𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, September 01, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 2 Sep 02:50:00 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmWZ187KL1KiuWZ2T69aUFqaDmvDMVo7e6ALsQCK58yNP1 QmY1VJmnrgnvD1UeZntn4kd7Q7Jkehp6eqZHBkGEiqnTdi QmaFyToU47jF5UkU2CTtva1HKGz8X6fJ9MiRnoN9EVF2PR QmfBw8KjEL4jUBLnCDfDMTME9vkCdKPKjn6wFninkuMEkV QmPdYmkA2hjyfyb9e14JCR2pZHcisLHLdZcWJARrrMyhgf Qmb89E6YUPLiH43tv6JNBD4QzFumg2nk2gABmYEbbPv2KP QmXVwu1HjvyJZ3HSFKoFGkBp26Y9G8sfvY6NBAe4KoK6Kp QmTLQpRMfp5Xuv2kMCWwSjxTme9kskdKXqZpqfxd5zsmov QmcubXjcuiSF5gQxJNabrv13YYnkPN8KBRSZhsg2QJcYJy QmRxveENRZAwTLnQcdiQ3CcBn7PwZvo2AFewmw5wDihmMW QmYmEgmfDVPvkfgUa7fsqSMDGZcBioYrEM8ofgP9Yru19n QmPu1rCtSaePMTdT5kGeHHLrZSeZxigNsCj2qnwNcQFhkV QmYGEn3vvtL9MNwJ6i1VEHszMRzevprL1qcHGvx2WA4383 QmdPMxWWqwFAPqCpv9ey72fyHBUtghNQZapMKEj29ot4TQ QmZUUdzxkRTs82iUy2v4eYvj82bQspLfqR1XFp3uBCrVP6 QmdX2s2SqVdLGeDkdkKttPs5yTYJsLmp17uRadMNJPA8o7 QmUXymcWet2q8wd2Hy25EsDQJiht7qrueqsECpz6D9G3Di QmbgQV95aJhhYgZGckMiakNeEJ9krzrNcrk4zKkbrd4BuL QmREjs3AhXCDGyuDLhJQs4HRtxWdtcC2X5PyZCi7atJ2WK QmZgjV9VWmqRr2AHmnw53nRRPSBz1FStdKpPNWXKJpwnxG QmPXDc7XRSN2iYifnk9Qy37k49nZ1PVFnUcWSu4ZYabWm9 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ António ’Gap’ Campinos Explains His Plan to Indoctrinate/Brainwash the Public About So-called ‘IP’ (Misleading, Vague Term, Also a Deliberate Misnomer) | Techrights ⦿ Response to Daniel X. Thomas, Former Director at European Patent Office | Techrights ⦿ It’s a Big Club | Techrights ⦿ EPO Exposé: The Besieged Baltic States – Part X – A Pan-European “Good Brother” Network Celebration? | Techrights ⦿ GNU/Linux 38 This Month | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] A Cat (or Kat) That Sold All Its Souls... | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, August 31, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ A Tale of Two COVID-19 Approaches: KDE (Community) Versus Linux Foundation (Large Corporations) | Techrights ⦿ The Linux Foundation is Exploiting COVID-19 to Take Away Human Rights and Profit Even More From Surveillance | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] A Network of Brothers | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] When Everything is Basically Rigged... | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/antonio-campinos-on-ip/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/daniel-x-thomas-reply/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-big-club/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-good-brother-network/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/gnu-linux-38/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/ipkitten-selling-the-soul/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/irc-log-310821/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-coc-for-obligatory-spying/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-surveillance/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/network-of-brothers-epo/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/rigged-epo/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/linux-powered-handheld-consoles/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/wayland-protocols-1-22/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 78 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/antonio-campinos-on-ip/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/antonio-campinos-on-ip/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ António_‘Gap’_Campinos_Explains_His_Plan_to_Indoctrinate/Brainwash_the_Public About_So-called_‘IP’_(Misleading,_Vague_Term,_Also_a_Deliberate_Misnomer)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Europe, Intellectual_Monopoly, Patents, Videos at 11:25 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz “It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into one pot and call it “intellectual property”. The distorting and confusing term did not become common by accident. Companies that gain from the confusion promoted it. The clearest way out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely. “ –Richard_M._Stallman 2014 Tony: Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/campinos-ohim.webm 2013 Tony: Video_download_link http://techrights.org/videos/campinos-ohim-2013.webm Summary: António_Campinos, back then at OHIM/EUIPO, is talking the typical propaganda about “IPR-intensive industries” (joint propaganda with Benoît ‘Vichy’ Battistelli and a convenient lie we’ve remarked on many times in past years); he also works on perception manipulation, just like large corporations are using schools or schoolteachers to brainwash children for Hollywood, using grossly misapplied words like “piracy” (Campinos uses that word in the interview). We’ve noticed that he keeps talking about “gap”, even several times in succession; not much has changed since [1, 2] (Gap-pinos). ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 139 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/daniel-x-thomas-reply/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/daniel-x-thomas-reply/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Response_to_Daniel_X._Thomas,_Former_Director_at_European_Patent_Office⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 8:47 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz The original was posted in a Microsoft site that spies on millions (not that the EPO can ever_understand_that), hence it is reproduced here without sending traffic to Microsoft, along with our response in-line (fair use doctrine) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇G 1/21 – The RPEBA2015 - How to deal with the president’s comments and the amicus curiae⦈ Summary: Techrights takes a moment to respond to Daniel X. Thomas, who worries that his criticism of the way António_Campinos handled_G_1/21 can get him in trouble THE Benoît_Battistelli regime obliterated the independence of the Boards of Appeal at the EPO, including the highest boards (TBA, EBA/EBoA not exempted from the bollocking and stacking). While it is true that over a decade ago our main critique of the EPO was its practice of European_software_patents “as such”, we’ve since then covered on many other aspects. Until the EPO’s management started bribing and blackmailing the media (even blogs like IP Kat) there was an opportunity to see lots of abuses; the EPO’s PR budget and legal budget (for lawyers who intimidate bloggers like him) squashed a lot of that coverage, except here. So now the EPO’s head honcho du jour can focus on just ad hominem attacks on one person (yours truly). “They constantly defame journalists and staff representatives (sometimes even judges!) and then they accuse them of “defamation”…”It’s worth taking a moment to respond to a public post from Daniel X. Thomas, Former Director at European Patent Office. A lot of the ad hominem attacks happen in private, behind my back, and then used to justify (secret decisions by EPO) management to go as far as blocking IP Kat and blocking the Internet (Web and beyond) access to Techrights — basically an utterly desperate effort to prevent people finding out about crimes of EPO management (they don’t refute articles/accusations, they just attack the messengers; yes, just like in China…) and then they have the audacity to accuse others of what they’re guilty of (projection/hypocrisy). They constantly defame journalists and staff representatives (sometimes even judges!) and then they accuse them of “defamation”… Chilling. Before we proceed to the response, which is well overdue, it would be worth pointing out how amusing it is to see EPO managers (even directors!) past and present referring to software patents as “HEY HI” (AI) or “4IR” (along with other buzzwords/nonsense). Well, they clearly never coded or hacked on code, they just push software #patents to fill their dirty pockets… and maybe not too shockingly those managers (even directors!) use Microsoft’s proprietary software as their ‘blogging’ platform. Yes, a top proponent of software patents, including the motor behind many of the European front groups that lobby the EPO on these matters. The fact that he so openly supports software patents does not surprise me. In fact, what’s the likelihood of an opponent of software patents rising to a director-level position at the EPO? I’m not sure why he decided to write this posy, but he’s probably just worrying about his pension (he did not retire long ago) because now his own words used against his colleagues, who can retaliate against him. They already_attack_other_EPO_pensioners_as_well. There’s that old saying, “It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends on his not understanding it.” (Upton Sinclair) Since he comes from EPO management and he has made tons of money at the management there (without having to pay tax) maybe he prefers to think everything is rosy. Also, harm to the EPO’s management puts his own pension at risk. Thomas: I have got the “honour” of being quoted in Techrights. http://techrights.org/2021/06/18/superficial-epo-coverage/ I have again had the “honour” of being quoted in Techrights. http://techrights.org/2021/06/20/the-epo-games/ Mr Schestowitz takes every opportunity to attack the EPO, and his methods are abject to say the least. What do you mean by “methods”? What do you mean by “attack”? Let’s roll back and clarify the intent of this false narrative. My profession is under a constant attack from patents, granted by patent offices that ignore caselaw in order to cheat the system, usually for financial gain (and as a favour to “large clients”, i.e. multinational monopolies). Who is attacking who? And what does “methods” mean in this context? Reporting the facts? Yeah, some methods… As we shall see in a moment, he relies on the utterly false that my sole criticism of the EPO is for software patents; initially it was the sole issue I was aware of, but about 3,500 articles later I’ve written about so many other issues. It seems like he’s lying and oversimplifying the matter, wrongly implying that the sole problem I have with the EPO is patent scope; as if all is well at EPO and, as we shall see in a moment, he insists that it’s OK to grant software patents. He ignores so many other things, such as the constant lying about the UPC after Brexit. We’ll write more about that later in the week… Thomas: It is an “honour” I can do without as I do not agree to see my freedom of opinion repeatedly misused for a campaign against the EPO which I cannot support. No, Sir. Your freedom to express yourself is protected by the law, but that does not extend to “freedom to have an audience” or “freedom not to be criticised”. You might want to look up the very basics of free speech — something that EPO management never managed to grasp. Heck, it has been blocking this Web site (without explanation/justification) for about 7 years already. It also blocked some other sites and it’s constantly gagging its union, its staff representatives etc. Yes, even this year… Thomas: Lots of things might not be optimal at the EPO, but constant slanting it is not a way to help resolving the difficulties the EPO is going through. “Lots of things might not be optimal” is an understatement — probably one of the (full) decade if not (half) century in the context of the EPO. Why belittle this crisis? Even the EPO itself called it a crisis some years ago (behind closed doors, but somebody leaks it to us). Thomas: I have said certain things about the way the first OP in G 1/21 went along, as my concern is the respect of existing legal rules. It is important to show that even EPO insiders of a very high level (albeit with lower risks of reprisal) admit these issues. That’s the whole point. Thomas: I am convinced that without respect of legal rules we go back to the jungle and the right of the strongest prevails. This is not what I wish for myself, my children and grandchildren. He keeps bringing up his children (more on that in moment), which is a bit strange (as if to make it seem like I’m attacking children or something). Thomas: What I have said has actually nothing to do with my former quality as EPO staff. It is not something that just vanishes overnight. The former status is relevant. It’s also what pays the pension (still). Thomas: It was the view of somebody interested in the topic as it concerns an institution is am still loyal to. Any objective observer could come to similar conclusions. Good people concede their loyalty when they become witnesses to bad things. Thomas: In view of the constant misuse of my honest opinion, I will now refrain from any statement relating to G 1/21. How was it misused? It was not. It was quoted (and not out of context). What he wants is selective audiences/mentions. Thomas: I do not want to help this person to constantly attack the EPO. I do not attack the EPO; the reason so many EPO workers read Techrights is that we’re trying to actually save the EPO from those who attack it from the inside. Thomas: It should also be kept in mind that beyond the personal attacks against some members of staff, the pet peeve of this person is the possibility of patenting programmes CII or even AI. “CII” and “AI” is meaningless nonsense. The fact that he’s repeating such meaningless nonsense reaffirms my belief that too many incompetent people make it into top roles at the EPO. Thomas: I said it many times, and repeat it once more, contrary to what Mr Schestowitz thinks, CII or even AI are not forbidden by the EPC. The EPC says nothing “CII” and “AI”, so quit using buzzwords, which you likely don’t even understand (nobody is meant to understand such lingo). Thomas: The simple considerations as to why CII are well patentable under the EPC is apparently too complicated for Mr Schestowitz to enter in his brain. The doctrinal blindness and hatred of this person against the EPO is indeed flabbergasting. The typical accusation of “hatred” is an old tactics, suggestive or emotion and irrational feelings. We use simple logic and we observe facts, not financial interest (which is all that matters to EPO management — that’s why it breaks the law). Thomas: Last but not least, attacking persons for their supposed likeness with other ones or for their hair colour is absolutely abject. This is false. I am guessing he alludes to the Willy Wonka thing. It’s alluding to “FUDGE” (as in legal fudge(, nothing to do with hair colours… Thomas: My son and my two grandchildren have red hair, and attacking a person for its hair colour is also attacking my family. So now he’s trying to make it seem like I personally attacked him and his children. I attacked neither. Thomas: In view of this turn of events provoked by Mr Schestowitz I have to conclude that this person has managed to silence me due to my status of former staff of the EPO. Someone from Red Hat once tried the same tactics, basically saying in public that I “silence” by merely quoting someone. No, someone choosing to not talk anymore is silencing oneself. You know who silences people and sites? The EPO’s management. To the point of blocking them and siccing lawyers at them. They did it to me countless times and I’m not alone. Thomas: This does not withhold myself to have my idea about the topic and the procedure used to come to a decision. Some of the amicus curiae are quite eloquent in this respect. We’re cited them a lot more than anything from Mr. Thomas. We didn’t even say anything negative about him; quite the contrary! █ ⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠟⠟⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⣿⠟⢻⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢻⠿⠟⡿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠰⠀⢸⣿⠶⠀⠟⠠⠖⠀⢼⠆⠸⣿⡏⢛⠹⣿⡆⢠⡆⢀⠀⠇⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⡇⢀⣀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠑⠀⠠⠀⠆⢈⠆⠀⠯⠀⠀⣿⠏⡉⣻⡇⢈⡁⠈⠠⠀⡃⠁⠈⠰⣿⠀⠀⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣦⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣦⣾⣶⣶⣬⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣷⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣧⣾⣶⣷⣼⣿⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣷⣤⣷⣴⣴⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣧⣼⣶⣶⣷⣴⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣦⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⢉⠀⠏⠉⠻⠉⠉⠇⢸⣿⠉⠋⠋⠑⠀⠀⣙⠀⡉⢹⣟⠀⣹⠀⡉⡛⠉⠙⣿⡏⢉⠉⠉⢉⠉⠉⠋⠉⢙⠀⠋⡁⢸⠋⠉⠋⢉⠉⡁⢈⣀⡈⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣧⣌⣤⣦⣀⣤⣄⣤⣤⣼⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣤⣥⣼⣿⣤⣭⣤⣤⣧⣄⣤⣿⡇⢈⣤⣤⣿⣤⣠⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣠⣬⣤⣠⣤⣼⣤⣧⣬⣽⣧⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠻⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠛⠿⡟⠻⠟⠿⠿⠟⠿⠻⠿⠛⠉⠿⠿⢻⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠉⣿⡟⠙⠋⠹⠿⠟⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠋⠉⠿⠿⡻⠿⠟⠿⠿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠟⡟⠻⠿⠏⢙⠿⠻⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⠘⢢⠀⠀⡀⠐⠀⠀⠇⢰⠀⠂⣆⠀⠀⠀⠆⢰⠀⠂⠀⠈⣿⡁⠀⢸⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⢰⠀⡀⠀⠈⣿⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠆⢰⠀⡀⠁⠆⠈⠀⠀⠀⣿⣇⠀⢊⠀⠁⠀⢰⡆⢈⠀⠀⢆⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢅⡈⡈⡈⠉⣉⢁⢉⣉⣇⠈⡉⣅⣀⢘⣂⠀⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⣀⢀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣘⡣⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠡⡶⠲⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⣦⢹⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣇⣈⣉⣈⣈⣅⣀⣉⣁⣈⣉⣇⣈⣀⣉⣀⣀⣉⣈⣸⣀⣀⣉⣁⣀⣠⣀⣈⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣦⣙⣚⣓⣓⣒⣒⣒⣒⣋⣼⣿ ⡿⠿⠿⠦⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⡟⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⢻⣿⣿⠿⣿⢻⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⠟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⡿⠻⠿⠻⠛⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣃⣋⣃⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣐⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣂⣂⣀⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣈⣯⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣕⣀⠀⣀⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣀⣬⣀⣀⣀⣀⣘⣀⣀⣰⣀⣀⣀⣘⣀⣃⣆⣀⣀⣀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡏⠉⠉⠉⢉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣤⣦⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣛⢛⠛⠻⢟⠟⠛⠛⠿⠟⠛⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⡻⠟⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢿⠻⠿⠛⡟⢻⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠻⡛⡛⢻⠿⠻⠿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⢻⡟⠻⠿⠿⠻⠛⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⡿⠛⠟⠛⠟⢿⠿⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⠿⠿⠟⠿⠻⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣷⣦⣤⣬⣤⣧⣼⣥⣬⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣥⣼⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣬⣬⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣀⣤⣤⣥⣠⣼⣦⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⡏⠈⠁⠈⠅⠁⠫⢹⠨⠉⠙⠉⢈⠉⠀⠀⢹⠉⠉⠋⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠀⠁⢋⠉⠠⠁⠈⠉⠁⠉⠁⠁⠰⠄⠁⠉⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⢻⣠⠀⠀⠉⠯⠉⠉⠈⠀⠀⠉⢹⠉⠈⠁⠁⠸⠂⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠷⠾⠿⠳⠶⠞⠿⠾⢿⠾⠾⠖⠶⠶⠿⠿⠶⠺⡷⠷⠷⢶⢿⠿⠾⠾⠷⠿⠾⠿⠶⠾⠾⠶⣷⠶⠷⡾⠞⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠿⠻⠷⠾⠾⠶⠶⠿⠶⠶⠾⡷⠿⠿⠶⠾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣂⣀⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣣⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 497 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-big-club/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-big-club/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ It’s_a_Big_Club⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 9:24 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 2a980242c00780d59eee206fa7bca83b http://techrights.org/videos/it-is-who-you-know.webm 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Celebrating patents in Estonia⦈ Summary: A video to accompany part 10 of the ongoing series (EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic States) THE video above was recorded shortly after publishing part_10 in the series about the EPO cabal, arranging top-level jobs and basically distributing EPO salaries (6-figure and tax-exempted) to friends and loyalists of Benoît Battistelli, António_Campinos and various cohorts of theirs. We’ve ended up with a patent office, the largest of its kind in Europe, that just grants patents on all sorts of things (including European_software_patents) and then besieges its administrative tribunals to ensure they always nod approvingly. Tomorrow we’ll publish part 11, which will show more of these same abuses or an elaborate coup. █ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⠀⣀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⡟⠃⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠋⢸⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⡏⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⠈⢻⣿⡟⢹⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⡇⣾⣿⢹⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⡀⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⡟⠃⣿⣷⣸⣷⠛⣿⡟⠃⣿⣏⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢠⣤⢸⣿⡟⠃⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠛⢸⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⡟⣿⡄⣿⣇⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⢶⣶⠀⠀⣿⣿⠛⠃⣿⣇⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢹⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠀⣙⡻⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣾⠿⠸⠿⠷⠆⠿⠿⠆⠿⠿⠶⠸⠿⠾⠿⠸⠿⠇⠿⠷⠿⣏⡿⢧⣼⠿⠇⠸⠿⠇⠿⠏⠿⠇⠹⣿⡾⠿⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠰⠿⠏⠿⠧⠸⠿⠇⠸⠿⠷⠆⠿⠇⠿⠿⠀⠿⠇⠀⠿⣷⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣀⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣀⣀⠀⡘⠛⠛⠻⣿⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⢸⣿⣤⡄⣿⠐⠠⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣯⡿⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠄⣹⣿⠀⢠⣆⣠⣶⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⢀⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣹⣿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⣏⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣻⠿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣭⣭⣭⣭⣤⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣉⣉⣭⡆⣘⢿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠓⠌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣾⢿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠐⠢⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡃⠀⠾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠋⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣐⣢⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣷⣤⣤⡀⠙⠻⠛⠋⣩⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⡻⢸⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⡀⠈⠛⠋⢩⣝⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠈⠛⢿⣾⣿⡡⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⣶⣦⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠷⣶⣦⣄⢀⢼⣿⡇⠈⠳⢄⡀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢤⣄⠉⠙⣻⡾⠟⠂⠐⢦⣀⠙⠪⡙⠛⠛⠿⠧⢴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠑⠀⠈⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢄⣀⠀⡀⣀⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣭⣀⣐⣒⡶⢿⣷⣶⣤⣤⡐⠂⠉⠁⠒⢭⣛⠷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣷⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣻⡿⢽⠛⠈⢩⠟⠉⡏⠙⢻⠶⠦⣤⡀⠈⠙⠒⠉⡁⠲⢄⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢹⡷⠁⡝⠁⢈⠶⠋⢹⠏⠇⡵⠋⠀⠌⠀⠠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⣀⠀⢣⠉⠚⠳⢦⣄⣅⡒⠜⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠋⠀⢀⠁⠀⠎⢀⣀⠘⠀⠺⡁⠐⠤⢤⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠺⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠻⣷⠤⠀⠂⠠⠀⠀⠀⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⠙ ⠀⠂⠤⠀⠀⠀⠄⠈⠉⠲⢀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣹⡇⠐⢶⣶⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣶⣦⣾⣿⣷⡀⠀⢀⣤⣄⣀⣤⣤⣶⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣩⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢩ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⡄⢤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠆⢩⣏⣋⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⣲⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⣷⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣬⡁⢩⣽⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣋⣉⣉⡛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⣀⣀⣩⣥⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢘⣿⣻⢻⣟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣍⣛⣛⣫⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠸⢿⣿⣿⠋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣺⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣟⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣤⣴⣶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣟⣛⡿⣿⣟⣛⣿⡿⣟⣛⡿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣟⡿⣿⣟⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢻⢸⣿⡹⢿⣸⣿⣿⢻⣾⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⢮⣛⢿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣭⣍ ⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣹⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣶⣸⣿⣼⡿⣼⣿⣿⣿⡽⣿⣾⣿⣸⣿⣸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⠠⠒⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 578 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-good-brother-network/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/epo-good-brother-network/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_X_–_A_Pan-European_“Good Brother”_Network_Celebration?⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:21 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series index: 1. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_I_–_More_Captured Delegates? 2. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_II_–_Old_Wine_in_New Bottles… 3. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_III_–_Introducing_the Finnish_“Facilitator” 4. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IV_–_Martti_Enäjärvi_and His_“Good_Brother”_Networks 5. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_V_–_A_Man_With_a Conviction… 6. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VI_–_“A_Good_Friend_of Estonia_and_a_Steady_Cooperation_Partner” 7. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VII_–_A_Self-Appointed “Select_Committee” 8. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_VIII_–_Pulling_for_the Portuguese_Pretender? 9. EPO_Exposé:_The_Besieged_Baltic_States_–_Part_IX_–_António’s_Faithful Acolyte_in_Alicante 10. You are here ☞ A Pan-European “Good Brother” Network Celebration? 