𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Thursday, September 23, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Fri 24 Sep 02:40:07 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmWeVT3WPnEgrznV9jLtoyGa5UDHpbqvCDpFqwuPKnej6m QmbaP7TZ7mUw8pw3WX69cx9hqp8d55jJqWB83KGsmqW96k QmVBf9Bmz3JivTW38Gq44pXRkh6W4noQBtoFameFgXZ8DU QmWGNG7373TNKDtEYo1q57qkgigkeBH51AH8LfDuQhET94 Qmd1j5aPQfEXy7BPbGLFEauDF57nERBXCoCyByfVV29jwD QmQArT4hGt9DGbzeQe46houAtDEoRgo6yuyQNTYhu4fUWa QmRQrMxBHfwwYFakm7kaFrHCGe51siakxNU6w9Z1SnmmSD QmcMxMu1mpdqgj3DsyKreqYUhQWgSSuXM2hkpD8u5qhFQx QmUnQ1KgLk5TqpmioRpKSTQMgTjk8uPKTKhNxDBwtV545z QmUPLCS39mA6XaZmdzwh1WbF8ry8hiVAzuaf4P9A1AmKbd QmNdAU6bFwZMUbnvK1m3e7aSwoHNFY97JdqWjpMVzvVT6V QmSDxEDkdmunKoZmMNVwhKaEKpJYVPqrdqPnbEGhNadE9g QmU3Cc6hMhpsNzFQ82J5uqhtgrCrh67mKLmWhYadentK2o QmQacCjdmHDTi18CHZHhTZoQaq1qFiasj5iWoMZ8Fehf5q QmPWMxYuC9jpqYMEsNWeqP6frZMUpZi99XXbWkJNBJUKoi QmVJRjPH1YsZzKy3abfyBSCWdBy7Pfm7cEB8d1g1cQQyfd QmNUSEXDbUxbW6m6ooyVZNdN7ZyhMjh1q1VNUXyw4WUQ3i QmXigVXDZA7wuFXWn1ieyB6Z3Vz1jBDVuLsbFcmJW29g7k QmPEfsYcyS2TDHQVY6rC6oShWGQQA9zzKSLEsWg34fRiPT QmZvjyhZs3sJdozDCTLX1fbmAMdwoGgJqcPT97hYdb4eS8 QmP3ZqUhWLtsoNk9e1XZbKMU4hB7Z4XET8rdm3utr2x9y9 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ [Meme] Bill Gates Keeps Digging Himself Deeper in the Grave Each Time He Speaks | Techrights ⦿ As Expected, Minimal Pseudo Compliance From EPO Management, Adding Insult to Injury | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Lowering the Standards... | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] President Campinos Addresses the Legacy of Battistelli’s “Strike Regulations” | Techrights ⦿ Gemini HTTP/HTML/Web Proxies and Self-Hosting Your Own Proxy | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, September 22, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ Linux Foundation and Other ’Diploma Mills’ Say There’s Demand for Their Products in Their New ‘Research’ (Marketing) | Techrights ⦿ The EPO is on the Run (Escaping Negative Press Coverage) | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] The EPO’s Carte Blanche and ’Diplomatic Immunity’ Card | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/bill-gates-he-is-dead/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-arrogance/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-standards/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-strike-regulations-meme/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/gemini-proxies-survey/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/irc-log-220921/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/lf-diploma-mill-and-narrative-control-by-fake-research/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/paying-to-avoid-negative-press-coverage/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/the-epo-card/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/gnu-parallel/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/midnightbsd-2-1/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/poettering-tpm/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 73 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/bill-gates-he-is-dead/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/bill-gates-he-is-dead/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Bill_Gates_Keeps_Digging_Himself_Deeper_in_the_Grave_Each_Time_He Speaks⠀✐ Posted in Bill_Gates, Deception at 4:43 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Related: Speaking_Through_Spokespeople_is_a_Sign_of_Weakness,_Such_as_Non- Denying_and_False_Denials_(or:_Bill_Gates_Never_Denied_His_Connections_to_MIT Through_Jeffrey_Epstein) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gates_and_Trump:_'Well,_he's_dead.'_General_Mark_Milley Apologises_for_enabling_racist_Trump_Template⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gates_NPR_interview⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Gates_NPR⦈_ Summary: These sorts of ‘interviews’ with Gates’ own propaganda mills (he_also pays_Twitter_now) aren’t going to improve his image; people aren’t infinitely gullible (Source) ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡡⠄⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢢⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⢀⣤⣭⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡶⣶⣶⣶⢰⣶⡆⣦⡄⣤⣤⡄⣤⣤⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠉⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣿⣏⡁⣿⡿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠲⠘⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⢸⣿⡏⠁⣿⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⡄⡠⣄⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠋⠘⠛⠋⠘⠻⠿⠇⠿⠿⠇⠿⠷⢶⡶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣆⣸⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣻⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⣿⣧⢈⠌⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣿⡇⣶⣶⡆⣶⢦⣶⣶⣦⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣄⢠⣤⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⠈⣁⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠸⣿⣶⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⣀⣤⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⡄⠉⠸⣿⣮⡙⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣉⠁⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⡟⣿⡇⠀⢸⡇⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⣇⡀⠀⢰⣾⢻⣿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⣸⣿⠛⢸⣿⣹⣿⢸⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠃⠀⠈⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⠃⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⢹⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢧⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣾⣻⣻⣭⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠈⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣙⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣳⣻⣹⣜⣿⣿⣟⡯⢻⢹⢋⠟⣿⢷⢻⡸⣟⢻⣿⢸⡼⣷⡟⡟⣿⣿⣏⢿⡟⡟⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣽⣯⣾⣇⣧⣮⣷⣽⣆⣧⣿⣟⣇⣏⣿⣻⣹⣽⣫⣿⢧⡟⣏⢽⢹⣟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣼⣷⣝⣇⣎⣦⣻⣸⣭⣿⣹⣧⣯⣟⣿⢣⡕⡟⢟⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⣿⡟⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣏⠹⡋⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣦⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢀⣶⠇⠀⠸⡿⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⢻⠋⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣆⠀⠀⠀⠁⢰⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣿⠠⠀⠠⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⡿⠀⠠⢿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣀⢰⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠀⠜⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⢀⠀⣹⣿⠇⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣷⣠⣴⣾⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣏⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⣿⣿⣦⠀⠈⠛⣿⠟⢻⡟⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠿⠆⠀⠀⢸⡏⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⢀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⢩⣿⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⣦⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣦⣄⣼⠃⢀⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠆⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣀⣠⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⡛⠟⣾⣿⣿⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠋⠉⠉⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⡿⠃⣰⡏⠀⠉⠉⠛⢷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠠⠶⣿⣿⠍⣙⣗⢀⣿⣿⣿⣾⣤⡄⠛⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠷⠀⠀⢨⡇⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠁⠀⢿⣦⠀⢃⠀⣴⡀⠙⠆⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣦⣘⠰⣏⣀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⢸⣷⣄⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣴⣶⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣦⡿⡏⠘⠃⠀⢰⣷⣶⡄⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣝⢂⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣜⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠾⣿⠏⠉⢈⣿⡿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⠟⠛⠀⣸⡇⢹⡿⠉⠁⠀⠙⠂⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠸⠀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠋⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢰⣧⡀⣀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣤⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣶⣿⡟⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠐⢿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⡍⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣇⠀⠀⠉⣿⠟⠛⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠟⠙⠛⠀⠀⠘⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⠀⣶⢶⡆⣶⡶⢰⡆⣦⢠⣤⢥⣤⣤⠀⣤⡄⢠⡄⠀⢀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣉⣭⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⣿⢲⡆⣿⠷⣼⣿⣿⣾⡷⢸⡿⣿⢸⡟⣿⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⣾⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⡏⠄⣿⣷⣿⡗⣿⣶⣶⢰⣶⠀⣶⠾⣶⣹⡆⠀⣤⣤⢠⣤⣬⢩⣽⣟⢲⡖⢆⣀⣀⢀⣀⡀⢀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⠀⠙⠛⠃⠛⠛⠛⢘⡟⣿⠷⡾⠇⠿⠾⠟⠿⠾⢷⠀⢼⣿⡟⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢰⣿⠒⢸⡿⡀⢰⣿⣿⢸⣷⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣏⣿⢸⣏⣿⢸⡇⢹⡿⣿⣟⢻⣟⠿⠀⠀ ⣧⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡆⣶⠿⣵⣶⣄⣤⣤⡄⠀⣤⣤⢠⡄⣤⢀⣀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣀⡠⢀⡁⠉⠈⠉⠀⠉⠈⠨⠥⣿⣼⣿⣟⣛⠛⠛⢛⣜⣣⣧⠸⠏⠿⠾⠇⡀⠻⠿⠟⠿⢧⠻⣿⡿⢺⣯⣿⢸⣧⣿⣇⣿⣏⢰⣝⣿⠀⠀ ⠟⠁⠀⠈⠛⠉⠀⣿⠖⣿⢻⡿⣿⢿⡇⠀⣿⡷⣸⣷⣿⣸⣿⡇⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣼⣇⣿⠻⠆⠀⣿⣻⡎⣿⣿⢡⣶⣶⣴⣾⣽⣶⣦⢶⣦⡄⢨⣥⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠉⠉⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠛⠞⠃⠿⠸⠇⠀⠿⠶⠿⠻⠿⢿⢻⣷⣿⣿⡟⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣸⡇⣭⣽⣿⣙⣿⣆⢸⡿⠀⠀⣿⡇⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠉⠉⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠙⠋⠛⠋⠘⠛⠙⠛⠋⠘⠇⠀⠀⠿⠀⠿⠿⠇⠿⣿⠇⣿⢻⢿⡇⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠤⠤⠀⣀⠀⠀⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⡀⡤⣄⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠄⠠⠤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⢤⡠⠤⠀⢠⣄⣀⠀⢠⠄⠤⠀⠀⠐⣶⡀⢀⡤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⠈⠀⠴⣤⣀⣀⣺⡛⣀⣐⣚⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣷⣝⣿⠛⣦⣼⢿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⠛⢛⣋⣋⣹⣭⣭⣯⣿⣿⣤⣄⣀⣉⣙⣿⣿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣴⡿⢶⣾⡧⣒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠲⣖⣲⠤⠼⣯⠽⣋⣙⢿ ⠖⠓⣀⠀⠉⣛⡛⠿⠛⠻⢿⡿⣿⡿⠏⢿⢿⣿⣿⡏⢁⠉⢛⣄⣠⠾⠗⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣶⣤⠠⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⠖⠀⡀⢘⣷⣶⡦⢀⡀⢙⡛⠞⠛⢼⣯⣿⣿ ⠖⢛⣿⣟⠁⠴⠾⠿⣿⣿⠿⠒⠷⠀⠠⣤⠄⣶⡶⠒⢋⣥⣬⣥⣤⡤⠤⣈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠉⣠⠈⠛⣿⠄⠈⠩⠶⠗⠶⠾⠿⠿⠷⠦⠀⠁⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⡐⠦⠌ ⠂⢼⣿⣿⣯⠍⢰⡄⢩⣭⣿⣯⣽⣷⠶⠯⠄⠠⠛⠃⠐⢖⡈⠉⣹⣿⣿⠛⣉⡟⢋⣉⣉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣬⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣺⣿⡟⢢⡏⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣶⣿⣶⣾⣧⡴⣀⣢⠄⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀ ⠛⠲⣟⣉⡉⠷⠮⠏⣀⠈⠩⠉⠭⣟⣴⣶⡒⠀⠠⠄⠈⢉⣳⣟⢋⣛⡏⠛⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣤⣬⡄⠙⣻⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣴⣿⣷⡒⠀⠀⠁ ⡀⢤⣾⣯⣭⠲⠤⠩⣥⠀⠒⢀⣀⣙⠧⠈⠉⣍⡀⠐⠶⠶⣤⣤⣌⣀⣀⣀⣀⡈⢻⣿⣿⡟⣀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⡉⢹⣿⣿⣛⣒⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣼⡷⠦⠈⠂ ⣃⡀⠐⠶⠤⡭⠀⠐⠿⢉⣥⣄⠈⠀⠘⠋⢉⡉⣿⠑⠛⠂⡉⠀⠈⠙⠻⠿⠉⠉⢩⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠁⣠⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠟⢻⣍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣿⣤⣀ ⣿⣇⣉⡀⠄⠀⠐⠶⢯⣄⣭⣟⠷⠀⢀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣾⠛⠀⠀⣿⣟⠉⡥⠦⢚⠫⣤⠒⠓⢠⡉⠈⠉⠉⠁⢀⡀⠀⠤⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⡿⠉⢽ ⣐⠋⠻⠯⠶⠾⠻⠍⢉⣁⣈⡛⠒⠒⢈⡿⠵⣾⣌⠁⣨⠟⠉⣬⣉⡙⠛⠃⣄⡀⠈⠉⢶⣿⣿⣤⣬⣙⣋⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠿⠿⠿⢿⡷ ⠃⠀⠲⠗⣒⣀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⠶⠀⠀⠀⢒⢲⣴⣲⣧⣤⣤⣥⣼⣷⣶⣶⣾⣧⣀⡀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣹⣯⠙⣃⣈⠩⠟⣶⣶⣿⢛⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢶⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠙⠢⠆⠠ ⠁⠀⠀⠉⢀⣵⡖⠀⠀⡉⣀⡠⠭⢟⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⢛⣽⢟⣵⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠄⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀ ⢀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠉⠀⢀⡴⠛⠋⠉⣠⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣍⡛⠀⠉⠨⠋⢵⠟⣡⠞⠋⣩⣾⣿⣿⠿⠷⣶⠆⠀⡂⠀⠀ ⠒⣤⠤⠀⠀⢶⣀⣐⣖⠘⠛⢛⣿⣿⣻⠝⠊⠡⣑⠠⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣟⡓⠯⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠚⠥⢒⣨⣽⣿⣿⣿⣥⣈⣉⠁⠠⠭⠅⠀ ⠢⠴⠶⠿⠲⠾⢿⡋⠉⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣌⣁⠘⢿⠶⠾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠛⠯⠥⠄⣈⡑⠢⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡡⠴⠀⠀ ⠥⠄⢱⣶⠷⠆⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⣁⣈⣭⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣥⣍⣀⣁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠓⠒⠶⠦⠬⢥⣄⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⢠⣤ ⣶⣿⣉⣓⣒⠳⢦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⡀⠀⣐⠖⠋⢩⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣞⣛⣛⣟⣛⠒⠒⠂⠀⠒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢒⠒⠲⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠬ ⣿⣿⣤⣾⣛⣁⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⣸⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣉⣙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣰ ⠩⢛⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣯⣽⣛⡛⠻⠿⠖⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌ ⣄⠀⢉⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣙⠿⣮⣭⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣴⣦⣭⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⡿⠟⢛⣛⣻⡷⠖⠀⡀⠸⣏⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣈⣀⣩⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠼⣿⣿⣶⣬⣽⣛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣯⣤⣭⣿⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⡿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⢩⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣥⣿⣿⣗⣄⣾⢀⣉⣉⣉⣉⣛⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣀⣀⣀⣀⣒⠂⣁⣀⣀⣒⣒⠒⣊⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢛⣿ ⣿⣿⣭⣟⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠉⣁⠈⡃⠀⣝ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣮⢟⣙⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⠉⡉⠙⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⣀⠀⢠⡶⠎⠓⠀⠐⠙⢆⡼⢿ ⣽⣇⣤⣭⣀⣾⠿⣿⣯⣍⢹⣶⣾⡏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣀⣁⣀⣨⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⢉⡁⣤⣴⡖⠈⠀⠩⣈⠤⢐⣈⣱⣦⡀⢼⣷⠈ ⠭⢾⣿⣯⡉⠛⠠⠍⠛⠋⢉⡍⠉⠉⢭⠉⠙⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣯⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣷⣽⣿⢍⣠⣶⢍⣬⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠴⠾⠿⠖⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠁⠀⢤⣤⠀⠴⣶⠈⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠙⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣺⣿⣏⣈⠛⠋⠁⣬⢿⡇⠻⣭⡟⠁⡀⣹⣄ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⢤⣄⡀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣀⢀⣤⣀⠀⣤⠀⠀⣠⣤⡀⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⢠⣤⢤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⣤⣤⠤⢠⣤⡤⣤⣄⢀⣤⠀⢀⣤⢀⣤⣄⠀⣤⣤⢀⣤⡤⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣇⣀⣼⠟⠻⣧⣀⣠⡿⠻⣿⠙⢷⣿⠀⣼⠿⠿⣷⡄⣿⣇⣀⡀⢸⣷⣀⣼⠟⠀⠀⢤⣄⣼⠇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⢸⣿⠒⢺⣯⠸⣿⣄⣸⡿⠸⣿⢿⣾⢿⣿⢸⣿⠒⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡤⠄⠀⠠⢤⣤⠤⢤⡄⣤⣄⢀⣤⡄⣤⡤⠤⠄⠀⢠⡤⠤⣄⣀⣤⠤⢤⡀⠀⣤⣄⠀⢠⡤⠤⠤⢤⣤⠤⠀⠀⣤⠤⢤⣀⢀⡤⠤⣄⡀⣤⠤⢤⡀⣀⡤⠤⣄⢀⣤⠤⠤⢠⣤⠤⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠯⠽⠗⠀⠀⠸⠿⠀⠸⠇⠿⠻⠿⠻⠇⠿⠯⠭⠄⠀⠸⠧⠤⠟⠛⠿⠉⠻⠇⠾⠛⠻⠧⠻⠏⠉⠀⠘⠿⠀⠀⠀⠿⠤⠼⠛⠙⠧⠤⠾⠃⠿⠤⠼⠋⠻⠦⠬⠿⠘⠿⠯⠭⠸⠟⠉⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡤⠤⣤⣠⣤⣤⠄⣤⣤⠤⢤⣤⣀⡤⠤⠤⢠⣤⠀⣠⣤⡀⢠⣤⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡤⡤⠠⢤⣤⠄⢀⣤⣄⠀⣤⣤⠤⢠⣤⡤⠄⠀⠀⢤⣤⠤⠀⠀⣤⡤⢤⠄⣤⣀⣠⣤⣤⡄⣤⠤⢤⡄⠤⣤⡤⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠲⠖⠛⠙⠛⠁⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⠛⠙⠓⠔⠒⠘⠛⠚⠋⠉⠛⠘⠛⠤⠀⠀⠐⠛⠽⠛⠀⠘⠛⠐⠛⠉⠙⠃⠛⠁⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠈⠁⠚⠫⠛⠃⠛⠁⠘⠛⠛⠃⠛⠉⠙⠃⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢠⣶⣒⣦⢀⣴⠖⠲⣤⢰⣄⣴⣦⣰⠆⣶⡀⠀⢰⣦⣴⣦⣀⣶⣠⡴⠒⣦⡄⠀⢠⣶⣒⣦⢀⣴⣦⡀⢰⣶⣒⣦⠐⢲⣶⠒⣶⣄⣴⠖⠲⠄⣶⣤⣶⣒⣶⠄⣴⣶⡀⠒⣶⡖⢲⣦⣠⡶⠒⢦⣄⣶⣄⣠⡆⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⠛⠒⠛⠁⠙⠒⠚⠋⠀⠛⠃⠙⠋⠀⠛⠓⠒⠘⠛⠛⠀⠙⠛⠈⢓⣒⣛⣃⢀⣈⣛⡀⠀⢚⣋⡉⠛⢘⣋⣈⠛⢀⠘⠛⡀⢛⠃⠙⡒⠚⠃⠛⠋⠛⠀⠀⠚⠋⠉⠛⠀⠛⠁⠘⠛⠈⠓⠒⠛⠁⠛⠈⠙⠃⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣻⡗⢺⣿⣸⣯⣀⣹⡗⣿⡗⠚⠛⣿⡒⢺⣿⠈⣻⣟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠅⣏⠸⢸⣇⠿⢛⠏⡇⡏⢯⡝⣻⡫⢝⢹⢹⣇⠇⡍⣏⢯⣿⢸⠹⣭⢛⠝⣋⢏⣯⣽⣿⣭⣏⢯⣿⠝⣿⡸⡹⣝⢏⡏⡏⡏⡋⢯⡹⣸⡇⡏⣍⠭⡋⡏⡏⣿⢻⠩⢻⠝⡏⢏⡹⢽⡛⠏⡸⢹⢹⣉⠏⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⡿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣎⣜⣆⣆⣇⣎⣿⣐⣀⣇⣘⣸⣒⣁⣆⣇⣈⣸⣮⣀⣽⣗⣊⣀⣸⣐⣈⣂⡇⣂⣴⣾⣨⣋⣀⣿⣛⣆⣀⣇⣰⣰⣅⣸⠈⣾⣇⣻⢐⣸⣀⣆⣅⣨⣸⣶⣗⣿⣿⣎⣄⣸⣀⣀⣃⡛⣿⣰⣨⣀⣽⣂⣺⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡿⣿⡿⣿⠟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⣜⣾⣹⣠⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠙⠛⠻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠛⠛⠛⠟⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⣺⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡄⠠⣄⢐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⠏⢁⣼⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣯⡄⢻⣿⣤⣴⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣄⠈⣹⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣄⣉⠉⠉⠋⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡄⠙⣿⡗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⣰⣿⡿⣿⠿⢷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠺⠿⠟⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠁⠀⣴⢻⢡⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠲⠺⢿⣦⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠘⠓⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣿⡟⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⡿⠿⢋⣉⣭⣭⣭⣿⠛⠟⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢠⠤⢀⠀⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⡉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣿⣷⣶⠄⠀⣴⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠿⠛⠂⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣛⡟⣿⣽⣿⣿⡟⣻⣟⣿⣿⢟⣿⢻⣿⣻⢻⡿⣻⣿⣿⠿⣿⢛⣟⣿⣿⣟⣻⡏⣿⣛⣿⡟⡿⡻⣿⡟⡿⣿⣟⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⡿⡏⣿⢹⣿⣿⣛⣿⢿⣿⣻⡟⢿⣿⢿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⡿⣿⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣭⣿⣿⣼⣿⣶⣿⣼⣯⣽⣿⣼⣿⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣽⣧⣿⣥⣿⣿⣧⣷⣿⣥⣿⣼⣿⣷⣿⣾⣵⣿⣽⣽⣿⣽⣽⣾⣼⣧⣿⣿⣧⣷⣾⣿⣾⣿⣼⣿⣯⣷⣷⣯⣯⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⣯⣼⣯⣽⣵⣿⣿ ⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⡿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠸⡏⠁⠉⠁⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣼⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠃⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡤⢤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢟⣛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢱⣶⣽⣾⣿⢸⣮⣶⢨⣶⢸⢖⡂⣿⢸⢸⣕⡲⡇⣵⡎⣶⢸⣇⣲⢾⡇⣿⣟⢻⢶⡂⣷⣶⢓⣒⣹⣐⢾⣿⠸⢱⡎⣒⣊⢑⣒⣱⢰⣶⠙⣑⣊⡇⣷⣕⡶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣭⣼⣮⣭⣾⣧⣽⣬⣭⣿⣬⣯⣬⣬⣥⣭⣼⣬⣬⣥⣧⣽⣥⣯⣬⣯⣭⣾⣷⣮⣭⣼⣮⣵⣽⣭⣷⣭⣿⣭⣵⣿⣬⣷⣵⣭⣽⣮⣭⣿⣨⣭⣾⣮⣭⣧⣽⣬⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣴⡥⣹⣧⣿⣤⣦⣾⣧⣬⣴⣤⣤⣬⣦⣤⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣘⣋⣄⣃⣩⣂⣾⣃⣈⣄⣣⣘⣨⣘⣘⣈⣆⣐⣻⠟⠧⠷⠻⠿⢿⣀⣼⣈⣠⣚⣄⣠⣃⣃⣛⣈⣂⣀⣼⣁⣘⣇⣀⣘⣀⣃⣀⣃⣱⣁⣘⣈⣘⣘⣸⣝⣘⣃⣑⣘⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠠⠂⠐⠆⣤⠠⠀⠀⠇⠆⠈⠰⠠⠂⠄⣰⠰⣾⠸⠹⣹⢸⢉⠯⠿⠹⣹⢘⠏⡝⡙⣿⡏⠭⢹⠩⡹⠩⠍⡏⡯⢽⡇⡟⢹⠩⠏⡏⠿⢉⢯⠝⣿⢸⠹⠉⡏⠿⡿⠍⡏⢝⠹⠯⢻⠩⠍⡏⢹⡏⠭⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠙⢏⢋⡻⣽⢸⢹⠈⡇⢋⣻⢻⡏⡝⢋⡃⡟⢹⢨⡇⡝⢫⠋⡅⡏⡟⣝⢫⠛⣼⠫⡿⣟⢍⡟⡹⡇⡟⢹⠋⣿⢹⢨⠛⣙⢺⢫⡟⣽⢨⡇⡇⢫⢸⣻⢋⡟⣽⡿⣽⢫⡟⡝⣙⠋⣟⢽⡏⣫⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢙⠟⢻⢛⠻⡛⡛⣿⠛⢟⡋⡛⢟⠻⣛⡏⠛⣿⠛⡟⡻⢛⢹⡟⢻⢛⣿⢛⠛⡛⢛⠻⡛⢛⡛⣻⢻⢛⠛⡟⡛⢻⡟⣟⡻⣧⣽⢙⠟⡛⣻⡛⡏⢟⡟⡋⡛⢟⢻⢟⣛⣟⢟⡏⢛⣿⢟⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣦⣷⣼⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣶⣷⣧⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣼⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢛⠟⡻⠻⡟⢻⢛⢻⢻⣿⣯⣽⡟⠹⣟⡻⣻⢟⠟⡻⡋⡯⢛⠿⡛⣿⠻⡻⣿⢿⠛⡟⡿⠻⣟⢿⡿⣛⢙⠿⠻⡿⡟⣿⢟⡋⡟⠟⠿⡋⣿⢹⡟⣿⢻⢙⡿⠻⣿⡻⣛⡟⡏⢟⡏⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣸⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣲⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣎⣨⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣷⣾⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣾⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠻⡿⢿⠿⡿⢿⡿⠟⠿⡿⢻⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⠿⢿⢿⢻⠟⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠛⣿⢻⡟⢻⡛⣿⡟⡻⢻⠻⣛⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣼⣬⣥⣽⣤⣦⣽⣧⣥⣥⣧⣼⣭⣥⣧⣭⣼⣼⣧⣵⣥⣯⣼⣤⣥⣿⣤⣮⣵⣭⣿⣥⣾⣬⣧⣼⣥⣎⣧⣵⣬⣴⣭⣾⣠⣣⣧⣽⣥⣤⣥⣽⣼⣧⣭⣥⣬⣽⣬⣥⣭⣼⣠⣣⣼⣮⣽⣴⣮⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⢻⣿⣿⣻⣿⡟⣿⢟⣿⡿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣘⣐⣃⣲⣘⣸⣇⣛⣸⣒⣇⣇⣸⣸⣠⣳⣎⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣀⣗⣐⣇⣠⣃⣃⣚⢈⢻⣸⣜⣄⣦⣳⣜⣆⣸⣂⣗⣟⣠⣣⣐⣿⣁⣿⣰⣣⣣⣜⣸⣨⣘⣰⡃⡙⡇⣣⣐⣜⡰⡁⣃⣏⣸⣐⣂⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣔⣶⣸⣀⣿⣸⣇⣿⣰⣎⣸⣏⣬⣊⡇⣎⣡⣅⣆⣇⣎⣸⣡⣅⣎⣶⣳⣁⣿⣔⣇⣳⡩⠢⣡⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣸⣸⡏⣍⣏⣉⣿⣝⣹⢉⣹⣉⣏⣹⣏⣿⣝⣯⢫⣩⣽⣹⣏⣹⣍⣹⣁⣿⣸⣈⣏⣽⣿⣃⣿⣉⣯⢻⢻⡝⣍⣏⣉⣿⣸⣸⣹⣉⣏⣸⣉⣏⣯⣇⣇⣏⣉⣇⣿⣩⣝⣍⣽⣭⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡋⣹⣉⣏⣸⣩⣹⣸⣏⣽⣹⢩⣹⣍⣇⣿⣹⣝⣏⣏⣏⣹⣏⣿⣩⣻⣅⣯⣍⣇⣇⣏⣏⣇⣇⣿⣩⣿⣨⣋⣿⣸⣧⣨⣿⣀⣅⣏⣅⣏⣹⣉⣇⣉⣿⣸⣻⣏⣸⣩⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠷⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣸⣕⣀⣃⣰⣈⣂⣂⣇⣇⣐⣅⣸⣻⣎⣠⣰⣁⣕⣂⣸⣇⣚⣐⣛⢐⣅⣿⣸⣐⣃⣚⣀⣻⣸⣐⣃⣺⡇⣀⣆⣪⣈⣺⣐⣘⣻⣇⣜⣰⣁⣚⣇⣇⣿⢠⣕⣄⣚⣇⣆⣺⣇⣔⣒⣘⣀⡧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢀⣃⡣⣽⣃⣎⢀⣿⣀⣜⣘⣐⣇⣸⣸⣀⣪⣀⣟⡷⣱⣐⣜⣸⣇⣇⣇⣘⣐⣨⣂⣗⣸⣒⣕⣿⣸⣰⣃⣺⣗⣪⣃⣺⣸⣂⣰⣿⣹⣇⣚⣐⣔⣕⣿⣀⣇⣿⣸⣀⣇⣺⣕⣆⣎⣐⣻⣔⣄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣟⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⢿⢻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢿⣿⣿⣻⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⣿⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣼⣤⣧⣾⣬⣧⣼⣤⡧⣽⣹⣮⣴⣼⣧⣼⣧⣼⣧⣧⣶⣽⣴⣽⣤⣬⣿⣼⣤⣯⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣧⣽⣴⣽⣼⣧⣦⣦⣧⣷⣼⣴⣴⣷⣽⣼⣼⣥⣧⣼⣧⣧⣼⢑⣧⣧⣧⣷⣤⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢟⣻⢿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣬⣬⣼⣬⣥⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢿⠟⢿⠿⠿⡿⠻⡿⢿⠿⣿⠻⢿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢟⣻⢿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣟⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡿⢿⠟⡿⡿⠿⡿⢿⢿⡟⠿⢿⢿⠿⠻⡿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡻⢿⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠻⡿⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣭⣮⣬⣧⣮⣬⣥⣭⣠⣿⣬⣵⣥⣼⣥⣿⣬⣬⣬⣼⣬⣤⣿⣿⣧⣶⣥⣧⣿⣼⣤⣵⣼⣧⣼⣭⣥⣥⣥⣥⣵⣼⣧⣼⣼⣦⣴⣼⣕⣼⣯⣬⣽⣽⣴⣥⣴⣼⣧⣦⣦⣽⣬⣬⣧⣼⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⠻⡿⢿⡿⡿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣟⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢛⠻⢿⠿⠿⣟⢛⠿⡿⡿⠟⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠟⠿⠛⡿⢿⠿⡿⠟⠿⠿⡿⣿⠻⡿⢿⢿⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣼⣤⣮⣽⣥⣧⣮⣤⣗⣼⣽⣿⣧⣧⣅⣵⣬⣦⣧⣮⣧⣿⣬⣧⣼⣤⣧⣯⣽⣬⣧⣧⣤⣧⣥⣽⣥⣧⣔⣽⣼⣽⣧⣤⣥⣬⣤⣧⣼⣄⣷⣥⣧⣥⣥⣿⣬⣥⣽⣽⣯⣮⣇⣵⣥⣬⣮⣼⣤⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠟⣿⢹⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠏⣿⢻⢹⡿⢿⡿⠿⡿⠽⣿⠿⢿⣿⡿⢿⠿⡿⢻⠿⢿⢹⣿⢿⢿⢹⠿⢿⢿⡿⢿⢿⡿⡿⠏⡿⢿⣿⡟⡋⡿⠿⣿⢿⢻⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣲⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣶⣿⣆⣾⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣾⣾⣷⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⣟⣽⠿⡻⠹⡻⢿⢿⣿⡯⡿⣿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⢫⡏⡿⢿⠿⡿⢏⡿⡿⢿⡏⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠹⣿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢻⠟⠿⢹⡿⢿⠻⣿⠿⡿⢻⡟⡏⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣧⣿⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢩⢽⢻⢻⢛⡟⣿⢉⢝⠛⡟⣛⠻⡋⡛⡟⡟⢛⠟⣻⡟⡻⢻⣟⣟⠻⣛⣟⠟⠛⡻⣛⢟⡟⡟⣿⢹⠟⡟⠻⡋⡿⣿⣟⡟⣻⢛⢹⡟⣟⢹⠛⡛⠛⣻⢛⡛⡻⡛⡋⡟⡟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣴⣿⣾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠰⡟⠻⣿⠛⡟⢻⠙⡏⢛⣿⢛⣻⢛⢿⡟⡛⢿⡟⡻⡟⣻⢹⢹⢛⢻⢻⣵⢻⢻⠛⢻⢻⢹⢸⠛⣻⡟⣟⢛⢻⡻⢻⠛⣻⢟⢹⢚⢿⢛⣿⠟⢱⡟⢽⠝⢻⠙⣟⡻⡟⡟⢻⡗⣯⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢟⢿⠟⡟⢹⢹⢛⢫⣛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 330 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-arrogance/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-arrogance/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ As_Expected,_Minimal_Pseudo_Compliance_From_EPO_Management,_Adding_Insult_to Injury⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:03 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Earlier this month: Two_Months_of_ILO-AT_Non-Compliance_at_the_EPO_and_a_Decade of_a_Docile_Administrative_Council_That_Approves_Illegal_Proposals 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Extension_of_strike_judgments_to_all_staff⦈_ Summary: SUEPO Central, the core of the staff union of EPO staff (almost 7,000 workers at the EPO, most of whom are SUEPO members), has strong words about the EPO’s attitude and stance, which is perhaps unsurprising but still extremely disappointing MORE than two months after the historic judgements of ILO-AT the EPO‘s President, António_Campinos, writes internally to staff about Benoît Battistelli‘s strike regulations being_ruled_unlawful. Almost a decade too late! The staff union is rightly upset and understandably circulates another publication among members. We’ve decided to reproduce it below, in full, as HTML: 23 September 2021 su21024cp – 0.2.1/5.1/5.2 § Extension of strike judgments to all staff “No moral damages. No apology.” What next?