𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, August 23, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 24 Aug 02:39:56 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/23/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmRS9PeWnJkwSM9uFwhXg9oWnWvAdJYnqn5BvY4mFwyNtW Qmeww9N1YnQ2Znw5A9zRvL5cLmS649Q6VCiDCx91X2ZJqo QmZG8SsTJ2EBg5zMrWS4NdoMh7QZt2TnLqG82m3jgLsAZd QmUBS5HzGuXErkfDwpHxMKeu8if7jt5YH6ph1UrqNMz1B4 QmSWfDrRGYcLy39sAw1ufjzyZqmJSUhgxqCS1mGSB3cgvL QmNxGTwQ4Jqei88THW4dMGEZoRKbJsm6pBPtpAahou3GQi QmXBU6oKqgN1Lsd8vCX9iBHiUi66fm8iL3uXsJgyh4LH33 QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR QmSkz4YGj3vTuC8Q6t7fPmQkSbvtThba65AHUjyotSbHLW QmWZ187KL1KiuWZ2T69aUFqaDmvDMVo7e6ALsQCK58yNP1 QmY1VJmnrgnvD1UeZntn4kd7Q7Jkehp6eqZHBkGEiqnTdi QmaFyToU47jF5UkU2CTtva1HKGz8X6fJ9MiRnoN9EVF2PR QmfBw8KjEL4jUBLnCDfDMTME9vkCdKPKjn6wFninkuMEkV QmPdYmkA2hjyfyb9e14JCR2pZHcisLHLdZcWJARrrMyhgf Qmb89E6YUPLiH43tv6JNBD4QzFumg2nk2gABmYEbbPv2KP QmXVwu1HjvyJZ3HSFKoFGkBp26Y9G8sfvY6NBAe4KoK6Kp QmTLQpRMfp5Xuv2kMCWwSjxTme9kskdKXqZpqfxd5zsmov QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, August 22, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Joff Wild’s Latest Wild Lies | Techrights ⦿ Making Techrights Thinner and Faster | Techrights ⦿ For Resistance to Censorship (e.g. Evidence of Corruption and War Crimes) Get Off ’the Cloud’ | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/irc-log-220821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/joff-wild-latest-lies/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/petit-gemini-mirror/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/publishing-evidence-of-corruption/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/gitui-0-17/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/gnu-parallel-release/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/gtk-4-4/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 58 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/irc-log-220821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/23/irc-log-220821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_August_22,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:37 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmSxyX2KRny1E2Dqoo11WtVWLq4PPUip4FYpAk41KFUVNG #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmY8rRgwDRoEGZD41UJWM1BGsxnjoZFfduZBZTYb1b5h6j (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmbCHHLJAxwwfYdsk5is8GKAr9r6HNkL2rmo6Pvj2DLbmE social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmP7ZgM7LKEPBiYJCyif9bcw8u8vActkKLv2qaXrZaXMpB social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  Qmd7WqpaW1fzuhcSQsZtvRGHxbPsNMb9sVBKXdzjsEsPGz #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmP8mbGKHKxWS5Mxpq4gMLAoqmo5Qj7Vf6K4UMsPbtLGnV (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmTXtiteCGDpCyKZur8HYp2Fwe9XHqUAHXYd58c4ySoJ3m #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  Qman9B47yE9a9epYmB3JvufW7rahP3JvFgQX9XxL8K6F3n (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 175 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/joff-wild-latest-lies/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/23/joff-wild-latest-lies/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Joff_Wild’s_Latest_Wild_Lies⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 8:14 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 2020 (this writer left a week or 2 weeks ago): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇UPC and context⦈ Last week and this week (2021): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Patented_propaganda_methods⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇I_am_liar,_No,_liar⦈_ How it works: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇On science and context⦈ Summary: Pictures can express better what Team UPC is doing (paid by the EPO through proxies like FTI Consulting for UPC promotion/lobbying) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣏⣧⣤⣷⣼⣤⣼⣤⣄⣴⣤⣴⣾⣴⣬⣤⣯⣤⣧⣾⣴⣼⣤⣦⣧⣼⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⣿⣛⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡗⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡏⣻⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⢙⠛⠋⠙⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠿⢻⢛⠛⢹⡛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢄⣨⢤⣤⠤⠤⡀⠸⠟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢺⠫⠏⠿⠾⡟⠇⣮⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣄⣠⣀⣒⡾⠞⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣭⣭⣵⡞⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣉⣉⣹⣩⣈⣏⣉⣈⣈⣿⣏⣩⣁⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣌⣹⣹⣉⣉⣽⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠝⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣈⣩⣊⣉⣁⣉⣉⣅⣊⣉⣉⣁⣁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣥⢠⡌⢙⢻⠸⢛⣻⡟⡟⠿⠛⡛⠟⡛⠏⠟⣿⡇⠛⡛⣿⡇⡇⠤⢙⣻⡇⣿⡇⡇⠤⠉⣡⣼⡟⠙⣛⣿⣋⠟⡃⡟⡛⠟⣛⠻⢛⢻⡿⣛⠸⢛⢻⣛⢻⢈⣼⣿⡏⡟⠙⡏⡅⡇⠤⢹⢡⡌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣸⣇⣼⣸⣘⣂⣼⣧⣰⣀⣧⣐⣦⣐⣆⣦⣻⣇⣠⣇⣿⣇⣇⣶⣯⣿⣧⣉⣡⣇⣶⣧⣈⣹⣧⣘⣂⣿⣿⣄⣃⣇⣃⣄⣿⣠⣐⣺⣧⣙⣰⣐⣪⣐⣸⣸⡏⣽⣧⣀⣧⣡⣇⣇⣶⣿⣌⣁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠙⠿⠿⡿⠿⢹⢿⠿⢿⡏⣉⣹⢋⡙⣿⠏⣉⠻⢋⡙⠟⣉⢻⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠻⠛⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡏⢻⠋⡙⡟⣹⡟⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⣿⢿⠿⠹⠿⠿⠙⠿⠟⢿⡟⢿⠿⠿⠿⠋⢹⢩⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⠛⣀⡘⢃⣀⢛⢠⣹⠈⣹⡗⠒⣸⡘⢃⠟⣄⢛⣠⡘⣃⣄⢛⣸⣗⢈⣃⠃⢀⠛⣈⠉⣸⡘⡀⣇⠁⣇⣗⠈⡙⣿⣇⣧⣀⣷⢰⣿⣿⣇⠛⣄⢃⡇⢃⣀⠛⢀⣸⣀⡘⠃⣀⡇⣇⢻⣇⢻⣸⡘⢃⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣾⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡧⠒⠐⠇⡧⠒⠀⠆⡇⠂⡇⡆⠁⠶⠈⠐⢈⠰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⠟⡿⠿⡿⠿⠻⠿⣿⠛⠛⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡟⡿⠿⠿⡟⡟⢿⣿⡟⠿⡿⢿⠿⠻⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠟⣿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⡿⢻⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠛⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡾⢶⢶⢶⢶⢤⣶⡶⣼⣶⢿⡿⡶⠶⢾⡶⡷⣷⡶⣾⠿⣷⢾⢷⢶⢶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣴⣤⣾⣧⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣴⣽⣧⣴⣼⣏⣬⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣾⣿⣦⣮⣧⣾⣿⣴⣼⣴⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⠰⢠⣄⢰⢀⢠⢠⢤⢰⢀⣤⢀⢴⠀⢠⢤⢠⠤⡄⡄⡤⡄⣠⢀⢤⠄⣠⢠⢤⢠⢴⠠⢀⠀⢠⢄⢄⢠⣄⡤⢰⢤⢀⢠⢠⢴⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠈⠈⠈⠀⠈⠈⠈⠀⠁⠈⠈⠀⠘⠈⠈⠀⠁⠁⠃⠁⠁⠉⠘⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠀⠈⠈⠈⠈⠀⠀⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠾⠟⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠂⣿⣿⡇⠀⣆⣄⠀⢠⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⢐⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⢴⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢻⣿⡇⠀⠈⠋⠁⠘⠀⠲⠅⠀⣾⣿⡇⠐⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠌⠁⣠⣤⡀⠀⠉⠀⢈⣤⡀⠀⢉⣤⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠈⢿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⠟⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⢀⠟⠋⢉⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠃⠀⣾⣿⠃⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠙⠦⣄⡀⠈⠀⢀⣠⣾⠟⢋⠄⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡿⠀⢠⣿⡿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠐⢈⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣤⣤⣷⣤⣤⣴⣧⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠘⠚⠈⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠁⠃⠂⠀⠘⠓⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠚⠀⠁⠋⠂⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠁⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠙⠚⠀⠁⠚⠀⠃⠘⠀⠘ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⢸⣿⣿⡿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⠏⠆⠄⠤⣤⢨⢻⣿⡇⣿⢸⣛⣾⣾⣾⣿⣯⣯⣟⣽⣿⢸⣽⢹⡇⣯⣯⣟⣿⣽⢻⣭⡛⣏⣯⣯⣽⣽⢹⣽⢻⣽⡿⡏⣿⣿⣽⢫⢟⣿⢹⢹⣽⢹⣭⣟⣷⣧⣿⣏⡾⣼⣞⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡏⣯⣿⢻⣽⣽⢻⣽⣽⠈⣯⡟⢻⣽⣿⣟⣭⢻⣿⢿⣹⢸⣹⣻⣯⡇⣿⢻⣽⣽⢸⢹⣽⡏⣿⣽⢸⣿⣟⣭⠋⡟⣯⣯⣿⢿⣹⣹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠾⠷⠿⠶⠿⠿⠶⠿⠿⠷⠷⠽⠿⠾⠶⠿⠿⠷⠿⠿⠷⠿⠶⠷⠿⠷⠾⠿⠿⠾⠶⠷⠷⠿⠾⠿⠿⠶⠿⠿⠶⠿⠾⠷⠿⠶⠿⠾⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⢻⡟⣿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⡿⠛⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡟⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡎⠿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢿⡿⢻⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣴⣶⣿⣤⣿⣺⣿⣾⣷⣴⣿⣧⣼⣯⣿⣿⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣽⣿⣯⡌⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣯⣼⣯⣽⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣽⣾⣴⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣷⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠜⠁⢀⣤⡀⠀⠉⠀⢘⣁⡀⠀⠉⣁⡀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⠀⢀⠿⠛⠋⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠃⠀⣼⣿⠃⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡎⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠰⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⡿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡘⣿⣿⠫⠆⠸⣿⣿⠋⢰⠀⣿⢔⡂⢱⡄⠿⣴⡑⠒⢿⣿⣿⢸⡧⢒⠈⣷⢰⣾⠁⣆⣹⡆⢱⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠹⣿⣿⣥⣬⣿⣿⣷⣬⣤⣽⣬⣧⣼⠷⣰⣿⣬⣥⣾⣿⣯⣬⣧⣼⣤⣽⣤⣽⣦⣭⣾⣥⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠞⠇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠘⠘⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠇⠁⠀⠐⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠐⠀⠀⠊⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠓⠀⠁⠁⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠂⠀⠂⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠚⠘⠀⠉⠘⠃⠓⠘⠀⠀⠂ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣷⡎⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣦⣈⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠼⠿⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠧⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣷ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣤⣤⡿⢛⠻⡟⠛⢻⠃⣛⡟⡛⡿⢛⠻⡇⣿⠀⣶⠒⣲⢰⠀⡠⠤⢰⡆⡠⢀⠤⠄⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣛⣛⣇⡛⣠⣇⣿⣸⣇⣛⣇⣿⣇⡛⣀⣇⣿⠀⠿⠉⠧⠸⠀⠭⠵⠸⠟⠦⠨⠭⠗⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣛⣛⠛⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠉⠉⠉⠉⠿⣿⠀⣀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡇⠀⡎⠿⠀⣀⣿⢒⣻⡛⡟⠟⣟⢿⡟⡞⣟⢻⢻⠻⢻⡓⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣭⣍⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡐⣌⠻⣿⢏⣾⢍⡛⠿⣿⣷⣮⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⢷⣌⠊⢿⣿⣾⣝⡢⣏⣻⡟⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣟⡟⡇⢟⣿⣻⡻⣟⣟⣿⣿⢻⡛⡟⣿⢻⢸⣿⣟⣟⢟⢰⣿⣟⣟⡟⣟⢻⢛⡻⡇⡿⣻⢻⡻⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣘⣔⣣⣇⣧⣻⣝⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣣⣧⣻⣸⣘⣿⣯⣛⣼⣼⣿⣮⣫⣧⣛⣼⣸⣇⣇⣣⣛⣽⣳⣜⣇⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠙⠛⠻⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠙⣛⣛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣟⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⣙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⢀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢉⠉⢉⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⠿⢿⡇⠀⢴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢷⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣟⣿⠿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠘⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢓⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⡇⣠⣤⣠⣄⣁⣠⣾⠀⠀⡇⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠘⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠄⠀⣀⣤⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⣀⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⡆⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⠀⠰⠀⠀⢘⣛⣿⠁⠀⠀⠸⠉⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠳⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢰⡤⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣿⣿⡟⠙⢿⡼⠟⢿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⠶⠤⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣼⠛⣿⣿⣿⡷⣷⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⣰⣿⡿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣤⡏⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⣠⣿⣿⠿⣻⡾⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠄⢿⣿⠀⢸⣿⡀⣀⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⢠⣿⣋⣹⣿⣭⣄⣀⡈⡙⠋⠉⠁⠉⠉⠀⣸⣿⠛⣿⠋⠉⢷⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢃⠜⢁⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣟⣹⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⠰⠟⠿⣿⣿⡟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⢾⣿⠿⢿⣃⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⣈⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⡟⠉⢀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠋⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⡿⢿⡿⠟⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⢻⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⣷⣤⣠⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⠐⠄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⢘⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⣸⣧⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣧⣤⣤⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡈⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠁⣀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣯⡉⣁⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡐⣤⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡶⠒⠒⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣛⣋⣩⣍⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣥ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⠋⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆ ⣿⠛⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢰⠹⡄⣏⢾⡮⣱⡷⣿⢸⣺⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⠖⠒⣦⠀⢀⡀⠀⡂⠀⣀⡀⠀⡀⣀⠀⢀⣆⢐⠀⢀⡀⠀⣴⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⡆⠀⣀⡀⠀⡂⢀⢀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⢀⣆⢰⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⡂⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢈⠛⠒⢦⢰⠋⠉⠃⡇⣼⠭⠽⠆⡏⠉⣷⠈⡏⢸⠐⠯⣭⡁⣿⠁⠀⢰⡋⠉⠃⡇⢘⡭⢽⠀⡇⢸⠉⢹⠉⢹⠀⠀⠈⡏⢸⠋⢹⡆⡮⠭⠽⠀⡇⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⠒⠒⠋⠈⠓⠒⠁⠃⠘⠒⠚⠁⠃⠀⠛⠀⠓⠘⠈⠓⠒⠃⠙⠂⠀⠈⠓⠒⠁⠃⠘⠒⠚⠃⠃⠘⠀⠘⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠓⠘⠀⠘⠃⠙⠒⠚⠀⠃⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣀⣰⠀⡂⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⠀⢀⡀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣐⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢰⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣾⠁⢹⠀⡇⠸⠤⣍⢸⠁⠈⠣⡏⠈⢳⠘⡆⡼⢰⡯⠬⠧⢸⠁⢸⠀⡯⠤⠽⠘⠧⣭⠀⠀⢈⡥⠬⡇⢸⠁⢸⠥⠼⠆⠀⠀⡇⠀⡇⠸⠤⣭⢰⡯⠬⠧⢸⢰⡯⠬⠷⠸⠤⣍⠘⠧⣭⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠘⠒⠚⠀⠃⠘⠒⠊⠈⠓⠚⠁⠑⠒⠋⠀⠙⠁⠀⠓⠒⠃⠘⠀⠘⠀⠙⠒⠋⠈⠒⠚⠀⠀⠘⠒⠚⠃⠘⠀⠈⠓⠚⠁⠀⠀⠓⠒⠃⠘⠒⠚⠀⠓⠒⠃⠘⠀⠓⠒⠃⠘⠒⠚⠈⠒⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣀⣄⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⢠⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⡀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⡠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠠⠃⠀⠬⠇⠜⠔⠠⠘⠣⠂⠀⠀⠘⠜⠫⠍⠇⢣⡀⠣⠇⡛⠀⠀⠠⠀⠡⠃⠀⠀⠈⠀⠇⠇⠤⠸⠘⠺⠐⠆⠰⠂⡧⡓⠬⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 423 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/petit-gemini-mirror/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/23/petit-gemini-mirror/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Making_Techrights_Thinner_and_Faster⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 1:47 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Turn up the volume: 31.5k blog posts and ~1000 wiki pages... Compacted into a gigabyte⦈ Compressed equivalent would be a lot smaller Summary: Further work is underway to make this site complete with a mirror in Gemini and IPFS; we’re not leaving the Web, but it’s no longer the sole priority Today we’ve spent much time writing code, not articles, or developing and researching things (such as Gitea). In the process we also tidied up some things like Gemini and IPFS, extending the focus or emphasis on alternative protocols. Maintenance is just as important as writing. “At the moment, for Techrights over IPFS, we have 2644 files weighing 356MB in total. Those are files from October 2020 to present.”Over the coming couple of months Techrights will be publishing lots of evidence — with ‘smoking guns’ included — about EPO corruption, so we wish to be robust and resistant to censorship, including SLAPP and other threats. Infrastructural choices can make a big difference because the censors (or the exposed) tend to target underlying platforms or middleman to censor or take down ‘unwanted’ material. At the moment, for Techrights over IPFS, we have 2644 files weighing 356MB in total. Those are files from October 2020 to present. Pleasing consider pinning them. With Gemini we went 15 years back and converted loads of pages, so there is a total of 77158 files and directories, on top of some static files outside this range. Because of the very compact form of Gemini (almost the same as plain text), the total size is 1.2GB (wiki and blog, plus miscellaneous pages). That’s an average of 16KB per object, directories included. If compressed, it would be a lot less. We will continue to make gradual improvements. To those who do not yet have an IPFS or Gemini_client, here’s a World Wide Web gateway (below, framed). Here’s a_primer_on_how_to_use_Gemini. █ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣇⠹⠿⢿⣿⣿⠋⢻⣿⣿⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⣼⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡄⠀⠘⣿⣿⠁⠹⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠈⠻⠀⠀⠉⠀⠘⠿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠀⠘⠋⠀⠙⠃⠘⠟⠁⠻⠃⠘⠿⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⢿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣽⡻⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣯⣥⣠⣤⠀⢠⣤⣤⣄⠀⣤⡄⠀⣀⣤⣤⡀⢀⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣄⡀⣀⣤⣤⡀⢀⣤⣤⡀⣤⣤⣤⡄⣠⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣿⡿⣛⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣯⣭⡄⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢸⣿⣏⣿⠇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡏⣿⣷⣾⣿⠹⠿⠀⠀⣿⣏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⢿⣯⣛⠓⠉⣿⡏⠁⣿⣏⡛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⡭⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠻⠇⣭⡅⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⡟⣿⡆⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⣿⣟⠛⠁⣿⡇⣿⡇⣬⣝⢿⣷⠀⣿⡇⠀⣬⡟⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⠿⠿⣯⣿⡿⠿⠿⠇⠻⠷⠿⠃⠿⠿⠻⠿⢸⡸⠿⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠇⠻⠷⠿⠃⠘⠿⠞⠿⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀⠻⠷⠿⠃⠙⠿⠿⠟⠀⠿⠇⠀⠻⠷⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⣛⡻⢟⣛⢟⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣤⣀⠀⣀⣭⣙⠻⢂⣠⣄⡀⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣠⣄⡀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⡏⣿⡇⠿⠋⣁⠀⢀⠘⢿⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⣦⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣾⡟⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣹⡇⣸⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣉⢸⣿⣽⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠘⠉⠛⠛⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣦⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⠛⠃⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⠛⢀⣙⢻⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣟⠾⠿⠹⠿⠸⠿⠸⠿⠸⠿⠷⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠘⠿⡾⠿⠁⠿⢷⠿⠃⠻⢷⡿⢇⣿⡇⠿⠿⠉⠿⠿⠀⠿⠇⠸⠿⠹⠿⠸⠿⠀⠀⠿⠿⣠⡀⠿⠏⠿⠷⠻⢿⠿⠿⠸⠿⠶⠞⠿⣾⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/23/publishing-evidence-of-corruption/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/23/publishing-evidence-of-corruption/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ For_Resistance_to_Censorship_(e.g._Evidence_of_Corruption_and_War_Crimes)_Get Off_‘the_Cloud’⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 7:40 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Always keep track of the_"master" of the platform; all the rest may turn out to be largely irrelevant technical details 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇I_got_H.A._cluster_with_caching,_a_C.D.N._and_master/slave database_for_replication;_But_he_put_everything_on_A.W.S._so_Amazon_can_take_it down⦈_ When one single master (a for-profit corporation controlled by the world’s richest person) controls all of your platform Summary: Ahead of our 15th anniversary we’ll have published several more important series; we’re preparing for the next suppression/censorship attempts THE longtime readers would likely know this already, but it is no secret that Microsoft/Bill Gates and the EPO have long attempted to gag us. DDOS attacks aside, even as far back as 2007 or 2008 we were already receiving threats. Legal threats, death threats, even threats directed at hosts or my boss (at work, totally unrelated to this site!) because people in positions of power cannot help themselves. They always try to shut up critics and exposers. That’s just what they do! “They always try to shut up critics and exposers. That’s just what they do!”The solution to this can be partly technical; the other aspects boil down to social engineering (like bribery attempts). We want to carry on publishing exclusive stories which would give some publishers (or platforms) ‘cold feet’. To give one example, Medium is censoring articles about Microsoft, from an insider from Microsoft who provided proof of the claims made (internal communications). How is one supposed to expose corruption if the platform forbids the inclusion of hard proof (or ‘smoking gun’)? To give another example, a journalist whom I spoke to for an article lost his job shortly afterwards; the article was an exposé about Bill Gates and he lost his job when Gates suddenly became the editor of the publisher. No kidding. We wrote about this before. Two years before the media reported about Gates cheating on his wife with girls whom he compelled to sign NDAs, Gates also paid my boss (with an NDA signed; he only told me about it later). That happened as soon as I started this_series so any claims that this was a coincidence are very weak/improbable. According to media reports, this was also when Bill’s wife, Melinda, approached her lawyers for a divorce and Bill literally fainted (according to sources familiar with those matters). He was mortified about people discovering what he had done. There are limits to how much of the media and