𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, May 25, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Wed 26 May 02:40:14 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmZgMbdiExWxP7c57aLX2a9Ec5vgUmky4974qEhynvmfEp QmbA6BEDcLemCzV7fkGoG9SSgTMvpcDqcLtzr5Uvr3JzGx QmfJWKCSvnWiHsJUAJCjg36Kyfvj1byG19GxA3Eb5x9bWZ Qmd6hgQN6gsko5DWsxdXwkXX5VmBZjqgdwFNSeyRk8iEo8 QmQ18yUNqfXiMeHu1h8nZAKdHmDvLPQs6mLzvyuXvVgrDo Qme2zET7nsqftCZUhomdrJ2TcwdGxMXqHcFY9wq5d5xR6R QmVbFEyoei5EfBno6mfaV8Lg5vnzQcZXDoQmXzwLWXGUbD QmY1nEtvC6N6tNSxkwj8Tw653B51CPx3PDFFgdZ8WdY6uP QmWt3x2H4WRfgnXv4HyfLQiisS4rXUEFpzdGzbh1TRQ4oA Qmew4966U9C7FCWNj1HCAmZKk1jbzmXQndWRmDvMJrTEND QmcFVWPzMD3JnP4diPmMmw19yYB5ErxCrdPuguDUU6hAiL QmbnCShJZXXJukDvCagKTsgnyzFdQuxMqLAVLXGSbRVGT5 QmXcnXM8Zj4s5QxjD6VU5NMLXSvvM2fu7d1QmVLUzJgjke QmQw6BAgq355t94abDxdrxYaCXEPvBc2D3k4wiprvLkSKt QmRqXfi8o36Gsg6i8zzuNCDXg4gqBZGkxMpdQt9ANsPww4 QmURPdsG2w9HFAAQw7x6jrfds2W6h2f6J8zQattoNsHp3K QmaKVxxA7QfTq1wkvx5K9MCbvtv6r4hwnH6pbJF4HSnvsL QmXhBpXcrZwjc7VVdcE7wWLJf6JB9XGtQ4wccZ7H8uf6pe QmUyLfRYPkuyGP11DJBmMK41rBVonTevJdY8V6EukiwZSE QmWXXviQHmBWpZEeh21wmVrq8Jdw2SnGLjbSMT1txFbneS QmXEGvfJkUyZeSdojRxGv8mgaT1DtwxZFH2yt6fT9ukg9c ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ The EPO’s War on Justice and Assault on the Law - Part 19: Ladies and Gentlemen, Place Your Bets… | Techrights ⦿ Deciphering the EPO’s Media Strategy for Handling Its Illegal Practices, Which It Already Extends Until Next Year (Without Even Waiting for the Kangaroo Court’s Ruling) | Techrights ⦿ An Ode to Jeannine Hoppe and Nikolaus Obrovski | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, May 24, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ EPO Propaganda, Looking to Legitimise a Rigged Panel of Judges, Starts With Author Who Did Puff Pieces With António Campinos | Techrights ⦿ USPTO Promotes Microsoft Monopoly and Proprietary Software | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/bets-g121/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/enshrining-illegal-practices/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/epo-stacked-courts/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/irc-log-240521/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/max-propaganda/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/microsoft-uspto/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/libreoffice-7-2-alpha-1/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/magit-3-0/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 63 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/bets-g121/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/bets-g121/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_19:_Ladies_and Gentlemen,_Place_Your_Bets…⠀✐ Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Law, Patents at 1:34 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Previously in this series: * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_1:_Rumours_of_a Kangaroo_Court_at_EPOnia * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_2:_Just_Another Pro_Forma_Rubber-Stamping_Exercise? * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_3:_The_Current Line-up * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_4:_The_President of_the_Boards_of_Appeal * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_5:_Battistelli’s “Swedish_Chef” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_6:_The_Habermasian Who_Warned_About_“Legal_Anarchy” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_7:_Calle’s_Strange Metamorphosis * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_8:_The_Radical Student_“Brotherhood” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_9:_Squeezing_Out the_Lifeblood_of_Democracy? * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_10:_A_Faustian Pact? * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_11:_The_Rapporteur Who_Once_Was_Vice-President * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_12:_Internal Members:_Ingo_Beckedorf * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_13:_Internal Members:_Gunnar_Eliasson_and_Andrea_Ritzka * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_14:_Nemo_Iudex_in Causa_Sua? * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_15:_The_EBA_Letter of_8_December_2014 * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_16:_The_Mystery_of the_“Missing_Signatures” * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_17:_The_External Members:_Evangelos_Chatzikos_and_Richard_Arnold * The_EPO’s_War_on_Justice_and_Assault_on_the_Law_—_Part_18:_Promoting_the Illusion_of_Peace_and_Haar-mony * You are here ☞ Ladies and Gentlemen, Place Your Bets… 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Games begin⦈ What happens next is anybody’s guess, but don’t hold your breath… Summary: The EPO‘s BoA decision on G 1/21 seems to have already been made by virtue of stacking; but it’s not entirely impossible that following the removal of Beckedorf and Josefsson (it happened after writing this series) something surprising will happen At the time of writing, there has been no identifiable public reaction from the Enlarged Board of Appeal, except_this, to the myriad allegations of partiality which have been articulated in the IP blogosphere in connection with case no. G 1/21. Even the normally sanguine Thorsten Bausch, writing in the Kluwer Patent Blog, has been unable_to_hide_his_exasperation at Josefsson’s apparent contempt for a fundamental and time-honoured principle of natural justice – nemo_iudex_in causa_sua – according to which no person should be entrusted with the task of judging a case in which they have an interest. “Taking a pragmatic view, the only realistic strategy open to the Enlarged Board at this juncture seems to be the option that the Germans call “Flucht nach vorn” – a headlong rush forwards into the legal minefield in the hope of coming out on the other side in one piece.”Unfortunately, it seems that Josefsson is suffering from the widespread EPOnian ailment of “conflict-of- interest_blindness” when it comes to this rather delicate issue. To paraphrase Oscar_Wilde, having a Chairman who is under suspicion of partiality might be regarded as a misfortune; to have a panel with a majority of members tainted by such suspicion looks like downright carelessness. However, the fact of the matter is that, as the scheduled date for the hearing approaches, it becomes increasingly difficult for Josefsson and his panel to come up with a graceful_exit_strategy which would allow them to extricate themselves in a credible manner from the appalling legal mess of their own making. Taking a pragmatic view, the only realistic strategy open to the Enlarged Board at this juncture seems to be the option that the Germans call “Flucht nach vorn” – a headlong rush forwards into the legal minefield in the hope of coming out on the other side in one piece. “As things stand, it’s looking pretty much like a “slam dunk” for Josefsson.”Of course the Enlarged Board’s predicament is significantly eased by the fact that whatever course of action it decides to take, there is no higher review instance to point an admonishing finger at its errors. So even if the Enlarged Board decides to ride roughshod over fundamental legal principles and disregard its own internal rules for reasons of “political expediency”, nobody risks getting hauled over the coals for what – under “normal” non-EPOnian circumstances – might be considered to amount to serious judicial misconduct. As things stand, it’s looking pretty much like a “slam dunk” for Josefsson. Three of his internal members – van der Eijk, Eliasson and Ritza – are generally reputed to be managerially compliant “minions” who know their place and can be depended on to dance to the Chairman’s tune. The only internal member with a credible track-record of independence is Beckedorf whose role in the procedures G2301/15 (warning: epo.org link, hence surveillance risk) and G2301/16 (warning: epo.org link) demonstrated that he wasn’t always prepared to dance to the tune of his political masters when their wishes conflicted with his sense of professional ethics. “Three of his internal members – van der Eijk, Eliasson and Ritza – are generally reputed to be managerially compliant “minions” who know their place and can be depended on to dance to the Chairman’s tune.”But a lot of water has flowed under the Ludwigsbrücke near the EPO headquarters in Munich since those days. It remains to be seen whether or not Beckedorf proves himself able and willing to swim against the tide in the present case. To begin with he may have been chastened by his experiences during the proceedings in cases G2301/15 and G 2301/16 when he was reportedly faced with the threat of non‑reappointment by Benoît_Battistelli‘s protector, Jesper Kongstad. Beckedorf’s next reappointment (to take effect as of 2022) does not appear to have been decided yet. It is probably due to be decided later this year, most likely in June. That is likely to make him wary about trying to rock the boat too much between now and then. Apart from this, it has been rumoured that Beckedorf may harbour personal ambitions for a more senior position in the Boards of Appeal, for example as head of the Legal Board. Those are precisely the kind of considerations that tend to make a nominally independent judicial official more inclined to show deference to the whims of his political masters. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO and USPTO⦈ Josefsson and Beckedorf attending a Judicial Symposium in Tokyo in 2018 Last but not least, the significance of Rule_12d(3)_of_the_EPC (warning: epo.org link) cannot be ignored. The consequence of this Rule – which was introduced by Battistelli’s 2016 “reform” – is that Beckedorf, like all other internal members of the Enlarged Board, is dependent upon the goodwill of Josefsson to obtain a “positive opinion” on his reappointment. “Let’s not forget that Josefsson was re-appointed by the Administrative Council in December 2020 and he clearly plans to remain in charge at Haar until 2027 at least.”Under the given circumstances, we can conclude that Beckedorf is likely to be extremely reluctant to dirty his copybook with his Swedish overlord. Let’s not forget that Josefsson was re-appointed_by_the_Administrative_Council (warning: epo.org link) in December 2020 and he clearly plans to remain in charge at Haar until 2027 at least. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Arnold in costume⦈ Now that’s what Battistelli would call “a real judge”! The main potential for an upset in Josefsson’s “roadmap” for the referral case no. G 1/21 would appear to lie with the external members – the “real judges” as Battistelli would have called them. One commentator on IPKat put it like this back in_March: “It would be interesting if Mr. Arnold and/or Mr. Chatzikos were to refuse to take part in what, on the face of it, is a kangaroo court.” It would indeed be interesting if such a thing came to pass, but how likely is it? We know next to nothing about the Greek judge, Evangelos Chatzikos, or his attitude to “kangaroo courts”. Cynics will probably reply that coming from the Greek legal system he is unlikely to have much difficulty in accommodating himself to the legal “no-man’s_land” [PDF] of EPOnia. “It’s equally possible that Arnold might decide to take the easy option to “go with the flow” and trouser his € 1000 “petty cash” without asking too many questions.”On the face of things, it is the “external member” from the UK – Lord Justice Richard Arnold – who would appear to be the person most likely to object to the procedural shenanigans which have tainted the case so far. However, it is by no means certain that Arnold will object. Even if he felt motivated to do so, the fact of the matter is that, as long as he remains on his own in this regard, he is in the unenviable position of being outnumbered by six to one. It’s equally possible that Arnold might decide to take the easy option to “go with the flow” and trouser his € 1000 “petty cash” without asking too many questions. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Josefsson and Arnold⦈ Josefsson and Arnold at the 17th European Judges’ Symposium (Tallinn, September 2014). It also deserves to be noted that Josefsson and Arnold appear to be well- acquainted with each other on a professional level – as evidenced by the photographic record of the 17th European Judges’ Symposium which was held in Tallinn in September 2014. In the group photo of the event, the pair can be seen standing in close proximity to each other, with “Calle” grinning smugly like the proverbial “Cheshire_cat”. “What happens next seems to be anybody’s guess so – if you want to avoid a disappointment – don’t hold your breath!”So it’s quite possible that, for old time’s sake, Arnold might prefer to avoid any kind of professional showdown with his “learned_friend”_Josefsson. What happens next seems to be anybody’s guess so – if you want to avoid a disappointment – don’t hold your breath! That concludes our review of the current state of play in referral case G 1/21. A final summing-up will follow shortly. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⢻⣿⡿⠉⢻⣿⣯⠉⠙⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣾⣿⣷⠼⣿⠇⣤⡀⢻⣿⠀⡄⢹⠟⡀⠀⣿⡷⠀⣤⣉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⣡⡤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠻⣿⣶⠀⠙⠠⢶⡦⠀⠿⠠⢳⣀⣰⡇⢰⣿⠁⣠⡉⢠⣾⡏⢠⣤⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⢽⣶⡀⠉⣡⣨⠟⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣡⣀⡙⠻⢙⠛⣷⣄⠉⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠹⣿⠗⠀⠹⣿⠄⠙⣉⣠⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠙⠛⠿⡟⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣤⣙⠛⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣈⣷⣄⠀⢾⣿⡆⣀⣴⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠉⠉⠙⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⡀⢾⠆⢹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣠⡈⠙⢿⣿⡆⢈⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠺⡿⠀⣤⠞⠂⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⣶⡄⢉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⢀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⠊⢁⣄⠨⠳⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠐⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠈⠀⠐⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠙⠿⡴⠚⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣠⣄⡉⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢠⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⢠⣶⣿⣟⡦⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠒⣼⣿⣿⣷⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⡈⠀⢸⣇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠠⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡈⠿⠀⢻⣥⣴⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢀⣿⠀⣉⣧⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢀⡇⠀⣸⣿⡄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠒⠋⣉⣠⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣤⣄⣀⠉⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣼⡇⠀⣿⣿⣷⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢰⡇⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠐⠿⠟⢛⠃⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⢰⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢀⣿⡇⠀⣇⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⠟⢁⣴⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢈⠙⠛⠛⠛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣼⣿⣇⠀⢻⡄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠁⠀⣊⣉⣁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠆⠔⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠔⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⡀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠤⢀⡀⢀⣀⣤⣥⣔⣿⡆⣈⠻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠁⠀⠿⠿⠟⠟⠀⠈⠛⠁⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢬⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⡁⠞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣆⣅⡀⠁⠀⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⣤⡀⠘⢛⣻⡟⢻⠛⢏⠉⣁⣠⡙⠺⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠖⠃⡀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣷⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⠰⠀⠀⠋⣀⢬⣄⣼⣾⣾⣿⣿⣦⡈⢻⢯⠛⣋⣥⠠⠖⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣌⠒⢀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠚⡀⠀⢈⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡐⠦⡀⠈⣋⠍⣡⡤⢖⣉⣭⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣶⣾⠀⠀⢷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣛⣉⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣄⣤⣴⠆⠘⢿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢍⣶⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢚⠟⢉⡴⠀⠀⢘⢻⣡⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⢀⡾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠛⠛⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⠇⠊⠁⠀⠀⠀⢙⡛⡿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⠃⠀⠐⠈⢏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿ ⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠋⠀⠀⢀⣿⡴⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣧⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣇⣿⢻⡵⢀⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣾⡷⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿ ⡇⣤⡄⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢸⢗⣷⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣲⣾⣤⣰⡿⢁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸ ⣏⣿⣿⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⢶⣤⣴⣼⢸⣤⣤⣿⣿⣇⣀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢶⣾⡻⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠸⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠞⠒⠚⠺⠷⢿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⣿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣻⣾⣎⣄⣼⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠤⠤⡄⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣾⣾⣾⣽⣿⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⠶⢶⣶⡖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠤⠄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀ ⣲⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢹⣿⡿⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⢠⣤⣤⣼⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣭⣿⣒⣠⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠒⠲⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⢛⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣶⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠁⠙⠀⠐⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠶⢦⠒⢛⣁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠙⢻⠛⠛⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢁⠉⠉⢙⣻⣛⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣴⡄⠠⣴⡆⠀⢀⢸⣿⣿⡿⢰⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣀⠀⢠⡀⢠⣤⠀⣴⠀⣶⠀⣰⡆⢰⣆⢀⣿⡄⣼⡇⢠⣼⣿⣤⣾⡟⢶⣶⣿⠰⣾⣿⢰⣿⣷⣚⣿⡇⠀⢽⣿⣿⣿⡗⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢠⠀⡄⠀⣤⠀⣤⠀⡄⣤⠀⢰⡆⢠⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣤⣿⠠⣼⡇⢾⣿⢀⣿⣽⣿⠘⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⠹⣿⡇⠻⢿⣿⠸⢿⡿⠸⣿⡏⢹⣿⠃⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢰⣧⣷⢾⡆⣾⢸⡇⠀⣿⠐⣿⢸⡇⣿⠐⣾⡇⠸⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⣿⠀⣿⠃⢹⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣤⣿⣧⣼⣧⣤⣿⠅⣿⡇⠀⣿⡏⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⡟⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⡄⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⢻⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⠈⡇⢻⢸⠇⢸⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⢸⠁⡏⠀⣸⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⢹⠀⢸⣟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⠃⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠘⣿⡇⠀⣾⡇⢸⣿⠁⣾⡿⠀⠀⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⡇⢼⢸⡇⢸⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⡿⢸⠆⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣼⠀⢸⣏⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢀⣿⡧⠀⣿⡇⠰⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⢰⡏⢸⣿⣿⡇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⡇⢸⢸⡇⢸⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣾⠀⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣤⠀⣿⠁⣴⣿⡇⢠⣿⡇⣼⣿⢠⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⢸⣿⣿⡇⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡟ ⢠⡇⢸⢸⡇⢸⡇⡇⠀⣿⠀⡇⢸⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⠀⣼⡗⣼⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣏⢀⣿⣀⣿⣿⣥⣼⣿⣥⣽⣿⣼⣿⣧⣤⣾⣧⣼⣿⣿⡧⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛ ⠸⡇⢸⢸⡇⢸⡇⡧⠀⡿⠀⡇⠸⠀⠇⠀⠿⠄⠐⠿⠀⣿⣿⡿⠤⠼⠿⠴⠿⠴⠿⠷⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⡛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣇⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣤⡀⠀⢀⡀⣸⣿⣿⠀⣴⣶⣶⡦⣶⣶⣆⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⣤⠀⣴⡄⣴⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⡆⢠⡆⠀⣄⣰⣿⣿⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣷⢼⣿⢰⣿⡇⢰⣿⡇⢰⣿⣿⡇⢐⣿⡇⠀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿ ⡄⢠⣼⠀⠰⡇⢺⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⢠⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⠀⠒⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠸⡇⢨⣾⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠸⣿⡇⠰⣿⡇⢰⣿⣿⡇⠐⣿⡇⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿ ⠁⠀⢸⠀⢰⡇⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⡃⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⠈⢇⣺⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⠃⠸⣿⣇⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠇⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⡇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡆⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠸⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⣿⡗⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢱⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⡇⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⠠⢸⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⢠⣼⣿⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡏⢨⣿ ⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⡇⢻⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣇⠀⣿⠄⣿⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣽⣿⣀⣀⣿⣄⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠉⠀⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠉⠈⠉⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⣄⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⢸⠀⣼⡇⣽⠀⣿⢸⣿⡄⠶⡆⠀⠀⢸⠀⢽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣽⣿⡏⣿⡟⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⢹⣿⣏ ⠀⢸⠀⢻⡇⢻⠀⣿⢸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⢸⠀⣻⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡗⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⢽⣿⡏⢹⣿⡿ ⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⣾⠀⡿⢸⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠹⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣼⣿⡇⣸⣿⡇ ⠀⢸⠀⢸⡇⣿⠀⡇⢸⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⡇⢸⡏⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⡏⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⣸⠀⣸⡇⣿⢠⡇⢸⡇⠀⢸⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠇⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠇⣿⣿⠗⣿⣿⢸ ⠄⠻⠂⠻⠇⠿⠘⠗⠸⠇⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠁⣿⣿⣬⣿⣿⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣾⣇⣀⣸⣿⣿⣇⣼⣿⣀⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣸ ⡇⢠⣤⡄⠀⢠⡀⡀⠀⢀⠄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛ ⡇⢸⡏⡇⠀⢸⡆⡇⡇⢸⡀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣤⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢸⡗⡇⠀⢸⡇⡇⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠀⣷⢻⣿⣿⠀⣺⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⣾ ⣿⢸⡇⣷⠀⢸⡁⡇⡇⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠁⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠁⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⠇⢾⣿⣿⠀⣻⣿⣿⡃⣾⣿⣿⢰⣿ ⣻⢸⣿⣿⠀⢸⠁⡇⠃⢸⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⣽⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿ ⣼⢸⣿⣿⢰⢸⡆⡇⢦⢸⡀⢸⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠛⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿ ⠀⠈⠛⠋⠀⠘⠃⠃⠛⠘⠃⠘⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿ ⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⡇⣽⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿ ⢀⢀⠀⣴⠀⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣠⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿ ⢸⠸⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⢸⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⣿⠄⣠⣾⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣤⣤⠀⢀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀ ⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠙⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⠀⣿⠀⢀⣾⠀⠠ ⢰⠀⠀⡇⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢾⣿⠀⣿⠁⢽⣿⠀⣸ ⠛⠐⠀⠛⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢺⣿⠀⣿⠀⢤⣟⠀⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⠀⣿⠀⣬⡟⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠶⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠸⣇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⢴⠄⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⣼⡇⠀⣏⠀⣿⡇⠀⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡀⣀⣉⣀⢘⡃⠀⡆⠀⠿⠆⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣇⢰⡷⠀⣿⡇⠀⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠐⠒⠒⢺⣿⣿⡷⢦⣽⣯⣈⣍⡀⠙⠇⠀⠺ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠈⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛ ⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⡆⠀⢈⠀⠘⠃⠀⢸⠀⢘⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣟⠀⠸⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⣀⡀ ⠸⠄⢰⠀⠀⡀⠀⣠⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣴⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡏⠀⢰⣿⠀⢀⡆⠀⣤⠀⢠⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠘⣿⠀⠈⠃⠀⡟⠀⢈⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⡇⠀⠘⡟⠀⠘⡇⠀⣇⠀⢠⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡄⠀⢠⠀⠀⡄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠘⠃⠀⠸⠁⠀⡇⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠠⠤⠀⠀⣈⣃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢷⠀⢘⠀⠀⠂⠀⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⢸⢸⡇⠀⠀⠆⠀⢰⠆⢈⡅⠀⢘⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣍⣉⠉⠀⠊⠀⠰⣦⣤⣤⣀⣉⠀⠀⠘⢸⣇⡀⠠⡇⠀⢰⡄⠘⡇⠀⢸⣯ 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⣿⡿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠏⢀⣶⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣽⡇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠄⠄⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⠄⠀⠙⠓⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠰⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠿⢿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⡇⠛⠙⠀⠀⣿⡇⢀⣴⡿⠋⣄⣻⡿⠿⣿⣛⣟⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠙⢿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛ ⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⣀⡸⢿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⣿⣷⡿⠋⠀⠘⢡⣦⣂⣲⡶⠄⠉⠻⠷⠆⠀⠘⠿⠶⣽⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠛⠛⣛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠘⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡆⡆⠀⠆⠀⢀⣿⡿⠁⠀⠐⠂⠊⠙⠒⣿⣧⣠⣠⣤⣶⣶⣶⣆⠘⣧⠀⠙⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣎⠁⣀⠈⣿⢁⣰⣄⣨⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣻⠃⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡼⢿⣿⣿⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠹⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⠋⢿⣯⣛⣡⣿⠿⢿⣁⠀⠘⠃⠀ ⠉⠉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣧⡀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣦⠒⠿⣿⢛⣽⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢷⣄⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⢀⣴⠿⠁⢸⡇⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⣩⣿⣯⣭⣿⢻⣿⡿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣄⠀⣀⠀⠀⣸⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠸⣧⠀⠀⣴⣷⣄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⡏⠀⢀⣿⠃⠀⠀⢰⣿⣧⣤⢠⣌⣉⣉⣁⡀⡰⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡆⠀⠈⠙⢿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡥⠿⠁⠀⣸⠏⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣏⣰⡹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠌⣀⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⣯⣝⣻⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⡄⠀⠀⠈⠉⣿⣿⣟⠛⢛⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣴⡟⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⡟⣼⣿⣷⡤ ⣿⣷⣶⡦⠿⠿⠤⠤⠤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣦⡀⠀⠀⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡟⠀⢀⣴⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠹⠟⠉⠉⠈⠉⠹⠷⢿⣿⣿⣸⠿⠇⠀⠀ ⡿⢋⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣦⡀⣹⡎⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⣰⣶⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⡍⢠⠁⠀⡀ ⣿⣿⡔⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⡀⡀⢰⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠈⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⢟⣤⣴⡒⡶⠆⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣍⠈⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣈⣠⣴⣿⠇⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⢰⡶⠶⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⢟⣿⠋⣁⣀⣀⣤⣤⣦⣈⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣽⣿⢷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠘⡇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⢸⡇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠇⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢀⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⡦⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡇⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢻⣇⡄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣏⣹⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣩⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣇⣠⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣦⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⣀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣯⣿⣟⡉⠻⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠹⡇⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⢿⣽⣿⣷⣆⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣏⠁⠀⡘⠛⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⠆⠐⠓⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⡌⠀⢹⣶⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣾⣿⠏⢉⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠥⠄⢀⠐⠊⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⡀⠄⡀⠙⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⡄⠷⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠆⠀⠐⠀⣬⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⠄⢀⡘⠃⢠⣽⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢠⡘⡞⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠰⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡀⠘⣡⣾⣷⣴⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⣠⣿⣿⣧⣤⣆⡈⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢺⢷⢂⠀⠀⠅⡀⣤⣀⣴⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢉⣾⣿⣷⣤⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢨⡿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣀⣨⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠛⠿⠃⠠⠆⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⠋⢠⡄⠉⣤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣈⠐⠃⠘⢁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠠⡄⣠⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 499 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/enshrining-illegal-practices/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/enshrining-illegal-practices/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Deciphering_the_EPO’s_Media_Strategy_for_Handling_Its_Illegal_Practices, Which_It_Already_Extends_Until_Next_Year_(Without_Even_Waiting_for_the_Kangaroo Court’s_Ruling)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 4:19 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/epo-extends-vico-rules.webm Summary: The EPO‘s communications strategy for handling G 1/21 (kangaroo court to approve EPC and GDPR_violations) will be interesting; the management is already extending this illegal practice until next year, without bothering to see the legal ramifications or assessment to be composed by Wim Van der Eijk, a former Vice-President at the EPO itself (another conflict of interest) This morning we saw in “Mondaq News [sic] Alerts” that prominent proponents of patents on life and nature (they profit from litigation in that area, hence they’re patent maximalists out of convenience or financial self-interest) taking_note of EPO_‘news’ (warning: epo.org link) — an issue that was mentioned the other day because it indicates that EPO management already knows the outcome of G 1/21. Incidentally, there’s a Wikipedia entry about G 1/21 (last updated yesterday) that says: “G 1/21 is a referral under Article 112(1)(a) EPC pending before the Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) relating to the legality of holding oral proceedings at the EPO by videoconference without the consent of the parties.” Also, worth mentioning is the fact all the edits are from_this_user (“Edcolins”) who edits extensively articles about European patent cases, including articles about European_software_patents and software patents in general. Among the articles edited: Alison Brimelow, António Campinos, Christoph Ernst, Roland Grossenbacher, Francis Gurry, Kurt Haertel, Carl Josefsson (judge), Jesper Kongstad, Peter Messerli, Alain Pompidou, Dieter Stauder, Joseph Straus, Wim Van der Eijk, and Georges Vianès…” The complete history of the G 1/21 entry: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇edcolins-g121⦈_ The same for António_Campinos: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇edcolins-edits-campinos⦈_ Among many more, written almost exclusively by this one person with barely any mention of criticisms, just official narratives with all the sources being EPO- friendly (of funded, connected). The EPO’s management is extending an illegal practice as if they already know the outcome of the case instead of waiting until it is finished. The opinions expressed_here show that they’re fooling almost nobody. The video above also mentions this_new_article from Christine G. Espino Fangli Chen and (Proskauer Rose LLP), copied by National Law Review, and mentioned last night in Daily Links. Proskauer Rose LLP has a stake in the outcome, so this isn’t journalism; we have been critical of them spreading falsehoods over the years and media being so one-sided that it’s shamelessly treating litigation profiteers as objective assessors of the situation. Those are the same publications/publishers that always went ‘soft’ on Benoît_Battistelli. He served their agenda. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⡭⢿⡍⡟⡭⣩⢹⣻⡍⢹⠛⡛⢋⡟⠏⢛⠛⣻⡏⣻⠙⢛⡛⣛⣛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣗⣒⣛⣒⣚⣒⣒⣚⣚⣒⣓⣒⣓⣓⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⣚⣒⣒⣊⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣯⣌⣭⣯⣍⣹⣌⣽⣯⣬⣯⣉⣉⣿⣭⣩⣥⣤⣭⣧⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣝⣻⡏⡏⠉⠋⢋⡟⠋⡙⠙⠉⠛⠉⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡟⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠛⢛⠛⠛⢻⢿⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣗⣒⣒⣚⣓⣚⣓⣒⣒⣚⣛⣚⣒⣓⣒⣚⣒⣒⣓⣒⣚⣓⣒⣓⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣒⣒⣚⣒⣒⣒⣓⣂⣛⣒⣒⣚⣛⣒⣂⣒⣓⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣛⣓⣂⣒⣚⣒⣒⣚⣛⣚⣒⣓⣒⣒⣚⣚⣓⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣧⣩⣾⣈⣈⣧⣅⣵⣨⣂⣹⣇⣕⣈⣸⣪⣀⣪⣼⣏⣇⣠⣹⣪⣼⣖⣸⣢⣀⣉⣗⣺⣽⣅⣉⣇⣺⣧⣊⣎⣀⣨⣆⣧⣅⣀⣽⣩⣨⣹⣽⣠⣨⣧⣨⣪⣹⣦⣠⣇⣈⣽⣀⣑⣧⣭⣹⣺⣀⣢⣼⣨⣁⣭⣶⣉⣌ ⣿⣗⣉⣩⣸⣭⣏⣀⣈⣩⣉⣉⣉⣧⣍⣉⣹⣉⣩⣍⣩⣸⣩⣉⣉⣉⣹⣯⣉⣉⣉⣺⣭⣏⣨⣌⣩⣉⣍⣉⣇⣉⣭⣽⣩⣍⣉⣉⣀⣍⣹⣩⣉⣉⣉⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣩⣏⣹⣉⣹⣍⣩⣏⣁⣍⣯⣽⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣨⣹⣩⣿⣹⣋⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣁⣉⣉⣋⣉⣭⣋⡉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣯⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⣭⡭⣭⡭⣭⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⣭⣭⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠧⠥⠤⠤⠠⠤⠦⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠧⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠟⡿⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⡟⢻⡟⠛⠟⠛⢿⡛⠻⠻⠻⠿⡟⠛⠛⢻⡟⠻⠿⠿⠟⠻⠟⡟⠻⠛⢿⡿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠿⢻⠿⢿⣿⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠻⡻⠟⣻⣿⣿⠛⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠟⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⡗⠶⠖⠗⠳⠾⡖⢓⢻⠿⠷⠾⠷⠶⠶⠶⡾⠶⠿⠾⠶⠞⠷⠶⠶⠾⢷⠾⠶⠶⠶⢲⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣗⣚⣒⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⡚⢒⣒⣒⣒⣓⣚⣒⣓⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⣒⣐⣒⡚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣭⡇⠠⠁⠆⠇⠥⠠⠄⠤⠼⠿⠿⠇⠗⠤⠀⠸⠀⠸⠬⠄⠠⠇⠄⠰⠸⠇⠀⠄⠨⠀⠀⠇⠀⠄⠸⠯⠂⠀⠀⠀⠅⠸⠹⠹⠂⠁⠄⠄⠇⠌⠀⠀⠸⠨⠔⠀⠤⠿⠹⠠⠠⠤⠀⠀⠤⠁⠸⠀⠤⠀⠈⠽⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣛⡏⢛⠟⡏⡟⣛⢛⡛⡏⣹⣿⣿⡏⡏⡏⠉⣿⠍⢹⣟⠛⢛⡏⡋⢹⢹⡏⠙⠙⢛⠙⠛⡯⠙⠋⢻⡟⠛⠛⠙⠉⠛⢹⢿⢿⡏⠏⠉⡏⡏⡛⠙⠛⢽⢙⡫⠉⣿⣿⢿⣙⢛⢛⠛⠋⣙⠛⢹⠹⢛⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⡟⠿⡿⡟⡿⠿⠿⠿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣟⡟⡿⠟⣿⡻⢻⡿⡿⠿⡟⠟⣻⢻⡟⠻⠿⠿⠻⠿⡟⠿⠟⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⡟⠟⡟⡟⠿⠿⠿⣻⠻⢿⢻⠟⠻⢻⢿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣶⡷⣶⠶⠧⡷⡾⠶⢷⢷⡾⠿⢿⠷⡷⢷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣽⣷⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣧⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣦⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣦⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡒⠖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡏⢹⢛⣛⢋⢟⠋⣟⢻⢫⣭⠛⢛⠛⢛⠋⢛⠛⡛⢻⣻⡭⢹⠛⠻⣻⠛⠹⡛⢛⣿⢙⣻⠛⠛⡛⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣚⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣓⣒⣒⣒⣒⣐⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣚⣒⣒⣒⣓⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣚⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣤⣭⣽⣬⣩⣧⣥⣧⣭⣏⣭⣨⣷⣥⣭⣥⣤⣭⣧⣅⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣸⣀⣉⣉⣍⣍⣉⣍⣙⣉⣩⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⣛⠛⣟⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡻⠛⢛⠛⠻⠛⣏⣉⣉⣭⣉⣉⡟⣟⢛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⣻⠟⠛⢻⣻⡛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣟⣟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣟⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠭⠭⡭⡭⣭⠭⠭⠭⡭⢭⠭⠭⢭⢭⢭⠭⠭⢭⡭⠭⠭⢭⠭⡭⠭⡭⠭⠭⢭⠭⣭⠭⠭⢭⢭⡭⠭⢥⠭⢭⠭⡭⡭⠭⣥⠭⠭⡭⠭⠭⠭⠭⡭⠭⡭⠬⠭⡭⣭⢭⠭⢭⣭⢭⢭⠭⠭⢭⠭⠭⠭⢭⠭⠭⡭⠭ ⣿⣿⠶⡶⠷⠶⣼⣶⠶⠶⠶⢿⠶⡶⡶⠾⠶⣶⠶⢾⠷⡶⠶⡶⣶⡷⠶⠷⡶⣶⡾⢶⣷⡷⠶⢾⠶⡷⡶⠿⣷⣶⣷⡿⡶⠶⠼⡶⡶⡷⠶⣦⣶⣶⡦⣶⢿⠶⢶⠾⡼⡶⡷⠾⡶⡾⢾⠶⢶⢾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣼⣷⣾ ⣿⣿⣤⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣼⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⡋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠋⡟⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣬⣭⣉⣉⣡⣭⣭⣭⣉⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣭⣭⣭⣉⣉⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣽⣈⣊⣹⣸⣈⣍⣑⣽⣿⣧⣤⣗⣃⣭⣀⣹⣰⣡⣉⣄⣇⣐⣀⣨⣇⣀⣨⣁⣉⣈⣁⣥⣉⣨⣇⣕⣨⣀⣁⣈⣁⣇⣉⣿⣻⣀⣃⣀⣀⣇⣡⣀⣉⣅⣭⣂⣸⣛⣇⣭⣈⣁⣹⣀⣀⣈⣈⣁⣇⣁⣁⣕⣍⣅ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠉⠣⡀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣻⠛⠛⢛⢹⠛⠛⠋⣋⢉⣿⣿⡯⠏⠛⠉⢻⠉⠛⠋⢻⠙⠉⠏⣿⠉⠙⠛⠉⠛⠋⠙⠋⢻⠛⠛⠛⠙⠙⠋⣻⠿⡏⠙⠍⠙⢹⠙⠋⠛⠋⡯⢛⠙⠉⣿⢿⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⠙⠛⡛⠛⠛⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢻⠿⠿⢟⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⢛⣿⠻⡿⠿⢿⠻⢛⡟⣿⠛⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⠟⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢿⣿⣿⡟⢻⡛⢻⣻⠻⠿⠿⠿⣟⠿⢻⠻⣿⣿⣿⡻⠟⠟⠿⢿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢻⣻⠿⠿⠟⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⢾⣶⣶⡶⡿⢾⣿⣿⣷⡶⣿⡶⣿⢶⣶⣾⣾⢶⠶⡶⣿⠶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⡷⢶⡶⢶⢾⢶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⢾⣿⣿⣿⣾⢷⣶⣶⣷⢾⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣼⣤⣬⣼⣼⣤⣤⣴⣷⣴⣿⣿⣯⣭⣧⣬⣿⣭⣥⣴⣼⣤⣬⣥⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣬⣿⣿⣧⣭⣦⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣯⣴⣼⣥⣿⣿⣽⣮⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣯⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣹⣉⣙⣹⢹⣉⣉⣩⣇⣨⣿⣿⣏⣉⣟⣉⣿⣙⣹⣉⣩⣉⣩⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣋⣿⣉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣿⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣹⠏⢹⣻⣏⣉⣋⣉⣹⣉⢋⣉⣉⣏⣹⣟⣿⣋⣉⣉⣏⣉⣏⣉⢋⣍⣉⣉⣉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣋⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⠛⠻⢻⢻⠛⠛⢟⡟⢙⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⠻⢻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⡟⠛⠻⢻⡟⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠟⠻⡛⡛⠛⢻⡟⠻⢿⢿⠛⠟⠛⠛⡟⢛⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⡿⣟⠛⠛⢻⠻⢛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢾⠿⠿⡿⡿⠻⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡷⢶⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠾⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡾⠿⠿⠷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣾⣼⣶⣶⣾⣷⢾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣧⣤⣾⣾⣷⣴⣶⣶⣷⣼⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣽⣭⣏⣽⣸⣨⣍⣕⣧⣤⣿⣿⣧⣄⣥⣄⣿⣾⣼⣤⣥⣧⣨⣠⣇⣅⣾⣼⣇⣀⣕⣠⣴⣨⣤⣭⣬⣿⣕⣪⣤⣤⣪⣽⣿⣿⣀⣬⣀⣆⣧⣍⣬⣅⣸⣪⣅⣅⣸⣿⣇⣭⣵⣡⣠⣔⣤⣌⣥⣄⣭⣤⣈⣤⣄ ⣿⣿⣿⣻⣛⡿⣻⢹⢙⡛⡫⣏⣈⣿⣿⣏⣉⣯⡉⣿⢽⣹⣉⢋⡟⢙⢙⡏⡋⣽⣹⡏⠉⡫⠉⢉⢛⣉⡛⣙⣿⡫⢝⡋⣋⠝⣻⣿⣿⠉⢹⡉⡉⡏⡛⣙⠋⢹⢙⣋⡉⡉⢽⣿⣟⡉⡛⠙⣋⢋⣉⠛⣹⡟⣛⢙⡋⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⢻⠿⠿⢟⡟⠛⣿⣿⡟⠛⣟⠛⣿⣻⢻⠛⠟⡿⠻⠿⡟⢟⣻⢻⡟⠛⢿⠛⠛⠿⠛⠿⠻⣿⢿⡿⠟⠟⡿⢿⣿⣿⠛⢻⢛⡛⡟⠿⠻⠟⢻⠻⠟⠛⠟⣻⣿⡿⡛⠿⣻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⢾⣾⣷⡶⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⡷⣷⠶⣿⢾⢿⠷⡾⣷⢾⣶⡷⡷⢶⢾⡷⡶⡷⡶⡾⡾⠿⣷⠿⣿⢷⠾⣷⢿⣶⣿⡷⢿⡶⠾⢾⢷⡷⣷⡶⡶⣾⢾⠿⢷⣷⣾⠾⡿⡷⣾⢾⣾⢶⣷⣿⡶⢿⣶⣷⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣭⡾⣼⣴⠦⣬⣷⡶⣿⣿⢯⣭⢶⣤⣿⣽⣼⣦⣴⣦⣴⣤⣧⣮⣭⣼⣯⣵⣦⣧⣦⣧⣥⣶⣧⣶⣼⣤⣴⣬⣿⣽⣧⣽⣦⣴⣼⣴⣤⣤⣤⣯⣶⣴⣬⣾⣿⣽⣴⣦⣴⣤⣾⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣴ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣦⣴⣾⣿⣤⣼⣤⣤⣦⣦⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣹⣉⣙⣹⣸⣉⣉⣑⣧⣠⣿⣿⣏⣁⣭⣐⣻⣈⣋⣩⣹⣈⣐⣇⣿⣀⣉⣉⣀⣉⣉⣉⣁⣹⣏⣉⣉⣩⣈⣙⣿⣿⣇⣘⣟⣙⣸⣈⣉⣉⣉⣇⣭⣈⣘⣀⣟⣿⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣻⣍⣩⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⠛⠻⢻⢹⠛⠛⢋⣏⢙⣿⣿⡯⠋⠿⠋⢿⠙⠟⢛⢻⠙⠩⡏⣿⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⢛⠛⠻⣿⠛⡿⣿⣟⠉⡏⡏⠛⠛⠛⢻⢟⡋⣿⢿⣿⠛⠛⠛⢛⠋⡛⠋⡯⢿⡛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢻⠿⠿⠿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⢟⢿⠟⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡻⢛⡟⣿⠛⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⢻⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢻⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠾⠶⠶⠾⠼⠶⠶⠾⠿⠾⠿⠿⠷⠶⠷⠶⠾⠶⠶⠾⠾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣦⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⡋⠙⠛⠛⠛⢛⢻⠛⠋⠛⠋⠛⠋⡟⠛⢋⠙⠙⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 644 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/epo-stacked-courts/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/epo-stacked-courts/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ An_Ode_to_Jeannine_Hoppe_and_Nikolaus_Obrovski⠀✐ Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Law, Patents at 5:18 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Tell me again how you stack courts... Then Josefsson was deposed⦈ Summary: When judges reinvent themselves as agents of misinformation TAX-free PR Based in Haar Come to the bar Justice we mar The boss and his minion Submit an opinion To the Haar dominion EPO‘s pinion Software_patents_OK There’s no other way G 1/21 in May The externals we pay Obrovski arrives at the scene The narrative war he will win Hoppe, where have you been? We don’t mean to sound mean ‘Journalists’ on sale for a dime PC they’ve covered with slime Irish judge defamed time after time Jana_Mittermaier's_skills so sublime 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Hoppe, Obrovski, and Josefsson⦈ Stockholm syndrome for a paycheck Imprisoned by the_Czech Morality they lack But hey, what the heck? Money comes first From think tanks it will burst PR can never rest Techrights is such a pest █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⢤⡄⢁⣨⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠙ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣨⠊⢱⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠜⠕⡵⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⡇⡿⢸⡇⡿⡟⣿⣾⣧⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢟⣿⡻⣛⢿⣿⡿⣭⡭⠿⣿⣧⣯⣟⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⢹⢻⢾⣴⣾⣏⢿⡿⣽⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣗⣓⡿⣿⢾⣯⢿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣜⣞⣼⣏⣿⣼⣸⣃⣧⡏⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⡆⣿⢸⣻⢸⢛⣻⣿⢻⣾⠿⣵⣷⢹⣿⢹⣿⢭⡭⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠔⠒⠋⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣯⣬⣬⣿⣼⣽⣾⣿⣟⣻⣿⡻⢿⣾⣿⢸⡇⣝⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣨⡄⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⠟⢀⣾⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⣁⣤⣀⡉⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⠿⣿⣧⣿⣿⠏⠀⠾⠛⢉⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⣁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣩⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡏⢀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⢿⡷⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣙⠿⡟⠁⡼⠙⠛⠀⠙⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠇⡇⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⢸⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠀⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠌⢀⠏⣼⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠂⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠀⡟⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠸⡼⢀⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⡼⠁⣼⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⢰⢸⠀⡄⢠⠀⢠⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⡿⠁⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣸⠉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⡟⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠛⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣮⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣽⡿⣻⣿⣿⡿⠾⠟⡱⠿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠃⠀⠐⠁⠀⠠⠀⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠎⢰⡏⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢀⣸⣿⣿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⡘⢀⡿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⠏⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠁⡘⡼⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢀⡀⣀⣀⢀⡀⢀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢀⣸⢿⢿⣿⠟⢀⣃⠀⢀⡀⣀⠀⢀⡀⣀⡀⣀⠈⣀⡱⠁⣘⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣟⡿⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⢹⣿⢹⣿⣼⡇⣿⣏⢸⣷⣿⡇⠀⣿⣷⣿⢹⡇⣿⣝⠃⣿⣏⢸⣿⡙⣿⣙⠃⣿⣝⠃⣿⣿⣷⢸⣧⣿⠀⢸⣧⣿⣇⣿⢸⡿⣧⢸⣯⡛⣼⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣋⢸⣏⣿⢸⡏⣿⢸⣯⡛⢸⣿⡉⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⣏⢸⡿⣿⡇⢀⣿⡿⣿⣸⡇⣾⣹⡇⣿⣏⣸⣿⠁⣾⣻⡇⣾⣹⡧⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⠀⠘⣿⡟⣿⣿⣸⡷⣿⢰⣟⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣉⢸⡏⣭⢸⣇⣿⢰⣟⣿⣾⣿⣁⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠉⠈⢁⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠈⢩⡁⠉⠉⢭⣭⣦⣩⣭⠕⠈⠉⡅⠈⠉⠁⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠉⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠉⠉⢩⣽⣿⣿⣭⣭⣶⣭⣭⣾⣷⣿⣿⣭⣽⣷⣭⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⡾⢿⣛⡩⢾⣟⡋⢛⣁⡉⢃⣀⡀⠘⠋⠘⠉⠣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣸⡇⢛⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠈⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠉⢸⣿⠋⢸⣿⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⡎⠉⠉⠁⠉⠛⠉⠈⠉⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣧⣄⣈⣷⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠿⣦⣠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⣀⡐⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⢀⣾⣿⡇⡿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⣦⣤⣀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣾⣿⣿⡇⡅⠀⠀⣀⣠⣀⣀⣐⣶⣒⣴⣶⠄⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠚⠺⡟⠛⠻⠿⠷⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⢀⣀⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣤⣴⠤⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠠⣴⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠟⢿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠛⠻⡇⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣯⣽⣿⣦⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣯⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣷⣴⣾⣤⣆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⡽⢋⣿⢧⣀⣀⣀⠙⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢋⣀⣤⠶⠖⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠠⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡿⠟⠀⠀⠰⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡯⢍⣵⣾⣿⣿⣋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⡟⠁⣼⣿⡉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠁⠈⠁⢀⣀⡀⠠⠴⠆⠀⢐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡗⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⢰⣿⣿⣧⡸⠛⠿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢰⣿⡿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⠇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⡿⠹⠀⠀⢱⣴⣆⣀⣠⡴⠀⠀⠀⠙⠓⢢⣤⣤⣤⣭⣿⣿⣏⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣀⣴⣶⠀⡿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⣀⣀⣠⣤⡌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣾⣿⠿⢿⢀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⣛⣛⣛⡛⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢠⣦⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⢀⣦⣶⣶⣿⡷⣾⣸⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣿⣿⣧⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣍⡉⠁⠁⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⡄⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣊⠀⢻⣿⣾⣿⡿⠟⣠⣀⣸⣿⢇⣂⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣧⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢻⣿⣦⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⠠⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⡄⠘⠲⠤⠔⠊⠁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠿⣶⡦⠿⠿⣻⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⣀⢀⡀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣷⣖⣚⣓⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣩⣿⠇⠀⢠⠄⢈⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣟⢻⣯⣽⣯⣹⣿⡓⣿⣟⢸⣿⣷⣿⣾⡇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⢐⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢸⣿⡧⠿⠻⢿⠟⠿⡽⠿⠷⠾⢷⡼⣿⠟⢿⡿⠸⣿⠟⠿⠿⠇⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣯⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 786 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/irc-log-240521/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/irc-log-240521/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_May_24,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:04 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmPujuQmDatDxzQaizLtsR4UAp32YgC5cXjDLdDeNpmJ2R #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  Qmb82p4Cmsjfqfnpvb2gB7GxymdAa4Gq15v25xEcfzYDq2 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmbuyzyoMvxwwqTGu5nCn646QcHiJMcE53SwtW8vXB9FKh social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPEfnJ4xsfNtZBytd6QtK4n9xQeG28zdotnBjuzP1PheG social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmRvoDWhafa7oTj3Rrw4A9kitdRbUXwvWLzNXDDwryR6Dp #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  Qmdu1K6JGYTDC2aBUEBupvyuTfMyXWkiRm1DwPgD9wjnwY (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmd18Ee7u2SBfVJ817cXPiQcD2ASNVJeykuToMd1Wx5KQs #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmUvKBvMQMBJc7v8rRjAPg6SvYwkqNkh3Gt3EfpFVXaxqM (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmXEGvfJkUyZeSdojRxGv8mgaT1DtwxZFH2yt6fT9ukg9c ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 900 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/max-propaganda/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/max-propaganda/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ EPO_Propaganda,_Looking_to_Legitimise_a_Rigged_Panel_of_Judges,_Starts_With Author_Who_Did_Puff_Pieces_With_António_Campinos⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 11:33 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/managing-ip-as-epo-propaganda.webm Summary: Managing Intellectual Property [sic] (Managing IP) shames itself by reaffirming its status as mouthpiece for the litigation industry and for EPO management; there’s no sense of shame in these so-called ‘journalists’ THE propaganda machine takes it up a gear 3 days before the big case (G 1/21) commences. It’s G_1/19_all_over_again. Truth and justice are ‘collateral damage’ because money is on the side of lies, injustice, and abuse. The so-called ‘journalists’ who have been grooming António_Campinos (to shape the narrative and set the tone, portraying him as some sort of nice person just by virtue of getting many publishers to say so at the same time) have apparently kicked off the EPO‘s latest propaganda war. The hacks from this EPO mouthpiece, Managing IP (and specifically the person who did_a_puff_piece_ (softball_questions)_interview_with_the_EPO's_President_just_months_ago) tell us we must accept a stacked, rigged kangaroo court set up to ‘legalise’ the illegal. The talking point seems as though they were handed over “from above”, in the same way that every time Managing IP covered the UPC it acted as little but a Team UPC megaphone, complete with puff pieces, interviews and lies as headlines (with quotes around them). The lies were indeed proven to be lies later on. Where is the UPC today? Nobody even mentions it anymore… “In the process there were bribes and threats; the EPO is still just Benoît Battistelli’s “Mafia”, and nothing has changed except the PR budget which keeps increasing.”It’s worth noting that this author didn’t cover the controversy at any stage (not in Managing IP or anywhere else). Suddenly he’s an expert? Curiously enough, just yesterday we predicted this particular publication would participate in the PR of the EPO. We named it. It didn’t even take 24 hours before it materialised. We expect the frequency of such propaganda to accelerate over the coming few days. We’ll do rebuttals like the video above, which is spontaneous (that’s me reading the article for the very first time and reacting). The EPO has long corrupted media and academia. In the process there were bribes and threats; the EPO is still just Benoît_Battistelli‘s “Mafia”, and nothing has changed except the PR budget which keeps increasing. Where are the challenges to all this? No money, hence no coverage? Yesterday Vorys Sater Seymour and Pease LLP’s Carey C. Jordan, Yamina Belabassi and Laura T. Geyer noted that the EPO extends this illegal practice while stacking courts to say it is ‘legal’. To quote their parroting of EPO management: “On May 20, 2021, the European Patent Office (EPO) announced that it is extending its videoconference pilot program for oral proceedings before the oppositions divisions. All oral proceedings will be held remotely through January 31, 2022.” No comment on the legality of the stacked courts whose hearing is imminent? █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 982 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/05/25/microsoft-uspto/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/05/25/microsoft-uspto/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ USPTO_Promotes_Microsoft_Monopoly_and_Proprietary_Software⠀✐ Posted in Microsoft, Open_XML, Patents at 11:59 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Related: USPTO_Rewards_Microsoft_for_Corruption_at_ISO_by_Teaching_People Proprietary_OOXML_and_Promoting_Its_Use | USPTO_Craziness:_Changing_Rules_to Punish_PTAB_Petitioners_and_Reward_Microsoft_for_Corruption_at_ISO | Conflict of_Interest:_Microsoft_and_IBM_Controlling_the_USPTO_and_Leaving_GNU/Linux Users_Shut_Out_(in_the_Cold) | Why_Wouldn’t_an_Office_That_Grants_Monopolies Support_Microsoft_Monopoly? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Director's Forum: A Blog from USPTO's Leadership⦈ “Modernizing” as in adding vendor lock-in and pushing proprietary dependencies Summary: Classic example of vendor capture; Microsoft engaged in endless and well-documented corruption to push OOXML and now the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) participates in this marketing propaganda; moreover it financially penalises people who don’t use Microsoft’s proprietary formats; this is certainly what Microsoft lobbied for. “Just got this from the USPTO,” a reader told us about this_new_E-mail_and_Web_page (promoted via E-mail). “I’m not too savvy on this DOCX stuff, but I notice the word “surcharge,” and I guess they’ve figured out another way to scam fees from Linux users.” Similarly, the EPO was illegally_outsourced_to_Microsoft. They infiltrate and take over patent offices, just like that. ⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⡟⣿⡟⢻⢛⣛⣻⡟⣛⠛⣏⢘⡿⢛⡛⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣒⣒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠒⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡔⢲⠀ ⠀⣿⡇⠻⠇⢸⠶⠤⢹⡃⠿⠃⣿⠸⣇⠸⠇⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠂ ⠀⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠇⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠃⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠈⠃⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠂⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⡻⡯⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠻⡿⠿⡿⠿⢻⠿⢿⣿⡟⣻⣟⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢟⢿⣿⣿⢻⡛⡿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠫⡿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⢇⡇⡇⣿⠨⠥⣇⠿⢺⠸⡸⠇⡇⣿⣿⠮⠝⣿⡇⣽⣿⡇⠿⢸⢸⡇⠿⢸⢸⡇⣿⢸⢿⣿⡏⣬⡌⣿⣿⠰⠦⣃⣇⠿⢇⡸⠗⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⠸⢇⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⣇⣒⠶⡇⠶⢆⣷⡆⣶⢣⣶⡆⢣⡟⠭⣻⣿⢸⣿⡟⠭⠻⡯⠍⡿⣩⡃⠟⠭⢻⢩⡏⢭⡇⣫⢹⡟⡟⣭⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣵⣯⣽⣥⣧⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣦⣽⣥⣿⣯⣿⣼⣿⣬⣭⣷⣽⣽⣬⣥⣵⣽⣥⣧⣯⣽⣼⣯⣯⣦⣿⣼⣧⣧⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢛⢻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠟⠟⡿⠿⢿⣻⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠙⠏⢻⠛⡏⢻⣟⣿⢻⡿⡟⢻⠛⣿⡟⡟⢿⡏⢿⡛⡟⢹⡏⢻⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⡻⣿⡏⣿⡟⣯⡋⣯⡋⣯⡯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣽⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢿⣿⡿⡟⡿⢿⣻⣿⠟⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢻⢿⣿⣻⡿⣿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣟⡿⣟⣿⡟⡿⣿⣿⠟⢿⠿⣿⣿⠻⡿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡿⣿⢻⢿⢻⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣑⣠⣤⠀⢠⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣤⣦⣆⣠⣠⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢲⡖⠂⣀⠀⡆⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢀⣰⡆⡀⢀⠀⣀⠀⡀⢀⠀⣄⠀⢀⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣤⣿⣏⣹⣿⠛⣿⠻⣿⡿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣴⣤⣄⣦⡀⠀⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢨⢚⡇⡗⢏⢸⡓⡃⠀⢨⢚⡇⣏⣸⡇⢣⡞⢨⢚⡇⣿⢸⡇⣏⢀⡕⣻⢘⣤⠃⣞⠚⡂⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣧⣼⣿⣉⣿⡙⣿⡟⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠁⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠁⠁⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠁⠁⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠘⠀⠃⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣌⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⠀⢠⠤⢤⡀⢀⠤⢤⡀⢀⠤⠤⠠⡀⣠⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡎⢱⠈⡏⠀⢸⠂⢀⡇⢾⠀⢀⡇⢿⠀⠀⠀⡽⣅⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡜⡂⡿⣭⢹⢻⢻⢶⢿⣿⣵⣟⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⢀⢠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣬⣼⣱⣸⣸⣶⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡗⢰⢸⠃⡆⢰⠒⡆⣖⣲⠂⠀⡖⢲⢠⠖⢢⢰⣠⢆⡔⢸⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢛⣛⠋⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠘⠘⠀⠃⠘⠀⠃⣞⣒⠄⠀⠃⠘⠈⠓⠊⠀⠋⠘⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣻⣷⣦⠻⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣍⣛⡛⠛⣛⣡⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠢⠰⡠⡆⠀⢸⡀⠖⣀⠇⢁⢀⠪⠀⣢⢀⠆⠆⣂⠀⡆⡰⠐⠠⡂⡐⠀⠇⣐⢄⠂⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠀⡀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠁⠀⠘⠄⠣⠸⠀⠑⠘⠄⠠⠓⠘⠃⠛⠜⠀⠛⠁⠎⠀⠇⠀⠰⠅⠤⠡⠄⠤⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣽⣯⣻⣿⣩⣏⣿⣟⣿⣟⣻⣿⣟⣿⣟⣟⣻⣟⣿⣟⣻⣻⣙⣿⣽⣿⣿⣻⣿⣏⣟⣯⣝⣻⣿⣹⣽⣝⣿⣿⣟⣹⣿⣻⣟⣻⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣹⣉⣿⣿⣉⣿⣝⣉⣛⣿⣍⣻⣫⣿⣟⣟⣭⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣟⢟⣛⣟⢻⣿⣹⣻⣿⣟⣛⣿⣻⣟⣿⣻⣟⣿⣯⣻⡟⣿⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣏⣿⣛⣏⣿⣛⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣻⣟⣻⣽⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣛⣟⣻⣿⣛⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⣻⣻⣟⣛⢛⣿⣟⡟⡻⣿⡛⣻⣟⣿⣿⣿⠟⣻⣿⢻⠟⢿⣿⢻⢿⣛⣿⣟⣻⣟⣿⣟⣿⢛⣿⡿⣟⣿⣿⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⡟⣛⣻⣿⡟⢻⣿⣛⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣟⡿⢟⢻⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⢟⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⠟⣿⢻⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⡿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠻⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⢻⡿⣿⡟⡿⡿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1072 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_25/5/2021:_Inkscape_1.1_and_LibreOffice_7.2_Alpha_1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 11:12 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ What_Is_Linux?_What_Can_You_Use_Linux_For?⠀⇛ When someone says, “I use Linux,” what they mean is that they use the GNU/Linux operating system in one of its many forms. Over the years, various developers have taken the GNU/Linux code, crafted a unique operating system, and distributed it on the internet, usually free of cost. They can do this because of the permissive license that comes with Linux. o ⚓ Running_Modern_Linux_From_A_Single_Floppy_Disk⠀⇛ There was a time when booting Linux from a floppy disk was the norm, but of course, those days are long gone. Even if you still had a working 3.5 inch drive, surely the size of the modern kernel alone would far exceed the 1.44 MB capacity of the disks, to say nothing of all the support software required to create a usable operating system. Well that’s what we thought, anyway. But then [Krzysztof Krystian Jankowski] dropped Floppinux, a live Linux OS that boots from just a single floppy. There’s even a few hundred KB left over on the disk, allowing the user to tuck a few of their own programs and scripts onboard before booting it up. But most impressively, the project doesn’t rely on ancient software releases like so many other embedded systems do. Every component of Floppinux is pulled directly from the cutting edge, including version 5.13.0-rc2 of the Linux kernel which is literally just a few days old. o ⚓ What_are_Daemons_in_Linux?_Why_are_They_Used?⠀⇛ Daemons work hard so you don’t have to. Imagine that you are writing an article, Web page, or book, Your intent is to do just that – write. It’s rather nice not having to manually start printer and network services and then monitor them all day to make sure that they are working right. We can thank daemons for that – they do that kind of work for us. o ⚓ Why_I_Quit_Linux_as_a_Creative_After_4_Years⠀⇛ Once I could afford a MacBook, I bought one, and I never looked back. I found there were too many niggles with Linux — both from a technical point of view and a psychological perspective — that damaged my productivity. A key problem with Linux is in the little gremlins that seem like small issues, but that eventually became deal breakers. I’ll go into those more in a moment. The biggest issue for me is that Linux became a distraction. Instead of being a tool to allow me to work, it took me away from my writing. I spent hundreds of hours experimenting with different distros and software set-ups instead of actually writing. It was a lot of fun, but ultimately it was procrastination. Searching for software became an excuse. I told myself — and this went on over many years — “If only I had the right Linux set-up, I’d be able to pursue my creative dreams.” I completed work my clients assigned me, but I failed to produce any writing for myself. I was deluding myself — the idea of finding the perfect software was an excuse, and one that allowed me to waste hours searching through different software. I now know that the key to writing is to sit down and write. Good software can help smooth out the writing process, but it’s not the solution if you’re not already writing regularly. Related to this is the fact that not all the best writing tools are available for Linux. I spent years trying to replicate Scrivener on Linux because I’d seen it on my friend’s MacBook, and I loved the index card layout. I never found a way to do that and the search distracted me from actually writing. Ultimately, when I’m writing, I want a tool that just works. I want software that’s clean, and smooth, and does nothing to distract from the experience. Linux never became that for me. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_126⠀⇛ Drama in the IRC world, the Framework modular laptop pre-orders are live, good and bad Android news, rare praise for Mozilla, the usual distaste for the UK government, and KDE korner. # ⚓ Destination_Linux_227:_Interview_with_Shells.com:_Alex_Lee &_Zlatan_Todoric⠀⇛ This week’s episode of Destination Linux, we have an interview with the CEO of Shells along with their VP of technology regarding their virtual desktop product we discussed wiith your just at a few episodes back. Then we take a look at the new TUXEDO InfinityBook Pro Linux based laptop that’s entered the market with an impressive 2K and 3K option. Plus we’ve also got our famous tips, tricks and software picks. All of this and so much more this week on Destination Linux. So whether you’re brand new to Linux and open source or a guru of sudo. This is the podcast for you. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_To_Support_F2FS_Read-Only_Feature_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ With the Linux 5.14 cycle this summer the Flash- Friendly File-System (F2FS) should land its new “RO” feature read-only mode. Queued up yesterday into the F2FS “dev” code for its kernel driver is the RO feature when marked in a file-system’s superblock then allows bypassing the provisioning/reserve spaces and segment summary area (SSA). # ⚓ Linux_5.14_To_Bring_Intel_IGC_Driver_Support_For_AF_XDP Zero-Copy_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ After Intel originally proposed zero-copy capability for the Linux kernel’s AF_XDP high performance packet processing code years ago and implemented for their higher performance network hardware/drivers, with Linux 5.14 the common Intel “IGC” Gigabit Ethernet driver is set to introduce AF_XDP zero-copy support. # ⚓ Authenticated_hashes_for_btrfs_(part_1)⠀⇛ There was a request to provide authenticated hashes in btrfs, natively as one of the btrfs checksum algorithms. Sounds fun but there’s always more to it, even if this sounds easy to implement. Johaness T. at that time in SUSE sent the patchset adding the support for SHA256 [1] with a Labs conference paper, summarizing existing solutions and giving details about the proposed implementation and use cases. The first version of the patchset posted got some feedback, issues were found and some ideas suggested. Things have stalled a bit, but the feature is still very interesting and really not hard to implement. The support for additional checksums has provided enough support code to just plug in the new algorithm and enhance the existing interfaces to provide the key bytes. So until now I’ve assumed you know what an authenticated hash means, but for clarity and in simple terms: a checksum that depends on a key. The main point is that it’s impossible to generate the same checksum for given data without knowing the key, where impossible is used in the cryptographic-strength sense, there’s an almost zero probability doing that by chance and brute force attack is not practical. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Breaking⠀⇛ I had planned to write more posts about some optimizations and whatever other cool stuff I’ve been working on. I had planned to make more zink-wip snapshots. I did shower; stop spamming frog emotes at me. But I also encountered a bug so bizarre, so infruating, so esoteric, that I need to take a bit of a victory lap now that I’ve successfully corralled it. So let’s get into a real, vintage SGC blog post like we used to have back when SGC was a good blog and dive into what it took to fix a bug that took me four full days to resolve. [...] Iteration on various fixes finally yielded a patch that was upstreamable; the crux of the problem here was that the stride of vertex attributes was being used to calculate the size of the region to map, but the stride only determines the number of bytes between elements, not their size. For example, if the stride was 4 bytes but the element was 8 bytes, the overrun would be 4 bytes for the last element. The solution was to calculate the offset of the last element being mapped, then add the size of the element using the attribute’s format block size, which guarantees that the last attribute won’t be truncated. Fuck that bug. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Create_triangulated_illustrations_with_astonishing_open- source_free:_FOSStriangulator⠀⇛ People are fascinated with a triangle-based logo and arts they have seen on the internet. It’s an eye candy to see an animal image turned to a triangular vector graphic logo. Not long ago, it was a trend, as dozens of designers created tutorials on Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop and Inkscape on how to create such a wonderful art. # ⚓ Welcome_to_Inkscape_1.1!⠀⇛ Among the highlights in Inkscape 1.1 are a Welcome dialog, a Command Palette, a revamped Dialog Docking System, and searchable preference options, along with new formats for exporting your work. Here at the Inkscape project, we’re proud to have contributors from around the world who invest their time, energy and skills towards coding, debugging, translating, documenting and promoting the program. Built mostly with the power of a team of volunteers, this open source vector editor represents the work of many hearts and hands from around the world, who ensure that Inkscape remains available free for everyone to download and enjoy. Big Thanks go to the 2020 cohort of Google Summer of Code (GSoC) students (and their mentors) who worked hard to deliver some of the features and bug fixes in 1.1. Let’s dive into some highlights and tour what’s new and what you can now do with the latest version of Inkscape! # ⚓ Inkscape_1.1_Open-Source_SVG_Editor_Released_with_Many_New Features_and_Improvements⠀⇛ Coming more than a year after Inkscape 1.0, the Inkscape 1.1 release is here to introduce lots of goodies, starting with a new and fancy Welcome dialog that you can use to fully customize your Inkscape experience by choosing things like the size of the document you want to create, canvas colors, color modes, keyboard shortcut styles, theme sets, and much more. Also new is the Command Palette feature that lets you search and use through various functions without relying on menus or keyboard shortcuts. Talking about search, Inkscape 1.1 makes it easier to search preferences when you quickly want to change various settings thanks to the newly integrated search bar. # ⚓ Inkscape_1.1_Released_With_Command_Palette_Feature,_More Export_Options⠀⇛ It took nearly two decades for Inkscape 1.0 to be realized while fortunately Inkscape 1.1 is ready to succeed it just one year later. Inkscape 1.1 adds a welcome dialog where some initial configuration options can be setup, a command palette added for accessing most of the Inkscape functionality from a simple search-based function input, node tool improvements, a rewritten docking system, a new outline overlay model, new export options, and more. The new export options include the ability to directly export as JPEG, TIFF, WebP, and optimized PNGs. There is also an Inkscape Extension Manager for now being able to update and install additional extensions more easily. # ⚓ Inkscape_1.1_released⠀⇛ Version 1.1 of the Inkscape vector image editor has been released. “Among the highlights in Inkscape 1.1 are a Welcome dialog, a Command Palette, a revamped Dialog Docking System, and searchable preference options, along with new formats for exporting your work.” # ⚓ [Older]_Meet_Ozant_Liuky,_Winner_of_the_Inkscape_1.1_About Screen_Contest⠀⇛ We recently caught up with Ozant, to ask him some questions about himself, and his use of Inkscape. # ⚓ Major_Update:_Inkscape_1.1_Released_with_Scores_of_New Features⠀⇛ This update to the open-source vector graphics editor comes with a number of new features and workflow enhancements, ranging from a new handy new welcome screen to new formats to export finished work to. Chances are you’re already familiar with Inkscape, or have at least heard of it before. Much like LibreOffice, Firefox, and Blender Inkscape is regularly cited as an example of how powerful and capable open source software can be. # ⚓ Inkscape_1.1_is_the_Next_Major_Update_With_New_Export Options_and_More_Features_–_It’s_FOSS_News⠀⇛ Last year, Inkscape 1.0 release hit the surface with tons of new features and improvements after 3 years in development. Now, after a year, Inkscape 1.1 is here as the next major update with a several new feature additions and improvements. Let me briefly highlight the significant changes in this release. [...] While Inkscape is already one of the best vector graphics editors for Linux, with every major update, it is shaping up quite good. Do you use Inkscape often? What do you think of these changes? # ⚓ Inkscape_1.1_Free_Vector_Graphics_Editor_App_Released⠀⇛ Inkscape is a free and cross-platform vector graphics editor. The new Inkscape 1.1 comes with a number of new features and workflow enhancements. Inkscape is used to create vector images in SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format. It is a cross- platform open file format widely used among Adobe products. This format can create relatively compact file sizes without losing the quality of the original image. Inkscape is one of the staple bits of maker software as it’s powerful, open-source, and relatively easy to get started with. As general- purpose vector drawing software, Inkscape is useful for a wide range of people, such as artists and diagram makers. # ⚓ Vector_Graphics_Editor_Inkscape_1.1_Released_With_New Welcome_Dialog,_Command_Palette,_More⠀⇛ Free and open source vector graphics editor Inkscape has been updated to version 1.1. The new release includes a welcome dialog, a command palette, rewritten docking system, and more. Inkscape 1.1 comes one year after the major Inkscape 1.0 release, which was in development for over three years. With this release, the free and open source vector graphics editor has introduced a new welcome screen, from where you can choose the canvas colors, keyboard shortcuts layout, and theme (including dark or light mode), as well quickly open an existing file or create a new one from templates… [...] Inkscape 1.1 also comes with a rewritten docking system, which resolves many issues, and allows docking dialogs to both sides of the screen. The dialogs are displayed as tabs, and when more are open they transform into icons. What’s more, Inkscape now remembers your settings across sessions. # ⚓ celery-batches_0.5_released!⠀⇛ A new version (v0.5) of celery-batches is available which adds support for Celery 5.1 and fixes storing of results when using the RPC result backend. As explored previously, the RPC result backend works by having a results queue per client, unfortunately celery-batches was attempting to store the results in a queue named after the task ID instead of the client ID (Celery internally calls this the “correlation ID”) [1]. # ⚓ The_Best_Free_Photography_Editing_Applications_in_2021⠀⇛ We are all likely familiar with Adobe Lightroom or Photoshop as far as editing applications go and a lot of people love these apps for their versatility and powerful suite of features. But they do come with a price, and paying a fee isn’t always what every photographer is looking for. There are plenty of people who would like to find something equally capable of getting the job done that doesn’t run a monthly charge on their credit card bill or require a hefty up front payment. Thankfully, there are plenty of alternatives out there that run the gamut from beginner-friendly to as feature-packed as the name-brand products. [...] GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Software) is flat-out one of the best editing applications available anywhere — for any price. Its suite of features is impressively full, and more are being added all the time. From layers, masks, and curves to brushes, clone stamps, and perspective changes, there is not a whole lot that GIMP can’t do compared to Adobe’s counterpart. Better yet, it is an open-source editor, meaning the huge community of users has created an extensive array of plugins that expand the functionality and abilities of GIMP. Some of these plugins come preinstalled, but there are tons more in its glossary that you can install in addition. # ⚓ Screenshot_And_Annotation_Tool_Ksnip_1.9.0_Adds_User- Defined_Actions,_Dockable_Widgets_And_Other_Improvements⠀⇛ Ksnip, a feature-packed cross-platform screenshot tool that works with both X11 and Wayland, has been updated to version 1.9.0, getting the ability to add user-defined actions for taking screenshots and post-processing, dockable widgets, along with many other smaller, but useful new features and changes. Ksnip is a free and open source Qt5 screenshot tool that runs on Linux (X11, Plasma Wayland, GNOME Wayland and with this release, xdg-desktop-portal Wayland), Windows and macOS. The tool allows taking a rectangular area, full- screen, current screen and active window screenshots, with support for annotations. It comes with tools such as line, rectangle, ellipse, arrow, pen, marker (rectangle, ellipse, pen), text, text with arrow, auto numbers, and stickers, as well as the ability to scale or crop the screenshot after it has been taken. Optionally, the screenshots can then be uploaded to Imgur or a different image upload website with the help of the Ksnip built-in script uploader support. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Make_Command_Not_Found?_Here’s_How_to_Fix_it⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fndamental_of_Linux_Shell_–_Linux_Concept⠀⇛ Initially, the Unix OS used a shell program called the Bourne shell. Then, eventually, many more shell programs were developed for different flavors of Unix. # ⚓ How_To_Find_And_Move_Files_In_Xubuntu_File_Manager_(Thunar) –_Fosslicious⠀⇛ When using a computer, sometimes we can forget where to put the file that we want to open. In this case we can use Catfish which acts as a file search application. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Htop_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Htop on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Htop is an interactive and real-time system-monitor process-viewer written for Linux. It provides information related to system processes, system memory, Load average, etc. It is a cross- platform, interactive process viewer. It is quite similar to the ‘top’ command, which comes pre- installed with almost all Linux distributions. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Htop monitor system processes on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_Create_SFTP_Only_User_in_Ubuntu_20.04_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) is a secure file protocol used to access, manage, and transfer files over an encrypted SSH transport session. Security first is an thumb rules for the system administrators. Some times you may need to provide FTP/SFTP access to development or other teams to access file on remote server. This will allow you a secure channel to provide limited access to specific files and directories. This tutorial will help you to create SFTP only user (without ssh shell access) on Ubuntu systems. And restrict (chroot) the SFT user account to specific directory only. Also disable the shell access to user. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Latest_Cinnamon_Desktop_in_Ubuntu_and Fedora⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we shall walk through the various steps that you can follow to install the latest stable version of Cinnamon desktop on Ubuntu and Fedora. Before we move any further, let us talk about a few properties of the Cinnamon desktop as outlined below. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Latest_Mate_Desktop_in_Ubuntu_and_Fedora⠀⇛ MATE desktop is a simple, intuitive, and attractive continuation of GNOME 2. It is under active development to bring about constant improvements using modern technologies while holding to the traditional desktop experience. There are several Linux distributions that support the MATE desktop including of course Ubuntu, and there is a dedicated Ubuntu MATE edition for this elegant desktop environment as well. # ⚓ How_to_Keep_a_Window_Always_on_Top_in_Linux⠀⇛ Multitasking on a small screen is challenging. You can’t have multiple apps open on the screen at once, and you need to constantly juggle between different apps to work on them. If you’re on Linux, you can leverage the Always on Top feature to work around this and improve your multitasking experience. Here’s a guide to help you through the process. # ⚓ How_to_Remove_Lines_from_a_File_Using_Sed_Command⠀⇛ streaming editor (sed) is an important tool when you work with parsing and transforming text in your nix-based systems. It is used for finding, filtering, text substitution, and text manipulations such as insertion, deletion, replace, and search in the text files. In most Linux distributions, the sed command comes pre-installed and you can verify it using the following commands, which will show the binary location of the command and version. # ⚓ How_to_install_Godot_3.3_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Godot 3.3 on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_to_install_Shotcut_Video_Editor_on_Deepin_20.2⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install Shotcut Video Editor on Deepin 20.2. # ⚓ How_to_install_Vivaldi_Browser_on_Ubuntu_21.04_(Easy)⠀⇛ Vivaldi is a freeware, cross-platform web browser developed by Vivaldi Technologies, a company founded by Tatsuki Tomita and Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, who was the co-founder and CEO of Opera Software. Vivaldi was officially launched on April 6, 2016. Although intended for general users, it is first and foremost targeted towards technically-inclined users as well as former Opera users disgruntled by its transition from the Presto layout engine to a Chromium-based browser that resulted in the loss of many of its iconic features. Despite also being Chromium-based, Vivaldi aims to revive the features of the Presto-based Opera with its own proprietary modifications. # ⚓ Using_files_and_devices_in_Podman_rootless_containers_| Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ One key problem Podman users are having is accessing files and devices that they can use from the host but cannot use while in a container, even if they volume mount the objects into the container. # ⚓ Change_file_ownership_with_CHOWN_command_in_Linux_(with examples)_–_LinuxTechLab⠀⇛ When it comes to Linux permissions, things can get pretty tricky. Unless you are an admin user, like root, then you won’t have access to files or directories that were created by other users. In order to access those files, either their permissions should be updated to be available for other users or we can change ownership of the files. In this tutorial, we will discuss what to do if you are required to change ownerships of files or directories. We would be discussing how to change ownership of files & directories using the ‘chown command’. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Remove_Software_in_Manjaro_Linux⠀⇛ There are many people who would like to use Linux instead of Windows but are deterred because they believe in Linux myths such as it is difficult to use. This tutorial will try to overcome that error by showing how easy it is to install and remove software on Linux. You probably already know by now that I love Manjaro Linux, so in this article, I will be focusing on Manjaro. There is a similar article on managing software in Ubuntu that Ubuntu users can follow. # ⚓ 1Password_for_Linux:_How_to_install_this_password_manager⠀⇛ 1Password Password Manager is now available for Linux. Here we will see the steps to download and install 1Password on Ubuntu 20.04/18.04 or 21.04 including for RPM – RHEL, CentOS 8, OpenSUSE, Rocky Linux, and AlmaLinux as well. Recently, the popular password manager 1Password that is a paid service and proprietary software officially has released its Linux version. In case you are unfamiliar, what does 1Password for Linux offer? Then you can get all the basic functions you expect from a password manager: to keep them safe with extreme encryption, two-factor authentication, strong password generator, multiplatform support, including extensions for web browsers … However, one thing needs to be understood, it is not open-source software, thus the users have to purchase it once the Trail period of the software gets ended. # ⚓ Viewing_compressed_file_content_on_Linux_without uncompressing_|_Network_World⠀⇛ You can examine the contents of compressed files on Linux systems without uncompressing the files or changing them in any way. This post explains the commands for doing that and the types of compressed files they work with. # ⚓ ProxyJump_is_more_secure_than_SSH_agent_forwarding_– Florida_News_Times [Ed: This is possibly plagiarism]⠀⇛ The SSH jump server is the proxy between the client and the rest of the SSH fleet. Jump hosts minimize threats by forcing all SSH traffic through a single enhanced location and minimizing SSH endpoints on individual nodes to the outside world. (Read more: “How to set up an SSH jump server”) One way to configure a multi-hop setup is to store the destination server’s private key on the jump server.Do Absent Do this. Jump servers are typically a multi-user environment. That is, a single party with elevated privileges can compromise the private key. The solution to this security threat is to enable agent forwarding. Given how common this method is, you may be surprised to find that it is not recommended. Let’s dig a little deeper to understand why. # ⚓ How_to_monitor_Socket_connections_using_ss_command⠀⇛ ss (socket statistics) is a command line tool that monitors socket connections and displays the socket statistics of the Linux system. It can display stats for PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets, and much more. This replaces the deprecated netstat command in the latest version of Linux. The ss command is much faster and prints more detailed network statistics than the netstat command. If you are familiar with the netstat command, it will be easier for you to understand the ss command as it uses similar command line options to display network connections information. Refer the following link to see other network command tutorials. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Maintenance_release:_Godot_3.3.2⠀⇛ Godot 3.3 was released a month ago, and we had a first maintenance release last week with Godot 3.3.1. A few regressions made their way among the many bug fixes of 3.3.1, so here’s another maintenance release to fix them. Notably, Windows users could experience crashes when baking lightmaps. Games exported with a ZIP data package could also trigger a crash on exit. Additionally, this release includes a number of non-regression bug fixes to various areas of the engine. Godot 3.3.2, like all future 3.3.x releases, focuses purely on bug fixes, and aims to preserve compatibility. It is a recommended upgrade for all Godot 3.3 users. # ⚓ SCS_put_up_an_open_Beta_for_multiplayer_in_Euro_Truck_Sim_2 and_American_Truck_Sim⠀⇛ To be available in an opt-in Beta on Steam, SCS Software are officially bringing online multiplayer to both of their truck sims with Euro Truck Simulator 2 and American Truck Simulator. These massively popular games should need no introduction, mixing together business management with long-haul trucking to create something weirdly good. With the new 1.41 Beta becoming available (Seems ATS is first), SCS are now introducing the Convoy game mode. Which will also bring with it time and weather options for the photo mode, quick travel, a California reskin for ATS and new icons in the map legend. The Convoy mode lets players make a private session to drive with other truckers. Progress doesn’t need to stick, as if things went terribly wrong it will let you restore your game to before the Convoy game started. # ⚓ Hints_appear_of_Valve_making_a_possible_handheld_Steam “SteamPal”_Neptune_console⠀⇛ Well well, perhaps we finally know what the end game is here for the Steam Play Proton compatibility layer and a lot of the other work Valve has been doing for Linux with a possible handheld Steam console. Take this with a heavy pinch of salt as we’re into super speculation territory now. Pavel Djundik, creator of SteamDB who has often dug up interesting new strings showing up in Steam updates has a new Twitter thread up going over some new appearances that raise some eyebrows. New appearances are seen mentioning a “Neptune” controller along with things like “GameList_View_NeptuneGames”, “SteamPal Games” and more curious entries that mention things like quick access and a power menu – all of which point to something quite a bit more than just a new controller. Not only that, there’s also earlier mentions of a “Callisto Developer Program” and “Device Optimized Games” going by what Djundik found. # ⚓ Heroic_Games_Launcher_for_running_Epic_Store_titles_on Linux_1.7.0_release_is_out_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ As Epic Games continue ignoring Linux with their store, the Heroic Games Launcher picks up that slack and it has a new release now available for you. Reminder: since the Epic Store doesn’t support Linux, the Heroic Games Launcher will download Windows games which will then run through a compatibility layer like Wine. Heroic is actually pretty great, and does most of what you would expect from a game launcher. Quite a lot of titles work well, although as usual for unsupported titles some don’t work at all so your mileage will vary. The 1.7.0 “Moria” release of Heroic now has a better download system, so it will continue downloads instead of going back to 0% (hooray!), there’s a new option to enable NVIDIA Prime Render Offload for you Optimus users and a Wiki button is included now too. # ⚓ Comedy_point_and_click_adventure_Not_Another_Weekend_is_out now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ With a certain level of humour and style found in early Leisure Suit Larry, developers Animatic Vision / Dead Blue Friends have released Not Another Weekend. “For all the fans of pixel art out there, get ready for the wackiest adventure of time. You are a bellboy, Mike Melkout, working at a high-class hotel. Mike may seem crazy, or even peculiar or he might as well be. Nevertheless, he has only one plan. A dark plan. To throw everyone out in just one Weekend. A humorous point ’n’ click adventure game, set in the ’80s, as a tribute to the pop culture of that era.” # ⚓ JRPG_inspired_adventure_Light_Fairytale_Episode_2_is_out_in Early_Access_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Following on from a cliffhanger in the first episode, Light Fairytale Episode 2 is a Japanese inspired RPG featuring a modern presentation with a classic core. In Episode 2 you play as Haru and Ayaka as they “uncover the mysteries of the Deeplands while looking for a way to reunite with Kuroko, meeting with a mysterious silver haired girl along the way”. # ⚓ Dome_Romantik_is_a_unique_roguelite_miner_about_digging_to the_planet’s_core_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Dig for riches but watch out for nasty creatures on these alien worlds in the unique and quite clever Dome Romantik. Originally developed for the Ludum Dare 48 Game Jam with Godot Engine, the idea is to dig as far as you can towards the core of the planet. Gather resources and then use them to upgrade your dome to defend against hostile alien life. A fantastic idea overall with some wonderful pixel artwork. # ⚓ A_trio_of_top-down_Dungeon_Crawlers_reviewed,_one_old,_one new_and_one_coming_soon_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ I was recently offered a beta key for the upcoming Ampers@t dungeon crawler and then a curator key for the recently released Ouroboros Dungeon. What better time, then, to also review the classic crawler, Unexplored? Sadly, all three are Steam only, but they’re also cheap as chips. Let’s get into it. Ouroboros Dungeon I’ll start with the quickest to review, because it’s also the least interesting of the three. It launched on May 5th and features quite a pretty 3D view of the dungeon and some nicely drawn weapons. Sadly, Ouroboros Dungeon lacks depth and after just an hour and a half on a single playthrough, I had no desire to play it again. It’s incredibly repetitive and features clunky combat and a loot system that just doesn’t make much sense (my “Belt of Stamina” granted me a magic boost – this is common, the naming appears to be almost completely random). o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Systemd-free_antiX_19.4_Release_Brings_Latest_Debian Packages_and_Updates⠀⇛ Debian-based, systemd-free Linux distribution antiX 19.4 is released. This is what’s new. # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Using_NetBSD’s_pkgsrc_everywhere_I_can⠀⇛ NetBSD’s pkgsrc package manager is the best thing since sliced bread. Like everything the NetBSD maintainers touch, it’s high quality, well documented, predictable, and portable to a fault. I use it everywhere I can, from my macOS and FreeBSD laptops to remote Linux machines. This has lead people on social networks to ask me why, and to give examples. The biggest reason comes down to what I call digital hygeine, best described by Merlin Mann as “not storing compost in your vegetable crisper”. There’s value in disambiguating personal tools and applications from what is required to run the system, because updating one set shouldn’t impact the other. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ openSUSE_Community_Readies_for_Release_Party⠀⇛ The openSUSE Project is planning to have a 24-hour release party in the openSUSE Bar immediately after the release of openSUSE Leap 15.3. The virtual release party will have members of the release team, community members and board members in attendance. Beginning at 12:00 UTC on June 2, the release party will go until 11:59 UTC on June 3. Participants are expected from several countries and people are welcome to attend and meet with openSUSE members. # ⚓ openSUSE.Asia_2021_Announcement⠀⇛ India was accepted to host the openSUSE.Asia Summit 2020. Due of Covid 19 pandemic we had to cancel the event. As the world has shifted from physical mode to digital made, we with the support of openSUSE.Asia committee members proposed to organize openSUSE.Asia summit 2021 in online mode. We are glad that our proposal is accepted by openSUSE board. The supporters of openSUSE in India, and of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) at large are excited to organize the most awaited openSUSE.Asia Summit event. In this activity, experts, contributors, end users, and technology enthusiasts will gather to share experiences about the development of openSUSE and other things related to FLOSS and have a lot of fun. The venue for the openSUSE.Asia Summit was chosen after being proposed by the Indian community during openSUSE.Asia Summit 2019 in Bali, Indonesia. The Asian committee decided Faridabad as the host of openSUSE.Asia Summit 2021 from August 6 to August 8, 2021, at Manav Rachna International Institute of Research & Studies, Faridabad. # ⚓ SUSE_News_at_SUSECON_2021:_Linux_and_Kubernetes Leadership,_Openness_and_Interoperability,_Customer/ Community-led_Innovation⠀⇛ # ⚓ You_Are_Now_Free_to_Innovate_Anywhere⠀⇛ # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Is_Rocky_Linux_and_Should_You_Consider_It?⠀⇛ For a long time, CentOS was a reliable choice for a Linux distro, especially for servers, because it was effectively a free version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. But shakeups have rocked the CentOS community, which led to one of its original developers creating a fork called Rocky Linux. After several months of development, a pre- release version of Rocky Linux has emerged. Should you consider switching to Rocky Linux? We’ll find out in this post. # ⚓ DevSecOps_compliance:_Make_your_auditor’s_job easier!⠀⇛ Compliance is the topic of this entry in Red Hat’s Security series! In March 2021 the Red Hat Security Ecosystem team began introducing DevOps Security topics to help you learn how Red Hat weaves together DevOps and security to master the force called DevSecOps. We explain how to assemble Red Hat products and our security ecosystem partners to aid in your journey to master deploying a comprehensive DevSecOps solution. Compliance can mean a lot of different things, but in this post we will focus on regulatory compliance, and what to think about when attempting to audit and meet compliance requirements within a Red Hat OpenShift deployment. Compliance methods and technologies help you adhere to industry and government regulations and corporate policies. They automate compliance validation and reporting throughout DevOps, helping you simplify audits and avoid costly regulatory fines and lawsuits. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Satellite_6.9.2_has_been_released⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce that Red Hat Satellite 6.9.2 is generally available as of May 24, 2021. Red Hat Satellite is part of the Red Hat Smart Management subscription that makes it easier for enterprises to manage patching, provisioning, and subscription management of Red Hat Enterprise Linux infrastructure. # ⚓ Fedora_Podcast_is_back_–_Fedora_Magazine⠀⇛ The Fedora Community with the Marketing Team has brought back the Fedora Podcast! We have a new and improved editing workflow that remains completely FOSS. We also have a new host joining us, Grayson! He’s known as computerkid around the community, uses Fedora Linux, and loves the awesome Fedora community. # ⚓ Capture_detailed_analytics_with_the_custom_metrics policy_in_Red_Hat_3scale_API_Management_|_Red_Hat Developer⠀⇛ Developers use Red Hat 3scale API Management to manage APIs through a gateway called APIcast. APIcast includes many out-of-the-box policies that can be configured to extend its default behavior. A new addition to APIcast, the custom metrics policy, provides another way to track metrics that are valuable to your business via the 3scale analytics engine. The custom metrics policy was introduced in 3scale API Management 2.9. I was intrigued to learn how to configure this policy, and wanted to understand its potential use scenarios. This article introduces one way to take advantage of the custom metrics policy, using a metric that tracks specific HTTP response status codes as an example scenario. The default analytics in 3scale just capture the response statuses into buckets of 2xx, 4xx, and so on. If you want to capture specific status codes such as 203 or 403, you can use this custom metrics policy. # ⚓ Actionable_threat_intelligence_for_publicly_known exploits_for_RHEL⠀⇛ As a Product Manager at Red Hat, I speak with customers to understand the challenges they seek to address and recommend Red Hat technologies that can help maximize efficiency and productivity in their environments. Although no two organizations are the same, some of their most cited challenges include (1) managing the sprawl of their infrastructure footprint in an open-hybrid cloud environment (2) lacking resources to manage it with and (3) an increasing focus on security and compliance concerns. Red Hat Insights for Red Hat Enterprise Linux is designed and built to help customers address concerns across management of compliance and security. For managing security vulnerabilities on their estate of servers, Insights has a Vulnerability service that helps customers identify, assess, and triage Common Vulnerability and Exposures (CVEs), remediate them with Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform, and report on the health of the servers across hybrid cloud footprint for any systems registered with Insights. # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Migrating_the_DNF_Stack_CI_to GitHub_Actions [Ed: IBM outsourcing more of Fedora to Microsoft's proprietary woftware ... they want to kill the project, don't they?]