𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, August 10, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Wed 11 Aug 02:40:09 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmPbs4kN1GHeAEUEUWtCVVhT8zRVM7LcHdvAnAsqczstvA QmdngEJ8etJ4zrerS5iXUUtfJk9kJTK9S2oDFMkDvT7NYm QmZka1ezCX6Jq1bqJcd8DAopjUggU4MUpZGXkMw5m4Z4ZN QmP8RifZKvqinSSG2CZnUUzTMGP1P4jkMknygd8T11oZKh QmX8ZpmiXYbSrmwypsB2cg64GZppWcud7Wm37qBiBdDZST QmRVH4rgisQJw7tfjpSYpE4grUeGzk3WqhpWLXXgXgR23v QmQnCr2nU4WxQKHW7E1rNeJT8h2q1DppwFTCxNdPbJsKVu QmXorFxCY8x9KkgemX183bprQUQRvqqbxBBZppkyzunwtY QmQoYA3rtYhK4AhVVweyrKCMnCpdqN6saCz8cj1d9f9MXX QmYPuxGxUuA2otUfB7HDtRmTpivWTUWAabpcpCcCWUjDPe QmTWNbUkuvdmDn7t3Fk2bJVTcpy7AaW5viHLRpUMPZqPmN QmYLHQ18BUjsoqQrYh2hfAARNThKQwcJMPEWNrHSRDqpbJ QmNSNxDGf8uW24qwfnLjXrvXVvHmUMuSgb1HJu756yHhud QmRS9PeWnJkwSM9uFwhXg9oWnWvAdJYnqn5BvY4mFwyNtW Qmeww9N1YnQ2Znw5A9zRvL5cLmS649Q6VCiDCx91X2ZJqo QmZG8SsTJ2EBg5zMrWS4NdoMh7QZt2TnLqG82m3jgLsAZd QmUBS5HzGuXErkfDwpHxMKeu8if7jt5YH6ph1UrqNMz1B4 QmSWfDrRGYcLy39sAw1ufjzyZqmJSUhgxqCS1mGSB3cgvL QmNxGTwQ4Jqei88THW4dMGEZoRKbJsm6pBPtpAahou3GQi QmXBU6oKqgN1Lsd8vCX9iBHiUi66fm8iL3uXsJgyh4LH33 QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ [Meme] EPO: Over a Month of Non-Compliance With Court Rulings! | Techrights ⦿ Alan Turing Would Turn in His Grave | Techrights ⦿ An EPO Administrative Council Exposé — Part V: Sharing Out the Spoils of Public Office | Techrights ⦿ An Ode to Josef | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, August 09, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ EPO as a Combat Zone, Governed by Separatists Who Take Bribes | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/5-weeks-epo-non-compliance/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/apple-snitch/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/dui-public-office/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/epo-king-josef/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/irc-log-090821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/zero-patents-but-full-voting-rights/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/fedora-vs-centos/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/mozilla-firefox-91/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 63 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/5-weeks-epo-non-compliance/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/5-weeks-epo-non-compliance/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ [Meme]_EPO:_Over_a_Month_of_Non-Compliance_With_Court_Rulings!⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 12:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz One week ago: Four_Weeks_of_Non-Compliance:_EPO_Only_Accepts_Courts_That_It Rigs_and_Controls 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Sending letter to Campinos. Waiting...... Still waiting⦈ This isn’t the first time EPO basically ignores ILO-AT rulings (EPO_only honours_courts_that_it_controls); when it finally complies, under pressure, it does the bare minimum to give the mere illusion of compliance (like letting_a judge_come_back_to_the_Office_without_a_desk_or_a_computer_etc.) Summary: Not a word from EPO management or the EPO’s Web site (it has been five weeks!); Benoît_Battistelli‘s crimes are being welcomed by António_Campinos and his cohorts, who are in turn protected by the rogue_Administrative_Council, not to mention the_bribed_media (turning_a_blind_eye_as_if_none_of_this_matters, let alone merits_press_coverage) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⣀⠭⣉⣽⣿⠿⡿⢸⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⠟⠁⠀⠁⢀⣠⠶⣫⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡖⢶⠖⡶⡦⡖⣶⡖⣶⡆⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⠉⠇⠀⠀⣠⣴⣟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠉⠁⠁⠉⠁⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⠈⠈⠀⠀⢎⣛⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣙⡻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠛⣻⣽⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣤⣼⢇⣯⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣷⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⠃⠁⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⢠⣦⣴⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣅⣀⡀⢀⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⠿⣱⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⠟⠈⠉⠉⠍⠳⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⠟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠛⣉⠙⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢷⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣳⢻⣛⢿⣿⠃⣒⡂⣒⣒⢒⣒⠘⣿⣟⡓⣽⣶⣾⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠗⠀⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡇⢘⣩⣥⠼⢆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠀⣖⣒⣒⣲⢐⣖⠀⣫⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣍⢛⣿⣆⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣉⣡⣼⣿⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠃⠃⠂⠒⠈⠐⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣨⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣴⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣦⣴⣶⣶⣶⡄⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⡉⠀⠀⠀⣀⠤⢒⣠⣽⣯⡛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣛⡻⣟⣻⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⢞⣥⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣯⡃⣿⣏⢸⣧⣿⢸⡟⣷⢸⡗⣶⣆⡎⣽⣶⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⣿⠻⢹⠃⠀⠀⣠⣾⣫⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣼⠇⣿⣤⢸⢻⣿⣸⣇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠛⠀⠈⠀⢀⡾⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠟⠿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⠶⣖⣶⣶⠷⠿⠭⠵⣬⣥⣿⣼⣧⣟⣚⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⡇⣸⣇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠀⣿⣉⢽⣿⣛⢻⡟⢸⡗⢲⣶⣶⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⡀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠟⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣄⣿⡔⢸⡟⡿⣿⡇⣼⡟⢸⡟⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⠟⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡯⢯⣭⢝⣭⣝⢿⣟⣻⣛⠷⣒⡶⢷⠶⠿⠯⡶⢭⣭⣼⣧⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣸⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⢸⡇⠿⢰⡿⣧⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⡟⣶⣶⣆⣶⢱⡏⣽⢯⣙⣭⣭⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣛⣷⣸⠷⢟⣾⡸⣧⡿⣼⡷⣿⣿⢹⣿⡏⣾⣟⡇⣿⢸⡿⣿⢹⡿⣿⢏⡻⣯⢺⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣭⣿⣧⣭⣼⣧⣛⣬⣓⣛⣜⡷⢟⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⢰⣶⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣾⣷⣶⣤⣤⣀⣇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⢛⣛⡛⠁⣘⣛⣛⣓⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣙⣛⣛⣋⣃⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠻⠿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⢿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣿⣟⣿⡟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠻⣳⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡠⠀⣀⡀⠂⠚⠻⢿⣿⠀⢀⣴⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠤⣉⣤⣾⣿⣷⠉⠉⢳⣦⣹⠀⣾⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢳⡆⣷⡆⣶⡇⣶⣶⡈⣷⡶⢶⣶⠆⣶⢰⣶⣰⡆⣱⡟⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⣄⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣼⣿⣿⠀⡿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣷⡿⣷⣿⢠⣿⣻⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣾⠿⣇⡿⢿⡸⢿⡹⢧⠿⣧⡸⢿⣇⠿⣸⢿⣹⢧⣸⠷⡻⣷⢆⢶⡶⡰⡶⢶⢆⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣈⣝⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠸⠀⠿⠄⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣭⣭⡛⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⡻⣛⡻⡿⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣧⡛⢣⡍⣿⣏⣽⣿⡇⣿⡇⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⣧⣤⠀⠀⣠⣾⡿⣫⡴⠀⢀⣴⣦⣶⣶⡀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣥⡝⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⠀⣿⡇⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠿⠙⠠⢊⣛⡛⡾⢋⣤⣾⣏⠀⠠⣤⡉⢿⠀⢰⣏⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⣿⣟⣷⣿⣿⣸⡸⠿⣠⠿⠷⠶⠿⠷⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣄⠀⠈⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⢸⣿⣾⠀⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⣯⡍⣩⣭⢻⣭⠟⣭⣭⡿⢿⣿⢛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢟⣛⠿⣿⢿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢠⣿⢻⡇⢸⣿⢨⢹⣿⢩⢸⣿⢸⣿⣄⣿⢠⣿⢟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣼⣷⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢰⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡇⣾⣻⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣜⣛⣣⣜⣛⣣⣛⣛⣸⣿⣸⣿⣼⡿⠿⣿⠿⠏⠸⠇⢹⣿⡘⣿⣼⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠘⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 147 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/apple-snitch/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/apple-snitch/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Alan_Turing_Would_Turn_in_His_Grave⠀✐ Posted in Apple, Bill_Gates, Deception at 6:43 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 389a7509596810a2accdb3fcb24b6d8a http://techrights.org/videos/mass-spying-on-local-storage.webm Summary: Apple says it “protects children” but it is in fact handing over a weapon to the state (against anyone the state deems an “enemy” for whatever reason) by eradicating the expectation of privacy in one’s private computing devices APPLE has quite a catastrophe in its hands. It’s discrediting its own advertising campaign, which it needed to spend many millions if not billions of dollars on (convincing many fools that ‘i’ devices stand for privacy). In our next batch of Daily Links we shall show the accumulation of several new Apple scandals. “The media has devoted a lot of space, time, and attention to Apple’s plan to scan and extract hashes from people’s private devices, not their communications, transmissions, or “online” (“clown”) storage.”Ryan Farmer, a longtime reader, doesn’t think too highly of Tim Cook, Apple’s CEO for about a decade now. Despite being gay, Ryan strongly dislikes Cook. To quote him: “He seems to be as much of an older white business criminal as the rest. Apple’s behavior is extremely right-wing. They exploit slave labor, don’t much care for human rights. They even delve into social issues with the software, like routing women seeking abortions to fake abortion clinics that are really Christians who hector women into keeping the pregnancy when they get there. And I don’t really like abortion, but I think that your computer should do what you asked it to do. Apple is clearly taking a political stand on a lot of these issues, and it’s squarely right-wing on social issues and in support of a corporate fascist state that doesn’t tax them or get in their way with regulation. Much like the other “big tech” companies, honestly. They all shook hands with Trump and then dumped him as soon as he got the “tax law” passed. They were paying negative real rates on taxation to begin with and now it’s worse yet. They got everything they were going to get from him and then cut him loose, and if Tim Cook cared about gay rights he’d have never been photographed in the same room, much less shaking hands.” “If homosexuality was a criminal offense and a scandal today, and the governments leaned on Apple to help turn people in for it, I doubt they would object or resist,” Ryan continues. “They’re a business and they do what the government wants most of the time, expecting things in return for it. The “CSAM” excuse is just a foot in the door. Nobody will go to bat for these people because what they do is disgusting and detestable and should qualify for hanging, honestly, in many cases. And that’s the whole point. It will start there, but it will not end there.” “Move to Free software. People are presumed innocent, not guilty, and proper legal procedures are followed (such as judges authorising a search based on leads, testimonies, and bits of evidence).”The media has devoted a lot of space, time and attention to Apple’s plan to scan and extract hashes from people’s private devices, not their communications, transmissions, or “online” (“clown”) storage. We have strong reasons to suspect that Apple isn’t the first; it is the first to speak about it and that should mortify every innocent person. Move to Free software. People are presumed innocent, not guilty, and proper legal procedures are followed (such as judges authorising a search based on leads, testimonies, and bits of evidence). In the video above I forgot to show what I had planned to show; it’s my Palm PDA, which lacks a connection. It used Bluetooth back in the days; it still does IR, but without physical access nobody can see my personal notes on that device. And that used to be normal. That was, once upon a time, the expectation of device owners (about 2 decades ago, going back to their very genesis). The problem isn’t just Apple, but all those large and state-connected technology companies which prefer for everyone to think that only criminals would want or need privacy. “The problem isn’t just Apple, but all those large and state-connected technology companies which prefer for everyone to think that only criminals would want or need privacy.”“Our system of laws has traditionally been set up to at least have the appearance of the presumption of innocence and the theory that it’s better to accidentally let some guilty people go than to deprive others of their constitutional rights,” Ryan asserts. “And what the iPhone is doing is really an end run around due process. Because you’re a witness against yourself and you’re not secure in your “papers and effects” from an unreasonable search. The government is using the iPhone as a “constitution condom”. “If the people who wrote the Bill of Rights were alive today they’d be horrified, I think, to see how many ways the government has nullified our rights and freedoms. There is literally nothing in the constitution that even gives them the right to do “COVID lockdowns”. The whole exercise has been one of an unmitigated power grab. They keep doing things that are disproportional to the problem that we face in order to set precedent. They declare an emergency and then they give themselves emergency powers that don’t end. Governor Pritzker in Illinois has used the Illinois Emergency Management Act to suspend laws, write up rules that conflict with laws, etc. and all of this says that he has that authority for 30 days. This emergency has been going on for 18 months and nobody has challenged it.” Some people do as they please and get away with it regardless. It’s a multi- tiered society with official and unofficial ‘royals’. “Some people do as they please and get away with it regardless.”There are many headlines this week about ‘Prince’ Andrew getting in trouble (lawsuit for sexual assault, coming from an underage sex abuse victim, obviously connected to the trafficker, Epstein) and lots of recycled crap about Bill Gates “regretting” his close connections to Epstein (even visiting him in prison to help him get out of there by reputation laundering). Gates obviously knew what he had done. It was not possible not to know at that stage. Well, why did he “faint” as reported in the media (he was only concerned about the public finding out) if he is innocent? Why is his wife and his best friends among those distancing themselves from him? Why_is_he_paying_Twitter and fearing_people_who_talk_about_him? One can only speculate, but remember that it wasn’t Microsoft (MSN) that turned in his pedophile engineer, who got arrested for_pedophila_in_Bill's_very_own_home. The tip came_from_Google because the engineer had passed child pornography through_GMail (he also had an MSN account) and then, upon request, Comcast_provided_additional_logs. The nature of_these_depictions (photos and videos) was particularly disturbing and we’ll refrain from explaining the severity. The amount of material was vast. It was spread among lots or devices, some of them portable. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Prague Castle⦈ Castles with keys held by respective governments to ensure anytime access “There are many headlines this week about ‘Prince’ Andrew getting in trouble (lawsuit for sexual assault, coming from an underage sex abuse victim, obviously connected to the trafficker, Epstein) and lots of recycled crap about Bill Gates “regretting” his close connections to Epstein (even visiting him in prison to help him get out of there by reputation laundering).”“Apple seriously underestimated the blowback that this would receive,” Ryan has told us in IRC. “Many people who are aware of what they’re doing have followed Apple’s “policy evolution” from “We will absolutely never build a backdoor into our products.” to “We’re building a backdoor into our products and it breaks E2E encryption in everything, including iMessage, just like the governments requested, but it’ll never be used for anything else. Trust us! Oh, and anyone who complains about where this is obviously going is a “screeching whiner”. There are dark days ahead if people passively accept this, and Google is no doubt under the same pressure from the same governments to bake this into Android phones as well. For Apple to do this while advertising privacy, then calling people who want privacy the tinfoil hat club and sympathizers for child abusers is hypocrisy of the first order. Your platform, in this case Apple’s products, are either secured or backdoored. There’s no other state they’re in. No partial backdoor. From here on out, they are backdoored government malware, in total. I predict that many people won’t notice or will fall in line with the “Anyone who wants privacy is a criminal, but I use my iPhone because the billboard said Privacy.” camp. Privacy for who? From what? Nothing that matters at this point. Perhaps if Apple is putting in a scanning program, they can do something about all that iPhone malware that manages to get along just fine even though their users are trapped in the crApp Store. Smartphones are a sewer, but Android is clearly the platform for people who prefer their bullshit out in the open where we can get a good whiff.” █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠤⠀⠀⠠⠤⠤⠤⢤⠤⡦⠤⠤⠄⠠⠄⠀⠀⢠⡄⡀⠀⢀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠄⠀⠤⡤⠤⠄⠀⠀⢀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠂⢀⢀⠀⠀⣀⡀⣀⢠⠤⠄⠤⢤⠔⠠⠤⡠⢤⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⡀⠠⠀ ⣤⣤⣼⣿⣇⡑⡯⢶⣞⠎⡷⠼⢳⠅⡈⣬⣄⣡⣜⣣⢫⢏⡽⡹⠏⠟⠛⠐⠒⠂⠚⠚⠛⠃⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⠉⠀⠂⠚⠉⠔⠐⠊⠀⠉⠙⠩⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⠂⠄⠀⠀⠐⠈⠂⠐⠀⠘ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⢀⠀⣷⠀⠤⠄⠀⡀⠠⠄⡐⣀⣀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠰⠄⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠉⠑⠀⠐ ⠀⠀⠙⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠃⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⠂⠂⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢸⢰⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣾⣿⣆⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠠⠀⣘ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠂⢠⠤⠀⠀⢠⣽⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⡰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠓⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢿⠿ ⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡖⠓⢀⣾⣿⣧⣠⣤⣤⡄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣇⠀⠈⠠⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⡀⠐⠂⠐⠀⠀⡀⠐⠂⢂⠀⠉⠀⠈⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠂ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⣾⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣈⡉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣧⣠⣀⢰⡄⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡶⢰⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⢨⣿⣿⡏⣩⡤⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⣠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠛⠑⠘⣿⢿⡻⣦⣄⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠒⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⣤⣼⣬⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣠⡦⢻⣡⣬⣬⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡍⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠆⠀⠀⣀⣀⣿⢲⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢀⠀⣀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⡄⠉⠀⠀⠰⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⢿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣖⣻⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣭⣽⠍⠛⠁⠐⢦⣢⣴⣷⣿⣿⣅⣀⣠⣤⣵⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣧⣩⢻⡀⠀⠘⠳⡦⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠄⠠⠄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠉⣻⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉ ⠀⠈⠙⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣹⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠯⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠌⠀⢠⢠⠷⠿⣿⣯⣥⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣹⣿⣿⡏⢻⡟⢿⡧⣿⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢉⣿⡟⠠⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡿⠁⠀⠀⠘⠟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠈⠁⠈⠙⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠒⠂⠒⠂⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⡀⠼⠟⠛⠋⠡⠒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠤⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⠟⠾⠓⣠⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⣀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⢉ ⣀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢴⣶⣿⡿⡟⡷⢿⠫⠟⠛⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢆⡀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 349 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/dui-public-office/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/dui-public-office/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ An_EPO_Administrative_Council_Exposé_—_Part_V:_Sharing_Out_the_Spoils_of Public_Office⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:13 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. An_EPO_Administrative_Council_Exposé_—_Part_I:_A_New_EPO_Balkan_Affair? 2. An_EPO_Administrative_Council_Exposé_—_Part_II:_A_Mysterious_Fist-Bumping Masquerade_in_Skopje 3. An_EPO_Administrative_Council_Exposé_—_Part_III:_A_Longtime_Associate_of the_Doyen 4. An_EPO_Administrative_Council_Exposé_—_Part_IV:_A_Party_Political_Animal 5. You are here ☞ Sharing Out the Spoils of Public Office 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Safet_Emruli_for_Albania⦈_ SOIP Director Safet Emruli waves the Albanian flag at a DUI rally. Summary: “There can be little doubt that Safet Emruli’s appointment as head of the SOIP and subsequent reappointment in 2018 were significantly influenced by party political considerations.” In the last part we examined the political connections of Safet Emruli, the former Director of the North Macedonian State Office for Intellectual Property (SOIP). In particular, we noted his affiliation with the Democratic Union for Integration (DUI) – in Albanian: Bashkimi Demokratik për Integrim (BDI) – which was established in June 2002 under the leadership of the former NLA guerrilla leader, Ali Ahmeti. It’s clear that Emruli makes no secret of his DUI affiliation and that he wears his political colours on his sleeve. “It’s clear that Emruli makes no secret of his DUI affiliation and that he wears his political colours on his sleeve.”In this part we intend to look at how his professional career has benefited from his connections with that party. Since it was established in June 2002, the DUI has managed to overtake its main rival for the ethnic Albanian vote, the more conservative Democratic Party of Albanians (DPA) which was established in 1994. The DUI is now the largest ethnic Albanian party in North Macedonia and it has typically managed to attract somewhere between a 10% to 14% share of the overall vote. “The DUI is now the largest ethnic Albanian party in North Macedonia and it has typically managed to attract somewhere between a 10% to 14% share of the overall vote.”Its worst showing was in 2006 when its share of the vote fell to 7.5% because of its participation in the controversial administration led by Nikola_Gruevski of the nationalist-conservative VMRO-DPMNE. But by 2020, it had bounced back to 11.48%. Since its formation in June 2002, the party has managed to participate in no less than 6 out of 7 administrations (as a junior coalition partner) and has only been in opposition once for a relatively brief period between 2006 and 2008. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇DUI_participation⦈_ Since its formation in 2002, the DUI has participated in 6 out of 7 administrations. (Source: Wikipedia) The DUI’s strategic role as a parliamentary “kingmaker”, has ensured that the it gets its fair share of ministerial positions at the cabinet table along with a generous quota of senior civil service appointments. These civil service appointments come in the form of “Directorships” of various government agencies associated with the ministries. “…the DUI normally gets to determine who is in charge of the SOIP and, thus, who represents North Macedonia on the Administrative Council of the EPO.”It’s worth mentioning at this point that in most, if not all, of the coalition arrangements to date the DUI has been allocated control of the Ministry for Economic Affairs which is responsible for supervising the State Office of Intellectual Property (SOIP). In other words, the DUI normally gets to determine who is in charge of the SOIP and, thus, who represents North Macedonia on the Administrative Council of the EPO. Following the failure of negotiations with the dominant nationalist- conservative VMRO-DPMNE in 2006, the DUI was dumped as a coalition partner in favour of the DPA, its main rival in the ethnic Albanian camp. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇DUI's_Fatmir_Besimi⦈_ DUI politician Fatmir Besimi responsible for Emruli’s installation as head of the SOIP in 2008. But, after a brief spell in opposition, the DUI was back in business with the VMRO-DPMNE in the wake of a early general election held in 2008. In the coalition administration formed in 2008, the DUI politician, Fatmir_Besimi, was placed in charge of the Ministry for Economic Affairs. On Besimi’s recommendation, Safet Emruli was awarded_the_position_of_SOIP Director_in_August_2008. [PDF] “The political crisis was initially set in motion by corruption allegations against VMRO-DPMNE leader Nikola Gruevski and his coalition partners, including the DUI.”Prior to that Emruli had held a junior academic teaching position in the Faculty of Law at the State University of Tetovo. We will return to Emruli’s links to the State University of Tetovo in due course, but for the moment we want to focus our attention on his DUI connections and their relevance in the wider context of the overall political landscape in North Macedonia. During the period between 2015 and early 2017 the country was shaken by successive waves of political turbulence which had their origin in a bitter domestic power_struggle between the nationalist-conservative VMRO-DPMNE and the social-democratic SDSM. The political crisis was initially set in motion by corruption allegations against VMRO-DPMNE leader Nikola Gruevski and his coalition partners, including the DUI. The allegations of corruption raised by the SDSM were followed by allegations of illegal_mass_surveillance of political opponents and wide scale public protests. “Following a general election in December 2016, Gruevski and his allies were accused of obstructing the formation of a new government, in order to avoid losing power and facing prosecution for corruption.”The deteriorating political situation led to an intervention_by_the_EU and the installation of a caretaker government with representatives from both the VMRO-DPMNE and SDSM. Following a general election in December 2016, Gruevski and his allies were accused of obstructing the formation of a new government, in order to avoid losing power and facing prosecution for corruption. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Macedonia's_Gruevski⦈_ Macedonia’s “Capitol Hill” moment in April 2017 when supporters of Gruevski stormed the parliament. The crisis culminated with a “Capitol Hill” moment in April 2017 when supporters of Gruevski stormed_the_national_parliament in Skopje in reaction to the election of Talat_Xhaferi as the parliament’s chairman. “The actions of those who stormed the parliament in April 2017 appear to have been motivated by concerns about the increased Albanian influence over public affairs which they feared would result from the planned alliance between the SDSM and Albanian parties, including the DUI.”Xhaferi, an ethnic Albanian affiliated with the DUI, had previously served as Defence Minister. He was a controversial figure for ethnic (Slav) Macedonians because in 2001 he had been a high-ranking officer in the Macedonian army stationed in Tetovo when he deserted_to_join_the_NLA_guerrillas during the “Albanian insurgency”. Under the terms of the Ohrid_Agreement he was amnestied along with his comrades-in-arms in the NLA. The actions of those who stormed the parliament in April 2017 appear to have been motivated by concerns about the increased Albanian influence over public affairs which they feared would result from the planned alliance between the SDSM and Albanian parties, including the DUI. “As the SDSM’s main coalition partner in the new administration, the DUI received a number of key cabinet positions in return for supporting Zaev…”In the end – and with the support of the DUI – Zoran_Zaev of the SDSM, was confirmed as the new Prime Minister in May_2017 and things gradually began to settle down. Back in 2015, Zaev had condemned_the_DUI for being as corrupt as the VMRO- DPMNE. But he was now reliant on their support to govern, so – as a matter of “political expediency” – all of his former reservations about the SDSM’s new allies quickly disappeared. As the SDSM’s main coalition partner in the new administration, the DUI received a number of key cabinet positions in return for supporting Zaev, including the Ministry for Economic Affairs which this time was placed in the hands of Kresnik_Bekteshi. “There can be little doubt that Safet Emruli’s appointment as head of the SOIP and subsequent reappointment in 2018 were significantly influenced by party political considerations.”In February 2018 the new government announced the appointment of 25 “Directors” affiliated with the DUI. Some of these were fresh appointments and others were renewals of existing appointments. On that occasion, Bekteshi, the DUI minister in charge of the SOIP, ensured that his party comrade’s appointment as head of that agency was renewed. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Bekteshi_and_Topic_in_SOIP⦈_ EPO Vice-President Topić, a key enabler of Benoît_Battistelli, cosying up to DUI Minister Bekteshi at a SOIP event in Skopje (October 2018). There can be little doubt that Safet Emruli’s appointment as head of the SOIP and subsequent reappointment in 2018 were significantly influenced by party political considerations. This kind of appointment occurs in many countries, and it certainly seems to be par for the course in North Macedonia. “In the next part we will take a look at Emruli’s academic record and his connections to universities in Macedonia and elsewhere.”But even if the appointment may have been primarily a political one, it must be said in Emruli’s defence that he can lay claim to a decent set of academic credentials and he has some kind of demonstrable track record as a legal scholar. So at least it can be argued that he had a credible level of qualification for a senior administrative position of this kind. In the next part we will take a look at Emruli’s academic record and his connections to universities in Macedonia and elsewhere. █ ⠓⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣄⠀⠀⠈⢡⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠹⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣶⠀⠀⣀⢸⣿⡇⢸⠏⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠓⠻⡇⠇⠀⠀⠀⠒⢂⣤⣶⣾⣶⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢺⡿⣿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢄⠄⠘⠇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⣿⣤⣾⣿⢏⡛⠁⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣦⡀⢨⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⢀⠀⢾⣧⣴⣤⣿ ⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⠁⠀⠀⠂⢐⠀⢨⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣄⢲⣦⡀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠈⣉⣿⣭⣿⣿⡌⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⠆⡈⣿⣿⠷⡤ ⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠋⠉⠀⠀⠅⠀⠀⢸⢩⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⣄⣷⣶⣶⣠⣤⣄⣘⠛⠃⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⢹⣿⣾⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟⠹⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⢂⡀⠈⠻⠿⠿ ⡄⠈⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠺⠿⠿⠿⠏⡅⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⢻⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⡟⠛⠻⠉⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣄⡈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠦⠄⣄⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢀⣰⣿⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢘⡋⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣨⡠⢂⠀⠀⠀⢀⢻⣿⠏⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠘⠿⠀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡹⢛⣴⡄⠀⠀⣈⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⡀⢀⣄⡀⠀⢻⡇⣾⣤⡀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠍⣩⡹⢿⣿⠟⣭⣝⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⢌⢇⣿⣝⠇⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣹⣿⣵⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⡄⢼⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣯⡧⣇⢀⣴⣀⣀⣘⡇⢸⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣥⣤⣿⣿⣯⣠⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠘⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠻⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢶⡂⣸⣿⣷⣶⣷ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣯⠍⢿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢨⣅⠀⠻⣿⠿⠿⠻⡓⣄⠘⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠆⠼⠽⣿⣿⠏ ⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠈⠙⠻⢿⠟⠀⠘⣿⠇⡐⠀⣀⡀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣦⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⡰⣿⣿⣶ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣷⣞⠾⠟⠁⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣨⣶⣿⣯⣿⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⢀⣤⣶⡈⠂⠘⢅⡉⠈⠭ ⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⣻⣿⣇⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⡔⢦⣍⠊⢻ ⣿⣷⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣟⠙⢻⣟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠹⡄⠙⠢⠀ ⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⢸⡘⢏⢻⣷⣎⢿⡿⣿⣧⢻⣖⡄⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⡇⠀⠑⠌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⠈⢮⡓⠽⣿⣧⢻⣽⣿⠟⣿⣿⠀ ⠟⠟⠛⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠡⡄⠀⠂⠈⢈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠳⡄⠙⣷⣮⣽⡏⢿⣿⢰⣿⣿⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠤⡀⠀⠀⢀⣦⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠏⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡐⣾⣶⣌⣻⣿⡿⠞⡇⡜⢸⣿⡇ ⣶⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠣⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⢳⣶⡙⠻⣿⣿⣿⡏⢿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⡿⠀⡆⢸⣿⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠠⡐⠤⣁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⢸⣿⠶⢳⣶⣴⣿⣷⠘⠛⡿⣭⣭⣭⣵⣶⡀⠠⠾⠏⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠡⠀⠀⠀⣹⠑⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⡀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡹⣿⠈⠈⠁⠂⠙⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⣕⣶⡎⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣿⡿⠗⣾⣿⣿⣷⡖⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠈⢦⠔⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣄⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠂⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡟⠛⠓⠛⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠧ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣶⣄⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢒⢦⣴⡦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⡙⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣏⣯⣿⣷⣶⣂⣀⣟⠁⡠⣄⣤⣤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠘ ⣿⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡆⢰⠁⠘⠀⢹⢠⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣷⠘⢐⠡⢩⠠⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣆⠃⡈⠌⡁⠌⠈⣻⣦⢀⠚⣿⡇⣿⠂⠀⠋⠈⠃⠈⡄⠄⠈⣿⣿⣿⠀⣀⡄⠁⠈⡃⠬⠁⠈⣿⢸⣿⠰⠀⠈⠤⢁⠁⡄⢰⠊⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⡇⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣿⢸⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡩⠛⣍⠛⣍⣏⡍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⠟⢹⢟⢹⡟⢩⢻⡋⣟⠍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⣫⠝⣿⣟⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⠫⢝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢝⠛⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡙⢏⠟⢿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣤⣥⣭⣦⣥⣯⣬⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣶⣼⣶⣼⣹⣤⣼⣧⣯⣥⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣥⣬⣽⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣬⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣼⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⠊⠄⠷⡀⠗⡇⠅⣿⡇⣿⣷⢸⡆⣟⡀⡻⡷⠅⡃⠇⣷⢸⣿⡇⣿⣷⢸⠞⠡⢿⠞⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⠮⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠮⠕⢠⠡⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⠃⠡⠌⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡩⠛⣍⠛⣍⡏⠍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⣫⢹⠩⢹⣿⠩⢝⡭⢛⡍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⣫⠝⣿⠫⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⡫⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢝⢛⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡙⢋⢟⢿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣤⣥⣭⣦⣥⣧⣥⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣥⣽⣬⣼⣹⣭⣬⣤⣭⣬⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣥⣬⣽⣬⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣼⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⠋⠄⠷⣸⡆⣷⢸⣿⡇⣿⣷⢸⡆⡯⠬⠹⡇⠇⡁⠃⡗⠡⣿⡇⣿⣷⢸⡰⠇⢿⠞⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⠬⢝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠮⠕⢰⠡⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⠑⢹⠐⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡭⠛⣍⢻⡋⡿⡋⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⠩⢽⡩⢹⡿⠩⢹⠋⡟⠍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⡟⢹⣿⣩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⢫⠝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢝⢛⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡙⢋⢟⢿⢛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣯⣤⣥⣭⣾⣧⣷⣦⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣭⣵⣭⣼⣱⣬⣴⣦⣦⣥⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣶⣴⣽⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣥⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣼⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡇⣿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⡿⠋⠄⠿⣸⡆⡇⠅⣿⡇⣿⠪⠕⠨⢘⢿⢏⣶⠘⢀⠭⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣴⡿⠬⢍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⠸⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠮⠕⢰⠱⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡆⢰⠑⢹⠐⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿ ⣿⢸⣿⡭⠛⣭⢋⡍⡏⡍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⢫⡹⢟⢹⡿⠩⠙⠭⠋⡍⣿⡇⣿⣟⢹⡋⣿⣿⠏⣟⠭⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢹⠫⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡫⢝⢛⢟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡙⢋⢟⢻⢛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣯⣤⣥⣭⣮⣬⣧⣥⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣬⣴⣶⣼⣱⣬⣬⣤⣮⣤⣿⡇⣿⣿⣼⣧⣿⣵⣦⣦⣭⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣼⣬⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣃⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿ ⣼⡇⠀⣿⣿⢻⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢰⣿⣿⢸⢸⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠊⣿⣿⣿⠃⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⢽⢷⣒⣯⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠭⡟⠛⠻ ⣿⡇⢸⣿⡿⢸⡘⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣺⡜⣿⡏⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⡧⠃⠉⠉⠘⢿⡱⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢻⡏⢻⠉⠹⣿⡇⠠⢈⠀⣀⠀⠁⢰ ⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⡼⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣼⣷⡘⣸⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢞⢏⠃⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢼⠠⡆⠀⢠⡄⠈⢈⡀⣿⣇⣴⣿⣤⠤⢶⣳⡞ ⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡧⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢼⣿⢡⢻⡇⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠉⠉⠛⠻⠁⠀⠋⣀⣂⠀⠀⠀⣝⣸⣿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣬⡦⠴⠿⠞⠓⣛⡻⠭⠭⠍⣀⣀⣈⠁⣬⣴⣶ ⣿⠀⢸⣿⣷⣦⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⣼⢇⣿⣧⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠃⠵⠀⠀⢿⠈⣭⣭⣿⢀⣀⣤⡄⣈⢰⣶⣶⡆⢰⣿⡆⢀⣿⢉⣿⠀⣿⣶⡆ ⣿⠀⣼⣿⣿⡯⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⡉⣾⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⡒⠀⢠⣿⢠⣿⣿⡿⢸⣯⣭⠁⡇⢸⣧⣼⢇⣿⣼⣷⢸⣿⢻⣏⢸⣿⣶⡶ ⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡷⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣅⡂⠀⣤⢀⠀⠀⢀⣉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⣠⣣⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⢸⣯⣤⡄⡇⠸⠏⡄⠞⠃⠄⠛⠉⠉⢀⣩⣀⣀⣠⣤ ⡟⠀⣿⣿⣿⡷⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠘⠛⠓⣹⣿⣿⡿⠁⠁⣰⣤⡶⣾⠞⢁⣰⣿⣛⡩⢭⣈⣡⣀⣰⣷⣦⣬⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠉⠀⠀⢾⣉⣉⣉⣥⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⢻⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⣴⣤⣄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡿⠀⢘⣛⣁⠀⠠⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡋⣀⣘⣂⣸⣿⣒⡛⣾⣿⠏⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⢰⣿⣿⣸⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢛⠀⢀⢡⣶⠆⠀⣸⣿⣯⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⢠⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢉⣱⣐⣂⣛⣴⣿⡏⢹⣾⣿⡀⠋⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿ ⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣫⣵⣶⣾⣿⣿⠀⢹⡆⠏⣸⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀ ⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢋⣾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡟⡀⢿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⠿⠿⢟⢛⣛⣫⠭⢭⣅⣰⣼⠂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⢡⣿⡌⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿ ⠀⣘⡉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⢺⣾⡿⢛⣶⣣⢺⠷⠘⣘⣻⠆⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠥⠤⠭⠭⢿⣧⣵⡩⣿⡿⠀⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣂⡀⠭ ⠂⡉⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠂⢈⣿⣡⡉⣼⠀⠖⡇⣟⡿⠻⢀⢹⣿⣶⣾⣯⣤⣘⣛⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⣘⣉⣍⢩⢸⣿⣇⣸⣾⣧⡈⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠂⢘⢘⣚⡛ ⠢⠀⠃⠀⠀⢰⢺⡟⣻⡾⠟⠓⢘⡉⣥⠅⡆⡆⣟⢸⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣬⣭⣉⣉⡉⠿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⣨⣵⣭⣤⣥ ⢧⠀⠴⠀⡀⠠⣡⢠⢦⠆⣪⡗⠻⠞⠛⢀⠉⣄⡰⢺⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⠭⣍⣙⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⢐⡁⠀⠇⠈⠊⢋⣉⣥⣢⣤⡽⣾⣝⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢂⠔⠀⠀⢀⣣⣙⣦⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣠⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠛⠋⠩⣿⣟⣙⣍⣿⣿⠟⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣂⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠹⠟⠓⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡒⡖⣖⣩⢭⢹⣿⠴⢔⣿⡓⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⠶⠲⠖⠰⠖⣸⣿⠧⣾⣿⣿⣀⣀⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢇ ⠀⠀⠤⠤⠬⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠑⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣬ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠒⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡯⠭⡭⡭⢭⡭⣿⡷⣚⢷⣿⡏⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠛⠻⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣅⢇⡭⢈⡅⣿⣾⠀⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⡒⣒⡖⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠀⣼⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢁⠄⡡⠤⠤⠤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠐⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡟⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠂⠿⢿⣿⣎⠑⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢒⣤⣀⡢⠁⢙⣿⠧⠶⡿⠋⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣀⠛⠛⠋⠉⠁⠛⠋⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⢲⣿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟ ⠀⠠⡤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡧⠀⢀⣐⠲⠼⠤⠙⠟⠞⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣷⣤⠅⠸⢿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⣁⣠⡩⢠⣈⡀⠀⠀⠐⠘⠿⠀⠀⠰⠈⣽⢞⠄⠁⠃⠀⠀⠈⠛⡟⡵⠊⢳⡴⡬⣿⣿⢓⣿⣿⡟⡖⡛⣛⡒⡒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢒⣛⡛⠛⣿⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣟ ⣐⣛⣻⡿⣫⣴⢾⣒⠓⢷⢀⠀⠀⠨⢰⡗⡙⢃⡄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠆⠀⢸⣿⡇⣾⣿⢐⣿⣿⡇⠁⢡⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠈⡏⠁⣽⣿⣿⣿⠁⠈⠉⢉⠉⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣠⡄⠀⢀⢸⠈⠙⡟⡹ ⣿⣿⣟⠻⡿⣵⣿⣿⠄⠀⠉⢄⠻⡦⠀⠀⢂⣠⣷⣶⣿⣿⠆⣠⣴⣧⣤⡀⠀⠺⠇⣷⣿⠀⣿⣿⣷⢀⡀⡆⣤⡄⡿⡆⢀⣴⠄⠠⣴⣄⡀⣀⣇⣀⡁⣥⣿⡧⣄⣠⠀⢺⢵⢳⣂⣴⣠⡺⣠⣿⣝⣈⣂⣦⣷⣤⡛⠀ ⠝⢿⣿⡯⠠⠿⠿⡿⡀⠀⣘⣸⡀⠄⠀⠀⠞⠛⠙⣿⠟⠁⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠈⢠⣼⠿⠀⣿⡟⣘⣟⢾⣟⣷⣿⠛⢏⣾⡟⢿⣦⣽⢽⣃⣿⡿⣿⣗⡬⣟⡿⠜⣑⠟⣻⣧⣾⢽⢾⣿⢴⡿⡅⢻⡚⢾⢹⡿⠯⠭⡆ ⠂⠸⠻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠀⠻⠿⡏⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠻⠉⠻⢿⡿⠙⣿⣆⠚⢻⡦⠀⣿⠿⣕⡫⢈⡕⣧⣹⡧⠛⠐⢣⣜⣿⣿⢴⢿⣿⣷⠈⠋⠛⠟⣧⢾⣿⣧⢃⠈⠁⣤⣿⣿⣿⡿⢽⡿⠷⣎⣃⣽⣀⣠⠾ ⣶⣶⡤⢠⡀⠀⢄⠠⣼⣇⠤⠸⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠶⢀⠀⠈⢻⣇⣯⣥⠆⢿⢶⣅⣠⣼⣿⢿⠂⠧⠤⠠⠃⠀⠈⠙⢮⣀⡼⢇⣡⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠛⠀⢀⡼⠂⠉⠿⠀⠜⢫⡀⣠⣴⡥⠒⣖⠈⠛⠓ ⣿⣿⣿⡞⠛⠽⣦⠀⣠⣯⣇⠂⢀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣼⠛⠀⢀⣼⠈⢉⢉⣩⣤⣾⡦⣌⢿⣿⡈⠀⠀⣀⠀⠤⠤⣄⠸⠿⠃⠈⠻⠃⠀⡜⠟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⢈⣚⣿⣶⣿⣿⠛⠿⡿⣏⠣⠀⠀ ⠙⠭⣴⣿⡿⣆⠁⠈⠙⢏⣉⡀⠈⠈⠙⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠈⠛⠋⠈⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠇⠉⠘⣻⣷⠀⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡠⠀⠀⠀⠐⠊⠞⢿⡏⠁⠘⠉⠀⠀⠀⠲⡨⠤⣲⠅ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⡇⠀⠰⣀⣈⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢤⣤⡦⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠉⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⢤⡀⣀⣴⣶⡿⠃⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣶⡿⣾⣯⡀⢀⠀⡄⠰⢆⢴⡛⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⠧⣈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠃⠀⢈⢿⣿⣷⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡿⢁⣄⠐⠊⠛⠛⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠉⠋⠂⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⣴⡄⠀⠉⠂ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⡀⠘⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⠿⠿⠁⠈⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣄⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠅⡙⡄⠀⠀⣿⣷⢦⡀⠤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠃⠐⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠠⡤⠄⠀⣀⢀⣀⣈⣣⣄⣦⠴⠄⣛⡈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣪⠠⢿⠀⢉⣠⣾⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢅⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠐⠀⣀⣦⣤⣤⣤⣼⣦⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⢛⣭⣽⣶⣾⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠻⠋⢡⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡀⠘⠶⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠂⠀⠈⠄⠀⠽⠤⢤⣛⣲⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⡔⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡆⠀⠈⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠌⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣟⠉⣭⣭⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⡟⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠛⠁⠀⠡⡍⠛⡟⠩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠐⠀⢻⣿⡿⠰⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡟⠛⠛⢛⣛⡛⠛⠛⢻⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡾⠛⠙⠛⢻⠟⠛⠣⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣆⠀⢠⣯⠀⠢⠼⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣸⡟⡜⢿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⠛⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⣿⢇⠀⠀⢻⣶⣶⣦⣾⣦⣶⣶⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⣻⡋⠀⠃⠸⠿⠿⠿⠇⠄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⡅⠤⠐⡊⠓⠘⢛⠺⠛⠿⠅⣓⠈⠒⠀⠈⣹⠋⠈⠉⠉⢙⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠋⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢩⣿⠁⠙⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠏⣒⠌⣾⣤⣀⢀⣀⠀⡀⢃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠒⡂⡆⢳⣄⣰⣦⣥⠴⣿⣖⣭⣯⢦⡀⠀⠘⢷⣞⣛⣷⢞⣥⣤⣴⣶⠶⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣦⣤⣶⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⡇⠈⠿⠦⣤⢩⠽⠈⢿⣿⠗⡄⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣶⣾⣷⠳⠾⣾⣿⣻⣷⣾⣿⣿⠟⠁⠘⣿⣤⡀⠀⠉⠉⢩⣾⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣏⠀⢀⣽⡇⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣿⡆⠻⢈⠁⠀⠘⢹⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣿⠿⠏⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣦⣴⡏⠻⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠤⠄⢸⣿⣧⠠⠿⠆⠀⡷⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠽⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠀⢱⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⠀⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡇⠀⣶⣸⣿⣥⣠⣤⠀⠀⠃⣷⡾⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣼⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⠀⠘⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠸⠿⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⡇⠀⠹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣷⠀⠀⠹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣇⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠏⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣧⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⢢⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠒⠶⠦⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⢈⢉⢉⡅⣾⡸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠈⠄⣶⡋⣯⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢟⡇⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣖⣶⣤⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠷⠀⢀⠠⣶⡉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⡅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢶⡟⠃⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣠⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢠⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡾⠿⠿⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 730 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/epo-king-josef/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/epo-king-josef/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ An_Ode_to_Josef⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:12 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Czech_Puppets⦈_ Summary: Great job, Josef! The Czech is in the mail! YOU awesome king On neither wing You are no puppet Nor an Office muppet Josef the great Not a moment too late More earnest than Ernst That makes you the best Supervision minimal Ignoring the criminal Playing it safe Like the Swedish chef Muppets Office galore Quality we assure Media in the bag Praised by every rag Hey hi, everybody Josef is here! The quietest chief Which makes him sincere █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡟⣿⡟⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣷⣶⣶⣆⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠟⠋⠙⠒⠒⠻⠏⣊⠕⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⣰⠂⢤⣠⣀⡀ ⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠋⣹⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠫⠁⠃⢁⣼⠋⠀⠀⠤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠣⠀⣸⢻⢿⢒ ⡀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢀⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣃⣤⣴⣄⣠⣶⠿⠿⠠⠤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⢙⠀⢀⠐⠐ ⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⣰⣶⣦⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⢀⠀⠐⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣼⣿⠿⠛⠓⠛⠁⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠙⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠁ ⠀⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣟⣡⣤⣿⣿⣧⣠⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣠⠤⠤⠤⢶⣶⣿⣿⢂⠀⠚⠿⣿⣿⡟⣟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⡏⣿⣻⣇⣀⣀⣠⣮⣿⣿⢸⢰⣸⣷⢦⡝⡢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣤⡄⢀⣈⢿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣸⣿⣿⢸⡿⠀⠸⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠀⢘⣿⣿⡏⠈⠙⢸⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣯⡙⢿⡟⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡉⠁⠈⠀⠀⢂⠣⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠟⠋⣡⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠈⠁⢳⢻⣻⣿⣷⡤⠀⡀⠀⣩⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠰⠝⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁ ⡉⠹⣿⠿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢾⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠡⡟⠉⠐⠀⠂⠀⠘⠍⡾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣸⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠀⠉⠘⠛⠛⠿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣠⠀⢀⠀⣴⣶⠛⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢉⢟⣠⣬⣓⣁⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⢰⣿⣆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣷⠆⠀⠀⠉⣸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⣴⡟⠻⠿⢿⣿⠸⢿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢀⣀⣀⠴⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣵⣶⣿⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⠀⠤⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢀⣠⣾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣴⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣥⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣦⣄⢀⣿⣿⡿⠗⣋⡁⠘⢠⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⡿⠿⠿⠻⠟⣿⣷⣖⣦⣿⣿⡖⠛⠙⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢫⠃⣿⡘⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠆⣽⣿⠉⢠⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣟⠀⢿⣇⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣾⣿⡏⠁⢠⣿⣿⣿⣟⣘⣿⣧⣀⡀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠉⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡃⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡚⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢲⣍⣹⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣯⡀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢦⡜⠻⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⡀⠀⠀⣿⡄⠀⠘⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢮⡸⠻⣯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 811 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/irc-log-090821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/irc-log-090821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_August_09,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:30 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmXUVeECRMG2k1mUaZFhyS6eG9KT46nz4UuV45SrHMcYsd #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmSPpxh37isZ7RaLxMgNev2xo3BwcCyLLpr8YoiZYrzgXG (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmeHQG6qkiAkkLRKBB5fwAi4VJWpuj8f5wnFnQFzuFnTqc social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmU2an6mYmUfkceSj4WECVtCjHas7pkaYvTcN38n9bee4H social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmWNEwb3o7dioyidRHpx26RaMm2MQHpmXmxDvEsLpdBNkr #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmcnXU61AJcf5fkFjDrGDkGUuFLKWYjLL37JNneqJCfqZi (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZWNVvCBKsLoN1Q5GbvaAFmEvDhgBwfz5MCvDQSqugLgr #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmZKK7MsNEE1QpcYbE2TTgJ8RZsdLzQncysYaNkhZ9P4ZW (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 925 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/10/zero-patents-but-full-voting-rights/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/10/zero-patents-but-full-voting-rights/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ EPO_as_a_Combat_Zone,_Governed_by_Separatists_Who_Take_Bribes⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 2:51 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum bcffc6c5e590c014c0491324c89ac559 http://techrights.org/videos/despots-running-epo.webm Summary: When countries without European Patents get to vote on important issues (and are easy to sway/bribe) it’s hardly surprising that the EPO became a defunct institution, run partly by despots THE governance of the EPO has elements inside it that even the EU rejects. To make matters worse, those elements have as much voting power as that of countries like France and Germany. Imagine a 30-year-old ethnic Albanian (barely any European Patents there) having as much of a say on Benoît Battistelli‘s proposals as the German representatives. Does that make sense? Whether it makes sense of not, this means that António_Campinos and his court- rigging maniacs can do almost anything they please; maybe they’ll just need to drop a bribe here and there… Where’s North Macedonia in this image from the EPO? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇top-50-countries-for-patent-applications⦈_ It is very difficult to find reports or past “results” (quality-agnostic statistics). We’ve tried hard (both navigation and search), so those got buried away if not altogether removed (only press releases remain fully in tact and discoverable). The EPO appears to no longer make it possible to look up number of patents per nation (except for top filers), unlike_past_years. Are they trying to spare them the embarrassment? Or to spare EPO dictators the embarrassment? Like EPO signing lots of deals and MoU stuff with countries that have zero European Patents? North Macedonia isn’t even mentioned in the_latest report [PDF] (at all). Looking at archives, which are very difficult to find anymore (not in navigation menus any longer), we have this: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Macedonia's_zero_patents⦈_ That’s right, zero patents in 2017. Back when it was possible to look up such information… “Expect part 5 some time tonight. There’s lots more in the pipeline, running well into the month of September.”As a side note, this sordid status quo helps explain why the EPO somehow managed to still justify European_software_patents, no matter if the law is sternly against these. A bribe_here_and_there… The video above concerns an ongoing series (see part_1, part_2, part_3, and part_4) with focus on the latest part that’s political in nature. Expect part 5 some time tonight. There’s lots more in the pipeline, running well into the month of September. Buying the media has_its_limits; some_people_out_there_are impossible_to_bribe. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢉⠟⠿⠟⣿⠋⠛⠙⡿⠻⠟⠿⠟⠟⠻⠻⠛⠹⠻⠟⢿⠏⠛⠿⠛⡟⠻⠟⠟⠻⠻⠛⠟⢻⠟⠿⠟⠟⠻⠙⠻⠻⠟⠟⠏⠟⠿⠟⠟⢿⣟⢙⠛⣟⠹⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣬⣄⣠⣿⣤⣦⣴⣷⣤⣤⣴⣤⣦⣤⣬⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣦⣴⣼⣇⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣤⣠⣆⣴⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣥⣬⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣀⣴⢀⠐⢠⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣴⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠤⠤⠼⠤⠭⠍⠩⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠯⠿⠄⠁⠈⠹⠀⠁⠉⠿⠿⠿⠨⠅⠨⠸⠿⠅⠇⠀⢿⣿⠯⠨⠇⠉⠉⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⠅⠠⠿⠯⠈⠨⠩⢿⣿⠇⠸⠇⠉⠉⠸⠈⠉⠁⠁⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠈⠀⠿⠯⠅⠁⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠹⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠉⠏⠉⠹⠿⠍⠋⠉⢿⣿⠯⠩⠏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠭⠉⠉⠹⠿⠿⠏⠏⠉⠿⠍⠉⠉⠙⣿⣿⠏⠹⠏⠉⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠉⠉⠿⠩⠏⠋⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣻⣋⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣏⣉⣹⣿⣋⣋⣉⣿⣿⣏⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣏⣹⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣉⣉⣋⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣉⣉⣋⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣋⣉⣹⣟⣋⣋⣉⣿⣿⣏⣽⣟⣙⣉⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣟⣙⣉⣙⣿⣿⣏⣹⣏⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣉⣿⣫⣋⣋⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⣲⢀⡒⠒⢒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⡂⣀⢰⣖⡂⠆⠀⣾⣿⡆⠰⡆⠒⠐⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡂⠀⣶⣖⢐⢀⣐⣿⣿⡆⢰⡆⠐⡒⠂⠐⠒⠂⢀⠀⠀⡐⠐⠂⣶⣀⠀⣶⡂⠀⠆⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⣲⠒⠆⠐⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⡒⠒⢲⣖⡒⠖⠐⣾⣿⡖⢲⡖⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡒⠒⣶⣶⠒⢒⠲⣾⣿⡖⢰⡆⠒⠒⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡒⠂⣶⣶⡒⠆⠐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡖⣲⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⡖⡖⡒⢲⣶⠖⠖⠒⣾⣿⡖⠲⣖⡒⠒⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠖⠒⣖⠒⠒⣒⠲⣾⣿⡖⢲⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⠒⣶⢒⠒⠖⠒⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠟⠛⢻⣿⠟⠟⠛⣿⣿⡟⠻⡟⠛⠛⠓⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡿⠟⠻⠛⠻⣿⣿⡟⢻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⡟⠛⡟⠻⠛⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡍⢭⠉⠍⠩⢩⠉⠭⠍⠭⢭⣭⡍⠍⠩⢩⣭⠍⠍⠉⣽⣿⡍⠩⡍⠩⠥⢡⠩⠍⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠍⠉⡭⠍⠭⣉⠩⣿⣿⡍⢩⡍⠭⠅⢩⠉⠭⠭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⠉⣭⡭⠍⡍⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠭⢭⠡⠭⢤⣬⣭⣥⣤⣬⣭⣭⡥⡅⠭⢭⡭⠅⡅⠀⣽⣿⡅⢉⡍⠡⠨⠭⢡⣬⣥⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠅⠀⣭⡥⢭⠩⠭⣽⣿⡍⢨⡅⠭⠤⠍⠥⠭⢥⠩⠍⠭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⠉⣭⠭⠍⡍⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠥⣭⠤⠤⠬⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡭⡥⠤⢬⡭⠤⡤⠤⣽⣿⡥⢬⡥⠥⠤⠤⠬⠭⠭⠭⠭⣭⣭⣭⡥⠤⣭⣭⠥⠬⢤⣽⣿⡥⢬⡥⠤⠤⢤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣭⣭⡭⠥⣭⠥⠤⡤⠤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠾⢿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡶⠶⢾⣿⡷⡶⠶⣿⣿⡷⠶⡷⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣿⣿⠶⠾⢶⣿⣿⡷⢾⡷⠶⠶⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣿⠾⠶⡶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⣾⠶⡶⡶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⡶⠶⢾⣿⡶⡶⠶⣿⣿⡷⢶⡷⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠶⣾⣷⢶⠶⢶⣿⣿⡷⢾⡷⢴⡶⣶⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⣿⡶⠶⡶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢒⣚⡒⣒⣐⢒⣚⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡓⡓⢒⢚⣛⡒⡒⠒⣻⣿⡓⣒⡓⢒⣒⢒⡒⢒⣂⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⡒⠒⣚⣓⣒⠛⣒⣻⣿⡓⢚⡓⡒⢒⢒⠒⣛⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣓⠒⣛⣒⡒⡒⠒⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣎⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣩⣻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢍⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣝⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡟⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣵⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣮⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣣⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1086 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_10/8/2021:_The_Case_for_GNU/Linux_in_2021_and_Fedora_vs_CentOS⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:47 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ A_Case_for_Linux_in_2021⠀⇛ The beauty of Linux also lies in its customisability. While the GUI has improved to the extent where most modifications can be performed easily through a graphical interface, you will need to use the command line from time to time to update your existing apps or grab new apps from their respective repositories. On Linux, the command line is a powerful tool that provides an infinite amount of control over your computer if you know how to script on it. It might actually be a good time to learn these scripting languages too while we’re all working from home since Linux has seen heavy implementation outside in digital infrastructures outside of personal computing. [...] Linux is also extremely scalable, making it apt for use on smart devices and IoT devices. It is also already being implemented in single-board computers as controllers for many DIY projects. For the software side of things, developers usually choose a scaled-down version of Linux like Puppy Linux (300MB) and Porteus (300MB), or for even smaller deployment like Tiny Core Linux that comes at 11MB for the command line version and a mere 16MB for the graphical user interface. Because these distros(Linux distribution operating systems) are so small, they can also run on very low memory chips: Tiny Core Linux works flawlessly on 64MB of RAM. This scalability makes it excellent for deployment in a variety of different products. o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes_1.22:_CSI_Windows_Support_(with_CSI_Proxy) reaches_GA⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_in_Kubernetes_v1.22:_alpha_support_for_using_swap memory⠀⇛ The 1.22 release introduced alpha support for configuring swap memory usage for Kubernetes workloads on a per-node basis. In prior releases, Kubernetes did not support the use of swap memory on Linux, as it is difficult to provide guarantees and account for pod memory utilization when swap is involved. As part of Kubernetes’ earlier design, swap support was considered out of scope, and a kubelet would by default fail to start if swap was detected on a node. However, there are a number of use cases that would benefit from Kubernetes nodes supporting swap, including improved node stability, better support for applications with high memory overhead but smaller working sets, the use of memory-constrained devices, and memory flexibility. Hence, over the past two releases, SIG Node has been working to gather appropriate use cases and feedback, and propose a design for adding swap support to nodes in a controlled, predictable manner so that Kubernetes users can perform testing and provide data to continue building cluster capabilities on top of swap. The alpha graduation of swap memory support for nodes is our first milestone towards this goal! o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Gear_⚙️_21.08:_An_imaginary_ad_for_Konsole⠀⇛ What would advertisements for different KDE apps look like? KDE Gear ⚙️ 21.08, an update to many of KDE’s applications, comes out on Thursday, and we decided to give it a go. # ⚓ Quit_Recommending_“Stable”_Distros_To_New_Users_(#shorts)_– Invidious⠀⇛ For decades, when a new-to-Linux user asked “what distro should I use?”, the standard answer was usually Ubuntu LTS, Mint or some other “static release” distro. Rolling release distros were generally not recommended because they were considered “unstable.” # ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_137⠀⇛ Our first impressions of a relatively unusual distro. Plus your feedback about Syncthing, GitHub Copilot, and advice for a new Linux user. # ⚓ Destination_Linux_238:_Careers_In_Open_Source⠀⇛ This week’s episode of Destination Linux, we have an interview with Vojtech Pavlik, Vice President of the Linux Systems Group at SUSE. We’re going to discuss job opportunities and things you can do to prepare yourself for a new career with an open- source company. Then we’re going to cover AMD’s and Valve’s latest endeavor to further improve Linux. Plus we’ve also got our famous tips, tricks and software picks. All of this and so much more this week on Destination Linux. So whether you’re brand new to Linux and open source or a guru of sudo. This is the podcast for you. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Librem_5_support_in_mainline_Linux⠀⇛ We in the Purism kernel team maintain a set of patches against the mainline Linux codebase that is released by Linus Torvalds on a regular basis. We need it in order to support the Librem 5 phone hardware for our users as mainline Linux doesn’t yet support everything needed. But our out-of-tree patchset also exists in order to test the kernel, improve it and work with the development community to include it in mainline Linux. It’s a “development tree” if you will, currently based on the v5.13.5 mainline release. We rebase it regularly. In an ideal world, at some point, the kernel we ship to users won’t include out-of-tree changes anymore. # ⚓ Introduction_to_soliddriver-checks⠀⇛ The OS kernel is central and fundamental to system functionality and integrity. A user needs to be able to trust in the security and stability of the OS kernel at the heart of their mission critical systems. This trustworthiness extends just the same to kernel modules delivered by third party vendors. Such third party modules (often device drivers) are necessary to exploit products and features that are not supported directly with the SUSE kernels. # ⚓ Linux_“sev_secret”_Patches_For_Tapping_Confidential Computing_Secret_Areas_In_AMD_SEV_–_Phoronix [Ed: “Confidential Computing” has nothing to do with confidentiality, it’s just a brand [1, 2]]⠀⇛ The latest AMD SEV work happening to the Linux kernel for benefiting EPYC servers with virtualization is the new “sev_secret” module for allowing guests to access confidential computing secret areas. AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization does allow guest VM owners to inject “secrets” into the virtual machines without the host or hypervisor being able to read those secrets. At present though the Linux kernel doesn’t allow accessing of these secrets from within guest virtual machines. # ⚓ Oracle_Sends_Out_Newest_Patches_For_Trenchboot_/_Secure Launch_For_The_Linux_Kernel_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ For more than one year now Oracle engineers have been working on Trenchboot support for securely booting the Linux kernel. Sent out today is the third revision of this work for establishing a dynamic root of trust for measurement. Trenchboot is centered around improving boot security and integrity. Oracle engineers have been involved with working on Trenchboot integration for the GRUB boot-loader and related components, including this Linux kernel support that has yet to land. Trenchboot relies on Intel’s TXT/SKINIT and AMD-V support for the hardware support around the integrity measurements. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_13_BEST_Free_and_Open_source_SSH_Clients_For_Windows, macOS,_and_Linux_in_2021⠀⇛ SSH Protocol, thinks about protocol as rules of transferring encoded data over the network. It is best used for accessing the remote servers when you use this SSH key and you will get the command-line interface of the server; it is just like you sitting in front of the server which is situated far apart from you. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Ansible_Tower_Install_and_Configure_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Automation needs a boost of work in a limited time. Obtain the most of your investment with an enterprise automation platform that delivers agility and flexibility. No matter where you are on your automation journey with ansible tower. Ansible Tower (previously ‘AWX’) is a web-based that makes Ansible easy to use. It will be the center for all of your automation tasks. The tower is free for usage for up to 10 nodes and comes bundled with fantastic support from Ansible. It can be installed in many ways. OpenShift based deployments are limited to the only Tower. Deployment from Automation Hub on OpenShift is not possible. Deployed on Automation Hub. You can check more detail, refer to OpenShift Deployment and Configuration. # ⚓ Install_SQLITEBROWSER_on_RockyLinux_8.4⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Fix_“semanage_command”_Not_Found_Error_in_CentOS_– Unixcop⠀⇛ I am trying to configure a pgadmin4 with correct and default security context values using a setup- web.sh script. it has semanage command to make changes in SELinux policy to allow access to pgAdmin but I suddenly encountered the following error. # ⚓ How_to_install_Viber_on_Linux_Lite_5.4⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install Vivaldi on Linux Lite 5.4. # ⚓ How_to_install_SMG4_–_If_Mario_Was_In_FNF_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install SMG4 – If Mario Was In FNF on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_to_Install_PostgreSQL_with_pgAdmin_on_CentOS_8_– Unixcop⠀⇛ PostgreSQL is the most advanced RDBMS and pgAdmin is a web UI for Postgres. Here, you will see how to install PostgreSQL with pgAdmin on CentOS / RHEL 8. # ⚓ How_To_Install_VMware_Workstation_on_Linux_Mint_20_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install VMware Workstation on Linux Mint 20. For those of you who didn’t know, VMware is a mature and stable virtualization solution that allows you to run multiple, isolated operating systems on a single machine. This enables one to have Virtual machines of different operating systems running off the host resources. The VMware Tools offer several useful functionalities such as faster graphics performance, shared folders, shared clipboards, drag and drop operations, and more. