𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, August 28, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sun 29 Aug 02:40:12 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmNxGTwQ4Jqei88THW4dMGEZoRKbJsm6pBPtpAahou3GQi QmXBU6oKqgN1Lsd8vCX9iBHiUi66fm8iL3uXsJgyh4LH33 QmW2EY2r5wFnfosCfi1BSdBM7GSdTj92HYk4q7e3g7b9WR QmSkz4YGj3vTuC8Q6t7fPmQkSbvtThba65AHUjyotSbHLW QmWZ187KL1KiuWZ2T69aUFqaDmvDMVo7e6ALsQCK58yNP1 QmY1VJmnrgnvD1UeZntn4kd7Q7Jkehp6eqZHBkGEiqnTdi QmaFyToU47jF5UkU2CTtva1HKGz8X6fJ9MiRnoN9EVF2PR QmfBw8KjEL4jUBLnCDfDMTME9vkCdKPKjn6wFninkuMEkV QmPdYmkA2hjyfyb9e14JCR2pZHcisLHLdZcWJARrrMyhgf Qmb89E6YUPLiH43tv6JNBD4QzFumg2nk2gABmYEbbPv2KP QmXVwu1HjvyJZ3HSFKoFGkBp26Y9G8sfvY6NBAe4KoK6Kp QmTLQpRMfp5Xuv2kMCWwSjxTme9kskdKXqZpqfxd5zsmov QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV QmYGEn3vvtL9MNwJ6i1VEHszMRzevprL1qcHGvx2WA4383 QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ QmZUUdzxkRTs82iUy2v4eYvj82bQspLfqR1XFp3uBCrVP6 QmdX2s2SqVdLGeDkdkKttPs5yTYJsLmp17uRadMNJPA8o7 QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ [Meme] Appointing Dictators for Life | Techrights ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part VI – “A Good Friend of Estonia and a Steady Cooperation Partner” | Techrights ⦿ Buying Elections at the Expense of the Finnish Taxpayers | Techrights ⦿ IBM Cannot Possibly Recover by Attacking the Software Community and Alienating Geeks | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, August 27, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Mr. Casino Martti Enäjärvi | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Smoking Päts | Techrights ⦿ Finnish Patent and Registration Office (PRH) Governed by a Criminal for Two Decades | Techrights ⦿ 5 Months Later People Still Remove Their Names From the Slanderous Anti-RMS Petition, Managed by IBM Staff | Techrights ⦿ Convicted Fraudster ’in Charge’ of Patent Delegations From Four Nations? | Techrights ⦿ About Half of the Supposed ’Growth’ in Patents is Abstract Stuff or ‘Software-Related’ (Patents That Courts Would Quite Likely Reject) | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/baltic-dictators-for-life/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/estonia-matti-and-martti/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/fixing-the-elections/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/ibm-alienating-geeks/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/irc-log-270821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/meme-mr-casino-martti-enajarvi/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/potztausend/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/preview-baltic-states/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/rms-petition-self-purge/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/stacking-the-deck-epo/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/swpats-crisis/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/debconf21-closes/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/wine-6-16/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/wine-staging-6-16/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 79 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/baltic-dictators-for-life/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/baltic-dictators-for-life/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Appointing_Dictators_for_Life⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇In_Soviet_Russia,_Select_Committee_appoints_you!⦈_ Summary: Teaser/spoiler about what’s coming up next (in “EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part VII”) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⣛⢟⣻⡿⣻⣛⢟⣛⡻⣛⢛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⢟⣛⣛⢟⣛⡛⣛⣛⢛⣛⣛⢛⡛⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⡟⢷⣍⢸⣿⣿⢿⣼⡇⣿⣿⡧⡊⣿⣾⢸⡧⣟⢸⣿⡇⠻⣮⡙⢷⣍⢸⣇⡟⣷⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣹⣧⣿⣷⣟⣘⡿⣏⣸⣿⣀⣿⣻⣷⣁⣿⣿⣸⣇⣿⣸⠿⣇⣻⢾⣛⡷⢟⣸⣿⣏⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠉⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣰⣯⣅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⠟⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⠁⡀⠀⣂⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⢻⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣦⠀⣻⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣾⣿⠃⠉⢿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡗⠘⠉⠁⠀⣀⣄⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠋⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠿⠟⠋⣀⣵⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣴⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣶⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⠭⠿⠿⡿⢁⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻ ⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⣀ ⢏⢟⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣜⣄⠍⠋⢀⣈⡙⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣀⣀⠂⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⢑⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣀⡇⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢭⣍⡑⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⠀⢿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣛⡿⣛⢛⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⡭⣝⣏⣿⣿⢹⡶⣮⣷⣼⡇⣿⢹⣿⣿ ⣧⣻⠷⢺⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠀⢀⠀⠋⠈⠀⢺⣿⣿⡇⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⣛⡛⣛⣛⣻⢻⣯⣿⣿⣭⣽⢿⡿⣿⣷⣾⡇⣾⣏⢿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢸⣿⣧⣿⢸⣷⣿⠞⣿⣞⡳⣦⢿⣼⣟⣼⣇⣿⢸⣿⡷⣻⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠛⡿⣣⣄⢠⣬⣤⡄⢠⡤⢬⡿⣿⠰⣶⠂⢰⣿⣿⢸⡏⣷⢻⣷⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⣸⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣸⣿⣅⣿⣰⡸⠯⣟⣿⣿⣇⣿⣤⣛⣯⣿⣯⣾⣷⣽⣷⣯⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠃⠁⠻⣯⣸⣷⠎⣿⢸⣿⠚⣿⣭⡄⣿⠀⠈⣿⣷⢾⣧⡿⢸⡿⠟⠇⣿⣹⣸⣾⣻⣿⣧⣷⣿⣿⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢠⢻⠾⠋⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠁⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 131 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/estonia-matti-and-martti/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/estonia-matti-and-martti/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VI_–_“A_Good_Friend_of_Estonia and_a_Steady_Cooperation_Partner”⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 2:49 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the Finnish_“Facilitator” 4. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IV_–_Martti_Enäjärvi_and His_“Good_Brother”_Networks 5. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_V_–_A_Man_With_a Conviction… 6. You are here ☞ “A Good Friend of Estonia and a Steady Cooperation Partner” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Martti_Enajarvi_on_stage⦈_ Martti Enäjärvi seems to have played a key role in capturing the votes of the Baltic States for Battistelli in 2010. Summary: A closer look at how Casino_Martti (above) set the stage for an unprecedented EPO dictatorship with Frenchmen Benoît_Battistelli and António Campinos in an_era_of_quality_collapse In the last part we saw how the former head of the Finnish PRH, Martti Enäjarvi, ended his long career at the top of the Finnish_PRH with the ignominy of a conviction as a credit-card fraudster. In this part we will begin an examination of Enäjarvi’s contribution to EPO affairs, in particular his contribution towards the initial integration of the Baltic States into the “European IP network” and his subsequent role as Benoît Battistelli’s “facilitator” on the Baltic Rim. “But – as we shall see in due course – appearances can be deceptive.”Finland is a somewhat peripheral country which, at first glance, doesn’t seem to be of much significance in the grand scheme of European “IP” affairs. But – as we shall see in due course – appearances can be deceptive. As a matter of fact, during Enäjärvi’s tenure at the head of the PRH, Finland managed to punch above its weight in the world of EPO realpolitik. This was mainly due to its strategic location straddling the Scandinavian Peninsula and the Baltic Rim. Because of historical and contemporary connections with its neighbours Sweden and Estonia, Finland has significant potential to act as an intermediary or “bridge” between the Nordic and Baltic states. “Martti Enäjärvi, the former Director General of the National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland, offered invaluable legal and technical help at that time.”       –2011 Annual Report of the Estonian Patent OfficeIn the case of Martti Enäjärvi, it would appear that he made full use of this potential. In this regard, it is known that Enäjärvi cultivated particularly close connections with the head of the Estonian Patent Office, Matti_Päts. In the 2011_Annual_Report [PDF] of the Estonian Patent Office, tribute is paid to Enäjärvi’s contribution during the initial phase of re-establishment in the early 1990s: Martti Enäjärvi, the former Director General of the National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland, offered invaluable legal and technical help at that time. Mr Enäjärvi helped the Patent Office to establish relationships with international organizations (WIPO, EPO) and the patent offices of European countries. Finnish experts looked through all drafts and made valuable comments. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Matti-Pats⦈_ In the initial phase of re-establishment Matti Päts of the Estonian Patent Office received “invaluable legal and technical help” from Martti Enäjärvi of the Finnish PRH. More formal Nordic-Baltic cooperation in “IP” matters started around 2004. This cooperation takes the form of regular meetings of the directors of the national “IP” offices to discuss global and European issues of common interest. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Baltic_meeting⦈_ Official Nordic-Baltic “IP” cooperation started in 2004. The May_2019 meeting (above) was hosted by the Lithuanian office in Vilnius. In the context of this cooperation, Enäjärvi started an initiative which led to the signing_of_a_“Memorandum_of_Understanding”_between_the_national_“IP” offices_of_Finland,_Estonia,_Lithuania_and_Latvia_in_2006. [PDF] 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Finland_and_Baltic_states⦈_ 2006 Memorandum of Understanding between the “IP” offices of Finland and the Baltic States. The purpose of this multilateral agreement which was signed on the EPO premises in Munich on 5 December 2006 was to provide “co-operation between the Parties in the field of protection of industrial property”. Amongst other things it was agreed to maintain “a continuous dialogue with a view to facilitating the representation of the interests of the Parties in different institutions of the European Union as well as other international bodies such as the European Patent Organisation and the World Intellectual Property Organization.” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Baltic_MoU_in_Munich⦈_ Signing the MoU in Munich on 5 December 2006. From left to right: Zigrīds Aumeisters (LV) Matti Päts (EE), Rimvydas Naujokas (LT) and Martti Enäjärvi (FI). “Enäjärvi also turned up as a guest of honour at the ceremony to mark the 20th anniversary of the re-establishment of the Estonian Patent Office held in March 2012.”In the spring of the following year Enäjärvi was invited to give the opening address at a rather low-key ceremony to mark the 15th anniversary of the re-establishment of the Estonian Patent Office. This ceremony was held in the Conference Hall of the Estonian National Library in Tallinn on 13 March 2007. Enäjärvi concluded his_speech_with_the_following_words [PDF]: I believe and hope that the excellent co-operation between the Estonian and Finnish patent offices will continue and develop further. In fact, I feel like one of you. I am glad about the good co-operation between Estonia and Finland, as well as about the fact that this cooperation is deepening and developing all the time in practice, not only in words. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Enajarvi_in_estonia⦈_ Enäjärvi gives the opening address at a ceremony to mark the 15th anniversary of the re-establishment of the Estonian Patent Office in March 2007. Enäjärvi also turned up as a guest of honour at the ceremony to mark the 20th anniversary of the re-establishment of the Estonian Patent Office held in March 2012. “As we shall see in due course, thanks to Enäjärvi’s efforts, Finnish-Estonian “cooperation” had in the meantime deepened to the point where it had developed a much broader “European” dimension.”This was a much more lavish affair which provided solid proof of the “deepening and developing cooperation” to which Enäjärvi had referred in 2007. As we shall see in due course, thanks to Enäjärvi’s efforts, Finnish-Estonian “cooperation” had in the meantime deepened to the point where it had developed a much broader “European” dimension. “In the next part of this series, we will turn our attention to the mission of a “select committee” of Administrative Council delegates that paid a visit to the Estonian Patent Office at the start of 2010.”More precisely, Enäjärvi’s close connections with the Estonian Patent Office appear to have provided the Machiavellian schemer Benoît Battistelli with the entry point that he needed for conducting his “Baltic Crusade”. The purpose of this action was to “capture” the votes of those delegations in advance of the next round of the voting procedure to elect a new EPO President. In the next part of this series, we will turn our attention to the mission of a “select committee” of Administrative Council delegates that paid a visit to the Estonian Patent Office at the start of 2010. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣤⠤⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣄⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣐⡛⡉⠉⢉⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠸⣆⡀⠀⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣄⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣷⠚⠛⠿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣇⡀⡀⢰⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣷⠠⡩⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⠀⠸⣷⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠛⠛⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⢛⣷⢻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣯⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢉⢟⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣩⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣴⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠈⠻⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠌⣙⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠽⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡐⠠⣹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⣈⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣶⣶⠂⠀⠀⠠⠁⠠⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⢯⣻⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡆⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠺⢶⣤⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠿⠗⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣦⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⠏⠩⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠛⠛⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⡷⠵⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣝⣼⡀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠴⡀⡇⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⣯⣆⡇⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣷⣧⡇⢀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠼⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣭⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⡃⠀⡗⠳⠾⠀⢡⠤⠀⡄⢶⠀⠀⡄⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠀⠀⢿⣧⡀⣻⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡷⢿⣚⡇⠀⠚⠀⠠⠀⠀⠂⢀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠄⠀⠹⣋⠀⢐⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣧⠈⠉⠈⢳⣧⣇⢻⣏⠁⠀⠀⢂⡤⠥⣥⣘⢗⢠⡕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠂⠀⠛⠀⠒⠳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢀⠸⣿⣿⡆⠙⢢⣸⠰⡾⣯⠐⠒⡹⣸⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⠤⠄⢻⣿⣿⡰⠻⠻⢄⢻⠝⠀⡰⠁⠘⠀⢀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠈⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣷⡂⠀⢀⣫⢶⣐⠩⠭⢭⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⡏⣿⣿⠅⠂⡟⡇⣜⡁⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⠶⢦⣤⠄⠀⠀ ⣟⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠰⢼⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⡆⠀⠁⢕⢞⡖⡘⣵⣾⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠠⣒⡒⠤⠄⣀⡀⠀⣤⠖⠋⠀⣀⣴⢾ ⣿⣿⢺⣿⣯⢿⡿⣻⡿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⡀⢒⠚⠀⠀⢠⣤⣀⣬⢠⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣮⢻⡀⢀⢷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣶⣶⣤⣍⣐⡒⠨⠭⠀⠀⣶⡿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⣽⣿⣟⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡧⡇⣥⣾⣿⢊⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣀⣉⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡆⠀⢆⠉⡩⠘⠛ ⢮⡸⣿⡿⡿⡿⡿⡿⢿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣮⠧⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢀⣿⢶⣿⣿⣶⣶⡤⣄⣈⡑⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠉⠐⠂ ⡏⣛⠎⣷⣇⣶⣆⡡⡾⢶⡛⣿⣟⢟⣿⢿⣻⣛⣿⣿⣾⣶⣷⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠠⣀⡩⣿⣻⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⠛⠋⡀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣷⣾⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⠒⠤⠤⣀⡀⠀ ⡌⡧⣤⣿⣷⠟⠿⡯⣿⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⢲⠗⠸⠃⠌⢝⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠻⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉ ⠐⠇⠓⢺⣿⠑⡅⠒⢶⢼⠤⢿⣿⠴⣇⣾⠟⣷⣿⣿⡴⣿⢧⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠠⢐⠤⡤⠬⠱⢠⡜⠛⣡⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠭⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣦⣝⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠺⠷⣼⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣰⢹⣿⣿⡤⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⡚⠛⠈⣿ ⣇⡃⠀⣠⠐⠀⢀⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠛⢺⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠘⡟⠙⠻⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⡿ ⠀⣴⣿⣿⣗⣀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢹⡿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⢧⣼⣿⡿⠋⠙⠱ ⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣹⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣻⣷⣿⣼⢷⣴⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣻⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣀⣀⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡟⣿⠅⠀⢦⣾⣷⡷⢟⠀⠀ ⠸⠟⣿⣿⣭⣹⣯⣿⣿⣧⣴⣴⠿⠍⠲⡷⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣶⣯⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠋⢩⡍⠉⠉⢛⡛⠒⠒⠭⠕⠛⣶⡯⠽⠿⠿⣟⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠋⠀⠀⠨⠟⠉⣰⡾⠓⠀ ⣀⠀⠍⠋⠉⠛⠙⣉⣛⣿⢿⠿⠟⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⡯⠭⠿⠛⠛⠉⠉⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢛⡃⠸⠀⠿⣟⠠⠆⢦⠀⢀⣉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠒⠚⠋⠉⠡⠀⣐⣠⡄⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣢⣶⣾⣾⣿⡿⠿⣟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡧⡠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣷⣾⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣸⣿⣧⣰⣄⣠⣇⣀⣔⣌⣹⣇⣤⣀⣿⣀⣀⣠⣠⣸⣀⣦⣐⣸⣀⣂⣆⣀⣸⣔⣄⣸⣐⣦⣀⣇⣀⣀⢠⣇⣀⣀⣐⣄⣠⣰⡐⢸⣀⣀⣥⣀⡐⣀⣀⣀⣚⣀⣄⣸⣀⢄⣯⣀⣀⣇⣰⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣤⣁⣡⣀⢈⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⡋⠏⢩⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢹⣿⢋⠛⡻⠛⠛⣿⠙⢻⣿⣿⠟⣤⣄⣊⡉⣋⣉⠋⠃⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⡟⠁⢄⠈⠠⠈⠉⠉⢉⣈⢀⡁⣂⢐⣿⡟⠛⡛⡛⠛⣿⠛⢻⡟⢻⡟⠛⠻⠟⢛⢻⠟⠟⠻⠛⠟⠟⠟⠛⣿⠛⢻⡟⠛⠟⢿⣿ ⣿⡗⢒⠿⠶⠒⠶⠳⣶⠻⠶⠾⠯⡭⠬⠭⠭⢭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⠭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣶⣶⣿⣥⣭⣭⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣾⣶⣷⣼⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣾⣧⣶⣶⣶⣮⣾⣶⣾⣦⣴⣾⣦⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣦⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣬⣤⣈⣤⣤⣼⣼⣤⣤⣅⣡⣥⣤⣈⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡑⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠻⡟⢜⣾⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⢿⢟⣭⣭⡍⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⠑⠀⣠⡟⠉⠋⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠋⣸⣿⡿⠁⠑⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣭⣰⣿⣤⣬⣬⣥⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣼⣴⣧⣥⣤⣦⣴⣤⣭⣭⣥⣴⢈⣤⣤⣴⣦⣭⣹⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠄⠄⠄⠀⡄⠀⠀⠠⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣾⠩⠩⠭⠍⠩⣭⠉⠭⠍⠍⠉⠉⡬⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⠴⠦⡧⡤⠧⢿⢤⡶⢼⢿⡿⡿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢣⣿⣿⠤⢤⣤⣤⣬⠿⣭⣼⢤⡄⣠⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡧⢥⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣮⣤⣤⡤⣄⢴⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣦⣄⣄⣤⣠⣠⣠⣤⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣆⣎⣀⣇⣤⣀⣈⣈⣀⣸⣐⣀⣶⣀⣀⣸⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢀⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⣀⣀⣈⣈⣄⣀⣸⣀⣈⣈⣈⣈⣸⣇⣁⣇⣤⣁⣀⣈⣀⣈⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡯⠁⡏⢩⠉⢹⢀⢈⠉⠍⠉⠨⠁⠫⠟⠍⠈⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⢉⠫⢸⢀⠉⠉⠝⠋⠉⠉⠉⠝⠝⠉⡟⠍⢸⢀⠈⡝⠈⠉⠙⠍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠮⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⢊⢌⣿⠏⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠋⢂⣨⣭⣭⡤⡠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠁⠀⠀⠍⢑⣂⡊⢉⠤⠖⠘⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡛⠛⣛⣛⠛⢛⣛⡛⣒⣂⣙⡛⠛⣑⢛⣛⣛⣛⡃⠀⠙⢉⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠉⠉⣁⣒⣒⠒⠛⣑⣛⡛⡛⣓⣒⡚⣛⢒⣛⣛⣛⣒⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣢⣀⣰⣔⣀⣼⣡⣁⣀⣴⣀⣄⣄⣠⣠⣆⣼⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣀⣄⣠⡔⣤⣠⣀⣀⣇⣄⣀⣜⣀⣢⣀⣀⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣂⣩⢉⡉⣈⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠒⣀⡉⢉⢉⡉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡧⡌⠙⠙⡇⡈⠉⠙⠙⡙⢹⠡⠉⡁⠉⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⢩⢉⠋⢻⠉⠉⠉⠙⠙⡏⡙⠙⠙⠙⡙⢹⠉⠙⠛⠉⠋⠉⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢟⠏⡟⢙⠟⢻⠉⠛⠛⡻⠟⠙⠉⠛⡿⡛⣹⢹⠛⢛⠟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡻⢹⠛⡻⠛⡏⠙⠟⠛⠟⠋⠛⠻⣻⣟⠏⡟⣿⠛⡻⠛⠟⠟⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⡟⡛⢙⣛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠋⠉⠉⠁⠈⠛⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣶⣶⣯⠭⠩⠉⠉⠙⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠊ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣶⣼⣿⣤⣬⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠹⠿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠂⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀ ⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⣶⣶⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢛⣻⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣯⡽⡻⡇⢀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⢉⣉⡭⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⠿⠓⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡟⡻⠁⠀⠈⢉⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠛⠿⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣟⡏⠀⠀⠰⠶⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣷⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⠿⠧⠿⠿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⢴⣿⣿⠟⠟⠸⣿⢟⣿⣿⡞⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣽⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡍⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⣿⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀ ⠄⠘⠀⢠⢄⠉⠻⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣯⠉⠀⠸⠛⣷⣤⣤⡤⣶⣿⡿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠐⠀⠀⠠⢔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠏⠃⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⢿⣿⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢘⢅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠈⠻⡀⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣱⣠⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣃⠀⣀⣄⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣏⣈⣁⣉⣁⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⢀⣿⣷⡥⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡘⢸⡇⠀⠀⠈⠻⠮⣂⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡆⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⡿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣯⣭⣽ ⠀⠀⠈⢙⣳⣆⣀⣀⠀⠀⣸⣇⣾⠁⠳⠀⠀⣠⣿⣷⠂⠀⠀⠈⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣶⣦⣤⣀⣰⠶⢒⣒⡒⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠃⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢠⠀⠉⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢇⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣶⣷⣒⣀⠄⡀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣭⣿⣽⣟⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣭⣭⣭⣥⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠿⣿⣿⡛⠛⠿⠭⠍⠛⠃⠈⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⡏⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠿⣿⣟⠛⠛⠉⠁⠈⠁⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣛⡻⠿⠏⠙⠿⠛⠛⠒⠊⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠁⠦⣤⣤⡄⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⠀⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣬⣭⣤⣴⣶⡿⠏⣻⣿⣿⣛⣛⠿⠿⠭⠽⠛⠓⠚⠊⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⣴⣼⡿⢿⠿⣶⣚⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣿⠿⠭⠭⠝⠛⠒⠒⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣶⡶⠶⠿⣿⡛⠈⠿⢿⠯⠭⠽⠟⠛⠚⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠒⠚⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣉⢉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⢘⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⢐⣤⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠒⠒⠂⠘⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠁⠘⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢁⠀⣿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣇⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢉⣻⡇⠀⠘⢿⠀⠁⠂⠀⠀⢀⠀⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⠆⢠⣆⡀⠄⠀⢸ ⣿⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⠀⣾⣿⢁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⡀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣹⣿⣿⣿⡈⠁⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠙⣧⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⠕⠈⠉⠙⢿⣇⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠏⠀⢸⣿⣿⠋⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠶⠂⠉⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣋⡉⠀⣀⣀⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⢶⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⠆⠀⠈⣇⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠿⠯⠴⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⠛⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡇⢾⠒⠀⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠋⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠈⢠⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣷⢰⣴⡆⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢸⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠇⣐⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿ ⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣛⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣲⣶⣶⣤⣄⣘⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣟⣻ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 501 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/fixing-the-elections/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/fixing-the-elections/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Buying_Elections_at_the_Expense_of_the_Finnish_Taxpayers⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 7:57 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz More details to be published shortly 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Estonia:_My_husband_and_I_need_jobs⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Matti_Päts,_Benoît_Battistelli,_Gilles_Requena⦈_ Summary: Europe has a very severe (white-collar) crime problem; in fact, the 'crime_network' has embedded_itself_so_deeply_inside_the_system_that_it's virtually_unaccountable_at_this_stage; a lot of the media is paid to cover it up (or keep_quiet_about_it) THE EPO certainly seems to have become somewhat of a hub of corruption like plunder; but what about facilitators? What have they had to gain? Or who among them gained the most? As we shall see later in this series, not only Benoît Battistelli and his French mates from INPI (and their family members) pocketed millions of euros. António_Campinos (EUIPO) also had plenty to gain; much of this has been rigged all along, assuring kakistocracy at democracy’s expense. No wonder today’s EPO has abandoned science and law; even the_courts_have_been rendered_kangaroo_courts and with help from dodgy law firms the EPO’s management hopes to capture courts in pertinent EU countries (UPC), spreading kakistocracy to these countries as well. The ‘crime network’, which continues to operate in Europe, has already been subjected to some convictions. But those convictions were insufficient; in fact, this very same ‘crime network’ is nowadays misusing public money to bribe the media and hire lawyers to intimidate the media (and its very own staff, too!) while flying_rainbow_flags and shamelessly_promoting_illegal_patents. “The ‘crime network’, which continues to operate in Europe, has already been subjected to some convictions. But those convictions were insufficient; in fact, this very same ‘crime network’ is nowadays misusing public money to bribe the media and hire lawyers to intimidate the media (and its very own staff, too!)