⠀⇛ DNF’s continuous integration (CI) has historically struggled from multiple standpoints, including: reliability, coverage, and results not being publicly available. We recently migrated to GitHub Actions, which—in addition to increasing our integration test suite stability and coverage—led to it being more reliable and its results available publicly to contributors. # ⚓ What_is_your_capacity_planning_strategy?_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ Capacity planning is one of those topics that’s treated like backups: No one discusses it until there’s a problem. Capacity planning isn’t thought of as a critical service by some businesses. However, a well-informed architect or sysadmin will quickly inform you that capacity planning is as much a part of a business continuity strategy as disaster recovery is and no less important. What exactly is capacity planning? It answers the question of, “How much infrastructure will you require to handle growth, failure, and technology refresh over the next year, two years, or longer?” Some capacity planning strategies also take personnel requirements into account but that’s certainly not consistently the case. For the purpose of this poll, the focus is only on infrastructure: Power, cooling, server hardware, network, storage, rack space, and software licensing. # ⚓ 4_elements_of_transformational_leadership_|_The Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Of all the leadership theories that have been posited over the years, few have the enduring simplicity of transformational leadership. Originally conceived by James Burns and further developed by Bernard Bass, transformational leadership has provided inspiration and principles on which many other leadership theories have expanded. Its straightforward approach makes it easy for any leader to keep in mind as they go about their work. # ⚓ 7_change_management_tips:_Houston_CIO_of_the_Year winners_share_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ For CIOs and IT leaders, leading change is a critical skill – especially now. Top CIOs share change management advice you can use # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Fridge:_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_684⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_684⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 684 for the week of May 16 – 22, 2021. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ PICOmputer_connects_Raspberry_Pi_Pico_to_QWERTY keyboard,_display,_and_optional_LoRa_module_–_CNX Software⠀⇛ Peter Misenko (aka Bobricius) has found an interesting use case for the Raspberry Pi Pico board with its PICOmputer, a compact terminal with a QWERTY keyboard, a small IPS display, and even footprint for an RFM95 LoRa module that would allow messaging/texting over LoRaWAN. Note the open-source hardware project is only offered as a kit with either the main board only, or the main board plus a gold or silver front panel, all without components, but fully assembled units are out of stock at this time. So read on, if you’re ready for some soldering and even some rework of the PCB, more on that latter. # ⚓ Raspberry_PI_Pico_pinout⠀⇛ The new Raspberry PI Pico brings to RP fans a lot of new ports. One of the most appreciated features is that we can now have analog ports (needed for many sensor projects). Let’s see more clesely Raspbery PI Pico pinout In this tutorial I’m going to show how to identify and map ports on Raspberry PI Pico pinout. The new Raspberry PI Pico has 40 unpopulated PIN for your project, plus 3 additional PIN for debug purposes. # ⚓ Announcing_the_Raspberry_Pi_PoE+_HAT⠀⇛ # ⚓ RISC-V_Functional_Safety_Processor_IP_Core_Introduced by_CAST_and_Fraunhofer_IPMS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Super_compact_motorized_turn_signals_for_a_bike_| Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ The first question you might ask about Tom Ouwerkerk’s latest Arduino project is why it’s motorized. His objective was to make a turn signal unit that’s as compact as possible. When you consider the amount of space you have on a bicycle frame, it makes a lot of sense. His solution was to use two 8-LED Neopixel strips, side-by-side. The small housing they’re mounted in has a servo that’s driven by an Arduino Uno. The servo slides the LED strips side to side as Ouwerkerk make a turn signal. The LEDs run in the turn direction to add a bit of movement to the signal as they slide to the side. It’s a great way to draw a bit of extra attention to the lights from the vehicles behind. This means the LED strips return to the center position to work as a break light when not turning. All of this in a 3D-printed unit that’s no wider than the bicycle’s saddle. So you’re not going to kick (and break) as you get on and off. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Oppo_Find_X3_Pro_gets_Android_12_trial_–_PC_World Australia⠀⇛ # ⚓ Which_Samsung_devices_will_get_One_UI_4.0_based_on Android_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ Form_vs._function:_Google_is_bringing_beauty_and_fun to_Android_12_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_didn’t_mention_the_best_way_to_install_the Android_12_Beta_on_Pixels⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_X3_and_X3_SuperZoom_are_now_receiving_stable Android_11_with_Realme_UI_2.0_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_6,_OnePlus_6T,_OnePlus_Nord_N100_Update Brings_May_2021_Android_Security_Patch,_Bug_Fixes_| Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Webinar:_Rapid_Prototyping_BLE_Android_Apps_Using_MIT App_Inventor_|_Elektor_Magazine⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_is_the_first_device_to_run_Google’s_mysterious Android_replacement_–_BGR⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hands-On_with_Android_12_Beta_1_–_Thurrott.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Galaxy_S21_Ultra_Was_The_Highest-Grossing_Android Phone_In_Q1_2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Apps_Exposing_Personal_Data_Of_Millions:_What You_Need_To_Know⠀⇛ # ⚓ GTA_4_download:_How_to_download_GTA_4_on_PC,_Android and_iPhone_|_91mobiles.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Huawei’s_‘replacement’_for_Android_will_launch_June 2,_but_does_it_stand_a_chance?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Pixel_6_Pro_Specifications,_Pricing_Details Leaked_Days_After_Android_12_Beta_Rolls_Out⠀⇛ # ⚓ Motorola_One_Action_Getting_Stable_Android_11_Update |_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Motorola_One_Action_receives_Android_11_update⠀⇛ # ⚓ Titan_Pocket:_What_To_Know_About_Smallest_QWERTY Android_11_Smartphone_|_Know_Your_Mobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_will_get_faster_neural_updates_w/_Qualcomm deal_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_TV_puts_greater_emphasis_on_Android_app integration_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_testing_Android_TV-like_YouTube_app_for Chromecast_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Peacock_for_Android_TV_adds_surround_sound_support_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ xiaomi_redmi_9a:_This_‘Desh_Ka_Smartphone’_from Xiaomi_is_the_‘highest-selling_Android_phone’_of_Q1, 2021⠀⇛ # ⚓ Chromebooks_may_be_getting_Android’s_screenshot animation_and_sound⠀⇛ # ⚓ iPhone_vs._Android:_Which_is_best_for_me?⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Web-Based_Email_Clients⠀⇛ Email remains the killer information and communications technology. Email volume shows no sign of diminishing, despite the increasing popularity of collaborative messaging tools. There were over 4 billion email users in 2020. Messages are exchanged between hosts using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol with software programs called mail transfer agents, and delivered to a mail store by programs called mail delivery agents, frequently referred to as email clients. Email clients offer a variety of features. Many email clients offer a slew of features, some stick with just the basics. At the end of the day, what is important is that you find an email client that offers what you need, it is reliable, and works well on your computer. # ⚓ Huawei_founder_urges_shift_to_software_to_counter_US sanctions⠀⇛ Mr Ren’s note also said the software push would depend on finding the right business model and that the company should adopt an open source approach, calling on staff to “absorb nutrients” through open source communities. He said the company’s Welink business communication platform had relied on traditional software licensing, which was unsuited to cloud computing and inferior to a rival product from tech giant Alibaba. Given the difficulty of working in the US, Mr Ren’s note said the company should strengthen its position at home and build up its territory with a view to possibly excluding the US. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_Community_Member_Monday:_Hüseyin_GÜÇ⠀⇛ I want the OpenDocument Format and LibreOffice application to be used in my institutions and city. For this reason, I wanted to support The Documentation Foundation individually. Also, I am here because I think the LibreOffice community has a differentiation from other open source communities. You can install and use open source applications, but there is a need for the OpenDocument Format to become widespread in order to use the produced output. Here, I want to be a part of this dissemination and I believe that there will be an opportunity for this. Open source usage in Turkey is not at the desired level yet. In addition, it is very sad that many individuals and institutions are unaware of the OpenDocument Format and LibreOffice. I want to strive to eliminate this problem. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_Alpha_1_Released_For_This_Open-Source Office_Suite⠀⇛ # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_Alpha1_is_ready_for_testing⠀⇛ The LibreOffice Quality Assurance ( QA ) Team is happy to announce LibreOffice 7.2 Alpha1 is ready for testing! LibreOffice 7.2 will be released as final in mid August, 2021 ( Check the Release Plan ) being LibreOffice 7.2 Alpha1 the first pre- release since the development of version 7.2 started at the end of November, 2020. Since then, 5971 commits have been submitted to the code repository and more than 1040 bugs were set to FIXED in Bugzilla. Check the release notes to find the new features included in this version of LibreOffice. LibreOffice 7.2 Alpha1 can be downloaded from here for Linux, MacOS and Windows, and it can be installed alongside the standard version. # ⚓ Free_Software_Applications_with_Libre_in_Their Names⠀⇛ This article lists several free software applications which the names include the word libre or its variations including liberation or liberty. This article is hoped to be useful to you who are in study of free software and everything around it. Free software intended by our community is the one defined by The GNU Project related to freedom unrelated to price. To avoid ambiguity and confusion, the word free is often omitted with libre, hence libre software, to explain that free software is free as in freedom not price. Please read Free Software Definition for further explanation. However, in reality there are many uses of libre in multiple projects and communities and even in the name of several free software applications. We will examine them in this list. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt_5.12.11_Released⠀⇛ Qt 5.12.11 provides fixes to over 40 bugs compared to Qt 5.12.10 release. Please check details about the release from Qt 5.12.11 Release Note. As earlier Qt 5.12.11 can be updated to existing online installation by using the maintenance tool. For new installations, please download the latest online installer from Qt Account portal or from qt.io Download page. Offline packages are available for commercial users in the Qt Account portal and at the qt.io Download page for open-source users. # ⚓ Sometimes_more_data_can_hurt!⠀⇛ So here’s a mind blower: In some cases having more samples can actually reduce model performance. Don’t believe it? Neither did I! Read on to see how I demonstrate that phenomenon using a simulation study. # ⚓ Why_I_prefer_making_useless_stuff⠀⇛ There is nothing I find more liberating than to spend a Saturday afternoon coding on some toy project. There is no expectation or obligation to ever become more. It is just for fun, learning, and curiousity. I can add whatever features I want. I can use whatever technologies I want. I can throw it all away if I want. These are the projects I yearn for and look forward to when I’m busy with work. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl_Lists_–_a_Partial_Taxonomy_–_DEV Community⠀⇛ Mark Garder recently published the article A list of Perl list processing modules, a detailed and factual, unopinionated listing of eight Perl modules that manipulate lists. So, naturally, when his factual, unopinionated listing was cross posted to Redit, the first comment was the emotional, highly opinionated: “So how do we go about fixing this mess? Because it is a mess.”. Yes, the comment was mine. My intent was to see if we could create One List:: To Rule Them All. Not only does it confuse people who want to learn Perl to have various list functions in different modules (and to have functions that share a name across modules work differently), but it also confuses Perl veterans. And yes, once again, that’s me. # ⚓ Rakudo_Weekly_News:_2021.21_Chattering⠀⇛ Patrick Spek reports on behalf of the Raku Steering Council about the move of all Raku-related IRC channels from Freenode to Libera.chat, after most of the Freenode volunteers have left after what has been considered a hostile takeover. So if you want to chat with Rakoons, use the irc.libera.chat IRC servers from now on! The following channels have now effectively moved: #raku, #raku-dev, #moarvm, #cro, #mugs, #red and #raku-gamedev. And there is now also #raku-steering-council channel for direct communication with the Raku Steering Council. # ⚓ Perl_Weekly_Challenge_113:_Represent_Integer and_Recreate_Binary_Tree⠀⇛ # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_Python’s_pip_search_isn’t_working:_We_speak to_infrastructure_director_about_ongoing_traffic overload⠀⇛ Last December, the Python development team overseeing the Python Package Index (PyPI) temporarily disabled the search endpoint on its XML-RPC API because its infrastructure has been overwhelmed by “abusive clients.” The upshot is that searching for Python packages with pip, eg: pip search ascii or pip3 search png, isn’t possible because this backend search API is unavailable. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ KOTLIN,_The_enhanced_Java⠀⇛ A good programming language increases the readability of programs and their long-term maintainability. The faster the bugs can be fixed, the more time there isto develop a product. This is exactly where Kotlin comes in: The programming language on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has set itself the goal of preventing many errors from occurring in the first place. With zero safety , zero exceptions can be ruled out at compile time. A wealth of language constructs such as sealed classes , objects and inline classes make it possible to define data types that do not even allow inconsistent combinations which makes working with the language as pleasant as possible and despite the static typing, Kotlin can automatically determine the data type from the expression (type inference). * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The_Roving_Mind_of_Rachel_Kushner⠀⇛ One of the more tragic errors of our time is our ready conflation of what is iconic with what is well branded. In an effort at bypassing the difficult work of becoming someone, many of today’s would-be writers, artists, and thinkers opt to present themselves as walking pitch decks, glomming onto a marketable persona and riding it as hard and far as they can. Our moment’s lack of nuance is frequently bemoaned, but what strikes me as the far greater omission is the lack of real mess and breadth: the modern individual’s resistance to any inconsistency that can’t be readily assimilated into her personal brand. The artist is rebranded a “creator”; the goal is to “make things” to “put out there.” It sometimes feels we have forgotten the value of remaining open—of receiving, rather than curating, experience. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Let_us_Play:_Smartphone_brand_Honor_lets_slip_it_has_gained access_to_Google_Mobile_Services_licences⠀⇛ Honor, the phone brand formerly owned by Huawei, appears to have secured Google Mobile Services (GMS) licences, paving the way for a meaningful return to the European market. The news came from Honor’s German arm. A since- deleted tweet confirmed the firm’s upcoming Honor 50 smartphone series would carry the proprietary Google Android apps. It seems likely the public announcement went out before HQ made it official. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Wuhan_lab_staff_sought_hospital_care_before_COVID-19 outbreak_disclosed_–_WSJ⠀⇛ Three researchers from China’s Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) sought hospital care in November 2019, months before China disclosed the COVID-19 pandemic, the Wall Street Journal reported on Sunday, citing a previously undisclosed U.S. intelligence report. The newspaper said the report – which provides fresh details on the number of researchers affected, the timing of their illnesses, and their hospital visits – may add weight to calls for a broader probe of whether the COVID-19 virus could have escaped from the laboratory. # ⚓ Curious_what_cicadas_taste_like?_Cicada_recipes_could_help you_find_out⠀⇛ This year’s group is called Brood X, and they can be seen in 15 Eastern states from Indiana to Georgia to New York. Their cacophonous mating song can drown out the noise of passing jets. When the soil warms up enough, cicadas emerge from the ground, where they’ve been sucking moisture from tree roots for the past 13 or 17 years, depending on species. They shed their exoskeletons, attach themselves to branches, mate and lay eggs before dying off in about six weeks. When eating adult cicadas, it’s advised to pull the wings and legs off to reduce the crunchiness. But Gordon advises home cooks to gather the cicadas when they’re nymphs, before their body armor hardens and while they are still soft and chewy, like soft shell crab. # ⚓ Brood_X_cicadas_are_edible._Up_for_pizza_topped_with blanched_bugs?⠀⇛ In case you hadn’t heard, trillions of Brood X cicadas are emerging for the first time in 17 years. These critters spend most of their lives underground and come out for at least three to four weeks for a massive mating season, and they’re showing up in 15 US states and Washington, DC, leading some to turn to pest control. But there’s another — perhaps more, let’s say, natural — way to manage this insect emergence: eat them. # ⚓ Eating_trendy_Brood_X_cicadas:_What_the_bug_recipes_taste like⠀⇛ But this time around, the most adventurous among us won’t be satisfied merely hearing the deafening critters — some are preparing to cook these trending buggers up like a terrestrial crawfish boil. “You wanna eat the females, because they’re full of eggs,” Gene Kritsky, author of “Periodical Cicadas: The Brood X Edition,” told The Post. Ditching the tired just-like-chicken comparison, he analogized their flavor to something more like “cold asparagus.” # ⚓ Killing_Cyclists_Is_As_American_As_Mass_Shootings⠀⇛ Damn right. In climbing, the danger is high but also predictable, manageable. That’s the whole point. I’ve climbed for decades and trust myself to make good decisions. In road biking, the danger is more like the risk of getting struck by lightning while running around on a mesa during an electrical storm with a tin hat on your head. The only decision that matters is whether to run around at all. Every time you ride a bike on a road with cars, you depend absolutely on every human being driving every one of those cars not to make a careless, casual, no-big-deal momentary oops-level mistake that leaves you maimed or dead. Given the human propensity for such mistakes, that’s a nonstarter for me. Also: the bad stories never stopped coming. My daughter went off to college last year and met a terrific young man whose father, a guy very much like myself, was cycling in Napa County on a lovely Saturday morning in August 2012, as a perfectly sober but sleep-deprived nurse drove her BMW in the opposite direction. At roughly 9:30 A.M., the nurse turned left, apparently without first checking to make sure there wasn’t a cyclist going the opposite way, and killed that young man’s father. Law- enforcement officers showed up, looked around, and determined that, yep, the cyclist had the right of way. The perfectly sober nurse was 100 percent at fault in this 100 percent avoidable killing of another human being. In fact, all she would’ve had to do to not kill that young man’s father was think, Oh boy, before I make this turn, I better look carefully to make sure I’m not going to kill anybody. And sure, she tried her best to save his life and was clearly traumatized by the incident. But she was only convicted of a misdemeanor, with a penalty of community service. Because, see, in our system of laws and civic responsibilities, and despite how remarkably easy it is to not kill cyclists, that nurse’s error just wasn’t considered a big deal. In fact, homicide by automobile might be our country’s least-penalized way of killing other human beings. So, of course, let’s build heaps of cycling infrastructure in every American city. Cycling is unbeatably healthy, fun, social, and good for the planet, and good infrastructure makes it a lot safer. But let’s also find a way to fix our cultural infrastructure. # ⚓ How_Pharma’s_Lucrative_Patent_System_Is_Complicating_The Pandemic⠀⇛ There’s a worldwide shortage of vaccines but plenty of factories standing by to make them. Why is there such a gap between what we need and what we can make? On this week’s episode of PODCAST-19, we explore the surprisingly wild world of pharmaceutical patent law to understand how our system came to be and how it has shaped the pandemic. You can find the episode and a lightly edited transcript below. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_University_of_Minnesota_Linux scandal_doesn’t_smell_right._IBM_and Microsoft’s_toll_on_Linux_development bring_Windows-like_experience.⠀⇛ So, recently, the University of Minnesota got caught submitting bad patches to the Linux kernel, on purpose, and this led to a huge effort to review hundreds of patches that they had submitted to see which ones needed tweaked or backed out. In the early 2000s, there was a lot of fuss about one patch made on an obscure mirror of the kernel’s source tree, which implemented a backdoor, but was never (and would never) be merged. Linus Torvalds’ father, Nils Torvalds, all but admitted that Linus had been approached by the United States government asking him to backdoor Linux, at least once. The problem with the recent UMN scandal is not only that so many bad patches had to be backed out, or the fact that it took so many resources away from actively improving the kernel. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden’s_New_Executive_Cybersecurity_Order Highlights_the_Power_of_Open-Source_Security [Ed: Microsoft Windows causing far too many security incidents, e.g. Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, and finally there's a response to it? Remove Windows.]⠀⇛ On Wednesday, May 12th, in the wake of the recent Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack that shut down one of the largest US pipelines for nearly a week, President Biden signed an executive order placing strict new standards on the cybersecurity of all software sold to the federal government. This order is part of a broad, multi-layered initiative to improve national security by incentivizing private companies to practice better cybersecurity or risk being locked out of federal contracts. # ⚓ The_Colonial_Pipeline_Ransomware_Hackers_Had_a Secret_Weapon:_Self-Promoting_Cybersecurity Firms⠀⇛ On Jan. 11, antivirus company Bitdefender said it was “happy to announce” a startling breakthrough. It had found a flaw in the ransomware that a gang known as DarkSide was using to freeze computer networks of dozens of businesses in the U.S. and Europe. Companies facing demands from DarkSide could download a free tool from Bitdefender and avoid paying millions of dollars in ransom to the hackers. But Bitdefender wasn’t the first to identify this flaw. Two other researchers, Fabian Wosar and Michael Gillespie, had noticed it the month before and had begun discreetly looking for victims to help. By publicizing its tool, Bitdefender alerted DarkSide to the lapse, which involved reusing the same digital keys to lock and unlock multiple victims. The next day, DarkSide declared that it had repaired the problem, and that “new companies have nothing to hope for.” # ⚓ UK:_Customers_hit_as_ransomware_incident_blacks out_Doncaster_insurance_firm [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ We were so busy watching the Colonial Pipeline situation here that we appear to have missed a ransomware incident in the U.K. of note. It started typically enough, with the Doncaster Free Press reporting on May 14 that One Call Insurance had been hit the previous day, and customers were unable to reach the firm. It turns out that this was another DarkSide attack, but a lot of the UK coverage seems to have focused on the business owner’s past history, e.g.: [...] # ⚓ New_Android_12_privacy_features_don’t_mean Google_actually_care_about_your_privacy⠀⇛ On May 18th 2021 Google held its annual developer conference, Google I/O, where the company announces a number of innovations, products and software updates that will hit the market in the months to come. Among these announcements, the company introduced Android 12, its latest mobile Operating System (OS), that came with headline grabbing privacy features. Possibly trying to catch up with Apple, which is positioning itself as a privacy-friendly tech company and gave the adtech industry a kick in the teeth with its own recent operating system updates giving users the option to object to cross-app tracking, Google is making a number of changes to its OS to give more control to the users and improve security and privacy. These new features revolve around the camera, microphone and location and include: [...] # ⚓ Apple’s_Fortnite_Trial_Ends_With_Pointed Questions_and_a_Toast_to_Popeyes⠀⇛ On Monday, the trial — which covered esoteric definitions of markets as well as oddball video game characters — concluded with Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California pressing the companies on what should change in Apple’s business, if anything. The decision over the case, as well as the future of the $100 billion market for iPhone apps, now rests in her hands. Judge Gonzalez Rogers has said she hopes to issue a verdict by mid-August. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Air_India_reveals_passenger_data_stolen in_[crack]_attack⠀⇛ Air India, India’s national carrier, has revealed that the personal data of about 4.5 million people were leaked in an alleged cyberattack on the airline’s passenger system operator, SITA. The airline said credit card, passport, booking details and other personal data had been illegally accessed in the “highly sophisticated” attack. The carrier did not specify how many of its passengers were impacted. # ⚓ Amazon_to_extend_ban_on_police_use_of face_recognition_tech⠀⇛ Activists have targeted Amazon Web Services cloud computing unit’s “Rekognition” facial recognition technology and Ring surveillance cameras used for home security. It was not clear the degree to which police have used the systems. Amazon last year called for governments to put in place “stronger regulations to govern the ethical use of facial recognition technology.” # ⚓ 1.7_million_affected_by_[crack]_of_top Japan_dating_app⠀⇛ The personal data of more than a million users of one of Japan’s most popular dating apps may have been exposed by a [crack], its operator has warned. Net Marketing Co, which runs the Omiai app, said it detected unauthorised access in April to the server that stores member information. # ⚓ Facebook_Still_‘Secretly’_Tracks_Your iPhone—This_Is_How_To_Stop_It⠀⇛ So, this isn’t good. Your iPhone settings enable you to tell Facebook you don’t want your location tracked. It’s clear and non-ambiguous. Why then, if you tell Facebook “never” to access your location, is the data harvesting giant doing exactly that? Apple’s iOS 14.5 is just a few weeks old, and the data already suggests it has delivered the expected strike against Facebook . Unsurprisingly, more than 80% of users do not opt in to being tracked. Millions of you have seen through the brazen warnings that Facebook’s free apps won’t remain free unless we surrender our right to privacy. # ⚓ European_Parliament_calls_on_Commission to_open_infringement_proceedings_against Ireland⠀⇛ The European Parliament has adopted a resolution (Link) calling on the European Commission to start infringement procedures against Ireland, over the lack of GDPR enforcement. Today the votes became public: The resolution was adopted by a vast majority of 541 votes, with only one vote by an independent Member against the resolution (Link). 151 members abstained from the vote. The resolution took special issues with the Irish Data Protection Commission: [..] # ⚓ Privacy_vs._“I_have_nothing_to_hide”⠀⇛ To start this article, I should mention what those words mean. Freedom means “the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint” and liberty means “the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s way of life, behavior, or political views.” However, from now on, when I use any of those words, I mean both of them. So whether I write freedom or liberty, I mean “freedom and liberty”. I value my liberty. I think liberty is what makes humans, humans. As a Middle Eastern, I understand how much my freedom is valuable and important. Us Middle Easterners are very much familiar with struggles one can have to gain freedom. We fight for freedom in Middle East. If you’ve followed Middle East news in past 10 years, you surely understand what I’m talking about. Part of our fight for liberty needs us to be anonymous. In Middle East, you may get arrested or executed for simply talking against the dictator, so many of people take anonymity very serious when they talk politics, or anything else. Anonymity is part of privacy. Anonymity is a choice when someone has privacy. I should explain this too. Being anonymous is a choice while privacy is a right. Someone with privacy can or may be anonymous but one can be identified and known while one still has privacy. I for example am active in a social network with my real name but I still take my privacy seriously, and am careful about my computing and acts. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Alex_Saab_v._The_Empire:_How_the_US_Is_Using_Lawfare_To Punish_a_Venezuelan_Diplomat⠀⇛ The case of Alex Saab raises dangerous precedents in terms of extraterritorial judicial abuse, violation of diplomatic status, and even the use of torture to extract false confessions. This is according to Montréal-based international human rights lawyer John Philpot. He spoke on May 19 at a webinar sponsored by the Alliance for Global Justice and other groups about this example of the long reach of the U.S. empire enforcing its deadly sanctions on some one-third of humanity. # ⚓ Why_Shady_Billionaire-Funded_NGOs_Pushed_a_PBS_Report_on Nicaraguan_“Conflict_Beef”⠀⇛ There is much truth in the old saying, “He who pays the piper, calls the tune,” and the neoliberal era has spawned individuals with incredible wealth who, through “philanthropy,” can feel good and flex their influence at the same time. While these philanthropists can be liberal on some issues, they almost universally support U.S. foreign policy and the “free market;” and, because many of these super-rich individuals made their wealth through investments and speculation, most do not like a planned economy, socialized services beyond the private sector, or greater government control. # ⚓ Armed_men_kill_15_at_baptism_in_northern_Burkina_Faso⠀⇛ The attack took place in Adjarara, about 7 km from the town of Tin-Akoff in Oudalan province, very close to the border with Mali, according to a statement from the governor of Burkina Faso’s Sahel region. # ⚓ National_Guard_Ends_US_Capitol_Protection ⠀⇛ “These airmen and soldiers protected not only the grounds but the lawmakers working on those grounds, ensuring the people’s business could continue unabated. They lived out in very tangible ways the oath they took to support and defend the Constitution,” Austin said Monday. # ⚓ France’s_Le_Drian_Confirms_Kidnapping_of_French_Journalist in_Mali⠀⇛ Olivier Dubois this month appeared in a video appealing to authorities to do everything they can to free him from the JNIM (al Qaeda North Africa) holding him. # ⚓ Silos_and_saturation_salvoes:_Gaza_rockets_bedevil_Israel⠀⇛ Named after slain Islamist commanders and fashioned mostly from makeshift materials in clandestine Gaza workshops, the rockets of Hamas and Islamic Jihad have long bedevilled a technologically superior Israeli military. The current cross-border fighting has seen a new tactic by the Gazan militant groups: mass-launches aimed at exploiting the statistical failure rate of Israel’s air defences and increasing the chance of causing casualties in its cities. # ⚓ Spain:_Over_8.000_Migrants_Arrived_in_Ceuta_in_Only_Two Days⠀⇛ Spain accuses the Moroccan government of reducing border control on purpose, as a retaliation for the COVID-19 treatment given in Spain to the Western Sahara independentist Brahim Ghail. Morocco’s authorities deny having done so, but the fact is that a wave of migrants flooded the beach Ceuta, forcing local NGOs to offer assistance to the migrants, who swim several kilometers to reach Spain’s land. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ Indian_media_have_gone_easy_on_Modi._That’s_changing because_of_the_pandemic⠀⇛ While the human toll of the disease has been immense, journalists like Gaur are not just covering the tragedy of the situation. They’re also fighting for transparency and accountability from a government that has tried to clamp down on criticism of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his handling of the pandemic. As the crisis unfolded, Modi was initially slammed by the international press for not doing enough to prevent the catastrophe, and for downplaying the number of fatalities. The chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, who is a close ally of Modi, has been accused of intimidating citizens and journalists reporting on oxygen shortages in the state. New Delhi has even asked Twitter to remove tweets about Covid-19, including some that were critical of Modi. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Arctic_nations_pledge_to_cooperate_on_climate_despite rising_tensions⠀⇛ Accelerated global warming, untapped resources, new maritime routes opened up by retreating sea ice, and the future of local populations all topped the agenda as foreign ministers of countries bordering the Arctic gathered in Reykjavik in Iceland. # ⚓ [Old] Peat_Fires_Smolder_in_Siberia_Despite_Bone-Chilling Temperatures⠀⇛ Footage showing smoke rising from the snow in January and November offers physical evidence of the “zombie fire” phenomenon, which describes summertime blazes that continue smoldering through the winter, eventually igniting new fires. European scientists have voiced concerns that “zombie” fires could be causing earlier-than-normal wildfires. # ⚓ [Old] Peat_fires_continue_to_burn_at_air_temperature_of_- 50C_in_northeastern_Yakutia⠀⇛ The latest sighting of winter – zombie – fires was recorded on 23 January by the village of Saydy in the Tomponsky district of Yakutia, some 400km north-east of the republic’s capital Yakutsk. Local man Ivan Zakharov who filmed the fire at -50C told The Siberian Times: ‘It is burning near the area hit by last summer’s wildfires. ‘This area suffered extremely hot and dry weather. It must be either peat on fire here, or, as some hunters who noticed these fires suggest, possibly young coal (lignite).’ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Airline_pilots_switch_from_runways_to_railways⠀⇛ Pilots are generally perceived to be well trained, resilient and reliable — the same professional qualities required of train drivers. Deutsche Bahn told German news agency dpa recently that it had received job applications from 1,500 former pilots and flight attendants, out of which it had so far hired about 280, including 55 pilots and 107 former cabin crew. # ⚓ Tesla_Found_Guilty_Of_Throttling_Battery_Life, Charging_Speed_In_Norway⠀⇛ Tesla could be forced to pay out as much as $160 million to Norwegian Tesla owners after a Norway court ruled a 2019 software update throttled the electric cars’ battery life and slowed the charging speed. # ⚓ Tesla_Fined_$16K_Per_Owner_for_Throttling_Battery Capacity,_Charging_Speed_in_Norway⠀⇛ Tesla could be forced to pay out millions in compensation due to a software update it released back in 2019 to help protect the battery in its electric vehicles. As Electrek reports, the software update was released to “protect the battery and improve battery longevity,” but it came with two big side effects. The first was a reduction in range, and the second was reduced charging rates at Supercharger stations for Model S and Model X vehicles with 85kWh batteries. The affected models were sold by Tesla until 2016. # ⚓ Tesla_is_found_guilty_of_throttling_charging_speed, asked_to_pay_$16,000_to_thousands_of_owners⠀⇛ Back in 2019, Electrek reported on several reports from Tesla owners about seeing significant drops in range from 12 to 30 miles following a software update. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Many_Americans_don’t_trust_elections._What_can_be_done?⠀⇛ Other experts are calling for a cross-discipline, cross-partisan effort to stop political disinformation. Legislation may have a role to play: for example, revising an 1845 federal law that could be exploited to use allegations of voting irregularities as a pretext for state legislators to override the vote. In the end, it may be more than laws that hold together confidence in elections and democracy itself. # ⚓ Florida_governor_signs_law_to_block_‘deplatforming’_of Florida_politicians⠀⇛ The bill, SB 7072, was proposed in February, weeks after former President Donald Trump was banned from Facebook and Twitter after the deadly right-wing riot at the US Capitol. The law bars social media platforms from banning Floridian political candidates and authorizes the Florida Election Commission to impose fines if these candidates were to be deplatformed. The fines range from $250,000 per day for statewide office candidates and $25,000 per day for non-statewide offices. # ⚓ Ron_DeSantis’_Big_Tech_“censorship”_law_is_meant_to_create a_safe_space_for_conservatives_online⠀⇛ In February, a New York University study found that claims of anti-conservative bias in themselves amount to a form of disinformation. “No trustworthy large-scale studies have determined that conservative content is being removed for ideological reasons or that searches are being manipulated to favor liberal interests,” the report stated. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Journalist_Abby_Martin_Had_Free_Speech_Rights_Violated_By Georgia’s_Anti-BDS_Law,_Court_Rules⠀⇛ A federal court ruled in favor of journalist Abby Martin, who was barred from speaking at Georgia Southern University after she refused to pledge she would not boycott Israel.Judge Mark Cohen in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia recognized [PDF] a Georgia state law requiring certification is not “narrowly tailored,” “burdens Martin’s speech,” and she has a valid claim that her rights were violated.However, it also found three of the university officials Martin sued were immune from prosecution because in their “individual capacity” they supposedly could not have known the law was unconstitutional or “beyond debate.” “I am thrilled at the judge’s decision to strike down this law that so clearly violates the free speech rights of myself and so many others in Georgia,” Martin, the host of “Empire Files,” declared. “My First Amendment rights were restricted on behalf of a foreign government, which flies in the face of the principles of freedom and democracy.”“The government of Israel has pushed state legislatures to enact these laws only because they know that sympathy and support for the population they brutalize, occupy, ethnically cleanse, and subject to apartheid is finally growing in popular consciousness.”Martin added, “They want to hold back the tide of justice by preemptively restricting the right of American citizens to peacefully take a stand against their crimes.”Yet in states like Arkansas, Arizona, Kansas, Texas, and now Georgia, federal courts have deemed these laws inappropriately prohibit certain speech.On July 9, 2019, Georgia Southern University invited Martin to speak at the 2020 International Critical Media Literacy Conference.A week after Martin accepted the invitation to participate as a keynote speaker, university officials sent her an agreement. They would offer a $1,000 honorarium and cover travel and lodging expenses. However, Martin had to sign a pledge.“You certify that you are not currently engaged in, and agree for the duration of this agreement, not to engage in a boycott of Israel,” the pledge stated.Martin told university officials, “I’m sure you know, a lot of my work advocates the boycott of Israel, and my new film features that call to action. I cannot sign any form promising not to boycott Israel.”She was blocked from speaking at the university, and the conference was subsequently canceled.In 2020, Martin sued Steve Wrigley, chancellor of the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, and Kyle Marrero, the president of Georgia Southern University, in their official capacities. She also sued three conference services staff members at the university: Michel Blitch, Bonnie Overstreet, and Sandra Lensch, who were involved in planning the conference.According to the court decision, the Georgia law implicates Martin’s rights to freedom of speech and is discriminatory.“Even assuming that Georgia’s interest in furthering foreign policy goals regarding relations with Israel is a substantial state interest, defendants fail to explain how Martin’s advocacy of a boycott of Israel has any bearing on Georgia’s ability to advance foreign policy goals with Israel,” the court contended.Furthermore, as the court outlined “The certification requirement forces parties contracting with the state of Georgia to publicly assign a motive and speech element to what defendants deem merely economic conduct. The certification that one is not engaged in a boycott of Israel is no different than requiring a person to espouse certain political beliefs or to engage in certain political associations.”State laws like the one in Georgia demand contractors like Martin pledge their loyalty to the Israeli government if they would like payment of $1,000 or more from state institutions. Just like a federal court previously ruled in Arizona, restricting a person or company’s ability to participate in collective calls to oppose Israel “unquestionably burdens” protected expression under the First Amendment.The lawsuit was brought by the Council on American- Islamic Relations (CAIR) chapter in Georgia and the Partnership for Civil Justice Fund (PCJF). They called it a “major victory.”“Israel’s latest violent onslaught against Palestinians underscores the importance of advocacy for Palestinian human rights,” proclaimed CAIR Senior Litigation Attorney Gadeir Abbas. “By standing up against this illegal anti-BDS law, Abby Martin ensures that all Americans have the freedom to stand up for Palestine.”“As the world watches Israeli aggression continue in Jerusalem, the West Bank, and against the population it besieges in Gaza, it has never been more urgent to advance the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement against the Israeli regime,” Martin concluded. “The striking of this law is a necessary and timely opening to build this urgent task.” # ⚓ Russia_gives_Google_24_hours_to_delete_unwanted_material⠀⇛ A Russian regulator has given Google one day to delete banned content or face punitive measures. In a clampdown on tech giants, Moscow has said it wants to beef up its so-called [Internet] sovereignty. # ⚓ [Old] COMMUNICATION_FROM_THE_COMMISSION_TO_THE_EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT,_THE_COUNCIL,_THE_EUROPEAN_ECONOMIC_AND_SOCIAL COMMITTEE_AND_THE_COMMITTEE_OF_THE_REGIONS:_Tackling_Illegal Content_Online:_Towards_an_enhanced_responsibility_of_online platforms⠀⇛ 3. Detecting and notifying illegal content The objective of this section is to set out what online platforms, competent authorities and users should do in order to detect illegal content quickly and efficiently. Online platforms may become aware of the existence of illegal content in a number of different ways, through different channels. Such channels for notifications include (i) court orders or administrative decisions; (ii) notices from competent authorities (e.g. law enforcement bodies), specialised “trusted flaggers”, intellectual property rights holders or ordinary users, or (iii) through the platforms’ own investigations or knowledge. In addition to legal obligations derived from EU and national law and their ‘duty of care’, as part of their responsibilities, online platforms should ensure a safe online environment for users, hostile to criminal and other illegal exploitation, and which deters as well as prevents criminal and other infringing activities online. # ⚓ Prince_Harry’s_First_Amendment_Aversion_Is_Funny;_the Governments_That_Agree_Are_Scary⠀⇛ The appropriate reaction to criticism of constitutionally protected rights by a member of the British royal family is certainly an eyeroll. After all, we fought a revolution to make sure British aristocrats would no longer have a say over the freedoms Americans exercise, so the reminder that we dodged a bullet on that front is no surprise. What is more concerning, though, is that opposition to free-wheeling speech is more widely shared among people who are in a position to impose a disgruntled prince’s vision of good policy on the world at large. Prince Harry’s comments came on the May 13 episode of actor Dax Shepard’s Armchair Expert podcast. As the Hollywood- and Hollywood-adjacent celebrities commiserated about the awfulness of the paparazzi and their behavior, the wayward prince mused about the legal framework that allows intrusions into the private lives of famous people. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ EU_States_Combined_to_Force_Down_Snowden_Flight⠀⇛ The USA, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Austria combined to force down President Eva Morales’ jet in Vienna in 2013 after the CIA falsely reported whistleblower Edward Snowden was on board. The monumental cynicism of these nations in sanctioning Belarus for a directly comparable action is sickening, even by the standards of western hypocrisy. Indeed, to force down a Presidential jet covered by diplomatic immunity is a greater offence to international law than Belarus forcing down the Ryanair flight. # ⚓ State-sponsored_air_piracy:_Belarus_dictator_challenges international_security_norms⠀⇛ European leaders agreed to a series of sanctions measures against Belarus on May 24, the day after the East European nation sparked uproar by forcing an EU passenger jet to land in Minsk and abducting a high-profile dissident passenger. The rapid EU decision to press forward with a new round of sanctions underscored widespread alarm over Belarus dictator Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s actions and the challenge they pose to the rules-based international order. Belarus stands accused of using a terrorist bomb hoax on May 23 to divert a Ryanair flight from Athens to Lithuanian capital Vilnius while it was passing through Belarusian airspace. The flight was ordered to reroute to Minsk and escorted to the Belarusian capital by a fighter jet. # ⚓ Belarus_Is_Becoming_Europe’s_North_Korea⠀⇛ On Sunday, a Ryanair flight from Athens to Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, was forced out of the sky as it traversed Belarusian airspace. The government of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, who has clung to power despite widespread protests following a rigged election last August, ordered the plane to make an emergency landing in Minsk under the pretext of a faked bomb threat, carried out by Belarusian security operatives. In an audacious move that sparked a European security crisis, Belarus authorities scrambled a fully armed MiG-29 fighter jet to intercept the civilian flight. This unprecedented act, denounced by European officials as air piracy, was all aimed at capturing a single man: Roman Protasevich, one of the Belarussian dissidents who has been a constant thorn in Lukashenko’s side. Protasevich was pulled off the plane, along with several other Belarusian and Russian nationals. Vilnius has become a hub of opposition to Lukashenko’s rule, with Lithuania rejecting Lukashenko’s legitimacy and providing support and protection to exiles. # ⚓ Belarus_‘Hijacking’_Opens_New_Playbook_for_Autocrats⠀⇛ As the flight made its way north through Belarusian airspace, authorities in the country appear to have called in a bogus bomb threat and scrambled a fighter jet to divert the Ryanair flight to the capital of Belarus, Minsk. It was a brazen attack of air piracy to arrest Protasevich, who was added to the country’s terrorist watchlist last year because of his opposition activities, and who could now face the death penalty if he is convicted of crimes of terrorism. # ⚓ Kaljulaid:_EU_citizens_can_no_longer_consider_Belarus_a safe_space⠀⇛ The presidents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are calling for Minsk to release those “abducted” from a Ryanair passenger flight which was diverted on Sunday, the closure of the Belarusian airspace and effective EU sanctions. Following yesterday’s hijacking incident, President Kersti Kaljulaid held a video meeting with the Latvian and Lithuanian heads of state Egils Levits and Gitanas Nauseda on Monday morning to discuss joint steps to be taken in order to place pressure on Belarus within the framework of both the European Union and the United Nations. All three presidents are calling for those abducted to be released, for the closure of Belarusian airspace and for effective sanctions to be implemented at the European Union level. # ⚓ Belarus_journalist’s_family_fear_torture_after_plane arrest⠀⇛ The father of a journalist who was arrested after his flight was diverted to Belarus has told the BBC he fears his son may be tortured. # ⚓ Belarus_faces_international_fury_after_using_fighter_jet_to land_airliner,_seize_journalist⠀⇛ According to passengers on the jet who spoke to Reuters, Protasevich held his head in his hands and looked sad and scared on landing. He also appeared to pass his laptop and mobile phone to a female companion, while authorities were later seen taking Protasevich into custody on arrival in Minsk. It’s unclear what charges or jail terms Protasevich could face, but Belarus remains among a handful of countries in Europe to administer the death penalty. “While it sounds like an extraordinary Hollywood plot, it’s not. The reality of this apparent act of air piracy is chilling,” Marie Struthers, human rights group Amnesty International’s Eastern Europe and Central Asia director said in a statement. # ⚓ Belarusian_journalists_report_being_tortured_in_prison⠀⇛ “By torturing and mistreating imprisoned journalists, President Alexander Lukashenko’s government is trying to scare and deter independent media from continuing to cover social and political developments in Belarus,” said Jeanne Cavelier, the head of RSF’s Eastern Europe and Central Asia desk. “We call for the immediate release of reporters detained in Belarus and for the urgent inclusion of these abuses in the international investigation begun by the United Nations in March, specifically, for the inclusion of acts of torture, violence, arrests, prosecutions and convictions of Belarusian journalists who are clearly being targeted by the state apparatus.” Ten Belarusian government opponents filed a lawsuit in Germany at the start of May about more than 100 cases of “state torture” in Belarus, including torture of journalists. # ⚓ Belarus_diverts_prominent_critic’s_flight,_arrest_him_upon landing⠀⇛ A prominent opponent of Belarus’s authoritarian president was arrested Sunday after the airliner in which he was travelling was diverted to the country after a bomb threat, in what the opposition and Western officials denounced as a hijacking operation by the government. Raman Pratasevich, who faces charges that could bring 15 years in prison, was aboard the Ryanair flight from Athens to the Lithuanian capital of Vilnius when it changed course to head for Minsk. # ⚓ Belarus_opposition_figure_detained_as_airline_jet_is_forced to_land⠀⇛ The dramatic incident saw a Soviet-era MiG-29 fighter jet escort a Ryanair-operated passenger plane flying from Athens to Lithuania. The plane was instead suddenly diverted to Minsk, the capital of Belarus, where authorities detained journalist Roman Protasevich who had been on board. Data from the flightradar24.com website showed the plane was diverted just two minutes before it was due to cross into Lithuanian airspace from Belarus. # ⚓ Who_Is_Roman_Protasevich,_the_Captive_Journalist_in Belarus?⠀⇛ Mr. Protasevich, 26, was traveling by commercial airline from Athens to Vilnius, Lithuania, when the Belarusian air force scrambled a fighter jet. The flight, on the Irish airline Ryanair, was diverted to Minsk, the capital of Belarus, where the millennial opposition figure was taken into custody. The widely condemned tactic was the latest attempt by Aleksandr G. Lukashenko, the country’s authoritarian leader, to suppress the influential voice of Mr. Protasevich. # ⚓ Did_Belarus_‘hijack’_a_civilian_airliner_to_detain_an activist?⠀⇛ Ryanair flight 4978 was about to begin its descent to Vilnius in Lithuania on Sunday when it suddenly changed direction after a “security alert,” turning sharply east and descending towards the capital of Belarus, Minsk. Whether that security alert was a fabrication by the Belarus authorities is now at the heart of an incident which has sparked widespread international condemnation and raised serious questions about safety in the skies. Some governments have described the incident as a state-sanctioned hijacking. One of the passengers on board the Ryanair flight from Athens to Vilnius was Belarus opposition activist Raman Pratasevich, who is wanted on a variety of charges. For him the diversion was much more than an inconvenience. As soon as the plane landed, he was arrested, according to the Belarus Interior Ministry. # ⚓ RSF_condemns_NYT_reporter’s_unprecedented_expulsion_from Ethiopia⠀⇛ Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is appalled by Ethiopia’s expulsion of Simon Marks, an Addis Ababa-based reporter for the New York Times and Bloomberg News, just weeks after it suspended his accreditation. The Ethiopian authorities must stop constantly intimidating journalists, RSF said. # ⚓ Belarus_arrests_journalist_Raman_Pratasevich_after diverting_flight_to_Minsk⠀⇛ “We are shocked by today’s action, even as President Aleksandr Lukashenko’s government has increasingly strangled the press in Belarus for the past year, detaining, fining, and expelling journalists and sentencing them to longer and longer prison terms,” said CPJ Europe and Central Asia Program Coordinator Gulnoza Said. “We call on Belarusian authorities to immediately release Raman Pratasevich and for European leaders to respond forcefully to this violation of international norms.” # ⚓ Ethiopia_Expels_New_York_Times_Reporter⠀⇛ Ethiopia on Thursday expelled an Irish journalist working for The New York Times, dealing a new blow to press freedom in a country as the government fights a grinding war in the northern region of Tigray. The expulsion of the reporter, Simon Marks, comes one month before much-delayed Parliamentary elections in Ethiopia that are expected to cement the authority of the country’s embattled prime minister, Abiy Ahmed, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019. Mr. Marks had reported extensively on the war in Tigray, where there are widespread accounts that the Ethiopian military and its Eritrean and militia allies are committing atrocities, including massacres and sexual assault. # ⚓ [Old] As_Ethiopia_Fights_in_Tigray_Region,_a_Crackdown_on Journalists⠀⇛ And a foreign reporter working for The New York Times had his press credentials revoked, days after he interviewed victims of sexual assault and terrified residents in the conflict-torn Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Six months into the war in Tigray, where thousands have died amid reports of widespread human rights abuses, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia has sought to quell critical coverage of the conflict with a campaign of arrests, intimidation and obstruction targeting the independent news media, according to human rights campaigners and media freedom organizations. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Media_‘Border_Crisis’_Threatens_Immigration_Reform⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘He_died_like_an_animal’:_Some_police_still_‘hogtie’_people despite_risks⠀⇛ Officers pushed him face down on the street and tied a belt around his ankles and attached it to his cuffed hands so tightly his knees were lifted off the pavement. On the video, his last coherent words were “Help me.” # ⚓ Louisiana_Troopers_Claimed_Ronald_Greene_Died_in_a_Car Crash._Body_Cam_Footage_Shows_a_Deadly_Beating.⠀⇛ When Ronald Greene, 49, was killed after an encounter with Louisiana state troopers in 2019, the authorities originally told his family he died when his car crashed into a tree during a high- speed chase. That description turned out to be a lie. In reality, Greene was brutalized by the troopers who pulled him over, tased, beaten up, and even dragged. The initial crash report made no reference to a fight with police, but a medical report from an emergency room doctor documented that Greene’s injuries included stun-gun prongs in his back. The injuries did not add up. Though official documentation indicates that Greene died of cardiac arrest, it’s actually not fully clear how he died, due to the subsequent secrecy from Louisiana State Police about what happened. Just over two years later, the Associated Press has obtained 46 minutes of body camera footage recorded by one of the state troopers on the scene and has released clips and described the footage. # ⚓ Why_Do_Police_Keep_Shooting_Into_Moving_Cars?⠀⇛ That’s what happened with Brown. Many departments prohibit or discourage firing into moving vehicles, including the Pasquotank County Sheriff’s Office. Yet police keep firing at cars. On April 11, as jurors nearby in Minneapolis heard the trial of Derek Chauvin, police in Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, pulled over 20-year-old Daunte Wright. They discovered that Wright had an outstanding warrant, and attempted to arrest him. As Wright wriggled free of handcuffs, dove into his car, and began to drive away, Officer Kim Potter pointed her pistol at Wright, then fired a shot. After Potter shot Wright, his car went a short distance before striking another car, as well as a barrier. He died at the scene. While the Brooklyn Center police chief says he believes that Potter intended to fire her Taser rather than her pistol, the city’s use- of-force policy says that less lethal weapons should usually not be used on people operating vehicles, for fear of collateral injuries. # ⚓ White_Troopers_Policing_Black_Bodies⠀⇛ Furthermore, the police report, which would have been the only official accounting of Greene’s death if this video hadn’t come to light, is a damning false accounting of events, one that is in line with other false accountings that have been refuted by video in high-profile police killings. # ⚓ Two_Russian_journalists_persecuted_for_investigating_police corruption⠀⇛ A court ruled yesterday that Dorogov and Katelevskiy, who are both deputy chief editors at the independent investigative news website Rosderzhava, should remain in detention until the end of July while the police continue to investigate the case. Arrested near Moscow by around 20 members of the Russian special forces on the night of 28 July, they are accused of extorting more than 1 million roubles (11 140 euros) from a traffic policeman in exchange for an end to critical stories about him. The two journalists, whose investigative reporting has included stories about senior police officers seeking bribes from funeral services companies, are facing the possibility of 15 years in prison on this charge, which they think was fabricated with the aim of neutralising them. # ⚓ Why_police_reform_advocates_want_Congress_to_end_qualified immunity_–_Marketplace⠀⇛ “There’s a padlock on the front door of the federal courthouse for victims of police brutality,” said Marc Morial of the National Urban League. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Congress_could_spend_big_on_broadband._Tribal_nations_say it_can’t_come_soon_enough.⠀⇛ The internet connection was so poor where Tracey Yazzie’s children are enrolled in school on the Navajo Nation in Arizona last year that educators switched to a low-tech solution: paper, pencil and a yellow school bus. Each week, a bus from the Round Rock school would drop off packets of schoolwork for Yazzie’s two children, who had very little interaction with teachers and other students, because of spotty internet service when the pandemic closed schools, she said. “It’s been very challenging,” said Yazzie, a 33- year-old nurse. “But we at least have dial-up at home. Many of the families at the school don’t have any connection at all.” # ⚓ Vice_President_Kamala_Harris_Compares_Administration’s Broadband_Effort_to_Rural_Electrification⠀⇛ Highlighting the importance of broadband to the president, Vice President Kamala Harris on Monday compared the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 to what the Biden administration aims to do with expanding internet infrastructure. Harris said that the New Deal-era measure, signed by President Franklin Roosevelt almost exactly 85 years ago on May 20, 1936, provided federal support for the installation of electrical distribution systems for isolated rural areas of the United States. # ⚓ Craig_Settles:_Libraries_and_Telehealth_on_the_Vanguard_for Broadband⠀⇛ There are over 12 million homes in urban America that cannot get neither broadband nor telehealth. 75 percent of those are homes of African-Americans or other people of color. Countless millions of others homes technically have broadband, but in reality it is a pathetic attempt at coverage that lacks the strength to carry telehealth into enough homes. # ⚓ Mike_Gabriel:_Bye_bye,_Freenode!⠀⇛ This is a very short notice that I am not available via Freenode anymore. You can now reach me and the projects I am involved in (#x2go, #arctica, #ayatana-indicators) via the libera.chat IRC network. # ⚓ FSFE_is_migrating_its_IRC_presence_to_Libera_Chat⠀⇛ In response to the recent mass resignation of volunteer staff from Freenode, an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) network for Free Software communities, the FSFE is migrating its IRC presence to Libera Chat, a new IRC network with a similar focus founded by former Freenode staff. The FSFE has been present on Freenode for more than fifteen years, and throughout our tenure we have experienced only dedication, care, and professionalism from the network’s volunteer staff. When they feel forced to resign and launch a new network, we follow to continue experiencing the same level of care and dedication. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ One_Man’s_Fight_for_the_Right_to_Repair_Broken_MacBooks⠀⇛ The right to repair is the concept that when something breaks — a phone, a car, a computer — an owner should be able to get it fixed without needing to go to the manufacturer or the seller. Right to repair advocates say companies like Apple have a financial incentive to make monopolies out of repair, directing customers back to them when devices have problems. That way, they argue, companies can overcharge for repairs or cast off a device as irreparable to persuade a customer to buy a new one. For third-party iPhone and MacBook repair shops not officially authorized by Apple, getting parts can be difficult. Apple contractually forces recycling partners to shred old devices, according to a 2017 Motherboard investigation, preventing the parts from being reused. # ⚓ Amazon_in_Negotiations_to_Buy_MGM_in_Megadeal_(Report)⠀⇛ MGM Holdings, whose storied studio boasts one of the largest Hollywood film and TV libraries — including the iconic James Bond franchise — is in negotiations to be acquired by Amazon, according to a May 24 Wall Street Journal report citing unnamed sources. The newspaper says a deal figure could be “almost $9 billion,” and talks are advanced enough that a deal could be unveiled “as early as this week.” # ⚓ Amazon_Deal_to_Acquire_MGM_to_Come_as_Soon_as_Tuesday⠀⇛ Amazon.com Inc. is poised to announce an acquisition of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio as soon as Tuesday, according to a person familiar with the matter, marking the e-commerce giant’s biggest push yet into Hollywood. Amazon is in talks to pay almost $9 billion for the business, said the person, who asked not to be identified because the deliberations are private. The discussions — first reported last week — could still fall apart, and it’s possible that the price or timing changes. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Strategizing_Your_Patent_Filing_In_Europe⠀⇛ If the applicant files in Germany, it needs to be filed in the German Patent and Trademark Office (Deutsches Patent-und Markenam). Filing in this office has the advantage of getting low filing fees. The fees will be 40€* for an application submitted online with up to 10 patent claims, a 300€ search fee, or a 350€ search and examination fee. When the applicant applies to Germany, the office will prepare the search report within 8 months from the date of filing. This helps the applicant to have sufficient time to self-assess the application before the end of the priority year. The applicant can evaluate the state of the art and can make changes accordingly. Having high-quality searches at the German patent office, this office also takes applications in different languages where the translation can be done at a later stage. In Germany, filing in the English language is favorable since those applications are searched at priority. For all those applications filed in English, the term for filing the translation increases to 12 months after the filing date. A major advantage with Germany is with the possibility of suspending the examination procedure indefinitely, in case, the applicant has undecided European application and has not decided that whether it needs to file in Germany. In the UK, the British Patent Office is suitable for English applications where the initial assessment is provided within 6 months from the filing date. The filing fees are 20£ immediately or 30£ for later payment, search fee for online application 130£, Examination fee for online application 80£. The UK office provides a compliance period of four years and six months from the date of filing or priority in which the decision over the patent whether it needs to be granted or refused is conveyed to the applicant. The examination process which can be delayed in Germany cannot be delayed in the UK. Also, the applicant can file in the European Patent Office where the patent can be obtained with a single filing and examination process before a single patent office. The filing at the European Patent Office has to comply with that of patent protection required in the European Patent Convention. The online filing fee is 120€* for applications with up to 15 patent applications and up to 35 pages, designation fee 585€*, search fee 1300€*, examination fee 1635€. The highly experienced team at the GPF has the expertise in filing and has filed and advised clients in multiple countries in Europe and even at the European Patent Office. The team has successfully led various applications in Europe to the final grant of the same. # ⚓ Patent_Office_Updates_You_Need_to_Know⠀⇛ On May 20, 2021, the European Patent Office (EPO) announced that it is extending its videoconference pilot program for oral proceedings before the oppositions divisions. All oral proceedings will be held remotely through January 31, 2022. More info here. # ⚓ The_European_Patent_Office_Grants_Cannabics Pharmaceuticals_Patent_for_Company’s_Personalized Medicine_Drug_Discovery_Technology USA_–_English [Ed: Corrupt EPO treating cannabis as an invention and grants patent monopolies around it. Logic exists not when the sole goal is granting lots of patent monopolies.]⠀⇛ Cannabics Pharmaceuticals Inc. (OTCQB: CNBX), a global leader in the development of cancer related cannabinoid-based medicine, announced today that the company’s patent titled: “System and Method for High Throughput Screening of Cancer Cells” has been granted by the European Patent Office. # ⚓ Law_School_Canons:_Ford_–_The_New_Personal Jurisdiction_Quick_Reference_Guide [Ed: When patent trolls and other abusers of the patent system want to drag people to courts that openly advertise facilitating this abuse of the system...]⠀⇛ This past Spring semester, I had Civil Procedure II on my schedule. As taught this year, Civil Procedure II took us through personal jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, and finished off with the Erie doctrine. Personal jurisdiction was the bulk of our semester, taking us through midterms. I had my midterm on March 19, 2021 – six days before the Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial Dist. Ct. decision. Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial Dist. Ct., 141 S.Ct. 1017 (2021). Prof. Crouch[1] diligently placed Ford on our class’s radar as the midterm approached, and I was crossing my fingers every day to hope that my new Civil Procedure book wasn’t going to become outdated less than six months after I bought it. Luckily, that wasn’t the case! Instead of a radical ripple effect on personal jurisdiction, it made a splash in another way: expanding on our understanding of due process and specific jurisdiction. As of May 24, 2021, 63 cases have cited Ford. Upon reading Ford, it’s easy to see why. Ford is a fantastic resource for personal jurisdiction, elaborating on general and specific personal jurisdiction, expanding understanding of minimum contacts, and giving a north star to perform the analyses. Id. at 1024-25. [...] Upon finding that the tortious activity alleged by Galaxy was plausible, the court continues the personal jurisdiction inquiry into a third prong of due process under the Fourteenth Amendment. Id. Here is where the comfortable terms “purposeful[] avail[ment],” “arise out of or relate to,” and “traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice” come into play. Id. The court finds that personal jurisdiction is authorized and fair. Id. at *7. Soon, I will be taking a look more in-depth at these factors in future posts. Personally, Civil Procedure was one of the most interesting classes I had in my 1L. The Ford decision handed down a half-semester’s worth of studying in one neatly wrapped decision. While the Galaxy decision didn’t necessarily take advantage of the more heavy- hitting parts of Ford (e.g., expanding on the “arise out of or relate to” from Bristol- Myers Squibb, see footnote 1.), the decision used the succinctly worded descriptions of specific and personal jurisdiction as their targets for analysis. # ⚓ Opinion:_We_must_end_VICO_debate_once_EPO_case_is settled [Ed: The liars from EPO mouthpiece Managing IP (and person who did a puff pieces interview with EPO President months ago) tell_us_we_must_accept_a_stacked, rigged_kangaroo_court_set_up_to_legalise_the_illegal]⠀⇛ This week, many of us – as we have throughout the pandemic – will tune in to watch something online that we may have otherwise attended in person. On Friday, May 28, the EPO Enlarged Board of Appeal (EBoA) will finally consider whether oral proceedings at the Boards of Appeal (BoA) can be conducted by video conference (VICO) without the consent of all parties. # ⚓ A_guide_to_intellectual_property_rights_in_the_UK [Ed: Those are not properly and they are definitely not "rights", either. At one point in the process of becoming a "lawyer" do they program people to lie to other people?]⠀⇛ If you are launching a business in the UK, you may well want to consider some or all of these (at least to replicate the protection you have in other territories). Please note that, with effect from the end of the Brexit ‘transition period’ on 31 December 2020, EU- wide rights no longer give protection in the UK and the UK will not be deemed to form part of any relevant EU-wide regime. As noted below, this has particular implications for the UK’s trade mark and registered/ unregistered designs regimes. # ⚓ New_Vision_Gaming_&_Development,_Inc._v._SG_Gaming, Inc._(Fed._Cir._2021) [Ed: Kevin E. Noonan and chums still trying hard to stir up phony controversy to undermine the agency or court that thwarts loads of fake patents -- ones that USPTO examiners ought never have granted, notably software patents]⠀⇛ In one of the more daring (and somewhat risky) strategies by an appellant challenging an adverse decision in a covered-business method (CBM) review proceeding, New Vision Gaming asserted a purported conflict of interest by Administrative Patent Judges (APJs) in making institution decisions. According to the Appellant’s argument, the pay, bonus, and supervisory structure of the Patent Trial and Appeal Board raised at least the appearance that APJs could be improperly motivated in their own self-interest to institute CBMs and other post-grant review proceedings (see “Appellant Raises Due Process Issues in New Vision Gaming and Development v. SG Gaming”). # ⚓ EPO_Extends_Mandatory_Video_Conference_For_Opposition Division_Oral_Proceedings_Until_31_January_2022⠀⇛ The EPO has announced that it is extending the use of video conference for opposition division oral proceedings until 31 January 2022. The current measures, whereby all opposition division oral proceedings take place by video conference, were due to expire on 15 September 2021. We understand that this announcement means that no opposition division oral proceedings will take place in- person until after 31 January 2022. These measures do not apply to the Boards of Appeal. While the Boards of Appeal have also been conducting video conference oral proceedings, they have retained the possibility of in-person oral proceedings in Munich. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Court_Orders_WhatsApp_to_Suspend_Users_Sharing Pirated_Movie⠀⇛ The High Court in Delhi has handed down an interesting order aimed at preventing piracy of the new action movie ‘Radhe’. Following an application from Zee Entertainment and parallel criminal referrals, a judge has ordered WhatsApp to suspend allegedly infringing user accounts and take similar action against all other accounts subsequently reported for piracy. # ⚓ German_‘Upload_Filter’_Law_Sets_Standards_to_Prevent Overblocking⠀⇛ The German Parliament has adopted new legislation that will implement the EU Copyright Directive into local law. This includes the controversial Article 17 that, according to some, would lead to overbroad upload filters. To deal with these concerns, the German law prevents ‘minor’ and limited use of copyrighted content from being blocked automatically. # ⚓ We’re_Turning_20!_What’s_Happened_Since_2001?⠀⇛ When Creative Commons was founded in 2001, the internet was a budding universe with high potential, and platforms widely used today like Wikipedia and Google were only just getting started. CC’s founders were keen to hit the ground running, building on their work to ensure that, as the internet continued to grow, safeguards to knowledge, culture, and creativity were firmly in place. While those familiar with Creative Commons may know about our CC licenses that form the backbone of open and accessible sharing, they may be less tuned into our larger portfolio of work, spanning Open Education, Open GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums), advocacy and global network building. In celebration of 20 years of CC, we are excited to shed light on these endeavors, sharing our major accomplishments, and highlighting, too, some noteworthy appearances of CC in popular culture. # ⚓ Announcing_Our_20th_Anniversary_“Better_Sharing” Campaign⠀⇛ Now we’re looking forward to putting the tools to accessing, using, and resharing content in the hands of everyone, everywhere. We know that greater access to information means a stronger global community, more innovation, and increased capacity to solve the challenges the world faces today and in the years to come. To make this happen, CC has set an ambitious goal to raise $15 million. These funds will ensure we can continue to build accessible, equitable Open Infrastructure that truly responds to community needs and start new projects in Open GLAM (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums) and Open Science. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4998 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.25.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_26/5/2021:_Magit_3.0_and_Chrome_91_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:34 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Dell_OptiPlex_7090_Ultra_Review⠀⇛ OS Options [...] Ubuntu 20.04 NeoKylin v10 (China only, Coming soon) o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Supports_Oracle_Cloud_Infrastructure_Ampere_A1 Compute⠀⇛ Together with Oracle, Canonical announces an optimised Ubuntu image for the launch of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Ampere A1 Compute. Oracle Cloud customers will benefit from running Ubuntu, the most popular cloud operating system, on a secure, scalable, and highly cost-effective infrastructure. “Ubuntu on the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Ampere A1 Compute provides a high performing and cost- effective solution for all types of workloads. Ubuntu gives developers a highly optimized cloud operating system and kernel with excellent boot speed, strong security, and stellar stability,” said Matt Leonard, vice president, product management, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. # ⚓ EuroHPC’s_Leonardo_and_Lumi_Supercomputers_Take_Shape⠀⇛ Progress is now underway on these supercomputers, with Slovenia’s 6.8 peak petaflops Vega system already online. According to HPCWire, two of the three pre-exascale systems — Finland’s Lumi system and Italy’s Leonardo system — are taking shape as well. Spain’s MareNostrum 5 has yet to be detailed. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenIndiana_2021.04_overview_|_Community-driven_illumos Distribution.⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of OpenIndiana 2021.04 and some of the applications pre-installed. # ⚓ Improve_Efficiency_In_Chrome_or_Firefox_With_Vimium⠀⇛ Vimium is a browser extension that provides keyboard-based navigation and control of the web in the spirit of the Vim editor. It helps you navigate the web without touching the mouse. Vimium uses a clever highlighting method to navigate using links. # ⚓ And_the_Answer_is…_|_LINUX_Unplugged_407⠀⇛ From our origins with Linux to preparing your home LAN for a solar storm, it’s an Ask us Anything special edition! o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_To_Allow_Hot_Unplug_Of_AMD_Radeon_GPUs_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Linux 5.14 to debut later in the summer will allow for hot unplugging of AMD Radeon graphics cards such as when using an external GPU enclosure or passing back a GPU from a virtual machine to the host. Up until now the AMDGPU kernel driver hasn’t cooperated nicely with the Radeon GPU for hot unplug events. Going back a number of months AMD developers have been working to better support GPU hot unplug handling for AMD Radeon graphics cards as the current behavior could lead to system crashes and other problems when removing an “eGPU” enclosure or otherwise removing the graphics card from the system while in operation. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Intel_Protected_Xe_Path_Code_Updated,_Now_Defaults PXP_Code_To_Disabled⠀⇛ Intel’s open-source driver engineers remain very active on bringing up their discrete graphics card support under Linux with restructuring of the kernel driver to handle local/dedicated memory among a variety of other changes needed. Plus there are new features with the latest generation of Intel graphics such as the Protected Xe Path (PXP) for hardware-protected sessions for multi- user / multi-process scenarios. The Intel PXP code for their Linux driver has been in the works since last year and the latest revision now submitted. Protected Xe Path is hardware-protected sessions by way of encrypted video memory and a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) for protecting different sessions/clients running on Intel Xe graphics. This will likely be of importance for Intel Xe Graphics in the data center and any public clouds for ensuring different clients/processes are properly isolated. Intel hasn’t publicly talked much about PXP but their Linux support remains ongoing. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ DragonFlyBSD_6.0_Is_Performing_Very_Well_Against_Ubuntu Linux,_FreeBSD_13.0⠀⇛ Earlier this month in our initial benchmarking of DragonFlyBSD 6.0 we found DragonFlyBSD 6.0 performing much better than DragonFlyBSD 5.8, but how does that put its performance up against FreeBSD 13.0 and Ubuntu Linux for reference? Here are such benchmarks in our latest benchmarking of DragonFlyBSD 6.0, FreeBSD 13.0 (with both GCC and Clang), and Ubuntu Linux. Today’s round of benchmarking is looking at the performance of: - DragonFlyBSD 5.8.3 - DragonFlyBSD 6.0 - Ubuntu 21.04 - FreeBSD 13.0 - FreeBSD 13.0 + GCC (using the GCC 10.2 compiler from ports rather than the default LLVM Clang 11 compiler, so to have a run matching the other operating systems defaulting to GCC.) o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Magit_3.0_released⠀⇛ I am excited to announce the release of Magit version 3.0, consisting of 1264 commits since the last feature release two and a half years ago. The release notes can be found here. # ⚓ Magit_3.0_released⠀⇛ # ⚓ Feeling_Overwhelmed_With_Vim?_Try_Micro_Text_Editor Instead⠀⇛ Command-line text editors are a testament to the usefulness of the Linux terminal, allowing you to edit files without ever needing to leave the terminal. These editors use fewer resources and are blazing fast, perfect for some quick editing. Some of the popular command-line text editors include Vi, Vim, and Nano. These tools are so popular that they come preinstalled on most Linux distributions. However, some editors like Vi or Vim have their learning curves and key bindings which can be hard to grasp for beginners. Here’s a simpler alternative: Micro Text Editor. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_check_your_CPU_in_Linux⠀⇛ If you’re a Linux user and need to know your CPU hardware specs, there are many ways to find out. In this guide, we’ll focus on Lscpu, the cpuinfo file, as well as Inxi. This guide will show you how to use all of these tools to find your CPU specs on Linux. To start, open up a terminal window by pressing Ctrl + Alt + T on the keyboard, or search for “Terminal” in the app menu. Once the terminal window is open, follow along with the instructions below that correspond with the tool you prefer to use. # ⚓ How_to_manage_an_AWS_RDS_instance_using_aws-cli⠀⇛ You can easily create and manage RDS resources using aws-cli commands. In this article, we will see the commands to create an RDS MySql Instance and how to make a snapshot of the database. We will also see commands to tag the RDS Instance, delete the Instance, and do asnapshot. # ⚓ How_to_execute_a_.run_or_.bin_file_in_CentOS_8⠀⇛ There are some files that we are downloaded from the internet that have extensions of .bin or .run. To run such files, we have to set the permission to execute those files. A .bin or .run file is a self- extracting binary file in Linux and Unix Operating systems. For example, Java and Flash are two examples of such files. In this tutorial, we will learn how to run .bin and .run extension files. So let’s get started. # ⚓ How_to_Unzip_Files_in_Linux_Explained_with_Examples⠀⇛ In this article, we will explain how to use the unzip command in Linux to easily list, test and extract compressed ZIP archives. So you’ve been sent a zip file and now you’re stuck figuring how to unzip it’s content on Linux? You can use the unzip command to extract (unzip) the file on Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Use_Auto-CPUFreq_to_Squeeze_Battery_Life_In_Linux Laptops_–_Make_Tech_Easier⠀⇛ It’s no secret that the day-to-day use of a laptop is ultimately governed by its battery. Everything you do, from watching a video to opening your browser, sucks a certain amount of juice from your device. That juice will run out at some point, so the rule of the game is to delay that moment as much as possible. Unfortunately, Linux doesn’t quite cooperate with you. Although many distributions have made strides in terms of battery efficiency, they don’t make the best use of what your CPU can do to give you the most productive experience. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Google_Roboto_Font_on_Windows,_Mac_and Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_bind_a_service_to_a_port_in_Linux_|_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ The issue of binding a service to a port in Linux strongly depends on the operating system’s environment. A Linux OS environment exists either as a desktop or a server. The Linux server is a better candidate for the assessment of this topic. This assessment is in comparison to how these two OS environments deal with ports and services. The Linux server OS environment is more dynamic in offering ports and services functionalities. A Linux server machine is characterized by an IP address linked with the Network Layer and several port numbers linked with the Transport Layer. This characterization is under a normal network topography. In terms of functionality, a machine that exists in a defined network will depend on its assigned IP address for it to be located. So when an IP address points to a machine’s destination on an existing network, a port number will be associated with the machine system’s destination service. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Ajenti_Control_Panel_on_Debian_10_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Ajenti Control Panel on Debian 10. For those of you who didn’t know, Ajenti is a free, open-source, lightweight control panel for managing Linux servers. It comes with a lot of plugins to manage emails, websites, domains, and more. It is written in Python and provides a responsive graphical interface to manage the server. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Ajenti Control Panel on a Debian 10 (Buster). # ⚓ How_to_install_WPS_Office_2019_on_Deepin_20.2⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install WPS Office 2019 on Deepin 20.2. # ⚓ How_To_Install_PostgreSQL_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install PostgreSQL on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, PostgreSQL is a free-opensource object-relational database management system with over 30 years of active development that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, feature robustness, and performance. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of MySQL databases on an AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for Rocky Linux. # ⚓ A_Survey_of_Init_Systems⠀⇛ While most distros ship with systemd, init alternatives exist. Here are a few of the leading init systems available for Linux. Not long ago, few Linux users cared about the init system. It mostly ran in the background, the first process to run during bootup, and the one that started and, if necessary, stopped the others. However, the init system came under closer scrutiny in 2012-2015, when systemd started to be used as the init system in most major distributions. Many complained about its complexity and the way that it was promoted by officials in major distributions. Thanks to the Devuan distro, some even began to talk about “Init Freedom,” the right to choose your init system as though it was as basic as the four software freedoms advocated by the Free Software Foundation. Others replied that init freedom would complicate compiling packages and general distro releases. Today, the discussion continues. While most distributions ship systemd, a number of alternatives exist. Below is a quick summary of the leading init systems. If you are interested in trying one, the search filters on DistroWatch can let you locate which distro, if any, defaults to the init system that interests you. Alternatively, you can replace your existing init with another one, although the task is not for the faint- hearted, nor recommended for any except well- informed experts. # ⚓ Launch_Flatpaks_from_your_Linux_terminal⠀⇛ The Flatpak application distribution model is helping developers target Linux in a new and easy way, and it’s helping Linux users install more applications without worrying about what version of Linux they’re running. It’s an exciting technology, and on my Fedora Silverblue system, it’s the default package installation method. All of my desktop applications on Silverblue and several of my favorites I use on Slackware are running as Flatpaks. There’s one thing that makes Flatpak a little awkward in some cases, though, and that’s its naming scheme. For instance, when I install Emacs as a Flatpak, it’s registered on my system as org.gnu.emacs. This is done, apparently, for fear of clobbering the name of an existing system-level application—if I already have Emacs installed, then what’s the differentiation between /usr/bin/emacs and the Flatpak installation of Emacs? # ⚓ How_to_install_Gnome_on_FreeBSD_13⠀⇛ The initial setup of FreeBSD does not provide the Desktop Environment. It is command line mode only. If you want to use this FreeBSD 13 as your laptop or personal computer operating system, then you will need to install a Desktop Environment. There are some version of Desktop Environments available. They are Gnome, KDE and Xcfe. In this tutorial we will install the Gnome. # ⚓ Vincent_Bernat:_Jerikan:_a_configuration_management_system for_network_teams⠀⇛ There are many resources for network automation with Ansible. Most of them only expose the first steps or limit themselves to a narrow scope. They give no clue on how to expand from that. Real network environments may be large, versatile, heterogeneous, and filled with exceptions. The lack of real-world examples for Ansible deployments, unlike Puppet and SaltStack, leads many teams to build brittle and incomplete automation solutions. # ⚓ How_to_transfer_files_between_Android_and_Linux_with Warpinator_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ One would think, given the Linux roots in Android, that transferring files between the two platforms would be built into both operating systems. It’s not. However, adding such a feature isn’t nearly as hard as you think, thanks to a tool created for Linux Mint, called Warpinator. Although you won’t find Warpinator in the standard repositories for distributions outside of Mint, a Flatpak was created, so any distribution that supports this universal installation package can enjoy easy file transfer between Android and Linux. Let me show you how to make this bit of magic happen. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Hints_appear_of_Valve_making_a_handheld_Steam_“SteamPal” Neptune_console⠀⇛ Pavel Djundik, creator of SteamDB who has often dug up interesting new strings showing up in Steam updates has a new Twitter thread up going over some new appearances that raise some eyebrows. New appearances are seen mentioning a “Neptune” controller along with things like “GameList_View_NeptuneGames”, “SteamPal Games” and more curious entries that mention things like quick access and a power menu – all of which point to something quite a bit more than just a new controller. Not only that, there’s also earlier mentions of a “Callisto Developer Program” and “Device Optimized Games” going by what Djundik found. Recently, Valve’s Gabe Newell spoke at Sancta Maria College in Auckland, New Zealand that was highlighted in a since deleted Reddit posts (but you can find the video on the likes of YouTube) where Newell was asked about Steam on consoles to which Newell replied “You’ll get a better idea of that by the end of this year”. Initially, we thought that might mean the likes of Half-Life: Alyx on PlayStation VR 2 but now we’re not so sure going by this new set of leaks. # ⚓ CSGO_Devs_Fix_Trust_Factor_Issues_for_Linux_Users [Ed: Seems possible this is a plagiarism site]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gaming_on_the_Librem_14⠀⇛ Gaming on the Librem 14 is respectful, ad-free, and covers most game classes at no upfront or monthly cost, all while protecting your data. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_DEVLOG_4:_Finishing_Up_the_Active_Applet Indicator!⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tech_report_of_fund.krita.org⠀⇛ Featured image of post Tech report of fund.krita.org A few weeks ago, the Krita project announced the Krita Dev Fund. This project scope was the same as the Blender Dev Fund. Provide a stable way to fund the development of Krita via recurring donations. Since I was the one who helped with the technical bits on the website and I heard that were are interested FOSS communities that want to deploy something similar, I decided to write a small tech report about how we did it in Krita. Luckily for us, when we started researching how to create something similar, we rapidly discovered that the Blender Fund website itself is open source and licensed under the same license as Blender: GPL. It made it easy to reuse the code. The system is written with Django for the backend and uses Braintree as a payment provider. The code was built with Blender need in mind and not as a reusable project that I could use without any change, so a fork was inevitable. To make the maintenance more manageable, I decided to try to stay as near as possible to upstream in our Python code so that it’s easy to rebase the Krita fork when needed. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_40′s_Shell_Theme_Code_Is_Rather_Expensive_But Optimization_Pursued⠀⇛ It’s been a while since last having any major/exciting optimizations to the GNOME desktop to report on by Canonical’s Daniel van Vugt that is known for his performance work over the past few years, but some optimizations are forthcoming. In particular, Daniel noted that he noticed with GNOME 40 that up to half of the render time is being consumed by the GNOME Shell’s theme code. He is now investigating possibly rewriting the slow parts of the theme code as a shader in order to cut down that render time. This work though is still in the early stages with no merge request yet or any guarantee of success. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Kaboxer_–_Kali_Applications_Boxer⠀⇛ What does that mean? Apps in containers, for packages (a way forward for applications that are hard to package properly). But instead of being stand alone containers, they are integrated into the standard Kali package management systems and can be installed/removed through standard apt commands. Okay. But what does Kaboxer do? Not every tool is easy to package. There are various criteria to meet, at times some crazy dependency trees or peculiar system modifications. You may need to use a legacy library, or you may need to change a configuration of something that would break another application. What do you do? We work with tool authors to try and make it easier, or we spend many late nights trying to get it to fit or we are just unable to package it. Enter Kaboxer. Using containers we can put in complex non-standard package into a container and integrate it with the rest of the operating system, and bundle it up into the packaging eco-system. This means you can apt-install a Kaboxer program and use it without needing to take any special steps. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_supports_Oracle_Cloud_Infrastructure_Ampere_A1 Compute⠀⇛ Together with Oracle, Canonical announces an optimised Ubuntu image for the launch of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Ampere A1 Compute. Oracle Cloud customers will benefit from running Ubuntu, the most popular cloud operating system, on a secure, scalable, and highly cost-effective infrastructure. “Ubuntu on the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Ampere A1 Compute provides a high performing and cost-effective solution for all types of workloads. Ubuntu gives developers a highly optimized cloud operating system and kernel with excellent boot speed, strong security, and stellar stability,” said Matt Leonard, vice president, product management, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure. “Ampere and Canonical are partnering to bring cloud native solutions to the market. Together, we have optimized everything from the Ubuntu OS to OpenStack to K8s to Anbox Cloud for Ampere® Altra®. We are excited to see all of these technologies available to the market on the OCI Ampere A1 platform, which is available on the OCI Free Tier today,” said Jeff Wittich, Chief Product Officer at Ampere Computing. # ⚓ Oracle_Ampere_A1_Compute_tuning_for_advanced_users⠀⇛ With CPU-bound benchmarks and applications such as SPEC CPU 2017, it’s relatively straightforward to get optimal performance on an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Ampere A1 Compute instance. But, for applications that have many interrupts or that share memory across non-uniform memory access (NUMA) nodes, it takes some effort to get the best performance. On NUMA systems, a key aspect to control is remote memory accesses. Ensuring that work is done where an application’s memory is located reduces expensive remote memory accesses and results in the best and most predictable performance on large-scale applications. # ⚓ Start_developing_Arm-based_applications_quickly_using the_Oracle_Linux_Cloud_Developer_image⠀⇛ We are excited for the availability of our Arm compute service on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), built to deliver a high performance cloud offering based on the Ampere Altra processor. With the launch of the Ampere A1 Compute platform in OCI, we are also pleased to announce the availability of the Oracle Linux Cloud Developer image as part of OCI’s Arm developer ecosystem. The launch of the Oracle Linux Cloud Developer image for Arm in OCI provides a fast and easy path to transition, build, and run Arm-based applications with the best price-performance in the cloud. This image bundles the most valuable and useful development tools, includes free licensing and support for many of these tools, and enables an immediate launch of a complete Arm development environment in the cloud. # ⚓ Different_Approaches_to_Open_Source_Knowledge Sharing⠀⇛ Deb Bryant looks at how different open source communities develop, maintain, and distribute best practices. Paragraphs Creating open source software is a massive knowledge-sharing experience, says Deb Bryant, Senior Director of Red Hat’s Open Source Program Office (OSPO) in a recent article at Opensource.com. Over time, she says, open source communities have “honed their knowledge into best practices as a natural byproduct of the open collaboration and transparency passed on within their respective communities.” # ⚓ Migrating_to_SAP_S/4HANA:_Migration_deadlines_and_how Red_Hat_technologies_can_help [Ed: IBM Red Hat as a proprietary software reseller]⠀⇛ Digitalizing key business processes can be mission critical. But for many businesses, the pandemic slowed progress on key digital transformation initiatives. If your business depends on traditional SAP environments, delays are particularly problematic given the 2027 deadline for migration to SAP HANA or SAP S/4HANA. Red Hat can help by providing a portfolio of solutions that reduce the complexity of migration, make your data center more efficient, simplify hybrid IT, power the intelligent edge, and allow you to generate new business value. # ⚓ IBM_WebSphere_App_Server_Now_Available_on_Azure_Linux VMs [Ed: IBM boosting Microsoft monopoly, not just in GitHub but also outside it. IBM is a truly misguided company that attacks the founder of GNU/Linux while propping up his enemies.