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of VMware Player/ Workstation on a Linux Mint 20.1 (Ulyssa). # ⚓ SFTP_Command,_How_to_Use_it_Practically_for_Secure_File Transfer⠀⇛ In this tutorial we’re going to show you with practical examples how to use the sftp command to securely transfer files. # ⚓ zypper_command_to_manage_packages_on_suse_Linux⠀⇛ zypper is a command line tool for package management in openSUSE and SUSE Enterprise Linux. It using the ‘libzypp’ library for installing, updating, searching and removing packages a well as for managing repositories, perform various queries, and more. # ⚓ Minishift_OKD_on_Linux_or_macOS_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Minishift requires a hypervisor to provision a virtual machine on the OpenShift cluster. OpenShift is one of the popular PaaS platforms. It is provided by Red Hat. It is Kubernetes based docker container orchestration platform on the foundation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. # ⚓ Fix_“Vagrant_failed_to_initialize_at_a_very_early_stage” Error_–_OSTechNix⠀⇛ Today, I started RHEL 8 vagrant machine and got this error – Vagrant failed to initialize at a very early stage. This was the first time I get such error. # ⚓ Hashicorp_vagrant_with_VirtualBox_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Hashicorp Vagrant is an open-source product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments, e.g., for VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, and AWS. In addition, it tries to simplify the software configuration management of virtualization for development productivity. Ruby Language was used for the creation of vagrant. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Everything_You_Need_to_Know_About_Steam_Deck_–_Make_Tech Easier⠀⇛ The Steam Deck is a handheld PC designed by Valve that looks like a Nintendo Switch but with high end PC components. However, given Valve’s track record concerning hardware (anyone remember the Steam Machine?), it remains to be seen whether the Steam Deck will be a new standard for the industry. Can the Steam Deck erode some of Nintendo’s dominance in the handheld market? Do they even want to? Who is the Steam Deck even for anyway? Read on to find out. # ⚓ Polychromatic_0.7_Released,_New_UI_/_CLI_to_Control_Razer RGB_Lighting_in_Linux_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Got Razer peripherals? Polychromatic released version 0.7.0 with redesigned UI and command line interface to control the RGB lighting in Linux. For those never heard of Polychromatic, it’s a free open-source vendor agnostic front-end for managing lighting, RGB effects and some special functionality for keyboards, mouse, keypads and other gaming peripherals. It so far only supports OpenRazer as backend for Razer devices. Though it aims to add OpenRGB and phue for Philips Hue and more brands support. # ⚓ Configure_Your_Gaming_Mouse_Under_Linux_With_Piper⠀⇛ Owning a gaming mouse for Linux can be kind of annoying because none of the official configurations are actually supported on Linux but luckily there’s a solution and that solution is libratbag and piper. Piper is a gui interface for Libratbag so that’s what we’ll focus on today. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ This_is_why_Valve_is_switching_from_Debian_to_Arch for_Steam_Deck’s_Linux_OS⠀⇛ We recently enjoyed some hands-on time with Valve’s Steam Deck and got to talk to the engineers behind Valve’s bold handheld project. While there are plenty of questions surrounding the hardware side of the Steam Deck, there’s also the whole matter of the operating system to consider as well. Although it can, it won’t be running Microsoft Windows out of the box, but rather Valve’s own SteamOS 3.0 instead. There’s a key change from the version of SteamOS designed for its failed Steam Machines project though, and that’s a switch away from Debian as the core distribution over to Arch instead. Both are popular Linux distributions, but they’re aimed at different markets and that makes for some fundamental differences between the two—most notably how they are updated. Debian, which is one of the oldest Linux distributions, has a defined update schedule in place and long term support of up to 10 years for specific releases. It uses a standard update model, where lots of smaller updates are grouped together and released as a big new version. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Which_OS_is_best_for_you?_Fedora_vs_CentOS⠀⇛ Till now CentOS was supposed to be a downstream and stable OS. But as Red Hat already releases CentOS Stream, you must start looking for an alternative. Fedora is always one of the best choices for testing environments. Fedora is ideal for DevOps users and newbies. For a lot of users, CentOS is the first choice, such users can go for oracle. Both of the OS have their specific segments. Fedora and CentOS both have good community support and contribution. CentOS has good compatibility for even basic configurations and consumes very lesser resources. Fedora can be is used as a generic OS for laptops. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Fridge:_Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_695⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 695 for the week of August 1 – 7, 2021. The full version of this issue is available here. # ⚓ Building_the_bank_of_the_future,_today⠀⇛ Canonical solves this problem with automation that decouples architectural choices from the operations code base that supports upgrades, scaling, integration and bare metal provisioning. From bare metal to cloud control plane, Canonical’s Charmed OpenStack uses automation and leverages model-driven operations. Canonical’s Charmed OpenStack is an enterprise grade OpenStack distribution that ensures private cloud best price-performance, providing full automation around OpenStack deployments and operations. Together with Ubuntu, it meets the highest security, stability and quality standards in the industry. Get in touch with us to learn how banks globally are using open source technologies including private cloud build using OpenStack on Ubuntu to deliver their digital strategy and stay at the forefront of innovation. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Thin_Mini-ITX_board_runs_on_Comet_Lake⠀⇛ MiTac’s “PH12CMI” thin Mini-ITX board features Intel’s 10th Gen Comet Lake-s along with up to 64GB DDR4, 2x GbE, 2x SATA, 4x USB 3.2 Gen2, triple displays, 2x M.2, and mini-PCIe and PCIe x4 slots. German tech distributor ICP sent us one of their periodic MiTac product announcements about an unnamed new thin Mini-ITX board featuring Intel’s Elkhart Lake. Yet the link went instead to a Comet Lake-S powered PH12CMI Mini-ITX board that was announced in June by NPE, and which we cover here. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ MinCab_is_the_smallest_Raspberry_Pi_CM4_carrier_board ever_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Carrier boards for Raspberry Pi CM4 modules are all over the place for routers, NAS, industrial gateways, and more. Here’s another one with the Minimal Carrier Board for Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4, or MinCab, that powers the RPi CM4 module via a USB Type-C port. # ⚓ Reconstruct_core_samples_virtually_from_sand_with_the Magic_Sand_Slicer_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ FDM 3D printers work by taking a model, creating many thin slices of it, and then extruding plastic to produce the desired shape. But what happens if you want to reverse that process, e.g. take many tiny slices of something and build a model digitally? This is commonly done with medical imaging device such as MRI machines, but Danilo Roccatano wanted to design a much smaller and cheaper version that works with sand. His device, which he calls the Magic Sand Slicer, works just as the name implies. Core samples of wet, colored sand are taken from a larger vessel and then placed into an extruder. Next, a 5V stepper motor rotates a long screw that pushes the plunger of the syringe, thus causing sand to extrude at a constant rate. A brush then cleans the surface to make it smooth and a smartphone camera takes a picture. A single Arduino Nano manages everything from the motors to the IR limit switch. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Looks_like_we’re_finally_getting_a_high-end_Android tablet_that’s_not_from_Samsung⠀⇛ # ⚓ WhatsApp:_Android_users,_here’s_why_some_of_you_may be_logged_out_from_WhatsApp_–_Times_of_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_starts_signing_out_free_Hangouts_accounts_on Android_and_iOS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Makes_Bid_to_Block_Lawsuit_Over_Android_User Tracking⠀⇛ # ⚓ PUBG_Mobile_Lite_0.21.2_version_update:_APK_download link_for_Android_devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ IMDB_TV_app_now_available_on_Android_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ [Deal]_Save_$120_on_XGIMI’s_Halo_1080P_Portable Projector_with_Android_TV_built-in_–_TalkAndroid.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ List_Of_Samsung_Devices_Getting_Android_12_Update: Check_If_Yours_Is_On_The_List!⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_enhanced_auto-rotate_in_Android_12_|_Tom’s Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_OnePlus_6_and_6T’s_latest_Android_11_beta promises_smoother_YouTube_videos⠀⇛ # ⚓ Honor_Magic_3_series_goes_for_reservations_with_SD 888+_and_Android_11_–_TechnoSports⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_on_Android_has_a_handy_new_gesture_you’ll want_to_use_right_away⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_C20_Plus_is_an_affordable_Android_phone_that comes_with_2-day_battery_life_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_best_Android_smartwatch_you_can_get_–_Updated August_2021_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Ways_to_Install,_Enable_Eye_Comfort_Mode_on_Any Android_Phone_–_Gadgets_To_Use⠀⇛ # ⚓ 10_Time-Saving_Features_and_Settings_You_Should_Be Using_on_Your_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Beats_Studio_Buds_drop_to_$130,_Moto_smartphones, more_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Malicious_Android_apps_try_to_hijack_your_Facebook account_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_Android_Trojan_Hijacks_Social_Media_– Infosecurity_Magazine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Iranian_Group_Used_Android_Backdoor_– GovInfoSecurity⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PgBouncer_1.16.0_released⠀⇛ PgBouncer 1.16.0 has been released. This release contains a number of new features and important fixes. Highlights are: TLS settings can now be updated and reloaded in a running instance. The maximum length of passwords has been increased to accommodate requirements of cloud services. Cancel request handling has been improved in various ways and should be much more robust now. # ⚓ PostgreSQL_Weekly_News_–_August_8,_2021⠀⇛ PGConf NYC is happening December 3-4, 2021. The CfP is open, as are opportunities to sponsor. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_nanotime_0.3.3_on_CRAN:_Some Updates⠀⇛ Leonardo and I are pleased to share that a new nanotime version 0.3.3 was released today, and arrived on CRAN. This release brings a new (plotting) demo, an updated documentation site, additional nanoduration and nanoperiod functionality, and enhanced testing. nanotime relies on the RcppCCTZ package for (efficient) high(er) resolution time parsing and formatting up to nanosecond resolution, and the bit64 package for the actual integer64 arithmetic. Initially implemented using the S3 system, it has benefitted greatly from work by co-author Leonardo who not only rejigged nanotime internals in S4 but also added new S4 types for periods, intervals and durations. # ⚓ Intel_Fully_Embracing_LLVM_For_Their_C/C++_Compilers –_Phoronix⠀⇛ Intel’s next-generation C/C++ compilers are fully leveraging the LLVM compiler stack in place of their former proprietary compiler code-base. Intel has “complete[d] adoption” of LLVM moving forward for their C/C++ compiler needs. Intel’s longtime compiler expert James Reinders wrote a blog post today outlining their use of LLVM for their specialized C/C++ compilers moving forward. “LLVM helps us with our goal to offer the best C/C++ compilers for Intel architecture. The latest Intel C/ C++ compilers, using LLVM, deliver faster compiler times, better optimizations, enhanced standards support, and support for GPU and FPGA offloading…The benefits of adopting LLVM are numerous…We are committed to making this as seamless as possible while yielding numerous benefits for developers who use the Intel compilers.” # ⚓ What_the_GitOps_Model_Is_and_Why_It’s_Taking_Off_|_IT Pro [Ed: Hype wave, buzzword, and a passing fad]⠀⇛ Why many DevOps teams are now considering the GitOps model as to be an essential part of their Kubernetes deployment strategy. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ EV_charge_calculator_from_script_to_Dancer web⠀⇛ Since my last post I wanted to take my EV charge calculator script and convert it into a web form. In this post I breakdown how I migrated the script to a Dancer2 web app. Just a minor note for those readers who may not be aware, Dancer2 is a “lightweight web-framework for Perl” as described in Dancer2 documentation and can be similar in comparison to Ruby Sinatra and Python Flask. # ⚓ Rakudo_Weekly_News:_2021.32_FirstCon_Done⠀⇛ The first Raku Conference is over: if you like the full experience, you can check out the video streams of Day 1, Day 2, Day 3. It was great to see such an event dedicated to the Raku Programming Language run so smoothly, thanks to Andrew Shitov, all the presenters and participants, as well as the sponsors! # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ Store_Host_IP_in_variable⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ BlackMatter_Group_Debuts_Linux-Targeting Ransomware [Ed: No, it does not target “Linux” but some proprietary software, though media_likes to_associate_Linux_with_negative_things]⠀⇛ The new BlackMatter Russian-speaking ransomware-as-a-service group, which announced its launch last month, has created a Linux version of its malware designed to target VMware’s ESXi servers hosting virtual machines, according to the security research group known as MalwareHunterTeam. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ South_Africa_Awards_AI-Invented_Patent_In_a_World First [Ed: South Africa has added to its existing crises by making itself seem dumb, gullible, and lacking the basic understanding of patent law; South Africa_does_not_even_follow_its_very_own_patent_law.]⠀⇛ South Africa’s patent office has granted the world’s first patent for a creation generated by an AI inventor, DABUS, on July 28. The patent is for “a food container based on fractal geometry,” and the issuance notice was published in the July 2021 Patent Journal. It should be noted that the country does not have a substantive patent examination system, thus the significance of the acceptance may be less than it would be in other jurisdictions; however, this development still represents an important milestone in the world of AI. # ⚓ Green_Globe_Intl._Signs_LOI_to_Acquire_Patent_to_Make Marijuana_Paper [Ed: Law firms and opportunists rushing to patent (monopolise) what was illegal before]⠀⇛ # ⚓ US_patent_community_responds_with_shock_and_surprise to_O’Malley_CAFC_retirement [Ed: No, IAM, there is no "patent community"; it's just a ruthless bunch of law firms which pay IAM to paint them as gentlemen]⠀⇛ US patent practitioners agree that Kathleen O’Malley’s retirement from the CAFC is a loss, but while some hope her replacement has a similar IP background, others just want another intelligent and hard-working judge # ⚓ Is_the_Federal_Circuit_too_Trigger-Happy_Invalidating Means_Claims? [Ed: Dennis Crouch, funded by the overzealous patent litigation industry, is moaning about_fake_patents_being_taken_away]⠀⇛ Rain Computing has filed an interesting petition to the Supreme Court focusing on indefiniteness and means-plus-function claims. Rain Computing, Inc. v. Samsung Electronics America, Inc., No. 21-170 (Supreme Court 2021). Rain’s asserted claims require a “user identification module configured to control access of … software application packages.” The Federal Circuit interpreted “module” as a non-structural nonce word. As such, the court interpreted the module element a means-plus-function limitation under 35 U.S.C. § 112(f). The problem though was that the specification did not disclose any corresponding structure “clearly linked” with the claimed function. As such, the Federal Circuit found the claims invalid as indefinite. [...] I’ll note here that Rain Computing is represented by the Hsuanyeh Law Group, founded by Hsuanyeh Chang. Dr. Chang is also the listed inventor of the patent here and is CEO of the petitioner Rain Computing. # ⚓ Take_Care_When_Modifying_The_PTAB’s_Default Protective_Order⠀⇛ After an initial denial, the PTAB recently granted Unified Patents’ motions for entry of protective order and for seal in Unified Patents, LLC v. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, IPR2020-01048, Paper 33 (PTAB May 29, 2021) because the motions adequately persuaded the PTAB about the nature of the alleged confidential information to be sealed, and the measures did not impose restrictions on employees and representatives of the PTO. Generally, a party “may file a motion to seal where the motion to seal contains a proposed protective order, such as the default protective order set forth in the Office Patent Trial Practice Guide.” 37 C.F.R. § 42.54(a). The PTAB may enter a protective order to protect a party or person from disclosing confidential information upon a showing of “good cause.” Id.; see also Garmin Int’l, Inc. v. Cuozzo Speed Techs. LLC, IPR2012-00001, Paper 34 (PTAB Mar. 14, 2013). A protective order entered by the Board may forbid the discovery or disclosure of confidential information or specify the terms of such discovery or disclosure, among other measures. See 37 C.F.R. § 42.54(a) (enumerating non-exhaustive list of measures that may be included in protective order). On April 12, 2021, Unified Patents filed its initial motions for entry of protective order and for seal. The proposed protective order differed from the PTAB’s default protective order, and Patent Owner agreed to this proposed order. However, the PTAB denied Unified Patents’ motion for a protective order. The PTAB stated: “Section 2(D) of the proposed order imposes obligations on ‘ [e]mployees and representatives of the United States Patent and Trademark Office who have a need for access to the confidential information,’ that are not present in the Board’s default protective order.” Unified Patents, Paper 28 at 2. Departing from the default protective order, Unified Patents had moved a section pertaining to “Support Personnel” with language referencing “the foregoing persons” below a section pertaining to “The Office,” creating such an obligation. Unified Patents, Paper 27, Attachment A. # ⚓ When_inventions_invent [Ed: Truly ridiculous spin looking to justify patent monopolies for bots]⠀⇛ In a globally groundbreaking decision, the Federal Court of Australia has held that an artificial intelligence (AI) system can be named as the inventor on a patent. Thaler v Commissioner of Patents[1] was a challenge brought by Dr Stephen Thaler against IP Australia in respect of both its assertion that the Patents Act 1990 (Cth) did not allow for non-human inventors, and its consequent rejection of his patent application. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Express_Mobile_Patent_Narrowed_After_Ex_Parte Reexamination [Ed: Software patents ought to be annulled completely rather than just "narrowed", but this system is now motivated by money, neither law nor logic]⠀⇛ At the end of 2020, Unified filed two ex parte reexamination (Reexam) requests against patents owned by Express Mobile Inc., a prolific patent troll that has sued over eighty different companies for website development features. In early August 2021, the Reexam of U.S. Patent 7,594,168 concluded with a “Notice of intent to issue a Reexamination Certificate” that likely impacts Express Mobile’s infringement theories and still leaves open future questions about validity. The examiner narrowed claims that Express Mobile has argued repeatedly in court were much broader. For the first time, you can view every ex parte filing since 2000 on Unified’s Portal here. This reaffirms the Northern District of California’s and the Middle District of Florida’s stays of their cases involving the challenged patents. As the notice of intent comes less than one year after the filing of a request, patentees will be hard-pressed to argue that the ex parte reexamination process is too long to wait for a streamlining of their myriad infringement claims—if the patent is valid, it should be more likely that the reexamination will end quickly, and very little burden would be faced by the applicant due to a delay. On the other hand, if the challenged claims are invalid or substantially narrowed past the point of reasonable infringement, it would be a waste of resources to litigate. Additionally, in Express Mobile’s case, had the courts proceeded while the reexamination was still pending, the claim construction briefing would not have had the benefit of Express Mobile’s affirmative, binding disavowal of scope, and the examiner’s basis for allowance, itself probative for claim construction. See, e.g., Salazar v. Procter & Gamble Co., 414 F. 3d 1342, 1347-48 (Fed. Cir. 2005). That is particularly true here, where the examiner concluded that Express Mobile’s references to the specification amounted to a definition, i.e., lexicography. Notice of Intent, pp.7-8. [...] Reexaminations are a valuable tool, particularly with Fintiv lingering. The Reexamination Unit has recently been processing requests much faster than the past, making their use to obtain stays a prudent option. Reexaminations are also a less expensive option (and sometimes faster way) to extract claim scope disavowals and highlight infringement theory weaknesses even though there is little control over what the examiner considers. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2214 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.10.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ ✐ Links_10/8/2021:_Mozilla_Firefox_91,_Tails_4.21,_Russia’s_Big_GNU/Linux_Move, Makulu_Shift_and_Septor_2021.4_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 11:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Chrome_OS_is_a_Un-Appreciated_Masterpiece_–_Invidious⠀⇛ First Time I used Chrome OS and so many people have this operating system wrong! It does far more than you’d expect. # ⚓ Enterprise_Linux_Security_–_Episode_01:_Common Vulnerabilities⠀⇛ In episode 1 of the Enterprise Linux Security Podcast, Jay and Joao talk about CVEs: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. It’s an important topic to understand in the world of security, and we’ll talk about what this means, how they’re classified, and much more! # ⚓ Full_Circle_Weekly_News_#222⠀⇛ o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Official_Shutter_Screenshot_Tool_Launchpad_PPA_Revived_(For Ubuntu_21.04_And_20.04,_Linux_Mint_20.x)⠀⇛ The official Shutter PPA has been revived! Since I was already maintaining a PPA for Shutter screenshot tool, and the tool’s developers were looking for someone to maintain the official Shutter PPA, they thought I’d maintain it. So from now on I will be updating the official Shutter PPA with new releases. Right now, the official Shutter PPA has the latest Shutter (which has been ported to GTK3) for Ubuntu 21.04 and 20.04 (LTS), and Linux distributions based on these Ubuntu versions, like Pop!