…”If Estonia became somewhat of a hub for jobs at the EPO and even EU jobs (like EUIPO), together with neighbouring states around the Baltic_Sea, shouldn’t the public know about it? As we shall show during the weekend and on Monday, there is a whole lot of rigging and nepotism going on, and it’s not limited to the EPO; in the political context it’s known as horsetrading — a term that can “refer to complex bargaining or other transactions, such as political vote trading,” according to Wikipedia. We’re only getting ‘warmed up’; there’s lots more to come and plenty yet to be shown. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇1024px-Baltic_Sea_map⦈_ Photo/image licence: GNU_Free_Documentation_License,_Version_1.2 ⠀⠀⢨⢀⡀⡀⠀⢀⡥⠀⠊⠙⠙⠉⠛⠀⣁⣈⣈⣀⣉⡀⠘⠀⠠⢨⣿⠏⡒⠂⠠⣀⡐⢒⡀⠀⢘⠇⣢⡈⠁⠰⠄⢑⠀⢈⣀⡀⠀⣀⠀⢀⡥⣤⣶⣌⡀⠈⠉⢀⢦⡃⠧⡯⣻⣷⢛⣿⡤⢀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠸⠹⠁⠉⠂⠈⠃⠀⣁⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣌⠙⠉⢡⡌⣿⢹⣿⠭⣡⣘⠠⠈⢛⣀⠀⠀⠀⠭⣁⠀⠚⣂⡄⣥⡟⠉⠻⢯⡐⡨⠁⠀⣁⣇⡯⣿⣇⣽⣿⣽⣳⡹⠋⣐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡘⠗⢿⢹⣿⢃⣻⢱⣾⣿⣾⣿⢧⣤⣶⣦⡜⠙⠈⠉⠷⡕⠂⠀⠈⠁⠨⢤⣄⠊⣙⡻⣵⣷⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣇⠈⠙⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠺⢇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⠂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⢀⣃⣀⣤⢽⠷⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡏⠐⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢂ ⠄⠀⢀⡠⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢐⠀⠀⠆⠀⢰⢦⢴⠴⠀⠀⢀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢃⡔⠰⣦⢠⣼⣿⣿⣧⣾⣬⣽⡞⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠄⠁⠈⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⡇⢤⢢⠈⣿⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠄⠀⠀⢄⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣸⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡾⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢁⡁⠂⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢅⠃⡂⡸⠞⠷⠦⣈⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠸⣭⢖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣏⣣⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠝⢛⣿⠟⠑⠃⠃⠀⠀⠔ ⠸⠀⠂⠁⠔⠢⠖⣿⠖⣢⣠⡉⣉⣙⡛⠛⠛⢛⣛⣉⣉⣥⡄⣀⠀⠉⠛⠿⣧⠘⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢯⣩⣧⢽⣻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠳⠍⡛⠆⠀⢀⠠⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠅⠜⠉⠉⢿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣤⡄⢑⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣽⣾⠋⠀⠀⠛⠒⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣣⡈⠈⠁⡛⠉⠦⠈⢢ ⢱⣲⡴⠀⠀⢤⣀⣀⣤⣿⣶⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠹⡇⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣽⣿⣟⠁⣀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠻⢿⢻⣯⠞⠋⠐⠒⡫⠑⠚⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠂⢽⢀⠩⡋⢀⠐⠄⣀⠀ ⡌⡯⢐⠐⠚⠋⠉⠉⢊⡁⣼⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠰⡇⢈⣀⣀⠸⠋⠿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠿⢿⣿⢿⣷⣌⠳⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡿⡁⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠄⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⡌⡂⢘⣇⠘⠂⠈⠛⠀ ⡅⢡⣸⠐⠀⠁⠀⠙⢂⠺⣩⣭⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⡇⠀⣰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠙⢛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⣄⠀⠀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠩⢻⣖⠊⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀ ⢳⢸⢷⡇⡂⣀⠁⠀⢛⠛⣶⣾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢈⠁⣠⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣷⣷⡖⠄⠅⠄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡷⢂⠌⠁⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠘⡂⣈⠇⢅⠠⠐⠛⠝⣠⣾⡹⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⢹⣷⣾⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡇⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⣮⠇ ⢴⡧⡡⢶⠌⠀⡄⠈⣤⢺⡟⣾⣽⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣻⡇⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣧⣷⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⢂⢅⠀⢤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀ ⠈⠀⠁⠁⠄⠒⠳⠋⢽⠓⠒⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⢿⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⢉⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠆⠀⠀ ⠠⠀⠀⠀⡖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠫⠓⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⢀⢾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡇⠚⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣽⡽⣻⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⣸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠡⢿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠛⢁⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠄⣶⡊⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣻⣏⢀⠰⠂⡵⣀⢀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣤⡴⢩⣽⠂⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠠⢹⢉⡛⣝⣿⣟⢈⣸⣽⣃⣨⡿⡿⠗⠒⠂⡘⠀⢸⠀⢰⠁⠀⡇⠀⢸⠀⢠⠀⠸⣝⡋⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⢘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢹⣟⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠽⢀⢒⡏⢻⢻⠏⠁⠧⢃⣇⠠⡾⠀⡌⢀⡇⠀⡾⠀⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⢸⠀⢸⠀⡆⡔⠁⠸⡄⠀⠀⠀⢩⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢑⡗⣿⠋⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⢠⠀⢀⠀⡴⢠⠼⢫⢧⠻⢺⠀⠀⡙⣿⠿⣄⡓⠃⠇⣸⠁⢀⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⣸⠀⣾⠀⣇⠃⡀⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣟⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠰⠆⠈⠃⠀⠰⠽⢕⡂⠁⠑⠘⡅⠈⠁⠀⢀⠸⠀⡿⠀⣸⡇⠀⢸⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠺⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⣿⠀⣾⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢃⣾⣿⡿⢋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣻⣿ ⣼⡿⢋⣴⠿⠃⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡗⠀⢰⣿⠀⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⢟⣻⣿ ⢏⡀⠀⣵⡿⠃⣽⠿⠟⠋⠙⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⡆⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣇⠀⢰⣿⡄⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣾⣿⣯⣴ ⢫⡶⠆⠀⡾⠂⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠃⠀⡄⠃⢀⡇⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣀⡀⠀⠉⠀⢸⡟⡇⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢉⣹⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣶⡿⠃⠁⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⠐⠀⡆⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⡆⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⢸⡇⣷⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣃⣤⣾⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣶ ⠓⠂⣤⡴⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢿⣿⣷⢈⢸⠀⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣡⣾⣽⣭⡤⣚⡷⢇⡼⠁⢀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠠⣤⣆⠀⠀⢠⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⡇⢸⢸⠀⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⡇⠈⣇⠀⣤⢠⣘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⡇⣠⢸⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢟⣵⣾⠟⣴⠟⠁⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣙⠶⡝⣿⠰⣄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡗⠸⢸⠀⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⣷⠈⣿⠀⠹⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣿⡞⢣⣴⣳⣶⣅⢀⣤⣠⣼⣿⣏⠉⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣤⣈⠓⠂⠻⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⡏⠨⢸⠀⠀⡇⡇⢸⡇⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⢈⣴⠟⡡⢶⣻⢟⡅⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⣿⣯⠹⢿⣿⣿ ⠛⢿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⢸⠀⢠⡇⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⣿⢀⠀⠄⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣺⣿⡿⠁⣸⣟⡿⠃⡘⡡⢉⠸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⡿⠰⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿ ⣄⢠⡻⣿⡇⣿⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⢸⡆⢠⡇⡇⢸⡇⢸⠀⠛⠈⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣵⣿⡿⣠⡾⣫⠞⢠⢈⡽⢡⡏⣰⡙⢿⣿⣿⠟⢁⠀⣿⣿⣿⡍⣿⣿⡟ ⣿⠆⠟⠋⠀⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⢿⣿⡇⢸⢸⡇⢸⡇⠃⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠾⣷⣿⣾⡿⣹⣷⢋⡟⣸⣷⣿⠃⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣄⠷⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠃⠸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⣿⣟⣿⢡⠸⠑⠉⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠙⠃⢻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡁⠀⠈⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⣡⡀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⢰⡆⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⢘⣷⠈⣿⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣨⣌⣭⡿⠿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠘⠉⠋⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣀⣀⢀⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣽⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠐⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⢉⣭⢩⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢘⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠏⠀⠙⠉⠉⠉⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣾⣏⠸⣟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⣪⣾⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⡆⠀⠈⠘⠇⢰⣾⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠱⢷⣀⣆⣩⣬⣭⣤⣶⣿⣿⡿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣠⣼⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠉⡁⣀⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠿⠉⢁⠙⠦⡉⢿⠟⢣⣶⣿⣿⡏⡽⠿⢚⣠⣽⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣹⣛⣋⣤⣤⣬⡄⠒⠁⠀⠂⠀⠉⠈⠀⣿⣄⣀⠸⠛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⣁⡀⢠⣀⢄⢤⣤⣤⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⢀⡨⣤⢷⡸⢿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡸⠾⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹ ⠀⠀⠀⣂⣤⣙⠷⡾⢾⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⡟⡟⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮⡑⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠿⠾⢿⡿⣻⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠛⣽⣿⣷⣶⣦⢭⣾⣇⣥⣢⣔⣁⣢⣎⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⣿⣿⣿⠻⠛⠛⠻⡛⣟⢻⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡠⡄⢦⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠁⠋⡞⣣⣖⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠠⠐⠡⡴⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠿⠟⠟⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢠⣦⠾⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣨⣭⣿⣿⡿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠝⠈⢳⠶⣾⣟⣛⢛⡛⠿⠿⠻⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿ ⠁⠀⢀⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢡⣶⣾⣿⡿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠘⡻⠻⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣿⠷⠶⣂⣿ ⢠⣤⣉⣉⣛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠆⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣟⡹⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣓⣹⣴⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿ ⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠋⠁⠀⠈⣍⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠦⠤⠁⠁⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣆⡠⠷⠿⢿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠈⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠻⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⠿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠉⢀⢸⣽⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣶⣐⣨⣉⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣥⣬⣬⣵⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠶⠿⠿⠊⠈⠻⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⢿⣻⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣾⣿⡇⠀⡀⠀⠀⠜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⠿⣟⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⡍⣀⣿⣶⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣄⣿⣅⣿⣿⡭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠸⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⠀⡀⣼⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣴⣴⣬⣬⣤⣥⡤⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢣⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣌⣉⣹⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⢠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⢿⣛⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⡿⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⠍⣁⡀⠀⠀⣀⣨⣀⢈⡙⠀⢻⠿⣿⡿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣻⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣸⣿⣿⠧⠸⣝⣓⡂⠀⣍⣉⣉⣉⠁⠀⢤⣶⣶⣶⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⣭⣟⡿⠂⠆⠈⠻⡁⠀⠁⠉⢿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢏⢉⣋⢏⡙⡉⣉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠛⠦⠎⠖⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⠛⠛⣩⣦⣀⡄⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠞⣂⣂⣞⣛⣛⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣭⣭⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣄⣀⡀⠀⣠⣄⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣁⠀⣠⣤⣴⣾⣿⣷⣍⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣟⠙⠛⡛⢣⣀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⡿⠿⣯⣤⣤⣬⣽⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣅⡔⣿⣿⠏⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠠⠄⠠⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢃⣬⣭⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣉⣩⣉⣙⣉⣫⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣿⡿⢟⢶⠵⠨⢤⣼⣿⡟⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣬⣭⣶⣾⣵⣴⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠉⠁⠠⠭⠤⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣬⣬⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣇⣊⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 669 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/ibm-alienating-geeks/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/ibm-alienating-geeks/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IBM_Cannot_Possibly_Recover_by_Attacking_the_Software_Community_and Alienating_Geeks⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, FSF, GNU/Linux, IBM at 9:03 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 4f3d350031f416754e17a6c0008e4bf5 http://techrights.org/videos/several-ibm-crises.webm Summary: IBM is in a really bad state, even if the media fails to report on the matter; the video above (and post below, composed afterwards to accompany the video) takes stock of recent developments and what they mean to the future of the decreasingly “big” blue The poor if not utterly appalling attitude of IBM, an arrogant strategy which wrongly assumes that IBM is “too big to fail”, is definitely going to fail IBM; many people already leave in droves (an exodus, never mind the layoffs), making recovery or rebound improbable and maybe infeasible. “Isn’t it funny that the same companies which are working hard to ban/remove the word “master” are themselves treating people — even volunteers — like slaves (with masters being those conceited, self-righteous companies)?”Last week we wrote about Fedora_blacklisting_Persians; several other people have pointed out the same thing, albeit in harsher terms than ours (comparing Fedora/IBM to Hitler, which means suppressed_IBM_truths). As a matter of policy, Techrights cannot recommend GNU/Linux distros from IBM anymore; RHEL 8- based distros/clones are OK and the same is true for Arch Linux, Debian, Gentoo etc. (not_Ubuntu_though) because those who master the distros matter more than the underlying technical details. Isn’t it funny that the same companies which are working hard to ban/remove the word “master” are themselves treating people — even volunteers — like slaves (with masters being those conceited, self- righteous companies*)? This morning we published "5_Months_Later_People_Still_Remove_Their_Names_From the_Slanderous_Anti-RMS_Petition,_Managed_by_IBM_Staff" (related to "IBM_is_NOT a_Friend_of_Free_Software"). We’ve added this to examples of IBM “Attacking Communities/Volunteers” examples (see our_IBM_wiki). It’s mostly visual with names occluded (it’s nothing personal!) because the paymaster is what matters. A lot of people do what they’re told by their bosses because they want to pay the bills (or a massive mortgage they should never have taken in the first place). “The severe issues associated with staff morale cannot be overcome; it’s years too late already and the attacks on the founder of GNU/Linux are going to make it very difficult to hire geeks.”Today we discuss the defamatory letter crafted more than 5 months ago by IBM-funded front groups that still want to weaken the Free Software Foundation by taking away its founder and its copyrights (GNU Project copyright assignments) because IBM — unlike Red Hat — does not seem to understand how copyleft works (which would help explain the self-harming decision to abandon CentOS users). Based on what IBM and insiders write anonymously online, IBM has no future, only lots_more_layoffs. It has a very severe staff retention crisis and it is unable to recruit the necessary talent. IBM, once the sole giant of computing, is now worth less than AMD and SAP; it’s trying to split the company to manufacture an illusion of growth (profitability has been down by about 50% in the past half a decade alone), but that’s just classic ‘creative accounting’ (shuffling the buckets — same_thing_Microsoft does). The severe issues associated with staff morale cannot be overcome; it’s years too late already and the attacks on the founder of GNU/Linux are going to make it very difficult to hire geeks. Yes, geeks aren’t stupid and many view those attacks as collective. In the video we walk through some_recent_discussions_about_the_company (mostly existing and former staff in thelayoff.com) since the media is failing to report on these things. It’s too busy looking for corporate sponsors instead of covering corporate abuse, including deception. Due to the scale of IBM (historically), there are still loads of “ex-IBM” folks out there; some of them worry about their IBM pensions and remember fondly some of the things IBM did actually invent (mostly hardware). But that IBM is long gone and now it’s mostly a financial manipulation instrument in service of managers and grifters, not engineers. IBM’s President Jim Whitehurst left the company and went back to his home state; he could see the writings on the wall… “The attack on Stallman came less than a year later, coinciding with a Bill Gates scandal at MIT (he, unlike Stallman, was actually very closely connected to Jeffrey Epstein).”For quite some time now IBM has been trying to privatise GNU and Linux so as to make volunteers’ hard work their own monopoly (of course they will fail, but they still try!). Microsoft has been trying the same when it bought GitHub. One source of ours has insinuated for more than a couple of years that the attacks which led to Torvalds’ removal from his own project (to see therapists) was caused by IBM-connected media and this was likely motivated by an effort to reduce the buying price of Red Hat (the time of those two events was almost the same; there was overlap), but the source was unable to verify this with ‘smoking gun’-type evidence. The attack_on_Richard_Stallman came less than a year later, coinciding with a Bill Gates scandal at MIT (he, unlike Stallman, was_actually_very_closely_connected_to_Jeffrey_Epstein). █ _____ * ZDNet, which kept telling us “master” as a word is offensive, published “Master” in its headline only_moments_ago (very first word in the headline). They keep putting_their_hypocrisy_and_double_standards_up_on_display. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 785 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/irc-log-270821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/irc-log-270821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_August_27,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:39 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 270821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-270821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-270821.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 270821.txt 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmQVQpbgramWMvHGk5zf2sCXxF8HAfCdb2xyUpT3rtSvj9 #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmfHAShWjqwyL1xCrbw8pD4Wu5b3NB7JpQhqJpmXJRByJC (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  Qmbgfc5xAPBDGzSv4CUovJ8J6NckKriMtGaNTb4meZzKZM social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUHJr8nG5t2LRt9rQMhB14B3axDQzvehcGrGpazwnxxxX social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmXAWnLdtP5132qvTZjkQo4uNe1UjzBhR5GXADwW6Pgw9n #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmNRXHkHQBi9UoPwH9GFijDK29hKgvqjFxHQF9UxGyc8Gv (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmWrZSbLfy11yGiW8J5Km2Y5R1oiCZdfRcZpzzK1R6wGbe #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmR1g7gABCYw42yZWW3UuokdxGJoJZ87gB6NPXG8w5328m (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 911 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/meme-mr-casino-martti-enajarvi/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/meme-mr-casino-martti-enajarvi/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Mr._Casino_Martti_Enäjärvi⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 12:04 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Martti Enäjärvi: I don't always stack the deck; but when I do, it's for dictators⦈ Martti throwing a party… for Benoît Battistelli Summary: Martti 'cash_machine' Enäjärvi helped install a_malicious_dictator inside the EPO; his legacy is important to assess closely even though he has retired (forensic post mortem of the EPO’s demise certainly matters) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⡄⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢘⣛⣛⠿⣛⡻⣛⡛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⡟⣛⣛⢻⣛⣛⠿⣛⡻⣛⣛⢟⣛⢟⣀⣀⠀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⡇⠿⣙⣿⣿⢻⣿⢹⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣇⣿⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⣿⡆⢿⣷⣿⢹⣿⣹⠿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⢰⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⡇⢀⣙⢿⣷⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⠀⠀⠿⠿⠿⠃⠻⠷⠿⣃⠿⢇⠿⠇⣿⣿⠿⠿⣼⣏⠿⠿⠹⠿⠿⠿⠿⡸⠿⢇⠻⠿⢇⠿⠏⠿⠿⠀⠿⠇⠘⠿⠾⠿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣻⣿⣭⢟⣻⣊⡓⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣘⡻⡟⣛⣟⡻⢟⣛⢛⣛⣻⣟⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⢛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣛⣛⣛⡿⢃⣀⣀⠀⣀⣄⡀⢀⣀⡀⣀⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣏⡿⢇⢽⣿⡏⢡⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣼⡿⣼⣯⢹⣿⣯⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣏⣽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣉⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣻⡟⣬⡟⣿⡆⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⣿⢠⣤⢸⣿⣿⣧⢿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠛⢸⣿⢠⣤⢸⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣍⢉⡸⣷⢚⣻⢧⣻⠷⠿⢃⡸⠿⠇⠼⠿⠹⠿⠘⠿⠾⠟⠸⠿⠸⠿⠎⠻⡸⠿⣿⡸⠿⡸⠿⡸⠿⠿⢏⣯⠿⠿⠿⣟⠼⠿⠿⠘⠿⠾⠟⠸⠿⠟⠿⠆⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢿⣶⣶⣾⣿⠟⠙⣼⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣾⢖⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣦⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠉⠁⠀⠀⢁⡘⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣄⡀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡇⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⡀⠀⠀⡀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡷⠒⠙⠻⢿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⢠⣴⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡇⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢣⣧⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⣬⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣷⣾⣿⡆⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣘⡻⠄⣈⡂⢙⣿⢗⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠟⠿⢿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⣧⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣸⣿⠀⢸⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⣰⣦⣤⣤⡄⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⡟⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⡾⠿⠋⠀⠀⠿⠷⠿⠇⠻⣿⣿⠟⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠸⠿⢿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠇⠿⠷⠶⢿⡇⠿⠿⠀⠸⠿⠟⣿⢿⣿⣾⠿⣘⢿⣾⠿⢰⡎⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣿⣶⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⢀⣀⢈⣁⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠠⣙⣃⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⡛⢁⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠹⣛⣛⣛⡿⢟⣛⣻⡿⣛⣚⣿⢿⢟⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠘⢻⣿⢛⠻⢿⣿⡹⠿⢀⡀⣿⣿⠛⣾⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢹⣿⠘⢻⣿⠛⢸⣿⣿⡄⠛⣿⡟⣳⣿⡿⣿⡆⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣏⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⠈⠙⢀⣙⢿⣷⡙⠃⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢻⣯⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢨⣭⠀⢸⣿⠀⣼⣟⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡕⣙⡻⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⢀⣀⠘⢿⣾⡿⠃⠀⣿⡿⠀⠻⣿⣿⠟⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⠇⣿⣿⠸⣿⣾⡿⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⡟⢿⣿⠀⣿⣇⣟⢿⣷⡿⡃⣿⡇⣿⡇⡿⣷⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠲⢄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 969 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/potztausend/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/potztausend/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Smoking_Päts⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 8:50 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Matti Päts 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Matti_Päts:_Life_starts_at_80..._Right,_matey?