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_IBM_is_building_together_across_the_tech ecosystem_to_enable_developers [Ed: IBM boosting Microsoft, as it_did_in_the_1980s]⠀⇛ As we heard at Think 2021, the era of hybrid cloud is increasing demands on enterprise developers with more responsibility shifting to you and your work as the critical success factors. An IBM Institute for Business Value study, The hybrid cloud platform advantage found that a typical enterprise uses nearly 8 clouds from multiple vendors, and in the next 3 years, hybrid cloud adoption is expected to grow by 47%. The average organization will be using nearly 6 clouds. As a result, businesses can benefit the most when they are supported by an ecosystem of partners that continually provides their best technologies and industry expertise. At this inflection point for enterprise developers, you’re being asked to deliver the kinds of solutions that require you to consistently invest in your skillsets and to build together collaboratively in an ecosystem environment. To help ease this transformation, my team’s goal is to help you build together: increasing capabilities for developers and lifting burdens that have previously hindered your innovation. A few months ago, we talked about an ongoing collaboration between IBM and Microsoft to enable the WebSphere product portfolio on Azure. Today, we are pleased to announce the availability of a new solution to run the IBM WebSphere Application Server (Traditional) Network Deployment on Azure Linux Virtual Machines. The solution is jointly developed and supported by IBM and Microsoft, and a wonderful example of how we are building together across the ecosystem to give you more flexibility to accomplish your goals. # ⚓ Fedora_Podcast_Has_Returned_With_The_Destination Linux_Network⠀⇛ The Fedora Community has brought back the Fedora Podcast! If that wasn’t enough, the Fedora Podcast has also joined the Destination Linux Network as a collaborative effort to spread the word about all things Fedora! I know I might be slightly biased about this news but I am incredibly excited to work with Fedora in making the new season of the Fedora Podcast a huge success! For those who might not be aware, Front Page Linux is an open community powered news, tutorial, article, etc. website brought to you by the Destination Linux Network. I know I speak for the entire DLN crew when I say “Welcome to the Family”. # ⚓ Adam_Young:_What_is_the_Fedora_34_RAW_Image._Part one⠀⇛ I was able to boot my Raspberry Pi using the Pi Imager and the Fedora AARCH64 Raw Image. While this makes me happy, I don’t really understand what these pieces are. So, I want to take a little more look at them. # ⚓ Adam_Young:_What_is_the_Fedora_34_RAW_Image._Part Two⠀⇛ Last article I discussed the Fedora RAW file image and the first partition it contains. Now let us look at the second and third partitions. # ⚓ IBM_COBOL_for_Linux_on_x86_1.1_is_now_generally available⠀⇛ IBM COBOL for Linux on x86 1.1 is the latest addition (as of April 2021) to the IBM COBOL compiler family. It is designed for developing and modernizing applications for Linux on x86 and hybrid cloud environments where applications can seamlessly share data and logic with critical applications running on IBM z/OS. [...] You can find other important resources such as the data sheet, blogs, and support links in the Resources tab on the IBM COBOL for Linux on x86 product page. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Adding_a_custom_postinst_script_to_the_FAI_image⠀⇛ The FAIme service now supports uploading a custom shell script. This script is added to the installation ISO and gets executed during the first boot on request. You can upload a plain shell script or a compressed version using gzip. Using the postinst script you can adjust the new installed system to your local needs after FAI has done the initial installation. # ⚓ Steinar_H._Gunderson:_LZ24⠀⇛ I cooked together a new compression format over the weekend; it’s based on experiences I had way back when I worked on Snappy, and intends to be as kind as possible to the branch predictor. I don’t intend to productionize it because it isn’t competitive (see below), but I still think the idea is interesting enough to put out there. The implementation isn’t much; it’s generally slightly less dense than Snappy, but decompresses faster than it, but it thoroughly trounced by LZ4 still (factor 2–3x!). I don’t know if that’s LZ4′s format being inherently faster or just if it’s about the massive amount of tuning in the implementation; back when we open-sourced Snappy, it was in the same league as LZ4 (well, faster to begin with, and then LZ4 picked up a lot of the same tricks and had a simpler format), so evidently, a lot of things have happened, and I don’t have the patience anymore to tweak individual cycles. # ⚓ EasyOS_now_has_a_save-file⠀⇛ I have only edited two scripts, in the initrd: /init and /sbin/fscheck Booting from USB-stick, WKG_DEV (in my case) is “sdb2″, and WKG_DIR is “easyos”. The init script creates a sparse file, /mnt/sbd2/ easyos/easysave.ext4, with ext4 filesystem in it, slightly less size than the amount of free space in sdb2 — but being a sparse file, it only takes up a tiny fraction of that, due to whatever files are in it. The init script then mounts /mnt/sbd2/easyos/ easysave.ext4 on /mnt/sbd2/easyos, and everything proceeds as normal. /mnt/sbd2/ easyos will look just as it did before, with the folders ‘containers’, ‘home’, ‘releases’, ‘.session’ and ‘sfs’ in it. To users, it will seem like nothing has changed. However, as /mnt/sbd2/easyos is a mounted ext4 filesystem, sdb2 no longer has to have a Linux filesystem. sdb2 could have an NTFS filesystem. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_GPIO_support_in_Ubuntu_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ We are proud to announce that Ubuntu 21.04 includes support for the GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi. This has been a long time coming. We know. With support for the camera modules and Bluetooth added last year GPIO was the obvious next step. But with our Raspberry Pi focused engineers working to make sure there was Pi support for the Ubuntu Core 20 launch earlier this year, GPIO got pushed back. But not longer. [...] This is all because we want to build a more interactive community around Ubuntu on the Raspberry Pi. A big part of building a community like this is starting conversations. That started with our call for feedback and to ‘try things out’, and continues next week (June 1st) when Will Wilson (jawn-smith, the author of the tutorial), Dave Jones (waveform and long time Ubuntu Pi guy), and I sit down on a YouTube and Twitch live stream to talk about Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi, the past, the future, and the community. # ⚓ Ubuntu_in_the_wild_–_25th_of_May_2021⠀⇛ The Ubuntu in the wild blog post ropes in the latest highlights about Ubuntu and Canonical around the world on a bi-weekly basis. It is a summary of all the things that made us feel proud to be part of this journey. What do you think of it? [...] The nature of the security landscape itself makes it impossible to be completely prepared for the new threats coming in. The number and the diversity of attacks keep on increasing, which pose the question: do you really need immediacy to have a secure environment? Focusing on the short term negatively impacts the long term, and companies need to shift their approach to be more secure. In this article, Nikos Mavrogiannopoulos, Product Manager at Canonical, presents the benefits of Extended Security Maintenance (ESM). o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_is_officially_releasing_its_Fuchsia_OS,_starting_w/ first-gen_Nest_Hub⠀⇛ Google’s long-in-development, from-scratch operating system, Fuchsia, is now running on real Made by Google devices, namely, the first- generation Nest Hub. Google has told us that as of today, an update is beginning to roll out to owners of the first- generation Nest Hub, first released in 2018. For all intents and purposes, this update will not change any of the functionality of the Nest Hub, but under the hood, the smart display will be running Fuchsia OS instead of the Linux-based “Cast OS” it used before. In fact, your experience with the Nest Hub should be essentially identical. This is possible because Google’s smart display experience is built with Flutter, which is designed to consistently bring apps to multiple platforms, Fuchsia included. # ⚓ Google_Rolls_Out_Fuchsia_OS_to_First-Generation_Nest_Hub⠀⇛ # ⚓ Arm_announces_first_Armv9_cores,_including_powerhouse Cortex-X2⠀⇛ Arm unveiled its first Armv9 cores: Cortex-X2 (16% faster than -X1), Cortex-A710 (10% faster than - A78), and Cortex-A510 (35% faster than -A55), all with at least twice the AI power of their predecessors. After announcing the Armv9 architecture in March, Arm has quickly followed up with the first three core IP designs based on it: the flagship, customizable Cortex-X2, as well as the “Big” Cortex-A710 and “Little” Cortex-A510. Arm skipped over the Cortex-A79 and -A56-59 naming schemes, perhaps to emphasize the fresh start with Armv9. Arm also announced a DSU-110 L3 bus follow-on to DynamIQ, which enables 8MB L3 on the Armv9 designs, as well as a high-end Mali-G710 GPU (see farther below). # ⚓ Arm_Announces_The_Cortex-X2_Armv9_Flagship_CPU,_Cortex- A710,_Cortex-A510⠀⇛ Arm today announced the Cortex-X2 as their new flagship Armv9 processor design. The Cortex-X2 was announced by Arm this morning along with the Cortex-A510 as a new Armv9 “little” core design and the Cortex-A710 was also announced as the Cortex-A78 successor. # ⚓ PC/104_boards_keep_the_legacy_alive_with_Quadro_P1000_and Intel_Braswell⠀⇛ Adlink announced the “CM5-P1000,” the first PC/104 board equipped with Nvidia’s Quadro P1000 graphics. Meanwhile, ICOP has introduced a PC/104 form-factor “IBW-6954” SBC with an Intel Braswell CPU. Adlink and ICOP have each announced products that support the legacy PC/104 embedded board form factor and run Linux and Windows 10. Adlink’s CM5- P1000 is billed as the world’s first PC/104 board featuring Nvidia’s Quadro P1000, bringing advanced graphics and AI capabilities to legacy customers. ICOP’s IBW-6954 brings its customers somewhat up to date with an Intel Atom processor from the 6-year- old Braswell generation. ICOP chose Braswell because it is the last Intel platform that can support both UEFI and Legacy BIOS. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ This_low-cost_motion_control_rig_helps_capture_high- quality_shots_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Being a camera operator is tough. Having to move the camera and maintain a smooth motion can be tricky, and the speed at which it’s done is never consistent. That’s what prompted Andy to create his own motorized robotic camera rig that can move in up to four different axes simultaneously. The camera gets attached to a standard mounting plate and then placed into the gimbal. The gimbal is able to both pitch the camera up (rotate around the X axis) and rotate it side to side (called ‘yaw’ or Z-axis rotation). In order to prevent a bunch of wires from tangling around each other while spinning, each rotational axis uses a slipring to transfer electrical power and signals continuously. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android_12:_4_hidden_features_you’re_sure_to_love from_day_one_–_CNET⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Beta_1_Brings_389_New_Emojis:_Here’s_a Look_At_All_New_Android_Emojis,_In_Photos⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12′s_quietly_important_privacy_progress_| Computerworld⠀⇛ # ⚓ Poll:_How_many_Android_devices_do_you_have_aside_from phones?⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_preview_links_in_Chrome_on_Android_|_Android Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_enable_Google_Meet’s_noise_cancellation_on your_Android_device_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Arm_introduces_its_first_Armv9_architecture_CPUs_and GPUs,_previewing_2022’s_Android_flagships_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Cubic_Enhances_Ventra_Card_Offering_to_Include Contactless_Fare_Payment_Option_for_Android_Users_| Business_Wire⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Inductive_Bias:_When_it_takes_a_pandemic_…⠀⇛ 2020 was a special year for all of us – with “us” here meaning the entire world: Faced with a truly urgent global problem that year was a learning opportunity for everyone. For me personally the year started like any other year – except that news coming out of China were troubling. Little did I know how fast those news would reach the rest of the world – little did I know the impact that this would have. I started the year with FOSDEM in Brussels in February – like every other year, except it felt decidedly different going to this event with thousands of attendees, crammed into overfull university rooms. Not a month later, travel budgets in many corporations had been frozen. The last in person event that I went to was FOSS Backstage – incapable of imagining just for how long this would be the last in person event I would go to. To this date I’m grateful for Bertrand for teaching the organising team just how much can be transported with video calls – and I’m still grateful for the technicians onsite that made speaker-attendee interaction seamless – across several hundred miles. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Stable_Channel_Update_for_Desktop⠀⇛ The Chrome team is delighted to announce the promotion of Chrome 91 to the stable channel for Windows, Mac and Linux. This will roll out over the coming days/weeks. # ⚓ Chrome_91_Released_With_Gravity_Sensor_API, JSON_Modules,_WebAssembly_SIMD_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Google has released Chrome 91 as a rather exciting feature update to their open-source, cross-platform web browser. Exciting with Chrome 91 is WebAssembly SIMD support for making use of the system’s native SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) instruction capabilities within WebAssembly while remaining platform independent. WebAssembly SIMD being enabled by default with Chrome 91 should be of big help for performance sensitive WASM. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Updates_to_Firefox’s_Breach_Alert_Policy⠀⇛ Your personal data is yours – and it should remain yours! Unfortunately data breaches that reveal your personal information on the internet are omnipresent these days. In fact, fraudulent use of stolen credentials is the 2nd-most common threat action (after phishing) in Verizon’s 2020 Data Breach Investigations report and highlights the problematic situation of data breaches. In 2018, we launched Firefox Monitor which instantly notifies you in case your data was involved in a breach and further provides guidance on how to protect your personal information online. Expanding the scope of protecting our users across the world to stay in control of their data and privacy, we integrated alerts from Firefox Monitor into mainstream Firefox. We integrated this privacy enhancing feature into your daily browsing experience so Firefox can better protect your data by instantly notifying you when you visit a site that has been breached. While sites continue to suffer password breaches, other leaks or lose other types of data. Even though we consider all personal data as important, notifying you for every one of these leaks generates noise that’s difficult to act on. The better alternative is to only alert you in case it’s critical for you to act to protect your data. Hence, the primary change is that Firefox will only show alerts for websites where passwords were exposed in the breach. # ⚓ Why_I’m_joining_Mozilla’s_Board_of_Directors⠀⇛ I was born and raised in Zambia and came to the United States for university. Even though growing up, I had almost no exposure to computers, I chose to study computer engineering. Fortunately for me, this leap of faith proved to be a great decision, as I’ve been very blessed with the career that came after. [...] From the beginning, Mozilla has had an important vision: for the internet to benefit everyone, it should remain a global resource that is open and accessible. With this vision in mind, Mozilla has played a prominent role in the advancement of open source and community collaboration. The impact of Mozilla has catalyzed the internet as a force for good, as it touches lives in some of the least developed parts of the world. # ⚓ Mozilla_Newspeak_extension_falls_flat_as_only ~1,200_users_in_the_world_need_a_safe_space_from harsh_language.⠀⇛ Last year, Mozilla created a new extension called Bitch to Boss, which did the very important job of taking some unkind words about women and changing them to appear as “boss” for only the people who installed that extension. George Carlin mocked the self-esteem movement. (“Most people with low self-esteem, have earned it.”) It has created people so fragile that they need to shelter themselves from words. Mozilla has invested itself in releasing 6 updates to the extension since it released 15 months ago, and according to the page, it has 1,225 users in the entire world. Which is where Firefox itself might be if Boss Mitchell Baker has her way with it for a few more years. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PGO,_the_Crunchy_Postgres_Operator_4.7_Released:_PVC Resize,_GCS,_Advanced_Cloning,_and_more!⠀⇛ Crunchy Data is pleased to announce the release of version 4.7 of PGO, the Postgres Operator from Crunchy Data, which automates and simplifies deploying and managing open source Postgres clusters on Kubernetes and other Kubernetes-enabled Platforms. Instructions for getting started with the Postgres Operator can be found here: # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ Community_meeting_on_the_future_of_our_IRC_presence⠀⇛ The meeting will be held in the #fsf channel on the Freenode network on Thursday, May 27 from 13:00-14:30 EDT (17:00-18:30 UTC). The discussion will be moderated by members of the FSF staff, as well as GNU webmasters Amin Bandali and Jason Self. # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ Thomas_Fitzsimmons:_Excorporate_1.0.0⠀⇛ I think there’s a lot of potential to create nice user interface features with Excorporate’s API — like a scheduler that shows people’s availability with ASCII-art bars, usable on a TTY. The included Org, diary and calfw front-ends show real- world usage of the API. I hope people send patches for new user interface features and keybindings, and contribute new authentication methods. I’ll continue watching for bug reports. # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ SPDX:_It’s_Already_in_Use_for_Global_Software Bill_of_Materials_(SBOM)_and_Supply_Chain Security⠀⇛ In a previous Linux Foundation blog, David A. Wheeler, director of LF Supply Chain Security, discussed how capabilities built by Linux Foundation communities can be used to address the software supply chain security requirements set by the US Executive Order on Cybersecurity. One of those capabilities, SPDX, completely addresses the Executive Order 4(e) and 4(f) and 10(j) requirements for a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM). The SPDX specification is implemented as a file format that identifies the software components within a larger piece of computer software and metadata such as the licenses of those components. SPDX is an open standard for communicating software bill of material (SBOM) information, including components, licenses, copyrights, and security references. It has a rich ecosystem of existing tools that provides a common format for companies and communities to share important data to streamline and improve the identification and monitoring of software. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Enrique_Ocaña_González:_GStreamer_WebKit_debugging_by using_external_tools_(2/2)⠀⇛ This is the last post of the series showing interesting debugging tools, I hope you have found it useful. Don’t miss the custom scripts at the bottom to process GStreamer logs, help you highlight the interesting parts and find the root cause of difficult bugs. # ⚓ Asynchronous_database_access_with_QtSql⠀⇛ When working with Qt most of the time you do not need to care about threading. Most things already work asynchronously, they don’t block and there’s no reason to mess with additional threads. This is the case for network requests via the QNetworkAccessManager where signals are used (as pretty much everywhere). If you’ve got other tasks like hash calculation of large files or image scaling, then there’s QtConcurrent::run() for you which will execute a function on the application’s thread pool. QtConcurrent uses QFutures to report the results. In Qt 5 QFutures are not very handy (you need a QFutureWatcher to get the results asynchronously and you manually need to create and delete it). With Qt 6 this has changed and now there’s a pretty nice QFuture::then() function where you can directly pass a lambda handling the result… o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Zigbee_vs._Wi-Fi:_Which_is_Better_for_your_Smart_Home Needs⠀⇛ Founded in 2003, Zigbee protocol is an open- standard communication based on IEEE 802.15.4 which also governs other low-rate networks such as 6LoWPAN and Thread. The ‘bee” in Zigbee name was inspired from the zig-zag dance of honeybees while they pass messages in close proximity to one another. Zigbee was therefore, conceived as a low- power, low bit-rate, short-range protocol in 2.4 GHz band for efficient communication across a “mesh” of devices. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ruralist’s_Lament:_It’s_Alive!⠀⇛ It’s a tussle sometimes. The fields will go back to forest if left to their own devices. And the soil is a dynamic system of life feeding on death, endlessly recycling a web of life that grinds on in its dust-to- dust way. With the end of World War 2, the chemical industry that had been churning out murderous  poisons and explosives was re-purposed to play an ever bigger role in what we today call the “agriculture industry.” Weeds and bugs have always been a part of farming but the promoters of Better Living Through Chemistry promised final victory over those opposing forces. It came in bags and jugs and initially the results seemed promising. The potions appeared to kill everything in the field except the crop. The careful attention of traditional farmers seemed beside the point. Farming could be “systematized” into a regime of inputs and outputs and growing crops was now supposed to be like manufacturing screwdrivers or Ford Edsels. Millions of farmers were  thus “freed” from the drudgery of farming and could now find careers tending machines, stocking shelves, or packaging retail items in the bowels of some Amazonian jungle fortress somewhere. Yes, that was the story and the plan. And whether it worked out all that well for the population at large or the former farmers is almost beneath discussion apparently. But one of the lessons that farmers learn fairly early is that shit happens. In natural systems there are factors that can’t always be controlled by puny humans. Sometimes those corporate “inputs” don’t keep working the way they did initially. The bugs are alive and they evolve. The weeds are alive and they do too. o ⚓ Anthropologist_Laura_Nader_on_the_Lost_Art_of_the_Letter⠀⇛ DAVID PRICE: One of the fundamental things I’ve learned from you over the decades is the significance of understanding context. So, let’s start by talking about the cultural context of letters, what they are, and what they used to be. Since you are a time traveler now in your 90s coming here from a past age, what can you tell us about what letters were in this now lost past? LAURA NADER: Letters have always been a way of reaching out, to communicate with people way before there were phones or any other technological way of communicating. I think the most inspirational set of letters that I started with were Thomas Jefferson’s letters. If we didn’t have the Jefferson letters—and he wrote five or six a day—we wouldn’t know what was going on between all of these people that were forming our country. The context for many of the letters in my book really is people reaching out to somebody who would listen. And this is, like [David] Riesman said, a lonely crowd. And so, people reached out. And they reach out to people they think might be able to be help. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Government_Can_Be_the_Solution:_Eight_Lessons From_the_Pandemic⠀⇛ Lesson 1: Essential workers deserve far better. # ⚓ Coronavirus_Travels_and_Cruising_with_Viking⠀⇛ Cruise liners are not for all but advertise themselves as the unrivalled option of travel for the satisfied life.  But every satisfied life comes in gradations, levels, and categories.  Pay more and the cabin room expands with magical effort.  Pay more and the minibar miraculously replenishes.  (Those who opt for the lesser option tend to find themselves having to pay more for other frills and accessories.)  The exercise entails an effort to create a microclimate from home: you are away, but you never leave that sacred grove; you are on a journey, but you are still there, with your home comforts.  You are, in fact, discouraged of seeing anything new, and anything new is heavily curated, even censored, to remove crinkles and crumples. Viking Cruises claim to provide an ultrapure version of that experience.  The cruise company, founded by Torstein Hagen, began in 1997 with four ships.  The fleet ballooned to 82 vessels to gain primacy over ocean and river cruise routes.  New markets were founded with buccaneering enthusiasm.  In the 2000s, Hagen sensed an opportunity to lure tourists from the United States to Europe.  The Chinese market followed.  At the start of 2020, 30,000 Chinese passengers were ready to travel with the company.  Forget the poor coach operators and the need to use multiple hotels during your journey.  Take, instead, to water, your cruising home. # ⚓ WHO_Chief_Decries_‘Scandalous’_Vaccine_Inequality_Where Rich_Nations_Control_‘Fate_of_the_World’⠀⇛ “The pandemic is not over, and it will not be over until and unless transmission is controlled in every last country.” # ⚓ A_Growing_International_Movement_Is_Calling_for_a_“People’s Vaccine”⠀⇛ # ⚓ Advocates_Applaud_State_AGs’_Call_for_Review_of_Proposed ‘Cancer_Alley’_Petrochemical_Plant⠀⇛ “I believe that if there’s an honest assessment of the environmental racism behind this project’s approval then it will never be permitted,” said one leading local activist. “We must stop Formosa Plastics.” # ⚓ How_New_York_State_Let_Covid-19_Run_Rampant_in_Prisons⠀⇛ For six months last year, Tranelle Drake worked up to 15 hours a day packaging hand sanitizer—filling, capping, labeling, and boxing bottles—in Great Meadow Correctional Facility, a maximum-security prison in upstate New York. He had signed up last March, putting in for a double shift as soon as he heard that incarcerated people were being enlisted to produce hand sanitizer. This story was published in partnership with New York Focus, an independent, investigative news site covering New York state and city politics. # ⚓ How_antimaskers_co-opt_techniques_of_scientific_data analysis_to_generate_COVID-19_propaganda⠀⇛ After more than two decades dealing with antivaxxers, quacks, pseudoscience advocates, contrarians, and conspiracy theorists, I’ve noticed some things about how such people operate and view themselves. For example, virtually all of them believe themselves to be “brave mavericks” of some sort, unlike the run-of-the-mill “sheeple” who accept the narrative of mainstream science and, in their mind, cower before the authority of physicians and scientists on such matters. One other thing that I’ve noticed about them is that they truly believe that they are the scientific ones, the ones “following the science,” the “true” science, at least in their minds. Obviously, my observations are just that, personal observations. I don’t claim that they are scientific. That’s why I’m always interested to find studies that try to look at the characteristics of the arguments of antivaxxers, quacks, pseudoscience advocates, contrarians, and conspiracy theorists and one reason why I’m starting by listing these characteristics that I’ve noticed having observed the rhetoric of such people online going back to the days of Usenet. (Yes, I’m dating myself.) That’s why a new narrative going bubbling up among antimaskers, COVID-19 deniers, contrarians, and conspiracy theorists caught my attention over the weekend about a paper on how conspiracy theorists misuse data analysis to spread disinformation. # ⚓ Shirish_Agarwal:_Pandemic,_Toolkit_and_India⠀⇛ I don’t know from where I should start. This is probably a good start. I actually would recommend Indiacable as they do attempt to share some things happening in India from day to day but still there is a lot thatt they just can’t cover, nobody can cover. There were two reports which kind of shook me all inside. One which sadly came from the UK publication Independent, probably as no Indian publication would dare publish it. The other from Rural India. I have been privileged in many ways, including friends who have asked me if I need any financial help. But seeing reports like above, these people need more help, guidance and help than I. While I’m never one to say give to Foundations. If some people do want to help people from Maharashtra, then moneylifefoundation could be a good place where they could donate. FWIW, they usually use the foundation to help savers and investors be safe and help in getting money when taken by companies with dubious intentions. That is their drive. Two articles show their bent. The first one is about the Algo scam which I have written previously about the same in this blog. Interestingly, when I talk about this scam, all Modi supporters are silent. The other one does give some idea as to why the Govt. is indifferent. That is going to a heavy cross for all relatives to bear. There has been a lot that has been happening. Now instead of being limited to cities, Covid has now gone hinterland in a big way. One could ask also Praveen as he probably knows what would be good for Kerala and surrounding areas. [...] There was also the whole bit about FBS or Fetal Bovin Serum. India ordered millions of blood serum products from abroad and continues to. This was quickly shut down as news on Social Media. Apparently, it is only the Indian cow which is worthy of reverence. All other cows and their children are fair game according to those in power. Of course, that discussion was quickly shut down as was the discussion about IGP (Indian Genome Project). People over the years had asked me why India never participated for the HGP (Human Gnome Project). I actually had no answer for that. Then in 2020, there was idea of IGP which was put up and then it was quickly shot down as the results could damage a political party’s image. In fact, a note to people who want to join Indian civil services tells the reason exactly. While many countries in the world are hypocrites, including the U.S. none can take the place that India has made for itself in that field. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_Public_Health Welcomes_New_Projects_and_Members_to Advance_Public_Health,_Safely_Reopen Amid_COVID-19 [Ed: The brand “Linux” is now being misused to promote_mass surveillance_in_misleading_‘privacy’ clothing_(or_‘health’). This is a gross distortion of what many of us thought the brand stood for. Abandon this sick agenda.