_OS 21.04 or 20.04, or Linux Mint 20.x. You may also use the PPA to install the gnome-web-photo package (this depends on old libraries though) which allows Shutter to take website screenshots. If you were using the Linux Uprising Shutter PPA, please remove it and add the official Shutter PPA. I will continue to update the Linux Uprising Shutter PPA for some time, though (mirrored from the official PPA), to get the updates to those who don’t read this. There are instructions near the end of the article for how to remove the Linux Uprising Shutter PPA and add the official PPA. # ⚓ Mousai_is_an_awesome_music_identification_app_for_Linux⠀⇛ Mousai App is the equivalent of Shazam on Linux. While it is possible to install Shazam on Ubuntu the user experience and performance are far from ideal. Mousai is a native Linux app which means you will not have to fiddle emulators or manoeuvre with a mouse around an interface made for touch. Shazam a god send but getting it on Linux is a pain Shazam is one of the first apps I install on my phone whenever I get a new phone. Before the app came along I often had to memorise a few lines of a given song that I wanted to identify then Google for the song using the memorised words plus the word lyrics at the end and hope for the best. With Shazam, all you need to do is launch the app and have it sample a few seconds of the song and more often than not you get a result. The more popular the song the faster the result. The song sample doesn’t even have to include lyrics. # ⚓ Video_Trimmer_–_A_Stupid_Simple_App_to_Cut_a_Clip_Out_of_a Video_in_Linux⠀⇛ Want to cut a clip out of a video and share with your friends? Try Video Trimmer, a stupid easy way for those working on Linux. In Linux there are quite a few ways to cut clips or trim videos either in graphical or using command line tools. While video editors are heavy to do the job, FFmpeg is the most efficient choice. And Video Trimmer offers an intuitive user interface for those hate Linux commands. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Fix_“Vagrant_failed_to_initialize_at_a_very_early_stage” Error⠀⇛ Today, I started RHEL 8 vagrant machine and got this error – Vagrant failed to initialize at a very early stage. This was the first time I get such error. # ⚓ Install_the_Raspberry_PI_Imager_on_Ubuntu,_Debian,_Fedora and_openSUSE_–_PragmaticLinux⠀⇛ The relatively new Raspberry PI Imager application is great for downloading, configuring and writing the Raspberry PI operating system to your micro SD card. No more fiddling around with dd command-line parameters in the terminal. There is just one snag if you run Linux: the Raspberry PI Imager application is currently only packaged for Ubuntu. This article explains how you can install the Raspberry PI Imager on other Linux distributions as well, such as Debian, Fedora and openSUSE. # ⚓ What_is_Localhost⠀⇛ Like humans, computer machines also have unique names and addresses. Technically, we identify the computers with hostname [name of the host machine] and IP address. # ⚓ How_to_get_the_most_out_of_GitOps_right_now⠀⇛ GitOps is a great starting point to understand what is running in production, but it may need a little more augmentation to get it working just right for your engineering team. # ⚓ How_I_use_Terraform_and_Helm_to_deploy_the_Kubernetes Dashboard_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ When I’m working on projects that require provisioning cloud infrastructure, my workflow has two disparate components: one is infrastructure orchestration, which includes Terraform to bring up the infrastructure (for instance, new EKS clusters), and the second is the provisioning component, which includes Ansible or Bash scripts to instantiate and initialize that infrastructure to accept new deployments (for instance, installing Cluster Autoscaler, kube-state-metrics, and so on.) The reason for this is simple: very few tools can cross over and handle both the orchestration and the provisioning side. When I stumbled on the Helm provider for Terraform, I wanted to explore the possibility of using one tool to handle both sides: using Terraform to bring up a new EKS cluster and provision it with Prometheus, Loki, Grafana, Cluster Autoscaler, and others, all in one neat and clean deployment. But that’s not happening until I figure out how to use this thing, so below is my experience using Terraform and Helm for something simple: deploying the Kubernetes Dashboard. # ⚓ 18_Useful_Tar_Command_Examples_for_Every_Linux_Sysadmin⠀⇛ The Linux “tar” stands for tape archive, which is used by a large number of Linux/Unix system administrators to deal with tape drives backup. The tar command is used to rip a collection of files and directories into a highly compressed archive file commonly called tarball or tar, gzip and bzip in Linux. The tar is the most widely used command to create compressed archive files and that can be moved easily from one disk to another disk or machine to machine. # ⚓ Best_way_to_install_Docker_on_Ubuntu_20.04_Linux_–_Linux Shout⠀⇛ Docker doesn’t need any introduction now, it is a popular and free-to-use container solution that has established itself very well in the field of container-based applications. Here we will learn the best way to install Docker on Ubuntu Hirsute 21.04, Ubuntu Groovy 20.10, Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS), and Ubuntu Bionic 18.04 (LTS). Being a containerized software solution, Docker offers all functions needed to virtualize applications and operate the containers in an isolated environment from one another, on a host system. A container contains all the resources required to run an application, including the application code, the runtime environment, the system libraries, and the system tools. The system which manages the computer’s resources to the individual containers and ensures their isolation on the host system is called Docker Engine. # ⚓ How_To_Create_Playlist_on_Invidious⠀⇛ Remember Invidious? You can watch and download YouTube videos with it without ads and tracking (technically, without JavaScript). There is playlist feature in it and in this tutorial we will discuss how to create one, add videos to it, and play the videos automatically one by one. # ⚓ How_to_Clone_and_Restore_Linux_Partition_Using_dd_Command⠀⇛ The legacy and standards that drive the Linux operating system make it impeccable and unique among other operating system distributions in terms of achieving certain user-critical functionalities. Most of these functionalities like backing up, restoring, and wiping out system files and user data might require the download, installation, and configuration, of certain application packages. # ⚓ How_to_Find_Top_Running_Processes_by_Memory_and_CPU_Usage_– Unixcop⠀⇛ Linux is quite popular for its command-line utilities, which not only make any task at hand easier but also saves a lot of time, which is otherwise wasted in graphical UI based utilities. This is one of the reasons why Linux is a preferred operating system for servers and administrative machines. Combine the knowledge of Linux commands and shell scripting and you have a proper toolkit of system administration at your disposal. You may have noticed that sometimes your system consumes too much of memory, which makes your application’s slow or unresponsive. What do you think would be the best approach to identify the processes that are consuming more memory in a Linux machine? So This can_be easily identified using the top command and the ps command and we will explain how to use these two commands to identify which processes are eating all the resources on your system. Today we will see how to see the top heaviest memory and CPU resource-consuming processes in Linux. # ⚓ How_to_create_a_StatefulSet_in_Kubernetes⠀⇛ StatefulSets contain a set of Pods with unique, persistent identities and stable hostnames. A pod template is used in a Statefulset, which contains a specification for its pods, pods are created using this specification. We can deploy stateful applications and clustered applications using Statefulsets in Kubernetes. StatefulSet can be updated by making changes to its Pod specification, which includes its container images and volumes. StatefulSets can be used when the applications require any of the following properties. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Open_3D_Engine_should_now_run_properly_on_Linux_without extras_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Still moving alone quite quickly! The Open 3D Engine (O3DE) from the Open 3D Foundation (headed by The Linux Foundation) is a game engine donated by Amazon based upon Amazon Lumberyard. While the initial release came without proper Linux support, work has progressed nicely on that front and most recently developer Fabio Anderegg of Kythera AI had their “ugly Atom renderer hack” merged into the development branch of O3DE. This means that now the O3DE Editor will run on Linux without any changes so we’re another step closer. Anderegg mentioned on Twitter that the Editor should work properly on X11/XCB desktops but there’s no proper Wayland support yet but it should run with XWayland. # ⚓ Inspired_by_Hollow_Knight,_Crowsworn_becomes_one_of_the most_funded_Kickstarter_projects_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ It’s not really surprising that the metroidvania action-platformer Crowsworn got funded but it is a surprise to see just how popular their Kickstarter campaign had become. Not surprising it being a success since Hollow Knight is a very clear inspiration and Hollow Knight is a massively popular game. Crowsworn looks a fair bit like it (and that’s being kind) and so more of the same is a good thing right? Playing something similar to what you love without being exactly the same. For a lot of people, that’s comforting and makes it easy to get into. [...] You can follow Crowsworn on Steam. The full launch is aimed sometime in 2023 with Linux support. # ⚓ Valve_dumped_Debian_Linux_for_Arch_Linux_with_SteamOS_3 because_surprise_–_faster_updates_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ It was likely no secret to most Linux users who know a bit about distributions but Valve has clarified directly that the main reason for dumping Debian Linux for Arch Linux was for faster updates. Previous versions of SteamOS were based on Debian which has a fresh release every 2 years or so, where during that time most of the software stack is frozen in place. For a Linux gaming device, that’s obviously not ideal. Gaming on Linux as a whole often needs more up to date packages because everything moves so quickly. Especially for Steam Play Proton, which has at multiple times needed updates to various packages and newer GPU drivers. Arch Linux on the other hand rolls over constantly with updates and so it gives Valve the flexibility they’re needing to more easily pull them in. # ⚓ AMD_Radeon_RX_6600_XT_Linux_Gaming_Performance_Review_– Phoronix⠀⇛ The Radeon RX 6600 XT was announced at the end of July as AMD’s newest RDNA2 graphics card and is optimized for a performant 1080p gaming experience. For those wondering about its performance, this morning the embargo lifts to be able to talk about its performance. Here are the first Linux gaming benchmarks of the Radeon RX 6600 XT against a wide assortment of other AMD Radeon and NVIDIA GeForce graphics cards. # ⚓ Syndicate_and_Ultima_Underworld_return_to_GOG,_get_them free_until_September_3_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Love your classics? I sure do! Ultima Underworld 1 & 2 plus Syndicate Plus and Syndicate Wars have returned to GOG and you can get a copy of each free. It’s a little odd because EA actually requested their removal back in June, when GOG announced they were being delisted at the “publisher’s request”. It was probable that EA wanted to pull back more of their own stuff from GOG onto Origin. About the games comes back to GOG, EA said: “Syndicate and Ultima Underworld are back! It seems that twenty years on there’s still plenty of love for these titles so we’re pleased to confirm that effective immediately they’ll be available again on GOG, and we’ll be keeping them in the store for the foreseeable future. To celebrate this we’re offering these games as a free download for four weeks.” # ⚓ Valheim_devs_tease_the_new_food_system_in_a_fresh_preview video_for_Hearth_&_Home_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ With the Valheim update Hearth & Home due later this year it’s coming with some major changes to the food system which Iron Gate has shown off in a new video. The food system as it stands right now in Valheim is quite good. You eat to gain stamina and health, with difference foods giving different amounts of each. On top of that, some last longer than others. It can be a bit confusing on the details though and that’s what Iron Gate are making clearer with some UI changes and mixing up the food categories. In Hearth & Home will split foods into categories that give more health, more stamina and foods that give an even split between them. The food bar has been removed, instead the food icons will have timers which is much clearer. # ⚓ Roguebook_from_the_developer_of_Faeria_is_now_released_for Linux_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Abrakam Entertainment SA along with publisher Nacon have released Roguebook their deck-builder roguelike for Linux. The Linux release follows on from the original Kickstarter campaign in 2019 where they raised €66,810. It released on Steam for Windows in June, with macOS following in July and now in August we have a native Linux build too. “The ancients speak of a Book written since time immemorial containing all the world’s legends. After many fabulous adventures, recounted in Faeria – Chronicles of Gagana, this relic was lost in a well of Faeria. Through contact with this source of magic, the Book developed a wicked free will of its own and became the Roguebook!” o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ I_look_forward_to_all_the_improvements_KDE_Plasma will_get_with_the_Steam_Deck⠀⇛ One thing I am excited about when it comes to the Steam Deck is that it has a full desktop Linux mode, which is powered by KDE Plasma and I don’t think that’s getting the attention it deserves. Sure, it is primarily a handheld Steam gaming machine. That comes with a lot of excitement due to the power, the form factor, Steam Play Proton being able to play a huge amount of Windows games and much more. Emulation is a big one too, it’s likely going to be one of the absolute best portable emulation devices around. For me though, perhaps just as exciting is the desktop mode. We know the Steam Deck is running a new version of SteamOS, which is based upon Arch Linux with a KDE Plasma desktop mode. Thanks to this, Valve can pull in updates quicker than we would have seen with their older Debian based SteamOS and so upgrades and fixes for the desktop mode can come whenever they’re wanted or needed. The KDE team are obviously keeping a close eye on it too, and the big thing we all know is that having FOSS used in such a huge way like this will end up being a big boon for Plasma. There’s nothing like being available on possibly millions of devices to make work progress to make it an ever better experience – one that will ultimately benefit all “normal” desktop Linux users who choose Plasma as their desktop environment. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Makulu_Shift_Released_!⠀⇛ MakuluLinux Shift is now Available for Download, This is a MASSIVE, and I mean MASSIVE leap forward for the Project, Make sure to read the release notes properly as Shift is quite a complex Distro which is quite easy to navigate once you get the hang of her, Also Please Keep in Mind that because MakuluLinux Shift is a Transformable Distro that can Transform in 8 Different Styles, there is no more need for Makulu to Host multiple Distro’s. For the Time being Shift will replace every other Distro we would normally host. # ⚓ Septor_2021.4⠀⇛ System upgrade from Debian Bullseye repos as of August 10, 2021 Update Linux kernel to 5.10.46 Update Tor Browser to 10.5.4 Update Thunderbird to 78.12.0-1 Update tor to 0.4.5.9-1 Update mat2 to 0.12.1-2 Update apt to 2.2.4 Update firmwares to 20210315-3 Update VLC to 3.0.16-1 # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Why_Steam_Deck’s_change_of_Linux_distros_could_be_a winning_move⠀⇛ The Steam Deck will run Steam OS 3.0, and with that new version of the operating system, an important change has been made in terms of the Linux distro that it’s based on – with Valve having clarified exactly why this switch (pun not intended) is crucial in terms of giving its portable PC the best chance of success. Steam OS was based on Debian, but Valve decided to move to the Arch distro with version 3.0, with the Steam Deck’s operating system benefiting from the fact that the latter is based on a rolling release model. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Using_AI/ML_for_automated_detection_of_sepsis⠀⇛ Sepsis is a blood infection, it is life- threatening and can lead to death and thus there are efforts to detect sepsis early. Each hour of delay in sepsis diagnosis increases patient mortality by about seven percent. To diagnose sepsis, doctors perform a variety of tests such as: bacteria in your blood or other body fluids, signs of infection on images, a high or low white blood cell count, a low number of platelets in a patient’s blood, low blood pressure, too much acid in your blood, a lack of blood oxygen, problems with blood clots, uneven levels of electrolytes, kidney or liver problems. Critical care patients generate huge volumes of data about their current state which is a challenge for clinicians to digest. Suppose computers could help clinicians analyze the data and detect diseases like sepsis early, before patients are deathly ill. That’s what we’re working towards. # ⚓ By_the_numbers:_Getting_your_team_on_board_with_IT automation_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Automation enthusiasts are often born out of the results that teams achieve through successful automation projects. For many of us, “sleep more” is perhaps the most compelling benefit when updates can be done consistently, correctly, and rapidly across hundreds or more systems, networks, and cloud implementations. No one really enjoys midnight calls to resolve an issue. And when it comes to security and compliance needs, we have seen teams face pressures to resolve risks quickly. When you can create the proper fix in an automation playbook, it can be executed across all impacted solutions in the global infrastructure. This solution can be fast and effective, so the risk is remediated quickly, without the human error that can occasionally creep in when you are doing the same things repeatedly. But there are other benefits, too, such as allowing for more time to work on key priorities that add value or the ability to advance experience and skills. Here are some statistics we’ve used when trying to get some of my teammates on board with IT automation. # ⚓ IT_leadership:_How_to_find_more_ways_to_pay_it forward_|_The_Enterprisers_Project⠀⇛ Years ago, when I first started my career, I received an email containing a joke that I found funny. I forwarded it to a coworker, who then forwarded it along to others. One day, following a six-month intensive management training program, I was called into the vice president’s office. He explained that he was forwarded an email with a joke, and while he found the joke funny, he didn’t pass it along. “I want you to think about this,” he said. “If this were to fall into the wrong hands and offend someone, would you be willing to be known as the person who perpetuated it?” That coaching moment has stuck with me ever since, and it’s one I think of when I find opportunities of my own to coach others. CIOs now have opportunities to coach a wide variety of people across the organization. CIOs are in a unique position today. Our roles have been elevated in light of the pandemic, and many of us are enjoying a truly consultative partnership with the organization. Looking across the enterprise, we have opportunities to coach a wide variety of people – from members of our team to our peers and other stakeholders. Let’s take advantage of this. # ⚓ Call_for_Code_Research_Spot_Challenge_for_Climate Change [Ed: IBM is greenwashing itself]⠀⇛ Did you know that by 2050, the global population will reach 9.8 billion people, exerting further pressure on the earth’s resources? And, by the year 2100, global temperatures could increase 3-5 degrees Celsius (5.4-9.0 degrees Fahrenheit). Climate change has the potential to impact every living organism on the planet. For humans, its impact is already being felt across the continents. It is changing how we live, how we work, and how we interact with the environments we share with our fellow inhabitants of this planet. The situation is critical: Exhaustive scientific research has confirmed changing weather and temperature patterns, rapidly rising sea levels, and an intensifying proliferation of extreme weather events around the world. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Tails_4.21_is_out⠀⇛ To upgrade your Tails USB stick and keep your persistent storage - Automatic upgrades are available from Tails 4.19 or later to 4.21. - If you cannot do an automatic upgrade or if Tails fails to start after an automatic upgrade, please try to do a manual upgrade. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Russian_Arm_SoC_now_shipping_in_Russian_PCs_running_Russian Linux⠀⇛ Russian fabless semiconductor company Baikal is celebrating after local PC-maker IRU started using its silicon in a workstation. Baikal designs SoCs that employ Arm and MIPS technology. On the latter architecture, it offers the twin-core Baikal-T that it says is the “first silicon implementation of the MIPS P5600 CPU core with a wide range of high-speed interfaces”. The model-T is said to be ideal for storage, industrial automation, communications devices, and desktops. # ⚓ Desktop_and_All-in-One_Arm_Linux_computers_launched_with Baikal-M_processor⠀⇛ The last time we wrote news about Baikal Electronics, the Russian company was offering MIPS- based processors, but they’ve now announced that several iRU-branded desktops and one all-in-one computer had been introduced with Baikal-M octa- core Cortex-A57 processor with Mali-T628 GPU, and support for up to 32GB DDR4 RAM, up to 3TB HDD. The computers target the Russian market, especially business to business (B2B) and business to government (B2G) customers, with the use of Astra Linux distribution that contains Russian “data protection tools” such as ViPNet SafeBoot, PAK Sobol, and others. # ⚓ Challenger_RP2040_WiFi_board_marries_ESP8285_with_Raspberry Pi_RP2040⠀⇛ We’ve already seen Raspberry Pi RP2040 getting WiFi connectivity with boards like Pico Wireless Pack, Wio RP2040 mini, and Arduino RP2040 Connect in ways that do not always make technical and commercial sense as in many cases, the WiFi microcontroller (e.g. ESP32) is more powerful than the Raspberry Pi microcontroller. But Invector Labs’ Challenger RP2040 WiFi board does make more sense, as the company combines Raspberry Pi RP2040 dual-core Cortex-M0+ MCU with an entry-level ESP8285 WiFi microcontroller, and also offers LiPo battery support, all that in the Adafruit Feather form factor. # ⚓ Bring_on_the_documentation⠀⇛ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_House_of_Da_Vinci 2,_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Photos_‘memories’_Android_widget_is_now_rolled out_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_C3_is_now_receiving_the_Android_11_update_in India_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_6_and_6T_get_a_new_Android_11_Open_Beta_– comments⠀⇛ # ⚓ Strategy_Analytics:_Xiaomi_Tops_Android_5G_Smartphone Leaderboard_in_Q2_2021_|_Business_Wire⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_is_rolling_out_new_gestures_on_Android_to simplify_video_scrubbing_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_block_a_phone_number_on_Android_|_Tom’s Guide⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Everything_you_need_to_know_about_open_source⠀⇛ Most outsiders see open source as one of the things they find most hard to come to terms within the IT ecosystem: an open collaboration between individuals to create software that is made available to anyone, not necessarily at no cost. As Richard Stallman puts it: “‘Free software’ is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of ‘free’ as in ‘free speech’, not as in ‘free beer’.” There are most definitely costed open source software solutions available. But it is perhaps one of the last bastions of the ideals that animated the early days of the internet, when people thought that a new economic model based not solely on profit was emerging. However, it’s an approach that predates the internet. # ⚓ 7_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Mastodon_Clients⠀⇛ Mastodon is a free and open source microblogging platform similar to Twitter, but with user privacy and decentralization in mind. It’s one of many protocols that interacts with the Fediverse of protocols like Pleroma, GNU Social, and others. Unlike Twitter, Mastodon is not one social network. Getting started with Mastodon can be confusing for newcomers. Mastodon is a federated service. This means its similar to email. You can create an email account with many different providers. And that’s the same with Mastodon. The service lets you sign up to one of many sites that run Mastodon software, called instances. A user can communicate with other Mastodon users on different instances. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Mozilla_Firefox_91_Arrives_as_the_New_ESR Series,_Brings_Back_Simplified_Printing⠀⇛ It’s been a little less than a month since Firefox 90 landed with FTP support completely removed, and now Firefox 91 is already here with various improvements and bug fixes, including the simplified printing feature for a clutter-free print preview page (available under More settings > Format > Simplified in the Print Preview dialog). However, it should be noted that this feature doesn’t work on all pages. Firefox 91 also improves the HTTPS- First policy for Private Browsing windows to allow them to make all connections to a website secure (HTTPS), as well as to fallback to insecure (HTTP) connections only when a website doesn’t support secure connections. # ⚓ Firefox_91_Released_As_New_ESR_Base,_HTTPS First_Policy_For_Private_Mode⠀⇛ Firefox 91 is the newest “Extended Support Release” (ESR) meaning that it’s maintained longer than the normal release cycle and thus a popular target for enterprises and other organizations. Firefox 78 is the current ESR release to this point, thus many changes between then and now for those that stick only to such releases. # ⚓ Mozilla_Security_Blog:_Firefox_91_introduces HTTPS_by_Default_in_Private_Browsing⠀⇛ We are excited to announce that, starting in Firefox 91, Private Browsing Windows will favor secure connections to the web by default. For every website you visit, Firefox will automatically establish a secure, encrypted connection over HTTPS whenever possible. # ⚓ Mozilla_Security_Blog:_Firefox_91_Introduces Enhanced_Cookie_Clearing⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce a new, major privacy enhancement to Firefox’s cookie handling that lets you fully erase your browser history for any website. Today’s new version of Firefox Strict Mode lets you easily delete all cookies and supercookies that were stored on your computer by a website or by any trackers embedded in it. Building on Total Cookie Protection, Firefox 91’s new approach to deleting cookies prevents hidden privacy violations and makes it easy for you to see which websites are storing information on your computer. When you decide to tell Firefox to forget about a website, Firefox will automatically throw away all cookies, supercookies and other data stored in that website’s “cookie jar”. This “Enhanced Cookie Clearing” makes it easy to delete all traces of a website in your browser without the possibility of sneaky third-party cookies sticking around. # § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Data⠀➾ # ⚓ A_conversation_with_Petteri_Kivimäki_on_X- Road®⠀⇛ X-Road is a decentralised data-exchange layer that provides a secure and unified way to exchange data between organisations. X-Road is published as open source under the MIT licence, so it is free for any individual or organisation. Originally, X-Road was developed in Estonia twenty years ago, in December this year it will be its 20th birthday. Since then, X-Road has spread all over the world. In Europe, Estonia, Finland and Iceland are using X-Road, whereas outside of Europe we have 20 additional countries using it. Currently, X-Road has been deployed in South America (e.g. Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) as well as in Asia (e.g. Vietnam, Japan, Cambodia). During the last 20 years X-Road has really grown from an Estonian solution to a truly international open source solution and open source community. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Is_a_United_World_Possible?⠀⇛ I get lost — tangled in doubt and cynicism — when I try to pose the question in a more specific way. What if . . . a collective human voice could be heard, crying out across the borders as the pandemic surges, as the fires rage, as the planet’s life-sustaining climate collapses: “We are one”? What if nationalism’s time has come and gone? o ⚓ Opinion_|_OMG_WTF:_We_Told_You_So⠀⇛ o ⚓ Fatal_Crash_Renews_Concerns_About_Safety_of_Alaska_Aviation⠀⇛ A fatal crash involving a sightseeing flight near Ketchikan, Alaska, last week renewed concerns about aviation safety in a state that accounts for more deaths in small commercial aircraft crashes than anywhere else in the nation. Six people — a pilot and five passengers — died Thursday when a de Havilland Beaver float plane went down eight miles northeast of the Southeast Alaska city of 8,000 that is a cruise ship hot spot. The passengers had been aboard the Holland America Line cruise ship the Nieuw Amsterdam, which only recently resumed operations in the state after a pause related to the COVID-19 pandemic. o ⚓ On_the_Film_Registry:_“National_Lampoon’s_Animal_House”_(1978): An_Interview_with_Tim_Matheson⠀⇛ While each character has their own storyline and point- of-view, Otter is seen as the unofficial leader steering and instigating much of the outrageous Delta House behavior. The Library of Congress spoke with Tim Matheson in February 2021 about his behind-the-scenes experiences, the film’s legacy, and its induction into the National Film Registry. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Remembering_the_Great_Scientific_Crusader_Who_Showed_That No_Biological_Basis_for_Race_Exists:_Richard_Lewontin⠀⇛ Lewontin always harked back to what being radical means: going back to fundamentals in deriving a viewpoint. This method is important, as it makes radical inquiry a powerful tool in science, compared to lazier ways of relating positions to certain class viewpoints. What is the relation between genes and race, class, or gender? Does social superiority spring from superior genes, or from biological differences between the sexes? As a Marxist and activist, Lewontin believed that we need to fight at both levels: to expose class, race and gender stereotypes as a reflection of power within society, and also at the level of radical science, meaning from the fundamentals of scientific theory and data. Richard Lewontin and the population geneticist and mathematical ecologist Richard Levins shared a passion for biology, social activism and Marxism. It is not so well known that Lewontin’s close friend Stephen Jay Gould—the paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and popular science writer—was also a fellow Marxist. All three of them fought a lifelong battle against the racializing of biology and, later, sociobiology, which sought to ‘explain’ every social phenomenon as derived from our genes. Evolutionary biologists E.O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins—and many others—believed that humans are programmed so that society merely expresses what is already embedded in our genes. Through their eyes, white races are superior because of their genetic superiority; as are the rich. In India, there is also a genetic theory of caste to explain the supposed differences between caste groups. And as long as there are significant differences between groups of people—based on class, race, gender or caste—biological ‘explanations’ for these differences will be offered. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ ​​What_to_Do_When_Schools_Use_Canvas_or_Blackboard_Logs_to Allege_Cheating⠀⇛ Online learning platforms provide a variety of digital logs to teachers and administrators, but those same logs are not always made available to the accused students. This is unfair. True due process for cheating allegations requires that students see the evidence against them, whether that’s videos from proctoring tools, or logs from test-taking or learning management platforms like Canvas or Blackboard. Schools should use technology to serve students, rather than using it as a tool to discipline them. It can be difficult to know what logs to ask for, because different online learning platforms call this data by different names. In the case of Canvas, there may be multiple types of logs, depending on whether a student used the platform to take a test or access course materials while studying for it.  # ⚓ The_Company_Behind_Online_Learning_Platform_Canvas_Should Commit_to_Transparency,_Due_Process_for_Students⠀⇛ Schools use Canvas in two ways, both of which result in digital logs being generated by the software. First, schools can use Canvas to administer tests, and the platform provides logs of the test-taking activity. Second, schools can use Canvas to host learning materials such as course lectures and notes, and the platform provides logs of when specific course material was accessed by a student’s device. Neither of these logs are accurate for disciplinary use, and Canvas knows this.  Since January, the Canvas instructor guide has explicitly stated: “Quiz logs should not be used to validate academic integrity or identify occurrences of cheating.” In February, an employee of Instructure commented in a community forum that “weirdness in Canvas Quiz Logs may appear because of various end-user [student] activities or because Canvas prioritizes saving student’s quiz data ahead of logging events. Also, there is a known issue with logging of ‘multiple answer’ questions” (emphasis original). The employee concluded that “unfortunately, I can’t definitively predict what happened on the users’ end in that particular case.”  And as we have previously written, along with the New York Times, course material access logs also do not accurately reflect student activity—they could either indicate that a student was actively engaging with the course material, or that a student’s device was passively logged in to the website, but the student was not actively accessing the course material. Canvas’ API documentation states that access logs should not be used for “high-stakes analysis” of student behavior. # ⚓ ‘Tortured_phrases’_give_away_fabricated_research_papers⠀⇛ In April 2021, a series of strange phrases in journal articles piqued the interest of a group of computer scientists. The group, led by Guillaume Cabanac at the University of Toulouse in France, could not understand why researchers would use the terms ‘counterfeit consciousness’, ‘profound neural organization’ and ‘colossal information’ in place of the more widely recognized terms ‘artificial intelligence’, ‘deep neural network’ and ‘big data’. Further investigation revealed that these strange terms — which they dub “tortured phrases” — are probably the result of automated translation or software that attempts to disguise plagiarism. And they seem to be rife in computer-science papers. Research-integrity sleuths say that Cabanac and his colleagues have uncovered a new type of fabricated research paper, and that their work, posted in a preprint on arXiv on 12 July1, might expose only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the literature affected. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Pentagon_Will_Require_Military_Personnel_to_Get_COVID Vaccinations_by_Next_Month⠀⇛ # ⚓ We_Reopened_Too_Soon,_and_Children_Are_Paying_the_Price⠀⇛ # ⚓ Students_at_Risk_as_Battle_Erupts_Over_Masks_in_US Schools⠀⇛ As in-person instruction begins, or will soon begin, in school districts across the country amid surging Covid-19 cases fueled by the extremely transmissible Delta variant, battles have erupted over mask mandates—or the lack thereof. Advocates of face coverings in schools say they’re a crucial tool to protect kids, especially primary school students—as vaccines have not yet been authorized for those under 12—who cannot yet receive doses. Vaccination rates for those older than 12 remains low, with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data as of Aug. 2 showing those aged 12-15 with a 39.5% rate. That rate climbs to about 50% for 16- and 17-year-olds. # ⚓ Experts_Warn_Viral_Police_Video_and_Media_Coverage_of Fentanyl_Could_Cause_More_Harm⠀⇛ Drug policy and medical experts on Monday continued to criticize a “public safety” video released last week—featuring a patrol deputy who collapsed after being exposed to what the San Diego County Sheriff’s Department said was the synthetic opioid fentanyl—and raise concerns about misinformation spread by law enforcement and news media. The video focuses on Deputy David Faiivae, who collapsed at the scene of an arrest on July 3. Cpl. Scott Crane gave Faiivae Narcan, a nasal spray containing the drug naloxone, which is used as an emergency treatment for opioid overdoses. Faiivae was later taken to the hospital. The sheriff’s department hasn’t yet released a report confirming what he encountered. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Rumsfeld_Then,_DeSantis_Now:_The_Lies_That_Bind⠀⇛ Given the horrific toll of the Iraq War, that disastrous misadventure hardly seems like a good template for combating COVID-19. Yet in key ways, recent pronouncements from Florida Governor Ron DeSantis—whose state is experiencing an overwhelming surge in cases and hospitalizations amid his prohibition on mask requirements—should remind us of the propaganda we once heard from Donald Rumsfeld, the late former Secretary of Defense. The deadly consequences are reminiscent too. # ⚓ Corporate_Polluters_and_DeSantis_Face_Ire_as_Hundreds_of Tons_of_Sea_Life_Dead_in_Florida⠀⇛ Experts are linking Florida officials’ decision to pump wastewater from the Piney Point fertilizer plant into the Tampa Bay earlier this year to the deaths of hundreds of tons of marine life which have piled up along Florida’s coastline—threatening the region’s biodiversity as well as its crucial fishing and tourism industries. The wildlife has washed up along the Tampa Bay area’s popular beaches in recent weeks, where local officials and scientists are linking the mass deaths to a red tide bloom that’s been spotted near the shore in several areas.  # ⚓ Antivaxxers_invoke_segregation_and_Jim_Crow_to_attack COVID-19_vaccination_requirements⠀⇛ Whenever I come back from vacation, particularly when it’s been more than a week, I always wonder how to get my blogging juices flowing again and what to write about. Often I’ll choose a relatively simple topic, just to get things moving again. So when I sat down to write this post I was a bit conflicted. Perusing antivax social media while on vacation, I had noticed a theme bubbling up more and more. As usual, the most overblown, ridiculously off-base version of this theme came from Mike Adams who likened vaccine requirements for jobs, school, and various public events in which lots of people are present to segregation and Jim Crow in a post he entitled YOUR KIND aren’t welcome here: Unvaccinated people now treated worse than Blacks in the Jim Crow era as vaccine pushers turn to bigotry and segregation. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Phishing_Sites_Targeting_Scammers_and_Thieves⠀⇛ I was preparing to knock off work for the week on a recent Friday evening when a curious and annoying email came in via the contact form on this site: # ⚓ [Crackers]_might_exploit_bug_in_Amazon_Kindle, company_issues_fix⠀⇛ A team of cyber-security researchers has discovered security flaws in popular e- reading device Amazon Kindle that might have led [crackers] to take full control of a Kindle device, opening a path to stealing information stored. # ⚓ Apps_Getting_Worse⠀⇛ Too often, a popular consumer app unexpectedly gets worse: Some combination of harder to use, missing features, and slower. At a time in history where software is significantly eating the world, this is nonsensical. It’s also damaging to the lives of the people who depend on these products. First, a few examples to clarify the kind of thing I’m talking about. These are just the ones I’ve had personal experience with. # ⚓ Is_Apple’s_NeuralMatch_searching_for_abuse,_or_for people?⠀⇛ So what will happen when someone’s iPhone flags ten pictures as suspect, and the Apple contractor who looks at them sees an adult with their clothes on? There’s a real chance that they’re either a criminal or a witness, so they’ll have to be reported to the police. In the case of a survivor who was victimised ten or twenty years ago, and whose pictures still circulate in the underground, this could mean traumatic secondary victimisation. It might even be their twin sibling, or a genuine false positive in the form of someone who just looks very much like them. What processes will Apple use to manage this? Not all US police forces are known for their sensitivity, particularly towards minority suspects. But that’s just the beginning. Apple’s algorithm, NeuralMatch, stores a fingerprint of each image in its training set as a short string called a NeuralHash, so new pictures can easily be added to the list. Once the tech is built into your iPhone, your MacBook and your Apple Watch, and can scan billions of photos a day, there will be pressure to use it for other purposes. The other part of NCMEC’s mission is missing children. Can Apple resist demands to help find runaways? Could Tim Cook possibly be so cold-hearted as to refuse at add Madeleine McCann to the watch list? # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Tuesday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by CentOS (flatpak and microcode_ctl), Debian (c-ares, lynx, openjdk-8, and tomcat9), Fedora (kernel), openSUSE (apache-commons-compress, aria2, djvulibre, fastjar, kernel, libvirt, linuxptp, mysql-connector-java, nodejs8, virtualbox, webkit2gtk3, and wireshark), Oracle (kernel, kernel- container, and microcode_ctl), Red Hat (glib2, kernel, kernel-rt, kpatch- patch, and rust-toolset-1.52 and rust- toolset-1.52-rust), Scientific Linux (microcode_ctl), SUSE (kernel), and Ubuntu (c-ares, gpsd, and perl). # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Shenzhen,_the_Silicon_Valley_of_Hardware, Sets_a_Global_Standard_with_China’s Toughest_Local_Privacy_La⠀⇛ Likely to be of more interest to readers of Privacy News Online is China’s first local data protection law. Perhaps unsurprisingly, it comes from the Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen, often called the “Silicon Valley of hardware”. Leading digital companies such as Tencent, Huawei, and the drone company DJI all have their headquarters there. At the other end of the business scale, Shenzhen is also famous for its vast electronics market in Huaqiangbei, generally regarded as the world’s largest. An excellent 2016 video from Wired captures well the extraordinary energy and entrepreneurial activity of Shenzhen in the digital sphere. Given the growing importance of personal data for digital products developed in Shenzhen, it was natural for the city to be authorized to draw up China’s first local privacy law, and this was passed in June 2021; it is due to come into force at the beginning of 2022. An article in the South China Morning Post summarizes the law’s main thrust: # ⚓ Facebook_Pressed_by_U.S._Lawmakers_on Disabling_NYU_Research_Accounts⠀⇛ Senators Amy Klobuchar, Mark Warner and Chris Coons pressed Facebook in a letter to Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg to answer a series of questions. These include how many researchers or journalists have had their accounts disabled this year, why, and how was Facebook changing its terms of service to better accommodate research. # ⚓ Facebook_updates_its_data_transfer_tool: All_you_need_to_know⠀⇛ Facebook has also added two new destinations for information associated with your Facebook account – Photobucket and Google Calendar. So, users will now be able to export events data to their calendar. # ⚓ Jack_Dorsey_says_Bitcoin_will_unite_the world,_but_doesn’t_say_how⠀⇛ This isn’t the first time Dorsey has touted Bitcoin as a vague solution to big problems. At a Bitcoin conference in July, he said that “my hope is that [Bitcoin] creates world peace.” He elaborated: [...] # ⚓ Thousands_sign_open_letter_arguing against_Apple_plan_to_scan_US_iPhones_for child_sexual_abuse_images⠀⇛ “While child exploitation is a serious problem, and while efforts to combat it are almost unquestionably well-intentioned, Apple’s proposal introduces a backdoor that threatens to undermine fundamental privacy protections for all users of Apple products,” the letter reads. They specifically raised concerns around end-to-end encryption being bypassed and user privacy being compromised through the use of the checks Apple will use on devices to scan for child abuse imagery. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Commission_on_Capitol_Attack_Contemplates_Requesting_Jan._6 Trump_Call_Logs⠀⇛ # ⚓ America_Loves_Guns⠀⇛ # ⚓ As_the_US_Leaves_Afghanistan,_Anti-War_Feminists_Push_a_New Approach_to_Foreign_Policy⠀⇛ Although the US war in Afghanistan is now widely seen as a waste of lives, money, and time, in the fall of 2001 it was defended by the Bush administration and heralded by a number of prominent American feminists as a crusade for women’s rights. “The Taliban must go. The terrorists must go. The rights of women must be restored,” Feminist Majority Foundation founder Eleanor Smeal said that September. Two months later, on the radio, Laura Bush celebrated: “Because of our recent military gains, in much of Afghanistan women are no longer imprisoned in their homes.” # ⚓ Twilight_of_the_20-Year_Occupation_of_Afghanistan:_U.S. Soldiers_Sent_to_Kill_and_Die—For_What?⠀⇛ Davis’ experience is typical of what critics of U.S. foreign policy refer to as the “economic draft.” He explained, “I have a lot of friends who are broken in the sense that they drink too much or their bodies [have been left broken from excruciating work]. Sometimes on the farm you work 15 hours a day, and there’s no overtime… Opiates were definitely a part of [what people turned to] in Franklin County where I grew up. You work hard and go home and you hurt, so you drink or do whatever.” Davis recalled, “My dad was in the military before me, and to his credit, my dad told me, ‘don’t do it’—and he’s a super conservative individual. But my thought process was, ‘my life isn’t going anywhere, and the military is a way out.’” Military recruiters are well aware of this dilemma facing so many young people. “I was sent to a troubled youth school when I was 17,” said Davis. “It was super right-wing and religious. [In school,] I initially talked to a Marine recruiter who [spoke with]… people who are on the ‘wrong track.’” # ⚓ Ukraine:_the_Key_to_Unlocking_the_Russian-American Stalemate⠀⇛ U.S. policy toward East Europe for the past quarter-century has been counter-productive.  