⠀➾ In his Communiqué of 14 September, Mr Campinos finally detailed the Office’s approach regarding the strike judgments of the 132nd session of the ILOAT. The Office intends to apply the outcome of the judgments to all staff on strike since July 2013 only insofar as they concern excessive strike deductions or for unauthorised absence on 2 and 3 July 2013. No moral damages will be awarded to those who neither filed a complaint in front of the Tribunal nor an application to intervene1. In a meeting with the Central Staff Committee (CSC) on 15 September, Mr Campinos even strongly excluded any form of apology from the Organisation to its staff. The Office intends to conclude all payments by the end of the year. For the time being, we strongly recommend that you maintain your pending complaints and applications to intervene. This paper provides more details. Meeting with the President: Lessons (not) learnt On 15 September, the staff representation could address for the first time directly with Mr Campinos the ILOAT strike judgments of 7 July. The staff representation argued that all EPO staff had been adversely prejudiced by the violation of their fundamental right to strike and by abuses of power. An International Organisation cannot take a fundamental right from its staff, give it back more than 8 years later and pretend that nothing happened. In his reply, Mr Campinos threatened to reduce cash injections into the pension reserve funds if he were to grant moral damages to all staff. Mr Campinos added that we should understand that in our Organisation, it’s just about moving money from one place to another. One could expect that upper management could be held accountable for designing HR policies violating fundamental rights, but Mr Campinos preemptively warned anyone who could point the finger at his services which he fully entrusts with further reforms. The staff representation then suggested that the Organisation takes responsibility for mistakes of the past by at least apologizing to its staff. Mr Campinos bursted out in anger and shouted that he would not apologize and that we would never get an apology from him. With this statement, Mr Campinos confirms that he not only takes full responsibility for the continued policies during the first 3 years of his mandate, but also fully endorses the Battistelli administration. Mr Campinos reproached the staff representation to be not constructive when willing to discuss events that happened ages ago and added that we may have won this one but we don’t win 8 out of 10 of our _____________ 1 According to Laurent Germond, Director Employment Law, the Office identified 38 complaints still pending in front of the Tribunal, some of them being joined by interveners. ===================================================================== cases. Here, Mr Campinos confused quality and production: in terms of legal procedures, some are more fundamental than others. In the meeting, Laurent Germond, Director Employment Law, recalled that the Tribunal’s statute does not foresee any class action procedure and that complaints will remain of an individual nature. The Office intends to apply the outcome of the judgments to all staff on strike since July 2013 only insofar as they concern excessive strike deductions or for unauthorised absence on 2 and 3 July 2013. SUEPO expresses its solidarity to all staff in the HR Department who are now striving to conclude all payments by the end of year and have to repair the damages caused by their upper management. What next? Concerning the still running procedures against the strike regulations, we recommend the following: I. Case AT-5 5167: Mr Battistelli abused his power by not organising the UNITY ballot In his Communiqué of 14 September and as confirmed in front of the staff representation, Mr Campinos excludes the award of moral damages to all staff who were deprived of their right to vote in the ballot for the strike of the “UNITY initative” of 16 May 2014. SUEPO_recommends_that_complainants_and_those_who_file_applications_to intervene_(see_instructions_here)_maintain_their_procedures. II. Case AT-5 5179: the SUEPO called strike of 2 July 2013 was lawful In his Communiqué of 14 September and as confirmed in front of the staff representation, Mr Campinos intends to apply the outcome of Judgment 4433, but_only_partially, to all those employees who participated in the industrial action of 2 and 3 July 2013. The unlawful deductions for unauthorised absence will be reimbursed, the threatening letter from Principal Director Human Resources (Ms Bergot at the material time) will be removed from the personal file, but no moral_damages_will_be_awarded. SUEPO_recommends_that_complainants_and_those_who_file_applications_to intervene_(see_instructions_here)_maintain_their_procedures. III. Management review MR/2021-0025 Excessive strike deductions of the January 2021 for the December 2020 strike Mr Campinos had rejected the management review in a decision dated 21 June 2021. In his Communiqué of 14 September, Mr Campinos announces that the outcome of Judgment No. 4435 will be applied to all those employees who went on strike since the introduction of CA/D 5/13. This concerns as well the deductions made on the January 2021 salary slip which are now expected to be reimbursed with interests at 5% per annum, less the amounts which could have been deducted on the basis of 1/30th (as applicable prior to the introduction of CA/D 5/13). SUEPO_considers_it_not_necessary_that_all_concerned_staff_file_a_mass appeal_against_the_rejection_decision_for_MR/2021-0025_dated_21_June 2021. ===================================================================== IV. Case AT-5 5244: Excessive strike deductions of 1/20th are unlawful and punitive The extension of the outcome of Judgment No. 4435 concerns the strike deductions during the period of October 2013 until April 2016 covered by this case and which are now expected to be reimbursed with interests at 5% per annum, less the amounts which could have been deducted on the basis of 1/30th (as applicable prior to the introduction of CA/D 5/13). As_long_as_the_payments_are_not_concluded,_SUEPO_recommends_that complainants_and_those_who_file_applications_to_intervene_(see instructions_here)_maintain_their_procedures. Conclusion The still pending complaints and the filing of hundreds of applications to intervene since the announcement of the strike judgments on 7 July may have been one of the reasons for Mr Campinos to extend the outcome of some of the judgments to all staff. We regret that Mr Campinos only decided to opt for a partial extension of the outcome excluding noticeably moral damages. This shows once again that in order to fully safeguard their rights, EPO staff must go to litigation. SUEPO Central As a side note, I was having a very productive today. Had a long (and long- distance) call with political entities willing to do something about EPO abuses. Tons of time and energy has been poured into it (research and talking/ communicating), but it needs to be done and we hope to have some breakthrough soon. We’ll refrain from sharing any more details as they can jeopardise the process at this relatively early stage. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣤⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠒⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣭⢶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣽⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣙⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠟⠀⠈⠃⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣷⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡆⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⢀⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣴⣾⣷⣤⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣀⠉⣉⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⢹⠯⣿⡻⢽⡹⣍⠯⣿⠽⣻⣏⢏⣏⣿⣿⢩⠟⣿⡝⣽⠿⣏⠏⣏⡯⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⡟⡿⢿⣿⢛⣻⠿⡿⣿⠿⡟⡿⢿⡿⡿⡾⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣤⣧⣿⣿⣰⣾⣸⣜⣾⣫⣧⣜⣼⣜⣧⣧⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 600 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-standards/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-standards/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Lowering_the_Standards…⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:04 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇1,000_times_fewer_European_Patents_than_Germany_(4,000_fewer than_Japan_and_US),_still_gets_VIP_treatment⦈_ Numbers from this_report (warning: epo.org link) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Show_me_to_your_leader⦈_ EPO dictators Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos love small economies where love can be bought cheaply (that they also speak French is a bonus, being their mother’s tongue) Summary: It’s time for another round of fluff at the EPO, this time without even travelling (PR-over-’ViCo’) ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣉⠉⠉⣉⠉⢉⣉⠉⢉⣉⠉⠉⣉⣉⢉⡉⣉⡉⣉⡉⣉⣉⢉⣉⠉⠉⣉⣉⢉⣉⢉⡉⣉⢉⡉⣉⡉⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⡀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⣙⢙⣙⠛⣛⢛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⠀⢸⡏⡇⢸⢸⡇⣾⢸⡇⠀⢹⡏⢸⡇⣿⢧⣿⡇⣿⣉⠸⣝⡃⠀⣿⣉⢸⣏⢸⣇⣿⢸⡇⣿⡁⢸⣿⡇⠀⣿⣉⢸⡇⣿⢸⣏⡗⢸⡏⣷⢸⣯⡇⣿⣉⢸⢿⡆⣿⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢠⠸⣧⡇⠸⣼⠇⢻⣸⠇⠀⢸⡇⢸⡇⣿⢸⢻⡇⣿⣤⠰⣼⠇⠀⣿⠀⢸⣧⠸⣿⠙⣿⠃⣿⣤⢸⡿⡇⠀⣿⣤⠸⣧⡿⢸⡇⡧⠸⣧⠟⢸⡇⠀⣿⣤⣾⠺⡇⣿⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⢀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⢀⡀⠀⢀⣀⠒⣒⡀⣒⣒⠒⣀⡀⣀⡀⢀⣀⢀⡀⢀⢀⡀⣀⠀⣰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⣿⣹⡇⡿⣿⠈⣿⠁⣿⣍⢸⣧⣿⠉⣿⠁⢿⣝⠀⠈⣿⠉⣿⣼⡇⣸⢻⡄⣿⣼⡇⠀⣿⣘⡃⣿⡁⣿⣽⠇⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⢿⠀⣿⣼⠈⣧⡏⠀⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠁⠀⠀⣿⠀⢰⡗⢻⠀⣿⠀⣿⣤⢸⠙⡿⠀⡿⠀⢦⡽⠀⠀⣿⠀⢿⢸⡇⣿⢺⡇⡿⢻⠇⠀⢿⡼⡇⣿⡄⢿⢸⡇⣿⢹⢸⡇⡿⢺⡆⡏⢿⠀⢹⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣁⠀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⡀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣀⢀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣀⢀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⣀⠀⣀⡀⢀⣀⡀⢀⣀⠀⣀⢀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢀⡀⣀⢀⣈⣙⠻⢋⡉⣉⢛⣉⡛⣉⡻⣿⣿ ⠁⡀⢸⡇⡸⢻⠀⠠⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⢸⡇⣿⠀⢸⣧⢸⣧⡄⣿⣾⡇⣿⢸⣧⢸⡧⣟⠀⠀⣿⠀⣿⣼⡇⣾⢹⠀⣿⣼⠀⠀⣿⢰⡟⡇⢸⣧⠇⣾⢻⡀⣿⣼⠀⢀⡏⣷⢸⣷⣿⢸⡇⣿⠀⢸⡇⣿⠸⢧⡁⢸⡇⣿⣿ ⠀⠁⠸⠇⠛⠻⠃⠄⠧⠿⠘⠧⠿⠘⠧⠿⠀⠸⠇⠸⠷⠄⠿⠇⠿⠇⠸⠧⠸⠇⠿⠀⠀⠿⠀⠿⠸⠇⠿⠻⠇⠇⠻⠄⠠⠿⠸⠟⠿⠸⠇⠀⠿⠻⠇⠇⠻⠀⠸⠟⠿⠸⠏⠿⠸⠧⠿⢠⠸⠧⠟⠸⠧⠟⠼⢇⣿⣿ ⢠⠀⠠⢀⡀⠠⠠⢀⢤⣄⢀⣆⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠀⠀⠈⠠⣀⡀⡄⠙⡏⣿⣯⣍⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣤⠠⠠⣘⠾⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡿⡷⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣰⢦⣶⠷⡦⢬⣱⣧⣿⢿⣷⣧⣭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢢⣿⣥⡧⣏⣯⣼⡟⣿⣯⣼⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡆⠀⠀⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢽⣾⣿⣿⣽⢺⣿⡽⡀⣹⣏⠘⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⢹⣿⣿⣷⣴⣦⣠⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣯⡙⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⠟⠒⠂⠉⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣽⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡥⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢦⡀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣟⣼⣿⣳⣟⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣾⣷⡆⢀⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠳⠽⢃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠟⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿ ⣿⢟⣽⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⢿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⡄⠰⡄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢻⣿⣧⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣇⠀⣧⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼ ⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣰⣀⣿⣿⣿⣆⣸⣇⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⡿⡿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣮⣯⣮⣤⣤⣴⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣪⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣵⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡟⢻⠻⣻⡟⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⠛⠟⢛⢻⢛⠛⢟⡿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣯⣤⣮⣦⣥⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣯⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣏⣫⣝⣙⣋⣋⣋⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣏⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣷⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⣻⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣹⣷⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻ ⠀⣧⣧⣬⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡏⠙⠟⠛⠛⢛⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⢿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣷⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡽⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿ ⠀⣇⣙⣉⣈⣉⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⡿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣺⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠘ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⠀⡟⠟⢟⢟⡻⡻⡻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⢰⣿⠻⠇⡛⣿⡟⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣿⢰⡟⢻⡆⢸⡟⢃⡛⣿⡟⢰⣿⠻⠇⣿⢸⣷⢸⡿⢸⡇⢸⣿⢻⡆⣇⡛⣿⡛⢸⣿⢻⡇⢸⣿⠛⢠⣿⣿⢀⢻⣿⠛⢸⣿⡆⣿⣿⢸⣿⠛⢸⣷⢸⡇⠛⣿⡟⣸⣿⣿ ⠆⢎⣛⢷⡎⠇⣿⡇⢸⣿⢸⣿⢨⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⢶⡆⢸⡿⢃⡅⣿⡇⢎⣛⢷⡎⢿⡘⣿⣼⡇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠞⣣⣿⡇⣿⠀⢸⣿⢻⡅⢸⣿⠃⢸⣇⣿⡆⢸⣿⢨⢸⡏⣿⢿⣿⢸⣿⠓⢸⡿⣿⡇⡅⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿ ⢷⡜⠿⠼⢇⡄⠿⢇⡸⠿⠸⠿⠶⠸⠿⠆⣿⡘⠷⠼⠇⠸⠷⠶⡁⠿⢇⡘⠿⠼⢇⣼⡇⠿⠿⢇⠸⠇⠸⠿⣨⣻⣿⡁⠿⢀⠸⠿⠸⠇⠸⠿⠶⠾⠏⠹⠇⠸⠿⢸⠸⠇⠿⠸⠿⠸⠿⠶⠸⠇⠻⠇⡇⠿⢇⣿⣿⣿ ⣮⠿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⡿⢿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣠⣾⣿⣿⣟⣿⡿⣿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢹⣿⡿⣿⣷⡇⣿⡟⡟⣽⣯⣿⣿⣷⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣽⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣧⣧⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠻⣿⣧⣧⣿⣇⣿⣿⢿⣂⣇⣿⣸⣿⣿⣧⡯⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⢁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⣰⣦⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣤⣤⣀⠀⠈⠋⢿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⢀⣨⣿⣿⣿⣦⡘⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⠟⢁⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⡏⣔⡀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠩⠿⠟⣿⣿⠏⣼⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢋⣡⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡷⠂⠉⠁⢀⣦⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡄⠻⣿⠋⠼⠛⣉⣤⣶⣷⣶⣦⣤⣤⣭⣭⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠇⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣧⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠱⣀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣀⣀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠿⠿⠛⠀⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠻⠿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠙⠛⠋⠥ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 722 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-strike-regulations-meme/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/epo-strike-regulations-meme/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_President_Campinos_Addresses_the_Legacy_of_Battistelli’s_“Strike Regulations”⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:04 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_meme_part_1_-_Campinos⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_meme_part_2_Kongstad⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_meme_part_3_Battistelli⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇EPO_meme_part_4_Punchline⦈_ Summary: A sequence of four EPO memes about those infamous and unlawful “strike regulations” that Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos have exploited to abuse thousands of workers ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⡀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠟⠛⠛⠿⣾⣦⣤⣤⣀⠉⠱⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢉⠻⣿⣿⣷⡀⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⢸⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡶⡆⠐⢠⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡇⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣦⣀⣀⣴⣿⣯⣽⣿⣶⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠈⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⣀⢄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠙⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠋⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣽⣿⣽⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣛⡈⣽⢿⠟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡠⠞⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⠋⡙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣇⠊⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⣿⡟⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠈⢿⠿⠟⣿⣉⣷⣬⣋⣾⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣦⠀⠀⠙⢿⣋⠛⠢⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠐⠇⠈⢿⣿⠿⢿⣾⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣷⣄⠀⢈⠛⠻⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣦⠈⢿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡿⠛⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠌⠹⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣹⣿⢇⣀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣦ ⢰⣶⣶⠀⠀⣴⣶⡦⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⢸⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣽⣿⡿⢸⣽⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾ ⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣻⣇⠀⠀⢹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡇⢀⣼⣷⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢼⣿⡟⠇⣸⣿⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣯⣷⢀⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⡀⠀⢀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠜⡟⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢰⠉⠈⠉⡗⢹⣿⠉⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣄⣀⣇⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⢸⣼⣿⢸⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡈⡀⡇⠀ ⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⣋⠻⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⡇⣿⣿⠀⡿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣛⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣉⣩⣿⠏⠉⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⡇⣿⣿⣿⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠴⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢀⣿⣿⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣾⡏⣿⢦⠏⢃⣿⣷⠄⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠶⠞⠛⠛⠋⠀⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣀⣀⣤ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⣉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⣉⣁⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⡟⣿⡟⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⢿⡿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣷⠈⡁⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠓⢀⣈⣀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠩⢟⣻⣿⠙⠋⢁⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣤⣠⣯⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⠋⣴⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣦⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡘⣛⣛⣛⡊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣎⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠸⣟⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣷⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⣯⡛⠓⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠓⠪⠖⠦⣭⣛⡻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣷⣦⡌⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣆⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣰⣷⠀⠀⢀⣴⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣦⡅⠠⠴⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡿⡋⠂⠀⠀⠘⡟⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡟⠡⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠈⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣯⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢳⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣠⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠃⠀⠀⠘⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⢸⡇⢻⣿⣿⣷⣶⠄⠘⣿⠋⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣋⣤⣴⣦⣀⣤⣀⡄⠈⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⢋⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡍⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣄⣠⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣷⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢓⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣷⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⣻⡿⠿⢛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣫⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⢫⣑⣪⣭⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣠⡆⢸⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠻⢯⠁⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡶⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣶⣝⠛⠉⠁⢀⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⡿⣖⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠈⠙⢧⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⣿⢹⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢰⡿⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⡇⢿⡈⠿⣟ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⡨⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⠁⠀⣿⣿⣦⡙⠲⠤ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣻⣭⣹⢿⣿⠟⠁⣹⣄⣐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣷⠒ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⢸⣿⠀⠀⣿⣯⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⢹⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⢰⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠛⠋⠉⢩⣽⠻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⠙⠟⠙⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢳⣶⠘⠆⠑⠃⠙⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⢏⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⢻⣿⡟⢿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢷⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⢸⡟⡘⠉⠞⠚⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠛⠃⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣧⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⡿⢿⣛⢛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣥⣾⣏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⡇⠄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣤⣭⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⣴⣜⠶⠄⠘⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠉⠈⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡶⢿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠛⠘⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣄⡛⣩⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠛⠿⠻⠦⠀⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠉⠉⣱⡀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣶⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠿⢷⣮⣍⣉⣉⣉⡙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿ ⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⣭⡶⠂⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡶⠛⠙⠀⢿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠘⢿⡿⢣⣾⡿⠁⠀⠀⢀⡄⣾⣿⢥⢠⣾⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠇⣾⡟⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⠃⣝⣿⣼⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠀⠀⣠⣿⡿⠅⣸⡏⣫⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠀⡴⠾⠷⠶⠀⢘⣿⣭⣄⣾⢟⣵⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⡖⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠂⠀⠀⣀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⠀⠰⠷⠶⠶⠶⠀⡬⣯⣭⣬⣙⣻⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡛⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣁⠀⠼⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠀⡔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠶⠦⠤⣭⣟⠁⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⣿⣿⣿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠳⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣒⠒⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡚⢓⣒⣦⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠀⠘⣿⣿⡟⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⡮⠂⣀⠄⣠⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⡟⠻⢿⡆⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⣼⢿⡿⡇⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠌⡧⡊⡘⣴⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿ ⣤⣤⣼⣅⣷⣏⣾⣿⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣧⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣀⣿⣿⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿ ⠿⠛⠿⠿⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⠀⣸⣿⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⣆⠀⠀⠀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣠⡀⠀⠀⣀⣰⡇⢰⣾⣶⣦⣄⣾⡇⢠⢼⡄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿ ⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⢸⣿⡿⠟⠉⢸⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠉⠅⠀⠀⢴⣿⣷⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠶⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 