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO'_usual_suspects⦈_ All the usual suspects turned up at the 20th anniversary celebration of the Estonian patent office (March 2012). Summary: The EPO‘s “big club” sort of folded its cards a decade ago; we take a look back in time and work ‘in reverse’ to explain current EPO affairs By all accounts, 2012 was a tough year for the Estonian Patent Office. According to the annual report “jobs were cut and salaries were reduced”. “But despite these “crisis circumstances”, the Estonian Patent Office somehow managed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of its re-establishment in what was described as “a dignified manner”.”Things were so bad that the Director-General Matti Päts lamented: “Various bonuses that we once could enjoy have now been forgotten.” But despite these “crisis circumstances”, the Estonian Patent Office somehow managed to commemorate the 20th anniversary of its re-establishment in what was described as “a dignified manner”. The celebratory event took place in Tallinn on 8 March 2012 and was attended by the great and good of the “global IP community”. The foremost guest of honour was Francis Gurry, the scandal-ridden head honcho of WIPO in Geneva. “The celebratory event took place in Tallinn on 8 March 2012 and was attended by the great and good of the “global IP community”.”Also present were most of those who had participated in the mysterious meeting that had taken place two years earlier in January 2010 to discuss “the development trends of both EPO and OHIM”. Once again, Matti Päts played the host to Benoît_Battistelli – now the President of the EPO – and to António_Campinos – now the Executive Director of the EU trademark agency OHIM. But in March 2012 Battistelli and Campinos didn’t have to hide themselves behind a veil of conspiratorial secrecy. They now appeared in public as guests of honour seated beside Päts and Gurry. Battistelli’s valet Gilles Requena who had advanced to become his master’s chef-de-cabinet at the EPO was also to be seen hanging around on the sidelines. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO's_Gilles_Requena⦈_ Battistelli’s valet Gilles Requena hanging around on the sidelines. And last but not least, Battistelli’s Finnish “facilitator”, Martti Enäjärvi, turned up to pay his respects to his “good brothers” from the “European IP network”. As Matti Päts put it: “The anniversary would not have been perfect without our long-time supporter and friend Mr Martti Enäjärvi, the former Director General of the National Board of Patents and Registration of Finland.” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Martti_of_Finland_in_Estonia⦈_ “The anniversary would not have been perfect without our long-time supporter and friend Mr Martti Enäjärvi” The only person who seems to have been missing was João Negrão but he had probably been left behind in Alicante to hold the fort. The official_photos of the event also record the presence of other key supporters of Battistelli, in particular the head of the Danish Patent and Trademark Office, Jesper Kongstad, who appears as a guest of honour, seated between Battistelli and Campinos. Kongstad was now the Chairman of the EPO’s Administrative Council thanks to the “partnership” deal which he had cut with Battistelli back in 2010. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Kongstad_and_Campinos⦈_ Head of the Danish PTO Jesper Kongstad having a giggle with his fellow guest of honour, António Campinos. In addition to Kongstad there was the Director-General of the Croatian State IPO, Željko Topić, who would be appointed as an EPO Vice-President later_the same_month (warning: epo.org link) and the Director-General of the Spanish Patent and Trademarks Office, Alberto Casado Cerviño, who would likewise be appointed as an EPO Vice-President some months later in June_2012. (warning: epo.org link) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Alberto_Casado_Cervino_networking⦈_ Enäjärvi seated beside Aberto Casado Cerviño, head of the Spanish PT and soon to become EPO Vice-President. Rimvydas Naujokas from the Lithuanian Patent Office is in the background. Topić can be seen seated beside the head of the Hungarian IPO, Miklós Bendzsel, who was at that time the deputy Chairman of the EPO’s Administrative Council and another staunch Battistelli loyalist. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Topic_lobbying⦈_ Željko Topić and Miklós Bendzsel enjoying a laugh together.Friedrich Rödler can be seen seated beside Topić. Yet another notable guest was the Austrian “double-dipper” Friedrich Rödler who can be seen exchanging pleasantries with Campinos. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Campinos_with_Friedrich_Rodler⦈_ Hail fellow well met: António Campinos and Friedrich Rödler exchanging pleasantries. Given the cold winds of austerity blowing through the Estonian Patent Office at the time, it’s not clear how Matti Päts and his team managed to foot the bill for this extravaganza. “Given the cold winds of austerity blowing through the Estonian Patent Office at the time, it’s not clear how Matti Päts and his team managed to foot the bill for this extravaganza.”There has been speculation that the costs might have been subsidised by Battistelli using EPO funds as a kind of “thank you” present to his cash-strapped friends on the Baltic Rim but there is no hard proof of this. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Matti_Pats_of_Estonia_drinking⦈_ Break out the champagne: Master of ceremonies Matti Päts receives a present from Latvian representatives Reinis Bērziņš and Guntis Ramāns. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Elle_Mardo_of_Estonia⦈_ Elle Mardo, head of the Patent Department at the Estonian Patent Office tucking into the sushi at the self-service buffet. Due to an economic crisis, jobs were being cut, salaries reduced and bonuses slashed at the Estonian Patent Office, so who was covering the expense of this lavish spread? “In any case, Battistelli was suitably impressed by the 2012 event that Matti Päts had organised for his buddies in the “European IP network”.”The ostensible purpose of this event was to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Estonian Patent Office. However, the overall impression given is that it was a kind of undercover victory celebration of the pro-Battistelli clique that had organised the secret meeting to discuss “the development trends of both EPO and OHIM” with Matti Päts on 10 January 2010. In any case, Battistelli was suitably impressed by the 2012 event that Matti Päts had organised for his buddies in the “European IP network”. Following his return to Munich, he sent a_personal_letter_of_thanks_to_Päts [PDF] with a promise of continued collaboration: Be assure [sic] that the EPO will continue to support your actions and, thanks to the Cooperation roadmap which has been adopted with your approval, it is intended to foster our bilateral activities in the coming years. In the next part we will return to the person who is suspected as having acted as the facilitator at the January 2010 meeting, namely Martti Enäjärvi and we will see how his “good brother” connections in Alicante came to his assistance after he had been forced to retire from the Finnish PRH. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠻⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣥⣷⣦⣀⠻⠳⠆⠈⠉⠻⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣍⣤⣦⣶⡆⡤⠙⠄⠙⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣉⣩⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠃⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢋⠉⠉⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣑⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢞⠍⠒⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡠⡄⠀⡠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⣷⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣱⡐⠘⠁⠙⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣴⠆⠀⠀⢿⠻⢏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠧⣀⡀⢼⡏⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⡀⠰⠘⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠘⢯⠁⣈⠿⠏⠙⠿⠿⡿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢿⣿⠍⡈⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠠⠆⡀⢠⠌⣿⣾⣇⠀⠀⠃⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠃⠀⠀⢀⣐⣤⣤⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡆⠸⡿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠅⠉⢻⡶⠞⠀⠘⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠐⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡏⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣷⣿⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢹⡀⢰⡖⠞⢿⠧⠀⠀⢠⣄⠹⢿⡿⠿⠛⠛⢄⣴⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡟⣏⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠂⠠⢸⣿⣬⠝⠛⣮⣯⡀⠠⣿⡿⣡⠆⠀⠀⣀⣰⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠿⡧⡯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢧⠆⠁⠀⠀⠙⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⢀⢈⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠠⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢛⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⢀⣟⣇⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠛⣻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠑⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⡀⠀⣿⣄⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣵⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠉⠉⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢸⣄⣿⠏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⡦⢤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣴⡀⣸⡇⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠲⠶⠶⠖⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠎⠛⢹⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡃⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠈⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠷⠦⠤⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣶⣾⠗⠛⢻⣿⣯⣤⣦⣤⣴⣿⣄⣠⣤⣯⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⡤⠄ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣿⣶⣶⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣁⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣉⣽⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⠟⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠿⢿⡟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⠍⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⠀⠀⠙⢿⢁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⢿⣿⡿⠟⢻⢼⠙⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⠀⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢘⡟⠻⣖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣾⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠ ⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠄⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡟⢣⣆⠀⣠⡾⢿⣾⣿⠂⣤⣰⠀⠀⣿⣿⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⠿⠋⠀ ⣿⣿⠅⠀⣠⣴⠆⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣫⡯⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣭⡉⠀⡤⠠⠘⣿⣇⡈⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠙⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡯⠀⠀⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣱⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⠟⡀⠀⡰⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣷⡖⢛⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣋⣴⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⢀⢁⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢿⣿⣛⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⢇⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣀⣈⠀⠈⣡⣾⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢣⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠝⠋⠁⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠩⠋⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠛⢿⣦⣪⣽⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣲⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘⢠⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣛⣀⣩⡟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠸⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢴⠟⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣑⣦⣄⣠⣾⣏⣾⣶⣤⣄⡀⢀⣌⣠⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠉⣽⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢃⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣼⡿⢿⡻⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠑⠒⠲⠂⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡿⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢉⣚⣯⣍⣋⣙⣛⠤⠤⠠⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠘⢿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣭⣿⣿⣷⣯⣭⡛⠛⠛⠻⠶⠶⠶⠦⠭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡆⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠁⠀⠙⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⠏⠀⣠⣶⣾⣧⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣟⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⢉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⣫⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠁⠀⠀⢀⣠⠂⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⠋⠁⠀⠀⢀⣠⡶⠋⠾⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⠙⠊⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢀⣠⣶⠟⠁⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⣀⣮⠆⢰⣴⣶⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⢷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣽⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢻⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡟⣱⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⠏⠀⣤⣶⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿ ⡾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⢹⣿⠃⠀⠀⣠⡾⢘⣿⣹⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠀⣠⣾⣿⠁⣾⢟⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡴⠶⠦⠀⢰⣿⣋⣠⣾⣯⣾⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠇⠀⠀⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠶⠶⠲⠀⡼⢯⣭⣍⣻⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣱⠀⠜⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠁⠀⠀⠀⠐⠲⠲⠦⣭⡍⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢸⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣍⡐⠂⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣩⣥⣶⡀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣹⣿⣟⢙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣞⢅⢤⢊⣮⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⢹⠉⢹⡇⠀⠀⣾⡟⢿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⢠⣟⣿⣿⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⠊⢱⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡤⢺⣧⢨⣾⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⣷⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡐⣶⠒⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠾⢛⣿⣧⣀⣸⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣴⣆⣀⡈⠊⠉⠻⣿⣙⣿⣷⡀⣾⣿⣿⡏⠻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣋⣭⡍⠀⢉⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⡽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅⣀⣈⡃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣿⣿⡿⣟⣯⣷⣶⣾⣿⡏⠀⠰⠶⠉⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣴⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⢀⣘⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⣼⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠋⠛⠻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢋ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡤⠀⠀⠀⢻⣽⣏⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣠⠺⣷⣌⠁⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠃⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣈⣽⠟⢡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣱⣿⣿ ⣷⢦⠈⠙⣛⢿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠈⠙⢧⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⡊⠈⠛⠁⠀⠙⣿⡄⠺⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠘⠛⠿⣿ ⢣⠇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣹⡟⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡿⠋⠀⠀⢀⣴⣮⣭⣾⣿⣶⡀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀ ⡟⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡷⣚⡟⣀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠈⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠒⠲⠤⠀⠀⠙⠙⠏⠉⠛⠻⠀⠀ ⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⡘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣵⣾⡿⠹⠫⢋⢿⡿⠃⠀⢀⡤⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠋⠅⠀⠘⠋⢉⣙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣤⣤⣦⡀⠀⢰⡶⢤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢰⣠⣴⡶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⢻⣿⣤⣤⡾⠿⠟⣿⠿⠃⢠⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⢻⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠯⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠜⠁⠀⠀⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⡋⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠼⠘⠛⠉⠁⢸⣽⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣲⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡏⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣋⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⢠⣿⡿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⡾⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡇⢹⣯⣽⣏⢾⣿⣿⣿⣟⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡴⣠⡿⠛⢉⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡟⠀⢀⡿⣿⣽⣮⠻⠹⡿⣯⢦⡕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⡿⠋⠂⠁⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢩⣄⣘⢋⣰⣿⣿⣿⣷⢡⣿⣿⠿⢎⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡋⠸⣿⡿⣿⣿⣷⠙⠻⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢃⡠⢞⣥⣄⣄⠀⠁⠨⠟⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠟⣡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠻⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠻⠖⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⢿⣞⣬⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢢⣾⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣤⣼⣷⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣄⣴⣿⣿⡇⢰⣿⣯⣤⣶⣭⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣵⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣯⡌⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠟⠁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣛⣿⣿⡿⠳⠚⠻⠟⠙⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣻⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠶⠾⠻⢿⣿⣿⡟⢃⠁⣄⣘⠁⡈⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣯⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣬⣽⣇⣰⣼⣿⣛⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⡇⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣯⣅⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⢀⣼⣿⡟⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣷⣄⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣯⡙⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠻⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⣹⣿⣿⡟⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡙⣿⣿⣿⢽⣿⣿⠉⢹⣿⡏⢿⣿⣿⡏⠀⣿⠋⠙⢷⡌⠁⠀⠀⠘⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⣸⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣬⡙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣽⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠋⠉⠁⠀⣰⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠁⠙⠛⣿⠏⠋⠁⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⢻⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠧⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡷⣶⣎⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣄⡀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⡷⡽⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡄⠀⠀⠈⠿⠀⠀⠘⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣝⢛⡃⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣧⠀⣥⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠄⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣦⢻⡄⠀⠀⠀⢿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠈⠒⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡏⣸⣧⣶⣶⣶⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⡟⡾⠫⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⡽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⢿⠙⠛⠛⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢰⢤⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡿⠷⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⣀⣈⣤⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣾⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣛⠅⠐⠂⠀⢀⡀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣿⣶⠯⣽⡑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠘⠛⢓⠶⠄⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⢸⠀⢾⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣿⣿⣧⣼⣧⠄⠈⠛⢆⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣷⡿⠇⠈⠛⠁⠀⠈⠉⠁⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠟⠛⠛⠇⠀⠘⠒⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠛⠁⠀⠀⢈⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠟⠀⠀⠉⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⢹⣿⣿⠋⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⠤⡀⠈⢣⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣴⣿⡿⠁⢀⠜⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣭⣴⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠄⢀⣤⣾⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⡠⠂⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣻⢿⢅⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⠇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⡀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⢀⣸⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠔⠀⠀⣤⣼⣿⠀⠀⢰⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⢀⢟⠕⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡇⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠈⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⣹⣿⠀⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣄⠀⠀⠰⠿⠀⠀⠔⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⢀⣼⣿⣿⣤⣿⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⡟⠀⠀⣰⣶⣶⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⣸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠁⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣤⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⠀⣼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣏⣐⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠛⠁⠀⠈⠉⢨⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡶⢣⣄⣀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⣀⣾⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⣫⣷⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣻⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⡀⣴⣾⣿⣿⡿⣛ ⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣶⣶⢴⠲⣦⣴⣦⡆⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⣷ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⠿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⣩⡯⣷⣅⠁⠈⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⣹⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⡫ ⢿⣿⡟⢿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠆⣾⣿⠙⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠇⢻⣿⠿⡎⠰⠣⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡶⣿⣁⡀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣵⢴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⡍⣳⡾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣄ ⠈⠋⠁⠀⠙⢆⠀⠀⠐⠿⣿⠴⢰⣧⢿⠉⣡⣾⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⢂⢿⡒⠀⡄⠄⠀⢻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣳⣛⡿⠛⠉⠙⠿⠛⢹⠟⣿⠇⠁⠘⠛⠛⠛⠄⠋⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⠀⠘⠛⠁⠀⣸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠹⠁⢘⣿⣿⣿⡿⠽⠗⠀⠀⠀⠘⠣⠀⠈⠀⠀⠉⠉⣠⣶⣆⠟⠁⢻⠻⣷⠆⠄⠀⠀⢸⠃⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⡧⠃⠀⣴⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⡓⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠖⠘⠛⠋⠈⠀⢻⣀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡅⢠⣼⣿⣿⡀⠸⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣬⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⢄⣹⣿⣧⣾⣽⣽⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠴⠄⡙⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡻⠿⠟⠓⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⡟⠃⠀⠀⠐⠒⠀⠋⠙⢻⢿⣿⣷⣾⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣀⡀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠠⠤⢀⠠⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣿⡆⠉⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⡤⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠛⠉⠉⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⠇⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⣿⢻⣤⣶⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣀⠄⢐⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠿⠶⠮⡆⠀⠀⢠⣤⡴⠶⠶⠿⠿⣿⣿⣳⣿⣿⣶⣶⣆⣠⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠰⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠻⠇⠸⡇⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣶⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣦⠐⠀⢀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣙⣙⣟⣟⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⢀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠈⠉⠿⢻⣀⠁⠐⠢⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠊⠉⠋⡩⢭⣥⢠⡤⢠⣄⣀⠼⠛⢰⠷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⡛⠛⠛⠉⢀⠀⠀⢸⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠅⠐⠀⠈⠲⠊⣹⣉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣆⡒⠛⣉⡷⣷⣤⠶⢤⡿⣿⣴⣆⣘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⠛⠿⠟⢲⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠗⠆⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⣀⠀⠀⠄⠘⣿⡶⣰⠛⣽⣿⣯⢻⣯⣛⣶⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠁⠀⢶⡶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣼⢿⣿⡗⠀⣨⣿⣿⣩⣵⣷⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣶⣄⢘⣳⣿⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠀⢹⣿⢿⣿⡿⡓⠛⣧⣤⡿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠉⠐⢲⠛⢛⡟⠛⣿⣇⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣷⣿⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠈⠛⠛⢻⣿⣟⣹⡉⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡉⠓⠒⡓⠒⣿⣿⣾⣾⣦⣼⡉⢹⠿⣾⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠴⣾⣿⣿⢿⣛⣧⣼⣉⣀⣠⣀⣀⣤⣾⣿⠀⠀⠀⠑⠒⢿⣧⣤⣤⣼⡟⠈⣹⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣶⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡿⡈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠔⠀⢠⢸⣿⠿⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⡀⡀⠀⠀⡙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢌⣺⣟⣻⣿⣿⣟⠪⠀⠛⢿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠃⠀⢲⡷⠟⠉⢋⣤⣶⡷⠀⠀⠀⠰⡽⢉⠱⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠈⠛⠩⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⡿⣹⣿⣿⡛⢍⡢⢁⠀⠈⡙⠿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⠀⢀⣐⡨⢛⠿⣇⠀⠀⠀⡐⡠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠌⣻⠷⣶⣴⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣌⡐⢌⡂⢅⣷⣆⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⣶⣵⣿⣗⡀⢈⠀⠀⠀⠰⢿⠗⠁⠂⠀⠀⠌⠐⠊⠘⡉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⢏⡣⢞⣻⣿⣛⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠬⠁⠠⢁⠀⠀⠐⠀⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠄⣀⠌⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⣔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1063 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/gnu-linux-38/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/gnu-linux-38/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ GNU/Linux_38_This_Month⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Kernel at 6:26 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz GNU/Linux_Is_38_Years_Old_This_Month_(Or_Is_It_28_Years_Old?)