⦈_ Summary: Päts is part of the strongmen phenomenon/lineage; we've_already remarked_on_the_remarkable_age_of_Baltic_patent_officials (Päts only retired in his 80s) ⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢠⣤⡄⠀⣤⣤⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⠀⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⡄⢠⣤⣤⣤⡟⡍⢉⣭⣭⣟⠟⣫⣭⣝⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣉⢹⣿⣏⡁⠀⢸⣿⣏⡛⠃⢉⣿⡏⠁⣾⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣹⣿⠈⢹⣿⡏⢹⣿⣝⠛⠃⠀⢰⣿⣿⣧⠈⢹⣿⡏⢑⡇⢿⣿⣽⡿⢸⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⠛⢻⣿⡟⠃⠀⢀⣙⡻⣿⡆⢨⣿⡇⠀⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢻⣷⠀⢸⣿⡇⢀⣙⢻⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣸⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⠈⠅⣾⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣠⣀⠸⣿⣷⡆⣿⡿⢸⣿⠀⠸⣿⣷⡶⠀⠘⢿⣷⡿⠇⠸⣿⡇⢰⣿⡏⣿⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⠇⠘⢿⣶⡿⠃⠀⣿⣿⢹⣿⡇⢸⣿⠇⣒⣧⠻⣿⣾⠿⣘⢿⣷⡿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣦⣀⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣭⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣢⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣾⢻⣛⠻⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⡴⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣰⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣧⣭⣉⣡⣄⠙ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡉⠁⢛⢿⣿⣿⣦ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠖⠒⢸⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠⠖⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣠⣿⠿⠋⠉⢙⣳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⣠⡴⠒⢢⠘⠿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣷⣼⣿⡏ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⢀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⠀⢿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢠⣄⢀⡀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠈⠋⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⡁⠀⢸⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠈⢹⣿⣼⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢷⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡅⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠻⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣀⣤⣄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋ ⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡆⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⡀⣴⣟⣽⣿⣻⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣡⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⢀⣱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠷⢶⣯⣭⣝⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡿⢣⣿ ⣄⣀⣤⣴⣶⣦⣤⣤⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⣤⣤⣾⣿⣷⣶⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣱⡟⠃ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⠟⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠗⠊⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⢁⣾⠟⠁⠀ ⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣬⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣷⣌⢻⣿⣿⠿⢿⣋⣥⣾⢟⣴⠟⣉⣴⡆⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡿⢿⣿⣷⡿⠟⢛⣩⣭⣍⣻⢿⣿⣿⣮⣝⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠐⡱⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡎⢷⣤⣀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣏⡉⠀⠐⣻⠛⠋⠔⣋⣴⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⣿⡆⢸⣿⡏⣵⣾⢷⣦⠋⣶⣶⢰⣶⢰⣾⣯⣭⡄⠈⠙⠟⣥⣤⡄⢩⣬⣤⠀⣐⣛⣛⢛⣉⣀⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⡋⠴⠒⢛⣭⠵⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⣿⠇⢸⣿⠁⣿⣿⣘⣛⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⢸⣿⡏⠁⠾⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡟⢠⣿⣿⣿⠘⢻⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⢻⡛⣿⣇⣿⡏⣾⣿⢻⣷⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢠⣿⡏⣿⣿⢰⣿⡏⣿⣿⠈⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣸⣿⢸⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣶⠁⢻⣿⡿⠘⣉⣉⣸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠃⠿⠿⠀⠻⠷⠿⠿⠸⠿⠇⠿⠿⠀⢸⣿⡇⢰⡶⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢻⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⡟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣁⣴⣶⣶⣶⡯⠀⠉⠁⠉⠉⠈⠉⣥⣬⣭⠁⠀⠛⠛⠛⠀⠘⠛⠃⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⢦⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡾⠋⠁⠀⠀⣀⢀⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢂⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⢁⠀⠐⠐⠶⠸⠆⠅⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1029 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/preview-baltic-states/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/preview-baltic-states/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Finnish_Patent_and_Registration_Office_(PRH)_Governed_by_a_Criminal_for_Two Decades⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 12:00 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 852d34c174036d8dabc150a44b546ddc http://techrights.org/videos/fraud-hellsinki-case.webm Summary: We take a closer look at the PDFs published last night in “EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part V” and discuss the situation THIS video was recorded last night, just a couple of minutes after part_5 had been published. Over the coming days we’ll be publishing parts of the series that help explain how Benoît_Battistelli rose to power at the EPO, leaving behind (after) him another loyalist, António_Campinos, who isn’t actually fixing anything (in fact, he makes things worse and he stacks courts for European_software_patents, compulsory_'ViCo' and so on). “Patent trolls’ megaphones in sites like Managing IP still boost this sort of agenda, at cost to their own reputation.”The post mortem of the EPO’s demise partly relies on understanding what sort of people we deal with; hence the early parts of the series, which zoom in on the record of Martti Enäjärvi. He was so desperate to prove his innocence — which he failed to do — appealing again and again until the Supreme Court threw out his plea. So he was basically convicted, then sort of convicted again (the original conviction upheld by a higher court). Along the way in the above video I ended up alluding to the Eastern and Western Districts of Texas (EDTX and WDTX) having judges who strive to bring business/ turnover to their town by lowering the standards, in effect becoming more lenient in favour of fake patents and then boasting that many choose to file lawsuits there (as if the courts are for-profit businesses). In 2017, following TC Heartland, it became apparent and very much evident to more companies that it would be strategically wise to avoid doing any technical work in Texas or even employ in Texas (places like Houston or San Antonia with Rackspace and others) because it exposes oneself to higher legal risks. So this strategy backfires, prioritising law firms at the expense of everybody else. We wrote many articles on this topic around that time; it’s considered relatively old news except Albright in Western Texas (judge with an arts degree getting to decide on the sciences). Patent trolls’ megaphones in sites like Managing IP still boost this sort of agenda, at cost to their own reputation. Not too shockingly, they do the same for the EPO’s management and Team UPC. Later today we shall publish “EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part VI” (spoiler: it’s about what Enäjärvi did with Baltic state). █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1099 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/rms-petition-self-purge/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/rms-petition-self-purge/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ 5_Months_Later_People_Still_Remove_Their_Names_From_the_Slanderous_Anti-RMS Petition,_Managed_by_IBM_Staff⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, IBM at 3:18 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Microsoft-hosted (in proprietary_software_prison) and IBM-managed 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IBM_purge⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇RMS_petition_self-purge⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IBM_approves⦈_ Summary: It certainly feels like IBM is managing the_purge of the Free software community (not just by proxy, e.g. OSI and GNOME_Foundation) and people needed to ask IBM for ‘permission’ to be removed from a letter they had signed (with several days for approval to be given) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣠⠲⠶⠖⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣇⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠀⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⠁⣿⣿⢰⢰⢰⢸⠄⢪⣅⠶⡀⠆⡀⠄⡅⡆⣯⡅⡀⠄⠰⠰⡠⢤⢰⡟⣸⡇⣴⢰⢰⢘⠀⢈⣉⠰⢈⠐⢀⠀⢈⢰⠀⣉⠀⡀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⡞⡁⠆⡇⡆⠆⠀⢀⠀⠠⠰⢸⢻⢸⠰⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⠐⠛⠂⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠍⣛⣿⣿⣟⠲⠊⠍⠉⡍⢩⠉⠀⠍⢹⡏⠉⡍⣿⠘⡀⠉⢍⣿⠂⠠⠸⣿⠂⠄⠊⠢⠆⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡿⢀⠋⠅⠩⢸⡏⠉⢉⢋⡏⠉⢘⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⠈⠍⣯⠀⠈⡋⢹⡇⠉⠁⠅⠉⠉⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠉⠉⠉⠉⡍⠩⠈⠌⠀⡏⠍⠍⠉⠉⡍⠁⠉⠉⠉⢸⠩⠉⢹⠅⠁⢺⠈⡈⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠰⠆⡟⠉⢻⢉⠉⡉⠏⡉⠋⠿⠙⠉⢹⣿⠉⡉⡟⠉⢻⢉⠉⡙⠏⠉⢻⣟⢑⢐⣥⠆⡇⡒⠞⢐⠨⠁⡂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣾⣦⣧⣀⣼⣼⣤⣧⣦⣩⣼⣤⣦⣄⣼⣿⣤⣧⣧⣡⣨⣼⣤⣧⣦⣠⣽⣷⣤⣴⣥⣬⣧⣩⣴⣌⣤⣤⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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Convicted_Fraudster_‘in_Charge’_of_Patent_Delegations_From_Four_Nations?⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Patents at 4:58 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 8bba8b0c09af03a93d104e07926b3332 http://techrights.org/videos/estonia-finland-mou.webm Summary: A video which looks further and deeper into the documents from Part VI; Estonia’s gratitude to a convicted fraudster has not aged well IN Part_VI we’ve looked or taken a glimpse at the relationship between Finland and Baltic States when it comes to patents; there was some focus on Estonia, the direct neighbour, which also has a_lot_more_patents_than_Lithuania_and Latvia. The video above discusses what it all means to the EPO by focusing on the criteria for leadership selection (seniority based on age alone, apparently) and some of the documents that we’ve included in the article. We can see, for example, Estonia sort of ‘borrowing’ the old credibility of the old EPO to market itself. It seems to be aiming at the English-speaking/ American market. It’s probably harmful to the national interest and the economy of Estonia, but then again WTO and WIPO don’t exactly pretend otherwise. One might go further and say that they’re running a “racket”… see what Cablegate has_on_USTR. “It’s probably harmful to the national interest and the economy of Estonia, but then again WTO and WIPO don’t exactly pretend otherwise.”There are no Benoît Battistelli or António_Campinos (EUIPO) photo ops, but we certainly see a notable mention of Finland, which seems to be the guiding hand in Estonia, even though the person who takes the lead is a convicted_fraudster. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1314 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/08/28/swpats-crisis/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/08/28/swpats-crisis/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ About_Half_of_the_Supposed_‘Growth’_in_Patents_is_Abstract_Stuff_or ‘Software-Related’_(Patents_That_Courts_Would_Quite_Likely_Reject)⠀✐ Posted in America, Courtroom, Europe, Patents at 9:37 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Illustrator prompt⦈ Summary: Despite a disturbing mass- granting trend, wherein quality and legitimacy of patents may matter no more (it’s all about quantity, not quality), the courts are pushing back, both in Europe and in north America; so unless they can miraculously put the courts at the hands of patent maximalists — basically what Team UPC is hoping to achieve to no avail — there’s a massive avalanche ahead (millions of tentatively invalid or fake patents) LATELY we’ve been writing_a_great_deal about corruption that enabled the lowering of patent quality, human rights, and standards of the sciences (we’re meant to think granted patents and innovations are surrogates). Donald Trump’s regime contributed_its_fair_share_to_this_fiasco (Hungarian/Hungary-born litigation USPTO ‘mole’), but we have our own 'Trumps' right here in Europe (with cross-pollination). They don’t even need to win an election and rally a bunch of violent mobs. We’ve written more than enough about EPO dictators Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos shamelessly promoting patents_on software using a plethora of laughable and usually meaningless buzzwords and hype waves. Across the Atlantic they lobbied for the same, seeing that since 2014 (Alice at SCOTUS and 35 U.S.C. § 101) software patents have been mowed down by the thousands in the Federal_Circuit and Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB), mostly via inter partes reviews (IPRs), i.e. post-grant. “Lately we’re been writing a great deal about corruption that enabled the lowering of patent quality, human rights, and standards of the sciences (we’re meant to think granted patents and innovations are surrogates).”Earlier this week Eileen McDermott (editor of Watchtroll) wrote about these fake patents and dubious verdicts. She wrote* : “The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) today reversed a jury verdict for Juno Therapeutics and Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research (Juno), wiping out a $1.2 billion judgment for the entities. The CAFC found that the jury’s verdict with respect to written description was not supported by substantial evidence.” “CAFC, which still isn’t too eager to allow any of these patents, is without its chief judge Prost (not in charge anymore).”A day or so apart Raymond Millien (also over at Watchtroll) said: “In First Half of 2021, 63% of U.S. Patents, 48.9% at EPO and 40.1% in China Were Software-Related” (so basically questionable if not outright fake patents, even where the law forbids them). CAFC, which still isn’t too eager to allow any of these patents, is without its chief judge Prost [1, 2, 3] (not in charge anymore). But it’s still insistent. Steve Brachmann (Watchtroll) wrote: “Federal Circuit Affirms [Section] 101 Invalidation of Secure Transaction System Patents in Victory for Apple and Visa…” “We must confess that we try really hard to find more sources for ‘news’ or noise about patents, but many of the blogs we used to follow have shut down or simply became inactive, especially blogs vocally in favour of software patents.”Here in Europe I constantly find stories about European Patents perishing in courts; well, software patents are also fake patents across the Atlantic — in American courts too… That’s certainly a relief and good news to software developers. We must confess that we try really hard to find more sources for ‘news’ or noise about patents, but many of the blogs we used to follow have shut down or simply became inactive, especially blogs vocally in favour of software patents. Their influence is waning, but they will never admit it. That’s just how they operate, projecting confidence to clients while egging them on to pursue more lousy patent and file more lawsuits (even actions that likely go astray at the end, i.e. enriching nobody but the law firms). To be most frank, having written literally thousands of posts about these issues already, we’d rather focus on new material and revelations. “EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part VI” is due to be published tonight. There has been a lot of interest in this series. We’re also grateful to readers who shifted over to gemini:// and take advantage of better (and lighter) protocols. █ ____ * All links are omitted in this case because Watchtroll is the only site we refuse to even link to because of its highly aggressive tone and blood-lust- type stance, especially when its founder was still in charge there, constantly attacking judges — left and right — for merely doing the right thing. He has since then softened his tone somewhat. ⣿⣷⣿⣤⣤⣀⠀⠆⢀⣘⣿⡟⠻⢿⠶⣦⣤⣄⣺⣿⠇⡰⠿⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠈⠋⠛⠿⢶⣿⣦⣀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣹⠟⢻⡾⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠁⠊⠤⠀⡈⠉⡿⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠻⠋⠀⡾⠁⢈⡟⠻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⡡⠀⢈⡉⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠛⣹⡇⠀⠀⠈⢉⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠂⠠⠈⡄⠠⣿⡏⣝⠙⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠒⠿⢿⡟⠀⣾⡏⣹⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠠⠏⣸⣿⢠⢏⡉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⡀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠊⠤⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢇⣟⡁⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠂⠐⠐⠌⠅⠒⠠⠁⣀⠠⠰⠰⡰⠰⡰⠠⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠲⠥⣿⣀⣆⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣈⠀⠀⢂⢂⢣⠡⢲⠡⢅⢡⢃⢃⡇⡞⡔⣰⢄⡄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠋⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠆⠄⠄⢀⢃⢂⠂⢄⡮⡏⡜⠱⢡⣻⡟⣾⣯⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⣹ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢐⡟⣴⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠌⢋⠛⠻⠿⡟⠀⠈⠀⠌⠌⠄⠰⡌⡜⡰⠀⣌⢧⡦⣬⣑⡛⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠞⠱⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠐⡈⠘⢀⠹⠰⣱⠣⠀⢏⡼⣾⢧⣟⣿⢛⠲⢦⣭⣙⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⣼⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠆⢀⠀⠀⠠⠑⠀⡰⢃⢣⢃⢇⡆⡤⣈⠉⠙⠺⠳⣌⣀⡀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣮⠉⣿⣿⡿⢰⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⠛⠻⠿⡟⠀⠂⠂⠀⠀⠂⢠⠇⠃⠎⣿⡟⡺⢷⣇⣿⣺⢵⣖⣤⣌⣉⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⡏⢰⣿⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⡆⡆⠐⡸⡿⢡⢃⡟⣞⠛⠋⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣈⣀⣿⣿⡟⣸⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠀⠠⢀⡐⡘⠐⠠⢠⢉⢁⠊⠘⠰⢡⠈⡉⠀⠉⢙⠛⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢠⢠⢡⢃⠃⠇⠎⡜⣸⢱⣆⡄⣤⢁⡛⠰⠦⣤⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣼⣯⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠄⠆⠌⡌⡸⢸⢡⢇⣎⣼⣹⣿⣾⣷⣿⣴⣦⣤⣍⣙⠛⠏⢰⣷⡟⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣬⣀⡐⠠⠁⢇⡏⡾⣰⢏⣿⣿⣗⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣯⣷⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣅⣛⡛⠱⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣍⣛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣬⣍⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1447 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_29/8/2021:_DebConf21_Closes,_PostgreSQL_set_user_2.0.1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:32 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Turns_30_–_9_Things_You_Might_Not_Know_About_Linux⠀⇛ On the 25th of August 1991, Linus Torvalds sent out his first message about a free operating system he was developing. For him it was “just a hobby” and “won’t be big and professional”, but it turned out to be way more than that. Now after 30 years, Linux is everywhere. Here are nine things that you may not know about Linux. # ⚓ Linux_at_30:_How_a_student’s_hobby_became_a_key_component in_the_business_IT_stack_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ August 25, 2021 marked thirty years of Linus Torvalds’ now-famous announcement on the comp.os.minix news group, where he shared plans to work on a free operating system for 386(486) AT clones as a “hobby.” Nobody, least of all Torvalds, would have imagined that three decades later, his hobby OS would not just outgrow his personal computer, but go on to become the backbone of much of the modern IT world. Rob Gibbon, Product Manager at Canonical, the makers of Ubuntu, has seen an explosion in the adoption of Linux over the years. # ⚓ Intel_Lands_Initial_Code_For_Mesh_Shaders_Within_Mesa_– Phoronix⠀⇛ In preparation for the support within their Vulkan driver, the Intel-led effort for preparing mesh shader support within Mesa’s NIR and SPIR-V code has now been merged. The Mesa NIR/SPIR-V changes for supporting mesh shaders as outlined via the SPV_NV_mesh_shader extension have been merged with the exception of multi-view support not being ready yet. The SPV_NV_mesh_shader extension is about exposing GLSL GL_NV_mesh_shader support in turn with support for the new task and mesh shader types. # ⚓ New_PCI_IDs_on_AMD_Linux_graphics_driver_point_to_RDNA_2 refresh_|_KitGuru⠀⇛ At this point, adding new SKUs to the Radeon RX 6000/6000M series wouldn’t make much sense. This series already features multiple SKUs aimed at gaming and workstations in both desktop and laptop form. However, as reported by Phoronix, 17 new PCI IDs were found on the AMD GPU Linux driver. Out of these 17 entries, 5 are Sienna Cichlid (Navi 21) GPUs, another 5 are Navy Flounder (Navi 22) GPUs, and the last 7 are Dimgrey Cavefish (Navi 23) GPUs. That is quite a lot, considering the Radeon RX 6000/6000M series already features so many SKUs. # ⚓ A_Prominent,_Longtime_Dell_Linux_Engineer_Recently_Joined AMD’s_Linux_Team_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Here should hopefully be a great indication about AMD’s Linux efforts moving forward with one of their recent and exciting hires at the company. As noted across various Phoronix articles over the past year, AMD has been ramping up their Linux staff given their market successes on both client and server. This has been much desired considering nearly a decade ago they let go many of their Linux developers and closed their Operating System Research Center. AMD’s Linux support for recent CPU (and GPU) launches has been good, but Intel continues to serve as the “gold standard” of Linux support when it comes to generally providing punctual pre-launch support for new hardware, generally ensuring their new hardware features are supported under Linux, making sure their forthcoming microarchitectures are well supported by the prominent open-source compilers ahead of time, etc. Intel’s large open-source engineering pool has allowed this generally very good pre- launch hardware support. In addition, that large talent pool has led Intel to contributing significantly to various non-Intel-specific improvements to the Linux kernel and other areas. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Mastering_the_Kali_Linux_sources.list_file_usage_|_FOSS Linux⠀⇛ The concept of sources.list is not just a thing of the Kali Linux operating system domain. It is applicable in all Linux operating system distributions. Therefore, when you want to install any application on your Kali Linux operating system, you first have to consider the viability of this file. Also, when you need to upgrade an existing application Kali Linux, this file becomes a key factor. In short, all Linux operating system activities related to application installation, upgrade, and system update all reference the sources.list file. In this case, it tells your Kali Linux operating system where to find system updates, application downloads, and application upgrades. # ⚓ How_to_start,_restart,_check_status,_and_stop_MySQL_server |_FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ MySQL is the world’s most ranking and popular open- source database. This is because the DB has very great and powerful features. However, this does not affect its simplicity for use. The database is generally free and widely used. In this article, we will highly concentrate on how to start up, restart, check status, and stop the MySQL server. We will also look at the basic installation steps of a MySQL database server on our Linux PC, plus some basic commands you need to get started with the MySQL client. # ⚓ Black_screen_error_on_Kali_Linux?_Here’s_how_to_fix_it_| FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ Kali is a Debian-derived Linux distribution that is designed for digital forensics and penetration testing. The penetration testing platforms contain a large array of tools and utilities used by the white-hat community. The OS is funded and maintained by Offensive Security. # ⚓ BorgBackup⠀⇛ Backup is always something you under-appreciate until you need it. Therefore, since I lost a lot of my mails due to non-existing backups in the past, I tried to keep proper backups around the last decade. At least this allowed me to keep all my Kate related development mails intact since 2001 or so, not that bad ;=) [...] After you did initialize the repositories like above, you will have on your NAS and/or server some borg directory in the home of the matching user. You can create a new backup archive of e.g. your home (excluding the .cache directory you might not want) via: borg create –compression zstd –progress –stats \ -e “/home/your-user/.cache” \ “thecooluser@server-name-here:borg::name-of-backup- archive” \ “/home/your-user” On the NAS you will need an additional “–remote- path /usr/local/bin/borg” like for the init command. # ⚓ How_to_Make_Live_and_Video_Wallpapers_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sudoedit_Is_The_Most_Useful_Linux_Command_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Sometimes it’s really obvious that I’m new too Linux and today is one of those times, I only recently realized that Sudoedit exists, this command is incredibly useful and I should have been using for ages. # ⚓ How_To_Install_New_Relic_Infrastructure_Agent_in_Linux System⠀⇛ Using a tool to monitor device status and conditions is not new stuff to learn. The only limitation of the conventional PC monitoring tools is, they only monitor what is on the policy, whereas the New Relic Infrastructure monitors the deep down structures, log analysis, and parameters. It measures dynamic host data, live data for both hardware-level and software level parameters. It can notify you before any components are gone broke. You can monitor every layer of your application and optimize performance. Deploying the Relic infrastructure agent is easy and straightforward for any Linux, Mac, and Windows. # ⚓ How_To_Zoom_In_And_Zoom_Out_Videos_Using_FFmpeg_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ FFmpeg is an opensource, powerful audio and video converter. Using FFmpeg, we can encode, decode, transcode, mux, demux, record, resize, stream, filter, and play almost all type of media files. Not only that, we can also grab live audio/video stream as well. FFmpeg ships with a lots of filters to perform different tasks. One of the lesser known, yet useful filter is zoompan. Using zoompan filter, we can easily zoom in and zoom out videos in Linux. Let me show you how to do that using an example command. Make sure you have installed FFmpeg on your Linux machine. We have documented the steps to install FFmpeg on popular Linux operating systems in the following link. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Steam_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Steam on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Steam is a popular application for Linux, Windows, and macOS to play PC games. It provides you with options to buy and install games, play multiplayer titles, and stay in touch with other gamers via social networking on its platform. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Steam on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ Install_Docker_CE_on_AWS_EC2_(Amazon_Linux_2)_to_run containers⠀⇛ Docker Engine can be installed easily on Amazon Linux 2 running on AWS Ec2 Instance using Yum package manager. If you don’t know how? Then here are the steps to follow. Well, being a command-line operating system running on expensive cloud computing services, we need some virtualize platform with lightweight. And what would be better than Docker? There are lots of benefits of using applications virtualized via containers. It improves security and easier management of the software on the server: If an application is hacked, the attacker can only manipulate the container – not the other virtualized applications on the system. Furthermore, due to hundreds of pre-built Docker images, it is easy to install any OS or app instantly. In addition, adjustments to a container operating system can be implemented without affecting other applications on the server – this also makes development easier. The container format also makes it easier for applications to move between servers, as they each have the right software environment. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Tor_Browser_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Tor Browser on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, the Tor browser is open-source, free software that enables anonymous communication when using online services such as web surfing. For most of us are familiar with this browser, Tor is an option for many users, who wish to use the web as an anonymous person. It provides security to people by hiding their details and conceal their IP address, browsing history. Using the Tor browser, users can access the clear and deep net. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Tor Browser on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ Working_with_Foreground_and_Background_Processes_in_Linux⠀⇛ Any program that is running in the system is called a process. When we start an operating system, be it Windows or Linux, some programs are started by default. In a Linux environment, each process is assigned a process ID or PID, used for many purposes, such as killing a process. A process can be running in the foreground, or it could be running in the background. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Veloren:_Rolling_New_Characters_–_Multiplayer_Mayhem_– Invidious⠀⇛ Time for some FOSS gaming # ⚓ Box64:_Witness_the_Birth_of_the_ARM_Gaming_Scene_–_Boiling Steam⠀⇛ Did you know that on Linux, you can already run x86 32 bits software on an ARM 32bits architecture WITHOUT using a Virtual Machine solution such as QEmu? You can do that at very little performance penalty by using [Box86], a piece of software which takes care of translating x86 32 bits instructions in real-time into something that can be understood by an ARM 32 bits processor. It will also take care of interfacing with the right system libraries accordingly so that an x86 binary made for Linux will run seamlessly on an ARM board running Linux. This made it possible to run tons of applications or even (older) games on boards like the Raspberry Pi. This is the work of a single man, PtitSeb, whom I know well since we were both heavily invested in the Open Pandora community (10 years ago now!). Box86 was initially a piece of software that was ideal for running even more games on the Swiss army knife that the Open Pandora is, and now you can use it on every cheap ARM SoC out there. # ⚓ Help_us_test_next_ScummVM_version⠀⇛ It has been almost a year since the last release of ScummVM. We have made a truly tremendous number of changes, which you can read about in the NEWS.md file. We need your help to test this version! # ⚓ Top_10_Best_Flash_Games_that_you_can_still_play_online⠀⇛ o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Checking_events_and_ticking_todos_on_your_Pinephone_— Kalendar_devlog_12⠀⇛ This week, we have added a host of improvements to Kalendar that should make using it on a touchscreen a significantly nice experience. To demonstrate, we are going to show Kalendar running on the Pinephone! # ⚓ Kalendar_alpha_running_on_Pinephone_(devlog_12)⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_Hoppy_Week_In_Tok⠀⇛ Tok has seen a handful of improvements this week, one being that file messages now show a thumbnail if available. # ⚓ Akademy_2021_Interview:_In_Conversation_with_Patricia Aas⠀⇛ # ⚓ GSoC_Wrap-Up⠀⇛ But since the reference images functionalities are well connected with another tools & functionalitites , it seems to cause some bugs too . I have resolved all the bugs which my mentors suggested after the testing but there might be some usability improvements still. I would like to thank all my mentors in Krita. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Top_new_features_of_GNOME_41⠀⇛ The long-awaited GNOME 41 is out! It contains many new exciting features compared to the previous GNOME 40. We have seen GNOME’s improvements since the first article covered GNOME 3.38 to the latest release, GNOME 41. The rapid technological improvements and advancements are critical articulations to the newer releases that we shall expect in the future. GNOME 41 beta, which showcases the new numbering system, is already out awaiting the stable release in September. This beta release will give you a taste of what you will expect when the official version is released. Like the GNOME 40 release, the GNOME 41 already out does not contain many desktop layouts rejigs. However, many other improvements have been made, and we shall cover them in this article. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Zorin_OS_16_Is_Here:_Check_Out_What’s_New⠀⇛ Zorin OS is an Ubuntu-based distro that aims at making life easier for starting Linux users. It features an elegant user interface and packs many well-known productivity apps. This makes it a great choice for new users as well as those who want a Linux distro that just works. The developers recently released Zorin OS 16, the latest stable version of this distro. It comes with some exciting new features alongside many performance improvements. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian_Linux_with_GNOME_Now_Runs_On_Apple’s_M1_Mac Mini⠀⇛ Back in January, we got our first glimpse at the M1 running desktop Linux thanks to the team at Corellium. While that was a great achievement, it did have a lot of drawbacks, such as no access to the internal storage and no GPU driver. Now, Asahi Linux has just reached a major milestone in terms of getting the M1 usable as a desktop Linux computer: A working GNOME desktop. Unlike the previous achievement by Correllium, this breakthrough utilises a new GPU driver and double-buffering. # ⚓ Statically_linked_packages_with_musl_in OpenEmbedded⠀⇛ In the initrd (initramfs) of EasyOS, there are statically-linked utilities, linked with musl to obtain small size. I had compiled these for x86_64 and aarch64 at different times and using different methods, but have decided to pull them all together. They are now all compiled in OpenEmbedded. # ⚓ OpenEmbedded_project_20210828_uploaded⠀⇛ This blog supports posting in different categories, for example “oe”, “easy” and “light”. In theory, a post can be to more than one category, but I have never tested that. The OpenEmbedded “oe” project is intertwined with EasyOS “easy”, so I often post OpenEmbedded news to the “easy” category. But that is a problem if you go to the “oe” URL, you won’t see those posts… # ⚓ Andrew_Cater:_“If_you_do_it_twice,_it’s_tradition”_– says_nattie⠀⇛ Thanks to all who’ve made Debconf 21 such a good place to be. # ⚓ DebConf21_online_closes⠀⇛ On Saturday 28 August 2021, the annual Debian Developers and Contributors Conference came to a close. DebConf21 has been held online for the second time, due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) disease pandemic. All of the sessions have been streamed, with a variety of ways of participating: via IRC messaging, online collaborative text documents, and video conferencing meeting rooms. With 740 registered attendees from more than 15 different countries and a total of over 70 event talks, discussion sessions, Birds of a Feather (BoF) gatherings and other activities, DebConf21 was a large success. # ⚓ Anton_Gladky:_2021/08,_FLOSS_activity⠀⇛ This is my sixth month of working for LTS. I was assigned 12 hrs and worked all of them. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Here_is_the_first_Xiaomi_smartphone_to_get_the Android_12_update_-⠀⇛ # ⚓ Vodafone_Australia_Android_11_update_tracker_&_list of_eligible_devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nvidia_isn’t_updating_the_Shield_TV_to_Android_10 because_it’s_not_different_enough⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Ways_to_Fix_YouTube_Audio_&_Video_Out_of_Sync_on Android_–_Gadgets_To_Use⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_New_Android_Games_This_Week_–_Behind_the Frame,_Northgard,_Marvel_Future_Revolution_and_More_– Droid_Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Email_apps_for_Android:_Nine,_Aqua_Mail,_Spark, and_more!⠀⇛ # ⚓ 6_Fun_Android_Easter_Eggs_You_Must_See⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9_new_and_notable_Android_apps_from_the_last_week including_Soosee,_Camo,_and_Wear_Installer_(8/21/21_– 8/28/21)⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_gaming_controllers_for_Android_[2021]_– TalkAndroid.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Can_You_Perform_Bitcoin_Trading_From_An_Android Device?⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Track_Lost_Android_Phone_Through_Google_and Find_My_Phone_Apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_pair_your_Samsung_Galaxy_Buds_to_your_Android phone_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Snapchat_Dark_mode_for_Android_phones:_Here’s_how_to get_the_feature⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Auto_and_Apple_CarPlay’s_new_feature_will ease_your_range_anxiety_|_T3⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Delta_Chat_is_an_Open_Source_Messenger_App_That_Uses Email⠀⇛ Delta Chat is yet another internet messaging app, but is does things in a way that is much more freedom-friendly. With Facebook finally changing how WhatsApp works so that they can profit off of the users, many people are choosing to switch to other internet messaging apps like Telegram or Signal. But all of them require your phone number to create an account. This can be a violation of your privacy since your phone number can be associated with your real identity. A new app called Delta Chat seeks to solve that problem. Starting its service in early 2019, it is one of the newest messenger services operated by Merlinux limited in Freiburg, Germany. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Email_Encryption_Made_Easy_for_Gmail_and Thunderbird_Users⠀⇛ This is a continuation to Email Encryption Made Easy with a hope to be more straightforward and useful. Here we will learn how to encrypt Gmail, the mail service used by millions today, in our computer with Thunderbird mail client. The purpose of encryption is security so that your mails can only be read by your recipients and vice versa by disabling other parties, including Google company, ability to read them. This article is a rewrite to the Made Easy because of three reasons, first because BitMessage Mail service is discontinued, second because Gmail is used by nearly all people in the world (that means you and me), and third because Thunderbird now has its own encryption system without Enigmail anymore. This tutorial uses Thunderbird version 78 and security-wise you should please update your version first before continuing. We strongly recommend you to not practice this alone but do with at least one friend of yours using the same Thunderbird so you can completely practice sending as well as receiving encrypted emails. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL:_set_user_2.0.1_released⠀⇛ Crunchy Data is pleased to announce the release of the PostgreSQL set_user Extension module version 2.0.1. This release contains one security fix and one other bug fix. It is highly recommended to update to this version of set_user as soon as possible. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # ⚓ Razer_ponders_how_to_fix_installer_that_grants_admin_powers if_you_plug_in_a_mouse⠀⇛ Razer is said to be working on an updated installer after it was discovered you can gain admin privileges on Windows by plugging in one of the gaming gear maker’s mice or keyboards. In fact, inserting any USB device that declares itself a Razer mouse or keyboard will lead to an exploitable situation. As documented late last week by a Twitter user called j0nh4t, if you plug into a Windows 10 or 11 machine a device identified as a Razer mouse or keyboard, Microsoft’s OS will automatically download and run Razer’s installer for the manufacturer’s Synapse software, which can be used to configure the peripheral. # ⚓ Lost_in_IKEA?_So,_it_seems,_is_Windows_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Microsoft Windows flaunts itself upon the screens of IKEA as the not-at-all creepy setup screens pose an unanswerable question – can we use your location? The problem, as any visitor to the retail giant will attest, is actually knowing where one is in the temple of flatpacked furniture. We’ve certainly spent many an hour toiling around the Croydon branch in search of an exit and instead come away with several sacks of tea lights that remain unopened to this day. So if we’re not too sure of our in-store location, we’re also not sure what Microsoft plans to do with the information. “It looks like you’re about to have a relationship-ending row. Would you like some help with that?” is just the sort of perky advice we could do without. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Bérénice_Thom_is_new_presiding_judge_at_Regional Court_Düsseldorf [Ed: We need more science, not more courts,_more_lawyers_and_more_judges_to_tax_actual scientists]⠀⇛ The patent community has expected the appointment of Bérénice Thom for weeks. The 41-year-old began her career at Preu Bohlig and moved to the North Rhine-Westphalia judiciary in 2011. She became a judge at Düsseldorf Regional Court’s patent chambers in 2013. # ⚓ Unitary_patents_101 [Ed: This is an utter lie and false advertising by lawyers; there's no UPC, such a system is untenable, but they hope that endless repetition of falsehoods will bring some momentum]⠀⇛ The unitary patent will be a brand-new type of patent, which will have ‘unitary effect’ throughout the participating European states. # ⚓ Nintendo_and_Bardehle_defend_Wii_patent_for_second time [Ed: This is a very, very exceptionally malicious ‘law’ firm that pushes software_patents_in_defiance_of the_law]⠀⇛ The EP 1 854 518 protects a game operating device. It combines ergonomic aspects with sensor technology, including a camera and accelerometer. The Wii Remote, the main controller for Nintendo’s Wii console, features the technology. The Japanese company launched the product in 2006. Bigben Interactive, the subsidiary of a French manufacturer of video games and gaming accessories (now Nacon), marketed a controller that was compatible with the Wii console. Nintendo claimed this infringed its patent and filed a lawsuit at Mannheim Regional Court in June 2010. # ⚓ Four_graphs_on_20_years_of_UK_patent_filing [Ed: Decrease in patenting can be a positive thing. Unless you are a patent litigation profiteer... like those who fund this propaganda mill]⠀⇛ Managing IP picks four trends from a recent UKIPO report and asks lawyers why patent applications have dipped by 34% in 20 years ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2345 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/8/2021:_Wine_6.16_and_man-pages_5.13⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:40 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ 7_Reasons_Why_I_use_Lenovo_Thinkpad_Laptops_(for_Linux)⠀⇛ There are often people asking “what laptop should I get to use Linux and face the least amount of hardware issues?” For me, this is almost a settled answer for many years now. My default choice is Lenovo, and more specifically the Thinkpad line (originally designed by IBM). Why did I go that path, you might ask? Let me give you some perspective. Note that I am not doing this on behalf of Lenovo or anyone else for that matter: I’m just a very happy user of this brand over the years on multiple machines. And of course, I am typing this on a Thinkpad. So here goes: o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Exploring_Void_Linux_–_A_Different_Kind_Of_Distro_– Invidious⠀⇛ Today, I’m taking a quick look at Void Linux. Void is an interesting Linux distribution in that it is an independent distro, and it is quite minimal (suckless) by design. It has its own package manager and its own init system (not systemd!). # ⚓ I_wasn’t_prepared_for_how_much_System76_has_changed!_– Invidious⠀⇛ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_set_to_boost_future_enterprise_application security⠀⇛ # ⚓ Linux_Could_Use_A_New_Maintainer_For_Its_CD-ROM_Code_– Phoronix⠀⇛ Current Linux block subsystem maintainer Jens Axboe started out in the late 90′s taking over maintainership of the Linux kernel’s CD-ROM driver code. However, as he’s busy these days with IO_uring and other prominent I/O activities for Linux, he’s hoping someone interested and capable would want to take over the Linux kernel’s CD-ROM code. Jens acknowledges that the CD-ROM kernel code “isn’t an area of hot development” but is looking for someone willing to take it over as he hasn’t the time to devote to it with everything else on his plate. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ AMD_ROCm_4.3.1_Released_With_RHEL_8.4_+_SLES_15_SP3 Support_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ ROCm 4.3 released at the start of August with support for HMM memory allocations, support for indirect function calls and C++ virtual functions with the ROCm compiler, improved data center tool integration, better rocBLAS performance, and a range of other improvements. In approaching the end of August, ROCm 4.3.1 is now available. ROCm 4.3.1 isn’t nearly as big as the rather significant ROCm 4.3 release that opened the month. With ROCm 4.3.1 there is now support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4, support for SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP3, and reverts back to using its legacy pass manager. ROCm 4.3 used its new pass manager by default but it turns out it regressed some workloads and as a result for 4.3.1 is switching back to the legacy pass manager to correct the performance. o § Benchmarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_SSD_Benchmarks_With_Btrfs_vs._EXT4_vs._F2FS_vs. XFS⠀⇛ A number of Phoronix readers have been asking about some fresh file-system comparisons on recent kernels. With not having the time to conduct the usual kernel version vs. file-system comparison, here are some fresh benchmarks looking at the Btrfs, EXT4, F2FS, and XFS file-system benchmarks on a speedy WD_BLACK SN850 NVMe solid-state drive. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Release_Roundup_#21.35:_Ubuntu_20.04.3,_OpenShot_2.6, MX_Linux_21,_and_More_New_Releases⠀⇛ OpenShot 2.6 is a major release for the video editor adding AI and computer vision effects. You can check out our original coverage to learn more about the release. # ⚓ man-pages-5.13_released⠀⇛ Alex Colomar and I have released released man- pages-5.13. The release tarball is available on kernel.org. The browsable online pages can be found on man7.org. The Git repository for man-pages is available on kernel.org. This release resulted from patches, bug reports, reviews, and comments from 40 contributors. The release includes around 200 commits that changed around 120 manual pages. # ⚓ An_alternative_Twitter_interface⠀⇛ Once a problem child on Linux, the Twitter client TweetDeck now installs easily, offering unrivaled features. However, potential changes in the updated beta version raise potential concerns for its future as an alternative Linux-based Twitter interface. TweetDeck, the Twitter client, has a troubled history with Linux. When TweetDeck was a standalone interface, it was difficult to install because of its dependency on Adobe Air, which lacked a 64-bit Linux version. In addition, TweetDeck was Gnome- centric and did not always run well on other desktop environments. As a result, at least a dozen Linux alternatives for the command line and non- Gnome desktops have come and gone in the last decade or so, including Anatine, Choqok, Franz, Rainbow Stream, and Turpial — all of which are adequate for basic tweeting but which lack TweetDeck’s array of advanced features. By the time Twitter acquired TweetDeck a decade ago and released it as a freeware web application, Linux users had simply fallen out of the habit of trying to work with it. However, the installation problems no longer exist, and there is still no other Twitter client on any platform that rivals TweetDeck’s advanced features. A reconsideration of TweetDeck is long overdue. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Intro_to_Kernel_and_Userspace_Tracing_Using_BCC,_Part_1_of 3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Crack_WPA/WPA2_WiFi_Passwords_using_Aircrack-ng_&_Kali Linux⠀⇛ For anyone who wants to get started on an Ethical Hacking career, one of the topics you will encounter is Networking hacking. That involves, Cracking WIFI passwords (WEP, WPA, WPA2), Deauthentication attacks (disconnecting users on a WIFI network), Man In The Middle (MITM) attacks, packet-sniffing, and packet-analysis. This post will give you a detailed guide on cracking WPA/WPA2 wifi passwords using Kali Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Gulp.js_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Gulp is a cross-platform free, open-source JavaScript toolkit that helps developers automate and enhance workflows. Gulp is a task running built on Node.js and NPM that helps developers reduce many time-consuming tasks such as modification and optimization, amongst many other things. Gulp also features a piping output from one task as an input into the next. # ⚓ Initial_Server_Setup_with_Debian_11_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ Linux distributions are widely used to create servers, and businesses are benefiting from this low-cost and secure solution. Linux distributions including Debian provide tons of utilities to set up, configure, and secure servers. Debian is a stable, secure, and quite popular Linux operating system and ideal for server setup. Many distributions are based on it, especially well- liked Ubuntu, PureOS, SteamOS, etc. The newest version of Debian is Debian 11 Bullseye, which comes with thousands of new packages, supports multiple desktop environments, driverless scanning, and an improved manual page. This write-up is focusing on how to install, set up a server on Debian 11 Bullseye. When you install or upgrade to Debian 11, there is a configuration you need to perform to make your server secure. # ⚓ How_to_install_Manjaro_21.1.0_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Manjaro 21.1.0. # ⚓ How_to_use_Chown_in_ubuntu⠀⇛ This tutorial explains how to use the chown Linux command to change a file or directory user or group ownership. Before starting, let’s see the ls -l command output, which will bring us information on file and directory permissions. # ⚓ How_to_connect_Kali_Linux_to_a_wireless_network?⠀⇛ Today, wireless networks are more common in open areas and major corporations, requiring security enhancements to govern authenticity and confidentiality. A wireless network enables participants to stay connected to the network while roaming without the need for wires. Because access points amplify Wi-Fi signals, a machine can be far away from a router and still be connected to the network. You connect to that institution’s wireless network when you link to a Wi-Fi hotspot in a cafe or other public venue. Radio Frequency (RF) technology operates wireless networks, a frequency related to radio wave transmission within the electromagnetic spectrum. Whenever an RF current is sent into an antenna, it creates an electromagnetic field that can travel over space. Most people are aware of the wireless icon sign on a laptop or phone that signifies a healthy wireless LAN connection, but few are acquainted with the antiquity of Wi-Fi technology. Surprisingly, Wi-Fi was created as a marketing term to promote and facilitate interoperability across various wireless LAN systems rather than the technology itself. Wi- Fi was never intended to be a shorter wireless communication version; it was simply a play on the phrase hi-fi (high fidelity), a nod to large audio technology. Because wireless networks transfer data over the air, data leakage is always a possibility. When compared to copper cable, wireless networks have a larger risk of data leakage and tampering. As a result, in wireless networks, increased concentrations of data encryption are a must. A Wireless network’s device capacity can be raised without the need for extra cabling. Additional copper wiring is necessary for cabled LAN networks to expand the number of workers. We can run Kali Linux wirelessly after we adjust our wireless network. We can have all of the freedoms of a typical PC in a legitimate, ethical penetration test because we don’t need an Ethernet wire. # ⚓ How_to_Undo_or_Redo_Changes_in_Vim⠀⇛ Made a mistake while editing a file with Vim? Don’t worry, you can undo the changes in Vim and if you want, you can redo the changes as well. # ⚓ How_to_Enable_Hibernate_Function_&_Menu_Option_in_Ubuntu 21.10_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Computer hibernate does not work in your Ubuntu? Here’s step by step complete guide shows how to enable this feature. Similar to suspend, hibernate can be used to save your system work. It moves the content from RAM memory into swap area in hard disk, then shutdown your machine completely. Next time you boot the computer, it restores the system status exactly as it was. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Usermin_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Usermin on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Usermin is a web-based interface mainly for webmail designed for non-root users to perform routine tasks including, reading mail, changing passwords, setting up databases, and a web-based SSH terminal. It’s a stripped-down version of Webmin that’s intended for regular users without always system administrators. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Usermin on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Change_Hostname_Debian_10⠀⇛ The hostname of a system is basically the name of the system over a network. Whenever installing Debian, the installer will ask for a username and a computer name. It serves as the hostname of the system. Any hostname should be unique to avoid conflicts over the network. Although first assigned during installation, we can change the hostname later on. This guide showcases changing the hostname on Debian 10. # ⚓ Manage_Your_PostgreSQL_Database_With_pgAdmin_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Majority of all the servers running across the globe use a Linux-based operating system. It comes as no surprise that Linux is one of the most prevalent operating systems that developers prefer to use. Alongside these servers, databases also play a crucial role in the web infrastructure. As a developer, you might be inclined to run PostgreSQL, a popular relational database, on your local Linux machine. Here’s how you can install pgAdmin, an easy-to-use GUI tool that can help you manage these databases on Linux. # ⚓ Edit_“bashrc”_on_Linux_for_Color_Prompt⠀⇛ The bashrc file in Linux is a configuration file containing configurations related to the system’s terminal. This file is executed whenever you log into your Linux system. By making different changes to this file, you can easily customize your Linux terminal within seconds. This includes changing the color of the prompt, playing around with the fonts, changing the user names that appear on the terminal, etc. For this particular discussion, we are interested in finding out the method of editing the bashrc file for changing the color of the prompt in a Ubuntu 20.04 system. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Wine_[6.16]_Announcement⠀⇛ The Wine development release 6.16 is now available. What's new in this release (see below for details): - Initial version of a HID-based joystick backend. - Improved high-DPI theming support. - More preparation work for the GDI syscall interface. - Better CodeView support in WineDump. - Various bug fixes. The source is available from the following locations: https://dl.winehq.org/wine/source/6.x/wine- 6.16.tar.xz http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/wine/source/6.x/wine- 6.16.tar.xz Binary packages for various distributions will be available from: https://www.winehq.org/download You will find documentation on https:// www.winehq.org/documentation You can also get the current source directly from the git repository. Check https://www.winehq.org/git for details. Wine is available thanks to the work of many people. See the file AUTHORS in the distribution for the complete list. # ⚓ Wine_6.16_Released_With_Better_HiDPI_Theming,_Initial_HID- Based_Joystick_Backend_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Wine 6.16 is out as the newest bi-weekly development release of this widely-used software for running Windows games and applications on Linux and other systems. Exciting with Wine 6.16 is improved HiDPI theme support as well as an initial version of a HID- based joystick back-end. There also remains ongoing work around the GDI system call interface. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ IXION_is_a_city-building_survival_game_on_a_huge_moving space_station_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Coming from Bulwark Studios and Kasedo Games (Warhammer 40,000: Mechanicus) we have IXION, a new sci-fi building and exploration game with a trailer where the moon blows up. A game that combines together elements of a few different genres. There’s city-building, survival elements and plenty of exploring space in what they’re saying is quite like a space opera. You are the admin of the Tiqqun space station, and you job is to find a new home for humanity since Earth is no longer suitable. # ⚓ Stone_Age_co-op_farming_life_sim_Roots_of_Pacha_looks wonderful_in_the_new_trailer⠀⇛ Roots of Pacha is a crowdfunded Stone Age farming life adventure coming to Linux. A little like a prehistoric Stardew Valley and the latest walk- through trailer is looking wonderful. Funded on Kickstarter back in March 2021, developer Soda Den managed to pull in a sweet $355,388 so it was one of the more popular crowdfunding campaigns of this year. The game is primarily a farming sim but there’s no special shops here. Instead, you need to explore the stone age world and discover everything. You will also need to domesticate all your discoveries and improve them by making wild variants “more nutritious and valuable”. You can so it all alone or in online co-op too. # ⚓ Rolling_New_Characters_&_Multiplayer_Mayhem_–_Invidious⠀⇛ o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Poppler_21.09_will_have_a_massive_speed_increase_for PDF_files_that_use_lots_of_save/restore_PDF_commands⠀⇛  Take the file from poppler issue 1126. It’s a file that doesn’t look super complicated, a map of some caves. With Poppler 21.08 it took 46 seconds to render in my relatively powerful i9-8950HK Thanks to a patch from Thomas Freitag that time got reduced to 28 seconds by not recalculating again something we had already calculated and just copying it. Huge improvement! [This patch was developed prior to the filing of issue 1126, i guess Thomas had found similar issues on his own] Then issue 1126 was created yesterday and it was clear that we were still super slow, mupdf/gs/firefox/chromium can render the file almost instantly, and we were at 28 seconds. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_41_Beta_is_Now_Available⠀⇛ The most popular open-source desktop environment is on the cusp of yet another new release, but don’t expect the massive changes found in the previous iteration. GNOME 40 brought to life some major changes to the desktop environment (such as the horizontal workflow). And although topping that release would be a monumental task, the developers do have some tricks up their sleeve for the soon-to-be-released GNOME 41. And now that the desktop environment is in beta, you can experience those tweaks for yourself. The big-ticket items for this upcoming release include a new multitasking panel in the Settings window. This new Settings tab allows you to configure Hot Corners, Active Screen Edges, Workspace options, and app switching preferences. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ EndeavourOS_Has_a_New_ISO_Release_with_an_Improved Installer,_New_App,_and_More⠀⇛ The new ISO release comes with a much- improved Calamares graphical installer that lets you install EndeavourOS with the Btrfs file system using a subvolume scheme when choosing the automatic partitioning, the ability to store and transfer the Wi-Fi credentials to the installed system, as well as a better user experience when deselecting the packages you don’t need in the selected desktop environment. In addition, the installer was improved to let users choose a Linux-LTS kernel during the installation, as well as to select or deselect the EndeavourOS theming when choosing the Xfce desktop environment or the i3 window manager in the online installer. It also features support for parallel downloads, which makes the entire installation process a lot faster. # ⚓ Open_source_Kodi_19_Matrix-based_LibreELEC_10_Linux distribution_available_for_download⠀⇛ Kodi is a wonderful open source media player that provides users with an immersive experience that is optimized for the living room. While the software gets a bad reputation because some (most?) people use it for piracy, many strictly use it for legal media consumption. As more and more illegal Kodi add-on maintainers face legal trouble, and streaming services like Netflix, HBO Max, and Disney+ remain competitively priced, fewer folks are seeking pirated content nowadays. LibreELEC is a Linux distribution that exists solely to run the aforementioned Kodi. It supports many hardware configurations, including traditional x86_64 for PC and some ARM devices like the Raspberry Pi 4. And now, a stable version of LibreELEC 10 becomes available for download. Sadly, support for the Raspberry Pi 0 and 1 is now discontinued. # ⚓ LibreELEC_10_delivers_Kodi_19.1_and_Raspberry_Pi_4 enhancements⠀⇛ The LibreELEC 10.0 Linux distro has been released with Kodi (Matrix) v19.1 media center software. It switches to Python 3 and brings HDR 10 and audio passthrough to the RPi 4. The LibreELEC project announced the final v10 release of its open source Linux distribution designed for playing Kodi media center software. LibreELEC uses Kodi 19.1, the bug- fixed version released in May of the major Kodi “Matrix” 19.0 release. LibreELEC, which we last covered in 2016 with LibreELEC 7.0, is a fork of the now defunct OpenELEC, the original just-enough-Linux distro for running Kodi. The lightweight distribution is widely considered the best way to run Kodi on embedded devices because it does not compete with Kodi for resources. Unlike Kodi-fied alternatives such as the Raspbian based OSMC and Xbian, it’s pretty much exclusively designed to run Kodi. # ⚓ LibreELEC_10.0_minimal_Linux_OS_for_media_playback released_with_Kodi_19.1⠀⇛ While most TV boxes and SBCs nowadays ship with or support a version of Android, people who just want the best viewing experience may prefer to switch to a Linux distribution such as LibreELEC or CoreELEC. The good news is that LibreELEC 10.0 has just been released with Kodi 19.1 and Linux 5.10 LTS. LibreELEC 10.0 is said to work well for Allwinner, Rockchip, and “Generic” Intel/AMD devices, while the Raspberry Pi 4 release’s codebase is rather new, and there may still be a few rough edges. Support for the previous generation Raspberry Pi boards has been dropped, and there’s no support for Amlogic platforms as CoreELEC already provides good support. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Friday’s_Fedora_Facts:_2021- 34⠀⇛ Here’s your weekly Fedora report. Read what happened this week and what’s coming up. Your contributions are welcome (see the end of the post)! I have weekly office hours on Wednesdays in the morning and afternoon (US/Eastern time) in #fedora-meeting-1. Drop by if you have any questions or comments about the schedule, Changes, elections, or anything else. See the upcoming meetings for more information. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ You_Can_Now_Upgrade_to_MATE_Desktop_1.26_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ The ‘Fresh MATE PPA’ is maintained by Ubuntu MATE developers, and is aimed at existing users of Ubuntu MATE who want to install MATE desktop 1.26 on their systems. However, the PPA (and the packages within) are compatible with all Ubuntu flavours, meaning you can add this PPA to install the MATE desktop experience alongside whichever DEs you use at present (just, be careful). The PPA provides updated MATE desktop components (including new versions of core apps like Pluma and Caja) for Ubuntu MATE 20.04 LTS and Ubuntu MATE 21.04 (Ubuntu 20.10 went EOL last month) # ⚓ Winners_of_the_21.10_Wallpaper_competition_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Congratulations to our winners! With over 200 submissions and several hundred voters, the competition was tough. But, the votes are in, and here are the winning wallpapers. The first two make it into the official release 21.10 image and are automatically entered into the runnings for 22.04. The other eight you see here will be celebrated over on our social media channels and if there’s space in the image, they’ll get a look in too. The original winning submissions and all of the others are still available on Discourse, but voting has now closed. # ⚓ DataOps:_keeping_the_data_flowing_with_Model-driven Operations⠀⇛ Recognising the complexity and productivity challenges contemporary operations teams face, and seeking to help teams to encode their wisdom into automation models, Canonical responded with Juju – the reference framework for Model-driven Operations. Juju is a free, open source model-driven operations solution. Juju supports teams by encoding operations knowledge and wisdom into composable solution-building blocks. Connecting two building blocks—or Charms, as we call them—is as easy as `juju add-relation kafka:monitoring prometheus` o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Jolla_is_profitable_and_is_expanding_its_software_offering to_automotive_industry⠀⇛ Finnish startup Jolla that is offering the alternative smartphone OS Sailfish, well-known to all Nokia phones and regularly covered here on the blog, was profitable in 2020. Built as a successor of MeeGo, the Linux-based Sailfish OS saw good adoption in Russia, mainly with the government, but is also available to general consumers on certain Sony devices. # ⚓ Fanless_mini-PC_features_Tiger_Lake_and_Thunderbolt_4⠀⇛ SimplyNUC’s fanless, $679 and up “Tiger Canyon Porcoolpine” NUC mini-PC runs Linux or Win 10 on Intel’s 11th Gen CPUs and features NVMe, 2.5GbE, 6x USB ports, including a Thunderbolt 4, and quad 4K display support. Most Intel-based mini-PCs ship with pre-installed Windows, so if you want to run Linux, you are not only forced to do a bit more work, but are paying for more than you want. It seems fitting that as we celebrate the 30th birthday of Linux, SimplyNUC comes along with an 11th Gen Tiger Lake ULP based mini-PC called the Tiger Canyon Porcoolpine that you can order barebones or with pre-installed Ubuntu or Fedora (or else pay $120 or more for Win 10). Applications include digital kiosks, vending machines, and other embedded and desktop duties. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Super_8_camera_goes_digital_with_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Xiaomi_releases_its_first_internal_beta_of_MIUI_12.5 based_on_Android_12_–_Phandroid⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_C21_gets_Android_11_update_with_Realme_UI_2.0 –_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Third_Android_Auto_update_rolls_out_this_month_as Google_accelerates_its_release_schedule_|_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ Xiaomi_becomes_the_World’s_leading_5G_Android Smartphone_Brand⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_users_affected_by_Joker_virus._Delete_these_8 apps_that_steal_money⠀⇛ # ⚓ Over_1_million_Gamers_exposed_to_hackers_by_known Android_game_developer_from_China⠀⇛ # ⚓ We_asked,_you_told_us:_These_two_things_would_make you_leave_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Intigral_picks_Irdeto_for_Android_TV_security_– Digital_TV_Europe⠀⇛ # ⚓ YouTube_Rolls_Out_Line_Icons_For_Android_TV_Player⠀⇛ # ⚓ Shield_TV_Android_10_update_won’t_be_released_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ CommScope_(COMM),_Evoca_Partner_for_Android_TV_Set- Top_Solution⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_Watch_4_Review:_First_Good_Android Smartwatch⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Public Services/Government⠀➾ # ⚓ The_stars_are_aligning_for_federal_IT_open_source software_adoption⠀⇛ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Practical_Advice_for_R_in_Production_–_Answering_Your Questions⠀⇛ Earlier this month, Jack Walton and I delivered a webinar with RStudio on the benefits of putting R into production environments, and how to do it successfully. We received tons of questions from participants, ranging from package management, to team organization, and container best practices. Below is a summary of our answers to your questions. # ⚓ Extern_in_C++⠀⇛ The word “extern” in C++ is a specifier. Its use in C++ is explained in this article for variables and functions. First, the meanings of declaration and definition in C++ are given. # ⚓ Inline_Functions_in_C++⠀⇛ When a normal function is called in C++, some are overheard just for calling the function. Actually, calling a function takes time before the function really starts executing. This time between when the function is called and when the function really starts executing is called the switching time. If the normal function is large, meaning it will take a long to execute, then the switching time is relatively small, and the user can ignore it. However, if the normal function is small, as many functions are, then the switching time, roughly the same for large and small functions, should not be ignored. In many situations, the switching time is longer than the time the small function takes to really execute; in some cases, much longer. To solve this problem, C++ uses macro and the inline function. A macro is like a small function, but it is usually shorter than a typical small function. The longest macro is still one “statement”. A function body can have more than one statement. A small inline function has advantages over a normal small function. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ DHT11_Humidity_and_Temperature_Sensor_With Raspberry_PI_Pico_and_MicroPython⠀⇛ The DHT11 is a very simple chip (easy to find on common ecommerce stores) which brings to your projects the ability to read Temperature and Humidity. Let’s see how to connect and use DHT11 with Raspberry PI Pico and use it with MicroPython * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Ericsson_launches_slew_of_initiatives_to_reskill_employees⠀⇛ The new ‘Digital Academy’ is a platform that aims to empower employees to build their digital skills to drive technologies like AI/automation through digitalisation and data science competence building. The firm’s ‘5G Academy’ platform is dedicated to creating pathways for employees to upskill and stay ahead of the curve on 5G RAN, 5G Core and Cloud RAN. Finally, the ‘Rise Up’ initiative is a virtual leadership platform that has a targeted development approach to building employee power skills and learning business strategy, storytelling, negotiation, and ethics. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Behavior_Cloning_for_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning_Trajectory Generation⠀⇛ Motion planning for robotic arms is much more computationally intensive than one would initially realize. When you move your arm around, you do not need to actively think about how to move your individual joints to reach an end position while avoiding obstacles because our brains are very efficient at motion planning. Robotic arms handle motion planning differently than humans. Before the robot moves, the motion planner has already calculated all states between the start and end position. The computational difficulty in this approach comes from the infinite number of possible joint positions for the arm to be in between the start and end goal. Therefore, search over this space would be extremely inefficient. Consequently, motion planners simplify the problem by discretizing the possible arm positions to facilitate efficient motion planning. By doing this, we limit the positions the arm can take to positions that are within this discretization. This approach works well for free space motion when the arm does not need to plan around a cluttered scene, but often struggles to compute trajectories for tightly constrained spaces, such as if the arm is in a tight passageway. If the discretization is too course, a solution may not be possible for standard motion planners. If we make the discretization more fine, then computation will be exponentially longer. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Reports_Of_Cheating_At_Colleges_Soar_During_The_Pandemic⠀⇛ As college moved online in the COVID-19 crisis, many universities are reporting increases, sometimes dramatic ones, in academic misconduct. At Virginia Commonwealth University, reports of academic misconduct soared during the 2020-21 school year, to 1,077 — more than three times the previous year’s number. At the University of Georgia, cases more than doubled; from 228 in the fall of 2019 to more than 600 last fall. And, at The Ohio State University, reported incidents of cheating were up more than 50% over the year before. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Everything_old_is_new_again:_Abusing_religious_exemptions to_avoid_COVID-19_vaccines⠀⇛ In the age of COVID-19, everything antivaccine that is old is new again. I know I say this a lot, but it’s true. I admit that one reason why I keep repeating this is because I remain a bit miffed at how, prepandemic, so many of my fellow doctors sanctimoniously dismissed what I say about antivaxxers as ridiculous over the years or, more recently, dismissed combatting antivaccine disinformation and quackery and as “dunking on a 7′ hoop.” Before safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines were developed in record time, that disinformation largely took the form of old antivaccine tropes of minimizing the severity of COVID-19 and touting natural immunity, with the added repurposed trope claiming that masks are useless and harmful (like vaccines!) and therefore shouldn’t be required. Since the vaccines arrived, we’ve seen the recycled lies that COVID-19 vaccines don’t work, shed and endanger those around the vaccinated, cause female infertility, harm, and even kill (large numbers of people, yet). With the approval of Comirnaty, the COVID-19 vaccine made by BioNTech and Pfizer signaling more widespread vaccine mandates from businesses and governments, predictably (in the US) antivaxxers are now invoking religion to claim religious exemptions, with some antivaxxers like Megan Redshaw of Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s antivaccine propaganda organization Children’s Health Defense churning out articles like How to Get a COVID Vaccine Religious Exemption. # ⚓ Covid_Strikes_Back⠀⇛ To be fair, Biden lacked the time to stop delta, which first surfaced in India in December 2020. But he could have slowed it. If billions, instead of hundreds of millions of people got the vaccine – which Biden could have ensured – that would have spared the world much misery. And who’s to say covid is done? Multitudes, nearly whole countries in the Global South aren’t vaccinated, as the virus entrenches itself, becoming endemic. It could be mutating as you read these words. In fact, it probably is. The next variant could be worse. It could be a killer, whether you’re vaccinated or not. All we can do is tip the odds in our favor by inoculating the world. But our leaders refuse. Because that involves transgressing the neoliberal shibboleth that no matter what, government never interferes with corporate profits. Before new, vaccine-resistant mutations clobber us, it’s worth noting that the delta variant is bad enough. It severely sickens young people. Its incubation period is shorter – three or four days. It smashes through the vaccine and infects people who thought they couldn’t get sick. And it’s a killer. A killer of unvaccinated people in their 20s and 30s. Hospitals in Florida, Arkansas, Mississippi and Texas are overrun. It’s only a matter of time before deaths of the unvaccinated mushroom. # ⚓ States_Pull_Back_on_COVID_Data_Even_as_Delta_Variant Surges⠀⇛ # ⚓ 107K_New_US_COVID_Deaths_Predicted_by_Dec._Unless_We_Mask Up,_Health_Model_Says⠀⇛ # ⚓ Death_&_Distractions⠀⇛ In comparison with the way so many Covid people suffered and died, some separated from their loved ones, dying alone, so far beyond in import by what we mean when we say we all die alone, Elaine died at home with me. The world-wide pandemic context of my grieving for her has been and remains more than enough for me to realize that right now is the time for each of us to review our lives as mortals, a review that so much in our fame and fortune ambitions have kept out of sight. I see mortality strongly brought to the fore in the elemental struggles of people of color just to be allowed to breathe. Their mortality is a daily presence simply because they live in a culture in which their lives can and are so haphazardly taken in this country. I see death pursuing those fleeing for their lives in Afghanistan. Death pursues and finds us inevitably but I see the disgusting ways we underwrite it, the ways we fund it, the ways we accept it not for ourselves but the price others must pay. # ⚓ Crucial_Points_in_the_Pandemic_Origin_Debate⠀⇛ * The US Congress can investigate without Chinese involvement. While many are calling for deeper inquiry (an overdue, good thing) they are doing so in a manner that places the burden purely on China. This is wrong for a number of reasons. Richard Ebright at Rutgers has stated: “Many threads of investigation are available in the US and would be accessible to a Congressional inquiry with subpoena power. At EcoHealth. At funding agencies (USAID, DTRA, DARPA, DHS, and NIH). At publishers (Springer-Nature and Lancet). No cooperation from China needed.” See my piece on Peter Daszak’s EcoHealth Alliance, which funded the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s dangerous lab work and itself received over $100 million in USAID, Pentagon and NIH money. * Many like to say they are not “conspiracy theorists” but what does that mean? There are real conspiracies — tobacco companies and Perdue Pharma with opioids are obvious examples. There clearly was a conspiracy going on with Peter Dazsak organizing the Feb 19, 2020 Lancet letter that dozens of scientists signed dismissing the possibility of lab origin. Daszak funded the Wuhan Institute of Virology’s dangerous lab work while dismissing the possibility of lab origin. He absurdly claimed he had no conflicts of interest and was then put on the WHO Committee regarding lab origins, and the Lancet committee by Jeffrey Sachs of Columbia University. None of this outrageous behavior resulted in any substantial reaction in most of the US establishment media for over a year. Where were virologists, scientists, science publications who all should have criticized Daszak for trying to hide his conflicts of interest? See work by US Right to Know that FOIAed relevant documents. # ⚓ Neil_Young_on_Concerts_In_the_Covid_Age:_‘These_Are_Super Spreader_Events’⠀⇛ Live Nation and AEG are both requiring that fans at their shows provide proof of vaccination or a recent negative Covid test, but Young seems to feel that isn’t enough. “Live Nation, AEG, and the other big promoters could shut this down if they could just forget about making money for a while,” Young writes. “They control much of the entertainment business. They hold the power to stop shows where thousands congregate and spread. It’s money that keeps it going. Money that motivates the spreading. The big promoters are responsible for super spreaders.” # ⚓ TikTok,_Reddit,_and_Facebook_are_struggling_with_ivermectin misinformation⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Critical_Vulnerability_Exposed_Azure_Cosmos_DBs_for Months⠀⇛ Earlier this month, researchers with the cloud security firm Wiz discovered a vulnerability in the Azure cloud platform that could allow a remote attacker to take over Cosmos DB instances without authorization, with full administrative rights, meaning they could read, write, or delete databases. “The vulnerability has a trivial exploit that doesn’t require any previous access to the target environment, and impacts thousands of organizations, including numerous Fortune 500 companies,” the researchers, who named the vulnerability ChaosDB, say. # ⚓ Apple_CEO_Brings_Home_$750_Million_Bonus⠀⇛ He promptly cashed out the 5 million shares, which were given based on both performance and time with the company. # ⚓ Microsoft_warns_thousands_of_cloud_customers_of exposed_databases⠀⇛ “This is the worst cloud vulnerability you can imagine. It is a long-lasting secret,” Luttwak told Reuters. “This is the central database of Azure, and we were able to get access to any customer database that we wanted.” # ⚓ Microsoft_Cloud_Databases_Vulnerable_for_Years,_Firm Says⠀⇛ More than 3,300 of the software giant’s customers were exposed to a flaw in its Azure Cosmos DB database product that could have granted a malicious actor access keys to steal, edit or delete sensitive data, according to researchers at the Tel Aviv- based Wiz.io. Wiz’s co-founder and Chief Technology Officer Ami Luttwak says his team of researchers discovered the vulnerability on Aug. 9 while managing security for some of its own Fortune 500 clients. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Foundation_Energy’s_Executive Director,_Dr._Shuli_Goodman,_On Decarbonization_At_The_Electron_Level [Ed: The brand “Linux” is being misappropriated_for_greenwashing]⠀⇛ I recently had the pleasure of chatting with Dr. Shuli Goodman, the executive director of Linux Foundation Energy (LF Energy). The conversation was educational for me and it’s exciting to see how The Linux Foundation is doing its part in helping to decarbonize our world. Shuli’s background is in innovation theory and in the adoption and diffusion of innovation. Before explaining what LF Energy does, Shuli told me that she agreed with Elon Musk’s take on building the future, referring to a recent article of mine. That article covered Elon Musk’s visit to Giga Berlin, where he gave a passionate speech about the future. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Unsupported_IoT_Devices_Are_Cyber-Trouble Waiting_To_Happen [Ed: Many things ought not be connected to the Internet in the first place, but the disposable junk market insists otherwise]⠀⇛ Imagine reading a headline in tomorrow’s news stating that your neighbor’s identity was stolen and their life savings cleaned out by criminals who entered through their ‘smart’ washing machine. Ridiculous, you say? Well, have you checked your own home Wi-Fi network lately? You might have several connected household gadgets and other internet of things (IoT) devices tethered wirelessly through a misconfigured router with no firewall settings. Is the firmware current? Are security patches up to date? Still not convinced this is a serious problem? Then consider this glaring example of how dangerous an outdated device can be. In June, Western Digital My Book NAS owners worldwide found out that their devices were mysteriously factory reset and all their files were deleted. My Book Live and My Book Live Duo are personal cloud storage devices. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple’s_Plan_to_Scan_Photos_in_Messages Turns_Young_People_Into_Privacy_Pawns⠀⇛ Apple’s goals are laudable: protecting children from strangers who use communication tools to recruit and exploit them, and limiting the spread of child sexual abuse material. And it’s clear that there are no easy answers when it comes to child endangerment. But scanning and flagging Messages images will, unfortunately, create serious potential for danger to children and partners in abusive households. It both opens a security hole in Messages, and ignores the reality of where abuse most often happens, how dangerous communications occur, and what young people actually want to feel safe online.  # ⚓ Facebook’s_Secret_War_on_Switching Costs⠀⇛ Much of the coverage of the complaint focused on the new material defining “personal social networking” as a “relevant market” and making the case that Facebook dominated that market thanks to conduct banned under the antitrust laws. Because the court threw out the FTC’s previous complaint for failing to lay out Facebook’s monopoly status in sufficient detail, the new material is important to keep the case going. But as consequential as that market- defining work is, we want to highlight another aspect of the complaint – one that deals directly with the questions of what kinds of systems promote competition and what kinds of systems reduce it. When antitrust enforcers and scholars theorize about Big Tech, they inevitably home in on “network effects.” A system is said to benefit from “network effects” when its value increases as more people use it – people join Facebook to hang out with the people who’ve already joined Facebook. Once new people join Facebook, they, in turn, become a reason for other people to join Facebook. Network effects are real, and you can’t understand the history of networked computers without an appreciation for them. Famously, Bob Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet networking, coined “Metcalfe’s Law”: “the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2).” That is, every time you add a new user to a network you double the number of ways that users can connect with one another. # ⚓ The_Taliban_may_have_access_to_the biometric_data_of_civilians_who_helped_the U.S._military⠀⇛ In 2007, the United States military began using a small, handheld device to collect and match the iris, fingerprint and facial scans of over 1.5 million Afghans against a database of biometric data. The device, known as Handheld Interagency Identity Detection Equipment (HIIDE), was initially developed by the U.S. government as a means to locate insurgents and other wanted individuals. Over time, for the sake of efficiency, the system came to include the data of Afghans assisting the U.S. during the war. Today, HIIDE provides access to a database of biometric and biographic data, including of those who aided coalition forces. Military equipment and devices — including the collected data — are speculated to have been captured by the Taliban, who have taken over Afghanistan. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘So_Much_of_This_War_Has_Got_Almost_Nothing_to_Do_With_the Afghans_Themselves’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed Matthew Hoh, senior fellow with the Center for International Policy and a member of the Eisenhower Media Network, about the US troop withdrawal from Afghanistan for the August 20, 2021, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. # ⚓ Torture_Tree⠀⇛ # ⚓ Afghanistan_and_the_Racism_of_Imperial_Progress⠀⇛ Of coarse much of this is true, but like usual, the bloodsucking vampires of the mainstream media have only covered the parts of the story convenient to their imperial narrative. They conveniently leave out the fact that this sudden collapse was precipitated by an offensive that the Taliban began in May when Biden first violated the peace deal carefully inked by the Trump Administration by pushing back the militaries departure date by five months. They leave out the fact that the Taliban managed to take most of the country with minimal bloodshed and Kabul without even firing a goddamn shot because most Afghanis actually prefer these homegrown despots to the obscenely corrupt Vichy state that we’ve been propping up superficially for decades. They leave out the fact that most of the refugees packing our transport planes are as frightened of their own neighbors who might seek revenge against them for collaborating with a foreign occupier as they are of the actual Taliban. And they leave out the fact that the Taliban’s brutally sexist style of governance is basically identical to that of the wealthy Gulf states that they tolerate and our nation’s tax dollars covetously prop up. One thing those vampires are right about is that the Biden Administration definitely should have seen this disaster coming because plenty of others did. The Afghanis sure as fuck saw it coming. They’ve done this a few times before, including once against the Soviet Union with our help. Every empire since Alexander the Great has stubbornly learned the hard way that the buck really stops at the Hindu Kush with a people who just as stubbornly refuse to be governed by any force but their own. Our own sacred heroes in the military brass had to have seen this coming too. Washington’s confidence in the abilities of the Pentagon’s Potemkin paladins in the Afghan Army comes straight from the assurances by the corrupt officer class that the trillions in tax dollars we squandered on their twisted little adventure wouldn’t be in vain. In many ways, we didn’t just witness the collapse of Afghanistan last week, we witnessed the epic collapse of the American military machine itself which has become too corrupt and greedy even for their own masters to control. # ⚓ Afghanistan_Redux:_Malala_Yousafzai,_White_Feminism_and Saving_Afghan_Women⠀⇛ Whilst I refuse to wear the mantle of expertise here— well cognizant —as Rafia Zakaria has put it well in a recent book[1]–of how, in the West,  “the emphasis on expertise becomes a kind of gatekeeping of power that locks out [certain, though not all] people of color, as well as working-class people, migrants” and others (p. 8), I remain equally skeptical of the ways in which the category of “experience” (too often a stand-in for “third world/global south authenticity”)–is mobilized as a counter to expertise. I am not convinced (as Zakariya seems to argue) that claiming your “voice”—in the case of brown and black women for example, even when that process of “voicing” genuinely seeks to interrupt the hegemony of white feminism and its epistemological influence on our world—necessarily and always proffers a more transparent working through, and hence redistribution of, power politics. For this latter progressive political vision to take hold, one needs a clearer understanding of what’s at stake, of who or what the levers of control and domination are, and a willingness to embrace the politics of affiliation over the tribal politics of identity. Only then might a blueprint evolve for challenging structural barriers to a better and more equal world. The case at hand that prevents me from an unqualified rooting for the category of “experience,” is the exemplary case of Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan, who has traversed the distance from female “experience” to feminist “expertise”, and who, like others before (and since) that have made that journey from the “margins” to the “center” of imperial power, has now switched from being a “voice of the oppressed” to becoming an “expert” who can speak to us and teach us about those authentic “other” women in the global south—in this case, Afghan women– to whom her prior proximity (“experience”)– renders her an “expert” on today. From experience to expertise then, is a pretty straightforward line, following the predictable path forged also by white feminism in thrall and service to imperial designs past and present. This is the path that was announced with great fanfare shortly after 9/11 by First Lady Laura Bush and enthusiastically supported by the Feminist Majority Foundation, that would “save brown women from brown men” by going in to the “backward” country of Afghanistan overrun by crazy “Moslem” men, in the process unleashing a 20-year war on the population that had had nothing to do with 9/11. The initial military intervention was then followed up over the next two decades with countless “development” schemes that enriched a few at the expense of the many, and when the cost of this unending war became unpopular with the citizenry “back home” in the USA over time—we left the hapless “natives” that included those very women we had been so concerned with “saving,” at the mercy of anarchy and chaos. # ⚓ How_the_Taliban_Chased_the_West_Out_of_Afghanistan⠀⇛ The DAB officials told the Taliban that the $9 billion are in the Federal Reserve in New York, which means that Afghanistan’s wealth is sitting in a bank in the United States. But before the Taliban could even try to access the money, the U.S. Treasury Department has already gone ahead and frozen the DAB assets and prevented its transfer into Taliban control. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) had recently allocated $650 billion Special Drawing Rights (SDR) for disbursement around the world. When asked if Afghanistan would be able to access its share of the SDRs, an IMF spokesperson said in an email, “As is always the case, the IMF is guided by the views of the international community. There is currently a lack of clarity within the international community regarding recognition of a government in Afghanistan, as a consequence of which the country cannot access SDRs or other IMF resources.” # ⚓ Biden_Urged_to_Push_Israeli_PM_to_End_‘Systematic_Human Rights_Abuses’⠀⇛ When President Joe Biden sits down Friday with Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennet, he must press for an end to the Israeli government’s “flagrant abuses and violations of international law” including ongoing settlement expansions and other violence against Palestinians, leading human rights organizations told the U.S. president. The demand—delivered in a letter dated Wednesday and signed by Amnesty International USA executive director Paul O’Brien and Amnesty International Israel executive director Molly Maleka—came ahead of Biden’s first meeting with Bennett, head of the nation’s ultra-regressive New Right party. # ⚓ A_Fumbled_Afghan_Evacuation⠀⇛ That video says it all, like the one of the George Floyd killing. And that’s the picture the Republicans will show over and over again in their campaign for the 2022 midterm elections -– the image of a weak, incompetent President Joe Biden. Oh, the humiliation, both for Biden and America. # ⚓ Opinion_|_From_Afghanistan_to_Central_America,_US_Creates Refugee_Crises⠀⇛ The United States has long branded itself as a safe haven for refugees fleeing war and persecution abroad. The current U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan is actually a testament to that, with well over 100,000 people evacuated by the U.S. since mid-August. Despite this historic airlift, the Biden administration is being relentlessly criticized. The airlift continued despite a double suicide bombing at the gates of the Kabul airport on Thursday that killed at least 90 Afghans and 13 U.S. servicemembers, injuring at least 140. # ⚓ These_Afghans_Won_the_Visa_Lottery_Two_Years_Ago_—_Now They’re_Stuck_in_Kabul_and_Out_of_Luck⠀⇛ Fakhruddin Akbari is allowing his full name to be published because he is certain he is going to die. Akbari, his wife and his 3-year-old daughter fled their home in Kabul, Afghanistan, two weeks ago. They’ve been hiding with friends in the city, living on bread and water. He should be among the lucky ones. # ⚓ U.N._Officials_Downplayed_Sexual_Violence_in_Ethiopia_in Leaked_Call⠀⇛ For months earlier this year, the U.N. secretary- general and other top U.N. officials were raising concerns about widespread reports of sexual violence in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. But members of the United Nations’ team on the ground minimized such accounts during a call in March, contending they lacked sufficient evidence to support all claims and suggesting any U.N. report into sexual violence in the conflict would have to be approved and cleared by the Ethiopian government. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ UK_Accused_of_Running_‘Most_Exclusionary_COP_Ever’_as Activists_Face_Covid_Barriers⠀⇛ The UK has been accused of shutting out activists who hail from countries “battered” by extreme weather events from the upcoming UN climate summit, with campaigners warning it could be “the most exclusionary COP ever”. Critics include a youth member in the team of the UN COP26 “High Level Champions”, appointed by the UK government, who called the situation a “charade”. # ⚓ Species_Spotlight:_Baird’s_Tapir,_Our_Allies_Against Climate_Change⠀⇛ # ⚓ Only_Those_Taking_Action_Against_Climate_Violence_Are Labeled_‘Terrorist’⠀⇛ Floods, fires, ice caps melting, hurricanes—all attest to the violence of human-caused climate disruption. It’s undeniable and undeniably fatal, and the only question for historians will be not what mysterious “factors” prevented humans from responding, but which political structures prevented the humans that wanted to respond meaningfully from doing so. When those books are written, at least a chapter will be devoted to cases like that of Jessica Reznicek, the activist now facing eight years in federal prison for damaging equipment at the Dakota Access Pipeline in Iowa. # ⚓ More_people_face_greater_risk_from_extreme_heat⠀⇛ In a hotter world, periods of extreme heat are on the increase. And that presents a massive threat to life and health. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Tesla_files_to_become_electric_utility_in_Texas⠀⇛ The application, which was first reported Thursday by Texas Monthly, was submitted by a Tesla subsidiary called Tesla Energy Ventures and has a filing date of Aug. 16, based on information provided on the Public Utility Commission’s website. While Tesla currently uses big batteries to help other companies transmit, store and consume energy, the application marks an effort by the technology giant to provide electricity directly to customers in Texas. # ⚓ China_Supreme_Court_Sides_With_Mining_Operator_in Battle_Over_485,000_GPUs⠀⇛ Genesis Mining filed its lawsuit in 2019 after the hosting provider, Chuangshiji Technology Limited, allegedly refused to return the graphics cards, as well as 60,580 AntMiner S9 mining rigs, after the companies had a payment-related spat in 2018. Now the conflict has finally been resolved… just in time for Genesis Mining to figure out what it’s going to do with nearly half a million graphics cards after China’s decision to shut down mining operations throughout many of its provinces. # ⚓ Jack_Dorsey_discusses_plans_to_build_a_decentralized exchange_for_Bitcoin⠀⇛ According to project leader Mike Brock, TBD, a unit of Square, aims to “make it easy to fund a non-custodial wallet anywhere in the world through a platform to build on- and off-ramps into Bitcoin.” The business said it wants the decentralized exchange to be “Bitcoin-native, top to bottom,” as well as completely open-source and permissionless, with “no foundation or governance model that TBD controls.” # ⚓ Cuba_says_it_will_recognize,_regulate cryptocurrencies⠀⇛ The resolution published in the Official Gazette states cryptocurrencies are not allowed to be used for illegal activities and the Central Bank will only allow the cryptocurrencies “for reasons of socioeconomic interest.” # ⚓ Cuba_to_recognize_—_and_regulate_—_cryptocurrencies⠀⇛ Because they can be used for long-distance transactions that are supposedly anonymous, they are often popular with people attempting to evade government regulations — presumably including U.S. restrictions on sending money to places such as Cuba. # ⚓ As_Chevy_Bolt_recall_expands,_some_dealers_‘in_a world_of_pain’⠀⇛ GM last week expanded its recall to include all Bolt EVs and Bolt EUVs, adding 73,018 vehicles from model years 2019-22 to the list for “rare” battery defects that could cause fires. The recall now covers 141,685 vehicles. The automaker has confirmed 10 fires. There have been no deaths reported but some smoke inhalation injuries. GM and battery partner LG Energy Solution are still working on a fix for the defective batteries. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Drought_Clobbers_the_World⠀⇛ The world’s political leaders need to pay special attention to the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference scheduled for November 1st- 12th in Glasgow as scientists of the world meet to present the latest info on climate change/global warming. Those world leaders need to hone in on the most far-reaching most effective most promising ideas to fix the climate, tame global warming, and stop fossil fuels by doing whatever it takes to halt carbon emissions (Biden’s plan won’t do it). # ⚓ 40_Million_People_Rely_on_the_Colorado_River._It’s Drying_Up_Fast.⠀⇛ On a 110-degree day several years ago, surrounded by piles of sand and rock in the desert outside of Las Vegas, I stepped into a yellow cage large enough to fit three standing adults and was lowered 600 feet through a black hole into the ground. There, at the bottom, amid pooling water and dripping rock, was an enormous machine driving a cone-shaped drill bit into the earth. The machine was carving a cavernous, 3-mile tunnel beneath the bottom of the nation’s largest freshwater reservoir, Lake Mead. Lake Mead, a reservoir formed by the construction of the Hoover Dam in the 1930s, is one of the most important pieces of infrastructure on the Colorado River, supplying fresh water to Nevada, California, Arizona and Mexico. The reservoir hasn’t been full since 1983. In 2000, it began a steady decline caused by epochal drought. On my visit in 2015, the lake was just about 40% full. A chalky ring on the surrounding cliffs marked where the waterline once reached, like the residue on an empty bathtub. The tunnel far below represented Nevada’s latest salvo in a simmering water war: the construction of a $1.4 billion drainage hole to ensure that if the lake ever ran dry, Las Vegas could get the very last drop. # ⚓ The_demographic_fantasies_of_the_IPCC⠀⇛ Climate change is now unequivocally an emergency according to the latest report from the IPCC. Our only hope lies in extremely rapid abandonment of fossil fuels and reversal of forest loss. But these lifeline scenarios also assume birth rates plummet in high-fertility regions. Jane O’Sullivan offers a reality check. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Cori_Bush_Is_Determined_to_Save_the_Eviction_Moratorium⠀⇛ Earlier this month, Cori Bush slept on the steps of the Capitol in order to convince the Biden administration to extend the federal eviction moratorium. The Missouri representative’s bold strategy worked. She got the White House to act, temporarily saving millions of Americans from the threat of losing shelter during a pandemic. # ⚓ ‘Congress_Must_Act,’_Says_Cori_Bush_as_Supreme_Court_Ends Eviction_Moratorium⠀⇛ Millions of people across the U.S. are once again at imminent risk of losing their homes after the conservative-dominated Supreme Court on Thursday struck down the Biden administration’s eviction moratorium, siding with a coalition of landlords and real estate companies that challenged the critical lifeline. “We must immediately do everything possible to keep people in their homes. This is a matter of life and death.”—Rep. Pramila Jayapal # ⚓ The_SEC_is_Allowing_5-Count_Felon_JPMorgan_Chase_to_Trade Its_Own_Bank_Stock_in_its_Own_Dark_Pools⠀⇛ JPMorgan Chase is also the only American bank to ever be fined for using depositors’ money to gamble in derivatives in London and lose $6.2 billion of that money. (Jamie Dimon was Chairman and CEO at the bank then as well.) JPMorgan Chase is the only federally-insured bank in the United States to be charged with two felony counts for helping to facilitate the largest Ponzi scheme in history – the Bernie Madoff looting of thousands of investors. # ⚓ OnlyFans_Flips_Its_Fanny⠀⇛ Talk about a flipflop! OnlyFans has proven itself to be a very fickle pimp. The response to the first announcement that they were shutting down the porn was intense. Sex workers screamed they couldn’t pay rent. First Amendment defenders worried over the speech- suppressing power of Mastercard. Twitter guffawed that OnlyFans banning porn was like KFC not selling chicken, or as Stephen Colbert chortled, “They know that fans of OnlyFans are only fans of one thing, right?” # ⚓ The_payments_mess_that_almost_scared_OnlyFans_away_from_sex work⠀⇛ Sex workers had built OnlyFans into a multibillion- dollar subscription platform, and after the news, many have explained why the proposed change was such a betrayal. They helped make the company valuable, and in return, it nearly kicked them out. Less immediately clear, however, was OnlyFans’ rationale. Early reports speculated that a new set of Mastercard rules were responsible for the change. A later Financial Times interview placed the blame on banks. While we might never know exactly what happened at OnlyFans, its decision — and reversal — shines a light on the complicated and fraught world of paying for porn online. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Their_work_secured_the_election._It_also_paved_the_way_for pro-Trump_conspiracies.⠀⇛ Like all cybersecurity research, election security relies heavily on the premise that to make any system better, you first need to draw attention to the ways people can hack it. Bernhard’s peers have done that with gusto since the beginning of the Trump administration. They’ve showed how, in the right isolated circumstances, a voter registration machine can be rewired to play the 90s computer game Doom, or how a child could hack a vulnerable website that was coded to look like Florida’s election night reporting site. While their research heavily contributed to security upgrades ahead of the contentious 2020 election — one that election officials jointly called “the most secure in American history” — it has proven to be a double-edged sword. Election cybersecurity researchers who spoke with NBC News say they worry it also provided ammunition to bad- faith actors who have sought to convince some Americans that the election was illegitimate. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Externalization_Of_Content_Moderation:_Facebook Explores_‘Election_Commission’⠀⇛ We’ve covered plenty of stuff about the Oversight Board that Facebook set up. While we recognize the cynicism towards it and still think it’s somewhat early to judge, for many of us following the Board’s decisions closely, it’s been really kind of eye opening how much the Board has really pushed Facebook to make real changes. Of course, there are many real structural issues with the way the Oversight Board is set up — but the initial results have been fascinating. # ⚓ TikTok_is_now_removing_[cryptocurrency]-related_posts, influencers_worried⠀⇛ When you post a video and mention words like Binance, Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrencies, and Dogecoin, the post is most likely going to be removed at the snap of a finger. You’ll then instantly get a notification saying that the post violated a community guideline. Sadly, you will not be told which specific community guideline you violated. That may easily send you into confusion trying to figure out what went wrong. In case two of your videos are taken down, you’ll be banned from posting. The bans can go for a day and even up to a week. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Indigenous_Line_3_Activists_Link_Militarism_and_Climate Crisis⠀⇛ Amidst ongoing chaos in Afghanistan, a global pandemic, and climate emergency, the fight to stop Line 3 remains an urgent struggle. Enbridge, the Canadian multinational pipeline corporation behind Line 3, is planning to finish construction by September with crude oil set to flow by the end of 2021. Resistance to Line 3 # ⚓ Why_Are_We_Letting_School_Administrators_Use_Qualified Immunity_To_Escape_Accountablity_For_Violating_Free_Speech Rights?⠀⇛ Administrators of publicly-funded schools have a strange habit of misunderstanding the limits of their power and failing to respect the freedoms extended to their students by the Constitution. Naturally, this has resulted in lawsuits. Lots of them. And lots of losses for administrators, including one recent notable loss delivered by none other than the US Supreme Court. # ⚓ Canadian_Cops_Blow_Off_Drone_Operation_Laws,_Crash_Their Drone_Into_A_Landing_Airplane⠀⇛ Someone finally hit an airplane with a drone while flying it near an airport. And of all people, it was the cops. (h/t Justin England, via Hackaday) # ⚓ Google_Report_Shows_‘Reverse_Warrants’_Are_Swiftly_Becoming Law_Enforcement’s_Go-To_Investigative_Tool⠀⇛ Thanks to its never-ending collection of location data, Google has become a prime target for law enforcement investigators. Using so-called “reverse warrants,” investigators ask Google to turn over information for all devices in a geofenced area, with the hope of working their way backward from these data points to actual criminal suspects. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Building_Fiber_Infrastructure_Back_Better:_The_Journey Taken_by_Tuttle,_Oklahoma⠀⇛ When their connection to the World Wide Web was cut, Tuttle’s local leaders rolled up their sleeves and got to work. Their first move was to solicit private ISPs to come to town and offer service. But they also began talking with publicly owned entities in the area. They spoke with officials in Sallisaw, a rural community about 180 miles directly east which had built a fiber network called DiamondNet to provide service to residents in town as well as a handful of surrounding communities starting in 2015. The city council also traveled to speak with engineers at the Northeast Oklahoma Electric Cooperative, which was embarking on a fiber-to-the-home project for its roughly 38,000 members scattered across seven counties. Finally, they looked nationally, noting the success of and learning lessons from municipal networks in Oregon and Colorado. With few encouraging responses from private ISPs, local officials in Tuttle decided building and operating their own network was an undertaking at which they could succeed. The town already had an institutional network – in the form of a fiber star – in place, built in 2012 to connect the public works and public safety buildings at the same time as construction of a new city hall. # ⚓ A_Vibrant_Community_Works_to_Make_the_Internet_Better_in Africa⠀⇛ After the Internet Society started working with the AUC on the AXIS Project, it became much easier to work with the Internet community. Because many of the stakeholders, including governments and operators, trust the African Union, they felt they could trust the Internet Society team. While promoting IXPs, one challenge is convincing governments to take a back seat. As Bekele says, “Governments are more used to leading something. They are less comfortable in enabling something.” But, when governments lead, operators can become suspicious. They want their independent voice to be heard. It took some time for governments to understand this. In cases where neutral voices were in charge, the process experienced fewer hurdles. Looking at the 80/20 goal now, Bekele is impressed. “We thought it was a steep hill to climb.” Today, about 56% of African countries have IXPs. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ States_Wouldn’t_Be_Pushing_Inconsistent_Tech_Laws_If Congress_Wasn’t_So_Corrupt⠀⇛ You might recall after the telecom lobby convinced Congress to obliterate both privacy and net neutrality rules (despite both having bipartisan public support), there was a lot of industry whining about the various state replacement efforts that popped up. For example when California popped up with its own net neutrality rules, AT&T whined incessantly about how a “discordant network of state laws” would harm puppies and innovation. Ignored, of course, is that states were simply rushing to fill the consumer protection void created by federal apathy, itself a direct result of lobbying (aka corruption). # ⚓ Apple_to_Make_Changes_to_App_Store_Regulations_in Settlement_With_U.S._Developers⠀⇛ As part of the changes, developers will be allowed to contact users to inform them about purchase options outside of the iOS app, which could help bypass Apple’s commission charges that can be as high as 30 percent. Apple will also establish a $100 million fund for smaller app developers that made $1 million or less for every year they had an account between June 4, 2015, and April 26, 2021 — a group that Apple said comprised 99 percent of its U.S. developers. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Nvidia_set_to_seek_EU_okay_for_$54_bln_Arm_deal_- sources⠀⇛ The world’s biggest maker of graphics and AI chips announced the Arm deal last year, sparking an immediate backlash in the semiconductor industry. Arm has long been a neutral player licensing key intellectual [sic] property [sic] to customers who are otherwise intense rivals, including Qualcomm Inc (QCOM.O), Samsung Electronics Co Ltd (005930.KS) and Apple Inc (AAPL.O). # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ The_threat_of_software_patents_persists⠀⇛ What follows will answer a number of questions: what software patents are; what their history is; what their legal status is today; what problem is posed by their enforcement; how our past successful campaigns were not enough to eliminate them; and finally, how you can help us fight against them, today. Unfortunately, for a proper explanation we ought to get a bit technical, but please bear with us. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ How_much_was_son’s_porn_collection_worth_that_parents destroyed?_Judge_decides_value⠀⇛ U.S. District Judge Paul Maloney in Kalamazoo ordered Beth and Paul Werking to pay $30,441.54 to their son and $14,519.82 to his attorney. Maloney earlier granted the son’s request for summary judgment but delayed a ruling on damages. # ⚓ Sony_Moves_Quickly_to_Block_Alleged_‘Spider-Man:_No Way_Home’_Trailer_Leak_on_Social_Media⠀⇛ The Hollywood Reporter viewed the alleged leak, and its contents appeared to be legitimate. However, no specifics will be shared. The studio seemed to be in something of a whack-a-mole situation where as soon as one video link was removed, another would be shared on Twitter. # ⚓ ACE/MPA_Target_Pirate_Sites_Pulling_in_1.3_Billion Visits_Per_Year,_Including_EZTV⠀⇛ The DMCA subpoena can be a potent weapon for entertainment companies seeking to identify the operators of pirate sites. The Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment and partners MPA were back in court recently, demanding access to the identities of people behind major torrent site EZTV and several other platforms with more than 1.3 billion yearly visits in total. # ⚓ Leaseweb_Must_Share_Personal_Details_of_‘Pirating’ Customers_With_Movie_Companies⠀⇛ A group of movie studios has obtained a subpoena that requires hosting provider Leaseweb to share the personal details of several customers. The rightsholders flagged 456 IP-addresses that repeatedly shared pirated movies via BitTorrent. It’s likely that the information will be used as ammunition in an ongoing lawsuit. # ⚓ Copyright_Scammers_Getting_More_Sophisticated,_Just As_The_US_Is_About_To_Make_It_Easier_For_Them⠀⇛ Back in May, we wrote about the growing number of pure copyright scammers, using completely made up claims of copyright infringement as a form of a phishing technique. As I mentioned in a comment, we get multiple such messages every week here at Techdirt — with almost identical comments being placed (or attempted at least — since our spam filter seems to have caught all or most of them) on various Techdirt articles claiming infringement. They always came with a link to “the evidence,” (which we never clicked of course). # ⚓ PSA:_Universal_Music_Group_Has_Copyrighted_The_Moon. That_is_All.⠀⇛ We have seen and covered a great many ridiculous copyright issues here at Techdirt. It is, after all, sort of our thing. Still, some attempts at enforcing copyrights are so ludicrous that they take your breath away. Now, granted, often times the most egregious of these stories arise out of the use of automated bot systems that troll all the places for copyright infringement and often times get it completely wrong. But that isn’t so much an excuse for those situations as it is a spotlight on how brutally terrible the current iteration of copyright enforcement has become and how despicable it is that the wider copyright industries just shrug their shoulders at all the collateral damage they cause. # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Houcemeddine_Turki⠀⇛ Based in: Sfax, TunisiaSummit Session:  Creative Commons and Computer Programming ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4817 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 08.28.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/8/2021:_This_Week_in_KDE_and_Wine-Staging_6.16⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:40 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Full_Circle_Magazine_#172⠀⇛ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Hands-On:_MNT_Reforms_The_Laptop_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ If the aesthetic doesn’t make it clear the Reform is an opinionated product designed from the ground up to optimize for free-as-in-freedom: from it’s solid metal chassis to the blob-free GNU/Linux distribution running inside. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 4_Best_Terminal_Emulators_Built_With_Web_Technologies⠀⇛ One of the reasons why we became hooked on Linux was the command line. The command line offers advantages day-to-day because of things like its scalability, scriptability, simple design, and simple interface. At the command line, there’s so much power at our fingertips. Its continuing flexibility and power remain big draws to this day. It’s true that some people consider the command line to be arcane and obsolete. They prefer graphical interfaces. And for non-technical people and beginners, few dispute good graphical user interfaces make life easier. But who doesn’t want the best of both worlds? o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Use_ClamAV_on_Rocky_Linux_8_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ ClamAV is an open-source and free antivirus software toolkit able to detect many types of malicious software, including viruses, trojans, malware, adware, rootkits, and other malicious threats. One of its main uses of ClamAV is on mail servers as a server-side email virus scanner or used on file hosting servers to periodically scan to make sure files are clean, especially if the public can upload to the server. ClamAV supports multiple file formats (documents, executables, or archives), utilizes multi-thread scanner features, and receives updates for its signature database daily to sometimes multiple times per day for the latest protection. # ⚓ How_To_Install_CSF_Firewall_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install CSF Firewall on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, ConfigServer Security & Firewall (it is also called CSF in short) is a Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) firewall, Login/Intrusion Detection, and Security application for Linux servers. Furthermore, it is absolutely free to us. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the CSF Firewall on an AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ 3_ways_to_install_Emacs_text_editor_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ There are multiple ways to install Emacs on Ubuntu 20.04 or 18.04 LTS Linux that are package management, snaps, and PPA. Here we will show all of them. You can also use the article for Ubuntu 21.04 and Linux Mint. GNU Emacs is a programmable text editor suitable for development. It is a very comprehensive and platform-independent editor that can be expanded with its own Lisp dialect (Emacs Lisp). GNU Emacs makes it easier to write source code through syntax highlighting and can be adapted by the user. Since its control is mainly based on keyboard shortcuts, it requires some training in order to be able to use all its possibilities intensively. Thanks to a large number of plugins, the editor can be used in almost all areas. There are, for example, extensions for file management, email and news, IRC, compilations, web surfing, and much more. Furthermore, it can also be used to create text documents based on LaTeX. # ⚓ The_More_the_Merrier:_Multi-Arch_Docker_Manifests_with Buildx_and_Artifactory⠀⇛ Once your multi-arch image is in a Docker repository in Artifactory and has passed testing, you can promote the image to another Docker repository just as you would any other. This JFrog CLIcommand makes a copy of the mult-arch image we created in the docker-local repository. # ⚓ Steps_to_install_PHP_8_on_Debian_Server_10_|_9⠀⇛ Let’s test various web applications by installing PHP 8.0 on Debian 10 Buster or Debian 11 Bullseye Linux server using command line terminal… PHP is a widely used server-side programming language that means it can perform actions on servers such as establishing connections to a database, generate dynamic webpages on user requests, or delete files on the server. It is open-source and distributed as free software. Today, the abbreviation PHP stands for HyperText Process, however, originally it was known as Personal Home Page Tools. The programs coded with this scripting language are stored as simple text files which are later converted into machine code by the web server when they are called up. Thus, PHP programs are largely platform-independent and can be executed on different hardware systems. Embedded in HTML files, the PHP code supplemented static websites with dynamic information such as date and time or, for example, mixed in the input of users from order forms in order confirmation pages. # ⚓ How_to_install_Snap_&_Snap-store_on_Debian_11_Bullseye Linux⠀⇛ Debian 11 or 10 doesn’t come with SNAP out of the box like Ubuntu, hence we need to install it manually using the command terminal. And here we learn how to do that? Snap is a package format developed by Canonical that can be installed in various apps and packages available in the Snapcraft repository. The good this the user can use it without conflicts alongside DEB packages from “normal” package management. This means we can install GIMP via APT as well as SNAP without any conflict, hence two instances of the same application on a single Linux system. That is the reason why SNAP is available for all the popular Linux distributions. Well, SNAPS were originally meant to target and use in server or cloud environments and also for the Internet of Things. Later it makes its way to desktop versions. We can install programs with a graphical user interface, applications for the command line, environments for programming languages, etc. via snaps. Currently whatever Snap packages we get to install are fetched from the central SNAP server operated by Canonical. There are currently no alternative servers. The installation of locally downloaded snaps is also possible. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Backports_&_Experimental_Repository_on Debian_11_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Debian is known amongst the Linux community for its gold standard in being stable, and a common drawback can be that the packages, especially after the new Debian release ages are that they are often years behind what is currently available as they only receive security and bug updates to keep packages stable. Now for most environments, this is totally acceptable. Still, it can be very frustrating for users needing certain packages to be upgraded to utilize the features or fix annoying non-critical or security-related bugs. However, the great thing about Linux and using repositories is that you can use what is known as backports or experimental repositories, which are packages taken from the next Debian release, which is nearly always the testing repository and adjusted recompiled for usage on Debian stable. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Wine-Staging_6.16_Implements_Two_More_D3DX_Functions_To Help_Some_Windows_Games⠀⇛ It’s been a relatively quiet summer in the Wine- Staging world with not many new patches surfacing for testing/experimental purposes for this more bleeding edge version of Wine. However, with Wine- Staging 6.16 there are at least some new patches now to talk about. Building off yesterday’s release of Wine 6.16, Wine-Staging 6.16 is now available. This staging release has just over 600 patches on top of the upstream Wine state. # ⚓ Wine_6.16_is_out_now_with_initial_HID-based_joystick backend_work⠀⇛ Another biweekly development release of the Windows compatibility layer Wine is out now with Wine 6.16. For newer readers and Linux users here’s a refresher – Wine is a compatibility layer built for operating systems like Linux, macOS and BSD. The idea is to allow other platforms to run games and applications only built and supported for Windows. It’s also part of what makes up Steam Play Proton. Once a year or so, a new stable release is made. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_Accent_colors!⠀⇛ System Settings’ Colors page now lets you optionally choose an “accent color” that’s different from the one shipped in your color scheme (Jan Blackquill, Plasma 5.23)… Dolphin no longer crashes on quit when the embedded terminal panel is open (Ahmad Samir, Dolphin 21.08.1) Elisa’s Files view now works again (Bart De Vries, Elisa 21.08.1) Elisa’s in-app “next track” and “previous track” shortcuts (Ctrl+right/left arrow) are now listed correctly in the settings window (me: Nate Graham, Elisa 21.08.1) # ⚓ KDE_Plasma_5.23_Will_Be_Another_Exciting_Release_With Many_Improvements_Abound_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The Plasma 5.23 desktop release is looking like it will be quite an eventful milestone while KDE developers are finishing August strong with many improvements and fixes across their desktop stack. KDE developer Nate Graham is out with his latest weekly recap of the development highlights for this open-source desktop project. Among the progress made on Plasma 5.23 and other components this week included… # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Apps_for_GNOME’_site_aims_to_improve_discovery_of the_project’s_best_applications⠀⇛ The GNOME project has created Apps for GNOME, a website to “feature the best applications in the GNOME ecosystem,” according to creator Sophie Herold. The scope of the GNOME project is extensive and includes low-level system components, a toolkit for developers of GUI applications (GTK), a desktop shell and window manager, and numerous applications built with these technologies. GNOME apps fall into three categories. The first, called Core, are apps which are generally pre-installed with GNOME desktop, including Files, Terminal, Photos, GNOME Web, Calendar, Contacts, and an installation manager called Software. The second, GNOME Circle, is for applications from any developer that have gone through an approval process. Circle apps have to be built using GTK, able to be installed as a Flatpak (a system for packaging applications that simplifies distribution and clean install and removal), and follow GNOME user interface conventions. Third, there are development tools such as the Builder IDE. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ EndeavourOS_2021.08_is_Here_with_a_New_ISO_Release⠀⇛ EndeavourOS 2021.08 brings massive improvements to the Calamares installer, introduces a new app called eos-apps-info. EndeavourOS is is a very user-friendly Arch Linux-based distribution with some handy new features that improve the user experience. It fits into a similar-but-different niche as Manjaro. EandeavourOS, being based on Arch is a rolling release. Most readers may probably remember the Antergos Linux distribution which was discontinued in 2019. After it was discontinued, a group of the older community merged efforts to create a new continuation of that distribution, named EndeavourOS. EndeavourOS 2021.08 release is here and the team brings a handful of new features and updates. Let’s take a look at what’s new. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Galaxy_S21_Ultra_was_spotted_running_Android_12_– SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ Download:_Xiaomi_tests_first_MIUI_12_beta_with Android_12_for_the_Mi_11⠀⇛ # ⚓ Realme_C21_receives_Android_11-based_Realme_UI_2.0 update⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pixel_Buds_update_adds_Android_home_screen_widget_– 9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_True_Skate_now FREE,_more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Test_#193_–_Your_ultimate_Android_changelog⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Auto_users_are_gaining_access_to_another electric_charging_network⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Circuit:_Galaxy_Z_Fold_3_Reviewed,_OnePlus Buds_Pro_Review,_Google’s_Torrid_Messaging_Apps⠀⇛ # ⚓ Over_1_Million_Gamers_were_exposed_to_Hackers_by known_Android_game_developers_from_China_– TechnoSports⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android’s_streamlined_backup_UI_is_probably_already on_your_phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Install_LuluBox_on_Android_–_Tech_Guide⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fast_Charge:_Xiaomi’s_iPad_clone_could_be_my_perfect Android_tablet_|_Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Parse_command-line_options_in_Groovy_| Opensource.com⠀⇛ A recent article provided an introduction to parsing command-line options in Java. Because I really like Groovy, and because Groovy is well suited for scripting, and because it’s fun to compare Java and Groovy solutions, I decided to paraphrase Seth’s article, but using Groovy. Install Groovy Groovy is based on Java, so it requires a Java installation. Both a recent and decent version of Java and Groovy might be in your Linux distribution’s repositories. Alternately, you can install Groovy by following the instructions on the groovy- lang.org. A nice alternative for Linux users is SDKMan, which can be used to get multiple versions of Java, Groovy, and many other related tools. For this article, I’m using my distro’s OpenJDK11 release and SDKMan’s latest Groovy release. # § Java⠀➾ # ⚓ The_5_Best_Ways_to_Learn_Java_Online_in_2021⠀⇛ Beginners tend to ask: “Should I learn Java or Python?” The fact of the matter is, both languages are extremely useful and serve different sets of functionalities within the technological gamut. While some people might prefer Java over Python, many others tend to differ in their opinions. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Goodbyes⠀⇛ Here goes: I look through my address book. Not the techie one but a worn-out book that’s traveled with me for years. A book that’s been packed for move after move. A book that has names of family, friends, and acquaintances whose locations and phone numbers have been marked out multiple times, new locations added. Someone who died. A couple of times when I was in D.C. for an extended peace event, I stayed with her. We’d met in college where her father sought me out, another Kentuckian who could relate to her, who talked like her, the KY twang. Later, after we graduated from that two-year college, we, along with my sister Laura, roomed together for a while, attending a state university. She married one of her professors, later divorced him, married a handsome actor and moved to D.C. o ⚓ Why_Do_We_Prevaricate?⠀⇛ Those are the four numbers that define the voting landscape in Morgan County, West Virginia. Two: There are about two thousand registered Democrats in the county. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Ban_Neonicotinoids_Right_Now,’_Say_Conservationists_After EPA_Pesticide_Review⠀⇛ Environmental and food safety advocates highlighted Thursday the decline in iconic pollinators following new analyses released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency showing three widely used neonicotinoid insecticides are “likely to adversely affect” the majority of the endangered plants and animals the agency assessed. “These extremely toxic pesticides are causing drastic ecological harm, both the collapse of bee populations as well as putting literally hundreds of endangered species at extinction risk across the country.” # ⚓ Dental,_Insurance_Lobbyists_Quietly_Target_Democrats’ Medicare_Expansion_Plan⠀⇛ “The opposition of the American Dental Association to a universal dental benefit in Medicare is reminiscent of the AMA’s initial opposition to Medicare itself.”—Larry Levitt, Kaiser Family Foundation # ⚓ ‘Win_for_Common_Sense’:_Judge_Strikes_Down_DeSantis_Ban_on Mask_Mandates⠀⇛ “Governor DeSantis’ ban on masks in schools is not only a dangerous government overreach that puts children’s lives at risk, but it also violates Florida law.”—Nikki Fried, Florida Agriculture Commissioner # ⚓ As_a_Doctor,_I_Fight_to_Make_My_State_Let_Pharmacists Prescribe_Birth_Control⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘Home_Care_Can’t_Wait’:_Ady_Barkan,_ACLU_Target_Sinema_for Abandoning_People_With_Disabilities⠀⇛ To pressure Congress to include $400 billion for home and community-based services in the $3.5 trillion social spending package now being drafted, Medicare for All advocate Ady Barkan and the ACLU are launching a new television and digital ad campaign in Arizona, home state of conservative Democratic Sen. Kyrsten Sinema. “Across the United States, almost a million people are on waiting lists for home care and in danger of being ripped away from their families.”—Ady Barkan, Be A Hero # ⚓ Things_Have_Changed⠀⇛ Biden prematurely proclaimed victory over the pandemic and holds back from aggressively advancing urgently needed vaccine mandates even though such mandates are supported by a strong majority of Americans. The fourth surge, likely to expand this fall and winter, is slowing the jobs recovery, giving the APoT economic ammunition with voters along with rising inflation. And Biden’s political stock price is falling further in the wake of his transparent bungling of the American exit from Afghanistan. It’s not clear he can even pass an early centrist pork-barrel infrastructure bill. As the Democrat Biden dithers in the pathetic and despicable name of bipartisan cooperation with a party that crossed over to fascism years ago, the white-supremacist election-nullifiers “across the aisle” are licking their chops. They really expect to take back the U.S. House in 2022, an achievement that will position them to launch revenge impeachments (perhaps including one around “the betrayal of our troops and the people of Afghanistan”) and to pilfer a close presidential election on behalf of Donald “Perfect Call” Trump or the vicious covidiot Ron DeSantis in 2024-25. The APoT’s state-level machinations are likely to produce contested state Electoral College slates in the 2024 election, possibly throwing the outcome into the House, where Republicans will prevail under the Constitution’s rules even without holding a majority of the body’s members (the APoT only has to hold the majority of Representatives in more states than the Dems). It is difficult to imagine a Republican-controlled House agreeing to certify a Biden-re-election in January. # ⚓ How_does_the_CDC’s_Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization Practices_impact_innovation_and_access_to_COVID-19 vaccines?⠀⇛ In previous blog posts in this series, we have explored the roles different federal agencies, including the NIH, FDA, and CMS, play in the development and distribution of new healthcare technologies in the fight against COVID-19. But we have devoted much less attention to the CDC and its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), which has a key role to play in the distribution of vaccines, including those against COVID-19. In this post, we explain the role played by ACIP, discuss several important COVID-19 vaccine decisions ACIP has been involved in, and consider what ACIP’s processes might teach policymakers more generally about innovation and access to health technologies. [...] Like the FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC)—which we’ve described in an earlier post—ACIP is governed by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, including the requirements of open meetings and public involvement. Like VRBPAC, ACIP is an expert body, with members bringing different areas of expertise (such as immunology, virology, and public health), and one member “who provides perspectives on the social and community aspects of vaccination.” But ACIP has greater authority than VRBPAC. The FDA doesn’t have to convene advisory committees (though it has chosen to use VRBPAC for many important COVID-19 vaccine decisions), and the FDA can make decisions that contradict advisory committee recommendations (as it does over one-fifth of the time, including recently for the controversial Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm). In contrast, ACIP must review every new vaccine, and its decisions have legal effects for vaccine access. [...] Finally, from an innovation and access standpoint, it is worth noting that ACIP plays a role that is often underappreciated in the standard biopharmaceutical innovation story. While it does not approve or authorize vaccines like the FDA, ACIP complements the FDA by bridging the policy space between market access and market uptake for vaccines. It is a trust repository—and, consequently, a driver of demand—in helping determine which products make it into widespread adoption and which are consigned to relatively infrequent use. ACIP’s role here stands in stark contrast to the ongoing debates over the expensive Alzheimer’s drug Aduhelm, approved by the FDA in a hotly debated and criticized process. Now a constellation of other actors are deciding whether to recommend, use, or pay for the drug at all, demonstrating a lack of trust in the drug’s approval process. ACIP, however, takes these sorts of equity, cost-effectiveness, and public health considerations into account. In the context of arguments about whether the FDA should consider cost or public health in its own decisions, and about the appropriate role of other gatekeepers and their independence from FDA decisions, it is worth considering whether an ACIP-like entity might be equally useful in other biomedical innovation contexts. # ⚓ Getting_a_COVID_test_in_America_really_isn’t_that_easy,_and especially_if_you_want_the_“free”_one.⠀⇛ Before traveling to Indiana for a few days this past week, my spouse and I went to the local Walgreens to get our seasonal flu shot. We are vaccinated (Pfizer) for COVID and have been for a while, but the flu is still out there, and it’s not a joke, and with the risk of that, or a co-infection, or taking up resources while hospitals need to deal with COVID patients, I didn’t want us to be responsible for contributing to an even bigger mess. There will always be flu shot deniers and COVID deniers, and we can’t change that, but we can change our own actions in spite of them. Just as surely as even if you follow the traffic laws, there will always be that joker in the emergency lane on the freeway doing 140 miles an hour in his Lexus. Anyway, so I get down there and see that they have free rapid (one hour) COVID tests available and I decided it wouldn’t be a major imposition to get tested before we left, since mom and my brother won’t get vaccinated, even as the area of the country that they live in has 7 times more COVID cases per capita than the one I live in. According to mom, the vaccine is “dangerous” even though there’s no real hard evidence that it is, other than some nutcases and frauds on Facebook who are so full of it that not even my dad has been receptive to them (and he’s taken Scientology audits), and she also thinks it is “ineffective”. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Microsoft_and_“innovation”.⠀⇛ Techrights rhetorically asks if Microsoft was ever the first to market in anything. The answer, of course, to anyone paying attention, is no. Microsoft is a company that comes along and creates products that are only barely good enough to work. At best, when they’re under the gun, they do short bursts of improving a product very quickly, but once the competitor is gone, they sack everyone and let the product rot. When I was at the Waukegan Public Library yesterday, I saw Ray Bradbury’s IBM typewriter, and I laughed, because word processors on a modern computer are simply awful. Even the open source LibreOffice, is just less awful, because it must follow in the footsteps of Microsoft Office, implementing their formats and all of the bugs that are required for interoperability, because Microsoft didn’t define the standard well, and they implemented their own standard even worse than they wrote it. Many authors to this day still won’t use Microsoft Word. George R.R. Martin is a notable example. He uses a word processor. WordStar for DOS, in particular. Why use something obsolete? There are many reasons, including the fact that you knew the software already, it worked for you, and it was long before modern software came along with a huge OS running underneath it where the program is much more likely to crash and freeze. Microsoft Office suffers under the weight of terminal featuritis, and there’s so many things in it that can be used in tandem, that Microsoft will never debug it properly even if they suddenly wanted to, or even bordered on being competent enough to pull that off, which they aren’t. # ⚓ 38_million_records_exposed_by_misconfigured_Microsoft Power_Apps._Redmond’s_advice?_RTFM⠀⇛ Forty-seven government entities and privacy companies, including Microsoft, exposed 38 million sensitive data records online by misconfiguring the Windows giant’s Power Apps, a low-code service that promises an easy way to build professional applications. Security biz UpGuard said that in May one of its analysts found that the OData API for a Power Apps portal offered anonymously accessible database records that included personal details. That led the security shop to look at other Power Apps portals and its researchers found over one thousand apps configured to make data available to anyone who asked. Among the entities identified by UpGuard are: state and municipal government bodies in Indiana, Maryland, and New York City, and private enterprises like American Airlines, Ford, JB Hunt, and Microsoft. There’s no indication so far that information has been misused. It was merely publicly accessible up until UpGuard’s disclosures prompted those affected to respond. # ⚓ “Worst_cloud_vulnerability_you_can_imagine” discovered_in_Microsoft_Azure⠀⇛ Cloud security vendor Wiz announced yesterday that it found a vulnerability in Microsoft Azure’s managed database service, Cosmos DB, that granted read/write access for every database on the service to any attacker who found and exploited the bug. Although Wiz only found the vulnerability—which it named “Chaos DB”—two weeks ago, the company says that the vulnerability has been lurking in the system for “at least several months, possibly years.” # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ What_Is_Browser_Fingerprinting_and_How_Can_You Defend_Yourself_Against_It?⠀⇛ Just like a fingerprint reveals a person’s unique human identity, a browser fingerprint can reveal unique traits regarding a person’s online behavior. Browser fingerprinting is an investigative technique mostly used to trace activities back to a specific person and to identify them. But what type of information is gathered, and what are the methods of conducting browser fingerprinting? Can we find out how identifiable we are on the internet? And most of all, are there ways to protect ourselves? Let’s find out. # ⚓ Wireshark_3.4.8⠀⇛ Wireshark is a network packet analyzer. A network packet analyzer will try to capture network packets and tries to display that packet data as detailed as possible. You could think of a network packet analyzer as a measuring device used to examine what’s going on inside a network cable, just like a voltmeter is used by an electrician to examine what’s going on inside an electric cable (but at a higher level, of course). In the past, such tools were either very expensive, proprietary, or both. However, with the advent of Wireshark, all that has changed. Wireshark is perhaps one of the best open source packet analyzers available today. # ⚓ F5_Bug_Could_Lead_to_Complete_System_Takeover⠀⇛ The worst of 13 bugs fixed by the August updates could lead to complete system compromise for users in sensitive sectors running products in Appliance mode. Application delivery and networking firm F5 released a baker’s dozen of 13 fixes for high-severity bugs, including one that could lead to complete system takeover and hence is boosted to “critical” for customers that run BIG- IP in Appliance Mode, given that an attacker that holds valid credentials can bypass Appliance Mode restrictions. # ⚓ Over_30_vulnerabilities_fixed_in_multiple_F5 products⠀⇛ Application delivery networking company F5, has issued patches for over 30 vulnerabilities in its products, including one that scored 9.9 on the CVSS scale. The flaws were severe and numerous enough for CISA to warn administrators to update software as soon as possible. # ⚓ European_Commission_airs_out_new_IoT_device security_draft_law_–_interested_parties_have_a week_to_weigh_in⠀⇛ Infosec pros and other technically minded folk have just under a week left to comment on EU plans to introduce new regulations obligating consumer IoT device makers to address online security issues, data protection, privacy and fraud prevention. Draft regulations applying to “internet-connected radio equipment and wearable radio equipment” are open for public comment until 27 August – and the resulting laws will apply across the bloc from the end of this year, according to the EU Commission. Billed as assisting Internet of Things device security, the new regs will apply to other internet-connected gadgets in current use today, explicitly including “certain laptops” as well as “baby monitors, smart appliances, smart cameras and a number of other radio equipment”, “dongles, alarm systems, home automation systems” and more. # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_is_not_invulnerable,_here_are_some top_Linux_malware_in_2021 [Ed: More of that self-promotional sales pitch from Trend Micro]⠀⇛ So yesterday I wrote about the latest iteration of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS coming out in my usual glowing terms. I feel like there was nothing amiss in that article after all Ubuntu, especially the version in question, is a stellar operating system that is rock solid and has served me well. A few people however decided to call me on my bias and asked me to publicly admit that there is no such thing as an invulnerable operating system under the sun. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Ex-Pence_Aide:_Stephen_Miller’s_“Racist_Hysteria”_Made_It Harder_for_Afghan_Allies_to_Get_Visas⠀⇛ As thousands of people in Afghanistan attempt to flee the country before the United States’ withdrawal on August 31, we look at how the Trump administration made it much harder for Afghans who worked with the U.S. to apply and receive what is known as a special immigrant visa, or SIV. Oliva Troye, a former top aide to Mike Pence who resigned in protest, has placed the blame on Trump’s xenophobic adviser Stephen Miller, saying he peddled “racist hysteria” in White House meetings about bringing Afghan allies to the U.S. “Stephen Miller would say, ‘Well, these are terrorist cells in the making if you bring them here,’” says Troye, director of the Republican Accountability Project and former homeland security adviser to Pence. “I know for a fact that the Trump administration was planning this withdrawal for several years,” says Troye. “Why were they not actively prioritizing this population so that we wouldn’t be in the situation we’re in today?” # ⚓ ‘The_Answer_Cannot_Be_More_War,’_House_Dem_Says_After Deadly_Attack_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Following Thursday’s blasts outside Kabul’s international airport and a nearby hotel, which killed and injured dozens of Afghans and several United States military personnel, U.S. Rep. Sara Jacobs warned Congress and President Joe Biden against responding to the deadly attack with “more war and violence.” “The answer cannot be more war and violence. The answer cannot be launching more ineffective and unaccountable counterterrorism operations.”—Rep. Sara Jacobs # ⚓ Opinion_|_Asking_If_Afghanistan_Will_Become_Breeding_Ground for_Terror_Is_the_Wrong_Question⠀⇛ The big question in the media today is, “Will Afghanistan again become a ‘breeding ground’ for terrorists who may again attack America?” It’s the wrong question. # ⚓ AOC,_Barbara_Lee_to_Biden:_Lift_Refugee_Cap_to_200,000_to Help_Afghans⠀⇛ Reps. Barbara Lee, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, and more than 60 other House Democrats on Thursday urged the Biden administration to raise the U.S. refugee admissions cap to at least 200,000 for Fiscal Year 2022, a demand that came after at least 90 Afghans were killed in an attack near Kabul’s international airport. In a letter (pdf) to President Joe Biden, 66 Democratic lawmakers wrote that “as the people of Afghanistan face an unfolding tragedy, the United States must open its doors to refugees fleeing the devastating consequences of a 20-year U.S. military occupation and 40 years of U.S.