867 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/gemini-proxies-survey/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/gemini-proxies-survey/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Gemini_HTTP/HTML/Web_Proxies_and_Self-Hosting_Your_Own_Proxy⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, Site_News at 4:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 875c84c4e182945b75bfeec9d456d292 http://techrights.org/videos/gemini-http-proxies.webm Summary: Gemini protocol (gemini://) and the fast-growing Geminispace (expected to exceed 2,000 known capsules by year’s end, in effect quadrupling in a single year!) are possible to access using Web browsers, at least for those who do not have Gemini clients/browsers just yet; today we examine and give an outline of the options THE past week or so we spent researching proxies for Gemini — a subject that we covered_in_the_past_albeit_not_in_an_in-depth_fashion. Now that we serve close to_half_a_million_pages_per_month over gemini:// it’s worth exploring the possibility of setting up our very own Web proxy, relaying Gemini pages over the Web (as HTML pages). Yesterday I revisited HtmGem, which I first studied in the summer (back when it used Sourcehut for hosting; it has moved to another host) and looked into some of the code and requirements of kineto, gopherproxy (it does Gemini also; that’s a legacy name), and GemProxy, which we use at the moment. GemProxy_2.0.1 was released earlier today. There’s also Xenia, a Gemini proxy for Android, and geminize, a Mozilla Firefox addon that merely redirects gemini:// URLs to a known and reliable proxy. I’ve used that for many months as an HTTP-to-Gemini proxy although Firefox is also configured to open suitable URLs in a proper Gemini client, Lagrange in my case. I have two versions of Lagrange installed and one of us is building Lagrange from source. “Eventually we’d love to have it all self-hosted (proxies also), but we are using third parties for the time being.”Those are most of the options that currently exist, but few more are out there, quite likely with more on the way… I went through some of them a few months ago but lost track of their names and URLs, so the above list is certainly not complete. For those not willing or unable to set up their own, there’s this bunch of open proxies [1, 2, 3] including one that_is_currently_down and was also down over a month ago (poor reliability for uptime; they barely even notice when there’s downtime until days later). Well, there used to be several more open proxies, but just like GUS they decided to shut down or change direction, so it’s a bit of a ‘moving target’. The list of existing/available proxies will change over time. “Gemini isn’t going away. It’s growing.”As I mention in the video above, my main findings are that those proxies use bloated frameworks, some of them hosted on Microsoft’s proprietary software trap (GitHub) but most are not, their quality is not high (bugs) and the documentation even worse. This means that the maintenance overhead can be high in case one considers self-hosting. Eventually we’d love to have it all self-hosted (proxies also), but we are using third parties for the time being. They’re easy to swap between, e.g. when we have downtimes. We’re not provisioning a whole box or container just for that, at least not yet, but eventually it will make sense, especially as Gemini usage grows. Gemini isn’t going away. It’s_growing. Its functionality too is constantly expanding without_having_to_modify_the_intentionally-rudimentary_specification. This way we avoid replicating the dire mistakes of the World Wide Web (steered by monopolies through the W3C). █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 952 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/irc-log-220921/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/irc-log-220921/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Wednesday,_September_22,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:04 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 220921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-220921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-220921.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 220921.txt Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1011 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/lf-diploma-mill-and-narrative-control-by-fake-research/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/lf-diploma-mill-and-narrative-control-by-fake-research/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Linux_Foundation_and_Other_‘Diploma_Mills’_Say_There’s_Demand_for_Their Products_in_Their_New_‘Research’_(Marketing)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software, Marketing at 4:26 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum bf9a28ebbc76b6f04c43a67369a86239 http://techrights.org/videos/linux-foundation-job-report.webm Summary: The so-called ‘Linux’ Foundation (LF), together with edX, are basically marketing their services and products, but this is disguised_as 'research' (a false narrative widely parroted by shallow and paid-for media partners of theirs), piggybacking brands like “Linux” and buzzwords like “Open Source” (even when they promote proprietary things, e.g. memorisation_of proprietary_GUIs) THE SALARY of Jim Zemlin and his den_of_nepotism (the Zemlin PAC) requires selling tons of junk, otherwise they will keep operating_at_a_loss. Like Mozilla, they lose money by overpaying themselves. Zemlin is to Linux what Baker_is_to_Mozilla/Firefox. “It’s a cabal of corporations with a mission to control the public.”In recent years (mostly the past year) Zemlin et al shifted focus to exams_and certification_in_order_to_fill_the_gap_left_by_cancelled_in-person_events (the former cash cow of the so-called ‘Linux’_Foundation) and having edX as the paid-for shill of revisionism [1, 2] — paid by LF/Zemlin PAC (indoctrination and corporate training disguised as “ed” or “education”) — means there there are overlapping interests. Mutually beneficial, sure, but not beneficial to the general public. It’s a cabal of corporations with a mission to control the public. Most of the video above goes through most_of_the_latest_LF_puff_pieces, which I’ve studied patiently and piled up over the course of this week. I hope my explanation makes sense despite it being spontaneous and unscripted, i.e. the usual. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1070 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/paying-to-avoid-negative-press-coverage/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/paying-to-avoid-negative-press-coverage/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_EPO_is_on_the_Run_(Escaping_Negative_Press_Coverage)⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 5:20 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 875c84c4e182945b75bfeec9d456d292 http://techrights.org/videos/epo-mep.webm 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO cat⦈ Summary: Aside from tens of millions of euros granted_to_media_and_academia (to keep them complicit or silent about EPO corruption,_which_also_implicates_the_EU) there’s also SLAPP and threats against_staff_representatives; but Members_of_the_European_Parliament are becoming interested in what’s really going on in Europe’s second-largest institution, so this utter waste of EPO money (manipulating the press and gaming universities’ research) might in itself become a scandal sooner or later THE latest Moroccan_puff_piece (warning: epo.org link) from the EPO, dated yesterday, brings back memories of Frenchman Benoît_Battistelli visiting former French colonies to make himself seem important (he loves lesser important countries in the patent context; there, he can meet high-level officials without fear of being blasted for his corruption). “It’s just a space filler. Like those other Moroccan PR stunts.”This time, Frenchman António_Campinos (yes, he’s French) is interjecting his own name a lot in order to make himself seem like an ‘IP’ guru, not the well-dressed imposter that he really is; no photo ops due to COVID-19, so basically it’s a spammy pile of fluff about a webchat. Was something unprecedented signed? No. It’s just a space filler. Like those other Moroccan PR stunts [1, 2, 3]. Anyway, the video above mostly discusses some progress I’ve been making, bringing to the attention of MEPs the abuses of the EPO. I’ve only contacted 3 officials, all of whom interested in SLAPP aspects. After a day I received a response expressing interest and maybe by the week’s end there will be more. It’s precisely targeted; I’m not contacting MEPs at random. “The EPO’s officials are ‘on the run’… a runaway from bad publicity.”Whether the EPO will ever be redeemed (or guilty officials be held accountable) we cannot tell for sure, but there has been considerable progress this past month. Many people read the articles and wish to know more. It’s very likely that the EPO heard directly from them, hence the face-saving ‘fluff’ in the intranet and so-called ‘news’ section. When the EPO is accused of intolerance it resorts to pinkwashing and when challenged over illegal surveillance it's_then 'cloudwashing_time'! Never mind the constant greenwashing and whitewashing. The EPO’s officials are ‘on the run’… a runaway from bad publicity. █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Patents_Morocco⦈_ After recording the video I’ve looked_up_the_number_of_European_Patents_of Morocco (back when the EPO still published those figures) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠴⢶⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠋⠭⢴⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣯⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢿⢿⣦⣌⠉⠙⠛⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⠿⠋⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠛⠟⠷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠮⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣔⣾⠚⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢹⠿⢻⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⢚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠌⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣶⡆⠀⢀⣀⣧⣿⣿⣶⣖⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⢀⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡄⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠤⠤⠿⠿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⢹⣿⡀⠀⠋⠹⠟⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠈⣀⣴⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⣾⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣆⠀⠙⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢐⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⡿⣛⢛⣧⣄⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡛⠛⠃⠈⢻⣿⣦⣤⣤⣤⣶⠛⠁⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠟⠻⠿⠿⠇⢀⣤⣤⣄⣙⣿⣿⢛⣿⣷⣀⢤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⢤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣦⠀⢐⣾⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⡻⢿⣧⡄⣀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠈⠙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⡛⣿⣟⠛⡃⢄⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢦⡸⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣶⣾⣇⢸⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢲⡶⢶⠶⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠿⣛⣻⣿⣿⡉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣿⣦⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠋⡇⠺⡆⠀⠀⣀⢀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣦⣷⠄⠀⢸⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⣛⣋⣭⣭⣴⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⣥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⡁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⡿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣫⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠚⠻⢕⢟⢻⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠀⠀⠁⠙⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⡇⠀⠀⠀⣈⠻⢿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⢦⠈⠃⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⡔⣶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠢⠃⠀⡄⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⠿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⡀⢠⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠟⠛⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠎⠉⠛⣲⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣾⣶⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡀⡤⣄⠀⢠⡀⡀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢠⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣰⣴⣄⡄⣄⣐⢀⠀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⢴⣦⣠⣲⣤⡀⠀⠀⢃⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣶⣦⣤⣴⣶⣦⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠘⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣅⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣧⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣷⣶⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣟⣍⣹⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣿⣿⣤⣼⣼⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣽⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1230 