President Bill Clinton started down the wrong road in the mid-1990s with the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).  President George W. Bush widened the expansion to include former republics of the Soviet Union and even flirted with bringing Ukraine and Georgia into NATO.  The flirtation with Georgia led to the short war in the summer of 2008 between Russia and Georgia.  The flirtation with Ukraine provided the context for the Russian-American clash over Ukraine that culminated with Moscow’s seizure of Crimea in 2014 and its intervention in the Donbass, the industrial center of eastern Ukraine, which is ongoing.  German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned Bush not to challenge these Russian “red lines” on its borders, but U.S. policy makers have been deaf to the dangers for too long. Vindman’s new book, “Here, Right Matters: An American Story,” focuses on Ukraine as a strategic partner for the United States, which Russian President Vladimir Putin and presumably his successors would never accept.  Vindman sees Ukraine as a “U.S. partner crucial to our Russian strategy,” and a “bulwark against Russian aggression in Eastern Europe.” # ⚓ The_Media’s_Lies,_and_Lies_by_Omission,_About_Migration_Out of_Nicaragua⠀⇛ A day after the publication of the AP piece, a strikingly similar article appeared in Vice News, that pseudo-alternative zine which promotes what Ben Norton has astutely dubbed “hipster imperialism.” The article is even more tendentiously headlined A Brutal Crackdown in Nicaragua Is Fueling A New Wave of Migrants to the US. It claims that “the number of people arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border from the Central American nation is now surging.” Like the AP report, it starts off with an emotive anecdote that doesn’t just set the scene but gets to the Sandinista- bashing from the outset. Its first sentence reads: “His parents fought for the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua four decades ago, but when Lenin Salablanca protested its continued rule, he was imprisoned for ten months.” It focuses specifically on the arrest of several opposition figures in the last few months as the major cause of increased migration from Nicaragua, claiming that this itself purportedly stems from a “crackdown on dissent that began with an uprising in 2018.” It points in particular to the arrest of “numerous political opponents, including seven potential presidential candidates in the coming November election.” The latter claim is, of course, a complete lie. Not a single one of those arrested was ever a candidate of a legally registered political party, so they weren’t even in contention for the upcoming presidential election. As for the insinuation that their arrests were a cynical political calculation on the part of President Daniel Ortega, the reality is that all of them have received funding from Washington, usually via one of its CIA front groups such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the National Endowment for Democracy (NED). They were therefore arrested under the terms of two new laws to protect national sovereignty: the ‘Foreign Agents Law’ and the ‘Law to Defend the Rights of the People to Independence, Sovereignty, and Self-Determination for Peace.’ Far from being cynical ad hoc mechanisms for crushing political dissent, these laws were based in large part on the US’s own FARA Act. They rightly criminalize the promotion of foreign interference such as the solicitation of military intervention, the organization of terrorism, and the abetting of coercive economic measures. # ⚓ Recently_released_‘Network’_case_defendant_says_he confessed_under_torture⠀⇛ Igor Shishkin, a former defendant in the “Network” (“Set”) terrorism case who was released from prison in July 2021, claims he was tortured following his arrest in January 2018 and gave a forced confession. # ⚓ Cities_Looking_To_Dump_ShotSpotter_Since_It’s_Barely_More Useful_Than_Doing_Nothing_At_All⠀⇛ Tech that supposedly detects gunshots has been deployed in multiple cities across the nation with the intent of providing faster response times to possible violence and to give investigators heads up where illegal activity may have occurred. The tech has some pretty serious problems, though. # ⚓ NY_Times,_WaPo_national_security_reporters_serve_at_pro-war Pentagon-funded_think_tank⠀⇛ # ⚓ Mozambique:_40%_spike_in_children_fleeing_violence_— report⠀⇛ Mozambique is battling an Islamist insurgency being carried out by a group known locally as al-Shabab. It is not connected to the Somali militant group of the same name. It is is widely reported to have links with the so-called Islamic State. Since 2017, al-Shabab has been waging a campaign in northern Mozambique during which massacres have been carried out targeting civilians living in remote villages. # ⚓ Food_Aid_Only_Reaching_Half_of_Tigrayans_in_Need⠀⇛ The United Nations has estimated that 5.2 million people — a shocking 90% of the population of Tigray — is in need of food assistance. # ⚓ Over_100_Children_Killed_in_Attacks_Amid_‘Disastrous’ Tigray_Conflict:_UNICEF⠀⇛ The United Nations children’s agency expressed alarm Monday in response to reported attacks that killed over 100 children in Ethiopia’s Afar region amid a humanitarian catastrophe fueled by the spreading and ongoing Tigray conflict. “The intensification of fighting in Afar and other areas neighboring Tigray is disastrous for children,” UNICEF executive director Henrietta Fore said in statement that put the death toll of Thursday’s attack on families sheltering at a health facility and a school at over 200. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Solutions_to_the_Climate_Crisis_No_One_is_Talking About⠀⇛ Fourth, require the fossil fuel companies that have profited from environmental injustice to compensate the communities they’ve harmed. As if buying off our democracy wasn’t enough, these corporations have also deliberately misled the public for years on the amount of damage their products have been causing. If these solutions sound drastic to you, it’s because they are. They have to be if we have any hope of keeping our planet habitable. The climate crisis is not a far-off apocalyptic nightmare — it is our present day. # ⚓ Opinion_|_We_Have_Reached_Our_Climate_Tipping_Point:_It’s Up_to_Us_to_Tip_It_Back⠀⇛ # ⚓ Climate_Chaos:_Is_Biden_Up_to_the_Challenge?⠀⇛ In the heat of the election, he made sensible climate promises. Yet he must have known he would break his public trust by not keeping those promises. Nevertheless, the danger of climate is not going to be swept under the rug. Climate chaos changes everything # ⚓ The_Civilian_Climate_Corps_Could_Be_Transformative._Will Democrats_Meet_the_Moment?⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Not_a_Report_to_Despair_Over’:_IPCC_Gives_Humanity_Clear Directive_to_Act_Boldly_and_Urgently⠀⇛ As the climate movement vowed Monday to “rise up” after a new United Nations report signaled a “code red for humanity,” activists and experts highlighted the specific policies and actions that decision-makers must now take to prevent the most catastrophic impacts of “unprecedented” global heating—particularly a prompt end to fossil fuels. “The exigency of this situation must not lead us to despair, rather it should propel us into action.”—Mary Robinson, The Elders # ⚓ Opinion_|_With_Earth_on_Edge,_Climate_Crisis_Must_Be Treated_Like_Outbreak_of_a_World_War⠀⇛ The new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report released today, August 9, 2021—the first of four that make up the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment report—reiterates in scientific language (it deals with the physical science basis of global warming) what we have already known for quite some time from scores of previous studies: humanity faces a climate emergency, global warming is human driven, major climate changes are irreversible, and time is running out to avoid a catastrophe of unimaginable proportions. # ⚓ “A_Code_Red_for_Humanity”:_Major_U.N._Report_Warns_of Climate_Catastrophe_If_Urgent_Action_Not_Taken⠀⇛ In its first major report in nearly a decade, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has warned the Earth could face runaway global temperature changes unless drastic efforts are made to reduce greenhouse gases. The IPCC says humans are “unequivocally” to blame for the climate crisis, which has already caused “widespread and rapid changes.” Scientists conclude average global temperatures will likely rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius, or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, above preindustrial levels by 2040 based on carbon emissions already in the atmosphere. The report also warns temperatures will continue to rapidly warm after 2040 unless immediate action is taken now. For more, we speak with two lead authors of the new IPCC report: Kim Cobb, professor of Earth and atmospheric sciences at Georgia Tech, and Bob Kopp, professor and director of the Institute of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences at Rutgers University. “The changes we’re seeing now are widespread. They’re rapid. They’re intensifying. They’re unprecedented in thousands of years,” says Kopp. “It’s indisputable that these changes are linked to human activities.” # ⚓ “This_Was_Avoidable,”_Climate_Activists_Say_About_Grim_New Science⠀⇛ This story is part of Covering Climate Now, a global journalism collaboration cofounded by The Nation and Columbia Journalism Review to strengthen coverage of the climate story. # ⚓ Released_IPCC_Report_Says_Window_Is_Rapidly_Closing_for Climate_Action⠀⇛ # ⚓ From_Fires_to_Floods_to_Sea_Level_Rise,_Human-Induced Climate_Crisis_Is_Severely_Disrupting_Earth⠀⇛ We continue to discuss the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, which details the damage of climate change already underway around the world and warns that much worse is yet to come unless governments drastically reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The report tallies the losses from human-induced climate change “in an absolutely scientifically verifiable and attributable manner,” says climate scientist Saleemul Huq, director of the International Center for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh. “The path to keeping it below 1.5 degrees is diminishing by the hour.” We also continue with Kim Cobb and Bob Kopp, two lead authors of the new IPCC report. # ⚓ Greta_Thunberg:_New_IPCC_Report_Is_a_Wake-Up_Call_for_All About_the_Escalating_Climate_Emergency⠀⇛ Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg says the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change should serve as a “wake-up call” for governments to do more to lower emissions. In its first major report in nearly a decade, the IPCC says the Earth could face runaway global warming unless drastic efforts are made to eliminate greenhouse gases and that humans are “unequivocally to blame for the climate crisis,” which is already causing widespread and rapid changes. “The climate crisis is not going away,” Thunberg said. “It’s only escalating, and it’s only growing more intense by the hour.” # ⚓ To_Address_Climate_Emergency,_Group_Says_Biden_Must_Slash Methane_Emissions_65%_by_2025⠀⇛ In response to Monday’s publication of the first part of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report, which United Nations Secretary General António Guterres called a “code red for humanity,” environmental justice advocates demanded that U.S. President Joe Biden use his executive authority to immediately slash methane pollution as a key step in life- saving climate action. “Biden must use all the powers available to him, including using the full power of the Clean Air Act, to cut oil and gas methane pollution 65% by 2025, and declaring a national emergency on climate to stop fossil fuel expansion,” Lauren Pagel, policy director at Earthworks, said in a statement. # ⚓ ‘Code_Red_for_Humanity’:_IPCC_Report_Warns_Window_for Climate_Action_Is_Closing_Fast⠀⇛ By Jake Johnson at Common Dreams A panel of leading scientists convened by the United Nations issued a comprehensive report Monday that contains a stark warning for humanity: The climate crisis is here, some of its most destructive consequences are now inevitable, and only massive and speedy reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can limit the coming disaster. Stay up to date with DeSmog news and alerts # ⚓ Climate_Movement_Says_‘Apocalyptic’_IPCC_Report_Signals ‘Moment_to_Rise_Up’⠀⇛ Climate activists didn’t need yet another report to tell them that continued inaction in the face of accelerating global warming would be catastrophic—the evidence is plain for all to see. But the Monday release of a U.N. panel’s detailed assessment of the latest science offered a fresh opportunity for climate campaigners to ramp up pressure on world governments to completely end their reliance on and devotion to fossil fuels before it’s too late. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), that moment is fast approaching. # ⚓ ‘Code_Red_for_Humanity’:_IPCC_Report_Warns_Window_for Climate_Action_Is_Closing_Fast⠀⇛ A panel of leading scientists convened by the United Nations issued a comprehensive report Monday that contains a stark warning for humanity: The climate crisis is here, some of its most destructive consequences are now inevitable, and only massive and speedy reductions in greenhouse gas emissions can limit the coming disaster. “Many of the changes observed in the climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some of the changes already set in motion—such as continued sea level rise—are irreversible.”—IPCC # ⚓ Greta_Thunberg_Is_in_Vogue_Scandinavia,_Talking_Fast Fashion_and_Sustainability⠀⇛ The International Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) latest climate report delivers a sharp warning: Some level of climate catastrophe is unavoidable, and it’s coming sooner than we think. But the report, released Monday, also issues a message of hope — there’s still time to prevent making things worse, if we take action now. As Greta Thunberg, the 18-year-old climate activist and cover star for Vogue Scandinavia’s inaugural issue, put it on Twitter, the report “confirms what we already know.” “It is up to us to be brave and take decisions based on the scientific evidence provided in these reports,” she continued. “We can still avoid the worst consequences, but not if we continue like today, and not without treating the crisis like a crisis.” # ⚓ To_Save_the_Planet,_Focus_on_Cutting_Methane_–_U.N._Climate Report⠀⇛ Countries must make “strong, rapid and sustained reductions” in methane emissions in addition to slashing CO2 emissions, scientists warn in a landmark report by the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/ wg1 released Monday. The plea could cause consternation in countries opting for natural gas as a cleaner alternative to CO2-belching coal. It also could pose challenges for countries where agriculture and livestock, especially cattle, are important industries. # ⚓ Major_Report_Warns_Climate_Change_Is_Accelerating_And Humans_Must_Cut_Emissions_Now⠀⇛ “It is indisputable that human activities are causing climate change,” says Ko Barrett, the vice- chair of the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the senior adviser for climate at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “Each of the last four decades has been the warmest on record since pre- industrial times.” The authors — nearly 200 leading climate scientists — hope the report’s findings will be front and center when world leaders meet for a major climate conference in November. # ⚓ ‘Code_red_for_humanity’:_UN_report_gives_stark_warning_on climate_change,_warns_wild_weather_events_will_worsen⠀⇛ Hundreds of top scientists released a devastating report Monday on the danger that human-caused climate change poses to the world. Calling it “code red for humanity,” the landmark report was released in Geneva, Switzerland, by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Many of the changes seen in the world’s climate are unprecedented in thousands, if not hundreds of thousands of years, and some of the changes already set in motion – such as continued sea-level rise – are irreversible over hundreds to thousands of years, according to the report. # ⚓ Earth_is_warming_faster_than_previously_thought,_scientists say,_and_the_window_is_closing_to_avoid_catastrophic outcomes⠀⇛ “Bottom line is that we have zero years left to avoid dangerous climate change, because it’s here,” Michael E. Mann, a lead author of the IPCC’s 2001 report, told CNN. Unlike previous assessments, Monday’s report concludes it is “unequivocal” that humans have caused the climate crisis and confirms that “widespread and rapid changes” have already occurred, some of them irreversibly. # ⚓ Climate_change:_At-risk_nations_fear_extinction_after_IPCC report⠀⇛ Under the 2015 Paris Agreement, more than 190 governments agreed the world should limit global warming to 2C or ideally 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. But the new report says that under all scenarios, both targets will be broken this century unless huge cuts in carbon take place. US Climate Envoy John Kerry said that to reach the targets, countries urgently needed to change their economies. # ⚓ Earth_will_hit_1.5°C_climate_limit_within_20_years,_says IPCC_report⠀⇛ Researchers said each of the past four decades has been successively warmer than any decade since 1850, and warned of more extreme weather if emissions aren’t checked. This year has already seen deadly floods and heatwaves, from Canada to China. “Climate change is not a problem of the future, it’s here and now, and affecting every region of the world,” says Friederike Otto at the University of Oxford, a lead IPCC author. In the worst of five scenarios detailing how future global emissions may play out, the world faces a catastrophic 4.4°C average temperature rise by 2100, the IPCC concluded. Under all five scenarios, in the next two decades warming reaches or exceeds the 1.5°C goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement, which also set a weaker goal of holding warming to 2°C. # ⚓ A_Hotter_Future⠀⇛ The panel concludes that the average global temperature is very likely to rise 1.5 degrees Celsius, or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, above preindustrial levels by 2040, and to continue to warm for another 10 years. At that threshold, nearly 1 billion people could face life-threatening heat waves at least once every five years, the report finds. We will confront more record-breaking heat (as in the Pacific Northwest in July and southern Europe last week); more frequent floods (as in India, Germany, and China); more frequent droughts (as in the U.S. West); and rising sea levels that will threaten coastal cities (as in Miami). Those changes are baked in, and it’s imperative to prepare. # ⚓ Finnish_WMO_Secretary-General:_IPCC_report_shows_world heading_towards_2-3_degrees_of_warming⠀⇛ According to the Finnish meteorologist, current global efforts are far from achieving the goals set by the Paris Climate Accord of keeping warming to between 1 and 2 degrees, regarded as the level at which humanity can adapt and mitigate climate change. One scenario in the report predicts warming of up to 8 degrees Celsius if limitations on emissions remain low. “At the UN our aim is to reach a 1.5 degrees- warming level which would be best for the welfare of mankind and the biosphere. Now we are heading towards 2 to 3 degrees warming instead,” Taalas said. “The report underlines the urgency to enhance the ambition level of climate change mitigation.” # ⚓ UN_Chief:_Climate_Change_Report_‘Code_Red_for_Humanity’⠀⇛ The IPCC report warns that global average temperatures will hit 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2030 on current trajectories, the limit agreed at the Paris climate summit in 2015 — and seen as a tipping point by many scientists. That’s 10 years earlier than previous forecasts. U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres described the findings as “code red for humanity.” # ⚓ Gulf_Stream_puzzles_science_−_but_don’t_panic_yet⠀⇛ Could an ocean circulation system − the Gulf Stream, say − sort of  shut down? And what would that do to the world’s climate? # ⚓ Atlas_in_the_John,_Flushing⠀⇛ Gideon Defoe’s book, An Atlas of Extinct Countries: The Remarkable (and Occasionally Ridiculous) Stories of 48 Nations That Fell Off the Map, is very much like the paragraph above, full of crazy historical characters, offbeat places, unusual shituations*, and wildass things that only happen to the human species (as far as we know, there are no torture Gimps among the wildebeests, say) and that the rest of the Animal Kingdom must look on with wonderment applied and not a little terror, and in no hurry to evolve, if that’s what it comes to. Atlas has four sections: Chancers and Crackpots; Mistakes and Micronations; Lies and Lost Kingdoms; and, Puppets & Political Footballs.  Each of the 48 entries is headed by # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Extinction_Crisis_in_Watercolor_and_Oils:_Using Art_to_Save_Plants⠀⇛ # ⚓ With_Trout_Dying_Across_the_Northern_Rockies,_Why_is Poisoning_More_Trout_in_the_Scapegoat_Wilderness_Area_a Top_Priority?⠀⇛ To start with, the project is already being challenged in federal court over at least 67 helicopter trips into the Scapegoat Wilderness Area, to haul in and operate a motor boat, generator, and the poison. So if you were planning on entering the “untrammeled by man” Wilderness where all mechanized use is prohibited, your experience might be diminished by the choppers whack, whack, whacking overhead. Then there’s the reality that poisoning entire water bodies – and especially flowing streams — severely alters biodiversity and causes a broad loss of taxa and species from those ecosystems. Basically, the rotenone kills not just the target trout, but also the aquatic insects upon which the stream’s ecosystem relies, as well as any gilled amphibians unfortunate enough to be there when the poison is applied. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Tents_of_Venice_Beach⠀⇛ Venice is Los Angeles’s bohemia. For decades it has been the stomping ground of the eccentric, the quirky, the artistic, and the stoned. It’s home to the fabled boardwalk and the weightlifting spectacle known as Muscle Beach. Many of its beachfront buildings feature ornate arched entranceways, expansive windows, and murals of long-departed movie stars. The airy, light-filled houses along the canals, a few blocks from the ocean, are as beautiful—and these days as expensive—as any homes on earth.1 # ⚓ After_a_Decade_of_Activism,_$15_Wage_Becoming_New_Average in_Some_Industries⠀⇛ # ⚓ McConnell_Is_Now_Promising_“Enormous”_Debate_Over_Deficit Which_He_Helped_Create⠀⇛ # ⚓ As_Landlord_Groups_Fight_Eviction_Moratorium,_Federal_Aid Slow_To_Reach_Tenants⠀⇛ Tenants across the United States, who have fallen behind on rent during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of losing their job or reduced work hours, received a sign of hope as the Center for Disease Control (CDC) issued another extension of the eviction moratorium. But landlord groups are pushing in federal court to block enforcement of the moratorium.  The eviction moratorium was extended until October 3 for most communities in the U.S. and in spite of millions of dollars in donations to Democrats from real estate interests. Yet, despite the moratorium, relief still has been slow to reach tenants.Dawn Foust of Indianapolis, Indiana, has been unemployed through the pandemic from her paralegal job. She applied for rental assistance in October 2020, and more recently in May 2021, but Foust still fell behind in rent. Her landlord refused to complete their side of the paperwork for the funds to be distributed.  # ⚓ Housing_Advocates_Welcome_CDC_Eviction_Moratorium_But_Say It’s_Not_Enough⠀⇛ # ⚓ “Band-Aid_Over_a_Bullet_Wound”:_Housing_Advocates_Welcome CDC_Eviction_Moratorium_But_Say_It’s_Not_Enough⠀⇛ Despite a new two-month moratorium on evictions issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, millions of people in the U.S. are still at risk of losing their homes as landlords in some states fight back against the measure. The new CDC moratorium is “a band-aid over a bullet wound,” says Tara Raghuveer, director of KC Tenants, a tenants’ rights organization in Kansas City. “This is a very small step. It’s the bare minimum. And for many tenants … this will actually not offer the protections that are needed to keep them in their homes.” # ⚓ Biden’s_Eviction_Moratorium_Is_a_Rare_Act_of_Presidential Civil_Disobedience⠀⇛ The Centers for Disease Control, at the behest of President Joe Biden, has issued a new eviction moratorium to help keep people in their homes as the Delta variant spreads across the country. The order will almost certainly be struck down by the conservative-controlled Supreme Court. In a ruling on the previous moratorium in June, alleged attempted rapist Brett Kavanaugh indicated that the CDC wildly overstepped its statutory authority by issuing a ban on evictions. Kavanaugh provided a fifth vote to uphold the old moratorium, but only because it was set to expire soon, and he wanted to give Congress time to pass a law allowing it to freeze evictions during a public health crisis. # ⚓ Sanders_Unveils_Final_$3.5T_Reconciliation_Package Alongside_Infrastructure_Bill⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sanders_Hails_$3.5_Trillion_Resolution_as_Most ‘Consequential’_Proposal_Since_the_New_Deal⠀⇛ Sen. Bernie Sanders described the $3.5 trillion budget resolution that he and Senate Democrats unveiled Monday as the starting point for the most impactful social spending legislation introduced in the U.S. since the 1930s, when then-President Franklin D. Roosevelt pushed New Deal reforms to combat the Great Depression, empower workers, and provide sustained relief to the vulnerable. “We need to rebuild our roads and bridges, but more important is the need to address the crises facing working families all over this country.”—Sen. Bernie Sanders # ⚓ Unemployment_Record_Now_Far_Ahead_of_Recovery_from_Great Recession⠀⇛ The 0.5 percentage point drop in the household survey was also impressive. We didn’t get down to 5.4 percent unemployment following the Great Recession (GR) until March of 2015. The Black unemployment rate fell 1.0 percentage points to 8.2 percent, a level not reached following the GR until May of 2016. The unemployment rate for Hispanics dropped 0.8 percentage points to 6.6 percent. Not all the news in the household survey was positive. The unemployment rate for Black teens rose from its record low level of 9.3 percent to 13.3 percent, but this is still lower than any pre- pandemic level. # ⚓ Does_perishable_e-money_represent_the_future_of_fiscal stimulus?⠀⇛ This week the same city began another experiment: not merely leaving people free to pursue their own objectives, but giving them free money to pursue their own purchases. On August 1st Hong Kongers received the first instalment of the government’s consumption voucher, an effort to revive the city’s hard-hit retail industry. The amounts are generous (HK$5,000 or $640) and the distribution is slick. The money is added to a person’s Octopus card (widely used in shops and on public transport) or paid into e-payment apps, such as Alipay. Shops are now vying for their customers’ unearned dollars. The Mira hotel, where Edward Snowden revealed America’s secrets to the world, is offering 75% off a romantic “staycay”. Unlike ordinary cash handouts, these e-vouchers must be spent within a few months. Otherwise they will “expire”. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ More_Foe_Than_Friend⠀⇛ Many people who came of age between, say, 1940 and 1970 have become accustomed to seeing the Supreme Court as a force for good when it comes to race. They have developed a faith in the justices’ claim, voiced in 1940 in a decision overturning the convictions of Black defendants in a death-penalty case, that “under our constitutional system, courts stand against any winds that blow as havens of refuge for those who might otherwise suffer because they are helpless, weak, outnumbered, or because they are noncomforming victims of prejudice.” Nothing nourished this sense of the court as savior more than its invalidation of the retrograde laws that helped prop up Jim Crow segregation. Some progressives have even come to view the court as an inherently enlightened branch of government, or at least more enlightened than the executive and legislative branches.1 # ⚓ Buffalo_Democratic_Machine_Considers_Axing_Mayorship_to Evade_India_Walton⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lawmakers_Aren’t_“Progressive”_If_They_Ignore_Palestinian Rights⠀⇛ # ⚓ Trump’s_Shadow_Cabinet_is_Part_of_His_Ongoing_Attempted Coup⠀⇛ Now, in the Trump shadow-universe he’s created a shadow-government for his shadow-fans. It’s not as wacky an idea as it seems and suggests Trump’s solidifying his control over the GOP going toward 2022 and 2024. Last November, on election day, I suggested on my radio program that if the Biden ticket were to lose (something we did not expect, but after 2016 who knows what can happen) they should set up a “shadow government” to be a visible and ongoing opposition and alternative to Trump’s second term. # ⚓ Democrats_Pressure_US_Justice_Department_to_Stop_Seeking Death_Penalty⠀⇛ Just over a month after U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland suspended federal executions, four congressional Democrats on Monday urged the Biden administration to formally direct Department of Justice prosecutors to no longer seek the death penalty. “We must work to build a criminal-legal system that is deeply rooted in a love for humanity, which begins with ending the federal death penalty in our country.”—Rep. Cori Bush # ⚓ Opinion_|_Truth_Be_Told—Saving_Our_Endangered_Democracy⠀⇛ How can a democracy committed to freedom of speech protect itself against damaging lies? That’s a tough and urgent question with which our nation must now grapple. # ⚓ Kevin_McCarthy_is_Not_a_Moron⠀⇛ Recently, Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the House of Representatives, brought it to light. After House Minority leader Kevin McCarthy demeaned the House’s new face mask requirement, Pelosi commented, “He is such a moron.” Unsuspected to her, Pelosi started a discussion on the appropriate use of the word moron. Poor Kevin McCarthy. One cannot but feel sorry for him. What has he done to deserve the wrath of our Lady of Fire, Terror of Republicans? In an article on the Washington Post, “Fact check: Is Kevin McCarthy a ‘moron’?” opinion writer Dana Milbank tries to provide an answer to this question. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Corporate_Liberalism_Is_No_Match_for_Trumpism⠀⇛ Jane Mayer’s article in The New Yorker last week, “The Big Money Behind the Big Lie,” starkly illuminates how forces aligned with Donald Trump have been upping the ante all year with hyperactive strategies that could enable Republican leaders to choke off democracy, ensuring that Trump or another GOP candidate captures the presidency in 2024. The piece runs close to 10,000 words, but the main takeaway could be summed up in just a few: Wake up! Core elements of U.S. democracy really could disappear soon. # ⚓ Contractors_who_powered_US_war_in_Afghanistan_stuck_in Dubai⠀⇛ In the rushed evacuation, scores of these foreign workers trying to get home to the Philippines and other countries that restricted international travel because of the pandemic have become stuck in limbo at hotels across Dubai. As the U.S. brings home its remaining troops and abandons its bases, experts say the chaotic departure of the Pentagon’s logistics army lays bare an uncomfortable truth about a privatized system long susceptible to mismanagement — one largely funded by American taxpayers but outside the purview of American law. # ⚓ The_Propaganda_War_Intensifies_in_Afghanistan_as_the Taliban_Gain_Ground⠀⇛ With cities falling and the American military campaign mostly finished, the propaganda war in Afghanistan has taken on outsize importance. For the Taliban, it is an effort to communicate a drumbeat of victories, large or small, and to create an air of inevitability about their return to power. For the government, it is an all-out effort to stave off panic, boost morale and minimize losses. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Survival_of_the_Fibbest?_Study_Suggests_BS_Conspiracy Theories_Have_Roots_in_Human_Evolution⠀⇛ A new paper by two political scientist and an anthropologist aims to explain how humans have evolved to spread conspiracy theories, misinformation, and other falsehoods through communities as a way of gaining an advantage over opposing factions—maintaining the upper hand in a society by mobilizing large groups of people and securing their loyalty, as former President Donald Trump and other demagogues throughout history. “Belief in information and content that other people would say is blatantly false is becoming more widespread. It can have some pretty dire consequences, as we could see for example with the storming of the Capitol on January 6.”—Michael Bang Petersen # ⚓ The_Arizona_“audit”_finally_seems_to_be_wrapping_up. Prepare_for_a_blizzard_of_disinformation.⠀⇛ That’s because the “audit,” which began in April at the behest of the state’s GOP-controlled Senate and is being paid for by a variety of far-right, pro- Trump sources, was never intended to be a good- faith investigation of election practices. On the contrary, it’s always been about bolstering Donald Trump’s lies about the election with false and misleading claims, then using them as a pretext to impose new voting restrictions aimed at giving Republicans an edge in future elections, including a possible Trump 2024 presidential run. Inevitably, that means Cyber Ninjas will make claims just plausible enough to get credulous coverage from pro-Trump media, even if the claims can’t withstand scrutiny from impartial fact- checkers. Those claims can then be amplified by elected Republicans who won’t let facts get in the way of their narrative. Consider the dynamic at work in Tucker Carlson’s recent attempts to blame the FBI for the January 6 insurrection — a claim that was quickly debunked but was nonetheless touted by members of Congress like Reps. Marjorie Taylor Greene and Matt Gaetz. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Susan_Zakin_and_Steve_Erickson_–_The_Project_Censored Show⠀⇛ Notes: Susan Zakin, a journalist and author, is the founder of Journal of the Plague Years. Her previous works include Coyotes and Town Dogs: Earth First! And the Environmental Movement. Steve Erickson is a prolific novelist and writer, and teaches at the University of California, Riverside. His latest work, American Stutter is published at Journal of the Plague Years. # ⚓ Content_Moderation_At_Scale_Is_Impossible_To_Do_Well: Series_About_Antisemitism_Removed_By_Instagram_For_Being Antisemetic⠀⇛ I’ve written a lot about the impossibility of doing content moderation well at scale, and there are lots of reasons for that. But one of the most common is the difficulty both AI and human beings have in distinguishing hateful/trollish/harassing behavior from those reporting on that behavior. We’ve pointed this out over and over again in a variety of contexts. One classic example is social media websites pulling down human rights activists highlighting war crimes by saying it’s “terrorist content.” Another were the many examples of people on social media talking about racism and how they’re victims of racist attacks having their accounts and posts shut down over claims of racism. # ⚓ New_IT_Rules_‘draconian’,_will_have_chilling_effect_on_free speech:_Petitioners_tell_HC⠀⇛ New IT Rules ‘draconian’, will have chilling effect on free speech: Petitioners tell HCTwo petitions filed in the Bombay High Court challenging provisions of the Information Technology (IT) Rules, 2021, on Monday contended that the rules were “vague” and “draconian”. The petitioners, digital news portal The Leafland journalist Nikhil Wagle, told the HC that the IT Rules will have a “chilling effect” on the freedom of press and a citizen’s right to free speech guaranteed by the Constitution. Senior counsel Darius Khambata, who appeared for The Leaflet, urged a bench of Chief Justice Dipankar Datta and Justice G S Kulkarni to immediately stay the implementation of the new rules. # ⚓ Pakistan_a_democracy_only_in_name:_Hamid_Mir⠀⇛ The anchor and host of the now-off air primetime show Capital Talk on Geo, Hamid Mir, in a wide- ranging interview to the BBC World Service, criticised the shrinking space for press freedom and the growing “climate of fear” for journalists in Pakistan. Hamid Mir spoke from Islamabad with Stephen Sackur, the host of the BBC show HardTalk. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Jailed_journalist_Ivan_Safronov_is_facing_harsher conditions_since_Vedomosti_op-ed,_lawyer_says⠀⇛ Former journalist Ivan Safronov, who stands accused of treason, is facing harsher conditions in jail since publishing an op-ed in the newspaper Vedomosti last month, his lawyer says. # ⚓ Jalisco_cartel_issues_threats_against_journalist_over Michoacán_coverage⠀⇛ In reaction to the threats, the president’s spokesperson, Jesús Ramírez Cuevas, wrote on Twitter to guarantee protection for journalists. “In the face of threats to the media by the CJNG, the @GobiernoMX will take appropriate measures to protect threatened journalists and media outlets. Democratic freedoms are guaranteed along with the right to information for citizens,” the Tweet read. # ⚓ A_Year_Under_Attack_for_Belarusian_Media⠀⇛ For more than a year, the independent media in Belarus have been under assault, with a far- reaching campaign of arrests and legal pressure that has made it nearly impossible for journalists to operate. In addition to headline-grabbing actions like diverting a plane to arrest activist blogger Raman Pratasevich, which resulted in a series of European Union sanctions, authorities have detained nearly 500 journalists in the past year. Of those, 29 remain behind bars, data from the Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) shows. # ⚓ New_UK_sanctions_against_Belarus_also_target_Russian billionaire_Mikhail_Gutseriev⠀⇛ The UK, U.S., and Canada imposed new economic sanctions against Alexander Lukashenko’s regime on Monday, August 9, to mark the one year anniversary of the “fraudulent election in Belarus.” # ⚓ ‘You_can_choke_on_those_sanctions’_Lukashenko_holds_a_press conference_on_the_anniversary_of_Belarus’s_contested presidential_vote⠀⇛ On August 9, the anniversary of Belarus’s contested presidential election, Alexander Lukashenko held a press conference that lasted for more than eight hours. Responding to questions from journalists, the Belarusian dictator downplayed the scale of the opposition demonstrations that erupted last year, denied evidence that Belarusian police tortured protesters in custody, and said the UK could “choke” on its latest package of sanctions against Belarus. Lukashenko also claimed that he’s going to step down “very soon.” Meduza summarizes Lukashenko’s statements here. # ⚓ The_year_that_changed_Belarus_Meduza_looks_back_on_how Lukashenko’s_regime_crushed_the_opposition_movement⠀⇛ August 9th marks the one year anniversary of the presidential election that sparked a mass opposition movement in Belarus. Since last summer, Alexander Lukashenko’s regime has been carrying out a campaign of repression that has wiped out street protests, forced opposition leaders to flee the country, and all but destroyed the country’s independent media. In total, at least seven opposition demonstrators were killed over the past year and the authorities launched 4,691 criminal cases in connection with the protests. According to the human rights group Viasna, there are currently more than 600 political prisoners in Belarus. Nevertheless, there is no indication that the persecutions are coming to an end: some opposition leaders are only now going to trial and there’s an ongoing campaign to liquidate independent civil society organizations. Meduza looks back on the events of this pivotal year for Belarus.  # ⚓ Report_analyses_Lukashenko’s_year-old_crackdown_on Belarusian_journalists⠀⇛ A joint report published today by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) examines the Belarusian government’s year-old crackdown on journalists, especially those who covered the unprecedented and massive peaceful street demonstrations calling for fair and transparent elections in the wake of the disputed presidential election on 9 August 2020. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Anti-Asian_Roots_of_Today’s_Anti-Immigrant_Politics⠀⇛ On Sunday, December 16, 1877, most likely after darkness set in, a man named Hing Kee was murdered in his bed in the lumber mill town of Port Madison in the Washington Territory. His assailant slit his throat and slashed his face and fingers “with some sharp instrument,” the Seattle Post-Intelligencer surmised, “like an ax or a cleaver.” One blow was so forceful it hacked through his skull. # ⚓ Misogynistic_Hate_Will_Not_Stop_Korean_Feminism⠀⇛ On July 28, dozens of South Korean men posted hundreds of complaints on the Korean Archery Association’s online bulletin board. They were demanding that the organization revoke the two Olympic gold medals that the 20-year-old archer An San had thus far won at the Tokyo Games. Why? She allegedly looked like a feminist. As one man complained, “She has short hair and goes to a women’s only college—she reeks of feminism.” # ⚓ NY_Legislators_Offer_Up_Bill_That_Would_Allow_Cops_To_Sue People_For_Not_Doing_Enough_Bootlicking⠀⇛ I’m not sure what’s happening in the New York legislature, but a whole lot of NY politicians appear to believe law enforcement officers — some of the most powerful public servants in the nation — are some ultra-rare species of easily frightened lagomorphs, incapable of performing their jobs without being protected from the people they serve. # ⚓ NYPD_Sued_Over_Its_Illegal_Use_Of_Sealed_Arrest_Records⠀⇛ When police officers kill someone, the kneejerk reaction is to publicly disparage the dead, in hopes of making the deceased appear to have “deserved” to be killed, even if their actions during the incident didn’t appear to justify the killing. To do this, officers dig into their databases and dredge up every arrest, citation, and documented interaction with law enforcement to make it appear as though the officers have (permanently) removed a threat from the streets, rather than simply applied excessive force until the person was dead. # ⚓ ‘Our_Moment_to_Win_Citizenship’:_Budget_Package_Provides Hope_to_Millions_of_Undocumented_People⠀⇛ The $3.5 trillion budget resolution introduced Monday by Senate Democrats and Sen. Bernie Sanders includes billions of dollars for Congress to establish a pathway to citizenship for millions of undocumented immigrants, giving progressives a reason to cheer. “Democrats should keep their eyes on what America wants, not what Republicans want Americans to fear.”—Frank Sharry, America’s Voice # ⚓ Nigerian_student_shocked_to_see_friend’s_body_in_anatomy class⠀⇛ “Most of the cadavers we used in school had bullets in them. I felt so bad when I realised that some of the people may not be real criminals,” Ms Ana said. She added that early one morning she had seen a police van loaded with bloodied bodies at their medical school, which had a mortuary attached to it. Mr Egbe sent a message to Divine’s family who, it turned out, had been going to different police stations in search of their relative after he and three friends were arrested by security agents on their way back from a night out. The family eventually managed to reclaim his body. # ⚓ Apple_keeps_shutting_down_employee-run_surveys_on_pay equity_—_and_labor_lawyers_say_it’s_illegal⠀⇛ Apple insists it does not have a problem with pay inequality. Skeptical Apple employees have been trying to verify that claim by sending out informal surveys on how much people make, particularly as it relates to women and underrepresented minorities. But the company has shut down three of those surveys, citing stringent rules on how employees can collect data. Now, multiple labor lawyers tell The Verge the company may be violating worker protections: the surveys can be considered a form of labor organizing — under US law, employees have the right to discuss pay. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Dish,_Cornerstone_Of_The_Trump_DOJ’s_‘Fix’_For_The_T-Mobile Merger,_Continues_To_Bleed_Wireless,_TV_Subscribers⠀⇛ If you recall, economists repeatedly warned the $26 billion Sprint/T-Mobile merger would kill jobs, harm competition, and ultimately raise prices for consumers. To “fix” the problem, the Trump DOJ and FCC concocted an elaborate and cumbersome plan to create a replacement fourth wireless carrier out of Dish Network, despite the company’s lack of experience in the sector and history of empty promises. So far none of this is going particularly well, with 5,000 and counting lost jobs, Dish and T-Mobile clearly unable to get along, and Dish… the cornerstone of the entire plan… continuing to bleed both TV and wireless subscribers. # ⚓ The_Law_Bytes_Podcast,_Episode_97:_John_Lawford_on_Why_the CRTC_Should_Take_Action_on_Inadequate_Low-Cost_Wireless Plans⠀⇛ CBC News, CRTC Examines Wireless Costs, Options # ⚓ US_Press_Softsells_The_Real_Scope_Of_AT&T’s_Merger Incompetence,_Ensuring_It_Will_Happen_Again⠀⇛ Under former CEO Randall Stephenson, AT&T spent nearly $200 billion on mergers with DirecTV and Time Warner, hoping this would secure its ability to dominate the pay TV space through brute force. But the exact opposite happened. Saddled with so much debt from the deal, AT&T passed on annoying price hikes to its consumers. It also embraced a branding strategy so damn confusing — with so many different product names — it even confused its own employees. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ In-N-Out_Burger_Continues_Suing_Australian_Burger Slingers_Despite_Having_No_Presence_In_The_Country Other_Than_Popups⠀⇛ For this post, we’re going to need to provide some context when it comes to In-N-Out’s fraught relationship with the entire country of Australia. The famous burger chain based here in America has made a habit of suing Australian entities that sell burgers using the same or similar names over trademark rights. If you’re not familiar with the history here, that may not strike you as particularly noteworthy, especially given that some of the sued entities in question very much do use names and branding that serve as at least an homage to In-N-Out. The problem here is that In-N-Out has basically no presence in Australia. The company has no storefronts or brick and mortar businesses in Australia. As in… at all. Instead, the company has made a habit of doing pop-up restaurants in the country once every three years or so. Why? Well, because of a provision in Australian trademark law that allows this to satisfy the use-it-or-lose-it nature of trademark protection. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Sci-Hub_Pledges_Open_Source_&_AI_Alongside_Crypto Donation_Drive⠀⇛ Sci-Hub founder Alexandra Elbakyan has launched a donation drive to ensure the operations and development of the popular academic research platform. For safety reasons, donations can only be made in cryptocurrencies but the pledges include a drive to open source the project and the introduction of artificial intelligence to discover new hypotheses. # ⚓ The_Pirate_Bay_Switches_to_a_Brand_New_V3_Onion Domain⠀⇛ The Pirate Bay has moved to a new onion domain as the old one will cease to be supported by the official Tor client in a few weeks. The new v3 domain is more secure and the TPB-team encourages users to make the switch. Bookmarking the domain may be wise as well, as v3 onion domains have 56 characters. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5355 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 83 seconds to (re)generate ⟲