social_control_media he can buy/bribe and nowadays he_finds_it_harder_to_silence_people. Earlier this year, as soon as we were ready to commence this_series_about Microsoft_and_the_EPO_breaking_the_law_together Microsoft suddenly sent a job offer to our host (which thankfully she opened up to us about… and then declined the offer). I’ve been doing this for longer than the site (my personal blog goes back to 2004 and my site goes further back than the blog), so I became familiar with some of those tricks. We also include many articles about censorship in Daily Links and I spoke to Julian Assange about how Wikileaks was being suppressed/silenced. “This problem is not limited to Amazon as ClownFlare can do the same.”We’re currently very busy making the site/platform a lot more robust. There’s also an in-depth investigation into corruption, which is going to yield a number of long series (assured to have big impact). We won’t mention any pertinent details as any clues (as to the nature of the series), as this would enable face-saving preparations, secrecy, revisionism and so on. Many people probably don’t know or recall this, but Amazon ended up de- platforming Wikileaks more than a decade back for merely showing evidence of war crimes in places like Afghanistan (and how the US Government lied about it). This only happened after intense political pressure (King, Joe_Lieberman and maybe others). “Long story short, the ideal situation involves putting the eggs in many baskets, including many locations and protocols.”It is worth remembering that Amazon_won't_even_say_where_the_datacentres_are (employees need to leak this information to Wikileaks), so they’re obviously hostile to leakers. Amazon doesn’t tolerate truths or facts; imagine that Amazon’s founder, Jeff Bezos, bought some of the most powerful media… This problem is not limited to Amazon as ClownFlare can do the same. There’s already ample precedence (several precedents). DNS and network/ISPs are a lot less likely to resort to this, except in unusual circumstances following court orders (after due process). Same for Let’s Encrypt, which can in theory revoke certificates (it_happened_before). Outsourcing “trust” (for site access) is risky when the CAs claim to be “free”, but secret rules or exceptions apply. Long story short, the ideal situation involves putting the eggs in many baskets, including many locations and protocols. At one point we did ask Wikileaks if it wanted to host copies/mirrors of the EPO leaks. The strategy is more intricate than it may seem on the surface as at the very least it discourages takedown attempts, being a form of deterrence (in IPFS takedowns are not even possible because copies are everywhere and the hash gets them irrespective of one or more copies being removed). “It’s probably important to speak about our experiences because hopefully they can help others.”Over the years we’ve faced many takedown attempts. Various kinds of threats, or various different types, were made against us. When copyright law was leveraged by heavyweights like ISO or Germany it actually did work (too expensive to fight with them, even though a defence can be based on the public’s right/need to know about corruption). It’s probably important to speak about our experiences because hopefully they can help others. There’s a reason for media cowardice and the occasional cover- up. They’re technically and legally unprepared. Our Gemini mirror is meanwhile getting_noticed. This is just hours ago… █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇TechRights_is_on_Gemini⦈_ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠾⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⣤⣤⠴⠶⠶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⣤⣽⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⣁⣀⣀⣀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀ ⢠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⠃⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣭⣽⣿⡏⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢀⣀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣶⣶⣶⣦⣄⣠⣶⣿ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣄⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣻⣧⣼⡏⣠⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⡟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢠⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣀⣄⣿⡿⠃⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⣶⡄⠀⢀⣾⡾⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢁⣀⣤ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠿⠾⢟⠰⠾⠿⠾⠟⠶⠸⠇⠿⠇⠶⣉⠿⠏⠿⠿⠿⡹⠇⠿⠷⠿⢃⡇⠿⠿⠏⠿⠼⠿⠹⠷⠻⠷⠿⠀⠿⠇⠸⠿⠶⠸⠇⠿⠧⠟⠀⡸⠷⠿⡣⠿⠶⠿⠏⠿⠆⠿⠿⢃⠿⠷⢎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⣯⣭⣛⠛⣯⣽⠛⣯⣭⣝⢫⣭⡟⢻⣽⣟⡛⢻⣿⡟⢛⣯⣟⢃⣭⣭⠙⢫⣭⣭⢛⣭⣅⠀⣤⣄⡀⠀⢠⣤⣄⡀⣤⣤⣄⣤⣄⡀⣤⡄⢠⣤⢀⣭⣽⡛⢻⣿⡟⣭⣥⣤⢠⣽⢛⣯⣝⠛⣿⡛⣿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⣿⡏⣿⢀⣿⣿⡆⢹⣿⠁⣾⣿⣇⢸⣯⣿⠇⣿⣿⡇⢻⣧⣛⢸⣿⣭⠀⢸⣿⣍⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣼⡿⠀⢸⣿⣽⠇⣿⣯⣹⣿⣸⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⠸⠇⣼⣿⣧⠉⣿⡏⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣇⣿⢸⣿⢾⡇⢸⣿⠀⣿⢾⣿⢸⣏⣿⡇⣿⢾⣿⢲⣎⣿⣾⣿⣉⠀⢸⣿⠀⢿⣇⣿⠇⣿⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢹⡇⣿⣏⣸⣿⠉⠀⣿⣇⣸⣿⢸⣿⣰⡆⣿⠿⣿⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣇⣿⡇⣿⢹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠀⠈⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠈⠉⠀⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠉⠀⠉⠁⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠀⠉⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢡ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⢠⡄⣶⢲⣴⡆⣶⢳⠄⢰⡟⣷⢸⣧⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣠⣤⡄⠀⣤⣤⣠⡶⠆⢰⡶⣦⣶⢰⡞⢻⡟⠀⣿⣉⣿⣸⡿⣯⡍⣿⣿⠘⣿⠁⢹⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⣻⡇⠘⣷⣿⢸⡟⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡇⣿⢹⡇⣿⠀⠀⣿⢿⡟⣿⠃⢸⣿⠋⢿⣸⡇⢸⡇⠀⣿⣤⢸⡿⠃⠿⠆⠿⠻⠀⠛⠀⠘⠃⠘⠛⠃⠉⠈⠁⠉⠈⠁⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⢀⣤⣄⣤⢠⣄⣴⢰⡔⡆⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠗⠻⠾⠃⠙⠃⠀⠛⠘⠃⠋⠁⠀⠉⠀⠈⢉⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡄⠀⣤⣤⡀⣤⡄⣴⣰⡆⠰⣶⡖⣶⣿⢸⣧⡟⢹⣏⠀⢻⡎⣿⡁⠀⣿⢻⣾⡇⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣷⢱ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⢀⡴⣦⢰⣶⣆⠀⣶⣶⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⢿⠈⣿⢻⡇⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⢘⣡⣏⣷⢹⢿⡇⠀⢹⡇⣿⢼⡞⣿⣷⣸⣧⠀⠸⠇⠹⠇⠀⠿⠾⠋⠛⠛⠘⠛⠘⠛⠈⠁⠉⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⢘⣿⣅⠀⠀⣛⣶⢸⡏⣿⠀⣿⢿⣼⡟⡟⣿⣿⢺⡷⠿⠜⠷⠿⠸⠟⠟⠀⠛⠚⠙⠋⠛⠘⠉⠁⠀⠈⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠻⠷⠌⠿⠹⠿⠐⠚⠓⠋⠛⠀⠙⠋⠈⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⡏⣹⡿⠿⡏⢻⠛⢿⡿⢿⣏⢹⣿⡟⡛⢛⡛⠿⣿⡿⠿⡏⠹⢿⣟⢛⡛⢻⠛⣿⠿⠿⡏⠹⢿⠟⠻⡿⠿⣿⣿⠋⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡟⢛⣛⢻⡿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠙⡿⠿⢿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⠀⠁⡇⢸⠀⢟⠠⠄⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠸⡇⠠⢸⠀⠷⡇⠰⠀⠿⠠⡀⠺⠀⡇⠰⠀⠇⠰⠀⡇⠸⠀⠁⣿⣿⠀⠇⠈⢸⣿⡁⠖⢨⠀⠆⠸⣿⣇⠸⠏⢹⠀⠄⡷⠰⠀⠆⠸⠀⠇⠰⠀⠇⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣡⣉⣉⣁⣈⣉⣉⣉⣹⣇⣘⣈⣉⠉⢁⣉⣡⣈⣉⣉⣹⠉⠛⠉⠙⡁⠉⠗⠙⠏⠙⠙⠐⠇⠐⠸⠏⠹⠻⠙⠉⠛⠋⠹⠃⠋⠻⠋⠛⠋⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⠋⠫⡏⢹⢏⢹⠉⠫⣹⠝⠭⢹⡯⣿⢩⠛⢍⠉⣟⠹⠏⢹⠏⠹⠉⡍⣽⠟⡍⠹⠉⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡟⢟⢛⠛⠛⣻⠛⣛⠟⢻⣛⠻⠟⠟⡟⡟⠿⣛⠛⣿⡋⡻⠛⣟⡋⢻⠛⠛⠛⢟⢹⡿⣿⡝⢻⢛⡛⢟⠏⠟⡏⣿⠛⣻⡟⡛⠋⡻⠹⡻⡛⢙⠟⢹⡟⢙⡟⢹⡟⢿⡻⠟⢛⢛⡛⠛⡿⢛⣿⠛⣋⡟ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⡗⠾⢺⠶⠷⠶⡶⢷⠶⠾⡶⢶⡶⠶⠶⠶⢦⠼⡶⢻⡔⠶⠼⢿⡖⣶⠞⡶⡶⡶⣮⣳⡟⣥⢤⢬⠤⡤⡤⡤⢣⣍⣬⢡⡤⠥⢤⠤⢠⢬⠤⠤⣄⣬⢡⡤⠤⡬⢥⠨⡥⡬⢬⣠⣤⣤⣤⣴⣭⣤⣤⣥ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣧⣦⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣁⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣼⣬⣤⣬⣼⣧⣴⣰⣼⣧⣟⣁⣀⣁⣀⣚⣿⣧⣟⣈⣁⣙⣀⣂⣀⣉⣿⣿⣼⣃⣁⣉⣡⣐⣐⣉⣈⣻⣿⣼⣃⣘⣁⣈⣀⣊⣀⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⣅⣁⣐⣋⣾⣘⣿⣳⣯⡗⣀⣀⣈⣚⣀⣃⣟⣧⣊⣸⣺⣀⣷⣇⡓⣀⣸⣸⣘⣿⣕⣇⡆⢘⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢠⠇⡯⡏⢹⣭⠉⣿⣥⡯⣇⠇⣹⣿⡍⠉⣯⡍⢹⡏⢋⢍⠉⡞⡫⣸⡇⢉⢹⣿⠅⢩⡇⠍⢹⣭⢉⠉⡍⡉⡋⢸⡿⢸⡍⣿⡍⡇⢇⢍⢹⢹⣿⡭⣯⡋⢩⢽⣿⠉⢩⡉⣿⣏⠉⢹⡩⠽⢩⡩⣿⡏⢹⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠉⡅⡏⡍⢹⣭⠩⣿⡭⡯⣿⡇⡝⢹⢋⠉⣿⡏⢹⡏⢙⠙⠉⠍⣯⠫⢿⡏⠙⠹⢩⣯⡭⠋⣽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 749 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/8/2021:_GitUI_0.17_and_Many_GSoC_Reports⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 9:33 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux_for_Starters:_Your_Guide_to_Linux_–_Maintain_your_System_– Part_14⠀⇛ This is a series that offers a gentle introduction to Linux for newcomers. Like any operating system, Ubuntu can misbehave and the unexpected happens. Fortunately, most system issues experienced are easily rectified with a dose of knowledge, experience and common sense. Sometimes issues are caused as a result of neglecting system maintenance. For example, you may run out of hard drive space, or your system becomes clogged up with unnecessary processes. Let’s look at the main ways you can keep your system running in tip-top condition. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Action_News_203⠀⇛ What’s coming next for the Linux desktop, and some exclusive news from System76. Plus, we try out Element’s new voice messages and share our thoughts. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_had_most_commits_in_years,_but_work_has_gone smoothly_and_it_should_debut_next_week⠀⇛ Version 5.14 of the Linux kernel seems set to debut next week, after a very calm development process. Linus Torvalds kicked things off for version 5.14 on July 11th when he announced rc1 and wrote “I don’t think there are any huge surprises in here, and size-wise this seems to be a pretty regular release too.” By the time rc2 was released a week later, he worried that it was not “fairly small and calm” as is often the case for the second release of a new kernel cut, because the release was very large. “At least in pure number of commits, this is the biggest rc2 we’ve had during the 5.x cycle. Whether that is meaningful or not, who knows,” he added. # ⚓ Intel_Revs_Linux_Patches_Yet_Again_For_Per-Client_GPU Statistics_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Going on three years now there have been proposed patches for allowing per-client GPU engine statistics for being able to show on a per-game/ application level how many resources across 3D/ blitting/video engines are being consumed. The patches continue to be revised but sadly will be missing out on the imminent Linux 5.15 kernel merge window. That per-client GPU statistics reporting has been revised on and off again over the past three years for exposing this useful information to user-space so tools can be adapted for nicely reporting it to Linux users. # ⚓ mkinitcpio_v31_and_UEFI_stubs⠀⇛ For the past decade most computers have two ways to boot. The legacy BIOS mode and UEFI which is suppose to replace it. It frankly does a lot of things, but one of the more interesting aspects is that the Linux kernel is a valid MS DOS binary. If you read out the two first bytes you will see MZ. The reason for this is that when we launch Linux from UEFI we are actually running the Linux binary with a bunch of commands which makes out our entry point. Because UEFI is itself a boot loader you can use this fact to boot Linux directly from UEFI as an UEFI boot entry. However, most of us don’t want to mess with UEFI directly so we use a bootloader like grub or systemd-boot because it’s easier to deal with. # ⚓ Habana_Labs’_Linux_AI_Driver_Causes_More_Concerns_–_Changes Dropped_Ahead_Of_Linux_5.15_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ While Habana Labs has been known for their open- source and upstream Linux kernel driver for their AI training/inference accelerators with that code they had been working on as a start-up even before being acquired by Intel, it’s continued to cause friction that they rely in user-space on closed- source components like their compiler. That in turn is again causing problems for changes that the Habana Labs kernel driver planned to land with the upcoming Linux 5.15 cycle. This past Thursday the Habana Labs pull request of driver updates was submitted to “char/misc” for queuing ahead of the Linux 5.15 merge window opening in a week or so. For the lack of an AI/ accelerator subsystem yet, the Habana Labs kernel driver continues to live within the “catch all” char/misc area of the kernel. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Zink_Mesa_21.3-dev_Benchmarks_–_Increasingly_Capable Of_Running_OpenGL_Games_Atop_Vulkan⠀⇛ Zink as an OpenGL-over-Vulkan API implementation living within Mesa merged its sub-allocator code that could deliver 10x the performance for some games. Plus it also landed OpenGL compatibility context support for getting more games working now with this open-source GL-on-VLK solution. Given the progress made in Mesa Git over the past week, here are some fresh benchmarks now for how the performance stands across various games and benchmarks. # ⚓ Beatriz_Martins_de_Carvalho:_Now_is_a_good_time_to start_thinking_about_your_career_path_after_the Outreachy_internship.⠀⇛ Finally today the part 5 of my Outreachy Saga came out, week 9 was on 7/19/21, and as you can see I’m a little late too( ;P )… This week had the theme: “Career opportunities/ Career Goals” When I read the Outreachy Organizers email, I had an anxiety crisis, starting to think about what I want to do after the internship, what my career goals are, I panicked… The Imposter Syndrome hit hard, and it still haunts my thoughts and it has been very challenging (as my therapist says) to work with this feeling of not being good enough to apply for a job opening or thinking that my resume is worthless… But week 11 arrived #SPOILERALERT with the theme: “Making connections” and talking to some people I could get to know their experiences in companies that work with free software and their contributions to it, I could feel that I am on the right path, that this is the area I want to work on. So let’s get back to the topic of today’s post!! o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Apps_for_daily_needs_part_4:_audio_editors⠀⇛ Audio editor applications or digital audio workstations (DAW) were only used in the past by professionals, such as record producers, sound engineers, and musicians. But nowadays many people who are not professionals also need them. These tools are used for narration on presentations, video blogs, and even just as a hobby. This is especially true now since there are so many online platforms that facilitate everyone sharing audio works, such as music, songs, podcast, etc. This article will introduce some of the open source audio editors or DAW that you can use on Fedora Linux. You may need to install the software mentioned. If you are unfamiliar with how to add software packages in Fedora Linux, see my earlier article Things to do after installing Fedora 34 Workstation. Here is a list of a few apps for daily needs in the audio editors or DAW category. # ⚓ GitUI_0.17_Adds_The_Ability_To_Compare_Commits,_New_Options Popup_(Terminal_UI_For_Git_Written_In_Rust)⠀⇛ GitUI, a fast terminal user interface for Git written in Rust, available for Linux, macOS and Windows, had a new release yesterday which adds new features like the ability to compare commits, new options popup, and more. GitUI allows viewing Git repositories and performing actions on it from your terminal. It features a scalable terminal UI layout, which you control using intuitive keyboard shortcuts. There’s no need to memorize the hot keys, as GitUI shows a context-based help which makes it easy to use. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Access_your_iPhone_on_Linux_with_this_open_source_tool⠀⇛ The iPhone and iPad aren’t by any means open source, but they’re popular devices. Many people who own an iOS device also happen to use a lot of open source, including Linux. Users of Windows and macOS can communicate with an iOS device by using software provided by Apple, but Apple doesn’t support Linux users. Open source programmers came to the rescue back in 2007 (just a year after the iPhone’s release) with Libimobiledevice (then called libiphone), a cross-platform solution for communicating with iOS. It runs on Linux, Android, Arm systems such as the Raspberry Pi, Windows, and even macOS. # ⚓ 10_Screen_Command_Examples_to_Manage_Linux_Terminals⠀⇛ The screen is a full-screen software program that can be used to multiplexes a physical console between several processes (typically interactive shells). It offers a user to open several separate terminal instances inside a single terminal window manager. # ⚓ How_to_keep_a_nodejs_server_running_permanently⠀⇛ Sometimes you need to run your nodejs server permanently (.e.g. for building a REST API that will be consumed by a mobile application) without the need to runthe calling command manually every time you want to start the server. In this short tutorial you will learn the steps required to pull this off. # ⚓ How_to_install_Zoom_Video_Conferencing_app_on_Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ The award-winning Zoom features video conferencing, Web conferencing, Webinars, Screen sharing, online meetings and group messaging in one easy-to-use application. If you need to use the amazing Video Conferencing application Zoom on Ubuntu, follow the steps below. # ⚓ How_to_Enable_and_Disable_Network_Interfaces_in_Ubuntu 20.04_–_VITUX⠀⇛ Whenever we operate as an Ubuntu admin, we are responsible for managing the system’s network settings. When you make modifications to the Network card on some kind of Linux system, the connection goes down. The network interfaces seem to be either practically or virtually existent, and you may simply activate them using one of the ways. In this tutorial, we’ll go through how to activate, and deactivate network interfaces within Ubuntu using several techniques. All instructions were run on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, the most recent Ubuntu release. Let’s get started with the specifics! First, of very all, you need to install the network tools in your Ubuntu 20/04 Linux system, if not already been installed. Hence, try the below apt install query in the shell and hit Enter key to execute it. Add the user password to carry on the installation process. # ⚓ Create_Bootable_USB_Drive_With_Ventoy_WebUI_In_Linux_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ Creating single boot or multiboot USB devices with Ventoy is incredibly easy! With Ventoy graphical user interface, it is now even easier than ever. Starting from version 1.0.36, Ventoy bootable creation utility comes with a Web-based user interface. In this brief guide, we will see how to create bootable USB drive with Ventoy WebUI in Linux. # ⚓ Difference_Between_Single_and_Double_Quote_in_Bash_Shell⠀⇛ You’ll often use quotes in Linux command line. Dealing with spaces in filename? You use quotes. Handling special characters? You use quotes again. The quotes are ‘special feature’ in Linux shell and it may get confusing, specially if you are new to Linux commands and shell scripting. I’ll explain the different types of quote characters and their usage in shell scripting. # ⚓ How_To_Convert_PDF_To_Image_in_Linux_System_(CLI_and_GUI Method)⠀⇛ PDF is one of the most popular forms to convey information nowadays, and we often need to manipulate those PDF files. Grabbing some portion of a PDF file as an image for various purposes is quite a common phenomenon. On Linux distros, one can convert PDF to image with ease. We can even specify the image file type here. A whole PDF can be converted into several images depending upon the page number of that PDF. Also, any particular page can be converted as well. Depending upon your necessity, you can choose anyone between them. You have the flexibility to choose. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Debian_11_Bullseye_with_GNOME_Desktop⠀⇛ This tutorial explains Debian 11 installation procedures. This tutorial is suitable for everyone who wants either dualboot, UEFI or BIOS Legacy, normal or external storage method in installing Debian 11. The result expected from this installation is a ready to use Debian 11 with GNOME user interface, LibreOffice, Firefox and other daily software packages and you can have it stored not in internal hard disk in computer but a USB flash drive instead. # ⚓ How_To_Install_PHP_8_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install PHP 8 on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, PHP is an open-source, general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development but has also been used as a general- purpose programming language. The latest PHP release to date is the 8 series. PHP 8 is a significant update of the PHP language. It contains many new features and optimizations, including named arguments, union types, attributes, constructor property promotion, match expression, null safe operator, JIT, improvements in the type system, error handling, and consistency. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of PHP 8 on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Install_Google_Chrome_in_RedHat-Based_Linux Distros⠀⇛ Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google Inc. Google Chrome team proudly announced the release of Google Chrome 92 on 16 August 2021. The actual version is 92.0.4515.159 for Linux and Mac OS X/Windows operating systems. This new Chrome version is bundled with a number of exciting fixes, features, and improvements. In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Google Chrome browser in RedHat-Based Linux Distros like CentOS, Fedora, Rocky Linux, and AlmaLinux using Google’s own repository with the yum package manager tool. # ⚓ How_to_Install_PostgreSQL_on_Rocky_Linux_and_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ PostgreSQL is an immensely popular open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that has been around for over 30 years. It provides SQL language support which is used for managing databases and performing CRUD operations (Create Read Update Delete). [ You might also like: 10 Useful Websites for Learning PostgreSQL Database System] PostgreSQL has earned itself a solid reputation for its robustness, flexibility, and performance. It’s the primary datastore for numerous web and analytical applications. Global giants that rely on PostgreSQL include Spotify, Instagram, Trivago, Uber, and Netflix. At the time of writing this guide, the latest version is PostgreSQL 13 and in this article, we demonstrate how to install PostgreSQL on Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_qBittorrent_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Qbittorent is an open-source and freely available peer-to-peer bit torrent client. It is small and does not load the memory disk. This application is known to work effectively and efficiently on many operating systems such as Linux, Microsoft Windows and FreeBSD. It is written in the C++ language. It has a similar interface to u torrent. Qbittorent also supports major bit torrent extensions like peer exchange and full encryption, etc. This article will help you to get the instructions for installing qbittorent on Linux operating system. To follow this article, you should have an Ubuntu 20.04 desktop installed and your user must have sudo permissions. # ⚓ How_to_Upgrade_from_Debian_10_to_Debian_11⠀⇛ Debian 11, codename “Bullseye” has been released on 14th August 2021. It is a stable release and is supported for the next 5 years. This release brings updates to many well-known packages including, Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS, Apache 2.4.48, MariaDB 10.5, Python 3.9.1, PostgreSQL 13, and more. Before upgrading to Debian 11, you should do the following things: -Back up all your files on the external drive. -Make sure you have a stable internet connection. -Disable any external repository. -Stop all running application services including, Apache, FTP, and others. In this article, I will show you how to upgrade from Debian 10 to Debian 11 in a few easy steps. # ⚓ How_to_install_AWS_CLI_on_Debian_11_Bullseye_Linux_–_Linux Shout⠀⇛ To manage AWS servers, Amazon cloud offers a command-line interface tool called AWS CLI. It is an open-source program that helps users to manage and automate various Amazon cloud servers directly from their system’s command-line shell. Here we learn the steps to install the AWS CLI tool on Debian 11 Bullseye or 10 Buster using the terminal. It is a cross-platform tool, hence apart from Linux, it is also available for Windows and macOS, along with direct access to public APIs for AWS. Till now, it has two versions one is AWS CLI 2.x, the current version meant to use in production; whereas Version 1.x is the earlier version available for backward compatibility. # ⚓ 10_iftop_Command_Examples_in_Linux⠀⇛ System monitoring is a critical role that any sysadmin should undertake to ensure that systems and applications are running as expected. We have covered a few monitoring tools in the past including glances real-time monitoring tool and top command which provides detailed information about running process and other metrics such as uptime, CPU and memory usage. Iftop is yet another monitoring tool that monitors network bandwidth in real-time. It captures total inbound and outbound data packets flowing through a network interface and displays the total bandwidth usage. In this guide, we walk you through the installation and the usage of the iftop command- line tool. # ⚓ How_To_Compare_Two_Files_in_Linux_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ Sometimes we are required to compare two or more than two files for some modifications or just to check the errors in two same files. Instead of reading both files and comparing them precisely, we have some built-in tools in Linux which can help us in this regard. In this article, we will discuss the built-in functions and some third-party tools which are used to compare to files in Linux and how they work. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Etcher_USB_Image_Writer_Tool_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Etcher ( also know as balenaEtcher) is a free, cross-platform, and open-source tool used for writing images such as .iso, .img, and .zip files to storage media. It is used to flash OS images to USB drives, SD Cards, or Raspberry Pi devices. This enables users to create bootable flash drives. Etcher is compatible with Windows, Mac, and Linux and is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions. It is based on Electron and keeps in mind it’s not compatible with the system supporting Wayland. # ⚓ How_to_Install_MySQL_8.0_on_Rocky_Linux_and_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ Written in C, MySQL is an open-source, cross- platform, and one of the most widely used Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS). It’s an integral part of the LAMP stack and is a popular database management system in web hosting, data analytics, and eCommerce applications to mention a few. # ⚓ How_to_Reload_.bash_profile_in_Linux_Command-Line⠀⇛ The Linux operating system environment is famed for numerous OS-based attributes. One of them is the Linux home directory. It is responsible for all user profiles in the system and enables the system users to create and store files or access already existing/pre-defined system tools and resources. # ⚓ How_to_Setup_Python_3_Virtual_Environment_on_Ubuntu_20.04_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Python’s venv module is a virtual environment is a Python environment such that the Python interpreter, libraries, and scripts installed into it are such that the Python interpreter, libraries, and scripts installed into it are isolated from those installed in other virtual environments, and (by default) any libraries installed on your operating system, for example, those that are installed on your Ubuntu operating system to avoid clashing and disturbing your production environments. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install Python 3 and PIP 3 on your Ubuntu 20.04 operating system, along with setting up a programming environment via the command line. # ⚓ How_to_Upgrade_openSUSE_Leap_from_15.2_to_15.3⠀⇛ openSUSE Leap is a free and Linux-based operating system for your PC, Laptop or Server. It’s one of the stable Linux distribution forked from SUSE Enterprise Linux, which is used by millions of users worldwide for their day to day operation and i’m part of that. It has been my primary OS since openSUSE Leap 15.1. openSUSE 15.3 is based on SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP3 and it is supported until December 2022. # ⚓ How_to_install_MetaTrader_4_with_the_EXNESS_Broker_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install MetaTrader 4 with the EXNESS Broker on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Game_developer_business_sim_City_Game_Studio_gets_a_big update_and_releases_August_24_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ After being in Early Access for a few years, City Game Studio just got a big update and it’s leaving Early Access as a finished game on August 24. Inspired by a few similar games like Game Dev Story, Game Dev Tycoon and Software Inc this is probably one of the most advanced in the genre. It’s absolutely crammed full of features to keep you and you business busy. The developer mentioned that since the initial release they’ve added in “hacking, cracking, training, building, modding… I mean you can have several studios working on the same project, you can make your own video game console or your own digital store, the shop has been revamped” and so much more. # ⚓ Fantasy_Town_Regional_Manager_is_an_upcoming_turn-based roguelite_city-builder_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Fantasy Town Regional Manager from developer Caps Collective is an upcoming turn-based city-builder that has a little deck-building sprinkled in and the code is available on GitHub. “Following a map to ancient ruins, in a long- forgotten fantasy land, you do the only reasonable thing and set up a small town right on top. Unknown riches and perils await your townsfolk, so your town will require a steady supply of adventurers for both protection and exploration. However, the chaos that the adventuring lifestyle brings can often times cause more problems than it solves! It is up to you, the regional middle manager of the adventurers guild to grow this small hamlet into a bustling city. Will you stand the test of time, or will your works return to dust as many have before?” # ⚓ Classic_run_and_gun_game_C-Dogs_SDL_1.0_adds_support_for Wolfenstein_and_Spear_of_Destiny_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ C-Dogs SDL (a sequel to Cyberdogs), the classic overhead run-and-gun game from the late 90s lives on with a 1.0 release out now that adds in support for Wolfenstein 3D and Spear of Destiny. “C-Dogs SDL is a classic overhead run-and-gun game, supporting up to 4 players in co-op and deathmatch modes. Customize your player, choose from many weapons, and blast, slide and slash your way through over 100 user-created campaigns.” # ⚓ The_ridiculous_Killer_Bean_is_getting_a_third-person shooter_video_game_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Ever heard of Killer Bean? It’s a film created by Jeff Lew that released back in 2009 that eventually saw a full YouTube release in 2018 and gained something of a cult following – and now it’s getting a game. What to expect from it? The developer notes that it will be a “third person, roguelike shooter” that features plenty of random generation. Each new run through gives a different layout, different missions, characters, bosses and tweaks to the story each time too. Going from the screenshots, it actually looks reasonably pretty too and quite silly. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Connect_iOS_Wrapping_up_GSoC_2021:_Plans_for_the Future⠀⇛ School ended late for me in mid-June (which ate into the GSoC coding period), but it will also be starting late in late September. Therefore, the month after the end of GSoC would still be a suitable time for me to continue contributing to the project whenever my schedule fits and carry on implementing parts of the projects that either didn’t make it into the GSoC timeline or were delayed throughout GSoC. With a solid, bridged foundation between Swift and Objective-C and a Plugin structure already in place, hopefully, things will be fairly straightforward from here. Since many crucial parts of the app, e.g the UI/UX, Plugins, etc. were revamped in Swift, this also opens up many possibilities for other interesting additions to the project. The Catalyst framework, which allows cross- compatibility between iOS and macOS (both Apple Silicon and x86) is only a checkbox (and perhaps some UI and backend tweaking) away. And adding Widgets for iOS >=14 and perhaps even a watchOS companion app is also on the table. SwiftUI’s accessibility features are also very straightforward e.g being able to configure lines for the iOS screen reader with a few lines of code. The future potential and possibility of KDE Connect iOS seem broad and wide, and hopefully, we would be able to get to at least some of them. # ⚓ KDE_GSOC:_Thanks_and_Work_Product⠀⇛ First of all: A big thanks to my mentor Jasem Mutlaq and the KStars Team. Jasem, you were extremely helpful whilst leaving me a lot of freedom. With patience you have endured my mood swings and occasional panics :P. It has always been a pleasure working with you and I am certain that this will continue to be the case. Furthermore, the rest of the KStars Team, especially Akarsh Simha, Wolfgang Reissenberger and Robert Lancaster who have found bugs, helped me to debug them and suggested improvements1. I also thank Yuri Chornoivan for correcting all the typos that I’ve inadvertently introduced into the handbook and the comments in the code. # ⚓ Old_Asus_Vivobook_&_new_KDE_neon_–_Freshly_fresh⠀⇛ I’ve been doing a little bit of housekeeping lately. Mostly, rotating hardware. I happen to have two laptops, which I classify as for production or semi-production use, but they are getting a little bit long in the tooth and gray in the beard. To that end, I decided to “downgrade” them in their use, but also take advantage of the opportunity to do some software changes. Firstly, with my IdeaPad Y50-70, I relegated it from primary to secondary use, and added Kubuntu to the operating system arsenal. This 2014-vintage 4K-screen laptop now runs Windows 8.1 and Plasma-flavored Focal in a dual-boot configuration. A very useful exercise, hybrid card, Nvidia, all that. Secondly, with my 2013-era Asus Vivobook, used for secondary purposes, now tertiary, I decided to do a complete makeover. But let’s not get ahead of ourselves. Do read on. [...] Thus endeth my exercise. I have to say, I’m really pleased with the outcome. I was able to configure an FDE setup on an ancient laptop, no need for TPM of anything like that, it’s got the latest of Plasma, which offers superior visual results and consistency across the board (beyond Linux, too), the speed is quite decent, and for normal usage (no gaming and such), this is a perfectly reasonable piece of kit. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Manuel_Genovés:_Wrapping_up_GSoC_2021⠀⇛ This year’s GSoC has been a great opportunity to learn and to contribute to the GNOME project. Let’s recapitulate what has been done in the libadwaita animations project, what is left to do, and how the future looks like. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾ # ⚓ vivaldi_browser_updated_to_4.1.2369.21_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Vivaldi browser is a Chromium based browser built by an Opera founder. It’s aimed mostly at power users, but it can be used by anyone. # ⚓ zoom_client_updated_to_5.7.6.31792.082_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ Zoom, the cloud meeting company, unifies cloud video conferencing, simple online meetings, and group messaging into one easy- to-use platform. Our solution offers the best video, audio, and screen-sharing experience across Zoom Rooms, Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, Android, and H.323/SIP room systems. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Simplified_Networking,_Security_and_Observability_for Rancher_Kubernetes_Engine_with_Calico⠀⇛ SUSE has chosen to add open-source Calico container network interface (CNI) as an option for Rancher Kubernetes Engine (RKE) 2, enabling consistent Kubernetes network policy definition and enforcement. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Digital_transformation_fatigue:_6_ways_to_fight_it now⠀⇛ The pandemic only exacerbated the risk of digital transformation burnout for teams that logged long hours to deliver critical capabilities at warp speed. Fight fatigue using these strategies # ⚓ How_OpenStack_uses_Ceph_for_storage_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ Ceph is often deployed with OpenStack as a back-end storage method. These two open source projects work together to make a well- integrated and robust solution for infrastructure. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Pavit_Kaur:_GSoC_2021:_Final_Evaluation⠀⇛ Debian Continuous Integration is Debian’s CI platform. It runs tests on the packages published in the Debian archive, and today is used to control migration of packages from unstable, Debian’s development area, to testing, the area of the archive where the next Debian release is being prepared. This makes it a crucial part of Debian’s infrastructure. The web platform shows the results of all the tests executed. Debian CI provides developers both API and a GUI Self-Service section to request tests for the packages and get information on test history. This project involves implementing incremental improvements to the platform, making it easier to use and maintain. # ⚓ Review:_Debian_11⠀⇛ One of the first things that I noticed while settling into my Debian trial was how little the distribution has changed. Someone could have swapped out my Debian 11 install media for a copy of Debian 8 and I probably wouldn’t have noticed the difference. The installer is virtually identical to the one that shipped with Debian 6, the GNOME desktop hasn’t really changed in the past release or two, the same quirks, issues, smooth running, and manual work are the same. Whether this is good or not will probably depend on whether you’re interested in new features or consistency. Debian 11 highlights a few distinct characteristics of the overall project in my mind. I believe it demonstrates why Debian is such a popular and powerful base, both as a foundation for other distributions and for server or embedded systems. It also demonstrates why there is such a need for Debian-based desktop distributions. On the one side, Debian is an amazing project. It is a huge undertaking, supporting a handful of CPU architectures, providing tens of thousands of packages, multiple kernel implementations, and three main branches people can run. The project offers roughly five years of support and is well known for its stability and maturity. It’s a hugely impressive undertaking and the team’s dedication to making a universal operating system out in the open (using issue trackers and mailing lists) is commendable. # ⚓ Bits_from_Debian:_Lenovo,_Infomaniak,_Roche,_Amazon Web_Services_(AWS)_and_Google,_Platinum_Sponsors_of DebConf21⠀⇛ We are very pleased to announce that Lenovo, Infomaniak, Roche, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google, have committed to supporting DebConf21 as Platinum sponsors. [...] The 22nd Debian Conference is being held Online, due to COVID-19, from August 22nd to 28th, 2021. There are 8 days of activities, running from 10:00 to 01:00 UTC. Visit the DebConf21 website at https:// debconf21.debconf.org to learn about the complete schedule, watch the live streaming and join the different communication channels for participating in the conference. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Qualcomm_IPQ4019_802.11ac_Wave_2_WiFi_system-on-module comes_with_Dual_Gigabit_Ethernet_baseboard⠀⇛ Wallys Communication has introduced their lowest cost networking platform with the DR4019S board equipped with two Gigabit Ethernet ports, as well as a Qualcomm IPQ4019 802.11ac Wave 2 WiFi system- on-module. The module comes with 32MB NOR flash, and 256MB DDR memory and targets applications ranging from security surveillance to commercial radio coverage to hotel wireless applications, or even forest fire protection engineering. # ⚓ Zotac_ZBOX_C-series_nano_fanless_Tiger_Lake_mini_PCs announced_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Three new Zotac ZBOX C-series nano fanless mini PCs with Tiger Lake processors have just been listed on the Zotac HK website. We wrote about Simply NUC’s Tiger Canyon Porcoolpine fanless Tiger lake mini PC last week, but getting more choices is great with the ZOTAC ZBOX CI625 nano (Core i3-1115G4), CI645 nano (Core i5-1135G7), and CI665 nano (Core i7- 1165G7) mini PCs. The new computers are offered barebone with support for up to 64GB DDR4, SATA and NVMe storage, as well as HDMI 2.0 and DisplayPort 1.4 4K video outputs, two Gigabit Ethernet ports, WiFi 5, and more. # ⚓ LIVA_Q1L_Review_–_pfSense,_Ubuntu_20.04,_Windows_10_tested on_a_dual_Ethernet_“Ultra_Tiny_PC”_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Elitegroup Computer Systems (ECS) have a series of mini PCs called LIVA which includes the diminutive Q range from which the LIVA Q2 was previously reviewed. Now it is the turn of the LIVA Q1L which although announced over a year ago has just been received for review and the results from various testing are detailed below. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_10_Best_Call_Blocker_Apps_To_Block_Unwanted_and Spam_Calls⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_Ten_Android_Deals:_August_2021_Edition⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_update_tracker:_Early_info_we_know_so far⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Android_12_open_beta_on_your smartphone:_Quick_steps,_list_of_eligible_devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Nintendo_3DS_Emulator_On_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google’s_Android_12_might_allow_users_to_control phone_with_face_gestures_|_Business_Standard_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Here’s_How_To_Use_Chrome’s_Multiple_Window_Feature_On Android_12⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tips_and_tricks:_How_to_improve_your_gaming experience_on_Android_smartphones_|_Digit⠀⇛ # ⚓ Poco_Android_11_update_status_&_release_date⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_3.4_finally_receives_Android_11_OS_update_– Android_Community⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_is_shutting_down_the_Android_Auto_phone_app_| Engadget⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_takes_down_8_fake_cryptocurrency_Android_apps from_Play_Store_|_Deccan_Herald⠀⇛ # ⚓ Blaupunkt_4K_Android_TV_(55CSA7090)_Review_– PCQuest⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ HarmonyOS_2.0_update_tracker:_HongMeng_OS_2.0_Release_date, beta,_&_other_info⠀⇛ According to data from Statcounter, Huawei has, over the past year, been holding steady at about 10% of the global Mobile Vendor Market Share, trailing behind Korean tech giant Samsung at about 31% and Apple at 25% market share. This is rather impressive, especially seeing as Huawei’s sales outside of China have been greatly handicapped owing to the ongoing tension between the Chinese tech giant and the U.S. # ⚓ Spectro_Cloud_Announces_Open_Source_Contribution_That_Makes Bare_Metal_Kubernetes_Accessible_and_Manageable_For_The Enterprise⠀⇛ Spectro Cloud, a provider of a next-gen enterprise Kubernetes management platform, today announced the release of an open source CNCF Cluster API contribution supporting Canonical’s MaaS interface. The new contribution to the open source Kubernetes ecosystem addresses the need for organizations to easily deploy, run and manage Kubernetes clusters directly on top of bare metal servers, increasing performance and minimizing cost and operational effort. # ⚓ Five_ways_that_Open_Source_Software_shapes_AI_policy⠀⇛ Open-source software (OSS), which is free to access, use, and change without restrictions, plays a central role in the development and use of artificial intelligence (AI). An AI algorithm can be thought of as a set of instructions—that is, what calculations must be done and in what order; developers then write software which contains these conceptual instructions as actual code. If that software is subsequently published in an open- source manner—where the underlying code publicly available for anyone to use and modify—any data scientist can quickly use that algorithm with little effort. There are thousands of implementations of AI algorithms that make using AI easier in this way, as well as a critical family of emerging tools that enable more ethical AI. Simultaneously, there are a dwindling number of OSS tools in the especially important subfield of deep learning—leading to the enhanced market influence of the companies that develop that OSS, Facebook and Google. Few AI governance documents focus sufficiently on the role of OSS, which is an unfortunate oversight, despite this quietly affecting nearly every issue in AI policy. From research to ethics, and from competition to innovation, open-source code is playing a central role in AI and deserves more attention from policymakers. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Final_Report_–_GSoC_–_100_Paper_Cuts_|_Bayram_Çiçek’s website⠀⇛ I’m very happy that we all reached the end of GSoC. During that time, I know that I had a responsibility for doing everything that I can. Therefore I worked hard, tried to get familiar with the LibreOffice community and worked on as many bugs as I can. I learned a lot of things during the GSoC. Although GSoC is finished, I will definitely continue to contribute to LibreOffice. I am really happy to be a part of the LibreOffice community and GSoC. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_adds_better_support_for_Microsoft Office_documents⠀⇛ The Document Foundation has announced the launch of LibreOffice 7.2 – a major new release of the office suite that comes with lots of interoperability improvements to better support Microsoft Office formats such as DOCX, DOC, PPTX and XLSX. The new update also adds native support for Apple Silicon, although, it’s recommended that you stick to the older binary types for stability reasons. LibreOffice 7.2 also comes with several new performance improvements when it comes to opening larger files, opening DOCX and XLSX files, managing font caching, and opening presentations and drawings that contain large images. If you’re using the Skia back-end, which was introduced in LibreOffice 7.1, you’ll also notice drawing speed improvements. According to The Document Foundation, LibreOffice 7.2 Community’s new features came from 171 contributors with 70% of the code commits coming from just 51 developers employed by Collabora, Red Hat, and allotropia – all of which sit on the TDF’s Advisory Board, and other organisations. The other 30% come from 120 individual volunteers. # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_brings_improved_but_still_imperfect Microsoft_Office_compatibility [Ed: By Microsoft Tim]⠀⇛ The Document Foundation has released LibreOffice 7.2, including a native build for Apple Silicon though users are warned not to use it “for any critical purpose.” The new release is not a big one for features but is nevertheless notable for a couple of reasons. First, there is now an official Apple Silicon build which can be found here, though the Foundation said that “because of the early stage of development on this specific platform, binaries are provided but should not be used for any critical purpose.” Second, there has been an effort to further improve compatibility with Microsoft Office document formats, with hundreds of fixes to small details that previously prevented identical rendering. Both Microsoft Office and LibreOffice use an XML document format. According to the foundation: “Microsoft files are still based on the proprietary format deprecated by the ISO in April 2008, and not on the ISO approved standard, so they have a large amount of hidden artificial complexity.” The native format of LibreOffice is the rival Open Document (ODF) standard. # ⚓ New_LibreOffice_7.2:_More_Office_compatibility,_but enterprise_really_should_pay_up [Ed: Another negative slant from another Microsoft booster]⠀⇛ The Document Foundation (TDF) has announced the release of LibreOffice 7.2, the free and open source alternative to Microsoft Office. LibreOffice 7.2 arrives six months after TDF released LibreOffice 7.1 with a message urging enterprise users to stop using the free Community version and move to a paid-for LibreOffice Enterprise version with more support options from partners. TDF, which bills LibreOffice as “free and open source software” (FOSS), is maintaining its position that enterprise organizations should stop free-riding off the volunteer- made community version and that LibreOffice may stagnate like OpenOffice — the open source office productivity suite that Oracle offloaded to The Apache Foundation in 2011. # ⚓ The_LibreOffice_7.2_Community_is_available_for download⠀⇛ The LibreOffice program now offers the final version 7.2 of the LibreOffice community, a volunteer-supported version of the best open source office suite # § Funding⠀➾ # ⚓ Commercial_and_open_source_GraphQL_company_Apollo raises_$130M_|_VentureBeat⠀⇛ So where does Apollo come into all of this? The core Apollo graph platform unifies APIs, microservices, and databases into what is known as a data graph (though it now just refers to this as “graph”), which can be easily queried with GraphQL and put to use in client-side applications. The platform allows users to see everything that they need to build new software-based experiences in a single place, including the types of data that exist, the relationships between them and relevant documentation, what services rely on that data, when they last changed, and who’s using them. # § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Data⠀➾ # ⚓ Data_Gathering_–_Somalia_Cities:_Training manual⠀⇛ While many data are available across different sectors and key actors, there is no official cartography nor related databases which represent Somali cities as they are now. In this sense, Somalia is, in many senses, unexplored territory. Access limitations to many of its parts make it very difficult to provide updated, reliable and verified information from a spatial perspective. # ⚓ Embracing_Observability_in_Distributed Systems⠀⇛ Michael Hausenblas discusses good practices and current developments around CNCF open source projects and specifications including OpenTelemetry and FluentBit. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Write_a_chess_game_using_bit-fields_and_masks_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ Let’s say you were writing a chess game in C. One way to track the pieces on the board is by defining a structure that defines each possible piece on the board, and its color, so every square contains an element from that structure. For example, you might have a structure that looks like this… # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ 2021.34_Stabler_–_Rakudo_Weekly_News⠀⇛ Oleksandr Kyriukhin has done it again: creating the 2021.08 Rakudo Compiler Release. Shortly thereafter, Claudio Ramirez created the associated Linux packages. And JJ Merelo created the associated Alpine Docker image, also for testing with Raku. This release is mostly about fixes of problems and stability improvements: hopefully the next release will have all of the exciting new-disp improvements! # ⚓ Object::Pad_review_Yuki_Kimoto’s_2021-08-23_– Constructor_argument_customize⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung_sprints_past_Intel_to_become_world’s_semiconductor sales_leader⠀⇛ Samsung has taken the sales lead as the world’s largest semiconductor supplier in 2021′s second quarter after a ten per cent jump allowed it to leapfrog Intel in the rankings, said semiconductor- centric analyst firm IC Insights. IC Insights’ August Update to the 2021 McClean Report ranks Samsung as the company with the world’s most voluminous semiconductor sales in Q2 – up from second place in Q1. Intel holds second place. The remaining top five remain stable in their ranking: TSMC (3rd), SK hynix (4th) and Micron (5th). SK hynix and Micron saw significant sales boosts in Q2 from Q1 but not enough to shuffle the rankings. Samsung’s secret sauce was a 19 per cent increase in sales driven by rising demand for DRAM and flash memory – a market segment that has aided past Samsung surges. Rising prices along with heavy demand did Samsung’s bottom-line a world of good as well. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Josh_Bressers:_Episode_285_–_Open_source_owes you_nothing!⠀⇛ Josh and Kurt talk about open source bugs. What happens if a project decides to close most of their bugs? Nothing really. Bug trackers aren’t a help desk. # ⚓ Bug_Bounty_Hunters_|_Meet_The_Indians_Raking_In Lakhs_To_Find_Software_Glitches⠀⇛ Mayur Fartade, a final-year engineering college student, earned Rs 22 lakh ($30,000) on June 15. Narendra Bhati, a security professional in Pune, earned over Rs 80 lakh in 6-7 months, and Akhil George, a 23-year-old engineering graduate, earned Rs 66 lakh ($90,000) last year. Bhavuk Jain, an engineer from Ghaziabad, won Rs 75 lakh ($100,000) in a single day. They didn’t make that quick money by clicking on some dubious ads on a website. Rather, Fartade, Bhati, George and Jain are examples of how computer science engineers can earn lakhs finding bugs in software. # ⚓ Delhi_High_Court_seeks_Centre’s_response_on plea_alleging_data_breaches_on_online_platforms of_Domino’s,_BigBasket,_MobiKwik,_Air_India⠀⇛ Justice Rekha Palli granted time to the Standing Counsel for Central government, Ajay Digpaul to obtain further instructions on the plea filed by Yarlagadda Kiran Chandra, General Secretary, Free Software Movement of India. # ⚓ Trend_Micro_Detected_Nearly_13_Million_Malware Events_Targeting_Linux-based_Cloud_Environments [Ed: "Events" do not mean compromise (unlike Windows) and this is just Akamai shilling its proprietary software, which add additional risks]⠀⇛ # ⚓ WARNING:_scam_mails_about_krita_and_youtube coming_from_krita.io⠀⇛ If you receive mail pretending to come from the Krita from an email address that does not end in krita.org, like krita.io or krita.app , please be aware that these mails are scams. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple’s_Photo-Scanning_Plan_Sparks_Outcry From_Policy_Groups⠀⇛ The Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT) announced the letter, with CDT Security and Surveillance Project codirector Sharon Bradford Franklin saying, “We can expect governments will take advantage of the surveillance capability Apple is building into iPhones, iPads, and computers. They will demand that Apple scan for and block images of human rights abuses, political protests, and other content that should be protected as free expression, which forms the backbone of a free and democratic society.” # ⚓ Nearly_100_policy_and_rights_groups_push Apple_to_abandon_plans_to_scan_iPhones_for child_abuse_–_CNET⠀⇛ A coalition of more than 90 US and international organizations sent an open letter to Apple CEO Tim Cook on Thursday, urging him to halt the company’s plans to build new child safety features into its iPhones, iPads and Macs. The new capabilities, which Apple plans to release as part of free software updates in the coming months, could be twisted into tools of surveillance, the group warned. “Though these capabilities are intended to protect children and to reduce the spread of child sexual abuse material (CSAM), we are concerned that they will be used to censor protected speech, threaten the privacy and security of people around the world, and have disastrous consequences for many children,” the group said in the letter, whose signatories include the Center for Democracy & Technology, the American Civil Liberties Union, the Electronic Frontier Foundation and Privacy International. # ⚓ VC_Daily:_Remote_Work_Boosts_Blogging Platform;_New_Tech-Industry_Battle_Is Taking_Shape;_China_Set_to_Pass_Strict Data-Privacy_Law_|_Morningstar⠀⇛ China’s top legislative body is expected this week to pass a privacy law that resembles the world’s most robust framework for online privacy protections, Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation. But unlike European governments, which themselves face more public pressure over data collection, Beijing is expected to maintain broad access to data under the new Personal Information Protection Law. The national privacy law, China’s first, is being reviewed as frustration grows within the government, and in Chinese society at large, over online fraud, data theft and data collection by Chinese technology giants. The law is on its third round of reviews, usually the last before passage. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Estonia_marks_30_years_of_restored_independence,_but_is their_success_down_to_keeping_oligarchs_out?⠀⇛ As Estonia celebrates the 30th anniversary of the restoration of its independence on Friday, Euronews looks at the elements that led to success for the tiniest Baltic state. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Dear_OnlyFans:_What_the_heck_are_you_doing?_Sincerely,_the internet.⠀⇛ o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ SlantRange_Adds_to_Intellectual_Property_Portfolio with_10th_Patent;_First_in_European_Union [Ed: Hilarious. SlantRange brags about patent from the EPO, which grants_terrible_patents_these_days, and thinks EPO has something to do with EU (false; very different things)]⠀⇛ SlantRange, Inc., a leading provider of agricultural insights, announced today the issuance of a new patent covering foundational technologies for aerial crop inspection and measurement. Patent 3,192,260, issued by the European Patent Office, covers SlantRange’s sunlight calibration technology that enables accurate crop measurement, prescriptions, and forecasting from crop imagery. # ⚓ Australian_Federal_Circuit_finds_literal interpretation_of_“first_approval”_in_PTE_legislation leads_to_“manifest_absurdity” [Ed: Patents_on_cancer, profiting from angst and suffering]⠀⇛ The Australian Federal Circuit has overturned a decision of the Commissioner of Patent to reject a patent term extension (PTE) application based on a third party marketing authorisation ([2021] FCA 643). The Federal Circuit found the consequences of enforcing a strict interpretation of “first authorisation” for the purposes of determining the valid authorisation for a PTE application to be wholly unreasonable. The decision appears to bring Australia broadly in-line with the US system for PTE. However, questions remain unanswered with respect to whether Australian PTEs can be based on third party authorisations granted to licensees and/or without the consent of the authorization holder. The Australian patent commissioner has also now appealed the Federal Circuit decision, leaving the legal status of PTEs granted according to the Federal Circuits interpretation of the Patent Act in legal limbo. Case Background: Which is the “first approval” for the purposes of a Australian PTE application? The case in Ono Pharmaceutical v Commissioner of Patents ([2021] FCA 643) related to the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab (Opdivo) for the treatment of cancer, owned by Ono Pharmaceuticals (a subsidiary of BMS). After receiving approval for nivolumab in Australia, Ono requested patent term extension (PTE) for their Australian patent covering nivolumab. Importantly, the claims of BMS/Ono’s patent (AU 2011203119) also covered Merck’s independently developed PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (Keytruda), which has a different sequence to nivolumab. Keytruda was approved in Australia nine months before Opdivo. Ono filed a PTE application based on the approval for Opdivo. # ⚓ Compulsory_License:_United_States_of_America [Ed: Such licences are typically accompanying very controversial patents that oughtn't exist in the first place (grants refused or patents invalidated for innovation's sake)]⠀⇛ On August 2, 2010, Dr. C. Allen Black, Jr. submitted a request on behalf of his patients with Fabry disease Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), asking the Government to exercise its March-in rights under the Bayh-Dole Act. The request concerned HHS to grant to open license to certain patents owned by Mount Sinai School of Health that were funded by NIH (and exclusively licensed by Mount Sinai to Genzyme Corporation) to permit manufacturing of Fabrazyme®. On November 3, 2010, the NIH denied the petition of March-in rights stating that under the current FDA drug approval process, it would take years of clinical testing to bring a biosimilar of Fabrazyme® to the market and therefore granting March-in rights would not address the problem. The NIH also stated that it would continue to monitor the situation and if Genzyme could not meet its production deadlines, or if a third-party licensee requested a license, the March-in request would be revisited. # ⚓ Australia_and_South_Africa_find_Artificial Intelligence_“Inventor”_compatible_with_Patent_Law [Ed: Fairly irrelevant patent offices looking for some business... from bots]⠀⇛ Traditionally, an “inventor” in a patent application has been defined as a person who invented or discovered the subject matter of the invention. Until recently, it has not been necessary to consider whether a non- human entity could be considered an inventor. With the development of artificial intelligence based technology (“A.I.”), we need to consider the issue. If we have reached a point where A.I. could independently invent or create protectable IP, could such an A.I. be listed as an inventor?[1] # ⚓ Opinion:_It’s_about_time_for_patent_reform_in_India [Ed: Lobbying in “opinion” clothing for patent litigation_profiteers]⠀⇛ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2614 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/8/2021:_GNU’s_MyGNUHealth_and_GNU_Parallel_Have_New_Releases⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:08 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_August_22nd,_2021⠀⇛ This has been a great week for Linux news as we got new major releases of Manjaro, Zorin OS, SparkyLinux, MATE desktop, IPFire, and LibreOffice. On top of that, Ubuntu users got a new Linux kernel update, and gamers can now play even more Windows games with Valve’s newest Proton release. For bleeding-edgers, there’s new beta releases of Krita 5.0 and MX Linux 21 Fluxbox, which is now a standalone edition for Fluxbox lovers. You can enjoy these and much more in 9to5Linux’s Linux weekly roundup for August 22nd, 2021, below! # ⚓ Linux_Weekly_Roundup_#144⠀⇛ We had a full, wonderful week in the world of Linux releases with Deepin 20.2.3, CarbonUI, Zorin OS 16 Core, Manjaro 21.1, SparkyLinux 6.0, KaOS 2021.08, Pardus Linux 21.0, Pisi Linux 2.2.1, and MX 21- beta1 “Fluxbox”. LibreOffice 7.2 has also been released this week! o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ People_That_Spend_Time_“Configuring”…Are_They_Wasting_Time? –_Invidious⠀⇛ Do you like to configure your desktop (aka. ricing)? Do you like playing with different window managers? Do you like configuring extensible text editors like Vim or Emacs? Do you like “playing around” on Linux and learning new things? Some people in the community will tell you that this is a waste of time. # ⚓ Unicode_Domains_Are_An_Absolute_Hack_–_Invidious⠀⇛ I recently discovered that Unicode domains exist so I thought it’d be to explain how this is possible while still keeping the internet compatible with all manor of ancient hardware still in use. # ⚓ Manjaro_21.1⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Manjaro 21.1. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.13, based on Arch, KDE Plasma 5.22, and uses about 1.8GB of ram when idling. Enjoy! # ⚓ Manjaro_21.1_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at Manjaro 21.1, the KDE edition. Enjoy! o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14-rc7⠀⇛ So things continue to look normal, and unless there is any last-minute panic this upcoming week, this is likely the last rc before a final 5.14. Much of the discussion I saw last week was about things slated for the next merge window, and nothing in here looks particularly strange or scary. Most of the changes here are drivers (GPU and networking stand out), and the rest is pretty random stuff: arch, tracing, core networking, a couple of VM fixes.. So please give this all some final testing to make sure we're all ready for the release, Linus # ⚓ Linux_5.14_Stable_Likely_Coming_Next_Weekend,_5.14-rc7 Released_Today_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The Linux 5.14 cycle is playing out smoothly and will likely lead to the Linux 5.14 stable kernel release happening next weekend. Linus Torvalds just released Linux 5.14-rc7 as the newest weekly test candidate. Overall, Linus is happy with where things stand at the moment, so unless any big surprises come about this will be the last release candidate. # ⚓ Kernel_prepatch_5.14-rc7_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ The 5.14-rc7 kernel prepatch has been released. “So things continue to look normal, and unless there is any last-minute panic this upcoming week, this is likely the last rc before a final 5.14.” # ⚓ Linux_On_The_Apple_M1_Can_Now_Boot_To_The_GNOME_Desktop_But Lacking_Acceleration_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Running Linux on the Apple M1 with various out-of- tree patches is now capable of booting to a GNOME desktop albeit lacking any OpenGL/graphics acceleration. Alyssa Rosenzweig as one of the prominent Asahi Linux developers working to port Linux to the Apple M1 announced the milestone this evening. She was able to get Debian booted on the Apple M1 to reaching the GNOME Shell desktop environment. # ⚓ Reiser4/Reiser5_File-System_Driver_Updated_For_Linux_5.13_– Phoronix⠀⇛ While Linux 5.14 stable is expected next weekend, the Reiser4 (and experimental Reiser5) file-system driver code has been finally updated for compatibility with the Linux 5.13 kernel series. Reiser5 is promising on the technical front with many significant feature improvements over Reiser4 but neither have a clear trajectory at this point for getting mainlined into the Linux kernel due to no major corporate backing and the past connection to convicted murderer Hans Reiser. # ⚓ Intel_Posts_Patches_Bringing_Up_DG2/Alchemist_Discrete Video_Memory_For_Linux⠀⇛ Since the start of July we’ve seen Intel beginning Linux support patches for their DG2 graphics card that is now known by the “Alchemist” codename. There’s been several rounds of DG2 patches since they started publicly pushing out the code — including some notable work like DisplayPort 2.0 bring-up — while sent out this Sunday is another important piece of the puzzle: getting the device memory (the dedicated vRAM) actually working with the open-source driver. Getting the device local memory working for DG2/ Alchemist is obviously critical and also one of the areas where the bring-up around DG1 took a while since the open-source Intel Linux graphics driver previously has only ever needed to deal with system memory for the integrated graphics of prior generations. So since they began the DG1 bring-up they’ve had to restructure the driver to introduce the notion of device local memory while retaining the shared system memory code, beginning to work on TTM memory management support for managing that device memory, and various other changes now that Intel is entering the discrete graphics space with their forthcoming ARC graphics cards. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_AutoKey_can_make_repetitive_tasks,_like_configuring Netplan,_easier⠀⇛ I have a lot of repetitive tasks I do throughout the day. For example, I have to type out the same long header for articles regularly. At one point, I saved a file that contained the header contents but realized using it caused me extra clicks, all of which amounted to making my day a bit less efficient. There are also the Netplan configurations I make daily. I frequently deploy Ubuntu Server as a virtual machine, and having to always configure networking is just one more step I don’t want to have to take. That’s why I employ a little Linux tool called AutoKey, which is a GUI application for creating boilerplate text files and more complicated macros that can be used for just about anything. Once you’ve created a new “phrase” you can assign the phrase a hotkey. With the phrase complete, all you have to do is hit the hotkey and the phrase is then added to the document you are using. AutoKey also allows you to create “scripts,” which are more advanced options that allow you to do things like open applications/files/folders, control window and mouse events, display menu entries to select from, and other things. I’m going to show you how to install AutoKey on a Debian-based distribution and then walk you through how to create a phrase that will paste the contents of Netplan into an open file. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Add_or_Remove_User_From_Group_in_Linux_–_Linux_Nightly⠀⇛ Linux is a multi-user opertating system. Linux also utilizes groups, which contain a set of user accounts. This makes it easier to assign correct permissions on various files throughout the system. For example, you could grant read and write access to the office group for a certain file, which means anyone in that group can read or write to the file. This is much more convenient than assigning file permissions to individual user accounts. In this guide, you’ll learn how to add a user to a group and remove a user from a group in Linux. # ⚓ How_to_use_Xubuntu_on_Raspberry_Pi_4⠀⇛ Xubuntu is an excellent desktop operating system, but did you know you can also use it on the Raspberry Pi 4? That’s right, thanks to Ubuntu for Raspberry Pi, it is possible to run your favorite Linux desktop distribution on the Pi 4. Here’s how to set it up. # ⚓ How_to_set_up_and_use_Qutebrowser_web_browser_on_Linux⠀⇛ If you’ve been on the lookout for a web browser for your Linux desktop that you can use without a mouse, this app is for you. Introducing Qutebrowser, the keyboard-based web browser. With it, users can do everything in the browser without leaving the keyboard. Here’s how to get it working. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Apache_OpenOffice_on_Linux_Mint_20_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Apache OpenOffice on Linux Mint 20. For those of you who didn’t know, Apache OpenOffice is a free, open-source, and multi-platform software office suite. It provides a complete bundle of useful office applications like spreadsheets, presentations software, and drawing tools. Although OpenOffice uses a different file format than Microsoft Office, it can still open MS Office files. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Apache OpenOffice on a Linux Mint 20 (Ulyana). # ⚓ Sparky_Dist_Upgrade_script⠀⇛ According to the last Sparky 6.0 release, and created new testing repository for Sparky 7 (next stable), there are 2 separated scripts which lets you upgrade your Sparky installation: * from Sparky 5 (oldstable) to 6 (stable) o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Quake_Remaster’s_New_MachineGames_Episodes,_Explained⠀⇛ Amidst 2021′s QuakeCon festivities, Bethesda and id Software released a remaster of the original Quake seemingly out of nowhere, featuring not only the game’s original campaign and a number of technical updates, but its original two expansion episodes and two more created by MachineGames. The remastered version of Quake runs effortlessly on console and PC, supports resolutions up to 4K, and even lets everything jump into the same deathmatch lobbies thanks to quick play. It also canonizes two brand new episodes of the game developed by MachineGames. Best known for their updated take on Wolfenstein, both Dimension of the Past and Dimension of the Machine show up on the main menu alongside the original campaigns, expanding the breadth of this classic FPS and providing brand new content to a hungry retro FPS audience. # ⚓ Why_Steam_Deck’s_change_of_Linux_distros_could_be_a_winning move [Ed: This site may be dubious]⠀⇛ o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Suraj_Kumar_Mahto:_Winding_up_GSoC_2021⠀⇛ Here comes the ending of the 10 week GSoC program. This project has been a roller coaster ride for me. With initial weeks of struggling to understand the large codebase to this point. Week 9-10 revolved around testing all the changes done in the coding period. I had a virtual meet on the 7th of August with mentors. Thank you to them to organize a meet of their schedule, The meet after many weeks was great. Mentors asked for my feedback about the current progress. I presented my work and discussed some possible bugs that I found while working on the project. One of which was the renaming of quotes not working. Thomas said that it was solved a few days ago but not in the master branch since my ongoing work was in a branch off the master. We discussed how to rebase my branch from upstream and make it merge ready. I followed the instruction of mentors to demonstrate the working of kmymoney using sample data. We found that the GNUCash plugin doesn’t seem to work after changes. It later worked (probably wasn’t working due to a linking error with my local alkimia installation). The equity price update doesn’t seem to work. I think it was because of the incomplete porting of webpricequote APIs since I commented on all the csvquote usage which is to be ported after the GSoC timeline. # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.23_–_New_Features_and_Release_Dates⠀⇛ We round up the features of KDE Plasma 5.23 (upcoming) in this post, with major highlights and download/testing instructions. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ A_refined_90s-style_operating_system_you_can_actually_use⠀⇛ SerenityOS (github) is “a love letter to ’90s user interfaces with a custom Unix-like core”, wedding the simplicity and style of Windows 9x with all the features (and security) you’d expect from a modern distribution. It’s not intended to be accessible to normals (“this project does not cater to non- technical users”) and I wouldn’t hold out for amenities such as more legible fonts, etc. For lovers of ａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓ something like Chicago95 or the Redmond Project might be more approchable. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ MX_Linux_21_Fluxbox_Is_Ready_for_Public_Beta_Testing as_a_Full_Standalone_Edition⠀⇛ Previously available as an add-on to the flagship MX Linux Xfce edition, MX-Fluxbox is now a full standalone edition that you can download for both 64-bit and 32-bit computers, featuring all the goodness of the super lightweight Fluxbox window manager with a few traditional Xfce apps. MX Linux 21 Fluxbox will be released as part of the upcoming MX Linux 21 “Wildflower” release and comes with a limited set of applications pre-installed by default than the flagship edition featuring the Xfce desktop environment, as well as a customized Fluxbox-powered desktop experience. # ⚓ Manjaro_21.1_‘Pahvo’_Released:_What’s_New_And_How_To Update?⠀⇛ A new release (Pahvo) of one of the popular Arch-based distributions, Manjaro, is live. The release brings a lot of new updates and improvements in desktop environments. TLDR; the GNOME variant now ships with the latest GNOME 40, and the Xfce and KDE Plasma variants have also been updated to their latest versions, 4.16 and 5.22, respectively. # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Recent_and_not_so_recent_changes_in_OpenBSD_that_make life_better_(and_may_turn_up_elsewhere_too)⠀⇛ Known to be “functional, free and secure by default”, the OpenBSD operating system has played an important role in open source for more than a quarter century. It has also been fairly central to what I have done for the last two decades and some. What follows is my personal view of what life with OpenBSD has been like, with an emphasis on moments and developments that I feel made life, or at least my life, better. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Jonathan_Carter,_Matthew_Miller_&_Debian,_Fedora: Community,_Cult,_Fraud⠀⇛ If a Project is temporary, being a “Project Member” is a nonsense term. Being a “Project Member” means one thing: being inferior to a real Member. Debian is not a Project and it is not an organization. Debian is simply a trademark owned by a US organization, Software in the Public Interest, Inc. A “Project Member” is a not a real member of this organization. A “Project Member” doesn’t get to attend the annual meeting, nominate for the committee or vote for the committee. Therefore, being a “Project Member” is somewhere between a fudge and a fraud. Membership is a human rights issue. Membership, like citizenship, confers rights. Using the term “Member” in an insincere manner is a fraud. Being a “Project Member” in Debian or Fedora is like having your money “invested” with Bernie Madoff or Allen Stanford. Debian memberships, Fedora memberships and Ponzi schemes have a lot in common. Fedora Developer Ahmad Haghighi has recently written about being erased from Matthew Miller’s so called Fedora “Community”. Miller has erased Ahmad in much the same way that Hitler erased Jews. Ahmad’s blog was censored by the Fedora Planet. Fortunately, independent developers set up the alternative site WeMakeFedora.org and Ahmad’s story can be told today. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian_releases_new_stable_version_after_two_years_of work⠀⇛ # ⚓ Debian_11_is_Now_Available_–_Thurrott.com⠀⇛ # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Stephen_Michael_Kellat:_Late_August_Update⠀⇛ I learned about edbrowse from the latest episode of the Ubuntu Podcast. If I ever wind up using an actual teletype for a terminal that might be quite handy. [...] The testing manifest for Impish Indri shows only vanilla Ubuntu desktop shipping an image for Raspberry Pi. Considering my working “desktop” at the moment is a Raspberry Pi 4, any testing efforts on my part may wind up limited as I do not normally test vanilla Ubuntu desktop. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ 3D_Printing_Liquid_Crystal_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ If you think at all about liquid crystals, you probably think of display technology. However, researchers have worked out a way to use an ink-jet-like process to 3D print iridescent colors using a liquid crystal elastomer. The process can mimic iridescent coloring found in nature and may have applications in things as diverse as antitheft tags, art objects, or materials with very special optical properties. For example, one item created by the team is an arrow that only appears totally green when viewed from a certain angle. The optical properties depend on the thickness of the material which, being crystalline, self- organizes. Controlling the speed of deposition changes the thickness of the material which allows the printer to tune its optical properties. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_10_Best_Call_Blocker_Apps_To_Block_Unwanted_and Spam_Calls⠀⇛ Once you have an active mobile phone, getting automated calls from different phone companies and others will become a common issue. Again, we often have phone calls from spam and disturbances. In our crucial moments, that kind of call can just ruin the mood. In that case, call blocker apps can be a reliable solution. # ⚓ Nokia_Mobile_updating_Nokia_3.4_to_Android_11_now. Wave_1_markets,_update_size_&_changelog_| Nokiapoweruser⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lenovo_Tab_11_and_Tab_P11_Plus_Android_tablets_now available_for_$310_and_up_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_phones_to_buy_in_2021_–_California_News Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ 13_new_Android_games_from_the_last_week:_The_best, worst,_and_everything_in_between_(8/15/21_–_8/22/21)⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Set_Up_and_Use_ADB_on_Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_set_up_a_Nintendo_3DS_emulator_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_TV_vs._Android_TV:_What’s_the_difference?_| Tom’s_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_Watch4_Review:_The_Best_Smartwatch_for Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Users_discovered_new_features_of_Telegram_7.10_for Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Auto_and_CarPlay_need_to_take_a_leaf_out_of Tesla’s_book_when_it_comes_to_in-car_entertainment_| T3⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Blender_2.93.3⠀⇛ Blender is the free and open source 3D creation suite. It supports the entirety of the 3D pipeline—modeling, rigging, animation, simulation, rendering, compositing and motion tracking, even video editing and game creation. Through it’s open architecture, Blender provides cross-platform interoperability, extensibility, an incredibly small footprint, and a tightly integrated workflow. Blender is one of the most popular Open Source 3D graphics application in the world. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU_Parallel_20210822_(‘Kabul’)_released⠀⇛ GNU Parallel 20210822 (‘Kabul’) has been released. It is available for download… [...] If you like GNU Parallel record a video testimonial: Say who you are, what you use GNU Parallel for, how it helps you, and what you like most about it. Include a command that uses GNU Parallel if you feel like it. # ⚓ MyGNUHealth_maintenance_release_1.0.4_is_out!⠀⇛ Dear community I am pleased to announce the maintanance release 1.0.4 from MyGNUHealth, the GNUHealth Personal Health Record. It fixes plotting issues when matplotlib uses unsorted records or dup batch inputs. You can see the Changelog at GNU Savannah mercurial server. The package is at GNU.org, the Python Package Index (PyPi) and different GNU/ Linux distributions. Happy and healthy hacking! Luis # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Go_can_only_get_better:_v1.17_hones_in_on_performance and_security⠀⇛ It has been a while since a Go release included some actual language enhancements, but version 1.17 looks to change things up. The now available update to the Google-bred programming language also offers some security improvements, advancements in lazy loading, and help with deprecations. Two of the language enhancements, unsafe.Add and unsafe.Slice, are meant to help developers write code that follows the rules for valid pointer use. While Add adds a len argument to a pointer and returns the updated pointer, Slice “returns a slice whose underlying array starts at ptr and whose length and capacity are len” for expression ptr of type *T, unsafe.Slice(ptr, len). Other than that Go now allows the conversion of a slice into an array pointer. The Go team also implemented a new way of passing function arguments via registers which should speed up packages and programs when compared to the old approach that used the stack for that. Backwards compatibility with assembly functions is maintained through adapter functions the compiler generates. These convert calling conventions and shouldn’t be noticeable in most cases, however the team notes that a small overhead is to be expected when “calling an assembly function indirectly from Go via a func value, and calling Go functions from assembly”. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ An_Opinionated_Guide_to_xargs⠀⇛ Apologies to the author for the criticism, but it generated a great discussion! Here is what lies ahead: An introduction to xargs, and a discussion of alternatives. Tips on using it, accompanied by #sample-code in the blog-code/xargs directory. High-level thoughts on shell and the Oil language. # ⚓ Get_all_lines_that_start_with_a_dot_or_period⠀⇛ $ grep ‘^\.’ file * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung_Takes_Intel’s_Throne_as_Top_Semiconductor Manufacturer_|_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ryzen_5_5600X_takes_over_from_Ryzen_5_3600_as_fan_favorite while_AMD_vanquishes_Intel_in_units_sold_and_revenue_in recent_Mindfactory_CPU_sales_data⠀⇛ o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ As_Cases_Surge,_CDC_Only_Tracking_a_Fraction_of Breakthrough_COVID-19_Infections⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Post_Office_is_new_prime_target_in_UK_parcel delivery_phishing_attacks⠀⇛ The coronavirus pandemic resulted in the closure of many bricks and mortar retail stores, forcing UK consumers to adopt online shopping more than ever before. This trend has largely continued in spite of many stores since reopening, as millions of consumers have become accustomed to the practical benefits of online shopping. Along with this increased volume of online shopping came a new trend of phishing attacks where cybercriminals impersonate parcel delivery companies in an attempt to steal financial details from their victims. Royal Mail and Hermes were popular targets for these types of attack, but most new attacks now impersonate the Post Office. [...] These attacks can be surprisingly effective, as when a consumer makes an online purchase, it is not always apparent who will be responsible for delivering it. This can also be true when placing repeat orders with the same company – for example, Amazon UK uses several different delivery companies but does not let the customer choose which one they want to use, nor does it indicate at the time of purchase which one will be used. Hence when the customer receives an unsolicited text message regarding a parcel that could not be delivered, any victim who has recently placed an order online could easily regard it as an expected text message and fall for the attack regardless of which parcel company the phishing site impersonates. # ⚓ How_I_Got_Suckered_by_an_(Alleged)_$10M_Phone Scam⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pakistan’s_tax_office_services_go_dark_after migration_project_goes_awry [Ed: Microsoft Windows TCO is huge; it's not suitable for serious work]⠀⇛ A Hyper-V attack is certainly a plausible explanation for the incident, as CVE-2021-28476 can crash hosts. The bug was patched in May 2021 but the FBR would hardly be alone in being a few months behind on patching. # ⚓ Education_Sector_Sees_Cyber_Attacks_Jump,_Check Point_Says [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Organizations around the world suffered a jump in cyberattacks in July as compared to the first half of the year, with education the most impacted sector and Israel one of the most affected countries, Israeli cybersecurity company Check Point Software Technologies said in a blog post. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ PayPal_launches_[cryptocurrency]_buying and_selling_in_the_UK⠀⇛ The roll-out, which marks the first international expansion of PayPal’s cryptocurrencies services outside of the United States, could inspire further mainstream adoption of the new asset class. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_America’s_Merchants_of_Death_Then_—_and_Now⠀⇛ We denizens of the 21st century have become somewhat accustomed — inured might be the better word — to the murderous mass violence of modern warfare. We shouldn’t find that at all surprising. The 20th century that gave most of us birth, after all, rates as the deadliest century in human history. Upwards of 75 million people died in World War II alone. Millions more have died in “little” wars since, including the nearly quarter-million who perished during the 20 years of the U.S. military war in and on Afghanistan. # ⚓ Biden_Can_Avoid_Being_Defined_by_Afghanistan_If_He_Learns the_Lessons_of_History⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Endless_Shadow_of_the_War_on_Terror⠀⇛ It ended in chaos and disaster.  Kabul has fallen and Joe Biden is being blamed (by congressional Republicans in particular) for America’s now almost-20-year disaster in Afghanistan.  