinions in intellectual property cases than any other Justice in the Roberts Court era and now ranks as one of the most prolific authors of patent law opinions in the history of the Supreme Court. Thus, at a time when intellectual property has become one of America’s most important assets, Justice Thomas has played an important role in the evolution of America’s innovation law and policy. This article is the first to highlight the significance of Justice Thomas’s intellectual property jurisprudence. It considers how Justice Thomas emerged as the Roberts Court’s “chief justice” of intellectual property law, authoring more majority opinions than even colleagues known for their intellectual property law prowess. The article analyzes Justice Thomas’s key intellectual property opinions to understand their importance. It also highlights the distinguishing features of these opinions, including their faithful adherence to textualism, appreciation for the role of remedies, attention to technological and business context, awareness of the impact on intellectual property practitioners, and surprising unanimity. The article concludes that Justice Thomas’s deep respect for the constitutional separation of powers is at the heart of his intellectual property jurisprudence, as his opinions invite and sometimes nudge Congress to play its leading role in crafting intellectual property law. # ⚓ IP_protection_in_the_South-East_Asia_region_:_What_EU SMEs_should_know [Ed: Who wrote this utter nonsense? Many meaningless propaganda terms, misnomers, myths, and litigation-leaning marketing, not facts.]⠀⇛ Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the EU economy. They represent 99 % of all businesses in the EU, account for more than half of Europe’s gross domestic product (GDP) and employ about 100 million people . The positive association between economic performance and ownership of intellectual property rights (IPRs) is particularly strong for SMEs. [...] SMEs can benefit from IP protection and seize business opportunities globally if their IP portfolio is managed effectively. A strong IP strategy also helps SMEs attract funds from potential investors, enabling them to internationalise in emerging markets. According to a joint report between the EPO and the EUIPO in 2019 , IPR-intensive industries generated approximately 45 % of the total GDP in the EU, worth EUR 6.6 trillion. Those sectors also accounted for most of the EU’s trade with the rest of the world, comprising 96 % of goods exported from the EU. # ⚓ Aon’s_$400m_IP_fund;_Nokia_seals_major_Lenovo_deal; LG_touts_smartphone_patents;_Influential_senator’s USPTO_boss_red_lines;_Sony_IP_strategy_analysis;_and much_more⠀⇛ Nokia and Lenovo have agreed a multi-year, multi-technology, patent cross-licence deal that will also see the Chinese company make a net balancing payment. Read more here Apple has acquired at least 65 US patent assets from Panasonic, just weeks after picking up 24 more from the NPE Sun Patent Trust. Read more here In an exclusive interview with IAM, former USPTO head Andrei Iancu amplifies his message that the US needs a national innovation policy and that policymakers need to wake up to SEPs. Read more here # ⚓ IP_experts_say_Ottawa’s_proposed_regulations_could harm_their_business_and_drive_up_patent_costs_for domestic_innovators [Ed: Conflating patents with innovation. Also, there are no "IP" experts because you cannot be an expert in imaginary things or mere propaganda terms.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Patently_confusing:_Vt._businesswoman_testifies_on tricky_US_patent_system⠀⇛ A Vermont small business owner testified on Capitol Hill Wednesday about the nation’s slow and confusing patent process. Georgia Grace Edwards, the co-founder of SheFly in Middlebury, spoke to the Intellectual Property Subcommittee about issues the female-led company faced through the U.S. patent system. The Senate hearing was chaired by Vermont Sen. Patrick Leahy with an agenda of improving access and inclusivity in the U.S. patent system. SheFly makes outdoor pants with a specially made zipper to allow women to answer nature’s call without exposing their skin to the elements or other people. Edwards says the patent process is long, clunky and opaque. She said, at times, her company spent well over 50% of their revenue on legal assistance. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ AliveCor_aims_to_ban_sales_of_Apple smartwatches,_claiming_patent_infringement⠀⇛ Personal electrocardiogram maker AliveCor is seeking to ban U.S. sales of Apple Watches after claims that the tech giant infringed on its patented technology. The company announced this week it has filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission alleging that Apple breached patent laws on three of AliveCor’s patented devices. AliveCor asserts that Apple knowingly copied its patented technology in an effort to squash it as a market competitor. Filing the complaint “is one step, among others, AliveCor is taking to obtain relief for Apple’s intentional copying of AliveCor’s patented technology – including the ability to take an ECG reading on the Apple Watch, and to perform heart rate analysis – as well as Apple’s efforts to eliminate AliveCor as competition in the heart rate analysis market for the Apple Watch,” the company said in a statement. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ RIP:_The_Uncanny_Business_of_Dead_Celebrity Endorsements_on_Social_Media⠀⇛ The dead are more alive than ever. Thanks to social media and inherited ‘intellectual property rights,’ stars of the past enjoy digital immortality. Icons including Elvis, Marilyn Monroe, and John Lennon remain active on blue-checkmarked social media accounts that are often controlled by for-profit corporations, which don’t require a family tie to the deceased. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5065 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 64 seconds to (re)generate ⟲