_–_Invidious Summary: Taylor seems to be reading_Techrights… ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1089 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/ipkitten-selling-the-soul/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/ipkitten-selling-the-soul/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_A_Cat_(or_Kat)_That_Sold_All_Its_Souls…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 8:57 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇IP_Kat:_420_for_the_year⦈_ The way things are going, by extrapolating (from January-August numbers, 280 posts in total), there will be only ~420 posts for this year (an all-time low) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇ipkat-plea-for-help⦈_ Summary: Kat ‘Karma’ for not covering the EPO scandals everybody wants and needs to know about? Today they’re looking for volunteers, using the pseudonym “Merpel” (the people who exposed EPO abuses under that name have left the blog)… ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⡟⠛⠻⣿⠛⠛⡟⠛⣿⣿⡇⣼⡛⠛⢿⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⢻⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⢺⣄⠛⢃⣿⠋⠐⣿⠀⣿⣿⡆⢻⠟⠁⢻⠁⠄⢹⠛⠁⢺⡇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠉⠉⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⠁⠶⣶⡟⢛⢻⠛⢛⠛⡃⢘⣻⠛⠛⣿⠛⡛⠛⠻⣿⠘⠛⢿⠛⡛⢿⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⢿⠟⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⣿⣿⠃⣾⠛⠛⢿⡌⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠒⢀⣄⠀⢰⠀⠘⢀⣧⠘⢻⠀⠀⣾⢸⡇⢸⠀⣿⠘⠃⣸⡀⠀⣼⠀⣿⣿⠛⠁⢺⡄⠛⢀⡟⠋⠐⣿⠀⣿⣿⡄⢿⠛⠁⣿⠃⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣩⡍⢹⡿⠿⢿⡇⢸⡷⣾⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠏⠰⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⡿⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠻⠇⣠⡇⢸⠀⡇⢸⡇⣿⠀⡇⢸⡀⠭⢼⣿⡇⠻⢿⠀⠟⢸⠀⣿⠀⡇⢸⡇⠨⠤⡇⢸⡇⠨⠥⡇⢸⡇⢸⠘⠿⡇⠨⠥⣿⡟⠩⠀⣿⢸⡇⢸⠀⣿⠀⡄⠿⢀⡇⠸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⢴⣿⠭⠍⢫⠀⣽⠋⣭⣽⠭⠉⢻⠀⡇⢸⣏⣹⣿⡃⢸⣷⠘⡏⢩⡍⡟⠩⠍⡏⢩⡍⢻⠉⡏⢩⠉⢻⠩⠍⣝⠉⢭⣿⣯⠀⡽⢩⡍⢻⠉⣭⣿⠁⣾⡛⢻⠉⡏⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣤⣿⣬⣥⣼⣤⣽⣦⣭⣥⣬⣤⣼⣤⣧⣼⣧⣼⣿⣷⣬⣥⣼⡇⢨⣤⣧⣬⣭⣧⣼⣧⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⡼⢨⡝⢻⣭⣤⣿⣿⣤⣿⣬⣥⣼⣤⣿⣿⣧⣬⣥⣼⣤⣥⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⢿⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠰⠀⣿⢸⡇⢸⢀⣇⣸⠀⣿⢸⣅⡘⢿⠀⣿⣿⣷⠶⣨⡇⢼⡆⣻⡶⢂⣿⠀⢸⣿⡀⢾⣷⡂⢸⠁⣈⢹⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⢻⠟⣛⠻⣿⢛⣙⢿⣿⠟⢻⣿⡿⢡⣟⣛⠛⣟⡛⢻⡟⣛⠻⣷⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣁⣺⣄⣙⣁⣷⣘⣋⣸⣏⡀⢘⣿⣷⡘⣿⠋⣾⡿⠦⢸⣧⠍⣠⡿⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢙⠈⠉⡍⠙⢙⡏⡌⠈⠹⠉⠉⠉⠌⠙⠙⠉⠹⡏⡨⠉⠉⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠋⡿⢰⢉⠌⠉⠙⠉⠙⠈⡏⡌⠉⠁⠙⠉⠙⠉⢸⢃⡏⠩⠉⠩⠉⠉⠀⠛⠡⠉⠙⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢣⠈⠝⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣽⠟⢾⠿⢻⠿⠾⠧⠿⠾⢾⠻⠿⢿⠧⡿⠚⠷⠼⠷⢻⠟⠟⠿⠿⠿⢾⣾⣿⣿⣦⣷⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣧⣾⣯⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣮⣿⣯⣾⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣀⣌⣀⣐⣀⣇⣀⣂⣀⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣌⣀⣄⣀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠋⢹⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⠏⢹⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠀⠰⡧⠀⠀⢡⠀⡤⠁⣤⡤⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⢸⣀⣸⣿⠀⣶⡆⢰⠀⢠⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⢠⠀⡇⢸⠀⢠⠈⡁⠠⠀⡀⠀⢼⣿⡄⢠⠀⣠⠈⡇⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣴⣤⣤⣀⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣀⣤⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣴⣿⣤⣈⣠⣼⠀⢀⣤⣤⣀⣨⣤⣼⣤⣧⣼⣤⣼⣤⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣴⣿⣧⣼⣦⣀⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢛⡿⠿⠶⣶⣶⣿⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠁⠐⠒⢲⠉⡏⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⠉⣁⠀⣁⠀⠁⢠⡏⠉⠉⠅⠀⡉⠉⠉⣿⡏⠉⠉⠋⠈⡉⠹⠉⡁⢸⣿⡇⠀⡇⢉⠈⠁⠀⡉⠉⠉⢹⠉⣉⠉⡉⠙⠀⠈⢠⣞⠈⠉⢫⠀⣩⠉⠉⢁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣄⣈⡁⣸⡀⣁⡈⣄⣀⡐⣁⡀⣸⣀⣉⡀⢦⣀⣂⣀⣀⣢⣀⣁⡀⣀⣿⣇⡀⢀⢀⣀⣇⣠⣀⢁⢸⣿⣃⣀⣇⣸⢀⣰⢀⣁⣀⣀⣸⣀⣿⣀⣇⣀⠀⣠⣀⣁⡀⣀⡘⡀⣈⣀⣀⣈⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠻⠿⡛⠻⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢟⡿⠛⢻⠿⠟⠿⠟⠿⠻⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠻⣿⣿⡟⠛⠿⢿⠟⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣨⣤⣤⣄⣄⣠⣄⣬⣠⣤⣤⣤⣥⣬⣠⣠⣄⣿⣧⣦⣄⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣠⣤⣀⣌⣇⣠⣤⣠⣌⣤⣴⣤⣄⣄⣤⣥⣠⣀⣭⣤⣤⣤⣃⣿⣷⣿⣀⣤⣠⣀⣈⣠⣌⣤⣤⣄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡍⠛⡋⠛⢛⠛⠙⠙⠛⠙⢻⣻⠉⡙⠋⠛⡛⠋⢹⣿⠙⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣴⣶⣷⣦⣾⣶⣮⣶⣦⣶⣦⣿⣶⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣦⣶⣶⣦⣴⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠃⠉⡙⠙⡏⠙⡙⢹⢹⢉⠋⠙⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠙⠉⢈⠉⡻⠉⠈⠙⡙⢹⠁⣙⢠⠀⡁⣨⡟⠈⠘⠙⠇⡙⠉⡙⠙⠉⠏⠉⠋⠉⠋⢘⠉⠙⠉⡙⠉⠋⠉⠙⠉⢹⠀⢃⠋⣹⠙⠉⠉⠉⠏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣭⣾⣴⣷⣴⣦⣶⣴⣦⣾⣴⣶⣶⣴⣶⣦⣴⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣦⣮⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣧⣷⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣧⣼⣶⣶⣤⣯⣴⣷⣴⣦⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡛⡛⢿⠿⣿⡛⢛⠛⠟⠿⠟⢿⣟⠿⠿⡿⠟⠟⠛⠛⠟⠿⠿⠻⣿⢛⡻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠟⢿⠻⠿⠟⡿⢟⡿⠟⠛⣿⠛⠻⠛⠿⠿⠟⠟⠟⠻⣿⠟⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⠛⠻⠿⠿⡟⢛⢿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠻⠻⠿⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣇⣡⣤⣀⣿⣇⣴⣂⣌⣅⣤⣹⣇⣄⣼⣇⣠⣠⣄⣤⣀⣄⣀⢀⣕⣄⣀⣄⢀⣄⣀⣀⣀⣨⣀⣠⣄⣀⣽⣇⣣⣨⣷⣸⣠⣄⣄⣀⣧⣢⣠⣈⣿⣌⣀⣂⣠⣈⣰⣿⣴⣌⣄⣿⣧⣀⣘⣠⣠⣀⣀⣠⣁⣀⣈⣿⣿ ⣿⢛⠛⠻⠛⢙⠛⡟⠛⠛⠋⠉⡏⢛⠛⡛⠙⠋⠛⠟⢛⠋⠙⠛⢻⡍⠩⢹⠛⠛⠛⢙⠙⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⢙⠋⠏⡛⡛⡍⠉⠉⢹⠉⢛⡋⠛⠛⡛⠻⠉⡝⠛⢙⣟⠹⠛⠛⠋⠉⠙⠛⢛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣠⣤⣴⣴⣶⣦⣧⣴⣾⣶⣦⣦⣤⣴⣤⣶⣶⣶⣦⣬⣷⣦⣤⣿⣶⣾⣾⣶⣦⣷⣤⣴⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣴⣶⣴⣧⣶⣤⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣦⣥⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣴⣼⣧⣶⣤⣤⣶⣴⣶⣴⣾⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⠻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣟⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡟⠿⢿⡻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣐⣀⣃⣀⣀⣀⣂⣘⣀⣀⣺⣇⣀⣆⣐⣸⣇⣀⣆⣐⣀⣀⣰⣀⣄⣀⣀⣺⡇⣂⣀⣀⣀⣐⣀⣂⣰⣀⣸⣧⣀⣀⣀⣸⣇⣀⣀⣀⣺⣇⣀⣂⣺⣇⣀⣀⣂⣰⣀⣂⣆⣀⢹⣇⣀⣰⣀⣀⣿⣐⣀⣀⣀⣄⣀⣿⣿ ⣽⠋⠛⠙⢻⠟⠋⠙⣻⠛⠛⠻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠙⠋⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠏⠟⠋⠋⠛⠛⠙⠹⠛⠛⠛⠙⡟⠫⠟⢿⠟⠛⠙⠙⠟⠛⢻⠛⠟⠏⠟⢿⡟⠙⠛⠙⡟⠛⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠟⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠙⠛⠏⠛⠟⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣼⣴⣤⣥⣦⣀⣤⣤⡥⣀⣠⣦⣄⣥⣴⣤⣬⣥⣤⣼⣬⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣴⣤⣬⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣿⣬⣬⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣦⣬⣼⣼⣼⣤⣬⣤⣼⣿⣿ ⣯⠨⢈⠋⠉⢉⡉⠙⠙⠹⢹⢉⠋⡙⠉⢉⢨⠉⢋⢻⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⡙⠉⡙⠉⠉⣽⠉⠉⢉⠋⠙⠉⠉⠉⢋⡋⣡⡉⡏⠉⠉⡋⠉⢉⠃⠉⠋⠁⢉⠋⠩⡅⠉⠙⡃⠙⠉⣟⠉⠋⠉⡁⢹⠉⠋⣨⢉⢈⠉⣙⣿⣿ ⣿⠖⠾⡲⠶⣾⡧⡆⢶⣴⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣤⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣦⣼⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣧⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣴⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⢠⡄⡘⠀⡀⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1295 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/irc-log-310821/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/irc-log-310821/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_August_31,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:26 am by Needs Sunlight 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmZtBNGnCLLSj7CUoyYjVDH1oHj116g66mxMeWTVnXHeD1 #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmdroLUg95fuPkn2sQ5SRQkSJiMAhHG6vfN7mJX8hJXBMn (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  Qmf2YNwfaPhGp8iQd3hyPR6LoyM2QEubFQhRwotLxzUt5y social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmP2djSTkQqAfibVoUXPmBzXNveg2NioDRc6gNy4RKnUvN social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYodNhec1airrFhSa84reZQwyb1ENvBu3Q1361HEyt5ax #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmUYiwdFRjvig6Z4RxhwS6hLLewXD5Z9k5Mwvd4iw2uykt (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmXQjM1AnJYxkhJo85rGCw3TyAGtuJw6BdHhnMXRraLwp5 #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmXebbo1XWbzZPjU1yKJ4aL4YxBeZwj38sKB1TMBRH6qYC (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmPXDc7XRSN2iYifnk9Qy37k49nZ1PVFnUcWSu4ZYabWm9 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1412 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-coc-for-obligatory-spying/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-coc-for-obligatory-spying/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ A_Tale_of_Two_COVID-19_Approaches:_KDE_(Community)_Versus_Linux_Foundation_ (Large_Corporations)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, KDE, Kernel at 5:20 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz This is what “Linux” stands for now?! 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Carry_a_tracking_device_(Phone)_which_is_proprietary software._Not_how_it_was_originally_marketed.⦈_ There are contrasting approaches. Just published (KDE): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇CallforHosts_2022⦈_ From: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇CallforHosts_2022⦈_ Summary: Since when does a “Code of Conduct” mean you need to be spied_on_all the_time (this is not how it was originally marketed)? The KDE brochure was published_about_an_hour_ago, whereas the Linux_Foundation started using this language in late August (in press releases and official Web pages). The so-called ‘Linux’ Foundation means surveillance. From last night (openwashing mass espionage firms that ought not even exist, simply because Facebook paid to buy more seats inside the Board): * ⚓ Facebook_contributes_Ent_project_to_the_Linux_Foundation_| VentureBeat⠀⇛ * ⚓ Ent_Joins_the_Linux_Foundation⠀⇛ Also related to the so-called ‘Linux’ Foundation: * Conveniently_Conflating_Vaccination_With_the_Surveillance_Business_of IBM/Linux_Foundation * Linux_Foundation_is_a_Foundation_of_Mass_Surveillance * Linux_Foundation_Outsources_Events_and_‘LF_Live’_to_Proprietary_Software With_Back_Doors_and_Surveillance_(Zoom) * [Meme]_Linux_Foundation_and_Microsoft/NSA_Do_Surveillance_Together * Linux_Foundation_Still_Owned_and_Controlled_Largely_—_and_More_Over_Time —_by_Surveillance_Companies_(Openwashing_Services_for_Bad_Practices_and Bad_Actors) * The_Linux_Foundation_is_Deep_in_the_‘Surveillance_Capitalism’_Industry Now * Linux_Foundation_and_the_Big_Surveillance_Industry,_Media_Industry, Microsoft_Azure 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣩⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣦⢰⡆⡖⣰⣰⡔⣴⣰⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣵⣷⣤⣦⣯⣤⣮⣾⣯⣼⣾⣬⣾⣤⣧⣤⣤⣾⣿⣧⣦⣤⣤⣵⣿⣾⣦⣮⢄⢐⡃⡀⣃⢂⡩⣨⠥⡥⣼⠼⠵⠭⠯⠣⠿⠿⡿⣿⣥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣼⣥⣶⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣯⣯⣴⣧⣧⣮⣦⣦⣼⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣛⠻⡹⣿⠿⡛⣹⣿⣋⣹⣟⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠸⠸⠀⠿⠿⠸⠧⡳⠸⡸⡗⣽⢸⡅⣇⢿⣜⣾⢸⠈⡎⣛⣻⢻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢯⣯⣏⢏⣍⢭⡩⡥⢥⢤⢤⢴⢶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⣬⣿⣽⣃⣛⣑⣓⣘⣘⣘⣘⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣼⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣟⣟⣝⣿⣿⣿⣟⣹⣽⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣿⣿⣯⣫⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢹⡏⣿⣍⡿⣿⢹⡏⣿⡝⣽⢯⡍⣿⢹⣿⡏⣿⢩⡿⡍⣿⣹⣿⡍⣿⢯⡍⣽⢾⡍⣿⢯⣭⣿⣭⢩⣯⢹⡿⠹⣿⠯⢹⣿⠉⣿⢯⡝⣏⣿⢹⢫⡿⣍⢫⣿⣍⢹⡿⠽⣿⠿⣿⢹⡏⣿⢩⣿⡟⢹⡿⡍⣽⡿⣹⣿ ⣿⡾⣧⡿⣿⡇⣿⢿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢈⡁⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⢘⡳⣆⣿⣿⡿⡃⣿⢺⡅⣿⢸⡇⣿⠾⢻⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⡗⠀⣿⠀⣿⣸⡆⣿⢺⣵⢻⡏⣿⢜⡳⣦⢸⣿⣿⢸⡗⡁⣿⠀⣿⣿⣧⣿⢸⣏⣧⢸⡿⡇⣿⡗⣹⣿ ⣿⣧⣛⣣⣛⣣⣛⣘⣃⣛⣣⣛⣚⣅⣛⣘⣻⣇⣛⣜⣓⣫⣿⣛⣻⣧⣛⣘⣃⣛⣚⣁⣛⣀⣘⣛⣛⣘⣛⣘⣛⣀⣛⣀⣛⣙⣃⣛⣘⣻⣜⣣⣿⣜⣓⣫⣜⣛⣫⣘⣻⣧⣛⣼⣛⣃⣙⣋⣘⣋⣛⣘⣃⣃⣛⣛⣸⣿ ⣯⠛⠝⡟⠛⡛⠋⠛⢛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠋⠙⢛⢛⠛⠛⢻⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡏⢙⠟⠛⣟⢻⠉⡛⠛⢻⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠹⣯⠙⢻⠛⠛⠋⠛⢻⠉⡟⠛⠛⠛⠉⠛⡋⠛⠙⠙⢻⠙⠛⣻⢛⠟⠛⡻⡛⢛⠛⣻⣿ ⣟⠋⠛⢳⢟⠛⡻⡟⠻⢛⠟⠟⢛⡟⡟⣛⠻⡻⠉⠟⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⡟⡟⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡻⡻⠿⠟⡟⡿⢿⠿⠿⡻⢟⡿⡻⢟⠿⠿⠻⠿⢻⠿⠿⠻⠻⢿⠿⠿⠟⡿⢟⢿⠿⠿⠻⡿⠿⠟⠻⡟⡛⡛⠛⠛⠻⠟⡟⠻⡿⠟⣟⠟⢿⠛⠿⠟⠿⡟⢻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠾⠤⠶⠾⣾⠾⠾⠷⠲⠾⠖⠾⠶⣾⠾⠶⠿⠶⠷⡷⠶⢶⠶⠺⠶⠺⠶⠶⠾⠖⠶⢶⠓⠷⠾⠶⢶⠆⠿⢶⠶⡶⠷⠾⠶⠾⠶⠾⠿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣶⣶⡴⡶⣾⡷⣶⣾⢷⠶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⡶⣾⡶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⡾⣾⣶⣾⡾⣶⢷⢶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣾⣴⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣦⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣀⣧⣴⣦⣤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣴⣧⣦⣥⢤⣦⣤⣧⣤⣤⣧⣥⣤⣤⣄⣸⣠⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣦⣤⣴⣥⣤⣢⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣧⣹⣀⣱⠀⣀⣇⣈⣲⣊⣀⣁⣇⣕⣕⣥⣈⣇⣀⣈⣸⣑⣈⣈⣇⣑⣵⣌⣈⣀⣆⣈⣈⡈⣴⣆⣸⣐⣀⣀⡇⣈⣀⡀⣀⣁⣇⣀⣇⣰⣕⣱⣈⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠂⠤⠀⣀⠀⠐⣒⡲⠶⠦⠤⣼⡭⠅⠀⠀⠉⡄⢸⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢤⡄⠄⠀⠐⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣽⣯⣿⣷⣿⣾⡆⣦⢠⢄⡀⠐⠀⠰ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠋⡁⠤⠒⠈⠁⠒⠠⠄⡀⠀⠈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡃⠀⠀⠛⡀⢘⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⢠⡄⠄⠀⠐⠉⠀⣿⠉⠉⢈⠓⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⢟⡓⠂⠀⠀⠐⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⠔⠈⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠢⢀⠈⠁⣉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠒⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡁⠠⠄⠄⠀⠐⠈⠀⣿⠀⠀⠈⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢨⡀⢀⢠⡀⢨⠀⢸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⣿⠀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣯⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠼⠧⠿⠾⠗⠺⠇⠸ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠰⠆⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣂⠂⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠃⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡓⠭⠀⢘⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⠀⠁⠂⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠰⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠺⢥⣭⡛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢎⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠀⠉⠉⠁⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠳⢽⡫⢧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠐⠀⠒⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣠⡔⠒⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠛⠶⢮⣍⡒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⢀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠈⠀⣹⣧⣤⣼⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠒⠳⠦⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠀⠹⠋⠁⠙⠏⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣉⣉⡛⣛⣛⠋⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣭⡍⠠⠭⠂⠀⢀⠀⡰⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠄⢀⡛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠘⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣚⠛⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡬⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢗⣙⡹⣌⠁⣴⠂⢸⢊⡀⢠⠍⡔⣌⠲⡰⢢⠆⢒⢰⠒⡲⢆⢱⠰⠆⠐⡉⡪⠀⠊⡁⠀⠄⣈⣠⠄⠚⠨⠅⢐⡉⡴⠐⠚⠢⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢰⠀⡄⢄⢂⣄⣤⢄⣄⢀⢠⠄⡀⠠⢀⠄⡠⢀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⠒⢤⢀⢀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⣀⠀⢀⡀⣄⢀⡀⠠⠀⡀⢐⠀⠤⡠⠀⡠⣀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠁⠉⠈⠁⠈⡎⠡⠃⠀⠃⠁⠀⠈⠂⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠙⠠⠉⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠁⠉⠈⠀⠐⠀⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1957 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-surveillance/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/lf-surveillance/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_Linux_Foundation_is_Exploiting_COVID-19_to_Take_Away_Human_Rights_and Profit_Even_More_From_Surveillance⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Kernel at 12:06 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum df1eab041019ea0ef07ceb44622b728b http://techrights.org/videos/linux-tracking.webm Summary: The ‘mission creep’ at the so-called ‘Linux’ Foundation is a threat_to privacy and as long as it sells_Board_seats_to_companies_like_Microsoft we need to highlight some of the lesser-explored scandals (in controversial areas nobody wishes to touch) TODAY we go through a rather difficult subject and we focus upfront on the fact that this isn't_about_vaccination. We go through the Linux_Foundation‘s Web site and mention similar press releases, focusing on the actual_scandal (not what a certain Lunduke says). To make it harder to take things out of context we’ll refrain from any further comment in text and instead cite this_morning's post and Richard_Stallman's_stance; it is related to the war_on_cash and it is a reminder that laws and regulations can be passed for one stated reason while serving some other purpose. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2000 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/network-of-brothers-epo/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/network-of-brothers-epo/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_A_Network_of_Brothers⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:48 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Suitable_candidates_to_run_EPO;_António_Campinos⦈_ Summary: Why the EPO ended up with people like Benoît_Battistelli and António Campinos, who lack an understanding of the patent system, in charge of Europe’s largest patent office (wrongly assuming that patents are like a manufacturing pipeline and immunity exists to shield them while they pillage_and_plunder_an institution) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿ ⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⡟⠙⣿⣿⠿⠋⣭⡙⠿⠛⢿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣟⠙⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠈⢉⣠⣤⣤⣭⣁⡀⣩⡕⡫⣸⣿⣿⡔⡀⠈⠻⠉⠀⠀⠙⠏⠁⠀⠈⠋⠁⠀⠉⠛⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠿⣧⣾⡇⢉⢻⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣍⣛⠻⠿⢿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣋⣩⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⢸⠿⣿⠇⢸⣧⢻⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢝⠛⠻⠶⢾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣟⠛⠻⢾⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣏⠂⠘⠻⠀⠈⣶⡄⠻⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⢘⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡵⣿⣿⣧⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣆⠙⢿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡛⠛⣾⠿⢿⣿⣿⠇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢷⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣷⣄⣈⣛⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⢢⡀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⡶⣧⣌⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠾⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣯⣭⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡭⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡇⣾⠿⡈⡬⣻⣯⣴⣟⡛⠛⠛⠒⠒⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣀⣴⣿⣿⣛⣫⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⠻⣷⢇⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣋⣉⣩⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣷⣷⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣾⢇⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠻⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣫⢕⣫⣶⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⡟⣯⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣠⣶⣯⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢛⣺⣯⠭⠭⢿⠭⢭⣓⣬⣶⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⠀⣴⣯⣝⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣝⠿⠃⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢬⢭⡿⠿⢾⢿⣿⠯⣿⣛⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⠛⡿⠋⠀⠻⡿⠿⠀⠻⠿⠟⠀⠻⣿⡿⠏⠹⢿⡿⠃⠨⢿⡿⠏⠘⠿⣿⠿⠃⠸⢿⠟⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⣴⢃⣿⣷⣿⣦⠚⠏⢒⡮⠍⣟⣿⠛⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡟⠃⠿⣿⣿⣇⣤⡄⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣈⡀⢀⣄⡀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢈⠀⣙⡙⡃⠀⣀⠀⢩⣽⠀⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⠃⣿⣿⣷⠰⡧⢺⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢿⣿⢹⣿⠀⢻⡷⠾⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⢑⡊⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⡟⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⡿⠀⢰⢻⣿⠀⠀⢁⠙⢟⡽⠁⠀⠀⠙⢶⡟⠀⢸⠁⠀⢹⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⡖⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣶⡿⢿⣳⣿⡾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣆⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⡀⣠⣴⡇⠀⠀⠃⠀⢸⡏⠀⢸⠃⣦⡄⠈⡿⠀⠀⠀⠂⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠈⡁⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠾⢿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣽⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣶⠀⢠⠀⠻⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠈⢿⠧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣶⣤⠂⢠⣿⣶⣶⣶⡷⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢱⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⠂⠀⠁⠄⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣷⣆⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡏⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣰⣿⣿⡿⣦⠀⢀⣜⣛⡋⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣷⡀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣇⡰⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⣿⣿⠏⢀⣼⡿⣿⡿⣱⣿⢣⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣹⣡⡸⠟⣼⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⠟⢁⣴⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⣿⢫⣾⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⡀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⠛⠛⠛⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣸⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢀⢩⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠙⠿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠤⠤⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣆⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣒⣂⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠽⣿⣿⠏⠀⠈⢿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠉⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢀⡀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⡟⠁⠀⠀⠉⢻⠋⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠟ ⠀⠐⡛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⡦⢴⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣆⢯⢄⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢃⣿⣼⣼⡗⡇⠀⠀⣠⡀⣉⢀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⡇⡇⠀⠀⡏⣷⣛⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡖⢶⡆⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⢰⢷⡰⡆⣼⢧⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⣭⡭⣭⠍⠀⠀⢸⢸⣧⣽⣿⣬⠀⠀⢠⣆⢩⠄⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣤⣥⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⢸⠀⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠁⢿⠀⠀⠀⠸⠸⠿⣿⠿⠟⠀⠀⢸⣿⣞⣼⡿⡇⠀⠀⣀⠀⡘⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⢈⣀⢈⣄⣀⡀⠀⠀⢿⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡧⡇⠀⠀⡏⣧⠻⣼⡏⠆⠀⠀⠀⢀⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠘⠀⡘⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡶⢶⡆⠂⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⣿⣷⡇⠀⢀⣶⡔⡴⣸⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠁⣿⣟⣻⡛⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣵⣿⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢱⣖⠦⢲⢰⡆⣶⠐⣶⠂⣶⣦⢰⡖⣦⢰⡆⣶⡒⢸⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢸⠁⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠇⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠀⠀⢠⣄⢠⡁⣰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⢣⣝⣷⢸⣸⡇⣿⠀⣿⢀⡯⣿⢸⣏⣷⢸⣇⢻⣉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠛⣿⠈⠀⠀⢸⢸⣎⣳⣿⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡷⢉⡱⠶⣉⠶⣭⢶⡭⣚⠵⢮⡨⣍⡱⠮⢍⡨⢍⣚⡻⣛⡻⢟⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠸⠀⠸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⣰⣆⢢⢆⣾⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢀⣐⡄ ⣿⢸⡏⠿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣼⡇⣿⣿⢸⡇⣿⢹⡇⣿⣿⠈⣿⠁⣿⡁⢿⣝⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⡆⠀⠀⡇⠀⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⢯⣏⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣮⣾⡟⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠗⢠⡗⢽⡞ ⣿⡘⢧⠿⠸⠟⠧⠿⠻⠇⠿⠿⠸⠇⠿⠼⠇⠿⠻⠀⠿⠀⠿⠄⠶⡽⢢⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣄⣁⣄⣠⣤⣤⠀⠀⢸⡏⠘⡏⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⡇⠇⠀⠰⣤⣤⡸⣯⣼⣷⡾⠇ ⣿⣿⣷⡾⣛⣛⡛⣫⣛⢿⢛⣛⡛⣛⢛⡛⣛⢛⠻⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣬⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠘⡇⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⢻⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣴⣯⣭⠁⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⢸⡷⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⣾⠀⢸⡧⢸⣧⠿⣾⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠃⢀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠃⠸⢃⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢟⣈⡳⢟⣼⡸⣇⢇⡛⠾⣃⢏⡻⣠⣸⠷⢚⢇⣶⣘⠾⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢿⠀⣷⣿⠈⣿⢱⡏⣷⢸⣇⡇⣿⢰⡏⣷⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢺⡇⡏⣿⠀⣿⠘⣧⡿⢸⠹⡇⣿⠸⣧⡟⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣛⡒⢓⣒⢚⣒⢛⣒⣛⣒⢚⡃⣀⢀⡀⣀⣀⢀⣃⡀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⡃⣼⢻⢸⣿⣼⣿⢸⠼⢿⡇⣿⣾⡇⡇⣿⠘⢧⡅⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣘⠷⣃⣛⣙⣛⣃⣃⣛⣙⣰⣜⣃⣛⣙⣃⡳⢟⣘⠷⣃⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2086 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/01/rigged-epo/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/01/rigged-epo/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_When_Everything_is_Basically_Rigged…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 4:40 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Posted in IP Kat a few days ago: “I completely agree with you. It is a disaster how the EPO is doing things these past years…” 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇What_do_you_mean_you_lost_the_case?_Go_find_it!