But is the war on terror itself over? Apparently not.  # ⚓ US_Public_Clear:_War_in_Afghanistan_Wasn’t_Worth_It⠀⇛ As corporate media amplify pro-war voices to cover developing events in Afghanistan, two polls out Sunday showed the U.S. public has little appetite for continuing the 20-year war. A new CBS News/YouGov survey, conducted August 18- 20, found that 63% approve of President Joe Biden’s decision to pull troops out of Afghanistan, and just 37% disapprove. Just 47%, however, approve of the way Biden is handling the troop withdrawal. # ⚓ Generation_of_Vipers⠀⇛ At that time, there was a modern, secular regime in Afghanistan. It wasn’t a paradise. It was ridden by internal factionalism, sometimes violent. It was supported by the Soviet Union. It was beset by fundamentalist extremists. It had repressive features. But it was a secular regime. Women were emancipated; many held high positions. Children, including girls, were educated. Science was honored and promoted. Religion was tolerated, albeit uneasily. # ⚓ Robert_Reich_on_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Yes, the exit could have been better planned and executed. Yes, it’s all horribly sad. But can we get a grip? The sudden all-consuming focus on Afghanistan is distracting us from hugely important stuff that’s coming to a head at home… # ⚓ Anti-war_veterans_explain_how_US_lost_Afghanistan_while leaders_lied,_profited⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Tech_“Solutions”_Are_Pushed_by_Fossil_Fuel_Industry_to Delay_Real_Climate_Action⠀⇛ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ It’s_Not_Just_Manchin:_Top_House_Energy_Democrat_Also Has_Fossil_Fuel_Conflicts⠀⇛ # ⚓ Norway_shows_us_glimpse_of_the_future_as_electric cars_make_gas-powered_car_sales_vanish⠀⇛ In 2020, all-electric cars have hit a record 54% market share of Norway’s total new cars sales in 2020. Norway is on pace to crush those results in 2021. The latest data from July shows electric cars have a 64% market share and 58% for the year so far: [...] o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Georgia_Law_Allows_Certain_Candidates_to_Collect Unlimited_Campaign_Cash⠀⇛ # ⚓ In_Latest_Yes_Men_Prank,_‘Paul_Wolfowitz’_Says_Afghanistan War_‘Failure_From_Day_One’⠀⇛ Viewers of rightwing network Newsmax were told Saturday by “Paul Wolfowitz” that the war in Afghanistan was “a failure from day one” and that the over $2 trillion the U.S. poured into the war would have been better spent on “something useful like healthcare or education.” During the approximately 11-minute phone interview, host Tom Basile appears to be unaware that it’s not the actual Wolfowitz—an Iraq War cheerleader who served as deputy defense secretary in the George W. Bush administration—but Andy Bichlbaum, one of the Yes Men pranksters. That’s despite Basile referring to the two men as having met. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Ilhan_Omar’s_Genuine_Progress_Indicator_Act:_An Important_Step_for_Sustainability⠀⇛ On July 30, Representative Ilhan Omar introduced the Genuine Progress Indicator Act, which would require federal agencies to evaluate economic policies using the metric known as GPI, alongside the traditional Gross Domestic Product (GDP). If other representatives get on board, this could be an important step in building a socially and environmentally sustainable society. # ⚓ If_California_Governor_Is_Replaced_With_Republican,_Senate Could_Swing_to_GOP⠀⇛ # ⚓ Facebook_releases_shelved_content_transparency_report_after criticism_it_wasn’t_being_transparent⠀⇛ Facebook policy communications manager Andy Stone tweeted Saturday that the criticism Facebook received for not releasing the report “wasn’t unfair,” but tried to unpack the complexities of how it handled that most-viewed link: [...] o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Taliban_killing_those_found_with_Bible_apps_on_their cellphones⠀⇛ An “unstoppable” media ministry in the Middle East is proving to be a lifeline for isolated Christians in Afghanistan, as the resurgent Taliban go door- to-door, executing believers who refuse to renounce their faith. Taliban militants are even pulling people off public transport and killing them on the spot if they’re Christians or considered ethnically “unpure,” according to shocking reports from Middle East media ministry SAT-7 (www.sat7usa.org). o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Curious_Case_of_Stephen_Breyer⠀⇛ Put more nastily, Breyer’s ascent to the Supreme Court offers an unpleasing paradigm for the utter bankruptcy and degradation of that liberal tradition of which Kennedy was erroneously supposed to be the custodian and stout defender. Those with short memories often ascribe certain familiar features of the socio-economic landscape to the “Reagan Revolution.” Such features center on the erosion of government regulations unwelcome to big business. # ⚓ Taliban_‘flog_young_Afghans_for_wearing_jeans’⠀⇛ A group of young Afghans have said they were flogged by Taliban fighters for the crime of wearing jeans. In a post widely shared on Facebook, an Afghan youth said they were “walking with friends in Kabul,” when they encountered a group of Taliban soldiers who accused them of disrespecting Islam. Two of the friends escaped, the youth said, but the others were beaten, whipped on their necks and threatened at gunpoint. # ⚓ Judge_rules_California_Prop_22_gig_workers_law_is unconstitutional⠀⇛ California’s gig workers law, which allows companies like Uber and Lyft to treat workers as independent contractors— not employees— has been ruled unconstitutional and unenforceable by a judge. Voters approved the law as ballot initiative Proposition 22 in November, with companies like Uber, Lyft and DoorDash spending more than $200 million to campaign for the measure. Labor organizations, including the Service Employees International Union, opposed it. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Serious_IPR_infringers_to_be_listed_in_China [Ed: Quit using the term "IPR" as it contains 3 falsehoods and misnomers]⠀⇛ Haiyu Li and Tingxi Huo of the MARQUES China Team introduce new Rules that are likely to be welcomed by IP right holders in China. On 30 July 2021, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) released in its Order No 44 The Rules on Administrating the Seriously Illicit or Dishonest List in Market Supervision and Administration, which take effect from 1 September 2021. The Rules are made to enhance credit supervision and administration and honest self- discipline. According to the Rules, parties that have received the AMR’s heavy penalties will be put into the Seriously Illicit or Dishonest List to be published through the national enterprise credit system and shared with other organs. [...] In particular, the list will include: unfair competition, trade secret infringement, willful IPR infringement, abnormal patent filing, bad-faith trade mark filing, and seriously illicit patent and trade mark agents. The Rules provide a list of factors to be thoroughly considered in deciding bad nature, serious scenarios and big social harms. These factors include: subjective bad faith, illicit frequency, duration, types of penalties, amounts of fines, product value, harm to people’s lives and health, asset loss and social influence, unless the relevant parties have sufficient evidence to prove the lack of subjective bad faith. The AMRs will decide whether to include the parties into the list when making decisions on administrative penalties and will publish the relevant information within 20 working days of decisions. The parties will be kept on the list for three years if no appeal or request for earlier removal is initiated. Listed parties will face stricter and more frequent inspections and cannot receive AMR awards. # ⚓ Nonfungible_tokens:_A_new_paradigm_for_intellectual property_assets? [Ed: There is no such thing as "intellectual property", but crypto 'currency' charlatans embrace the term anyway]⠀⇛ Nonfungible tokens, or NFTs, are digital records of the ownership of assets. The asset types most commonly associated with NFTs are digital assets, such as artwork like memes, GIFs, or gaming characters or properties. Assets represented by NFTs, however, may be digital, physical, tangible or intangible. Examples of asset types that have been transferred or that have had their ownership recorded utilizing NFTs include sports memorabilia, copyrights in music, artwork and real estate. Intellectual property assets and, specifically, the ownership and transfer of ownership of patents may also be recorded and transferred as NFTs. # ⚓ Intellectual_Property_Strategies_To_Best_Protect_Cannabis Related_Innovations [Ed: Cannabis monopolised by opportunists; from illegal to monopoly]⠀⇛ Current projections indicate that the cannabis industry will grow from $9.2 billion in 2017 to $47.3 billion in 2027[1]. Protection of intellectual property in this space is critical, particularly as large entities have slowly started to break in. For example, Coca-Cola has been in talks with Aurora Cannabis to develop drinks infused with CBD[2]. However, knowing how to best protect and defend cannabis innovations can be challenging. A patent is a grant of a property right to an inventor that allows the inventor to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling an invention. The three types of patents include: plant patents, utility patents, and design patents. [...] The most popular form of patent protection utilized in the cannabis space is the utility patent. Utility patents are commonly filed to protect methods of synthesis, compositions, processing steps, devices such as vaping devices, inhalers, transdermal, food and beverages, supplements etc. Utility patents are the most common form of patent protection for cannabis related inventions. Utility patents can be employed to protect innovations such as unique methods of extraction or synthesis as well as novel cannabis formulations such as formulations containing specific combinations of terpenes and cannabinoids. [...] Other forms of protections for inventors to contemplate as part of an overall intellectual property strategy include both trademark and trade secret protection. Trademark protection is frequently employed to protect unique company and product names and logos. Trade secret protection is strategically utilized in conjunction with patent protection to protect inventions that may not be ripe for patenting. Working with well-versed patent counsel to evaluate and strategically protect cannabis inventions is imperative. # ⚓ Conservatives_promise_to_cut_income_tax_for_new_technology staying_in_Canada⠀⇛ Conservative Party leader Erin O’Toole made a stop in Waterloo Wednesday morning, promising to cut the income tax rate in half for new patented technologies developed in Canada if his party were to be elected to lead in the next federal election. “Far too often, Canada loses some of our best and brightest to places with fewer barriers, and more opportunities,” O’Toole said. “Too many promising startups, move to the U.S., or sell to foreign investors with deep pockets, who can fund their growth.” [...] “Today’s policy announcement from the Conservative Party of Canada puts forward a serious plan for boosting the Canadian innovation economy. The focus on driving Canadian competitiveness in the 21st century demonstrates that the Conservative Party has listened to our members and understands the policies that would have a meaningful impact on the Canadian innovation ecosystem,” Benjamin Bergen, executive director of the Council of Canadian Innovators, said in a statement. If elected, O’Toole said the Conservatives would also invest $5 billion over the next five years to fund an advanced research agency looking at cutting edge technology. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Federal_Court_of_Appeal_upholds_decision_finding Seedling’s_LifeCard_patent_invalid_and_not_infringed_by Pfizer’s_EpiPen⠀⇛ On July 28, 2021, the Federal Court of Appeal (FCA) dismissed Seedling’s appeal from the Federal Court decision of Justice Grammond (2020 FC 1, previously reported), which concluded that certain claims of Seedling’s LifeCard patent, Patent No. 2,486,935 (935 Patent), were invalid and not infringed by Pfizer’s next generation EpiPen: Seedlings Life Science Ventures, LLC v Pfizer Canada ULC, 2021 FCA 154. The 935 patent relates to an auto-injection device, primarily used for the administration of epinephrine in treating symptoms of anaphylaxis. [...] The Federal Court also held that some claims were anticipated and obvious in view of earlier auto-injector patents. Seedlings argued that the trial judge (1) misunderstood the doctrine of approbation and reprobation (i.e., accepting Pfizer’s position that a prior patent did not anticipate its next generation EpiPen patent but anticipated Seedling’s patent), and (2) engaged in a tortured reading of the prior art (i.e., finding that a prior patent taught a needle shield with three positions rather than only two positions). The FCA agreed with the trial judge that the doctrine of approbation and reprobation does not apply to this case and found no reviewable error in the trial judge’s analysis. While Pfizer’s allegation of insufficiency was dismissed at trial, the FCA found that all relevant claims of the 935 patent were also insufficient based on the trial judge’s finding that a skilled person would not know how to make a device without certain elements described in the disclosure but which do not appear in the claims. # ⚓ Jury_awards_Optis_$300_million_in_second_patent_trial against_Apple [Ed: Rodney Gilstrap does it again; instead of delivering justice he treats his court like a corporation while ignoring law, case law, precedents, and common sense]⠀⇛ A U.S. jury on Friday awarded Optis Wireless Technology LLC and several related companies $300 million in damages after a second patent trial against iPhone maker Apple Inc (AAPL.O). A jury had previously found that Apple had infringed five Optis wireless standard essential patents and awarded $506 million in damages, but U.S. District Judge Rodney Gilstrap in Marshall, Texas, vacated that award in April and ordered a new trial to determine the amount of damages. In a statement, Apple said: “Optis makes no products and its sole business is to sue companies using patents they accumulate. We will continue to defend against their attempts to extract unreasonable payments for patents they acquire.” # ⚓ Adial_Pharmaceuticals_Awarded_U.S._and_International Patents_for_the_Treatment_Of_Alcohol_and_Opioid_Use Disorders_Using_AD04⠀⇛ # ⚓ Parliamentary_Standing_Committee’s_Recommendations Concerning_AI_and_IP:_A_Little_Late_or_Way_too_Early? [Ed: This buzzword disease of "HEY HI" has reached India as well]⠀⇛ Appreciating the growing importance of AI in various fields as well as its economic impact, the Parliamentary Standing Committee Report (hereinafter the Report) recommended the ‘revisiting of IPR legislations and implementing a strong IPR framework’ in order to ‘extract benefits from AI’. (Pg 38) The Report relying on a research report by Accenture stated that AI related innovations might add USD 957 billion to the Indian economy by 2035. The Report does propose a bigger picture, but fails short of discussing any real issues or providing any implementable suggestions. Many glaring issues presented by the Report have been previously discussed by Prof Scaria (here), Praharsh (here), Adyasha (here) and Namratha (here and here). In this post, I will be analysing the recommendations pertaining to the amendment of patent laws in order to facilitate inventorship and ownership by AI. I will be restricting the discussion to the evaluation of the Indian patent regime, as the implications of AI on Indian copyright law has been previously dealt with here. The Report has also recommended the amendment of Section 3(k) of the Patents Act, 1970 and this will be analysed in a future post. [...] The readers might remember that in 2017, Sophia, a robot was granted citizenship by Saudi Arabia. As great as this sounds, a robot lacks many qualities associated with humans, such as it does not have free will, interests or a soul. It is imprudent to give a robot or an AI the same rights as a human being, without properly examining the legal implications of the same. AI does not share the same attributes as humans, and perhaps, a different kind of legal status ought to be created keeping in mind their unique nature. The Report has also recommended that ‘a separate category of rights for AI and AI related inventions and solutions should be created for their protection as IPRs.’ (emphasis supplied) In 2017, the European Parliament adopted a resolution wherein they considered the possibility of a separate legal status for robots. They recommended: ‘creating a specific legal status for robots in the long run, so that at least the most sophisticated autonomous robots could be established as having the status of electronic persons responsible for making good any damage they may cause, and possibly applying electronic personality to cases where robots make autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently;’ (emphasis supplied) ‘Electronic persons’ or some other kind of special status will have to be created in order to accommodate AI within the existing system. A sui generis system seems like an ideal solution. # ⚓ The_rebuild [Ed: "former senior joint controller of patents and designs at the Indian Patent Office" somehow becomes "IP", which is not a meaningful legal term; Also, EPO is not EU, so this flag is misplaced]⠀⇛ The IP division at Delhi High Court may be a harbinger of a new era, but India would do well to look further afield for examples of best-practice IP dispute resolution, Argues KS Kardam, former senior joint controller of patents and designs at the Indian Patent Office The creation of the intellectual property division (IPD) within Delhi High Court is a significant step for efficiently handling IP matters in India. The IPD is consistent with the government’s 2016 national IPR policy, which prioritised improving India’s IP protection and enforcement systems. The IPD also aligns with global trends for the establishment of specialised tribunals. [...] Article 21 of the European Patent Convention has provisions for establishing boards of appeal within the jurisdiction of the European Patent Office (EPO). These boards of appeal are responsible for appeals from decisions of the receiving section, the examining divisions, the opposition divisions and the legal division. Depending on the type of appeal, technically qualified members may be required. For instance, appeals from decisions of the receiving section or the legal division require three legally qualified members on the board of appeal. For appeals from decisions of an examining division, a board of appeal consists of two technically qualified members, and one legally qualified member when the decision of refusal of a European patent application, or the grant, limitation, or revocation of a European patent, has been taken by an examining division consisting of fewer than four members. # ⚓ FOSS_Patents:_The_Federal_Patent_Court’s_six-month target_and_33-month_reality:_flawed_patent_reform straight_from_the_ivory_towers_of_Berlin⠀⇛ Throughout the German patent “reform” process, I focused myopically on access to injunctive relief. A few days ago, on the occasion of the start of operation of the Munich I Regional Court’s 44th Civil Chamber, I reiterated my belief that those who hoped to benefit from the new injunction statute (automotive, electronics, and telecommunications companies) are not going to pay less for patent royalties–they’re just going to spend more money on litigation. Pharmaceutical companies going after plagiarists will likely be fine, but they do have a risk because of the psychological pressure it may put on a court if an injunction allegedly deprives patients of access to life-saving medications (one could see those dynamics in this year’s political debate over access to COVID vaccines). What I treated with benign neglect was the second-most important part of the “reform” bill: the one that relates to stays of infringement proceedings pending parallel invalidation actions before the Federal Patent Court of Germany, the European Patent Office, or the German Patent & Trademark Office. But now that the measure has formally entered into force, it’s overdue to conduct an impact assessment. [...] Most of the people I talk to believe that there will be more. I’m not sure. My range of expectations goes from “no significant change” to “a slightly higher likelihood of stays.” And while it’s the least likely outcome, I seriously wouldn’t rule out that this statutory change could even hurt defendants on the bottom line, with preliminary opinions that help defendants coming down on a timely basis mostly in cases in which the infringement courts would likely have stayed the proceedings anyway, and with a significant number of complex cases now leading to preliminary opinions that favor patentees just because the court will want to err on the side of caution and would need a lot more time (and further briefing) before it would really have the confidence to express the opinion that a patent is likely invalid. Those “agenda-setting” preliminary opinions may very well dissuade the infringement courts from stays they’d have granted if there simply had been no preliminary opinion available at decision time. The one who will not be to blame are the judges serving on the Federal Patent Court’s nullity panels. Those judges know what kinds of companies lobbied for this bill. Their professional ethics will not allow them to intentionally disadvantage the automotive sector or Deutsche Telekom, nor do they have any reason to devalue any patents asserted against such companies by prematurely declaring them to be likely invalid. The six- month target is an utter stupidity. # ⚓ Hilco_NPE_attacks_Apple;_UPC_set_for_mid-2022;_Data- driven_healthcare_patent_surge;_Chip_crisis_requires_US