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/09/23/the-epo-card/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/09/23/the-epo-card/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_The_EPO’s_Carte_Blanche_and_‘Diplomatic_Immunity’_Card⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:24 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇EPO card: No moral damages, No apology either⦈ Summary: EPO staff is being taken for another ride by António_Campinos and his cohorts, whose popularity among staff has likely gone down to sub-zero levels already (even faster than Benoît_Battistelli) ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣶⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡀⡛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣾⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⡛⣶⣷⡆⣶⢰⡆⢤⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⠀⠻⠿⠋⣿⣿⠿⠿⠇⠻⠞⠇⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣾⡇⠸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣻⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠻⣻⣿⣤⡤⣤⣴⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣷⢲⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠳⠿⡿⠋⢀⠀⣤⣼⣿⣿⡿⠭⣿⣿⡿⠧⣴⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⣿⡀⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠻⠀⣿⣿⢿⣿⣧⣾⣟⡊⢡⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⢿⣧⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢻⣿⠉⣿⠝⠂⠁⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣸⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡈⢇⠡⣿⣹⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣾⣿⡟⣽⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢿⡇⠈⠐⢱⢧⠷⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣼⠟⠉⡴⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠰⠁⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⠀⢀⡄⠀⠐⠄⠀ ⠁⠉⠻⣿⣿⡁⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⠟⣋⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⢿⣷⡇⠀⠀⠁⢺⣆⠈⢻⣿⣿⣧⣰⠏⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⣀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⠁⠇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⠛⣫⣶⠾⣻⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠻⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣧⠰⣿⣿⡿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠰⠀⠸⢿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⣋⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢦⢻⡀⠀⠀⠀⠸⢿⡄⠘⢻⡻⠙⢠⣤⠄⢀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⢀⣴⡿⣿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⠅⠈⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⢀⣤⣩⣾⠟⢋⣴⠆⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⡾⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡴⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⠀⠸⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣵⣶⠟⣁⡴⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠾⡿⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠖⠂⠁⠂⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⡾⠋⠀⢼⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣶⠒⢹⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠚⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠀⠂⠀⠘⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠛⠛⠋⠁⠘⠀⠠⣆⠀⠀⠀⠄⠄⠀⢀⡀⠐⣣⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⣤⣾⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢠⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣴⣶⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠬⠠⠁⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣴⣾⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⣨⣧⣿⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢟⣛⣯⣭⣍⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴ ⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠬⠠⠁⡘⢐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣔⣀⣠⣤⣶⣾⣿⡤⢾⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣘⣳⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣛⣻⣭⣽⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⣆⢀⣾⣷⣾ ⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⢁⣒⣐⣤⣆⣢⣥⣶⣶⣿⣿⡿⢿⣛⣏⢿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⢀⠀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣟⣛⣯⣭⣷⢶⣿⢟⢟⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣻⣯⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣫⣭⣵⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣪⣎⣮⣼⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⡿⢿⣟⣿⣽⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡯⡫⢏⢿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⢻⣿⢹⢣⢏⣓⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣷⣤⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⢿⣻⣯⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡏⡿⡟⣌⣮⣮⣿⣮⣿⣷⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡻⢯⢕⣇⣇⣧⣟⣷⣿⣿⠿⠫⢛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⣈⣿⣿⡟⣿⡿⣟⢻⢹⢿⢻⣿⣧⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⢿⢟⢮⠅⢗⣺⣻⣿⣿⡜⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⡎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⡾⣿⢿⢿⢝⣗⡯⣵⢘⣜⣅⣧⣵⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟ ⣤⣶⣿⣛⡻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣧⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢯⢿⠵⣜⣼⣝⣼⣼⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⠷⢹⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣷⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡽⣒⡇⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣛⣯⣭⣶⠞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣟⡯⢽⢹⣑⣭⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣛⣻⣭⣷⣶⣿⣿⡿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠿⢟⣛⣭⣵⠶⢿⣻⣫⣯⡾⠶⠛⠛⠉⠻⠿⠋⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⡟⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣟⣯⡭⣖⣞⣿⣽⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣻⣿⣿⣿⡘⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣛⣫⣭⡶⠾⣟⣏⣯⣾⡿⠾⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠉⠁⠀⠉⠈⠀⢻⣿⣷⢿⣿⡿⢿⣛⣯⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠋⠩⠀⣄⢀⡋⣘⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣭⣶⣾⣿⣿⣯⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣃⡛⠀⠂⠰⠆⢬⠄⣍⠀⡁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡛⠙⠃⠶⠶⣿⢼⣯⢈⡁⣘⠃⠚⠂⠶⠠⠄⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣤⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⠿⠇⠀⡈⢀⡛⠘⠟⢸⠗⡼⠄⣬⢁⣍⠁⡉⠀⠂⠐⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⣀⢀⣙⢙⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢈⠁⠙⠁⠾⠂⠶⠠⠆⢠⠁⢈⠁⠈⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠠⠄⢈⠁⠘⢁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⢠⠸⢃⠴⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡭⠿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠐⠀⠠⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠟⠱⠖⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠰⠀⠤⠀⠀⠸⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠆⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1297 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/9/2021:_GNU_Parallel_20210922,_Moroccan_Propaganda_From_EPO⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:20 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Link_Tech_Show_Episode_923⠀⇛ tech support woes abound, printers, amico, retro consoles # ⚓ Firefox_Snap_Becoming_The_Default_On_Ubuntu_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Snap’s continue to be a controversial software distribution method from Canonical and recently another step towards a full snap system has begun to occur and that is the replacement of Firefox’s deb package with a snap as the default. # ⚓ FLOSS_Weekly_648:_Pop!_OS_and_System76_–_Carl_Richell, Pop_OS!⠀⇛ Carl Richell, founder and CEO of System76 joins Jonathan Bennett and Shawn Powers on FLOSS Weekly. He’s been selling Linux laptops and desktops for years, and now leads the team behind the easy-to- use Pop_OS! One of his biggest fans, Leo Laporte, also joins the show. Open Firmware, what’s new in the OS, and the perfect hardware for keyboard nerds and upcoming news for System 76 are part of the show discussions. Bennett finally gets the scoop behind the “Pop_OS!” name. A fun show with great discussions. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux:_Central_real-time_patches_integrated_after_17_years [Ed: Translation from German]⠀⇛ The heart of real-time support for Linux has finally made it into the official kernel. As before, real-time support cannot be activated there, because there are still some medium-sized and all kinds of small construction sites. Developers of the project, which has been dragged out due to lack of money, discussed these things at the Linux Plumbers Conference 2021, which is currently taking place. There it was also discussed how they want to maintain the whole thing in the future. [...] The recorded changes to locking techniques such as spinlocks, mutexes and Rwlocks are ultimately the core of it all, with the PREEMPT_RT in autumn 2004 still started under a different name Has. The now integrated adjustments added up to a whopping seventy patches. They allow a kernel compiled with real-time support to interrupt almost all of the tasks it has performed at any time without any major delay in order to temporarily devote itself to more important things. This is crucial for real-time support: Linux can quickly turn to programs that always have to complete a certain task in a pre-defined time – even if something unimportant demands a lot from the system and creates adverse conditions. A marking on the process determines which programs the kernel should prefer. For many PCs and servers in particular, this is of no interest, because the greater responsiveness means that other tasks are interrupted more frequently and run more slowly. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Do_We_Still_Need_a_Bastion?