-fueled war.” # ⚓ “Mayhem”:_Chaotic_Scenes_at_Kabul_Airport_as_Suicide_Bombs Kill_110+_Afghans_&_U.S._Troops⠀⇛ We go to Kabul, Afghanistan, for an update as the death toll from twin suicide bomb attack outside the airport has topped 110 people, including 13 U.S. troops. The suicide bombers struck near the crowded gates of the airport where thousands of Afghans had gathered in an attempt to flee the country before the withdrawal of U.S. troops on August 31. Afghan journalist Ali Latifi, a Kabul- based correspondent for Al Jazeera English, spoke with witnesses who described a scene of shock and panic following the blasts. “When the bomb went off, it was literally, they said, people walking on top of one another,” says Latifi. “Basically, it was, as they described it, mayhem.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Deadly_Attacks_Prove_Why_US_Withdrawal_Is_Only Course⠀⇛ Al Jazeera Arabic reports that ISIL-K (the so- called “Islamic state group” of Iraq and the Levant in Khorasan) claimed responsibility for the horrific bombings in Kabul on Thursday near Baron Hotel and at Abbey Gate at Hamid Karzai International Airport. # ⚓ Washington_Arrogance_is_Incurable⠀⇛ On a winter hike almost a decade ago, I witnessed first-hand both the haughtiness of officialdom and the human carnage it helped produce. I arrived at Great Falls National Park in Maryland early for that Sunday morning jaunt andfound a wooden rail fence to lean against as I  awaited the arrival of other hikers. A few minutes later, a handicapped van pulled to the side of the nearby road.  A 20-something woman bounded out of the shotgun seat and zipped around to the side of the van.   Her long brown hair was pulled back into a single ponytail topped by a St. Louis Cardinals baseball cap. That bright red hat perfectly complemented a bit of rouge – or maybe she was naturally red-cheeked. # ⚓ Who_Is_ISIS-K?_Anti-Taliban,_Anti-U.S._Terror_Group_Claims Responsibility_for_Kabul_Suicide_Bombs⠀⇛ We speak with Haroun Rahimi, assistant professor of law at the American University of Afghanistan, about the Islamic State affiliate that claimed responsibility for this week’s devastating suicide bombings at Kabul airport, which killed more than 110 people, including 13 U.S. troops. Islamic State Khorasan, or ISIS-K, is a puritanical group that is “critical of all other sects of Islam,” says Rahimi. “Whatever Muslim that thinks differently than them is a major target for them.” He says the group’s name refers to a region of the former Islamic empire and is an attempt to reestablish “some past lost glory” in a bid to attract disaffected Muslim youth. # ⚓ Afghans_Beg_to_Be_Evacuated_as_House_Dems_Call_on_Biden_to Raise_Refugee_Cap⠀⇛ # ⚓ Who_Is_ISIS-K,_the_Group_Claiming_Responsibility_for_Kabul Suicide_Bombs?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Napoleon_and_the_Taliban⠀⇛ Having unexpectedly landed on the Mediterranean coast with only a few hundred faithful but lighly armed supporters, Napoleon’s 20-day march toward Paris proved to be bloodless as an army of hundreds of thousands ordered to stop his progress melted before him and frequently joined his ranks. Louis XVIII and many others associated with the Bourbon regime which had been restored by foreign powers fled into exile. France had made its choice. While no one would suggest any equivalence between Napoleon and the Taliban, one similarity between the Emperor’s bloodless 20-day march from the Mediterranean coast to Paris and the Taliban’s almost bloodless 10-day march from all corners of Afghanistan to Kabul two centuries later is striking and worthy of careful consideration. # ⚓ US_Group_Says_$6_Billion_Earmarked_for_War_Should_Now_Go_to Assist_Afghan_People⠀⇛ As U.S. lawmakers fight over how to reappropriate the roughly $6 billion previously budgeted or requested to support the now defeated Afghan security forces, one U.S.-based peace group is urging Congress to use the freed up war money “to help save Afghan lives, not to boost Pentagon contractor profits.” “After two decades of occupation, tens of thousands of lives lost, and millions more displaced, it would be an insult to the people of Afghanistan to turn around and use the funds freed up by their government’s collapse to double down on weapons and war.”—Kate Kizer, Win Without War # ⚓ Afghanistan_and_the_Propaganda_of_Infinite_War⠀⇛ In their classic book, Manufacturing Consent, Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky argued that the core of propagandistic political discourse in liberal societies is the presupposition of journalists and political elites that political debates must proceed within the ideological parameters established by the two major parties. Views that exist outside of the spectrum of positions embraced by the major parties are deemed extreme, exotic, or beyond the pale, and are blacklisted from consideration in mainstream media and political discourse. Such has been the case with those who challenge the notion that U.S. military power is vital to promoting peace and stability throughout the world. As the U.S. removes its last troops from Afghanistan, concluding a presence that is now 20 years in the making, the spectrum of views that’s dominated U.S. discourse ranges from the hawkish Republican notion that Democratic President Joe Biden is a shell of a leader who is weak on terrorism, to the liberal notion that the war in Afghanistan is a lost cause, and that it’s time for the U.S. to end its commitment there and reengage with its allies through new multilateral alliances that will combat terrorism in smarter, more productive ways. # ⚓ What_are_the_Prospects_For_Peace:_an_Interview_With_Noam Chomsky⠀⇛ Noam Chomsky needs no introduction. He has devoted his whole life to calling out the abuses of power and the excesses of U.S. empire. At 92, he still is actively engaged in the national conversation. We are of course honored that he took the time to talk to us and share his views. The questions here are not philosophical or abstract. They focus on the realities of the international power struggle unfolding in real- time. They directly address the role of the U.S. in escalating tensions and its capacity to reduce them. We also probe the role of everyday citizens in affecting the relationship the U.S. now has and will have with the rest of the world community. # ⚓ Roaming_Charges:_Hour_of_the_Goat⠀⇛ + Curtis LeMay wanted to bomb Vietnam into the Stone Age, “destroying every work of man.” HRC wanted to bomb Afghanistan into modernity, destroying every vestige of misogyny. The bombs fell for years until the US finally left. Amid ruins and graveyards, both nations remain culturally much the same, free to determine the shape of their own future. The US, however, is weaker now, morally, politically and internationally, than it has ever been. + It’s not that difficult to understand why after 20 years US/NATO forces couldn’t “pacify” Afghanistan: they hardly ever knew who was aligned with the Taliban or where they were. Every “errant” airstrike that killed a civilian (and there were 1000s of t hem) probably increased the Taliban’s strength by 10. The increased reliance on drones was an early indication that the war was lost. What seemed from the outside like a demonstration of overwhelming power was actually a sign of strategic futility, as each bomb blew another hole in the Pentagon’s aspirations to subdue Afghanistan. # ⚓ The_American_Fool:_How_Provincialism,_Arrogance,_and_Greed Make_American_Foreign_Policy_an_Exercise_in_Idiocy⠀⇛ No matter how loud the taxpayer funded jet fighter flyovers of football stadiums, there is no silencing the unavoidable “no” to Vidal’s query, just as the same answer would prove forthcoming if one were to ask, “We’re the smart guys, right?” Underrated as a fundamental aspect of American foreign policy, and disaster creation, is the eternal presence and influence of the American Fool. To make the acquaintance of the American Fool, there is no better place to begin than with the Central Intelligence Agency. This is the brain trust that advised President John F. Kennedy that the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba would be a roaring success, and then distinguished itself in the same decade by convincing President Lyndon Johnson that a Saigon-stationed agent, Joe Hovey, was “crying wolf” when he warned of the Tet Offensive. Oops. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Afghan_Feminists_Warned_Us_That_War_Wouldn’t_Free Them⠀⇛ I am feeling a pervasive sense of déjà vu in reading the news of how the Taliban has taken over Afghanistan within weeks of the U.S. withdrawal. Nearly 20 years after the U.S. invaded one of the world’s poorest nation in a retaliatory response to the attacks on Sept. 11, 2001, the so-called enemy force is back in power. Afghan feminist activists have spent the past two decades warning the U.S. against resorting to violent solutions like war and collaborating with armed fundamentalists. Their pleas were ignored. So, it should not surprise us that the Afghanistan occupation—and withdrawal—have gone as badly many predicted they would. # ⚓ Opinion_|_As_a_Refugee,_I_Urge_the_US_to_Open_Its_Arms_to Those_Fleeing_Afghanistan⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Climate_Crisis_Putting_a_Billion_Children_at_‘Extremely High_Risk’⠀⇛ Released ahead of the United Nations Climate Change Conference to be held in November in Glasgow, Scotland, and on the third anniversary of Fridays for Future (FFF), the youth-led global climate strike movement founded by Thunberg, “The Climate Crisis Is a Child Rights Crisis” is the first climate report to combine high-resolution geographic maps detailing global environmental and climate impacts with maps that show regions where children are vulnerable due to an array of stressors, including poverty and lack of access to education, health care or clean water. The report introduces the new Children’s Climate Risk Index  (CCRI), a composite index that ranks nations based on children’s exposure to climate shocks, providing the first comprehensive look at how exactly children are affected by the climate crisis, offering a road map for policymakers seeking to prioritize action based on those who are most at risk. Nick Rees, a policy specialist at UNICEF focusing on climate change and economic analysis and one of the report’s authors, told the Guardian that “[i]t essentially [shows] the likelihood of a child’s ability to survive climate change.” “For the first time, we have a complete picture of where and how children are vulnerable to climate change, and that picture is almost unimaginably dire. Climate and environmental shocks are undermining the complete spectrum of children’s rights, from access to clean air, food and safe water; to education, housing, freedom from exploitation, and even their right to survive. Virtually no child’s life will be unaffected,” said Henrietta Fore, UNICEF’s executive director. “For three years, children have raised their voices around the world to demand action. UNICEF supports their calls for change with an unarguable message—the climate crisis is a child’s rights crisis.” # ⚓ China,_2049:_a_Climate_Disaster_Zone,_Not_a_Military Superpower⠀⇛ “China has invested heavily in new technologies, with a stated intent to complete the modernization of its forces by 2035 and to field a ‘world-class military’ by 2049,” Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin testified in June. The United States, he assured the Senate Armed Services Committee, continues to possess “the best joint fighting force on Earth.” But only by spending countless additional billions of dollars annually, he added, can this country hope to “outpace” China’s projected advances in the decades to come. As it happens, however, there’s a significant flaw in such reasoning. In fact, consider this a guarantee: by 2049, the Chinese military (or what’s left of it) will be so busy coping with a burning, flooding, churning world of climate change — threatening the country’s very survival — that it will possess scant capacity, no less the will, to launch a war with the United States or any of its allies. # ⚓ Our_Dying_Oceans⠀⇛ # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ There_is_No_“Fixing”_This_Industry:_the_Third_Battle for_Lake_Erie⠀⇛ Grade school history classes, consisting mostly of memorizing wars and generals, taught that in the first battle for Lake Erie a small American fleet of wooden ships built in Erie, Pennsylvania, by Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, defeated the British in the War of 1812 and that’s the reason Michigan and Ohio are not the southern boundary of Canada. The third battle for Lake Erie is happening right now. # ⚓ To_Protect_the_Rights_of_Nature,_the_Fight_against Line_3_Must_Continue⠀⇛ For instance, if you plant corn, but no cobs appear, then you are being told that there’s probably a lack of nitrogen in the soil.  Likewise, when your tomato plants turn yellow and die before they should, you may have a problem with water. Sure, these conversations are not like the ones with family members across the kitchen table, but they do show how a continuous dialogue takes place between farmers, ranchers, and gatherers, and the land, water, and air that connect us together in the food system. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Only_Real_Socialism_in_the_US_Is_Corporate Welfare⠀⇛ # ⚓ Joe_Biden_Can_Cancel_Your_Student_Loan_Debt⠀⇛ During a press conference last month, Speaker Nancy Pelosi told reporters that the president cannot cancel student debt through an executive order. “People think that the president of the United States has the power for debt forgiveness,” she said, adding, “He does not. He can postpone, he can delay, but he does not have that power…. The president can’t do it. That’s not even a discussion.” # ⚓ Worried_Students_Are_“Getting_Spoiled,”_WI_District_Cancels Free_Meals_Program⠀⇛ # ⚓ To_Avoid_‘Spoiling’_Hungry_Children,_Wisconsin_School District_Opts_Out_of_Free_Meal_Program⠀⇛ Hundreds of families and educators in Waukesha, Wisconsin are calling on the city’s school board to reverse a decision it made earlier this year to opt out of a federal meal program that was introduced at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, offering free food to students regardless of income. “The Waukesha School Board’s decision isn’t just cruel, it’s an attempt to punish children from families with lower incomes who are disproportionately Black and brown.”—Sarah Godlewski, Wisconsin state treasurer # ⚓ Lauren_Boebert_Admits_She_“Under-Reported”_Campaign Payments_to_the_FEC⠀⇛ # ⚓ Amazon’s_Drive_Into_Africa⠀⇛ The Cape Town development, worth R4 billion (US$284 million), is part of a broader enterprise spanning 15 hectares along a riverside area that promises a range of uses: a hotel, offices, shops, a gym, a number of restaurants, a conference space and affordable housing.  Amazon is intended as the main tenant, with its headquarters covering 70,000 square metres (17.3 acres). The project is not going ahead unopposed.   The site had previously been given a two-year interim heritage designation, which expired in April 2020.  It is distinguished by riverside, verdant space and the confluence of the Black and Liesbeek Rivers, considered of cultural significance to some descendants of the Khoi and San.  To them historical parallels of this enterprise appear with ominous significance.  The Khoi did valiant battle with cattle-raiding Portuguese in a famous encounter half a millennium ago, leaving Francis de Almeida, the first viceroy of the Portuguese Indies, dead. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Walmartland:_How_US_Stores_Colonizing_Mexico_Are Displacing_Local_Culture⠀⇛ The historic center of Puebla city, where I live, is a World Heritage site. The main square is flanked by a cathedral which was built in 1575, and the nearby post office, like many buildings in the area, is beautifully decorated in the traditional tiles. But among theses buildings there is also a McDonald’s, Dominos, Oxxo (a Coca Cola store), Subway, and Burger King, and there is a Pizza Hut, KFC; and Starbucks one block away. # ⚓ WalmartLand:_How_US_Stores_Colonizing_Mexico_are_Displacing Local_Culture⠀⇛ Starbucks has 670 stores in Mexico, Subway has 900, and Walmart has 2,610 – the largest number in any country after the US, and a figure that is likely to increase given their profits during the pandemic. The impact of this change in urban landscape and consumption on Mexicans’ identity, lifestyle, and culture, shouldn’t be underestimated. More and more US transnationals have opened up in Mexico over the past few decades, taking advantage of unfair trade agreements, super-exploitative labor conditions, and cheap utilities. Local restaurants and traditional Mexican tianguis markets struggle to compete, and many Mexicans see the US companies as a source of social status. # ⚓ Cori_Bush_Urges_Congress_to_Act_as_Supreme_Court_Ends Eviction_Moratorium⠀⇛ # ⚓ Cori_Bush_Demands_to_Know_Where_Fellow_Dems_Stand_on Eviction_Moratorium⠀⇛ Congresswoman Cori Bush on Friday demanded to know where her fellow Democratic lawmakers stand on legislative action to extend a nationwide moratorium on evictions after the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the CDC’s ban, leaving millions at risk of losing their homes in the middle of a deadly pandemic. “Just wondering—are some of the Democrats who attempted to sink the Biden agenda this week part of the same group blocking legislation to extend the eviction moratorium?” Bush (D-Mo.) asked on Twitter, referring to the small group of conservative House Democrats who threatened to tank a $3.5 trillion budget resolution. # ⚓ Exclusive:_Report_Details_Corporate_Landlord_Gluttony_as Millions_Face_Eviction⠀⇛ Despite their loud public complaints to lawmakers about the supposed “economic hardships” caused by the CDC’s now-terminated eviction moratorium, large real estate companies have privately touted their solid performance during the coronavirus pandemic—and they’ve rewarded their CEOs with major pay increases. A new report (pdf) provided exclusively to Common Dreams by the government watchdog group Accountable.US shows that large corporate landlords have reported “strong or stable” earnings to investors in recent months as millions of people across the U.S. worried about losing their homes. Thanks to the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling against the eviction moratorium on Thursday, millions of people are now at imminent risk of eviction. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Biden’s_Gambit:_A_Finger_in_the_Dike⠀⇛ The systematic failure of the military and intelligence bureaucracies has begun to be exposed for its incompetency after 20 years of failed “nation building.” Unfortunately, one can expect no long-term consequences as to the control the military-industrial complex domination of U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Biden has built his presidency on an assertive domestic policy, one recalling Franklin Roosevelt’s efforts during the Great Depression.  He took office amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and a recession, inheriting the Trump administration’s failed policies. # ⚓ Texas_House_Speaker_Warns_Democrats_Not_to_Say_“Racism”_in Election_Bill_Debate⠀⇛ # ⚓ These_Progressive_Candidates_Want_to_Transform_LA_in_2022⠀⇛ The political landscape of Los Angeles might go through a dramatic shift in 2022. California’s largest municipality will be voting on half of its 15 City Council districts as well as positions like the City’s controller, attorney, and mayor. Despite the ongoing pandemic, progressive candidates throughout LA see this as an obvious opportunity to push their city decidedly to the left.  # ⚓ As_California_Gubernatorial_Candidates_Debate,_Court Rulings_Change_the_Landscape⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_A_Progressive_Cabal_of_Staffers_on_Capitol_Hill⠀⇛ The idea didn’t come from a newly arrived Harvard or Yale Congressional staffer. They mostly feel sufficiently anointed to the ways of Capitol Hill—getting along with style while going along for ambition. # ⚓ California_Recall:_Right-Wing_Radio_Host_Who_Once_Mentored Stephen_Miller_Could_Replace_Gov._Newsom⠀⇛ The conservative talk radio host Larry Elder is now the Republican front-runner challenging Democratic California Governor Gavin Newsom in a special election that could also shape national politics. California voters cast ballots on September 14 on whether to recall Newsom, after a right-wing campaign to unseat the governor garnered enough signatures to trigger the vote. If Newsom fails to get more than 50% support for staying in office, the candidate with the most votes replaces him as governor. “This whole thing started with anti- immigrant nativists in California who were upset about the pro-immigrant, pro-Latino policies that Gavin Newsom was putting in place,” says Los Angeles Times columnist Jean Guerrero. “[Elder] basically wants to take California back to the 1990s, when we saw an incredibly anti-immigrant and anti-Black decade in California.” Elder was a mentor to Stephen Miller, the xenophobic, anti- immigration former Trump adviser, which Guerrero writes about in her book, “Hatemonger: Stephen Miller, Donald Trump, and the White Nationalist Agenda.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_GOP_Destroying_Democracy_With_Claims_They_Are Saving_It⠀⇛ Arizona’s Maricopa County is ground zero in the continuing debate over election integrity in the United States. The so-called audit of the 2.1 million votes cast in that county in last year’s presidential election—by the almost comically inept firm Cyber Ninjas—was supposed to arrive at the Arizona Senate this week. But delivery was once again delayed as three members of the five-person Ninja team contracted COVID-19. # ⚓ James_Loewen_on_Lies_Historians_Tell_Us⠀⇛ Anyone born before last week can see US news media lying about history as it’s happening. But fast forward to 10, 20 years from now, and those media stories will have hardened into narrative, into the unspoken “given” presented as context for the latest thing. # ⚓ ‘Accountability_to_the_People_of_Afghanistan_Should_Remain Our_Focal_Point’⠀⇛ o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Ballplayer_Who_Fought_for_Free_Agency⠀⇛ Curt Flood belongs in baseball’s Hall of Fame. An outstanding hitter and outfielder during the 1950s and ’60s, he sacrificed his career to challenge the control of baseball’s corporate plutocracy over players’ lives and livelihoods. Every professional athlete owes Flood a debt of gratitude, but the billionaires who run Major League Baseball and the Hall of Fame aren’t fans of Flood, whose outlook and activism were shaped by both the labor and civil rights movements.1 # ⚓ Massive_Indigenous_Protests_in_Brazil_Ahead_of_Landmark Ruling_on_Land_Rights⠀⇛ Indigenous groups from across Brazil have been protesting this week ahead of an expected Supreme Court decision determining the fate of Indigenous lands in the country and which allies fear could unleash “devastating consequences” for human and environmental rights. The court said Thursday that the ruling would come next week. # ⚓ In_Praise_of_Garibaldi_(Anita)⠀⇛ On August 30, 1821 Anita da Silva de Jesus was born in Brazil South to Bentao da Silva and Antonia de Jesus. At the age of seven, Anita became skilled with horses and devoted much of her time to raising and teaching her siblings while her mother did domestic work. In 1831, when Anita was ten, revolution broke out in the Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil’s most southern province. A few years later she lost her father in a tragic accident and was physically assaulted by a neighboring farmer. After acting in self-defense, her case came before the local Justice of the Peace, where she was found innocent. When Anita was eighteen years old in 1839, she was in an unstable arranged marriage. This is when she met Giuseppe Garibaldi (who she referred to as José). Giuseppe Garibaldi was participating in revolutions fomenting in Brazil and Uruguay; they married soon after. Starting in 1839-1840, Anita Garibaldi developed a comradeship with Giuseppe, and contributed to the independence movement and trekked across the countryside, giving birth to their first child. After her capture as a prisoner, she managed to escape and reunite with Giuseppe. In 1841, after fighting on behalf of Rio Grande, Anita left for Montevideo, Uruguay, a place at war with Argentina. Here, Anita Garibaldi organized women at building fortifications caring for children, helped to distribute food, and raised money for political projects in the effort to abolish slavery in Uruguay. In 1847, she travelled to Italy and helped organize political foundations for the redshirts to join the revolutions of 1848. Anita Garibaldi died on August 4, 1849 after participating in the Risorgimento and contracting malaria. # ⚓ Jesús_Santrich_Explored_the_Utopian_Origins_of_Marxist_and Bolivarian_Ideologies⠀⇛ Santrich went into hiding in 2019 for two reasons. The killing of FARC combatants was continuing after the Agreement and he was at risk of being extradited to the United States on false drug charges. He joined the “Second Marquetalia,” an offshoot of the original FARC insurgency that was returning to armed conflict. Santrich’s  22 -page essay, written in 2009 in honor of legendary FARC commander Manuel Marulanda, carries the title:  “Bolivarianism and Marxism – a Commitment to the Impossible” (Bolivarismo y marxismo,un compromiso con lo imposible.) There, Santrich examines the utopian underpinnings of the Marxist movement and the liberation struggles of Simón Bolívar. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Webinar_Materials_–_Fintiv_Denials_in_Light_of_ITC Cases [Ed: But it's stacked by so-called law firms and lawyers instead of scientists]⠀⇛ For this webinar, our panel addressed Fintiv denials in light of PTAB proceedings. The panelists presented several case studies and discussed the current policy applied by the PTAB. A few strategies on how to reduce the risk of denial were also included in the presentation. # ⚓ ToolGen_Files_Opposition_to_CVC_Substantive Preliminary_Motion_No._2_to_Deny_Priority_Benefit [Ed: Still fighting who 'owns' life and nature through utterly ridiculous patent monopolies on CRISPR]⠀⇛ On May 20th, Junior Party the University of California, Berkeley; the University of Vienna; and Emmanuelle Charpentier (collectively, “CVC”) filed its Substantive Preliminary Motion No. 2 in Interference No. 106,127 (which names ToolGen as Senior Party), asking the Patent Trial and Appeal Board to deny ToolGen benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 16/717,324, filed October 23, 2012, pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §§ 41.121(a)(1)(ii) and 41.208(a)(3) and Standing Order ¶ 208.4.1. The significance of the Board granting this motion would be that CVC would be Senior Party, with all the presumptions benefiting from Senior Party status. On July 5th, ToolGen filed is opposition to this Motion. In its Motion No. 2, CVC argued that the Board should deny ToolGen priority benefit to the ’324 application because this application does not disclose an operative embodiment falling within the scope of the interference Count, based on party admissions. Specifically, CVC argued that in the prosecution of the ’324 patent application leading to allowance (and declaration of this interference), ToolGen had argued to the Patent Examiner (and PTAB) that “a codon- optimized Cas9 nucleic acid is required for CRISPR-Cas9 to function in eukaryotic cells” and that “a skilled artisan would have no idea what the outcome may be if one were to codon optimize a Cas9 nucleic acid.” This position was consistent with the prokaryotic source of Cas9, and the Board and Examiner relied upon these arguments to find allowable claims in the ’324 application (now claims designated as corresponding to the Count in this interference) according to CVC. All such claims require use of a Cas9-encoding nucleic acid that is codon-optimized for expression in eukaryotic cells, and CVC asserted that ToolGen added this limitation to the claims to overcome anticipation and obviousness rejections based on the prior art. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ $2,500_for_Defenders_of_the_American_Dream prior_art⠀⇛ On August 27, 2021, Unified Patents added a new PATROLL contest, with a $2,500 cash prize, seeking prior art on at least claim 1 of U.S. Patent 8,621,578. The patent is owned by the Defenders of the American Dream, LLC, an NPE. Various demand letters to owners of websites that simply use Captcha as a verification method have been sent and the ‘578 patent has been asserted against Best Buy, Fandango, AEG, and Ticket Master. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6813 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 110 seconds to (re)generate ⟲