innovation_reboot;_Dolby’s_Korean_SEP_fine;_plus_much more_|_IAM [Ed: IAM has once again interjected deliberate_UPC_lies_into_headlines]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Evaluating_the_restrictive_nature_of_amending_patent claims_in_India [Ed: Managing 'IP' is still taking money to reprinting self-promotional dross as 'articles']⠀⇛ Archana Shanker and Aastha Koolwal of Anand and Anand assess the strict interpretation of Section 59 of the Indian Patent Act and explore the limits of claim amendments allowed in India # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ TikTok_parent_company_joins_OIN⠀⇛ ByteDance, the parent company of social media platform TikTok, has joined Open Invention Network, OIN announced on Tuesday, August 17. OIN cross-licenses Linux System patents among over 3,500 members. The network helps businesses manage litigation risk from both operating companies and non- practising entities (NPEs). Lynn Wu, chief IP counsel at ByteDance in Beijing, said in a statement that the company viewed Linux and adjacent open-source software as key elements for its business. “ByteDance’s participation in the OIN community shows our consistent commitment to shared innovation. We will continue to support it with patent non-aggression in core Linux and other important OSS technologies.” Keith Bergelt, CEO of OIN, said in a statement that the network was glad that ByteDance was looking to do its part to mitigate global patent risk for open-source software by joining OIN, and demonstrating its commitment to collaborative innovation and patent non-aggression in open source. In February, ByteDance also joined the LOT Network, whose participants sign up for an agreement where if any member company ever sells a patent to an NPE, that patent will be licensed to all of the network’s signatories. # ⚓ MyMail,_Ltd._v._ooVoo,_LLC_(Fed._Cir._2021)⠀⇛ Two years ago, MyMail and ooVoo went to the mat in the Federal Circuit over claims that the District Court for the Northern District of California found ineligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101. Patent holder MyMail was able to convince two out of three judges on the Federal Circuit panel that the dispute between the parties regarding claim construction required a remand to the Distract Court. Now, with claims construed and once more found ineligible by the District Court judge, MyMail again appeals. [...] MyMail argued, somewhat circularly, that the “claims are instead directed to an improvement in the functionality of the software updating process . . . via a Pinger process or a MOT script.” But the Court found nothing in the specification that supported this notion, and stated that MyMail’s arguments regarding the alleged improvement were conclusory. Moving on to part two, the Court also found no inventive concept in the claims. In particular, the Court found the claimed computer components to be generic and their functions to be routine. The Court took a dim view toward the lack of specificity in how the claimed functions are performed, even when considered as an ordered combination in light of the claim construction. Finally, MyMail cited to its success in avoiding and overcoming prior art challenges at the PTAB. But MyMail pushed this too far, arguing that it was incorrect for the District Court to ignore those proceedings. The Court adopted reasoning that we have seen since 2014′s Ultramercial v. Hulu — that claims found novel and/or non- obvious do not automatically have an inventive concept. Instead, “a claim for a new abstract idea is still an abstract idea.” This aesthetically unsatisfying doctrine is best understood in terms of the three qualities noted above. Even if there was some daylight between the claimed invention and the prior art, this difference needs to be a specifically-claimed technical improvement. Since the Court found no technical improvement and implied that the claims were vague, at least two of the three qualities were missing. Thus, the Court found the claims to lack patentability under § 101. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Germany:_Additional_protection_for_Lindt’s_chocolate bunny⠀⇛ According to the German Federal Supreme Court’s decision of 29 July 2021 (Case I ZR 139/20) the gold-colored foil of Lindt’s chocolate bunny is protected by a trademark acquired through use. The Court lifted the decision of the Higher District Court Munich which had rejected an infringement action against a competing product denying trademark protection for the gold-colored foil. The case was remitted to the Higher District Court Munich for a new decision. The infringement action is another attempt by Lindt to enjoin competitors from marketing chocolate bunny products wrapped in gold foil. Efforts to obtain protection for the shape of the gold foil wrapped chocolate bunny as an EU trademark came to an end with the European Court of Justice’s decision denying trademark protection dated 24 May 2012 (case C-98/11 P). Attempts to enforce Lindt‘s EU trademark protecting the shape of the chocolate bunny including the wording “LINDT Goldhase” against competitor’s gold foil wrapped chocolate bunny finally failed in Germany due to lack of likelihood of confusion (Decision of Higher District Court Frankfurt dated 27.10.2011 in Case 6 U 10/ 03). [...] It will have to do this now following the Federal Supreme Court’s remittal which confirmed the existence of an unregistered abstract color mark in Lindt’s favor in relation to chocolate bunnies. The decision is not yet available in full. According to the Federal Supreme Court’s press release there was sufficient evidence that the golden foil of the Lindt Goldhase had acquired reputation as a trademark for chocolate bunnies among the relevant public. The survey submitted showed that the degree of association of the gold tone used for the foil in the field of chocolate bunnies with Lindt is over 70%, and thus clearly exceeds the required threshold of 50%. It confirmed that for proving reputation of an abstract color mark it is not required that the color is used as house mark on all or numerous products. Also, it does not speak against reputation of the gold color that it is used together with further design elements (specific shape, red collar with golden bell etc.). The fact that the golden color is also used for other chocolate bunnies must be examined in the context of likelihood of confusion. # ⚓ Around_the_IP_Blogs⠀⇛ Lindt’s bunnies are once again in the heart of trade mark case law [earlier instances were reported here and here by The IPKat]. The German Federal Supreme Court has ruled that the golden foil Lindt’s bunnies are protected by trade mark rights. Kluwer Trademark Blog reported here on this ruling. # ⚓ New_Balance_Claims_that_Michael_Kors_is_Infringing its_Famed_Trademarks_Via_Lookalike_Sneakers⠀⇛ In the midst of trademark battles in China, New Balance is policing its famous “N” and the source-identifying design of its 574 sneaker in the U.S., with the sneaker-maker filing suit against Michael Kors, arguing that the fashion brand “recently began using an N design on footwear that is virtually identical and confusingly similar to” its own mark, as well as the trade dress-protected design of its 574 sneakers. According to the complaint that it filed in a federal court in Massachusetts on Wednesday, New Balance claims that Kors’ “intentional adoption of a letter N on footwear is likely to cause confusion among consumers and/or suggest an affiliation, connection, or association [with] New Balance” when no such affiliation exists. Setting the stage in the newly-filed complaint, New Balance assets that it has “exclusively used the letter N as a trademark on footwear since the 1970s,” selling “hundreds of millions of pairs of shoes bearing N Marks worldwide, which represent many billions of dollars in sales.” Beyond the N trademark, alone, New Balance assets that it has made “long-standing and widespread use of the N Mark with saddle device, and the 574 trade dress,” the latter of which is the company’s “best-selling shoe worldwide, with sales of more than 7,000,000 pairs projected in 2021. It is one of the most popular athletic shoe designs sold by any manufacturer in the world.” # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ TorrentFreak_News_Article_Targeted_by_Dubious_‘DRM Circumvention_Complaint⠀⇛ The American Society of Composers has asked Google to remove hundreds of URLs from its search results. The flagged pages are accused of ‘circumventing DRM’ but the anti-piracy outfit casts its net too wide. One of the reported links points to a TorrentFreak news article about a DRM circumvention lawsuit. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4613 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/8/2021:_GTK_4.4,_Sailfish_OS-Like_UI,_and_New_Linux_FUD⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:55 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Memory_Folios_Pull_Request_Pending_For_Linux_5.15_– Phoronix⠀⇛ With the Linux 5.15 kernel merge window likely opening next week, Matthew Wilcox of Oracle has already sent in a prominent pull request to Linus Torvalds: the initial work around landing of the memory folios patches. Memory folios is part of the effort for improving Linux memory management by introducing a new “folio” struct to help manage memory by allowing file-systems and the page cache to manage memory in chunks larger than the kernel page size. # ⚓ Happy_30th_Anniversary_Linux!_How_We_Got_To_Know_Ya [Ed: GNU/Linux (which many wrongly call “Linux”) is turning_38]⠀⇛ August 25 marks the 30th anniversary of the release of a free computer operating system that revolutionized nearly every industry and helped spread the open-source movement globally. First came the software kernel that made it possible for the creation of the initial Linux distributions. Then came more new computing platforms by other software developers encouraged to expand that concept. Today, there are literally hundreds upon hundreds of Linux distros (the industry-wide nickname) of popular and well-known Linux OSes from which to choose. They are joined by many more obscure Linux choices loved by passionate users. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Ulauncher:_A_Super_Useful_Application_Launcher_for_Linux⠀⇛ Brief: Ulauncher is a fast application launcher with extension and shortcut support to help you quickly access application and files in Linux. An application launcher lets you quickly access or open an app without hovering over the application menu icons. By default, I found the application launcher with Pop!_OS super handy. But, not every Linux distribution offers an application launcher out-of- the-box. Fortunately, there is a solution with which you can add the application launcher to most of the popular distros out there. # ⚓ gThumb_Image_Viewer_&_Organizer_3.11.4_Adds_AVIF/HEIF Support_[PPA]⠀⇛ The GNOME image viewer and organizer app, gThumb 3.11.4 was released! PPA updated with Ubuntu 18.04, Ubuntu 20.04, Ubuntu 21.04, and upcoming Ubuntu 21.10 support. Thanks to libheif library, the new release introduced HEIF file format support, so it can now handle photos imported from your iOS devices. Also AVIF, an image file format specification for storing images or image sequences compressed with AV1 in the HEIF file format is supported, and you can save file as AVIF. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_install_Zorin_OS_16_core_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Zorin OS 16. # ⚓ How_To_Install_GParted_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install GParted on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Gparted (also known as GNOME partition editor) is a free partitioning tool. The package is used to manage disk partitions and can also be used for creating partition tables as well. We advise you to exercise due caution before executing any tasks through GParted. Any inadvertent error may lead to data loss. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the GParted (GNOME partition editor) on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ How_to_use_Manjaro_on_Raspberry_Pi_4⠀⇛ Manjaro Linux is a derivative of Arch Linux that attempts to make using Arch easier and more stable. Due to this design philosophy, Manjaro is one of the most popular Linux distros on PC. However, it is also available on the Raspberry Pi 4. Here’s how to set it up on your Pi 4. # ⚓ Linux_101:_How_to_create_a_compressed_archive_of_a_folder from_the_CLI_with_zip_–_TechRepublic⠀⇛ Recently, I showed you how to create compressed archives from the Linux command-line using the tar command. This time I want to demonstrate the same task, but using a tool you’re probably already familiar with. The tool in question is zip, and it creates compressed zip files from whatever you throw at it. So, let’s say you have the folder TEST and you want to create the compressed file TEST.zip so you can send it to a colleague. Fortunately, Linux can use the zip tool, but first, you might have to install it with a command like sudo apt-get install zip - y or sudo dnf install zip -y. Once installed, zip is ready to go. Let’s compress that TEST folder. How you create the zipped file isn’t quite as simple as you might think. The basic command is zip NAME.zip NAME (where NAME is the name of the folder to be compressed). However, if you simply issued the command zip TEST.zip TEST, you’d wind up with a file named TEST.zip, but after uncompressing it, you’d find it’s missing the contents. # ⚓ How_to_Install_JIRA_on_CentOS_8_Linux_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ JIRA is a project management tool developed by Atlassian. It is also used for issue tracking and bug tracking related to your software development and other Projects. This guide will walk you through the installation Jira on CentOS 8 / RHEL 8 Linux. # ⚓ How_to_read_Hacker_News_on_the_Linux_desktop⠀⇛ Hackgregator is a desktop reading application for the news website Hacker News. With Hackgregator, it is possible to read the news from this site on the Linux desktop. Here’s how to set it up on your system. # ⚓ Raspberry_PI_headless_setup_with_the_Raspberry_PI_Imager_– PragmaticLinux⠀⇛ Planning on running your Raspberry PI system as a server? In this article I’ll show you how you can setup your Raspberry PI as a headless system. So one without a monitor, keyboard and mouse. Thanks to the relatively new Raspberry PI Imager software it is quick and easy to perform such a Raspberry PI headless setup. Especially if you know how to access the hidden advanced options screen of the Raspberry PI Imager software. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Wine_Reflink_Support_Continues_To_Be_Worked_On_For Significant_Space_Savings_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Last month I wrote about the proposed reflink support for Wine that would provide significant space savings for those having multiple Windows games/applications on Linux installed where Wine and derivatives like Crossover and Steam Play (Proton) generally maintain a separate “prefix” per software installation. Fortunately, that reflink support continues to be worked on for Wine where it can lead to savings up to several hundred megabytes per Wine prefix. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ First-person_psychological_horror_\SPEK.TAKL\_–_Banned Edition_is_out_now⠀⇛ A new and improved paid version of an older first- person psychological horror, \SPEK.TAKL\ – Banned Edition, is out now on itch.io and was apparently too much for Valve. I have to admit, my own curiosity gets piqued whenever Valve decided to outright refuse a game to be on their store, considering how just …outrageous some games are that are accepted onto Steam. # ⚓ Tower_shields_in_Valheim_will_be_a_lot_more_useful_in_the Hearth_&_Home_update_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Another week and another short video from Iron Gate to give a quick look into some changes. This week it’s all about shields and how different they will be. We’ve already seen the food changes and the blocking / staggering changes, which paired up with the newly tweaked shield mechanics definitely will make combat feel totally different. Tower shields will see a big buff with a lot more knock-back, making it a tanks best friend. The Buckler will let you parry oncoming strikes, while the regular round shields will be a “balanced” choice for a regular fighter. # ⚓ [Thrive]_Devblog_#29:_Shining_Cell_Colonies⠀⇛ This month’s update brings some long awaited bug fixes to our favorite cell collecting feature, binding agents, to provide a much more enjoyable and stable cell colony experience. In addition this release will allow you to carry over your old cells from the previous version, allowing you to continue where you left off without starting anew. Keep yourself alert, because our upgraded autoevo algorithm will ensure that rival species will be much more adaptable and capable to better compete with you, while our reworked spawn system will ensure that you find a healthy balance of the compounds you need to thrive. Finally, to put the cherry on top, we have new wonderful graphical improvements to make our cells truly shine, as well as giving our familiar iron chunks a new textured look. This, and much more await you in our latest release! [...] However in order for this to happen, all past contributors to Thrive must sign our CLA form in order for Thrive to conform to steam’s policies. If any past contributors have questions or are interested in signing the CLA, please contact us for further information on how to do so. # ⚓ Spore_but_with_lots_more_science,_Thrive_has_a_new_release out_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Thrive is a free and open source evolution sim, a bit like the early stages of Spore and there’s a new release out. With Thrive 0.5.5 their focus has been on improving everything that’s already there with big bug fixes. So this means no big new features but it does make a better and more interesting game to play through. # ⚓ Non-linear_interactive_fiction_Blackout:_The_Darkest_Night is_out_now_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ MiniChimera Game Studio has released Blackout: The Darkest Night, a very stylish interactive fiction (visual novel) adventure. Inspired by White Wolf’s World of Darkness, H.P. Lovecraft and unique TV shows like Twin Peaks. From what the developer explains Blackout is a game about hidden monsters and hidden fears, and ultimately about overcoming the worst adversary: one’s true self. “You play as a man who finds himself lost in a dark street somewhere in the city of New Wenders. It doesn’t take long before you start having flashbacks and regaining your memory. Something terrible happened, and you were part of it. This event somehow opened your eyes to a whole new world that has been hiding beneath the shadows.” o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ Become_More_Productive_on_Linux_With_i3_Tiling_Window Manager⠀⇛ If you’ve been using Linux for a while, you might have wondered about the sheer number of Linux distributions and desktop environments out there. The Linux kernel that powers all these distributions is modular and does not have a one- size-fits-all philosophy around it. Traditionally, most Linux distributions come with a user-friendly desktop environment such as GNOME or XFCE at the cost of higher memory and CPU usage. But if you’re a power user looking to be more productive with Linux, consider having a look at window managers like i3 instead. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Not_great,_but_usable’:_GNOME_desktop_boots_on_Asahi Linux_for_Apple_M1⠀⇛ A member of the Asahi Linux team has shown the GNOME desktop running on the Apple M1 chip, reporting that it is “not great, but usable.” Alyssa Rosenweig, who has been working on reverse engineering the Apple M1 GPU since January, has now posted a screenshot of “GNOME Shell on the Apple M1, bare metal.” A terminal in the shot shows that it is running a pre-release of the 5.14 Linux kernel, Debian Linux, and GNOME 3.38.4. “No, it’s not GPU accelerated,” she said, adding: “Honestly, it’s usable. Not great, but usable, on a near mainline kernel. If ‘missing most drivers’ is this snappy, when everything is done @AsahiLinux will run like a dream on these machines.” # ⚓ GTK_4.4⠀⇛ GTK 4.4.0 is now available for download in the usual places. Here are some highlights of the work that has gone into it. The NGL renderer has continued to see improvements. This includes speedups, fixes for transformed rendering, avoiding huge intermediate textures, and correct handling of partial color fonts. After some help from driver developers, NGL now works correctly with the Mali driver. We are planning to drop the original GL renderer in the next cycle. Outside of GSK, our OpenGL setup code has been cleaned up and simplified. We increasingly rely on EGL, and require EGL 1.4 now. On X11 we use EGL, falling back to GLX if needed. On Windows, we default to using WGL. # ⚓ GTK_4.4_Released_With_Continued_NGL_Improvements, Inspector_By_Default⠀⇛ GTK 4.4 is out as the latest stable update to the GTK4 open-source toolkit. GTK 4.4 saw a lot of work still going into its new NGL renderer. There are more performance improvements for the NGL renderer, various rendering fixes, support for the Arm Mali driver, and more. The prior OpenGL renderer for GTK is expected to be dropped this next release cycle with only NGL support in place. # ⚓ Alejandro_Domínguez:_Multi-account_support_in Fractal-next:_GSoC_final_report⠀⇛ After another month of work and getting a bit of a deeper hang of some GTK4 mechanisms like GtkExpression, the 2021 edition of Google Summer of Code comes to an end. In previous posts I explained my journey towards being able to implement an account switcher, using the new ListModel machinery in the end. While I already worked on Fractal in 2020, this time I did my task over a clean slate, given that a complete rewrite of Fractal was started. The design outlined by Tobias Bernard has been implemented as he said, with the exception of multi-window support. However, it is not fully functional yet given the appearance of two weird bugs. The most notable one is that when clicking over any user entry it does not change the GtkStack page even though the signal handler calls the appropriate method. Initially it worked right, but this bug got in the code out of nowhere in the middle of the development process. Another issue is that multiple user entries in the switcher can appear as selected at the same time. Both problems have been diagnosed for days both by me and Julian Sparber and we found nothing clear. We are not even sure if we are hitting a bug in GTK4. I will update this section when we discover what’s going on and fix the issues. Once that is tackled, the main MR will be merged and this work will be part of Fractal. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Slackware Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Easy-Slackware_15.0_RC1_experiment⠀⇛ A couple of intense days getting there, finally booted “Easy Slack” to a desktop, built from Slackware 15.0 RC1 binary packages. A snapshot: After all that effort, have decided to take it no further. Various reasons… Slackware is supposed to be “lean and mean” and I expected the final easy-*.img.gz file to be small, at least smaller than the Easy- Buster Debian-based build. But, it is 610MB, bigger. The Slackware repository is quite small. SalixOS have some extras, but important packages are missing, such as LibreOffice and Inkscape. Perhaps they intend to add them? To fill the gaps of missing packages, I used some from Easy Dunfell-series, those compiled by me in OpenEmbedded. But ran into library version hell. Simply creating symlinks to libraries of a different version is very iffy. Anyway, got a desktop, wifi works. Sakura terminal works, but the “back arrow” key deposits strange characters on the screen. Perhaps because sakura is from Dunfell and vte is from Slackware repo, with a vte library version mismatch. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ How,_where_and_why_telco_is_using_enterprise_open source⠀⇛ While the telecommunications industry is familiar with enterprise open source—95% of our survey respondents are already using it—it also stands at an inflection point with the rise of edge computing, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) and the rapid deployment of 5G. According to “The State of Enterprise Open Source” report we published earlier this year, open source will continue to play an important role in the future of telecommunications. With data collected from 13 countries, the report shows a picture of how, where, and why IT leaders across the globe and a range of sectors use enterprise open source. Let’s see how it’s positioning telecommunications providers to keep up with their technology revolution. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Just_a_Blog:_Clojure_CLI_Tools_in_Debian_–_GSoC_2021 Partial_Evaluation_Report⠀⇛ According to my original proposal, I should have completed all four tasks during Coding I. Looking back, the main lesson from these past weeks is a known classic: my timeline was too optimistic: I definitely underestimated the difficulty of the packaging process. Out of the four tasks, I only finished the first one. # ⚓ Just_a_Blog:_Clojure_CLI_Tools_in_Debian_–_GSoC_2021 Final_Report⠀⇛ Whereas the raw data may not sound by itself very positive, my personal conclusion is. This is, whereas I didn’t fully finish the required deliverables envisioned in my original proposal, I do feel I am much closer to, eventually, becoming a Debian Developer. So, by all means, I consider this project has had a positive outcome. # ⚓ Upgrade_Debian_10_Buster_to_Debian_11_Bullseye:_A Step-by-Step_Guide ⠀⇛ This step-by-step tutorial is going to show you how to safely upgrade Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye from command line. On on August 14th, 2021 the Debian project has finally released a stable version of Debian 11 Bullseye after over 2 years of development. It is comes with a lot of new features as most of the software in this version has been updated. Debian 11 will receive support for the next 5 years just like any other Debian stable version. Let’s now focus on how you can upgrade from Debian 10 Buster to Debian 11 Bullseye. The upgrade process is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes_Fully_Managed_–_half_the_cost_of_AWS⠀⇛ How can you run a fully managed Kubernetes in a private cloud at half the cost of Amazon EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service)? # ⚓ The_State_of_Robotics_–_July_2021⠀⇛ From autonomous mobile robots to robot butlers. It is impressive to see how much progress has been made in the last decade. Thanks to our open source robotics community we keep learning, and this newsletter is filled with events, R&D updates, new products and tutorials for you. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Module_serves_up_Qualcomm’s_robotics-focused_QRB5165_SoC⠀⇛ Lantronix has an “Open-Q 5165RB” module that runs Linux on Qualcomm’s robotics-focused QRB5165 SoC. A companion “Open-Q 865 SOM development kit” works with the QRB5165 SoC or any other Open-Q 865 family SOM. Lantronix has announced its Open-Q 5165RB, a tiny (50 x 29mm) production-ready computing system-on- module) SOM based on Qualcomm’s QRB5165 SoC. The QRB5165 is a robotics-oriented variant of the Qualcomm’s Snapdragon 865. Along with the module, Lantronix has rolled out the Open-Q 865 SOM development kit as a companion to the Open-Q 5165RB SOM. The dev it consists of an open-frame carrier board compatible with the 5165RB SOM, exposing all of its available I/O. The products support Ubuntu 18.04 Linux. # § Sailfish OS-Like⠀➾ # ⚓ Cutie_Shell_is_a_mobile_phone_UI_inspired_by_Sailfish OS⠀⇛ There are a growing number of user interfaces or shells for mobile Linux distributions. Some of the most popular include Phosh (developed by Purism), Plasma Mobile (from the folks who make KDE), and Lomiri (from the UBPorts/Ubuntu Touch team). But there’s also Sxmo, Hildon, Glacier, and others. Now you can add one more to the list: Cutie Shell. It’s a new mobile phone shell with a design that’s inspired by user interface for Sailfish OS – an operating system that’s based on open source software, but which has a proprietary UI. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Nokia_3.4_finally_gets_the_Android_11_update_– NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_11_is_now_live_for_the_unlocked_Galaxy_A20_in the_USA_–_SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_iQOO_8_flagship_Android_series_is_going_global, albeit_with_some_compromises_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Get_the_ROG_Phone_5s_live_wallpapers_on_any_Android phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_7_Best_Wireless_Earbuds_for_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_remove_Google_Meet_tab_on_Gmail_for_desktop, Android,_iOS_|_HT_Tech⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Data@Mozilla:_This_Week_in_Glean:_Why_choosing the_right_data_type_for_your_metric_matters [Ed: Mozilla says, Firefox doesn't always spy on you; but when it does, the spyware is outsource to Microsoft's proprietary software prison, run by NSA veterans]⠀⇛ One of my favorite tasks that comes up in my day to day adventure at Mozilla is a chance to work with the data collected by this amazing Glean thing my team has developed. This chance often arises when an engineer needs to verify something, or a product manager needs a quick question answered. I am not a data scientist (and I always include that caveat when I provide a peek into the data), but I do understand how the data is collected, ingested, and organized and I can often guide people to the correct tools and techniques to find what they are looking for. In this regard, I often encounter challenges in trying to read or analyze data that is related to another common task I find myself doing: advising engineering teams on how we intend Glean to be used and what metric types would best suit their needs. A recent example of this was a quick Q&A for a group of mobile engineers who all had similar questions. My teammate chutten and I were asked to explain the differences between Counter Metrics and Event Metrics, and try and help them understand the situations where each of them were the most appropriate to use. It was a great session and I felt like the group came away with some deeper understanding of the Glean principles. But, after thinking about it afterwards, I realized that we do a lot of hand-wavy things when explaining why not to do things. Even in our documentation, we aren’t very specific about the overhead of things like Event Metrics. For example, from the Glean documentation section regarding “Choosing a Metric Type” in a warning about events: # ⚓ Reflection:_Embracing_My_Undulating_Image [Ed: Mozilla is completely off topic again]⠀⇛ Angle your head between two mirrors and watch yourself watching yourself for a while. I never understood what my 7- year-old self loved about it. Sandwiched between two floor-length mirrors, I would pretend that the little Black girls dancing behind me in an accordion-like formation were my back up, my chorus. Now I feel suffocated by the memory of cascading versions of myself, recessing further than my eyes could trace. In a hyper- online world, this feeling is mirrored in the way I see my image read, projected, and thrust back to me by unflinching algorithms and ever- reflective screens. As a result of the pandemic, I went into my final year of college waging a fervent war against my own loneliness. Like most, I clung to my devices as a way of digging my feet (or, in this case, the ever active thumb) into a world that was increasingly out of physical reach. I dragged my eyes down timelines, devoted daily scrolls to TikTok, and stared longingly at my explore page until it blurred into an addictive, multicolored collage. A host of unknown companies were learning me everyday via the internet, which had become my lounge, workplace, and school. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL_Weekly_News_–_August_22,_2021⠀⇛ PostgreSQL Weekly News is brought to you this week by David Fetter # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Guia_do_Writer_7.1_is_finally_here.⠀⇛ Translation courtesy of Timothy Brennan Jr. Brazilian computer users in general, the community of Brazilian free software users and supporters, and of LibreOffice in particular, have received quite the gift today: the Brazilian LibreOffice documentation team proudly announces the publication of the Guia do Writer 7.1, the most complete Writer word processor guide for the best free software office suite, the LibreOffice Community. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Python_Datetime_Module⠀⇛ The datetime module provides classes for manipulating dates and times. There can be numerous applications that require processing dates and times. The datetime module is very useful for dealing with different types of dates and times format. The date and time objects can be either categorized as aware or naive depending on whether or not they include timezone information. An aware object can identify itself relative to other time objects with the help of other parameters such as timezone and daylight saving information. A naive object on the other hand doesn’t contain enough information to identify itself to other date/time objects. Datetime objects have an optional timezone information attribute tzinfo which we will cover later. The tzinfo lets us handle offset from UTC time, timezone name and whether daylight saving time is in effect. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Hacking_the_computer_with_wirewraps_and_soldering_irons:_Just_fix the_issues_as_they_come_up,_right?⠀⇛ Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was a timesharing operating system that dated back to the 1960s, and was therefore still very much in vogue at the time of our tale. It dynamically linked pretty much everything, and its influence can still be found lurking in the code of today. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ New_Radio_Image_of_Andromeda_Galaxy_Is_the_Most-Detailed Ever_Captured⠀⇛ Scientists have published a new, detailed radio image of the Andromeda galaxy – the Milky Way’s sister galaxy – which will allow them to identify and study the regions of Andromeda where new stars are born. The study – which is the first to create a radio image of Andromeda at the microwave frequency of 6.6 GHz – was led by University of British Columbia physicist Sofia Fatigoni, with colleagues at Sapienza University of Rome and the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics. It was published online in Astronomy and Astrophysics. “This image will allow us to study the structure of Andromeda and its content in more detail than has ever been possible,” said Fatigoni, a PhD student in the department of physics and astronomy at UBC. “Understanding the nature of physical processes that take place inside Andromeda allows us to understand what happens in our own galaxy more clearly – as if we were looking at ourselves from the outside.” # ⚓ We_spoke_to_a_Stanford_prof_on_the_tech_and_social_impact of_AI’s_powerful,_emerging_‘foundation_models’_•_The Register⠀⇛ Even if you haven’t heard of “foundation models” in AI, you’ve probably encountered one or more of them in some way. They could be rather pivotal for the future of not only machine learning and computer science but also society as a whole. Foundation models are called this because they are the base upon which myriad applications can be built, and issues at the foundation level could therefore have repercussions on the software and services we use. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Freaks_and_Geeks’_actor_Jerry_Messing_on_ventilator_after catching_coronavirus⠀⇛ Speaking to TMZ, the former child star’s father James said Messing was transported to hospital on Monday night (August 16) where he tested positive for COVID-19. According to James, his son is “struggling to survive” and nobody is allowed to visit him. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Entrapment⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Worst’_AWS_service_ever?_Cloud_giant introduces_Redis-compatible_MemoryDB_–_to mixed_response⠀⇛ AWS has introduced MemoryDB, a Redis-compatible database manager that combines in-memory performance with persistence. Redis (Remote Dictionary Server) is an in-memory key-value database manager sometimes thought of as a cache – but MemoryDB uses a distributed transactional log so that the database is durable as well as fast. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Monday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (ffmpeg, ircii, and scrollz), Fedora (kernel, krb5, libX11, and rust- actix-http), Mageia (kernel and kernel- linus), openSUSE (aspell, chromium, dbus-1, isync, java-1_8_0-openjdk, krb5, libass, libhts, libvirt, prosody, systemd, and tor), SUSE (cpio, dbus-1, libvirt, php7, qemu, and systemd), and Ubuntu (inetutils). # ⚓ Top_15_Vulnerabilities_Attackers_Exploited Millions_of_Times_to_Hack_Linux_Systems [Ed: This headline is false; it conflates attempts with successful cracking, and it wrongly attributes everything to "Linux"; this isn't "Hacker News" but Microsoft spin/deflection]⠀⇛ Close to 14 million Linux-based systems are directly exposed to the Internet, making them a lucrative target for an array of real-world attacks that could result in the deployment of malicious web shells, coin miners, ransomware, and other trojans. That’s according to an in-depth look at the Linux threat landscape published by U.S.-Japanese cybersecurity firm Trend Micro, detailing the top threats and vulnerabilities affecting the operating system in the first half of 2021, based on data amassed from honeypots, sensors, and anonymized telemetry. # ⚓ Trend_Micro’s_Linux_Threat_Report_identifies the_most_vulnerable_distributions_and_biggest security_headaches [Ed: ZDNet/TechRepublic (Microsoft propaganda mill) joins anti-Linux FUD frenzy]⠀⇛ Linux now has been around long enough that old versions are causing security problems, according to a new report from Trend Micro. Security analysts found that 44% of security breach detections came from CentOS versions 7.4 to 7.9, followed by CloudLinux Server, which had more than 40% of the detections, and Ubuntu with almost 7%. CentOS 7 was first released in June 2014 and full support ended in August 2019. # ⚓ Kubernetes_hardening:_Drilling_down_on_the_NSA/ CISA_guidance [Ed: Far too much back doors proponents' influence inside Kubernetes (Microsoft, Google, IBM...), so this bundle of complexity is unlikely to yield real rather than perceived security gains]⠀⇛ Kubernetes has become the de facto choice for container orchestration. Some studies report that up to 88% of organizations are using Kubernetes for their container orchestration needs and 74% of that occurring in production environments. That said, security remains a critical concern with as many as 94% of organizations reporting at least one security incident in their Kubernetes environments in the last 12 months. As organizations continue to adopt Kubernetes, it is crucial that they follow industry best practices and guidance to ensure they are using Kubernetes securely. One great resource is the Kubernetes Hardening Guidance recently published by the US National Security Agency (NSA) and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). # ⚓ Real-time_Analytics_News_for_Week_Ending_August 21_–_RTInsights⠀⇛ Ubuntu received the FIPS 140-2, Level 1 certification for its cryptographic modules in Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, including OpenSSL 1.1.1. This certification is built on Canonical’s track record in designing Ubuntu for high security and regulated workloads that powers U.S government agencies, prime contractors, service providers, and organizations in regulated industries, including healthcare and finance. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Can_Facebook’s_$1_bn_gamble_help_it regain_lost_cool?⠀⇛ Like internet personalities the world over, Kenyan TikTok comedian Mark Mwas was intrigued when Facebook announced a $1 billion (R14 billion) plan to pay content creators like him. But the 25-year-old, whose following surged past 160,000 as entertainment-starved Kenyans flocked to the app during the pandemic, is skeptical that fans would follow him to the older social network. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Gemini,_the_alternative_protocol_to_HTTP_that_promotes_a lighter_and_more_secure_Internet,_more_based_on_text_than multimedia⠀⇛ A few weeks in the past, after we mentioned the historical past of Gopher in Genbeta, the protocol that dominated the Web within the early 1990s — shortly earlier than the arrival (and triumph) of the HTTP protocol and the World Broad Net — we talked about that there have been these as we speak who wished to maintain this know-how alive and that even some builders that they had set to work to create a successor: the Gemini protocol. Gemini followers suggest this protocol not as one thing that may exchange the present WWW, however in its place that claims what it might have been, in comparison with the present one which they understand as heavy, insecure, loaded with artifacts, promoting and consumer surveillance techniques, depending on the APIs of assorted centralizing platforms. # ⚓ WEB@30:_The_Register_pokes_around_historical_hardware_of the_WWW⠀⇛ Double-u, double-u, double-u. “The World Wide Web is the only thing I know of whose shortened form takes three times longer to say than what it’s short for,” as the great Douglas Adams once said. But for those who fancy eyeballing exhibits from acoustic couplers and coffee-cams to dot-matrix printers and cartoon badgers in the venerable author’s home town, WEB@30 Cambridge is well worth a look. The exhibition, which runs until the start of September, occupies a vacant store in Cambridge’s Grand Arcade, and gives passers-by the opportunity to get hands on with some delightfully retro hardware in a celebration of the 30th anniversary of the World Wide Web. # ⚓ International_Hashtag_Day:_secrets_and_curiosities_of_the “chat_generator”_on_the_networks⠀⇛ Along with the vueltitas of the arroba, the numeral stomp among the symbols of the digital age. So much so that it has its own day on the calendar: every August 23 the International Day of Hashtag, an initiative promoted by Twitter in 2018 and that pays tribute to this conversation generator and topic grouper. To join us in the festivities, in this note from TN Tecno We propose to review the secrets and curiosities of the hashtag. We will talk about the names that he has received and still receives, his life before Twitter, and some of the milestones he achieved to establish himself as a must-see on social networks. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Obviousness_of_a_Design_Patent⠀⇛ Obviousness of a design patent is governed by 35 U.S.C. 103, just like utility patents. However, the methodology is a bit different. Importantly, the Federal Circuit suggests that the obviousness inquiry should begin with a primary reference whose whose “design characteristics … are basically the same as the claimed design” and that creates “basically the same visual impression.” That primary reference can then be combined with other references to fill in gaps that would have been obvious in order to create the “same overall visual appearance as the claimed design.” Apple v. Samsung (Fed. Cir. 2012). # ⚓ Relay_Medical_Joint_Spectroscopic_and_Biosensor System_for_Point-of-Care_Testing_Patent_Granted_in Europe [Ed: Do they realise that EPO_grants_loads_of junk_patents_these_days]⠀⇛ ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5902 ➮ Generation completed at 02:40, i.e. 44 seconds to (re)generate ⟲