⠀⇛ There is a growing discussion among network engineers, DevOps teams, and security professionals about the security benefits of bastions. Many assume that they are the “old way” of network access and have little relevance in the modern cloud native stack. These speculations are not irrelevant as in recent years, the corporate IT network perimeter as we knew it is diminishing, and the concept has been shifted to data, identity, and compute perimeter. Software-defined networking solutions have overtaken hardware firewall boxes, and the requirement of managing bare metal servers has shifted to container deployed or even serverless applications. Where do bastions fit in these scenarios? Do we even need one? # ⚓ What’s_in_a_package⠀⇛ There is no shortage of package managers. Each tool makes its own set of tradeoffs regarding speed, ease of use, customizability, and reproducibility. Guix occupies a sweet spot, providing reproducibility by design as pioneered by Nix, package customization à la Spack from the command line, the ability to create container images without hassle, and more. Beyond the “feature matrix” of the tools themselves, a topic that is often overlooked is packages—or rather, what’s inside of them. Chances are that a given package may be installed using any of the many tools at your disposal. But are you really getting the same thing regardless of the tool you are using? The answer is “no”, contrary to what one might think. The author realized this very acutely while fearlessly attempting to package the PyTorch machine learning framework for Guix. This post is about the journey packaging PyTorch the Guix way, the rationale, a glimpse at what other PyTorch packages out there look like, and conclusions we can draw for high-performance computing and scientific workflows. # ⚓ Courtès:_What’s_in_a_package⠀⇛ Over at the Guix-HPC blog, Ludovic Courtès writes about trying to package the PyTorch machine- learning library for the Guix distribution. Building from source in a user-verifiable manner is part of the philosophy behind Guix, but there were a number of problems that were encountered… # ⚓ How_to_install_Friday_Night_Funkin’_VS_Mario_REMASTERED V1.1_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Friday Night Funkin’ VS Mario REMASTERED V1.1 mod on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Visual_Studio_Code_on_Debian_11 [Ed: This is proprietary software and it lets Microsoft spy on GNU/Linux users]⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Microsoft_Teams_on_Linux_Lite_5.4_– Invidious [Ed: Why are Linux channels encouraging added proprietary software/malware to one's repos?]⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_To_Run_Cron_Jobs_Every_5,_10,_15,_or_30_Minutes_– ByteXD⠀⇛ Cron is used for scheduling tasks in Linux. It helps you automate the repeating tasks at ease. The tasks that are performed at pre-scheduled times are called Cron Jobs. For example, you could create a script for automatically backing up some of your files and run the script as a cron job at a certain interval. We use the crontab command to edit the cron table and schedule tasks according to our preferences. In this tutorial, we’ll go through how to run cron jobs every 5, 10, 15, or 30 minutes, as well as the fundamentals of scheduling cron jobs. If you want an in-depth article that covers all the topics about cron from basics to advanced, check out our tutorial on How to Schedule Cron Jobs in Linux With Crontab. # ⚓ How_to_enable_ssh_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_Linux_–_Linux_Shout⠀⇛ SSH (Secure Shell) is a standard network tool used to access PC and other systems remotely but in a secure way. Here we let you know how to enable SSH on Ubuntu and use it using Authentication keys. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Graphite_and_Graphite_Web_on_Ubuntu_20.04⠀⇛ Graphite is a free and open-source monitoring tool to store numeric time-series data and its graph in real-time. Graphite doesn’t collect data by itself, instead it receives data from other tools. As soon as Graphite receives data it can create graphs in the webapp. In this tutorial, we learn how to install Graphite and Graphite Web on Ubuntu 20.04 using docker. The easiest way to have a running Graphite instance is by using docker. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Godot_Engine_–_Dev_snapshot:_Godot_3.4_beta_5⠀⇛ The upcoming Godot 3.4 release will provide a number of new features which have been backported from the 4.0 development branch (see our release policy for details on the various Godot versions). This beta 5 build provides additional features and fixes to bugs reported against previous builds. If you already reviewed the changelog for the previous beta, you can skip right to the differences between beta 4 and beta 5 (part 1, part 2). Some big changes since the previous beta are the promotion of object validity checks to release builds (no more “dangling pointers” release surprises), initial support for Android Play Asset Delivery, and a new ACES Fitted high quality tonemapper. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_41_Comes_with_Some_Small_but_Very_Useful Features⠀⇛ GNOME 41 is now out and while it doesn’t change as many things as GNOME 40 did, there is still a lot of stuff to talk about. GNOME 41 is the second release to use GNOME’s new version numbering scheme. This replaced the old odd point release approach with a simpler, single integer. For your information the next GNOME 42 release is planned for March 2022. Here are some of the big additions in GNOME 41. # ⚓ GNOME_41_Released:_The_Most_Popular_Linux_Desktop Environment_Gets_Better⠀⇛ GNOME 41 stable release is ultimately here. While GNOME 40 was a radical change forcing many users to adapt to a new workflow, GNOME 41 seems to settle the dust. With GNOME 41, there are no significant workflow changes but new feature additions and improvements across the board. # ⚓ GNOME_41_Review:_Here’s_What’s_New!_–_Invidious⠀⇛ o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ New_free_resources_for_young_people_to_become independent_digital_makers⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_Docs_in_a_clean-room_browser⠀⇛ With the news that Google would be phasing in a new version of Google Docs I thought we ought to get the current version working in Flow. Because of many bug fixes in Flow for other websites, Google Docs now seemed to load mostly fine, though it rendered without word wrap and you couldn’t actually type into it. Like Google Mail, Google Docs almost entirely consists of obfuscated JavaScript, some of it common between the two. Its HTML structure is quite simple, though it uses hidden iframes for various purposes (one for key input and another for calculating word widths, amongst others). Over the course of the couple of months I identified over 30 distinct issues that needed fixing, and I’ll discuss the more interesting ones in the second section of this blog. # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Brave_is_a_browser_of_many_contradictions⠀⇛ It’s not just popup ads that annoy people. You also have creepy companies like Facebook and Google following your every move on the internet. They know what you have been up to and use this information to offer tailored ads. Worse still, sometimes they sell this information to third parties. So we have seen a rise in privacy extensions for browsers too. That is the vision upon which Brave browser was born. It’s easily one of the fastest-growing browsers on the [Internet]. They claim to be a privacy- focused browser. It’s easy to see what Brave is all about. Instead of you having to install Chrome, install Adblock, tweak privacy settings and so on you can just install Brave. It is based on Chromium, the engine that powers Chrome, Chromium and Edge. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ Postgres_14:_It’s_The_Little_Things⠀⇛ A lot of years Postgres will have some big pillar or theme to the release. Often this is thought of after the fact. Everything that is committed is looked at and someone thinks, “This is the key thing to talk about.” In Postgres 9.2 it was JSON, in 9.4 it was JSONB, in 10 it was logical replication, 12 was a broader performance theme. While I look forward to each of these big highlights, in each release I’m equally excited to browse through and pull out the small things that simply make my life better. Postgres is, and for some time will continue to be, the first database I turn to. As Postgres focuses on the little things, it just deepens my commitment to it. Why look elsewhere when the bond just grows over time? So today I wanted to call some extra attention to those little things, the ones that don’t get the spotlight, but simply make a developer’s life better. [....] I’ve talked a lot over the years about how I’m a fan of psql – the CLI client that comes with Postgres. It’s quite feature rich, more so than most CLI tools I know. It has the ability to customize it via a psqlrc, a lot of handy shortcuts, ability to format the output of a query with \x and \x auto to auto format it, and features like \watch to auto re-run a query every few seconds. When I started going through the psql improvements in Postgres 14 it was great to see not just 1 new feature but a slew of them. First, there’s a nice improvement contributed by two of my colleagues to the shortcut \df to allow you to see function and operator arguments. This helps reduce the number of matches for overloaded entries. # ⚓ Postgres_14:_It’s_The_Little_Things_(Kerstiens)⠀⇛ Craig Kerstiens highlights some of the “little things” featured in the upcoming PostgreSQL 14 release. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GNU_Parallel_20210922_(‘Vindelev’)_released_ [stable]⠀⇛ GNU Parallel 20210922 (‘Vindelev’) [stable] has been released. It is available for download at: lbry:// @GnuParallel:4 No new functionality was introduced so this is a good candidate for a stable release. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ The_ephemeral_miniconf⠀⇛ The ephemeral miniconf is a Perl and Raku virtual miniconf that will take place in Zoom the 18 november 2021. It’s free, small and relax. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Debate_and_Controversy_Make_History_Education_Better⠀⇛ The spurious justifications conservative politicians have offered in 28 states for banning Critical Race Theory, the 1619 Project, and candid discussion of the history and the persistence of racism in America leave us with a strong case of déjà vu. Why? Because, in researching America’s reception to Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States (1980), we found the same arguments used by anti-radical activists as they sought for years to ban from public schools and universities Zinn’s best-selling iconoclastic introduction to the American past. Both in the 1980s with Zinn (through his death in 2010) and today with Critical Race Theory and the 1619 Project, the book-banners claim that exposing students to critical history will teach them to hate America and that such exposure is divisive and so disrupts the educational process. # ⚓ Parents’_and_kids’_screen_time_use_can_delay_vocabulary skills_in_young_children,_study_finds⠀⇛ The study examined the development of speech and linguistic expression in kids at 18 and 24 months of age, and found that as parents’ and their children’s use of electronic devices increased — so-called ‘screen time’ — the kids’ vocabularies decreased. # ⚓ Exposure_to_electronic_media_was_negatively_associated_with speech_and_language_development_at_18_and_24_months⠀⇛ Vocabulary size at 18 and 24 months was smaller than previously reported and negatively associated with exposure to electronic media. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Global_Vaccine_Goals_‘Fall_Terribly_Short’_Due_to_Big Pharma_and_Rich_Nations’_Greed:_Experts⠀⇛ As U.S. President Joe Biden on Wednesday kicked off a virtual Covid-19 summit with world leaders by announcing a deal with Pfizer to buy 500 million more coronavirus vaccine doses to donate abroad, public health experts warned that the administration’s stated goals for tackling the pandemic are “woefully inadequate” to address the dire need for vaccines and treatments in the Global South. “The global response to Covid-19 continues to fail millions of people in low- and middle-income countries across the world.”