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Microsoft,_the_Linux_Foundation, and_others_team_up_to_make_software sustainable [Ed: Linux_Foundation helps_enemies_of_Linux_again. The term_“Linux”_in_“Linux_Foundation”_is clearly_a_misfit and Torvalds needs to wake up because Microsoft hijacks the brand to sell Windows. This foundation thought it could withstand criticism by simply ‘hiding’ Zemlin, but it is wrong. Look at their management and board. Nobody there gives a damn about Linux. At all.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Microsoft,_the_Linux_Foundation, and_others_team_up_to_make_software sustainable [Ed: Microsoft Foundation, promoting proprietary software and monopoly]⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Linux_Foundation_joins Accenture,_GitHub,_Microsoft,_and ThoughtWorks_to_Launch_the_Green Software_Foundation_to_put sustainability_at_the_core_of software_engineering [Ed: Linux Foundation now works in collaboration with those who constantly attack Linux, including in Munich. Sad day, another reminder of what "LF" has become.]⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Tuesday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Fedora (python-eventlet), openSUSE (grub2 and mpv), and Red Hat (kpatch- patch and rh-ruby25-ruby). # ⚓ Pen_testing_with_Linux_security_tools_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ The multitude of well-publicized breaches of large consumer corporations underscores the critical importance of system security management. Fortunately, there are many different applications that help secure computer systems. One is Kali, a Linux distribution developed for security and penetration testing. This article demonstrates how to use Kali Linux to investigate your system to find weaknesses. Kali installs a lot of tools, all of which are open source, and having them installed by default makes things easier. # ⚓ Michael_Catanzaro:_Reminder:_SoupSessionSync and_SoupSessionAsync_default_to_no_TLS certificate_verification⠀⇛ This is a public service announcement! The modern SoupSession class is secure by default, but the older, deprecated SoupSessionSync and SoupSessionAsync subclasses of SoupSession are not. If your code uses SoupSessionSync or SoupSessionAsync and does not set SoupSession:tls-database, SoupSession: ssl-use-system-ca-file, or SoupSession: ssl-ca-file, then you get no TLS certificate verification. This is almost always worth requesting a CVE. # ⚓ Half-Double:_A_New_DRAM_Rowhammer_Vulnerability –_Phoronix⠀⇛ The Rowhammer security exploit affecting DRAM memory modules has a new chapter with Google now detailing “half-double” as a new technique for exploit of system memory. Google security researchers discovered Half-Double as a new technique that “capitalizes on the worsening physics of some of the newer DRAM chips to alter the contents of memory.” o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ To_Sanction_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations,_Add_Them_to the_State_Department’s_List⠀⇛ Here at home, the Biden administration is being besieged with increasing fervor by voices on all sides of the unfolding tragedy. While our ultimate capacity to help resolve the growing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians is unclear, there is one thing the President could do that would help the situation and would not risk fracturing his base or reputation at home or around the world. He could take executive action, asking the State Department to consider whether Lehava and Otzma Yehudit should be added to the State Department’s Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) list. If the State Department decided to designate the organizations, that would help isolate and deprive them access to vital U.S. funding and other material donor assistance. It has been widely reported, both in Israel and the United States, that these organizations and their leaders have received support from U.S. donors through a cryptic network of religious and service organizations designed to provide cover as charitable institutions. T’ruah, a leading American human rights organization representing two thousand rabbis and cantors, has filed a series of official complaints with the IRS documenting the abuse of the U.S. tax laws for so-called “charitable contributions” that ultimately go to support Lehava and Otzma. # ⚓ Killing_the_Messengers⠀⇛ The killings have become less random, too, and more targeted. Four women media workers in Afghanistan have been murdered this year alone. Horrific and public deaths, and the many threats made against media personnel, have resulted in talent exiting the profession at an alarming rate. The destruction in Gaza City of more than a dozen media facilities by Israeli bombs, including those of the Associated Press and Al Jazeera, would have been unconscionable just a few decades ago, though not to the U.S.A., as we’ll see. People got out, but notes, equipment, hard drives, family photos were crushed in the rubble of war. Lost in the dust is any remaining sense of personal security for the dedicated reporters there. # ⚓ NPR_Should_Ask_Where_Nicaraguan_Non-Profits’_Money_Comes From⠀⇛ The answer is obvious, but why aren’t the shock and horror also evident when US media identify foreign meddling in an election somewhere else? If the meddling is by the US government, ever quick to accuse Russia if there’s any suggestion that it’s interfering in US politics, then there is also gross hypocrisy to be exposed. As a Scottish minister of justice once said (in relation to the US’s contorted involvement in Libya), ‘the US sadly often adopts a position of seeking to enforce standards on others that it will not accept or abide by itself.’ Yet time and again the US media also fail to hold the government to the standards they apply to other countries. Take the case of Nicaragua. It has elections coming in November and has just introduced reforms to make its electoral process clearer and improve the tracking of the results so that any scope for fraudulence is further minimized. Another reform is a ‘foreign agents’ law which prohibits foreign funding of politicians and obliges NGOs receiving money from abroad to show how it is being used. It is similar too but less stringent than the US’s own Foreign Agents Registration Act (known as FARA), passed originally in 1938 and now accompanied by at least four other related laws. Despite these precedents, the US State Department, in full hypocrisy mode, said in February that the new law ‘drives Nicaragua toward dictatorship, silencing independent voices’. It has also criticized Nicaragua for suppressing political demonstrations when it merely requires organizers to get police permission, even while the US has itself been criticized recently by a United Nations expert for ‘the wave of anti-protest laws’ that is ‘spreading through the country’. # ⚓ Dems_Reintroduce_SANE_Act_to_Slash_$73_Billion_From ‘Insane’_Spending_on_Nuclear_Arsenal⠀⇛ While President Trump’s actions tilted the ‘Doomsday Clock’ towards midnight,” said Sen. Ed Markey, “President Biden has a chance to build back a better nuclear weapons policy that does more with less.” # ⚓ Thoughts_and_Prayers_Again_and_Again⠀⇛ # ⚓ Dylan_at_80:_A_Sonnet_of_Appreciation⠀⇛ Been around almost as long the war with Russia, a child of Odessa blues, who spat at Ellsberg,* like Dad did the Tsar, went hunting Woody’s career, filled his shoes, got himself condemned by the left and right — became the Wandering Jew, harp and guitar, on a Tour that goes till God is in sight, strumming sold out white man’s blues near and far. Broken innocence mirrored everywhere, and dark eyes, lost souls, including his own, but even late, more ghost than man, he’s there at the borderland where stars turn to bone. Just crossing paths with an anti-hero: We always meet at Love Minus Zero. * Daniel Ellsberg was still a war-planner when Dylan was a kid singer. o § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF_Sues_California_Law_Enforcement_Training_Entity_Over Its_BS_Use_Of_Copyright_Law_To_Deny_Public_Records_Requests⠀⇛ Following the passage of a law that finally made lots of documentation related to police misconduct publicly accessible in California, the requests for information began pouring in. Some law enforcement agencies complied. Others sued. The state Attorney General showed the public how much they mattered by siding with the secretive agencies. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Faster_Greenland_ice_melt_could_be_unstoppable⠀⇛ A rapid thaw could destroy a whole ice sheet if the faster Greenland ice melt scientists have found spreads across the island. # ⚓ ‘Don’t_Abandon_Climate,_Care,_Jobs,_and_Justice’:_Activists Decry_Biden_Concessions_to_GOP⠀⇛ “Negotiating down from an already insufficient plan to cater to a climate-denying party fueled by profit and hate—that is how Democrats lose.” # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Enbridge_Line_5_Pipeline_Battle_Heats_Up_in Michigan⠀⇛ # ⚓ China_Finances_Most_Coal_Plants_Built_Today⠀⇛ By Jeff Nesbit, Yale University As nations gear up for a critical year for climate negotiations, it’s become increasingly clear that success may hinge on one question: How soon will China end its reliance on coal and its financing of overseas coal-fired power plants? # ⚓ The_Future_of_Renewable_Energy_Depends_on_China⠀⇛ Thanks to its very name—renewable energy—we can picture a time in the not-too-distant future when our need for non-renewable fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal will vanish. Indeed, the Biden administration has announced a breakthrough target of 2035 for fully eliminating US reliance on those non- renewable fuels for the generation of electricity. That would be accomplished by “deploying carbon-pollution-free electricity- generating resources,” primarily the everlasting power of the wind and sun. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Nectar_Thieves:_How_Invasive_Bumblebees_Threaten Hummingbirds⠀⇛ # ⚓ Rivers_are_Key_to_Restoring_the_World’s Biodiversity⠀⇛ And tragically, according to a UN report, “the world has failed to meet a single target to stem the destruction of wildlife and life- sustaining ecosystems in the last decade.” It’s time to end that legacy of failure and seize the opportunities before us to correct the past mistakes, manage the present challenges and meet the future challenges that the environment is likely to face. But if we’re going to protect biodiversity and simultaneously tackle the climate crisis, we must protect rivers and freshwater ecosystems. And we must defend the rights of communities whose livelihoods depend on them, and who serve as their stewards and defenders. By doing so, we will improve food security for the hundreds of millions of people who rely on freshwater ecosystems for sustenance and livelihoods—and give the world’s estimated 140,000 freshwater species a fighting chance at survival. # ⚓ Playing_Russian_Roulette_with_Grizzly_Matron_399_and the_Bears_of_Yellowstone⠀⇛ Few if any animals have been more celebrated than 399, the matron grizzly bear of Grand Teton National Park. Each year, families flock to Jackson Hole hoping to catch a glimpse of her shepherding her latest brood – now four irrepressible yearlings. Her grown- up daughter, Grizzly 610, accompanied by two pre-adolescent cubs now as large as she is, generates almost as much excitement. Today, about 10 grizzlies of 399’s lineage make their living along Jackson Hole’s roads in the company of people. With a global fan club, Grizzly 399 is an ambassador for grizzlies everywhere. Her tolerance for people is legendary. To cross a road, she is known to look both ways before threading through parked cars and mobs of delighted onlookers, as doors slam and kids shriek – placidly returning to fetch a cub still wrestling with a road cone. Who could still cling to the myth that grizzlies are vicious man-eaters after beholding the ways of 399? o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden_Removes_Student_Loan_Forgiveness_From_Budget Proposal⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_This_Older_Americans_Month,_Let’s_Recommit_to America’s_Seniors⠀⇛ Older Americans cannot fill their vital role in society without basic security—the peace of mind of knowing that they can pay their bills and have access to affordable health care and prescription drugs. # ⚓ Restaurant_Workers_Say_They_Won’t_Return_to_Work_Without_a Living_Wage⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_There’s_No_Restaurant_Worker_Shortage,_Only_a Shortage_of_Safe_Jobs_With_Adequate_Pay⠀⇛ If you believe in its omniscience, the market is signaling corporations and businesses that employers must offer more. # ⚓ Opinion_|_JPMorgan_Chase_Just_Became_the_World’s_Most Dangerous_Bank⠀⇛ While the IEA states that there can be no new investment in the expansion of fossil fuels, Chase doesn’t plan to reduce its investments in new fossil fuel supply at all within the next decade. # ⚓ Family_Offices:_Trillion_Dollar_Pools_of_Unregulated Capital_You_Haven’t_Heard_About⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democrats_‘Must_Be_Trying_to_Lose’:_Progressives_Fume_After Report_Says_Biden_Budget_Excludes_Key_Promises⠀⇛ “If the aim is to avoid a midterm massacre, why would you do this?” asked one political critic. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Legal_Scholars_Detail_Why_DC_Statehood_Is_Absolutely Constitutional⠀⇛ “When the nation’s leading constitutional scholars come together to affirm that statehood is constitutional, we need to listen,” declared one campaigner. # ⚓ As_Frustration_Grows_Over_GOP_Obstruction,_Progressives Intensify_Demands_to_Kill_Filibuster⠀⇛ “It makes no sense that one member of the minority party can trigger a minority veto. That’s not what people voted for.” # ⚓ New_Texas_Bill_Reduces_Polling_Locations_in_Blue_and Nonwhite_Districts⠀⇛ # ⚓ #MoralMonday_Event_Elevates_Progressive_Push_for_‘Third Reconstruction’_Resolution⠀⇛ “We have the power to end poverty,” says Rep. Pramila Jayapal. “We must implement bold proposals that center the poor—providing housing, healthcare, climate justice, and equitable public education.” # ⚓ Arizona_County’s_Voting_Machines_Rendered_Unusable_By_OAN- Financed_Vote_Auditors⠀⇛ The libs have been owned. They’ve been owned so thoroughly that Maricopa County, Arizona is going to need to buy millions of dollars of new electronic voting machines. # ⚓ Florida_Man_Signs_Blatantly_Corrupt_And_Unconstitutional Social_Media_Bill,_Cementing_Florida_As_Tech_Laughing_Stock⠀⇛ And, off we go. We’ve talked about a bunch of states pushing blatantly unconstitutional social media content moderation bills, with Florida leading the pack as the most eager to waste taxpayer money on something so obviously bogus. As you’ll recall, at the end of last month, Florida really added some unconstitutional icing on the unconstitutional cake by exempting Disney (and any other company that owned a theme park in Florida) from the bill’s social media requirements. # ⚓ Republicans_Are_Against_Science,_Elections,_Democracy, Journalism_—_and_You⠀⇛ # ⚓ Robert_Reich_(The_Danger_of_Collective_Amnesia_At_the_risk of…)⠀⇛ At the risk of being the skunk at the picnic, I feel compelled to warn you that if we forget and move on from the tragedies of this past year, we’re setting ourselves on a dangerous path. Of course I understand the desire to forget all the unpleasantness and start a new chapter. But if we do, we’re inviting greater tragedies in the future.  # ⚓ A_Biden_Speech_to_Transform_the_Middle_East⠀⇛ Having already surprised observers by his boldness in domestic policy, he could do so in foreign policy as well by offering a new vision of Middle East peace in a prime-time, televised speech. A conclusion to his speech along the following lines would offer, in homage to President Obama, both change to believe in and audacious hope and could produce a far better future for Israelis, Palestinians and all mankind than most people would dare to dream possible in these somber days: # ⚓ Today_in_Illinois:_Another_one_of_Governor_JB_Pritzker’s paroled_child_killers_goes_missing._Government_doesn’t_solve problems._Government_is_the_problem.⠀⇛ I don’t think that a thinking person can still be a part of this party. I’m not sure what I’ll do in the next election, but I won’t be supporting Governor Pritzker again. The Democrats and Republicans are fighting over what way to ruin the state. Maybe I will just support the Libertarians. Richard Stallman seems to be misguided about the Green Party. Whether they intend it or not, they served as Putin’s troll to try to give Trump another term, and their lawyers are Republican law firms. Even if they were a legitimate party, for the sake of argument, their policies would be a disaster. There isn’t enough money in the world to do what they’re proposing. Those of us who have been watching (American) government for a while now have seen that everything that they start doing that they weren’t doing before ends up being an even bigger mess than it has ever been. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Advocates_Hail_Ruling_Striking_Down_‘Unconstitutional’ Georgia_Anti-BDS_Law⠀⇛ “This ruling comes at a crucial moment… and makes clear that the Constitution protects participation in the BDS movement.” # ⚓ Activists_Mobilize_to_Fight_Censorship_and_Save_Open Science⠀⇛ More than half of academic publishing is controlled by only five publishers. This position is built on the premise that users should pay for access to scientific research, to compensate publishers for their investment in editing, curating, and publishing it. In reality, research is typically submitted and evaluated by scholars without compensation from the publisher. What this model is actually doing is profiting off of a restriction on article access using burdensome paywalls. One project in particular, Sci-Hub, has threatened to break down this barrier by sharing articles without restriction. As a result, publishers are going to every corner of the map to destroy the project and wipe it from the internet. Continuing the long tradition of internet hacktivism, however, redditors are mobilizing to create an uncensorable back-up of Sci-Hub. It’s an open secret at this point that the paywall model used by major publishers, where one must pay to read published articles, is at odds with the way science works which is one reason researchers regularly undermine it by sharing PDFs of their work directly. The primary functions paywalls serve now are to drive up contract prices with universities and ensure current research is only available to the most affluent or well-connected. The cost of access has gotten so out of control that even $35 billion dollar institutions like Harvard have warned that contract costs are becoming untenable. If this is the case for Harvard, it’s hard to see how smaller entities can manage these costs– particularly those in the global south. As a result, crucial and potentially life-saving knowledge is locked away from those who need it most. That’s why the fight for open access is a fight for human rights.  Indeed, the past year has shown us the incredible power of open access after publishers made COVID-19 research immediately available at no cost. This temporary move towards open access helped support the unprecedented global public health effort that spurred the rapid development of vaccines, treatments, and better informed public health policies. This kind of support for scientific progress should not be reserved for a global crisis; instead, it should be the standard across all areas of research. # ⚓ “Brutal_&_Gratuitous”:_Family_of_Ronald_Greene_Demands Justice_After_Video_Shows_Deadly_Traffic_Stop⠀⇛ New bodycam footage is raising more questions about the deadly arrest of a Black man, Ronald Greene, in Louisiana during a 2019 traffic stop in the city of Monroe. Family members said police originally told them Greene died in a car accident, but the Associated Press obtained video of Louisiana state troopers electrocuting, beating and dragging Greene. Greene’s family has filed a federal wrongful death lawsuit, and Greene’s death is also being federally investigated. Lee Merritt, a civil rights attorney representing the family of Ronald Greene, says the family had to fight for a year and a half before being allowed to view police video of Greene’s death, which revealed “the full extent of just how brutal and gratuitous” the violence was. “We’re looking for criminal charges to move forward against these officers at the state level and at the federal level.” # ⚓ More_Matrix.org/Freenode_fun…_Bonus:_Why_VPNs_should_be normal,_not_just_for_cranks.⠀⇛ Yesterday, I ran into more Matrix.org/Element fun. Since Cancel Culture runs rampant on Matrix.org and entire rooms and users get knifed and disappear daily, I decided to try to use nerdsin.space instead, and the problem is that while the Matrix protocol supports federation, the IRC bridges are not available locally on nerdsin.space, leaving you to do a double shim into IRC. To get into Freenode, you basically have to load Matrix.org rooms and then select the Freenode room you want, and then you’re logged into nerdsin.space, federated to Matrix.org, and then bridged into Freenode IRC. The problem here is that now, any issues on any one of those platforms can compromise your ability to use IRC. I’m rapidly finding out that just because Matrix is “modern” doesn’t necessarily mean it isn’t an even bigger rat’s nest than just using IRC directly. Yesterday, around 1:35 PM local time, and going on for about a day, nothing from Matrix.org would federate into nerdsin.space, but if you sent a message from nerdsin.space it would reach the Matrix.org room. For a while, I wondered if they banned my account or just locked out nerdsin.space for reasons unknown. It seems that from the perspective of other users, they want to keep bans as quiet as possible. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘State_Treachery_to_the_Extreme’:_Belarus_Accused_of Inventing_Airplane_Bomb_Threat_to_Arrest_Dissident Journalist⠀⇛ “While it sounds like an extraordinary Hollywood plot, it’s not,” said Amnesty International. “The reality of this apparent act of air piracy is chilling.” # ⚓ Dramatic_Arrest_of_Journalist_by_Belarus_Highlights_US Targeting_of_Snowden_in_2013⠀⇛ “Downing aircraft to pursue the arrest of dissidents has always been outrageous,” the NSA whistleblower said Monday. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Now_Comes_the_Reckoning:_Black_Lives_Matter_Hits the_Labor_Movement⠀⇛ Dispatch from the front lines of the war on caregivers. # ⚓ The_Color_of_Fear⠀⇛ Has anyone ever pointed a gun at you? # ⚓ How_to_Fight_White_Supremacy_by_Inverting_Stephen_Miller’s Playbook⠀⇛ Former Trump White House senior adviser Stephen Miller played a significant role in mainstreaming white supremacy over the past five years, promoting virulently racist literature, organizing anti- immigrant round tables, crafting Trump’s most xenophobic speeches, and strangling legal pathways into the United States for nonwhite people. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Changing_the_Way_the_Military_Handles_Sexual Assault⠀⇛ How not to leave the fox guarding the henhouse. # ⚓ A_Few_Words_for_the_Firing_Squad⠀⇛ South Carolina’s governor has signed into law a bill adding the firing squad as one of the methods of execution that a person sentenced to death must choose between if lethal injection drugs are unavailable. # ⚓ George_Floyd_Week_of_Action_Marks_Anniversary_of_His_Murder as_Police_Reform_Bill_Stalls_in_Congress⠀⇛ As the world marks the anniversary of George Floyd’s murder, attorney Lee Merritt says there is still a long way to go in reforming “the deadliest police culture in the modern world.” Merritt, who has represented the Floyd family and other victims of police brutality, says Republicans and Democrats should come together to pass the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act. Floyd’s death in Minneapolis on May 25, 2020, set off a nationwide uprising and global movement calling for an end to racism and for the defense of Black lives. # ⚓ After_Record_Deportations,_Biden_Grants_100K_Haitians Chance_for_Temporary_Protected_Status⠀⇛ The Biden administration is granting more than 100,000 Haitians in the United States the chance to gain temporary protected status, or TPS, which includes work permits and protection from deportation while Haiti suffers a political crisis. Haitian President Jovenel Moïse continues to refuse calls to step down, even as human rights groups report he has sanctioned attacks against civilians in impoverished neighborhoods in Port-au-Prince, with targeted assassinations and threats against government critics carried out with impunity. President Joe Biden deported more Haitians during his first two months than Donald Trump did in the last year of his presidency. “It’s a break for people who have been looking over their shoulders, who have been worried and concerned about what happens if they’re not given this relief and either become undocumented or detained and deported back to Haiti,” says Nana Gyamfi, executive director of the Black Alliance for Just Immigration. “It’s a break, but that’s all it is. It’s a break, and we obviously want more.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Rep._Zoe_Lofgren_Recognizes_The_Nuances_And_Complexities_Of Regulating_Internet_Companies⠀⇛ It’s taken as given among many politicians (and much of the media) that “something must be done” about “big tech” companies. The public seems a lot less concerned about it all. Unfortunately, as we’ve noted repeatedly, many in the government are focused on specific regulatory levers that seem incredibly unlikely to work (and which have a high likelihood of making any of the problems discussed even worse). A big one is antitrust. We keep hearing grandstanding politicians talk about how they need to break up “big tech” without any of them getting into how that will solve any particular issue. In the House, Rep. David Cicilline has been the poster child of this approach — insisting that antitrust is the answer, but refusing to actually explore the nuances and tradeoffs of that approach. # ⚓ US_Telecoms_Keep_Getting_Wrist_Slaps_For_Repeatedly_Ripping Off_The_US_Government⠀⇛ You may have to squint to see it, but tell me if you can detect the faint outline of a pattern here. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Section_285:_When_Lawyer_Blames_Client⠀⇛ For example, in In re Marriage of Wixom & Wixom, 182 Wash. App. 881, 332 P.3d 1063 (2014), after a bitter and long custody dispute in which both the husband and his lawyer took ridiculous positions, the trial court imposed $55,000 in sanctions jointly against husband and his lawyer. On appeal, the lawyer argued that the sanctions should only be imposed against the husband. The appellate court, on its own motion disqualified the lawyer from representing the client and limited the lawyer’s ability to represent only himself. Later, the appellate court held sanctions could be imposed jointly. See, e.g., U.S. v. Emigration Improvement Dist., 14–CV–701, 2016 WL 4148251, at *6 (D. Utah Aug. 4, 2016) (reasoning that attorneys were conflicted when they tried to shift liability for fee awards from themselves to their client); Exp. Dev. Canada v. ESE Elecs. Inc., CV1602967BRORAOX, 2017 WL 3122157, at *5 (C.D. Cal. July 10, 2017) (“The circumstances indicate a conflict of interest between Counsel and their clients with respect to fault for evidentiary complications related to Bright Light’s payments and the Euler insurance claim.”). # ⚓ Q1_2021_Developer_Updates⠀⇛ Patent Law is always bedeviled with quality. Identifying good patents is hard enough, let alone figuring out who is good at making them. Unified decided to take on both by first objectively determining what a good patent prosecution outcome is. It then investigated what law firms had the best outcomes for each art unit. Members can now compare outcomes between law firms to see which ones had the best track record of obtaining good patents in the least time. They can also look at how their prosecution outcomes compare to a competitor. [...] Unified’s Portal now includes an integration with PQAI that uses an open-source platform to retrieve prior-art for a given patent. PQAI uses an AI trained on patent citation data to search for prior-art beyond what was found by the examiner during prosecution. When you request prior-art for a patent, PQAI uses its first claim as the search query. The claim is fed into a deep learning ranking system, which matches the query with all prior patents and ranks them from ‘most similar’ to ‘least similar’. A fixed number of patents from the top of the list is shown to you. # ⚓ The_European_Patent_Office_Grants_Cannabics Pharmaceuticals_Patent_for_Company’s_Personalized Medicine_Drug_Discovery_Technology [Ed: Corrupt EPO lets people monopolise cannabis stuff; who invented cannabis? Can we invent and patent 'God' too? Or patent Mother Nature?]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Recordation_Requirements_and_a_Certificate_of Unenforceability [Ed: Presumption that patents are invalid, by default, would be well overdue. Your patent is worthless until properly proven in a court of law.]⠀⇛ There are two interesting patent provisions being debated in the Senate as amendments to bipartisan Endless Frontier Act S.1260. Although it is difficult to tell exactly what will happen, the EFA Bill as a whole is likely to pass through the Senate. Both amendments were proposed in a bipartisan manner by Sens Tillis (R) and Leahy (D) and so also carry some weight. This is being pushed through the Senate and so there are unlikely to be any hearings on these amendments. [...] Certificate of Unenforceability: The second proposed amendment alters the ex parte reexamination statute. Currently ex party reexaminations can be filed based upon printed prior art. The proposal would also allow for a reexamination to challenge a patent’s enforceability “on the basis of credible evidence that any claim was obtained through fraud.” The PTO would then issue a “certificate of unenforceability.” # ⚓ Slow_down_on_Mandamus:_Federal_Circuit_Refuses_to Short_Circuit_Judge_Albright’s_Decision_Process [Ed: Judges who turn courts into rubber-stamping machines for patent trolls are discrediting the patent system as a whole, but bloggers funded by the litigation 'industry' (like this one here) don't mind the abuse]⠀⇛ Another mandamus venue case from Judge Albright’s Waco Texas courtroom. This time, however, the Federal Circuit has denied mandamus, holding that the defendant- petitioner had failed to show the requisite extraordinary cause. The underlying lawsuit was filed in July 2020. Koss Corp. v. Bose Corp., 6:20-cv-00661 (W.D. Tex.). In December 2020, Bose filed its motion to dismiss/transfer for improper venue under 28 USC 1400(b). Briefing completed on the motion in March 2021. Then, in April 2021 Judge Albright indicated that he planned to rule on the venue motion “next week” and that all deadlines remained in place as they await the decision. Today, May 25, 2020, Judge Albright has still not ruled on the motion. earlier this month Bose petitioned for mandamus asking the the appellate court to order Judge Albright to set everything aside until he decides the venue question. In its analysis, the Federal Circuit found that Judge Albright has already taken steps to place the venue question next in line, and that he is not required to unduly delay other aspects of the case. # ⚓ Washington_State_Has_Sued_A_Patent_Troll_For Violating_Consumer_Protection_Laws⠀⇛ Landmark Technology, a patent troll that has spent 20 years threatening and suing small businesses over bogus patents, and received EFF’s Stupid Patent of the Month award in 2019, has been sued by the State of Washington. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Book_Review:_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_EU_Copyright Law⠀⇛ As the title suggests, this first section covers the law and policy of the EU harmonisation project. It does this in three chapters. First, Ana Ramalho discusses the competence and rationale of EU copyright harmonization; the cornerstone of its competence being the establishment and functioning of the internal market. In the second chapter, Tito Rendas provides an overview of the fundamental rights in EU copyright law. As it is well established by the CJEU, these fundamental rights have horizontal effects which must be balanced fairly. This chapter provides an insight into the influence of fundamental rights in the areas of copyright ownership and scope, exceptions and enforcement… which Rendas argues is, in the end, somewhat superficial. Third, Tatiana-Eleni Synodinou critically examines the question of unification of European copyright law. The author argues that the EU Commission should speed up the timeline and introduce a mandatory European unified copyright law at an earlier stage. Partly, as she demonstrates, because the journey has already begun as well as due to the challenges posed by online technology. Without such forward thinking action, the author argues, the more interconnected the world becomes, the more likely that copyright will be seen as a regulatory barrier to a global cultural and economic forum. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 7931 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 56 seconds to (re)generate ⟲