⦈_ Summary: With totally rigged appointments and even rigged courts it’s hardly surprising that the EPO has been going down the drain ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣛⣛⣛⢿⡟⣿⡟⣥⡤⣠⣤⣤⡄⢰⣶⢰⣶⠀⠀⣶⣶⡆⣾⣿⠈⣿⡿⠇⢸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣷⣸⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣭⣍⢹⣶⡉⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⡇⢸⣿⣿⣀⡿⣿⡟⣣⣿⢻⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⡿⣿⡞⣿⡸⣷⣿⠇⣿⣧⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⡿⣿⡆⣿⡷⠆⣾⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⡇⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⢻⣿⠀⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⡇⠀⢹⣷⢿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⣤⣿⡟⢻⣿⢹⡇⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣇⣿⣿⣾⣿⢿⣿⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣾⡿⣃⠿⣷⠿⣣⣿⣿⣸⠿⠀⠘⠻⠟⠋⠀⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠁⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣛⣛⣀⣛⣛⣠⣋⣉⣉⣭⣭⣽⣾⣽⣿⣶⡶⠿⢿⣷⠶⣾⡿⠿⣿⣛⣛⣿⡟⣛⣛⣋⣤⣤⡄⣤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⣴⡶⣶⡄⢰⣶⣶⡀⣶⡟⣿⡆⢸⣿⠛⢰⣿⢹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⢋⣭⢍⣵⣶⣦⡁⣶⡆⣶⡎⣿⢿⣿⡟⣧⣾⡟⣿⡆⣿⡟⠿⢇⡛⣿⡟⣿⣧⡍⣿⡏⠁⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣤⠀⠀⣿⡇⠿⠇⢸⣿⣿⡇⠹⢿⣶⣄⢸⣿⠶⠀⣶⣼⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⡿⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⡿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠝⠿⣷⣟⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⣿⡏⣿⡇⢹⣿⢉⠠⠀⣿⡇⣾⡷⣼⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⣸⣿⢸⣿⣤⡄⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⣿⡇⡿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⡅⣿⣧⣿⣇⢻⣧⣿⡿⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⣇⠿⠧⠀⠿⠇⠿⠗⠘⠛⠛⢂⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⠋⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠉⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣃⣷⣝⣛⣛⣵⣮⣿⣻⣵⣿⣷⣭⣭⣵⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⡆⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⣾⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠀⠀⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⡝⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⢀⡍⠙⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣟⣋⠉⠛⢿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠻⢷⣬⣻⡟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣧⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠠⠀⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡟⠀⡴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡧⠀⠀⣴⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠿⠿⠷⠦⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣿⣟⣛⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢇⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢀⣿⣯⡄⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣶⣂⣠⣼⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⢻⣿⣷⣹⢯⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⡝⣿⣿⣿⣩⣭⣭⣿⣛⢛⣛⣻⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⡇⡸⠿⠿⠇⣼⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠀⣴⣶⡆⢠⣶⣤⣤⣭⣝⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠿⠿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠶⠾⣶ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣧⣶⣶⣶⠁⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣯⣈⡀⣸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⠟⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢡⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⢰⣭⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣗⡀⠹ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⢸⣿⣿⠁⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡏⢸⣿⣿⢷⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⡿⠿⠁⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣰⣮⣿⣿⣿⢩⡇⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⢀⣉⣁⣤⣤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣶⢿⣿⡇⣇⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⡿⣸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢧⣧⡀⣿⣿⡏⢠⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡺⠛⣿⣿⡟⣉⣩⣭⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣿⣾⣽⣛⣛⣫⣵⠿⢯⣍⡼⠿⢿⢸⣟⢸⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⡘⣿⣿⡿⡇⣿⣿⣏⣸⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡇⢛⣃⣿⣿⡇⣶⡆⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠶⣶⣷⣬⣭⣍⡱⣿⣛⣣⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢟⣠⣤⣴⢸⣿⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⣿⣇⣿⣧⣽⣛⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠈⠉⠉⠉⢉⣀⣈⣭⣵⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣯⣭⣿⣿⣼⣟⣛⣽⣿⣸⠿⠿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠋⠉⠈⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⠖⠙⢿⠿⠿⠛⣛⣋⣭⣥⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠀⠉⣁⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2161 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_1/9/2021:_More_Linux-Powered_Handheld_Consoles⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:25 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ What_are_container_runtimes?⠀⇛ In my examination of container images, I discussed container fundamentals, but now it’s time to delve deeper into container runtimes so you can understand how container environments are built. The information in this article is in part extracted from the official documentation of the Open Container Initiative (OCI), the open standard for containers, so this information is relevant regardless of your container engine. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ mintcast_368.5_–_Pi_and_Coffee⠀⇛ 1:59 Linux Innards 48:03 Vibrations from the Ether 55:26 Check This Out 59:19 Announcements & Outro In our Innards section, Pi’s Pi’s and more Pi’s And finally, the feedback and a couple of suggestions o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ 20_essential_Linux_commands_for_every_user [Ed: Those are mostly GNU programs and they have nothing to do with Linux; they don't even need Linux]⠀⇛ You’re stranded on a desert island. What’s the one command you take with you? Typing commands into a darkened terminal window may seem antiquated to some, but for many computer users, it’s the most efficient, most accessible, and clearest way to accomplish nearly any task a computer is capable of performing. These days, thanks to all the projects that bring open source commands to non-open platforms like macOS and Windows, terminal commands are relevant to everybody, not just Linux and BSD users. It may surprise you to learn that there are thousands of commands installed on an average POSIX computer, but of course, a good many of those aren’t really intended to be used, at least not directly or regularly. Some commands are more universally useful than others, and still fewer are absolutely essential for effective terminal use. # ⚓ AMD_Radeon_RDNA_2_Refresh_Possibly_Confirmed_Via_Linux Kernel_Driver_Update_|_HotHardware⠀⇛ A recent Linux patch from AMD hints that the company might be gearing up to refresh its second generation Radeon DNA (RDNA 2) graphics card lineup, similar to how NVIDIA has a history of adding “Ti” and “Super” variants of its GPU product lines. Nothing is official at the moment, but if a refresh does occur, would expect to see a bump in performance and power efficiency. # ⚓ BPF_Timers_To_Intel_Additions_Lead_The_Networking_Changes With_Linux_5.15_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The networking subsystem updates for the recently opened Linux 5.15 merge window have landed. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Recover_root_Password_on_CentOS/RHEL_8 ⠀⇛ If the existing root password is no longer memorize or is forgotten, you can reset the forgotten root password on boot by switching into single user mode. This guide describes how to recover or reset a forgotten root password on RHEL 8 and CentOS 8 Linux using single user mode. # ⚓ How_To_Set_Up_SSH_Keys_in_Linux_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ SSH or Secure Shell is a protocol utilized to enable communication between two computers and share data. It provides a password-enabled or password-less (disabled) authentication and encrypts communication between two hosts. When working with CentOS servers most of the time is spent in the terminal linked to your server via SSH. In this guide, we’ll be focusing on setting up SSH keys-based authentication for a CentOS 8 server. SSH keys offer a straightforward, steady technique of communicating with remote servers and are encouraged for all users. # ⚓ How_to_Install_PgAdmin_on_Rocky_Linux_and_AlmaLinux⠀⇛ PgAdmin 4 is an open-source, powerful, and front- end PostgreSQL database administration tool. PgAdmin 4 allows administrators to seamlessly manage PostgreSQL databases from a web browser and run SQL queries among other database tasks. It’s written in Python and Javascript/JQuery and is an improvement of its predecessor PgAdmin. # ⚓ How_To_Install_elementary_OS_6_with_Dualboot,_UEFI_and External_Disk_Instructions⠀⇛ This tutorial explains the steps to install elementary OS 6 to your computer. This offers you several modes you might want to choose, including dualbooting with Windows, dealing with either UEFI or BIOS Legacy, and even installing it to a blank USB flash disk drive. For your information, in this version we meet the brand new installer and is divided into two stages will be explained below. Time to install! # ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Configure_Fail2ban_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ Fail2ban is an intrusion prevention software framework that protects computer servers from primarily brute-force attacks, banning bad user agents, banning URL scanners, and much more. Fail2ban achieves this by reading access/error logs of your server or web applications. Fail2ban is coded in the python programming language. The following tutorial will teach you how to install Fail2ban and do some configurations with full examples and basic tips to get you started on Debian 11 Bullseye. # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Thunderbird_in_Linux⠀⇛ Mozilla Foundation’s dedication and effort in developing the Thunderbird mail client application software paid off in a big way. Other than being a renowned mail client, Thunderbird also functions perfectly as news and chat client on top of being an effective RSS feeder. However, most Linux users associate with it as a free email application because of its customizable and easy-to-setup footprints. # ⚓ How_to_Install_SonarQube_with_Let’s_Encrypt_on_Ubuntu 20.04⠀⇛ It’s every developer’s dream to have clean and issue-free code which can readily be deployed into staging and production environments. One tool that can help you achieve this is in your CI/CD pipeline is SonarQube. SonarQube is a cross-platform and web-based tool used for continuous inspection of source code. It is written in Java. SonarQube enables you to write cleaner and safer code by inspecting code and detecting bugs and other inconsistencies. SonarQube can be integrated into platforms such as GitHub, Gitlab, BitBucket, and Azure DevOps to mention a few platforms. It comes in various editions including Community, Developer, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions. # ⚓ How_to_Redirect_using_Htaccess_–_Common_Rules_for_301,_302, HTTPS⠀⇛ How to configure redirection using .htaccess file. Htaccess is file which is used to make changes to your web server configuration without editing the server configuration file. This .htaccess file will be placed in your website root directory. In this guide you are going to learn to how to configure some list of redirections which is mostly needed for your SEO and ranking in search engines. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ AYN_Odin_–_A_Dockable_portable_game_console_offered_with Snapdragon_845_or_Dimensity_900_(Crowdfunding)⠀⇛ AYN Odin is a 6-inch portable game console powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 or MediaTek Dimensity 900 processor and offered with an optional dock with an HDMI port to connect it to a large screen, various ports for controllers, and even a 2.5-inch SATA bay. It offers a much more powerful experience, a larger display, a more recent Android 10/11 OS, and better multiplayer abilities than the Amlogic S905D3 powered Powkiddy A20 portable game console we have just covered. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Fair_Internet_bandwidth_management_on_a_network_using OpenBSD⠀⇛ I will use the queuing features from the OpenBSD firewall PF (Packet Filter) which relies on the CoDel network scheduler algorithm, which seems to bring all the features we need to do what we want. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)_and_machine_learning jobs:_4_hot_skills⠀⇛ Artificial Intelligence (AI) ranks as one of the fastest-growing professions, with practitioners highly sought after in 2021, according to LinkedIn. In addition to having proficiency in C++, Python, or Java and an aptitude for math, the strongest AI/ML professionals and teams are well-rounded in their general business knowledge and ability to communicate. Organization-wide adoption of AI/ML technologies is the next phase of digital transformation, so a powerful team of programmers, developers, and data scientists is critical to improving AI literacy from the top down. It is important for technology leaders to communicate that AI/ML is meant to enhance the organization’s teams, not replace jobs. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Paul_Wise:_FLOSS_Activities_August_2021⠀⇛ This month I didn’t have any particular focus. I just worked on issues in my info bubble. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Server_vs_Desktop:_What’s_the_Difference?⠀⇛ When you click on the download button on the Ubuntu website, it gives you a few options. Two of them are Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Server. This could confuse new users. Why are there two (actually 4 of them)? Which one should be downloaded? Ubuntu desktop or server? Are they the same? What is the difference? o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Powkiddy_A20_–_An_Amlogic_S905D3_powered_portable_Android game_console⠀⇛ Powkiddy A20 is a 3.5-inch portable Android game console based on the same Amlogic S905D3 processor found in Khadas VIM3L SBC, equipped with 2GB RAM, 8GB storage, and supported 18 different emulators for gaming. It could potentially also be an interesting platform to play with AOSP, as we’ll see below. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Control_your_Raspberry_Pi_remotely_with_your smartphone⠀⇛ Wouldn’t it be nice to control the general- purpose input/outputs (GPIOs) of the Raspberry Pi remotely with your smartphone? If you can answer the question in the affirmative, I would like to introduce you to a simple way to implement this. Writing this article, I have no specific application in mind, but I can think of combining it with lawn irrigation, any illumination, or a garage door opener. Anyway, all you need to get started is a Raspberry Pi and a smartphone. The actual logic is already available on GitHub, so even without programming skills, you will be able to follow the steps described in this article. # ⚓ Meet_Anna_Ploszajski:_Where_making_and_materials meet⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Web_Browsers_for_Ubuntu_and_Other_Linux Distributions⠀⇛ There is no such thing as the perfect web browser. It all depends on what you prefer and what you use it for. But, what are your best options when it comes to web browsers for Linux? In this article, I try to highlight the best web browsers that you can pick for Ubuntu and other Linux. # § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_Create_eLearning_Platform_with_Moodle_and ONLYOFFICE⠀⇛ Moodle is an open-source e-learning platform with a focus on security and privacy that allows educators to create flexible and highly accessible online spaces for their learners. As a widely recognized educational software, Moodle is trusted by hundreds of millions of users worldwide. The solution is totally open-source and is supported, besides its global community, by a network of certified service providers. Moodle offers a wide range of educational activities and tools that allow schools and universities to create their own personalized learning environments that can be accessed any time and anywhere, even from mobile devices. Distributed under the GPL license, the self- hosted version of Moodle is free. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ An_Analysis_of_Feed_URLs⠀⇛ Anyhow, these thoughts have been swirling in my head. Then one day I came across web-dev-feeds by simeviads, a collection of 1,000 feeds for web developers. My first reaction was: “I gotta parse and analyze all those feeds! Surely that will surface common patterns for feed URLs!” So that’s what I did. Below are my findings. Note: what follows likely isn’t 100% precise, but is meant as a rough analysis. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Stadio_Olimpico:_Can_Sports_Heal_the_World?⠀⇛ The guest team is a Moroccan football powerhouse and an African champion par excellence. AS Roma, though it had a tough season last year, seemed ready to reclaim its past glory, especially with Jose Mourinho now leading the squad. The match was Roma’s final ‘friendly’ before embarking on the difficult task of reclaiming their strong standing in Serie A. Relegated from both the UEFA Champions League and Europa League, Roma is forced to play in the less prestigious Conference League. Neither the team nor the fans, however, seemed shaken by the setback. On the contrary, the team’s Ultrà were, once again, back in the stadium, in their fixed spot in the Curva Sud, with their massive flags and melodious chant, “Roma, Roma, Roma …” o ⚓ On_September_1,_1971,_the_Pittsburgh_Pirates_Made_Baseball History⠀⇛ I have been struck by how little attention in sports and historical circles has been given to the 50th anniversary of the Pittsburgh Pirates’ deploying the first all-Black (African American and Latino) team in the history of Major League Baseball. o ⚓ The_Rhetoric_of_Pop_Psychology⠀⇛ A couple of years ago, just one simple quiz could determine how racist you are. Such was the sudden ubiquity of the implicit association test, or IAT, a diagnostic tool purporting to measure one’s unconscious biases. While it can be calibrated to gauge any number of hidden prejudices, the IAT has most commonly been used to determine lurking racial attitudes. And during Barack Obama’s second term, the IAT, which was developed in 1995, found a new life online. NPR calmly instructed its liberal readers what to do if they flunked it; The Washington Post wrote up what an aggregate of test results allegedly told us about America; even Hillary Clinton brought up the concept of implicit bias, in her 2016 debates with Donald Trump. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Vaccine_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_“Freedom”_Does_Not_Mean_Putting_Our_Children_at Risk_During_a_Pandemic⠀⇛ # ⚓ DeSantis_Accused_of_‘Statistical_Sleight_of_Hand’_to Conceal_Surge_in_Covid_Deaths⠀⇛ Earlier this month, Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis’ Department of Health deliberately altered how it reported Covid-19 deaths, making it appear as though the public health crisis was waning even as the state’s residents endured the most significant escalation in infections since the pandemic began, according to a report published Tuesday by the Miami Herald.  New data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that much of the United States is in the midst of a deadly coronavirus surge driven by the ultra-contagious Delta variant. # ⚓ Greens_Urge_Covid_Caution_Ahead_of_Return_to_School⠀⇛ Vix Lowthion, Green Party education spokesperson and a secondary school teacher on the Isle of Wight, said: # ⚓ A_Message_to_the_EU:_Address_the_Spiralling_Public_Health Crisis_by_Banning_Glyphosate⠀⇛ Environmentalist and campaigner Dr Rosemary Mason has just written an open letter to the head of the Pesticides Unit at the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Jose Tarazona. Mason wrote to Tarazona because the Rapporteur Member States (France, Hungary, the Netherlands and Sweden) tasked with risk assessing glyphosate and appointed by the European Commission in 2019, said on 21 June 2021 that there was no problem with glyphosate-based herbicides. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Certified_Kubernetes_Application Developer_Exam_Available_in_Chinese [Ed: More changes_in_the_business model]⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ RSA/SHA1_signature_type_disabled_by_default_in OpenSSH⠀⇛ The “ssh-rsa” signature type is now disabled by default. “ssh-rsa” signatures can be selectively re-enabled if necessary. RSA (“ssh-rsa”) keys are not affected by this change and remain valid. # ⚓ Academics_bypass_PINs_for_Mastercard_and Maestro_contactless_payments⠀⇛ # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend_Micro_Linux_Report:_Beware_of Exposed_Linux_Ports [Ed: Still in PR fluff and it_helps_distract]⠀⇛ Trend Micro announced the results of its first half 2021 Linux Threat Report study, demonstrating how hackers are targeting Linux systems with malware. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple’s_Dedication_To_Privacy_Is_Missing When_It_Comes_To_Its_Workforce,_Employees Say⠀⇛ For a while it’s been clear that Apple has been hoping to use “we care about privacy” as a marketing advantage in an internet economy that consistently… doesn’t. For example Apple has stood up to the FBI when it comes to backdooring encryption. And in 2020 Apple unveiled several new privacy features and policies it hoped would differentiate it from its other “big tech” contemporaries repeatedly under fire in the press and in Congress. Granted there’s been ongoing hints this dedication isn’t exactly consistent, but it’s the thought that counts, I guess. # ⚓ Vaccine_Passport_Missteps_We_Should_Not Repeat⠀⇛ Over the past year, EFF has been tracking vaccine passport proposals and how they have been implemented. We have objections—especially when rolled out by opportunistic tech companies that are already creating digital inequity and mismanaging user data. We hope we can stop them from transforming into another layer of user tracking. Paper proof of vaccination raises fewer concerns, as does a digital photo of a paper card displayed on a phone screen. Of much greater concern are scannable vaccination credentials, which might be used to track people’s physical movements through doors and across time. Thus, we oppose any use of scannable vaccination credentials. At a minimum, such systems must have a paper alternative, open source code, and design and policy safeguards to minimize the risk of tracking. Last year “immunity passports” were proposed and sometimes implemented before the science was even well-developed on COVID- 19 immunity and vaccination. Many governments and private companies apparently were driven less by informed public health and science, as by the need to promote economic movement. Some organizations and governments even took the opportunity to create a new, digital verification system for the vaccinated. The needed transparency and protection has been lacking, and so have clear boundaries to keep them from escalating into an unnecessary surveillance system. Even though we recognize that many vaccine credentialing systems have been implemented in good faith, there are several examples below of dangerous missteps that we hope will not be repeated. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Taliban_will_Escape_Pariah_Status_by_Posing_as_the Enemy_of_ISIS⠀⇛ President Joe Biden, echoing President George W Bush after 9/11, said: “We will not forgive. We will not forget. We will hunt you down and make you pay.” But the self-destructive US response to 9/11 should serve as a warning about the perils of ill-directed over-reaction. Reducing complex developments in Afghanistan to another episode in “the war on terror” is misleading, counter-productive and one of the root causes of the present mess. # ⚓ New_Report_on_Human_Rights_Violations_in_Bolivia_in_2019 Sheds_Light_on_the_Role_of_the_OAS⠀⇛ Among its many findings, the report clearly establishes that “massacres” were perpetrated by Bolivian state security forces in the communities of Senkata and Sacaba. The report also includes a number of recommendations regarding the treatment of victims, calls for those responsible for human rights violations to be held accountable, and stresses the need for a greater autonomy and depoliticization of the Bolivian judiciary. Many of the report’s recommendations seek to address structural issues, including the pervasive racism in both the Bolivian state and in Bolivian society. The report concludes “that the [2019] violence had a racial and anti-indigenous character, and that the security forces used excessive or disproportionate force and did not adequately prevent acts of violence.”[1] In the preliminary section of the GIEI report, which provides general background on the events that preceded the Senkata and Sacaba massacres, the authors clearly identify the audit of the 2019 elections carried out by the Organization of American States (OAS) as a major factor that contributed to the political crisis that led to the forced resignation of President Morales and the installment of Jeanine Añez as de facto president. The report states: # ⚓ House_Committee_Investigating_January_6th_Capitol_Invasion Goes_On_Social_Media_Fishing_Expedition;_Companies_Should Resist⠀⇛ Whatever you think of what happened on January 6th, people should be concerned about the House Select Committee that is investigating those events now demanding information from various social networks. As the committee announced in a press release, it was demanding records from a long list of social media companies. # ⚓ A_Saudi_Move_to_Deport_Yemeni_Professionals_En_Masse_is Likely_to_Backfire_Dramatically⠀⇛ Yemeni lecturer and professor Mohammed Ali (a pseudonym, by his family’s request) was in a dazed state when he was suddenly told that he was being fired and would longer be allowed to enter the Saudi University at which he taught. Last week, the head of the university in Asir province in southern Saudi Arabia told Ali over the phone that his contract was being cancelled without explanation and that he should leave the Kingdom. “I went home and just curled up in my bed in a fetal position for six hours; I was shocked,” Mohammed said. The Yemeni academic was not alone. “All of my colleagues at the university received notifications from the university that their contracts have been canceled or will not be renewed, without explanation,” he added. # ⚓ Humiliating_Defeat_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ Many do not realise that these visuals serve to divert attention from another daunting reality: the humiliating defeat suffered by the US and its allies after a 20 year occupation of Afghanistan. It was an occupation which according to Brown University’s Costs of War project devoured US 2.26 trillion dollars.  At its height it employed 775,000 US service personnel. The US and its NATO allies had at their command some of the world’s most lethal and sophisticated weapons. Still, some 2.322 US military deaths occurred. As a result of US and NATO military operations in both Afghanistan and Pakistan, 240,000 deaths were recorded. Afghan civilian deaths were estimated at 47,245 while Pakistani civilian deaths hit 24.099. 3.5 million Afghans were internally displaced and there were 2.5 million Afghan refugees at the end of 2020. In contrast, the Taliban had limited fire power.  As Pepe Escobar put it, “They relied only on Kalashnikovs, rocket-propelled grenades and Toyota pick-ups  —  before they captured American hardware these past few days, including drones and helicopters.” Except for a core, their guerrillas had only basic military training. It is estimated that the Taliban had 78, 000 fighters, 60,000 of them active. There were also some fighters in Pakistan; otherwise, international support for the Taliban was modest. And yet, by the middle of August 2021, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan led by Taliban co-founder, Mullah Baradur Akhund was at the driving wheel. # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_2001_US_Invasion_Was_Bound_to_Devastate_the Afghan_People⠀⇛ Much has been said in the past few weeks about the sudden takeover of Afghanistan by the Taliban. For all the money spent and blood spilled by the United States, at the end of it all, the corrupt government that was in place garnered so little support that it fell without so much as a whimper. # ⚓ Progressives_Credit_Courage_of_Biden,_Lifelong_Hawk,_to_End Afghan_War⠀⇛ Anti-war advocates on Tuesday credited President Joe Biden with finally ending the U.S. war in Afghanistan, even as many expressed surprise that it was ultimately the former chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, a lifelong proponent of U.S. military intervention, to end the 20-year quagmire. The then-senator backed the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and voted for the authorization to start the Iraq War in 2003. In the years prior to the U.S. attack on Iraq, Biden claimed that “taking Saddam down”—not diplomacy—was the only way to ensure there were no weapons of mass destruction in the country. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Afghanistan:_Farewell_to_Arms,_Predator_Drones, Night_Raids…?⠀⇛ “It is right that the Western troops are finally leaving our country—they should have done so much earlier. We cannot have a serious peace process as long as the Americans are in Afghanistan. We must build our country with our [own] hands. …The Americans replaced the barbaric regime of the Taliban with brutal warlords, and then began to negotiate with the Taliban, even though the nature of the Taliban has never changed. The Americans have thrown bombs, polluted the environment, made the system even more corrupt. They have never been interested in the Afghan people.”—Malalai Joya, author, activist, and former member of the Afghan Parliament. # ⚓ Afghanistan:_The_‘Big’_Media’s_Question_Today_is_Wrong_and Dangerous⠀⇛ We’ve all heard that question asked, in a dozen variations, probably a hundred times in the past few months in the media.  And it’s not just the wrong question: it strengthens the GOP frame that lets George W. Bush off the hook for many of his worst failures and crimes. Afghanistan had little to nothing to do with 9/11. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Afghanistan_May_Forever_Be_the_Graveyard_of Empires⠀⇛ Sunday, October 7, 2001: Less than a month after 9/ 11, President George W. Bush announces to the world, “On my orders the United States military has begun strikes against al Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Afghan_Activist:_We_All_Deserve_Refuge,_Not_Just Those_Who_Served_the_US⠀⇛ Following the Taliban’s seizure of power, people across the political spectrum have expressed concern about the fate of Afghans who helped the United States and are therefore at risk of retribution. (This concern is not universal: We are also seeing a rise in far-right, anti-Afghan refugee sentiment.) Pundits and politicians who gave little attention to civilian deaths in Afghanistan during 20 years of U.S. occupation are joining in this outpouring—a dynamic that is building pressure for the Biden administration to extend the U.S. military presence. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Leaving_the_Bitter_Graveyard_of_Empires:_In Afghanistan,_Everything_Is_Crying⠀⇛ # ⚓ Even_as_Afghan_War_Ends,_GOP_Attempts_to_Add_$25B_to Military_Budget⠀⇛ Just as the United States completed its troop withdrawal from Afghanistan on Monday after two decades of war and occupation, House Republicans announced plans to push for a $25 billion increase in annual military spending—a proposal that progressive lawmakers and advocacy groups swiftly rejected. “Now is the time to shift our investments away from endless wars and toward addressing human needs.”—Rep. Barbara Lee # ⚓ Biden’s_Folly⠀⇛ A child he’ll never see. But a child who will grow up hearing never-ending stories about his/her father. All at the start of Joe Biden’s presidency during an evacuation from a forsaken 20-year war in Afghanistan gone terribly wrong at its tail end, with warnings of more possible terrorist attacks to come before the exodus is to end Tuesday. And everything had been going so well domestically for Biden. He’s dropping in the polls. # ⚓ America_Can_Afford_Biden’s_Investments_at_Home._Look_at_How Much_It_Spent_on_Wars.⠀⇛ Here’s the price tag: $5.48 trillion. No, that’s not the cost of what President Biden is calling a “generational investment” to rebuild America. That’s the price of the so-called War on Terror since 2001, as detailed by Brown University’s Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs—the cost to US taxpayers of sending forces to Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, Yemen, and other countries in a continuing war that, as Biden implied last week, has metastasized more than it has succeeded. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Experts_Warn_NOAA_Plan_Might_‘Delay’_Right_Whales Extinction,_But_Not_Save_Them⠀⇛ Conservation advocacy groups on Tuesday responded with alarm and disappointment to the Biden administration’s long-awaited new rule for protecting the endangered North Atlantic right whales from Maine to Florida. “There’s no time to waste—the rule must be strengthened immediately with expanded time/area management and effective monitoring if North Atlantic right whales are to survive.”—Whitney Webber, Oceana # ⚓ AOC,_Tlaib_Lead_Call_for_Biden_to_Replace_Trump_Fed_Chair With_Climate_Champion⠀⇛ A group of progressive lawmakers led by Reps. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Rashida Tlaib urged President Joe Biden on Tuesday to replace Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell—a Trump appointee—with a leader committed to tackling systemic climate risk and strictly regulating Wall Street banks. “Under his leadership the Federal Reserve has taken very little action to mitigate the risk climate change poses to our financial system.”—Letter # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘A_Shattered_Promise’:_Biden_Blasted_for_Resuming Fossil_Fuel_Leasing_on_Public_Lands_and_Waters⠀⇛ Advocacy groups on Tuesday blasted the Biden administration for resuming oil and gas lease sales for public lands and waters as the United States faces multiple disasters exacerbated by the fossil fuel driven-climate emergency. “Committing more public land to filthy fossil fuel extraction is disastrous policy that will only worsen the climate and extinction crises.”—Taylor McKinnon, Center for Biological Diversity # ⚓ Young_PR_and_Ad_Professionals_Demand_Industry_Ditch Fossil_Fuel_Clients⠀⇛ “You had a future, and so should we.” “We, tomorrow’s leaders, call on all agencies, from the holding companies to the independent shops, to stop working with fossil fuel clients. This means oil giants as well as the alphabet soup of trade associations and front groups.”—71 young professionals # ⚓ Speaking_of_electric_cars_powering_the_grid…_|_Stop at_Zona-M⠀⇛ Thirteen years ago, while sharing several “thoughts on peer-to-peer production and deployment of physical objects, I criticized an article (now offline) that argued that “when peer-to-peer hits energy, we can be sure it will change life as we know it”. In 2008, I did not like that article because it: either refers to really advanced technology so far in the future to not make any difference for anybody living when it was first written, or hopes that the laws of termodynamics will be proven wrong very soon: “this will really take off when we figure out how to produce cars that generate power instead of consume it” # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ How_Animal_Rights,_Once_a_Progressive_Stepchild, Became_a_Movement⠀⇛ Passersby were abusive. “Your shoes are leather,” they would yell, a simplistic syllogism that both meant human use of animals was inextricable and that we were hypocrites. Our shoes were not leather. “Get a job,” they would yell, an absurd allegation since demonstrating on Saturday did not mean we did not have jobs –– we did. # ⚓ ‘Horrific’_Caldor_Fire_Forces_South_Lake_Tahoe Residents_to_Evacuate⠀⇛ California’s Caldor Fire forced tens of thousands of people to flee South Lake Tahoe on Monday, an extreme weather disaster that experts said provides further evidence of the need to rapidly slash greenhouse gas emissions and transition to clean energy. “Wildfire season in the West is still producing horrific scenes daily.”—Eric Holthaus, meteorologist o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘They’re_Going_to_Lose,’_Says_Sanders_as_Corporations Mobilize_Against_$3.5T_Bill⠀⇛ Sen. Bernie Sanders has expressed confidence that congressional Democrats will be able to overcome an aggressive corporate lobbying campaign against their popular $3.5 trillion reconciliation proposal, which special interests are aiming to strip of climate investments, Medicare expansion, taxes on big businesses, and other key progressive priorities. “These guys don’t lose,” Sanders (I-Vt.), the chair of the Senate Budget Committee, told the Washington Post earlier this summer when asked about the lobbying effort. “They’re going to lose this round.” # ⚓ Is_Billionaire_Philanthropy_a_Sham?⠀⇛ America doesn’t need their charity. We need them to pay their fair share in taxes  # ⚓ What_Will_be_Done_About_America’s_Growing_Disparity_in Wealth?⠀⇛ If that trend continues, our future as a democracy will come to an end. So, the first step is to recognize it, and the second is to address it now. This trend was quantitively demonstrated in a RAND Corporation paper, Trends in Income From 1975 to 2018 by Carter C. Price and Kathryn Edwards. They used a time-period agnostic and income-level agnostic measure of inequality that relates income growth to economic growth. A summary and commentary of their work by Nick Hanauer And David M. Rolf is readily accessible to the public in Time.  o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ AFL-CIO_Chief_Warns_Rejection_of_PRO_Act_Could_Cost_Kyrsten Sinema⠀⇛ “Any politician endorsed by the Chamber of Commerce is no ally to workers.”—Brianna Westbrook, former House candidate # ⚓ Venezuelan_Diplomat_Alex_Saab_Fights_Latest_US_Extradition Maneuvers⠀⇛ The legal case Saab continues to fight this flagrant attempt of extra-territorial judicial overreach by the US. In response to Saab’s recent appeal to the US 11th Circuit Court, the US filed on August 24 an application for an extension to reply on October 7. This legal delaying tactic is likely a US ploy to allow Saab’s pending extradition without recognizing his diplomatic immunity. # ⚓ Could_California_End_Up_With_a_Trump-Like_Governor?⠀⇛ It shouldn’t have turned out this way. Just a few years ago, Newsom was seen as a progressive superstar, elected in 2018 to lead the world’s fifth-largest economy after serving as mayor of San Francisco. These were the same midterm elections that saw progressive newcomers like Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, and others elected to federal congressional seats in what was seen as a game-changing year for liberal politics and a worthy consolation prize to Bernie Sanders’ 2016 Democratic nomination loss. Newsom’s campaign slogan, “Courage for a Change,” led political pundits to dub him the “next head of the California resistance.” He campaigned on ushering in a statewide Medicare for All or single- payer system and won the endorsement of the National Nurses United (NNU) as a result. A year before his win, Newsom addressed NNU members on the issue of health care, saying, “If we can’t get it done next year, you have my firm and absolute commitment as your next governor that I will lead the effort to get it done. We will have universal health care in the state of California.” o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Brazil,_Amazon,_World:_Fake_News_and_the_Social_Contract⠀⇛ One form of the lie is rejection of deep inquiry into social context, which is banalized into immediate gratification and sensationalism, a barrage of soundbites lacking depth or breadth. In Edward Snowden’s words, hyper-consumption of online information “comes at the cost of being hyper- consumed”, bled dry of data regarding our (externally imposed) “preferences” that is then used to reconstruct our “reality”. Then, “the real cost to this recursive construction of reality from the ephemera of our preferences is that it tailors a separate world for each individual”, where meaning is manufactured from mere coincidence, which is “the essence of paranoia”, a mental state that is most amendable to political manipulation. The hyper-individualist idea of freedom as “I’m alright, Jack” entails complicity with the injustices and crimes that inevitably appear when enormous inequalities are covered up by the system that causes them. The worse the injustice, the more intractable the national and international systems in which untruths thrive and morph into violent forms. There are connections, then, between apparently isolated atrocities in Brazil, like the school massacre in the Suzano municipality of São Paolo (2019), the murder of a gay politician, sociologist, and human rights activist Marielle Franco and her driver, Anderson Pedro Gomes, in Rio de Janeiro (2018), and the Tasso da Silveira Municipal School massacre of twelve children aged from twelve to fourteen, ten of them girls in 2011, also in Rio de Janeiro. And they have elements in common with mass killings in other countries, for example, the Christchurch mosque massacre (2019), the Pittsburgh synagogue shootings (2018), and the El Paso shootings (2019). The killers are males who tend to frequent deep web forums where anonymity covers criminality. They consume conspiracy theories and fake news, detest in-depth knowledge, spread hate speech against women and historically defamed ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities, fetishize firearms, and revere facistoid political leaders like Bolsonaro and Trump. Racist, white supremacist, homophobic, misogynist, xenophobic, anti-Semitic, Islamophobic, and opposed to human rights, they represent the rise of the far-right around the world, which also takes the form of a kind of resentful, violent revenge against the political and cultural achievements of LGBTQI+, Black, Indigenous, environmentalist, and feminist movements in recent years. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Facebook_Promises_To_Distinguish_Takedowns_From Governments;_Whether_They’re_For_Illegal_Content,_Or_Merely Site_Rules_Violations⠀⇛ There’s an interesting discussion that happens in content moderation circles with regards to government requests for takedowns: are those requests about content that violates local laws or about the content violating website policies? Many people lump these two things together, but they’re actually pretty different in practice. Obviously, if a government comes across content that violates the law, it seems reasonable for them to alert the platform to it and expect that the content will be removed (though, there may be some questions about jurisdiction and such). However, when it’s just content that may violate site policy, there are some pretty big questions raised. This actually gets to the “jawboning” question we’ve been discussing a lot lately, and exploring where the line is between a politician persuading a website to take something down and compelling them to do so. # ⚓ Salon_is_closing_comments_for_good._Here’s_why⠀⇛ It’s time. Like Ben Affleck, we here at Salon have been in a two decades-long, on again, off again relationship. For him, it’s with Jennifer Lopez. For us, it’s our comments. On Friday, September 3, we will be eliminating the comments section here, consciously uncoupling for good. The media landscape is vastly different than it was even just a year ago, and enormously different than the last time we changed our commenting platform in 2018. (You may have noticed we don’t have any comments that stretch back earlier than that.) Conversations are mostly happening in different ways now, and it makes sense for us to adjust accordingly. The name Salon has always stood for spirited conversation, diverse opinions and above all, true community, and that has never been a one-way proposition. Over the years, that imperative has taken numerous forms, from message boards to an in- house blog system (a space where, among other things, “Julie and Julia” was born) to traditional story comments. The comments appearance and infrastructure has changed over time, and we’ve even gone long periods without having them at all. We’ve always tried to stay attentive to the ways in which communication evolves, and that is a process that continues today. [...] So while comments are going away, this isn’t an end of the conversation. It’s just time to change the channels we use to talk — and listen — to each other. I know we all still have plenty to say. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Ed_Asner,_American_Socialist⠀⇛ “When we can discuss socialism rationally. It will be as if a heavy curtain has been lifted from man’s eyes.” Those were not the words of Karl Marx or Eugene Victor Debs, though either of those radical thinkers might well have uttered them. # ⚓ Reflections_on_a_Double_Standard:_the_Right_Absurdly_Calls Democrats_Socialists,_but_Liberals_Can’t_Correctly_Call_the Right_Fascist⠀⇛ Look at the mainstream media-politics treatment of a Twitter statement in which the putschist Congressman Mo Brooks (APoT[1]-AL) expressed compassion for the actions of the North Carolina Trumpist Floyd Ray Roseberry, who threatened to set off a bomb outside the Library of Congress last Thursday. Brooks voiced sympathy with Roseberry, saying this: “I understand citizenry anger directed at dictatorial Socialism and its threat to liberty, freedom and the very fabric of American society. The way to stop Socialism’s march,” Brooks added, “is for patriotic Americans to fight back in the 2022 and 2024 elections.” Brooks’ statement contained no forthright denunciation of Roseberry’s action (for which the pathetic terrorist could face life in prison) and ended with an ominous warning: “Bluntly stated, America’s future is at risk.” # ⚓ The_Appeal_of_Ordinary_Millennial_Experience⠀⇛ One of the many, sometimes contradictory narratives the media told about millennials in the 2010s was that they were “the perfectionist generation.” In 2018, an op-ed in The Guardian reported that perfectionism was “destroying the mental health” of the millennial generation; that same year, The Chicago Tribune called millennials a generation of “overachievers.” Much of this reporting framed young people’s exacting tendencies as a choice—they care too much about grades, or are spending too much time comparing themselves to others on social media. In her new book, An Ordinary Age, Rainesford Stauffer proposes a different theory: The growing political and economic precarity facing this generation has forced them to strive for perfection, because it often feels like the only guaranteed path toward stability, if not survival. # ⚓ Save_a_Space_for_Lou_Proyect,_Rebel_Against_the_Status Quo⠀⇛ Louis had a bottomless curiosity, and he had a thirst to know everything. He was interested in and knowledgeable about nearly every subject under the sun: films, art, poetry, literature, classical music, jazz, the music of the Global South, history, physics, ecology, medicine, politics, economics, the arcana of leftist parties and sects, class struggle, agriculture, Indigenous peoples, philosophy, Marx and Marxism, labor unions, Trotsky and Trotskyism, education. On these and other topics, he must have written several million words. For many of us, he was a veritable clearinghouse of what was worth reading. We looked forward to the posts on his blog, The Unrepentant Marxist, the links he put up every day on Marxmail, the listserv he moderated for twenty years, and what he posted on his Facebook page. It was always as if we were in a free school, learning new things and re- thinking those we thought we knew something about. Most people accept the way things are and live their lives accordingly. But a few do not. They rebel against the status quo. Some abandon the world in one way or another, living off the grid, refusing to settle down, joining a religious cult. Others dig in their heels and devote their lives to analyzing society and doing what they can to change it. Louis was one of these. He was born in Kansas City, but he grew up in the Catskills in the “Borsht Belt,” as he used to say. While raised in the Jewish faith and certainly influenced by what it meant to be a Jew in an antisemitic society, from an early age, he was a nonbeliever. He enrolled at Bard College when he was sixteen, and he did some graduate studies at the New School. He wrote much about his upbringing and his education, as well as his entire life, perhaps most openly and wittily in the comic book autobiography, in which he wrote the dialogue while Harvey Pekar, who had become a close friend, did the strips. Anyone wanting to learn about his life will want to read this. You can find it here. # ⚓ Man_Who_Was_Ejected_From_The_United_States_After_Appearing In_A_Film_Critical_Of_ICE_Asks_Court_To_Roll_Back_Removal⠀⇛ Under president Donald Trump, ICE went from barely tolerable to fascist stormtroopery, doing anything in its power to kick people out of the country. Trump claimed he was just trying to make the nation safer by ridding us of the “worst of the worst.” His vague directives lit a fire under the worst ICE employees, giving them free rein to forcibly eject as many people as possible, even if those people were not the “worst,” nor even trending towards that direction. # ⚓ Starting_Tomorrow,_Roe_v._Wade_Will_Functionally_Cease_to Exist_in_Texas⠀⇛ I feel like people are waiting for the headline “Roe v. Wade Overturned” to appear in a giant font above the fold of The New York Times before they demand that Democrats do something to protect abortion rights. I feel like as long as Roe remains on the books, only women’s rights activists will talk about, or even notice, that the right to bodily autonomy is being functionally revoked in Republican-controlled state after Republican- controlled state. I feel like the battle for reproductive rights has already been lost, and Democrats never even showed up to fight. # ⚓ The_Battle_to_Protect_State-Owned_Lands⠀⇛ Although there are limited ways that conservation groups can influence state management (or lack thereof) of these lands, there are a few options that the Western Watersheds Project (WWP) and a few other conservation groups have utilized to protect key parcels. The obstacles to public influence on state trust lands are numerous and similar across the West. But in some instances, the very regulations that protect resource abusers can sometimes be used to further conservation goals. For instance, WWP just won a 20-year lease on a 640-acre section along Champion and Fourth of July Creeks in the scenic Sawtooth Valley of central Idaho. Champion Creek is home to ESA-listed steelhead and Fourth of July Creek provides habitat for bull trout, which are also listed under the ESA. With the removal of livestock, the riparian areas and water quality will improve, thus benefiting the fish. There is also a small herd of pronghorn that frequents the section who will no longer have to compete with domestic sheep for forage. # ⚓ Illinois’_Child_Welfare_Agency_Continues_to_Fail_Spanish- Speaking_Families⠀⇛ Early last year, the Cook County public guardian grew worried that Illinois’ child welfare agency once again was failing the Spanish-speaking families whose children were in its care. So Charles Golbert decided to conduct an experiment. For 10 months, lawyers from his office counted the number of new cases that involved Spanish-speaking families. Then the staffers checked how many of those families’ files included a critical document that determines whether the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services must provide them services in Spanish, as required by a federal court order. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ China’s_New_Internet_Regulations,_Building_On_Western Internet_Regulations,_Requires_Algorithms_To_‘Vigorously Disseminate_Positive_Energy’⠀⇛ When the UK announced its rebranded “Online Safety” bill (originally, the “Online Harms” bill) we noted that the mechanism included was effectively identical to the original Great Firewall of China. That is, when China first began censoring its internet, rather than telling websites explicitly what needed to be taken down, it just gave vague policy guidance about what “harmful” information would be a problem if it was found online, and backed that up with a serious threat: if any service provider was found not to have taken down information the government deemed problematic, it would face serious consequences. There was, of course, no such threat for taking down information that should not have been taken down. The end result was clear: when in doubt, take it down. # ⚓ Starve_the_Beast:_Monopoly_Power_and_Political_Corruption⠀⇛ After Pai’s announcement, those same millions – and millions of their friends – flooded the FCC’s comment portal, actually overwhelming the FCC’s servers and shutting them down (the FCC falsely claimed it had been hacked). The comments from experts and everyday Americans overwhelmingly affirmed the consensus from the 2015 net neutrality fight: Americans love net neutrality and they expect their regulators to enact it. But a funny thing happened on the way to the FCC vote: thousands, then millions of nearly-identical comments flooded into the Commission, all opposed to net neutrality. Some of these comments came from obviously made-up identities, some from stolen identities (including identities stolen from sitting US Senators!), and many, many dead people.. One million of them purported to be sent by Pornhub employees. All in all, 82% of the comments the FCC received were fake, and the overwhelming majority of fake comments opposed net neutrality.  Sending all these fake comments was expensive. The telecoms industry paid millions to corrupt the political process. That bill wasn’t footed by just one company, either – an industry association paid for the fraud.  # ⚓ Techdirt_Podcast_Episode_296:_Internet_Policy_&_The Canadian_Election⠀⇛ Canada is barreling towards a federal election, and if recent legislative proposals are any indication, the outcome will have huge implications for the future of the internet in the country. Between the recent Bill C-10 and the proposed online harms legislation (among other things), it’s clear that plenty of Canadian politicians want to make drastic and draconian changes to how the internet is regulated. This week, I join Mike on the podcast along with Matt Hatfield, the Campaigns Director of OpenMedia (something like Canada’s version of the EFF), to discuss the Canadian election and what it means for a variety of important internet policy issues. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ They’ve_only_gone_and_done_it_–_South_Korea_forces_Apple, Google_to_allow_alternative_app_store_payment_systems⠀⇛ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ The_European_Patent_Office_grants_patent_for_RCD405 [Ed: What’s the likelihood that this is another fake European Patent granted_just_to_meet_quotas?]⠀⇛ The European Patent Office (EPO) has announced that it intends to grant Respiratorius the patent application for the RESP9000 series, which includes the drug candidate RCD405, (European Patent Application No. 19740090.6 NOVEL BRONCHODILATING HETERO-LINKED AMIDES). After the formal fees have been paid, the patent will be granted, which gives Respiratorius market exclusivity in Europe until 2039. This is the first approval for the patent family. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Make_It_A_Trend:_More_Modders_Get_Hired_By Developers,_This_Time_CD_Projekt_Red⠀⇛ You will recall that we were just discussing a cool little story about Bethesda going so far in embracing the modding communities surrounding its games that it ended up hiring one of the writers of an impressive Fallout 4 mod onto its team. Part of what made that story interesting was not how totally novel it was. After all, modders have found their way into developer roles in the past. Instead, it’s that it was Bethesda that made it interesting, being a AAA title developer and the fact that the gaming industry certainly doesn’t approach modding communities with unanimity. # ⚓ Filmmakers_Request_U.S._Blocking_Order_Against Popcorn_Time_Domains⠀⇛ A group of independent movie companies ha asked a Virginia federal court to grant millions in copyright damages against a popular fork of the piracy app Popcorn Time. The request for a default judgment also comes with a far-reaching injunction which, among other things, would require Internet providers to block several Popcorn Time domains. # ⚓ Meet_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Subha_Das_Mollick⠀⇛ Her recent independent productions “Calcutta Sonata” and “Dwelling in Travelling” have been critically acclaimed in the festival circuit and bagged some prestigious awards. Her film “Promising Plastic Polymers” won the Bronze Beaver Award at the 9th National Science Film Festival organized by Vigyan Prasar, and also a special award at the Eco Art Contest organized by American Centre and SAFE. She is also an avid writer. Her recent publication is Schools of Kolkata: Weaving Magic in Education (Volumes I & II), Published by Sampark. # ⚓ ACE/MPA_Shut_Down_Yet_More_Pirate_IPTV_&_Illegal Streaming_Services⠀⇛ Global anti-piracy group Alliance for Creativity and Entertainment is maintaining intense pressure on unlicensed streaming platforms. In a new wave takedowns, the video-focused coalition has targeted pirate IPTV services, app developers and unlicensed streaming sites, reaching settlements with some and sending others into hiding. # ⚓ Meet_the_CC_Summit_Presenter:_Laura_Santana⠀⇛ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3950 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.01.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_1/9/2021:_Wayland_Protocols_1.22,_Microsoft_Customers_Flee⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:07 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux_on_a_Touchscreen_Is_Better_Than_You_Think⠀⇛ One of Linux’s biggest perks is the ability to revitalize older computers. A downside of this is that you don’t necessarily know what you’re getting before you dive in. You can do some reading online, but you can’t go into a store and see for yourself how a PC is going to function. This is a particular problem with 2-in-1 PCs, which none of the major Linux PC providers yet offer. But, it turns out, Linux on these touchscreen devices already provides a great experience. Here are some things to know before you dive in. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ 8_Reasons_Why_You_Should_Run_Linux_in_a_Virtual_Machine⠀⇛ If you wanted to run multiple Linux systems on one machine, you had to install them using multi- booting. One great thing about Linux is that it plays nice with virtual machines. Linux virtual machines have a lot of hidden advantages that most users are unaware of. One reason that Linux has become so widespread is that it can coexist with different systems. Virtualization makes that possible. You can create multiple Linux machines on one physical computer, and move them around as necessary. It’s hard to imagine Linux being where it is without virtual machines. VirtualBox is the premier open-source virtualization application, and there are ways to supercharge your Linux virtual machines to take full advantage of them. # ⚓ Tuxedo_Refreshes_its_Polaris_Linux_Gaming_Laptops_with_AMD 5000_series_and_Intel_Tiger_Lake_CPUs⠀⇛ The German Linux PC manufacturer has recently announced the third revision of its Tuxedo Polaris 15 and 17 gaming laptops. The laptops primarily come in two different display sizes – 15.6 and 17.3 inches – hence the names. Featuring mid to high range specifications, these PCs come in various configurations, including an option to install Windows 10 other than the flagship Tuxedo OS 20.04 that’s based on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ The_System76_Pangolin_Linux_laptops_now_come_with_Ryzen 5000U_APU_options⠀⇛ The Linux-based Pangolin refreshes come with the Lucienne R5 5500U and R7 5700U APUs integrating Zen 2 cores. Other features include a 15.7-inch FHD display, up to 64 GB DDR4-3200 RAM, up to 2 TB NVMe SSD storage, Wi-Fi 6 and a GbE NIC. Prices start at $1,199. System76 is updating its Pangolin lineup of Linux laptops with AMD’s Ryzen 5000U processors. These are not the Zen 3 models, unfortunately, so instead of the previous R5 4500U and R7 4700U, System76 now offers the Zen 2-based R5 5500U and R7 5700U with integrated Vega graphics. Still, the upgrade should provide a noticeable performance boost especially in multi-core workloads, as the new models enable hyperthreading and come with an improved memory controller. # ⚓ System76’s_updated_15-inch_Pangolin_laptop_ships_with_Ryzen 7_5700U_CPU⠀⇛ This week, System76—probably the best-known Linux- only laptop vendor—announced the latest update to its lightweight 15-inch Pangolin laptop series. The newest models of Pangolin are available and shipping today; customers have a choice between a six-core Ryzen 5 5500U and an eight-core Ryzen 7 5700U processor. Pangolin was already the first System76 laptop model to offer AMD Ryzen processors, with last- generation Ryzen 4500U and 4700U models announced last December. This year’s model bumps up both the processor generation and asking price significantly—last year’s Ryzen 4500U Pangolin started at $850, offering 8GiB of RAM and a 240GiB SSD in the entry-level trim. The new 5500U-powered Pangolin runs $1,200 for the same specs. # ⚓ Linux_on_the_Framework_DIY_Laptop_has_been_very_popular⠀⇛ Framework is the high-performance, thin and light notebook that’s “designed to last” with modular components along with a commitment to make it easy to repair and upgrade. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_install_Sushi_Kitty_:3_by_TurdGuy_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at the newly released MakuluLinux Droid. It comes with Linux Kernel 5.11, (i believe) based on Debian 11, Gnome 3.36, and uses about 1.7GB of ram when idling. Also, this release of Makulu Linux is special because it has Anbox built-in, and you can right-click on APKs in your file manager and install it if Anbox supports them. # ⚓ MakuluLinux_Droid_Run_Through_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at MakuluLinux Droid. # ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_645:_Privacy_and_Adtech_–_Don_Marti,_Adtech⠀⇛ Former Linux Journal editor in chief Don Marti, who Doc Searls calls the world’s greatest living authority on online advertising, speaks with Doc and Katherine Druckman about the rapidly changing adtech world. How are companies big and small coping with those changes today? Marti also discusses the “stack of principal agents” problem, why privacy is a massive issue not just for individuals, but for companies with billions of dependents, such as Apple with its iPhone customers. # ⚓ Apple_Fools_Everyone_|_Coder_Radio_429⠀⇛ Recent reports would have you believe Apple has made significant concessions to developers. Don’t be fooled! We read between the lines and break down what is and what is not changing. Plus, some thoughts on environmental PCs and the question we hate the most. # ⚓ Linux_overview_|_Pardus_21.0_Gnome_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of Pardus 21.0 and some of the applications pre- installed. # ⚓ Full_Circle_Weekly_News_#225⠀⇛ o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_5.14_with_“secret”_storage_and_secure hyperthreading⠀⇛ Just days after the 30th anniversary of the very first Linux announcement, Linus Torvalds released kernel version 5.14. In the current release announcement, Torvalds jokingly took up this coincidence. He understands that for the 30th anniversary everyone will certainly be busy with galas and fancy events, but has a nice change from glitter, champagne and Co. ready: a new kernel release to test and enjoy. Linux 5.14, which falls between two emblematic anniversaries, namely the Linux announcement on August 25, 1991 and the very first kernel release on September 17 of the same year, is not a gigantic release compared to some of its recent predecessors. At first glance, it could even pass as a mere “standard update” with new and improved drivers. However, some less obvious but significant innovations deserve some attention – including the complete elimination of the old IDE driver system, so-called “core scheduling” as a defense against Specter attack variants and secret memory areas. # ⚓ XFS_&_EROFS_File-Systems_Have_Big_Changes_For_Linux_5.15_– Phoronix⠀⇛ In addition to Btrfs sporting new features with Linux 5.15, the XFS and EROFS file-systems also have some shiny new features and improvements for this next version of the Linux kernel. XFS for Linux 5.15 has “a lot in this cycle” from fixes to features. XFS with Linux 5.15 now has batch inode activations in per-CPU background threads that should improve directory tree deletion times. Pipelining has also been enabled for the XFS log that should help with performance around handling of lots of metadata updates. XFS also has proposed inode btree counters and support for dates beyond Year 2038 as being officially supported features. Both the inode btree counters and Y2038 handling should be enabled by default with future xfsprogs updates. # ⚓ Linux_5.15_Hardware_Monitoring_Is_Big_But_Overdue_For_AMD_– Phoronix⠀⇛ The Linux 5.15 hardware monitoring “HWMON” subsystem changes were sent out and now merged for this next kernel version. Particularly notable this cycle is AMD catching up on some of their sensors support. First up, this HWMON update is the one that finally adds Zen 3 APU temperature monitoring support. The Zen 3 APU temperature monitoring is only landing now for the Linux 5.15 cycle even though these APUs have been found in desktops and laptops for months. It was just missing the necessary model ID in the k10temp driver but wasn’t addressed until a community member sent in the patch for adding it to the driver. # ⚓ Linux_5.15_Power_Management_Changes_Merged_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The ACPI and power management changes have landed for the Linux 5.15 merge window. As usual, Intel’s Rafael Wysocki punctually submitted all his new feature pull requests for the new merge window. This time around though the power management changes aren’t particularly exciting. No exciting changes around new hardware support or the like… # ⚓ Linux_5.15_Staging_Replaces_Its_Realtek_RTL8188EU_WiFi Driver_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The staging updates for Linux 5.15 continue to have a lot of code churn including some drivers being promoted while one Realtek WiFi driver has been replaced. Linux has long had the “rtl8188eu” driver as part of the kernel’s staging area for supporting this Realtek RTL8188EU 802.11 b/g/n WiFi chip for USB adapters. The RTL8188EU can be found in a number of different USB WiFi adapters including some still available via retail channels while now its Linux staging driver has been replaced. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ wayland-protocols_1.22⠀⇛ wayland-protocols 1.22 is now available. This release includes a new staging protocol: DRM object leasing. Besides that, various test and build system improvements are included, as well as a set of clarifications to the xdg- activation protocol and other protocols. Daniel Stone (2): xdg-shell: Make xdg_surface fail when surface has role tests: Include libwayland cflags/ ldflags Issam E. Maghni (1): tests: use dynamic python path Jonas Ådahl (1): build: Bump version to 1.22 Manuel Stoeckl (1): xdg-output: fix minor calculation error Roman Gilg (4): xdg-activation: use rst link xdg-activation: use rst inline code xdg-activation: correct sequence when X11 client spawns Wayland client xdg-activation: rewrite and move description of token forwarding Simon Ser (8): members: add GitLab usernames readme: mention the DCO xdg-activation-v1: clarify set_ {serial,surface} presentation-time: use enum entry description tags readme: fix unformatted label references build: declare dependency for use as a subproject build: fix indentation in tests/ meson.build build: only require C/C++ compilers for host Vlad Zahorodnii (1): xdg-activation: Fix an inconsistency Xaver Hugl (1): staging/drm-lease: DRM lease protocol support Xavier Claessens (1): tests: Fix build with -Wextra git tag: 1.22 # ⚓ Wayland_Protocols_1.22_Released_With_DRM_Object Leasing_Support_For_VR_HMDs_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Designed with VR headsets in mind, Wayland- Protocols 1.22 was released today and adds the DRM leasing protocol to its staging area. The DRM lease protocol is modeled around Linux’s Direct Rendering Manager (DRM) object leasing where the DRM master is able to “lease” a subset of resources to a client. In the case of this Wayland protocol it’s about leasing DRM resources for exclusive use by a Wayland client. # ⚓ RadeonSI_Enables_DCC_Stores_For_RDNA2_APUs_To_Squeeze Out_More_Performance_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ RadeonSI Gallium3D as the official AMD OpenGL Linux driver has mirrored the unofficial RADV Vulkan driver in enabling DCC stores support for RDNA2 APUs in the name of greater performance. This merge is the latest optimization to RadeonSI by well known AMD developer Marek Olšák. This follows the same approach as RADV around delta color compression stores to allow for better performance on RDNA2 APUs. # ⚓ Intel_“Crocus”_Gallium3D_Now_Part_Of_Mesa’s_Default Drivers_To_Build_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Intel’s i965 classic DRI driver is still the default within Mesa for i965 through Haswell generations of Intel integrated graphics, but the new “Crocus” Gallium3D driver has been added to the default driver build list so it’s now at least building by default on x86/ x86_64 systems and thus trivial after that to override. Crocus has come about nicely in a matter of months for providing an open-source Gallium3D driver for i965 through Haswell generations. Intel’s Iris Gallium3D driver continues to be the official and default driver for Broadwell graphics and newer, but thanks to the community Crocus is now viable for older generations especially as Mesa developers have expressed possible interest in phasing out classic driver support in the future. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to_Microsoft OneNote⠀⇛ Microsoft’s stance for decades was that community creation and sharing of communal code (later to be known as free and open source software) represented a direct attack on their business. Their battle with Linux stretches back many years. Back in 2001, former Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer famously tarnished Linux “a cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches”. Microsoft also initiated its “Get the Facts” marketing campaign from mid-2003, which specifically criticized Linux server usage, total cost of ownership, security, indemnification and reliability. The campaign was widely criticized for spreading misinformation. However, in recent years, there has been a partial shift by Microsoft to embrace the open source software paradigm. For example, some of their code is open sourced. Examples include Visual Studio Code, .NET Framework, Atom, and PowerShell. They have also made investments in Linux development, server technology and organizations including the Linux Foundation and Open Source Initiative. They have made acquisitions such as Xamarin to help mobile app development, and GitHub a hugely popular code repository for open source developers. And they have partnered with Canonical, the developers of the popular Ubuntu distro. But many developers remain hugely sceptical about Microsoft and their apparent shift to embrace open source. # ⚓ Top_15_Self-hosted_open-source_free_webmail_clients⠀⇛ Web-based email clients (or Webmail clients) are the favorite solution for companies and teams. They help keep everything organized, archived on the server, which allow easily management and offer better protection. Webmail is a web application that allow users to access their email through their web browser. Unlike, desktop email clients, webmail software is installed on a web server, and does not require desktop clients or even operating system to run. The only requirement is a web browser and the internet. # ⚓ Download_These_7_Cool_Apps_on_Your_Linux_Machine_to_Make Life_Easier⠀⇛ Not only the Linux distros are open-source but the apps for Linux are also free. Though some business apps come with a cost, most of the apps created for individuals don’t have any charges. Want to know about some of the cool apps to download on your Linux machine? This article walks you through 7 apps to download on Linux to make your life easier. Head over to the next section! # ⚓ Habit_Tracking_on_Linux_Made_Easy_With_These_Two_Apps⠀⇛ Consistency is an integral part of developing and maintaining habits. However, it is not easy to stay regular and motivated throughout your journey. While goals are good for setting a direction, building an efficient system is best for making progress. Looking at your past progress can help you push forward. Linux-based operating systems are one of the most productive operating systems if used appropriately. To further enhance your productivity and cultivate good habits, here are two free habit-tracking applications that you should try on your Linux machine. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_Apache_Solr_on_AlmaLinux_8_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Apache Solr on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, Apache Solr is the popular, blazing- fast, open-source enterprise search platform built on Apache Lucene. Solr is designed for scalability and fault tolerance. It is widely used for enterprise search and analytics use cases and has an active development community and regular releases. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Apache Solr on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for CentOS and Rocky Linux. # ⚓ How_To_Install_MySQL_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MySQL on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, MySQL is a relational database management system based on SQL (Structured Query Language). It is one of the most widely used database software for several well-known applications that utilize it. MariaDB is available as the default database in Debian 11. Therefore, you need to install the MySQL server with all its dependencies on your Debian 11 system. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the MySQL 8 database on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_To_Install_Webmin_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Webmin on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Webmin is an open-source application platform that gives a web-based graphical user interface to manage Linux servers such as setup user accounts, Apache, DNS, file sharing, and much more. It has become a good open-source alternative for cPanel. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Webmin on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Setup_Cockpit_Web_Console_on_Linux System⠀⇛ The Cockpit web console is a tool to monitor the server’s overall status, performance, and health. You can install the Cockpit web console on your local machine and execute the web application through the web browser. You can monitor server services, accounts and set up network systems through the Cockpit Web console on Linux. If you’re a remote user, the Cockpit Web console allows you to log in through the secure shell (ssh). The Cockpit suggests using Google Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Gnome browser for loading the Cockpit web console on Linux. Installing the Cockpit web console on Linux distributions is easy, straightforward, and simple. # ⚓ How_to_download_and_add_Google_fonts_to_your_Ubuntu_desktop –_Techzim⠀⇛ I am constantly preaching about how Ubuntu and Linux in general is awesome. The truth though is that no desktop operating system is perfect and one area in which Windows has Ubuntu beat is the number of fonts you get by default. Most people who use Windows never even stop to think about it, but the fonts you see when you are for example doing graphic design or Word processing are bundled by Microsoft to make sure you have a great out of the box experience. It’s something Ubuntu and most Linux distros never do. If you want extra fonts from the paltry default collection you have to roll up your sleeves and install them yourself. Yes, just like applications, fonts have to be installed too. Thanks to Google’s wonderful fonts collection it’s now easier to find and install free fonts on Ubuntu in order to augment the few that come installed by default. # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_1_–_Getting_Started_– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_2_–_Installation_Process_– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_3_–_Web_Console_Overview_– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_4_–_Containers_vs_Virtual Machines_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Proxmox_VE_Full_Course:_Class_5_–_Launching_a_Virtual Machine_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ generate_pem_cert_from_host_with_ssl_port⠀⇛ # ⚓ Taking_a_look_at_CrowdSec:_Installation_&_Example_Scenario –_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Swappiness_on_MX_Linux:_What_is_it?_And_how_to_change_it?_| FOSS_Linux⠀⇛ o change or not to change swappiness – that is the question! But what is swappiness, and what role does it play on your Linux system? Well, for this read, we have put together a detailed guide on how and when you should consider changing swappiness on your MX Linux system. # ⚓ NVIDIA_Drivers_on_Rocky_Linux_–_Darryl_Dias⠀⇛ Here is how to install the official Nvidia drivers on Rocky Linux and it works flawlessly. This works best on the default kernel that ships with Rocky Linux, if you have custom Kernel or modified setup, there might be need for extra steps. The extra steps are out of the scope of this article. # ⚓ How_to_install_Varnish_Cache_on_Ubuntu_20.04_–_VITUX⠀⇛ Now more than ever, page loading speed is crucial to any website owner. A few seconds of lag in loading your website will quickly send internet users to the next site leading to high bounce rates and reduced revenue. In fact, page loading speed is a crucial ranking aspect that Google uses to rank websites. The slower your website, the lower the rank it gets. Varnish cache, also known as a caching reverse HTTP proxy, is a high-performance and blazing fast web application that speeds up your website by forwarding incoming HTTP requests to your webserver. It sits in front of a webserver and caches all the web traffic that is frequently accessed by users and stores it in memory. By so doing, it speeds up the retrieval time of the web pages. The cache also serves thousands of concurrent HTTP requests without crashing or overloading the webserver. It can boost your website speed by up to 300 – 100 times. Let now install the Varnish cache on Ubuntu 20.04 # ⚓ How_to_Install_&_Setup_ModSecurity_with_Nginx_on_Debian 11⠀⇛ ModSecurity or often referred to as Modsec is a free, open-source web application firewall (WAF). ModSecurity was created as a module for the Apache HTTP Server. However, since its early days, the WAF has grown and now covers an array of HyperText Transfer Protocol request and response filtering capabilities for various platforms such as Microsoft IIS, Nginx, and of course, Apache. How the WAF works, the ModSecurity engine is deployed in front of the web application, allowing the engine to scan the incoming and outgoing HTTP connections. ModSecurity is most commonly used in conjunction with the OWASP Core Rule Set (CRS), an open-source set of rules written in ModSecurity’s SecRules language and is highly regarded among the security industry. # ⚓ Install_the_VirtualBox_Guest_Additions_in_Debian_11 bullseye_–_PragmaticLinux⠀⇛ Curious about the recently released Debian 11 “bullseye”? Why not install it inside a VirtualBox virtual machine and give it a try? Just keep in mind that afterwards, you want to install the VirtualBox Guest Additions. This enables you to adjust the screen resolution to match your monitor’s. Furthermore, you can enable features such as the bi-directional clipboard and shared folders. In this article I’ll explain how to install the VirtualBox Guest Additions in Debian 11 “bullseye”. # ⚓ How_to_create_dynamic_configuration_files_using_Ansible templates_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ In the previous article in this series, 8 steps to developing an Ansible role in Linux, I created an Ansible role to install Vim and configure it with some plugins and a static vimrc configuration file. This article improves this role by replacing this static configuration file with a more flexible one, dynamically generated using an Ansible template. # ⚓ Bash_Echo_Command_Explained_With_Examples_In_Linux_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ As a beginner when you start working with Bash scripts, the first command you will probably learn and use is the echo command. You can think of bash echo command something similar to the print command in other programming languages. The echo command is a bash built-in and its purpose is to print the output to stdout (i.e. Terminal). In this article, I will show you what is bash echo command and how to use it in your shell scripts. Before we get into the topic, let us see the difference between a Bash bulit-in and an external command. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Podcast_#15_with_James_Ramey_from_Codeweavers:_Steam_Deck, Proton,_in_2021_and_Beyond⠀⇛ We have a new episode out, with James Ramey from Codeweavers (the key company developing WINE, which is a major component of Proton)! We have talked to James many times before, he is almost like a regular guest of our podcast at this stage – but this time was a good time to catch up with him. The Steam Deck is about to be released later in this year by Valve, and we wanted to better understand the following…. # ⚓ ARK:_Survival_Evolved_releases_on_Stadia_with_a_bunch_more free_games_for_Stadia_Pro_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ ARK: Survival Evolved, the still incredibly popular open-world game from Studio Wildcard is now on Stadia and along with a few other games it’s free for Stadia Pro subscribers. Much like ARK ports to other platforms, their version on Stadia has plenty of issues. ARK has a history of being buggy, and their native desktop Linux version is pretty awful. It doesn’t seem like their Stadia port is much better with graphical issues, graphics that look quite poor in a lot of places and yes even plenty of stuttering at times too. So, a pretty standard port of ARK then. # ⚓ Impostor_Factory_from_Freebird_Games_launches_September_30 |_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ From the same developer that gave us To The Moon and Finding Paradise, prepare for another wild adventure with Impostor Factory as it’s finally going to release on September 30. I’m still confused on the story here. Is it somehow a follow-on from the previous games? The developer said “Maybe not. Maybe it’s a sequel. Maybe it’s a prequel. Maybe it’s both. But again, there is no prerequisite to playing Impostor Factory.” and yet they keep saying it’s “Impostor Factory (To the Moon 3)” and so we just have to wait and see. They are at least telling us the story will “make you curse at the screen” so that’s something. # ⚓ ScummVM_issues_a_call_to_action_on_testing_for_the_next major_version_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ ScummVM 2.3.0 is coming soon with many upgrades to this awesome free and open source project that keeps classic games alive. Now they need your help. Plenty of newly supported games will come with this release including the likes of: Grim Fandango, The Longest Journey, Crusader: No Remorse, AGS Games versions 2.5+, Myst 3: Exile, The Journeyman Project 2: Buried in Time, Red Comrades 1 & 2 and more. # ⚓ The_Steam_Deck_is_the_gateway_to_better_PC_games._– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Wasteland_3_update_1.5.0_is_out_improving_the_DLC_and_co-op experiences_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ inXile Entertainment have released the big 1.5.0 update for Wasteland 3 with an aim to improve the experience of getting into the DLC content and also lots of improvements to the online co-op. “As noted in the State of the Frozen Union article, Patch 1.5.0 is primarily focused on improving the co-op experience, as well as allowing those at the endgame to experience the Steeltown and Cult of the Holy Detonation expansion content. We’ve also taken a bright light to some of the underused quirks, perks, and backgrounds, balancing those with the intention of making them even more attractive options when you’re creating and evolving squad members. Rounding all this off is a bevy of overall polish, fixes, and other general improvements that aim to please.” # ⚓ Prop_hunt_hide_&_seek_game_Run_Prop,_Run!_is_now_free_to play_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ After a fresh online multiplayer game to play and one that’s family friendly too? The hide and seek game with prop hunting Run Prop, Run! recently became free to play. These types of games obviously live and die by the amount of people they have playing, and it’s extremely hard for such a game to cut through the noise when it has a cost attached to it. That’s just how it is now with so many high quality free games already available so PlayTogether Studio set it free. Quite fun too with it adding its own spin on the genre with platforming, special abilities and more. # ⚓ Steam_not_working_right_on_Arch_Linux?_It’s_an_issue_with FreeType_and_there’s_a_fix_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ If you’re using Arch Linux or anything based on it (or other rolling update distributions) and you’ve recently run updates that included freetype2, you might unfortunately notice that Steam is now quite broken. When loading any part of the Steam client that depends on web views, it will just give you a rather unhelpful black screen. This is obviously a big problem and makes it all quite unusable. So what can you do? Well, if you’re comfortable with your package managing you could downgrade freetype2 back to version 2.10.4 but that can then end up breaking future updates that depend on the newer version. Valve are hot on the issue though and they’ve already put up a fresh Steam Beta with a fix. # ⚓ As_it_nears_a_new_release,_The_Battle_for_Wesnoth_is looking_for_new_contributors⠀⇛ The Battle for Wesnoth is one of the longest running open source strategy games still in continuous development. With 17 single player campaigns, fully-fledged online multiplayer, and countless fan mods available through the game’s own downloadable content platform, Wesnoth can deliver endless hours of turn-based entertainment completely free of charge, while giving back to the community through its free and open source codebase and a rich pool of assets and artwork distributed under a Creative Commons license. For over 18 years Wesnoth has been a staple of classic Linux gaming, and it’s widely available over the repositories of every major distro. # ⚓ Caves_of_Qud_gets_new_late-game_content,_new_character creation_and_lots_of_items_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Caves of Qud is probably one of the best modern roguelikes around and Freehold Games have put up a huge new Beta version with lots of goodies to play through. Qud has some of the craziest possible characters you can make, seriously it has. To help show it off a little more, Freehold have upgraded and overhauled the character generation system. It’s now “more sensible, highly moddable, and use an all-new, responsive, fully keyboardable AND mousable UI” and I do have to say it looks pretty good. It also now gives you some preset character builds to help new players. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_e.V._is_looking_for_a_developer_to_help_further hardware_integration_projects⠀⇛ KDE e.V., the non-profit organisation supporting the KDE community, is looking for a someone to help shape products based on KDE software. We are looking for people who can start working on the projects soon, we expect this to be a part-time position. Please see the call for proposals for the KDE Hardware integration project for more details about this contracting opportunity. # ⚓ Announcing_the_Winner_of_the_Plasma_25th_Anniversary Edition_Wallpaper_Contest⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Call_for_Hosts_for_Akademy_2022_is_now_officially published⠀⇛ Akademy 2022 is on its way and, despite the continuing pandemic, we are aiming for some in-person aspect for our next conference. For the upcoming Akademy, we are looking to host it later in 2022, as we expect travel to be a bit more attainable and safe by then. Ideal dates would be in late summer or autumn 2022, specifically late August through October. If you are interested in hosting Akademy in your city, please send a letter of intent or interest before a full bid by the middle of October 2021. In addition, we ask that you assemble a team of at least 3 people before applying. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Show_WebP_Thumbnails_In_GTK_Applications_(Nautilus, Thunar,_Etc)_Using_WebP_GDK_Pixbuf_Loader_Library⠀⇛ I was looking for a way to get WebP image thumbnails in GTK applications (especially Nautilus / GNOME Files), and most solutions I found were ‘hacky’, until I found the rather unknown WebP GDK Pixbuf Loader library. So I thought I’d write about it here on Linux Uprising, in case some of you are also interested in this. This library / WebP thumbnailer currently only supports static WebP images, but there is work to add support for animated WebP image thumbnails. o § Distributions⠀➾ # ⚓ Alpine_3.11.12,_3.12.8_and_3.13.6_released⠀⇛ The Alpine Linux project is pleased to announce the immediate availability of version 3.11.12, 3.12.8 and 3.13.6 of its Alpine Linux operating system. Those releases include fixes for apk-tools CVE- 2021-36159 and openssl CVE-2021-3711 and CVE-2021- 3712. # § Reviews⠀➾ # ⚓ ZorinOS_16_is_exactly_what_a_Linux_desktop distribution_should_be⠀⇛ Anyone. Period. That’s how good ZorinOS 16 is. It doesn’t matter what level of skill you have, ZorinOS 16 is ready to help make your desktop experience a delightful romp through the world of Linux. Since it’s based on Ubuntu 20.04.3, it includes all the usual Ubuntu user-friendliness under the hood. But don’t worry, if you are new to Linux you shouldn’t have to bother with things like the command-line interface, as the ZorinOS 16 desktop UI will hold your hand just enough to keep you from getting lost in the muck and mire better suited to the Linux devotees. ZorinOS 16 is as good a desktop operating system as you’ll find. That might sound like hyperbole, but I honestly cannot think of a desktop OS that is as beautiful as it is functional and usable. If you’re looking for a new desktop distribution to challenge what you think Linux is, give ZorinOS 16 a try and see if it doesn’t very quickly win you over. # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Lite_5.6_Released._Download_and_Upgrade_Now.⠀⇛ The team announced the release of the latest version of Linux Lite 5.6 with new improvements, programs, package updates and more. Here’s a quick recap and review. # ⚓ Nitrux_1.6_Is_Here_as_One_of_the_First_Distros_to Ship_with_Linux_Kernel_5.14,_Latest_KDE_Goodies⠀⇛ The monthly Nitrux ISO releases continue, and the Nitrux 1.6 release is here as a major update to the distribution that brings many new GNU/Linux technologies, updated apps, and lots of improvements, making Nitrux one of the best distros for home and office use. First and foremost, Nitrux 1.6 is one of the first GNU/Linux distributions out there to ship a live ISO image powered by the latest and greatest Linux 5.14 kernel series by default. Not only that, but Nitrux now supports Linux 5.4 and 5.10 LTS kernels, as well as the Linux-libre 5.10 and 5.13 kernels. # ⚓ Release_Announcement:_Nitrux_1.6.0⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce the launch of Nitrux 1.6.0. This new version brings together the latest software updates, bug fixes, performance improvements, and ready- to-use hardware support. Nitrux 1.6.0 is available for immediate download. # ⚓ elementary_OS_6_Gets_First_Post-Release_Update⠀⇛ More than 75,000 people downloaded elementary OS 6 last month. Those who installed the Ubuntu-based distro (and stuck with it) can enjoy a batch of “free fix and feature updates”, which begin rolling out to the system from September 1. Highlights within the update set include… A slew of bug fixes also feature, including patches to solve an issue causing problems when resuming elementary OS 6 from sleep; quirks while renaming files in the Files app sidebar; and the system not updating the GRUB boot loader to show newer kernels. Additionally, there are plans to update elementary OS for the Pinebook Pro and Raspberry Pi devices. These will, as before, provided as ‘early access‘ builds. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE_releases_its_first_version_of_Rancher:_Rancher 2.6⠀⇛ When SUSE acquired Rancher Labs and its popular Kubernetes management program, Rancher, the latest release of its popular Kubernetes management platform, SUSE promised it would continue to deliver 100% true open- source software with no vendor lock-in. Now, with the first release of Rancher under SUSE, Rancher 2.6, SUSE has kept its promise. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ CloudLinux_provides_extended_lifecycle_support_for CentOS_8_until_late_2025⠀⇛ CloudLinux today announced it will provide updates and support for CentOS 8 through December 31, 2025 – providing a lifeline for those systems that have just four more months of support from the CentOS community through the end of the year when CentOS reaches end- of-life. # ⚓ CloudLinux_offers_CentOS_8_users_a_support_lifeline⠀⇛ When Red Hat, CentOS’s Linux parent company, announced it was “shifting focus from CentOS Linux, the rebuild of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), to CentOS Stream,” which is essentially a beta RHEL rolling release Linux distribution, CentOS users were upset. When CentOS 8 users discovered they’d only get support until the end of 2021, instead of 2029, they were ticked off. Now, CloudLinux has come to CentOS 8 users’ rescue. # ⚓ CloudLinux_Provides_Lifeline_for_CentOS_8_with Extended_Lifecycle_Support⠀⇛ # ⚓ CloudLinux_Provides_Lifeline_for_CentOS_8_with Extended_Lifecycle_Support⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fedora_Magazine:_Getting_ready_for_Fedora_Linux⠀⇛ Why does Linux remain vastly invisible to ordinary folks who make general use of computers? This article steps through the process to move to Fedora Linux Workstation for non-Linux users. It also describes features of the GUI (Graphic User Interface) and CLI (Command Line Interface) for the newcomer. This is a quick introduction, not an in-depth course. # ⚓ SCO_vs._Linux:_IBM_to_pay_$_14.25_million [Ed: This is the second bad translation in 2 days! They make it seem like IBM basically settled with SCO.]⠀⇛ Edward Cahn, asset manager at TSG (The SCO Group) has submitted a document to the bankruptcy court of the US state of Delaware, according to which the litigation that has been smoldering since 2003 between TSG as the legal successor to the Unix producer SCO and IBM resulted in the payment of 14.25 Million dollars is ended by IBM. In return, TSG undertakes not to assert any further claims against IBM. The agreement between the two parties does not affect the claims of the Xinuos company. Under the name uniXis, TSG bought the rights and source code for the Openserver and Unixware products in 2011 with the promise to stay out of the legal dispute. The promise held until April 1, 2021, when Xinuos sued IBM. The company bought the Linux distributor Red Hat in order to be able to “harass” consumers, innovative competitors and all innovations in general. Xinuos also wants compensation because Openserver and Unixware would have been the leading Unix systems on the market until 2008. # ⚓ Cockpit_Project:_Cockpit_252⠀⇛ Cockpit is the modern Linux admin interface. We release regularly. Here are the release notes from Cockpit 252: # ⚓ [IBM_fluff]_Help_build_the_future_of_education⠀⇛ I know how fortunate I was to have had great access to education and technology from an early age. My mother was a K-6 teacher and later an administrator for the early childhood learning program, Head Start. My father was an electrical engineer (I followed in his footsteps) and later studied nights to become a college professor, ensuring that my two sisters and I had the opportunity to earn our college degrees without cost. Tagging along with them growing up, education was such a big part of our lives, and I got to spend a great deal of time in learning environments beyond my own schools. # ⚓ Linux_5.15_Addressing_Scalability_Issue_That_Caused Huge_IBM_Servers_30+_Minutes_To_Boot⠀⇛ Very large IBM mainframes/servers were taking 30+ minutes to boot the Linux kernel… No, just not for POST’ing the system with memory training and the like, but for loading Linux. Fortunately, with the Linux 5.15 kernel there is a set of scalability enhancements to allow these large IBM systems to be able to boot in around five minutes. With the driver core changes for Linux 5.15 is a set of patches working on enhancing the performance of Kernfs for functionality used around pseudo file-systems like sysfs. Leading to this Kernfs locking and concurrency improvements were engineers finding that large IBM Power mainframe systems with “several hundred CPUs and 64TB of RAM” were taking 30+ minutes to just boot the Linux kernel. Extra kernel parameters were also needed to avoid the kernel timing out on boot. # ⚓ Using_RHEL’s_Lightweight_Kiosk_Mode_in_Edge Deployments⠀⇛ Less is more. This is often the perspective behind requests we see that involve the words “light weight.” I’ve come to loosely translate this to mean, “install and/or run only the applications I care about with no fluff.” The motivation can be any number of problems around decreasing the installed footprint for security purposes, maximizing system resources, or perceived stability improvements from using less software (less to go wrong). Each of these points have their merit in any environment, but they are especially relevant in edge computing which is why we have a new means of deploying RHEL that helps tackle these concerns. # ⚓ Open_patients_and_open_researchers:_Bridging_the_next decade_of_transparency_in_healthcare⠀⇛ Today we’re launching the next video in our Open Source Stories “Common Connections” series, “Common Connections: Healthcare Made Human.” The series features scholars, CEOs, educators, and engineers coming together to find the common threads in their work, and exploring the potential for future open source innovation and building unexpected connections. “Common Connections: Healthcare Made Human” brings together Dr. Tom Delbanco, co-founder of OpenNotes, Liz Salmi, senior strategist of Research Dissemination for OpenNotes and Jan Walker, co-founder of OpenNotes who first met after appearing together in our film, “The Open Patient: Healing through sharing.” Five years after their initial meeting, the three are now working together to make their vision for greater transparency in healthcare a reality. We’ve invited the OpenNotes team to share their recollections on their initial meeting and the impact it has made on their cause. # ⚓ Finding_freedom_in_open_source:_From_translation_to managing_the_implementation_of_edge_in_the_automotive industry⠀⇛ Red Hat’s Products and Technologies organization is doing game-changing work in the IT industry. In showcasing the unique stories of Red Hatters around the world, it’s clear that there’s no one path to finding success at Red Hat. For each of us, it’s about open collaboration and building something together. # ⚓ Red_Hat_CodeReady_Containers_1.31.2_makes_the_leap_| Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Red Hat CodeReady Containers supports local development and testing on a Red Hat OpenShift cluster. We recently released CodeReady Containers 1.31.2, which is the first version based on the major OpenShift 4.8 release. The CodeReady Containers team doesn’t publicly report our advances on a regular basis, so this article is a good opportunity to learn about the biggest changes to CodeReady Containers during the past several months. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Armbian_21.08_for_Arm_boards_ships_with_latest_Linux 5.10_LTS⠀⇛ Armbian provides stable releases every four months, and Armbian 21.08 has just been released offering minimal, server or XFCE, Cinnamon and Budgie desktop Linux 5.10 LTS images for Arm boards, as well as a build system to customize your own image. If you’ve been using an Arm SBC that is NOT a Raspberry Pi board, you’ve probably been told to use Armbian, as the community is providing Debian and Ubuntu images for over 100 Arm boards that are either “Supported”, “WIP” (suitable for testing), or “CSC” (no official support, aka you’re on your own). # ⚓ Sparky_news_2021/08⠀⇛ The 8th monthly Sparky project and donate report of 2021: – Linux kernel updated up to version 5.14.0 – Added to repos: Cinerella video editor, Gammy screen brightness/temperature tool, Pinta graphics editor, Ulauncher – Sparky 6.0 “Po Tolo” released – new repos of Sparky 7 “Orion Belt” (next stable; semi-rolling/testing now) created Many thanks to all of you for supporting our open-source projects. Your donations help keeping them alive. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Mint_Monthly_News_–_August_2021⠀⇛ Many thanks to all of you for your support and for your donations. New website The new website which design was presented last month is now 75% finished. The vast majority of pages were written. Work continues on the logos, the font contrast and addressing the remaining issues. You can follow our progress on this project at https://github.com/linuxmint/website- wizixo/issues/31. We’ll deploy it on our server this month and transition our current website towards it. # ⚓ Linux_Lite_5.6_Released:_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛ The first release candidate for Linux Lite 5.6 came out back in July. After a long wait, the stable release of the same is out now, and it brings a bunch of new features and improvements. For starters, Linux Lite is a distribution that’s targeted at an audience with ancient PCs. Thanks to its lightweight nature, it can run on almost any ancient computer. Linux Lite 5.6: What’s New? The release includes an updated Help Manual for beginners. Apart from that, the Papirus icon theme has been updated. Two new features have been added to Lite Tweaks. A new model called “Pay what you want” has been introduced. # ⚓ Linux_Lite_5.6_Introduces_‘Pay_what_You_Want’_Digital Download_Model⠀⇛ Linux Lite 5.6, based on the recently released Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS is now available for download. Here’s what’s new. Linux Lite is based on Ubuntu and comes with a super lightweight Xfce desktop environment. It is specifically developed to ease Windows users and more precisely those with old machines into the world of Linux. As the name symbolizes, this is a very lightweight Linux distribution which is easy to run on ancient hardware as well. It requires both a 1.5GHz processor and at least 1GB of RAM to run smoothly. Today, Linux Lite 5.6 finally becomes available, and it is based on Ubuntu 20.04.3. Because this is a maintenance release, the updates are somewhat minimal. # ⚓ Cybersecurity_with_Ubuntu_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ The cybersecurity state of affairs can be described as too complex today. There is an enormous number of threats endangering sensitive data for the average IT team to cope with. Threats ranging from exposure of physical assets stored in an office, to “social engineering” attacks resulting in unauthorized access, or even threats that exploit obscure software vulnerabilities. Irrespective of the threat vector used in an attack, the result of a data breach can be severe; in the Colonial pipeline case operations were seriously compromised, while on an Airline hack private data and credit card information of 3.5 million customers were exposed. Despite the complex landscape and the high visibility attacks, a fraction of all organizations suffer data breaches, with some having adapted to the landscape better than others. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Blog:_Open_source_telecom_quarterly_–_new format⠀⇛ Scale and complexity brings similar challenges, big or small. Hybrid cloud, public cloud, on-prem only large datacenter or highly distributed infrastructure are all on the radar of telecom service providers. In order to meet any current or future use- cases, from OpenRAN, next generation Core (5G and beyond) or AI at the edge you need to stay up to date with the latest technology. Most of them are now coming from the open source world and as Canonical we want to make it consumable for enterprises. In this podcast/videocast you will learn the latest news from telecom space, with experts’ commentary and explanation so that you can efficiently drive innovation in your company. We are working on multiple projects with our customers and want to bring some insights to the wider community. It’s also an opportunity to get your questions answered, feel free to post them on our social media with hashtag #opensourcetelco . o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Allwinner_V833_AI_video_development_board_runs_Tina_Linux or_Melis_RTOS⠀⇛ Lindenis V833 is an AI video/camra development board based on Allwinner V833 single-core Cortex-A7 processor with a 400 MOPS AI accelerator (NPU) and running OpenWrt-based Tina Linux or Melis RTOS based on the RT-Thread kernel. The board comes with up to 3GB RAM, a MicroSD card socket, MIPI DSI, MIPI CSI, and BT1120 interfaces for video output and input, Gigabit Ethernet, 2.4 GHz WiFi, and a few other I/Os. # ⚓ i.MX8M_Plus_SBC_loads_up_on_features⠀⇛ Forlinx’s “OKMX8MP-C” SBC delivers NXP’s i.MX8M Plus via an “FETMX8MP-C SoM.” The SBC offers 2x GbE, 3x USB 3.0, HDMI 2.0, MIPI DSI/CSI, M.2, mini- PCIe, PCIe, and -40 to 85°C support. Earlier this year, China-based Forlinx introduced sandwich-style OKMX8MM-C and OKMX8MQ-C SBCs based on NXP’s i.MX8M Mini and i.MX8M Quad, respectively. Now it has launched another feature-rich, COM-and- carrier SBC built around another i.MX8 family processor. The OKMX8MP-C SBC’s FETMX8MP-C SoM is equipped with an NPU-equipped i.MX8M Plus, which we most recently saw on Ibase’s IBR215 Pico-ITX SBC. # ⚓ Tachyum_Boots_Linux_on_Emulated_FPGA-Based_Prodigy Processor⠀⇛ Tachyum, a San Jose-based start-up company promising to deliver a “universal” processor for HPC and AI computation, has today posted progress on its work and shared what the current state of the processor is. According to the company press release, the processor has successfully booted the Linux kernel on the emulated design that runs on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). With this processor called Prodigy, Tachyum wants to create a universal solution for hyperscale, HPC, and AI purposes. The current situation requires dedicated accelerators for these kinds of workloads and the solution is to use CPU in combination with a dedicated accelerator. That is what Tachym is trying to change with its Prodigy processor. According to today’s announcement by the company, we are getting the first Linux boot up on the hardware, although a slight emulation. Tachyum has booted Linux on an FPGA, meaning that it is not a real silicon implementation, but rather a close emulation of it. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Speak4Me_is_an_eye-to-speech_module_designed_to assist_those_unable_to_communicate_verbally⠀⇛ People who suffer from physical disabilities that leave them unable to speak or communicate effectively can end up frustrated or largely ignored. In response to this issue, Hackaday users Malte, Marco, and Tim R wanted to create a small device that can turn small eye movements into simple commands and phrases for easier communication, which they call the “Speak4Me.” At the most basic level, the Speak4Me consists of an Arduino Nano board that controls a set of four infrared sensors which are pointed at the user’s eye within a single glass lens. Then once every 100 milliseconds, a measurement is taken to determine the location of the pupil and thus the direction being focused on. The word or phrase is chosen by first selecting a profile containing four groups of four elements each, for a total of sixteen possible combinations per profile. As an example, the caretaker profile has elements such as “yes,” “I want to sit,” and even “I need medical treatment.” # ⚓ Rackmount_Raspberry_Pi_CM4_cluster_system_offers modular_I/O⠀⇛ Techbase’s “ClusBerry Rack” rackmount cluster system can load up to 4x hot-swap RPi CM4 modules, each with GbE, USB 2.0, micro-USB, serial, 5V, and optional PoE, M.2, and wireless. Meanwhile, the dual CM4 “ClusBerry- 2M” ships in a few weeks. In February, Techbase launched a series of ClusBerry clustering systems for the Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4, including desktop and DIN-rail models for up to 8x CM4 modules. Now, the company has unveiled a ClusBerry Rack rackmount model for up to 4x CM4 modules, each with its own set of modular I/Os. # ⚓ Automated_IoT_Indoor_Hydroponic_Farm_Using_Quantum Integration_|_The_DIY_Life⠀⇛ In this project, we’re going to be building an automated IoT indoor hydroponic farm using the Quantum Integration system. We’re going to try to automate the grow house so that the flood cycles and grow light timing happen automatically, all we’ll need to do is keep an eye on the nutrient solution level. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ How_to_force_stop_a_rogue_Android_app_on_your Chromebook⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Android_12_lets_you_control_your_phone_with facial_gestures_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Galaxy_S21_Android_12_groundwork_laid_by_Samsung_| Trusted_Reviews⠀⇛ # ⚓ We’re_finally_beginning_to_get_Android_11_and_ARCVM in_Canary_on_more_Chromebooks⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_11_update_for_the_Nokia_5.4_starts_rolling out_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ What_to_Do_if_Your_Android_Phone’s_Proximity_Sensor Stops_Working⠀⇛ # ⚓ Flubot_scam_now_mimicking_Australia_Post_deliveries for_Android_mobile_phone_users_|_7NEWS⠀⇛ # ⚓ Synamedia_integrates_with_Android_TV_–_Digital_TV Europe⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_new_super_high-end_Android_TV_laser_projector has_a_super_high_price_too⠀⇛ # ⚓ haier_s8_series_tv:_Haier_launches_‘S8_Series’_4K smart_LED_Android_TVs_starting_at_Rs_1,10,990_–_Times of_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Pixel_5a_review:_“Which_Android_phone_should_I buy?”_This_one_|_Ars_Technica⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Adds_Presearch_As_A_Default_Option_on_Android Devices_in_EU⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Gameboy?_New_Console_Sports_Retro_Form_Factor |_Tom’s_Hardware⠀⇛ # ⚓ Chrome_for_Android_dark_theme_is_now_slightly_darker –_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_X20_gets_first_Android_12_beta_build_– GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_update_tracker:_Early_info_we_know_so far⠀⇛ # ⚓ [Update:_Sept._01]_Xiaomi_Android_11_update_bugs_& issues_tracker:_Here’s_the_current_status⠀⇛ # ⚓ NVIDIA_SHIELD_TV_Android_10_update_is_never_going_to happen_–_SlashGear⠀⇛ # ⚓ Synamedia_launches_pre-integrated_security_and business_solutions_for_Android_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_may_beat_Apple_with_its_next_blockbuster Android_upgrade_|_Express.co.uk⠀⇛ # ⚓ iPhone_13:_80%_of_Android_users_are_not_interested_— here’s_why_|_Laptop_Mag⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_secure_is_your_Android_phone?⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ MailSlurper:_a_lightweight_open-source_email_server_and client⠀⇛ MailSlurper is a lightweight SMTP mail server and a client solution for geeks, teams, developers and hackers. It offers a responsive user-interface which works smoothly on desktop browsers as well as small screen navigators. MailSlurper is developed by Adam Presley who generously released it to the world for free as an open-source project. # ⚓ Apache_Month_in_Review:_August_2021⠀⇛ Welcome to the latest monthly overview of events from the Apache community. Here’s a summary of what happened in August… # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Introducing_UbuCon_Asia_2021:_The_First_Ubuntu Conference_in_Asia_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ UbuCon or Ubuntu Conference is an event organized by the Ubuntu Communities. This event is for everyone who is involved and interested in Ubuntu, Linux, and other Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) technologies. This year, UbuCon Asia will be held and organized by Ubuntu Communities and FOSS communities in Asia. UbuCon Asia is also a place for Ubuntu people from Asia to connect, learn, and share their knowledge with each other. # ⚓ LibreOffice_Conference_2021⠀⇛ LibreOffice Conference will open on September 23 at noon CEST and will close on September 25 at 5:30PM CEST. The schedule has been finalized, and is available at the following link: https://events.documentfoundation.org/ libocon2021/schedule/. Of course, we may have last minute changes until September 12, when the schedule will be frozen. Sometime after that date, the schedule will also be available on Android mobiles (we will announce the availability of the app on Google Play and F-Droid in due time). # ⚓ Linaro_Virtual_Connect_–_Fall_2021⠀⇛ September’s busy conference schedule kicks off next week with the Fall edition of Linaro Virtual Connect. Join us for a look at how to master your PipeWire streams with WirePlumber, and de-mystify GFX virtualization with VirGL! Taking place entirely online from September 8-10, the event “brings together developers and maintainers of both hardware and software to discuss and learn about the leading software topics, challenges and opportunities in the Arm Ecosystem today”. Among the 70+ technical keynotes and sessions are two from Collabora’s George Kiagiadakis and Gert Wollny! Here’s a look at what they will be discussing. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_finally_makes_tabs_better_in_Chrome⠀⇛ Google Chrome users will see a new update available in the form of version 93, bringing more refinements to tab groups while dropping support for Ubuntu 16.04. While there’s smaller features coming to Chrome in this update, there’s welcome changes that make it even easier to manage tabs, alongside a new context menu on iOS. However, with browsers such as Opera appearing on Google’s own Chrome OS operating system for Chromebooks, ready for students to use, it’s time for Google to see whether Chrome’s reputation for being a battery hog can finally be vanquished. # ⚓ Why_I_Suddenly_Deleted_Google_Chrome_Years_Ago –_Invidious⠀⇛ Recently Google Chrome ran a test for their new privacy friendly user tracking known as FLoC or federated cohort of learning shich certainly doesn’t make browser fingerprinting vastly easier. # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Mozilla_VPN_Completes_Independent_Security Audit_by_Cure53 [Ed: Sort of misses_the_point. So who handles this data of Firefox users? ]⠀⇛ Today, Mozilla published an independent security audit of its Mozilla VPN, which provides encryption and device- level protection of your connection and information when you are on the Web, from Cure53, an unbiased cybersecurity firm based in Berlin with more than 15 years of running software testing and code auditing. Mozilla periodically works with third-party organizations to complement our internal security programs and help improve the overall security of our products. During the independent audit, there were two medium and one high severity issues that were discovered. We have addressed these in this blog post and published the security audit report. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL:_Install_a_local,_non-root_PostgreSQL Server_with_Python_“pip”⠀⇛ I’d like to announce the first release of postgresql-wheel, a Python package containing an entire compiled PostgreSQL server in a single pip installable file. # ⚓ PostgreSQL:_Psycopg_3.0_beta_1_released!⠀⇛ We are immensely proud to release on PyPI the first beta package of Psycopg 3! Psycopg 3 is a complete rewrite of Psycopg 2, maintaining the same fundamental libpq wrapper architecture and DB-API interface design, but exposing new features to better work with the newer versions of Python and PostgreSQL. On the Python side, Psycopg 3 allows the use of asyncio-based concurrency and static typing. Many improvement to the Python interface make the library much simpler and more idiomatic to use, On the PostgreSQL side, Psycopg 3 makes use of server-side parameters, prepared statements, binary parameters, and great support for COPY operations. But the most outstanding feature of the project is not a technical one: Psycopg 3 was made possible by the great generosity of many sponsors, who have funded the development of the project. Among the many backers, we are especially grateful to Postgres Professional and Command Prompt, Inc, which have given the most outstanding support. But many other companies and individuals, each one in their capacity, have shown concrete support for free software development and progress. We sincerely hope that you will find this work useful and that you will feel proud for having contributed to it. # ⚓ PostgreSQL_Weekly_News_–_August_29,_2021⠀⇛ pg_dbms_job 1.0.1, an extension to create, manage and use Oracle-style DBMS_JOB scheduled jobs, released. dbMigration .NET v14.4, a database migration and sync tool, released. WAL-G 1.1 a backup management system for PostgreSQL and other databases written in Go, released. pglogical 2.4.0, a logical-WAL-based replication system for PostgreSQL, released. Crunchy PostgreSQL Operator 5.0.0, a system for deploying and managing open source PostgreSQL clusters on Kubernetes, released. set_user 2.0.1, an extension allowing privilege escalation with enhanced logging and control, released AGE 0.5.0, a PostgreSQL extension that provides graph database functionality, released pg_msvc_generator 1.0.0 beta, a tool for making Windows versions of extensions, released. # ⚓ PostgreSQL:_pg_dbms_job_v1.1.0_has_been_released⠀⇛ pg_dbms_job is a PostgreSQL extension to create, manage and use Oracle-style DBMS_JOB scheduled job. The use and behavior is just like with the DBMS_JOB Oracle package. pg_dbms_job v1.1.0 has been released, this is a maintenance release to fix some possible wrong behaviors, give control over other ones and improve the documentation. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ LibreOffice_7.2_review_–_A_turning_point?⠀⇛ What can I say? LibreOffice 7.2 feels better than its predecessor, but then, it feels like an entirely self-made situation. You have a sub-par release, with lots of bugs and problems, so when these get fixed in a new version, one can perceive these as progress or improvement. Which is true, but it also doesn’t take away from the fact none of these issues should have existed in the first place. The new suite does bring some goodies to the table – better Microsoft format support, more visual consistency. However, it’s also significantly more sluggish, and the support for the non-native formats is average at best. You may be lucky and get a file to display correctly, after a while, or it may look totally messed up. These aren’t strong selling points, I must say. Do they give me the functionality I need, and thus independence from Microsoft Office? Nope. Quite the opposite. Overall, LibreOffice 7.2 is okay, and I’d like to hope it will be an upward trajectory from here on. But the road to where it needs to be – providing an ubiquitous solution to everyday office requirements – is long and twisty. And thus we conclude this article. # ⚓ ONLYOFFICE_Docs_6.4_Arrives_with_New_Scaling Options⠀⇛ The popular open source office suite ONLYOFFICE Docs 6.4 is now available for the download. Here’s what’s new. We all have used Microsoft Office at some point in our lives. Fortunately, there are various free and open-source alternatives available. Among these is ONLYOFFICE, which is a business-class productivity platform designed for internal team collaboration. It is great application which includes three of the most widely used editors: # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ Kiwi_TCMS:_Win_6_SUPERFAN_tickets_for_HackConf_2021⠀⇛ HackConf is one of the premium developer conferences in Bulgaria. Over the years Kiwi TCMS and HackConf have collaborated multiple times and our history goes way back to before the first edition of the conference! We’re happy to announce that Kiwi TCMS will be giving away 6 SUPERFAN tickets for HackConf 2021 in order to celebrate their 6th anniversary! # ⚓ shellCMS_now_has_external_CSS_file⠀⇛ A limitation is that the static web pages are built with inline CSS, so if I want to change the CSS then have to regenerate all of the pages. Ditto, there is some text at the footer of each page that I would like to separate out to another file, so can change if desired and not have to rebuild all the pages. # § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ August_GNU_Spotlight_with_Mike_Gerwitz:_13_new_GNU releases!⠀⇛ 13 new GNU releases in the last month (as of August 29, 2021): diffutils-3.8 gcc-11.2 glibc-2.34 gnunet-0.15.3 gnupg-2.3.2 grep-3.7 help2man-1.48.5 mailutils-3.13 mcron-1.2.1 mtools-4.0.35 mygnuhealth-1.0.4 parallel-20210822 taler-0.8 # ⚓ Bash_Echo_Command_Explained_With_Examples_In_Linux⠀⇛ As a beginner when you start working with Bash scripts, the first command you will probably learn and use is the echo command. You can think of bash echo command something similar to the print command in other programming languages. The echo command is a bash built-in and its purpose is to print the output to stdout (i.e. Terminal). # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Qt_6.1.3_Released⠀⇛ I am happy to announce that we have released the Qt 6.1.3 today. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ ‘You_remind_me_of_my_mom’:_How_older_workers_get_sidelined_in tech⠀⇛ One day after work, Karen Wickre’s colleagues at Google headed out for a night of karaoke. But that was the last thing she wanted to do. It wasn’t because she didn’t think it sounded like fun — it would give her a chance to get to know her co-workers, and socializing after work is still technically work. But Wickre was one of the oldest on her team, and her idea of fun just wasn’t the same as theirs. “I did go along and was a good sport about it — and looked forward to it being over,” she said jokingly. But Wickre added that management should be careful about sanctioned post-work “fun,” since a lot of it isn’t very inclusive. “There might be single moms who can’t stay after work, or somebody with a disability who can’t do whatever the fun physical game is.” o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Microsoft_Azure_Cosmos_DB_Vulnerability_Allows ‘Manipulation’_of_Customer_Data:_Report⠀⇛ # ⚓ Fortune_500_Firm_Drops_Microsoft_For_CrowdStrike After_Attack⠀⇛ A Fortune 500 company ditched Microsoft’s security products and deployed CrowdStrike’s managed detection and response (MDR) platform after suffering a crippling ransomware attack. # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ ZutaCore_Joins_the_Open19_Foundation [Ed: Linux Foundation openwashing for Microsoft's mass surveillance and espionage operations (people farming)]⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Wednesday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by CentOS (bind, GNOME, hivex, kernel, and sssd), Debian (gpac and squashfs- tools), Fedora (c-ares and openssl), openSUSE (dovecot23), Oracle (bind, hivex, kernel, and sssd), Red Hat (kernel), Scientific Linux (bind, hivex, kernel, libsndfile, libX11, and sssd), Slackware (ntfs), SUSE (dovecot23), and Ubuntu (ntfs-3g). o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Afghanistan_Chaos_and_What_Comes_Next_with_Tom_Luongo⠀⇛ Whitney is joined by Tom Luongo to discuss his recent analyses of the chaos in Afghanistan, what it means for international geopolitics and the future of Biden’s presidency going forward. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ My_T-Mobile_Home_Internet_device_arrived_today._Comcrap gets_the_boot._(It’s_Comcrapstic!)⠀⇛ Well, it’s been a week since my landlord weed whacked my Comcast line. He said I could have them fix it but he’d remove it again if he didn’t like how they put it back in, so instead of escalating the argument, I decided to let it go and get T-Mobile’s home internet plan. Even in my basement apartment, I’m able to get a 3/ 5 bar signal strength and RSRP of 100-102 at what appears to be the ideal part of my basement apartment, which is in the middle of the picture window. I checked with both the device and my cell phone, which is also using T-Mobile, to scout out various areas of my home, to see if there were any surprises. Hell, if I could make it go a little faster by planting it on the refrigerator, I would… Alas, T-Mobile was correct that the optimal spot is somewhere in or near a window. On promo, they offered home internet for $50 a month, equipment included, with a promise that the cost would never go up for the life of the account. They said it was for the “inconvenience” of having to wait a while for my modem to ship, but in the end it only took 6 days from placing the order to getting their “trash can” modem, made by Nokia apparently. (Trash can is what people on Reddit call it, because it looks a lot like those trash can Mac Pros.) [...] Meanwhile, Google uses a DRM called Widevine. You notice a pattern with the Sandvines and the Widevines. They’re like kudzu vines for the internet. A noxious, pestilent weed that insists on killing the entire forest until nothing can ever grow there again. Such is the modern web. I went and stood in line to return Comcast’s “free” Flex streaming box to avoid a “$500 fee” on my last bill (when everyone has a streaming box for $30- 50.). It wasn’t even good and the power management on it sucked. It never even turned itself off, so it would just keep playing even if the TV went off, and it would sit there using at least enough juice to stay warm all the time. Bet that’s great for their carbon footprint. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Chairman_Preparatory_Committee_is_hopeful_start Unified_Patent_Court_will_not_be_delayed_by_Brexit complications [Ed: Chronic liar [1, 2] gets yet more puff pieces from “Kluwer Patent blogger” (probably Bristows, i.e. Team UPC)]⠀⇛ Recruitment of judges and top officials of the Unified Patent Court, training of staff and work on the CMS are some of the tasks that lay ahead now that the Period of Provisional Application of the UPC is approaching. Alexander Ramsay, chairman of the UPC Preparatory Committee, has said this in an interview with Kluwer IP Law. Ramsay said that the problems which have risen due to the Brexit need to be dealt with by the State Parties in accordance with international law. He is “hopeful that this can be done in a pragmatic way that will avoid any further delay.” # ⚓ Made_in_Düsseldorf_and_Munich:_the_quest_for reliability [Ed: Journalism or PR/advertising? It's worth noting that over 90% of the "media" which covers patents is hijacked, captured, infiltrated by the patent litigation 'industry' and monopolists that are the largest clients, treating lawsuits like "good business" and patents like "public goods".]⠀⇛ It was not just a question of sucession. This week, Bérénice Thom was appointed presiding judge of Patent Chamber 4a. She follows Tim Crummenerl, after his move to the Federal Court of Justice in April. The three presiding judges of Düsseldorf Regional Court’s patent chambers used Thom’s appointment to make a clear statement. From now on, proceedings will no longer differ between the three chambers. “We can do without the early first hearing for economic and ecological reasons,” says Daniel Voss, presiding judge of Chamber 4b, in an interview with JUVE Patent. “We want uniform procedural management of all three patent chambers.” Unlike in the Munich Procedure, for example, judges and parties used this hearing to clarify administrative rather than substantive issues. In future, the proceedings are to be uniformly faster and more efficient. Abolishing this early hearing means lawyers will have one less hearing to attend. The court has thereby responded to a frequently expressed wish from the legal community. [...] It also speaks volumes that Munich is the only German first-instance patent court to see an increase in filings. As a result, the court recently established a third patent chamber. # ⚓ User_survey_on_oral_proceedings_by_VICO_in_opposition [Ed: Only after EPO_management_broke_the_law and attacked the courts it bothers asking what people think about it. It’s like EPO “Mafia” basically asks, “hey, we’ve managed to attack the courts into saying OK to what’s illegal. How do you like that, folks?”]⠀⇛ Today the EPO is launching a user survey on its pilot project for oral proceedings by videoconference (VICO) before EPO opposition divisions. You can submit your comments in English, French or German until 30 September 2021. Gathering feedback from the patent profession and other users has proven crucial to the success of the pilot project to date. So we sincerely hope you will take this opportunity to share your experiences of oral proceedings by VICO in opposition to date and your expectations. The pilot project was launched back in May 2020. Since 1 January 2021, when the consent of all parties was no longer required for oral proceedings to be held by VICO in opposition, over 2 300 proceedings have taken place online. # § Trademarks⠀➾ # ⚓ Turkish_Patent_And_Trademark_Office_No_Longer_Allows Recording_A_Representative_To_IR_Applications⠀⇛ Turkish Patent and Trademark Office’s (“TPTO”) online system no longer allows recording a trademark attorney as a representative to the IR applications designated to Turkey. The applicants are still going to be represented by trademark attorneys during the course of opposition and other proceedings; however, the communication on the IR applications is going to be carried through WIPO. Industrial Property Law numbered 6769 (“IP Law”) introduced a non-use defense tool within the scope of opposition proceedings. In opposition proceedings based on similarity, where the opponent’s trademark has been registered for at least five years, TPTO is entitled to ask (at the applicant’s request) for proof of the use, as of the filing date or date of priority of the later trademark application. The applicant is required to raise this defense by filing a response against the opposition within one month that follows the notification on the opposition. Non-use defense can only be raised at this phase and not responding the opposition causes loss of the right of raising this defense. # ⚓ Appointed_Person_considers_status_of_international trade_marks_in_the_UK_post_BREXIT⠀⇛ In an interesting decision (O/557/21) rendered following an appeal against a decision of an Hearing Officer of the UK Intellectual Property Office (UK IPO), the Appointed Person upheld the Hearing Officer’s decision ((O/474/20) and declared the appellant’s trade mark invalid on the basis of a likelihood of confusion between the marks at issue. In particular, the declaration of invalidity could be based on a prior international trade mark, even if the decision concerning the declaration of invalidity was given after the United Kingdom had left the European Union. The Appointed Person also considered that the goods in question (therapeutic blankets) were similar to bedding blankets. [...] The appellant had submitted that the Hearing Officer should have found that the goods covered by Gravity Products LLC’s mark were dissimilar to those covered by the earlier trade marks, rather than considering that they possessed a medium degree of similarity. The question before the Appointed Person was whether a therapeutic blanket was similar to straightforward bedding used to cover a bed and keep a person warm. The Hearing Officer had highlighted the different purposes to which the two goods would be put (therapeutic rather than bed covering) and the fact that the therapeutic blankets might have additional properties and be made of different materials. The Hearing Officer had also held that there would be different trade channels. She had further suggested that users of the goods were likely to overlap, in that both types of blankets could be used by members of the general public but that they were not in competition or complimentary to each other. The Appointed Person considered that the Hearing Officer had gone too far: a “conventional” blanket could never serve as a substitute for a weighted blanket. Where a weighted blanket was used, it would be used instead of a conventional bed covering. For instance, if a weighted blanket was added to an existing blanket arrangement at least one of the conventional blankets would be removed; that is, it would have been replaced by the weighted blanket. Accordingly, there is some competition between the goods even if it is limited and only going one way. This means, in respect of this factor, that the similarity would be slightly greater between the goods than suggested by the Hearing Officer. All this said, the Appointed Person concluded that the Hearing Officer had considered the right factors and her factual assessments were sound as she had assessed the distinctions made by the appellant in relation to the differences between the goods. Accordingly, the Hearing Officer was entitled to reach the conclusion that she did. The appeal was thus dismissed. # ⚓ IPKat_in_conversation_with_Mr._Daren_Tang,_Director General_of_WIPO:_“We_are_on_the_cusp_of_something different”⠀⇛ Mr. Tang—Yes, IPOS looks at IP not simply from the legal point of view, which is important, of course, but from a broader perspective. The ultimate purpose of IP is to change people’s lives for the better, help people grow their businesses, improve society, and contribute to national economic development. Stated otherwise, we wanted to connect IP to the greater ecosystem, of which it is a part. Maybe this view reflects my background as an economist masquerading as a lawyer, where I chaired the IP aspects of several multilateral trade negotiations. There, I saw how more and more countries see the connection between IP and commerce and finance more broadly, and to look to IP as an important engine of social and economic growth. [...] Mr. Tang– Overall, the reaction has been positive, both at WIPO and among its member states. When I was on the road during the selection process for the new Director General, I was struck by the positive reaction to the call to take WIPO to a broader audience and make it more relevant in our daily lives, in addition to the excellent work that it does at the more technical level of IP rights. Ultimately, what helps make WIPO more relevant will be exciting for the organization and its members. The challenge is how to implement this vision of IP on the ground to these broader audiences. # ⚓ Polish_companies_willingly_protect_trademarks_and industrial_designs_in_the_European_Union [Ed: In 2021, instead of journalism we have lawyers editorialising their marketing pitch and we're supposed to think we're being informed]⠀⇛ Despite the pandemic, statistics from the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) indicate a growing interest in the EU trademark and industrial design protection system. In 2020, the EUIPO received 176,987 applications for EU trademark (EUTM), which is a record number and an increase of more than 10% compared to 2019. In the case of community designs (RCDs), the annual increase in the number of applications was at a lower level – 3.62%, with 111,598 applications in 2020. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6717 ➮ Generation completed at 02:52, i.e. 141 seconds to (re)generate ⟲