—Deborah Burger, NNU # ⚓ Covid_Strikes_Homeless_Housing⠀⇛ # ⚓ Herd_Immunity:_Covid_Deaths_Devouring_the_South_Are_No Accident⠀⇛ At the end of August, I wrote about the deficiencies in President Joe Biden’s initial response to the Covid-19 pandemic. At the beginning of September, the president announced a series of new initiatives that will tackle many, though not all, of these shortcomings. I am not positing a cause and effect here: I don’t think the president’s inner circle is reading my columns in The Nation to decide what to do. However, what is driving the Biden administration’s moves is reasonable scientific advice, and my comments here were largely framed within the existing scientific consensus of what we should be doing now. We can argue the specifics—and certainly still criticize—but by and large, “science is back” in 2021 (depending where you look, but more on that later). # ⚓ OSHA_Can_Do_Much_More_to_Prevent_Covid_Transmission_at Work⠀⇛ A few weeks ago, with Covid cases and deaths rising and vaccinations slowing, the Biden administration finally decided to admit the reality that the virus had not been defeated and put forward a new plan to tackle its spread. One of the key pillars of the plan relies on a new regulation from the Occupational and Safety Hazard Administration (OSHA) that requires all employers with more than 100 employees to mandate the Covid-19 vaccination for their employees or subject them to regular, weekly testing. This builds on the administration’s prior commitment to mandate vaccination for federal employees. While this is certainly a good first step, the choice to use OSHA to solely regulate the vaccination of individuals rather than hold employers accountable for Covid safety failures continues the Biden flawed strategy of focusing mostly on individuals and ignoring the context in which the virus spreads. # ⚓ Health_Experts_‘Speechless’_as_DeSantis_Taps_Anti-Mask Vaccine_Skeptic_for_Florida_Surgeon_General⠀⇛ Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis came under fire from Democratic lawmakers and public health experts following the Republican’s Tuesday announcement that Dr. Joseph Ladapo—who opposes mask and coronavirus vaccine mandates—would be the state’s next surgeon general. “I’m speechless. I attended medical school with Dr. Joseph Ladapo and to say I’m shocked by his opposition to mask and vaccine mandates is an understatement.”—Dr. Uché Blackstock, physician # ⚓ Gov._Ron_DeSantis_further_embraces_the_Great_Barrington Declaration_by_appointing_Dr._Joseph_Ladapo_as_Florida Surgeon_General⠀⇛ I’ve written several times about the Great Barrington Declaration (GBD), a statement released by three COVID-19-minimizing scientists, Dr. Sunetra Gupta (University of Oxford), Dr. Martin Kulldorff (Harvard University) and Dr. Jay Bhattacharya (Stanford University). Named after the Massachusetts town where the American Institute of Economic Research (AIER, the libertarian “free market” think tank that birthed the declaration) is based, the Great Barrington Declaration, which, it should be noted, was published two months before any COVID-19 vaccines received emergency use authorizations (EUAs) from the FDA, advocated basically letting COVID-19 rip through the “healthy population” to achieve “natural herd immunity” while using “focused protection” to keep those at high risk of severe disease and death from the virus (e.g., the elderly and those with chronic health conditions that put them at high risk) safe from COVID-19. Unfortunately, what was meant by “focused protection” was never really defined, and the GBD totally ignored the impossibility of “focused protection” of those at high risk from an infectious disease that was spreading unchecked through the rest of the population. As I said at the time, the entire idea struck me as not-so- thinly disguised eugenics that would let the “unhealthy” suffer and die in the name of getting the business of business rolling again, while the AIER’s likening GBD adherents to abolitionists was risible in the extreme. All of this is simply a lead-up, however, to a story from yesterday, in which Governor Ron DeSantis announced that Dr. Joseph Ladapo would be Florida’s new Surgeon General and Secretary of the Florida Department of Health: # ⚓ Shock_in_Germany_after_cashier_shot_dead_in_brawl_over mask⠀⇛ The Tagesspiegel newspaper said far-right chat groups on Telegram were applauding the murder, with one user writing “Here we go!!!” while others posted thumbs-up emojis. Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht said it was “repulsive” that the killing was being used online “to spread even more hatred and contempt” for human life. # ⚓ ‘Soul-crushing’:_US_COVID-19_deaths_are_topping_1,900_a day⠀⇛ COVID-19 deaths in the U.S. have climbed to an average of more than 1,900 a day for the first time since early March, with experts saying the virus is preying largely on a distinct group: 71 million unvaccinated Americans. # ⚓ Kenyan_Mathematician_Forecasts_COVID-19_Waves⠀⇛ His work showed that the continent was headed down the same path as the rest of the world when it came to COVID-19. To expand his forecasting ability for COVID-19 waves, Sam adapted an existing mathematic model known as ARIMA, which stands for autoregressive integrated moving average. The adaptation let him extend ARIMA’s forecast capability from about one month up to eight, making it possible to predict infection waves farther into the future. The goal was to help public health officials prepare hospitals and staff for coming waves. Information about the resulting model, known as the Otoi-NARIMA Model, was published this year in the International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics. # ⚓ WHO_revises_air_quality_guidelines_to_reduce_deaths_from pollution⠀⇛ What they’re saying: “Clean air should be a fundamental human right and a necessary condition for healthy and productive societies,” said Hans Henri Kluge, the WHO’s regional director for Europe, said in a press release. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Zoom’s_$15bn_merger_with_Five9_probed_by_Uncle_Sam for_national_security_risks⠀⇛ Zoom’s ties to China are at the center of a US government investigation into the video- conferencing giant’s $15bn plan to take over Five9, a California call-center-in-the-cloud. The snappily titled Committee for the Assessment of Foreign Participation in the United States Telecommunications Service Sector – known as Team Telecom under a previous president – is right now probing the planned acquisition. This interagency panel is chaired by Attorney General Merrick Garland, and has reps from the Pentagon and Homeland Security. # ⚓ U.S._Farm_Cooperative_Takes_Systems_Offline_After Ransomware_Attack_Linked_To_Russian_[Crackers] [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The attack on New Cooperative, which is believed to have been launched last week just as Iowa’s corn and soy harvesting got under way, has been attributed to a group called BlackMatter. # ⚓ Federal_agencies_warn_companies_to_be_on_guard against_prolific_ransomware_strain [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The FBI, the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on Wednesday issued a warning to U.S. organizations to be aware of a specific type of ransomware that has already wreaked havoc on hundreds of groups. The agencies issued a joint alert specifically warning groups to be on guard against the Conti ransomware variant, with the agencies noting that 400 U.S. and international groups had already fallen victim to Conti. # ⚓ Tim_Cook_says_employees_who_leak_memos_do_not_belong at_Apple,_according_to_leaked_memo⠀⇛ On September 17th, Tim Cook announced during an internal company-wide meeting that Apple would be requiring frequent testing for unvaccinated employees — but was stopping short of a vaccine mandate. He also said that he was “looking forward to moving forward” after the Epic v. Apple antitrust case. Shortly after the meeting, both pieces of news leaked to The Verge. Now, Cook is tying the news to product leaks — which the company has historically gone to great lengths to track down. # § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Scammers_on_Facebook_Marketplace_Target Users_From_Around_the_World⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_Avoid_Being_Scammed_on_Facebook Marketplace⠀⇛ Even though Facebook Marketplace is backed by the power of the social networking giant, buying and selling items through the service can still carry the same risks as making purchases on other peer-to-peer platforms or through the classified ads of the local newspaper. Buyers and sellers on Marketplace frequently know little about each other. Without taking sensible precautions, either party could end up being a victim of robbery or fraud. Some Marketplace users have had their goods or money stolen, while others have fallen prey to violent criminals they connected with through the popular reselling platform. # ⚓ Facebook_Grew_Marketplace_to_1_Billion Users._Now_Scammers_Are_Using_It_to_Target People_Around_the_World.⠀⇛ For years, Carman Alfonsi relied upon Facebook Marketplace to buy and sell used pool tables for his Michigan billiards business. He banked a steady stream of income from the wildly popular online bazaar. But this July, Alfonsi’s Facebook account was hacked and used to post roughly 100 scam listings for cell phones and vehicles. The Marketplace posts directed buyers to contact an email address controlled by the scammers. When customers were left empty-handed, they sent enraged messages to Alfonsi by phone and Facebook Messenger. # ⚓ A_vaccine_mandate_hides_an_ID_mandate⠀⇛ As we have long feared, and as has already happened in other countries, COVID-19 vaccination requirements are being used to impose unrelated ID requirements. There’s a difference between “unvaccinated” and “undocumented” — a difference that’s  gotten lost in some recent regulations and orders imposing “vaccination mandates”. Case in point: the San Francisco Department of Public Health. # ⚓ Katy_Perry,_The_Chainsmokers,_Marty Bandier_Join_$5_Million_Round_for_Audius⠀⇛ Artists on Audius can easily make their songs available for TikTok users in their videos. Artists can also link their following on TikTok back to the Audius platform. It’s a way for unsigned artists to get their music heard on a platform that has become increasingly important for music discovery. # ⚓ Facebook_fights_for_its_image⠀⇛ The big picture: This newest Facebook controversy comes on the heels of a week of Wall Street Journal stories based on leaked internal research documenting problems with fairness in content moderation, misinformation and harm to teenagers. # ⚓ [Old] Cars_Have_Your_Location._This_Spy Firm_Wants_to_Sell_It_to_the_U.S. Military⠀⇛ A surveillance contractor that has previously sold services to the U.S. military is advertising a product that it says can locate the real-time locations of specific cars in nearly any country on Earth. It says it does this by using data collected and sent by the cars and their components themselves, according to a document obtained by Motherboard. # ⚓ Twitter_to_pay_$810m_to_aggrieved shareholders_for_lying⠀⇛ What happened was that earlier in 2014, Twitter had stopped releasing timeline views figures. The company kept track of daily active users but did not disclose those figures to shareholders. What they did disclose were monthly active users. Why? The daily active user figures showed flatlining or declining user engagement. In November of 2014 Twitter’s management went further as to promise unattainable targets. 550 million monthly active users in the intermediate term and over a billion in the longer term. They fell woefully short in reaching those targets. # ⚓ Facebook_names_a_new_CTO_with_a_major focus_on_hardware⠀⇛ Facebook is serious about being a long-term player in hardware. On Wednesday, the company promoted Andrew Bosworth, the current head of its hardware division that makes Oculus and other consumer devices, to the role of chief technology officer, replacing outgoing CTO Mike Schroepfer when he becomes a senior fellow next year. In his new role, Bosworth, who goes by Boz, will continue to lead the hardware group, called Facebook Reality Labs, while also assuming responsibility for Facebook’s broader software engineering organization and artificial intelligence efforts. He’ll report directly to CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who has taken a keen interest in developing AR glasses and the metaverse. # ⚓ Lithuania_tells_its_citizens_to_throw Xiaomi_mobile_devices_in_the_bin⠀⇛ Lithuania’s National Cyber Security Centre has told its citizens to get rid of Xiaomi- made mobile devices amid fears that the Chinese company could remotely enable censorship tools. In an audit it published yesterday [PDF] the agency called out Xiaomi’s Mi 10T 5G phone handset firmware for being able to censor terms such as “Free Tibet”, “Long live Taiwan independence” or “democracy movement”. Defence Deputy Minister Margiris Abukevicius told reporters at the audit’s release: “Our recommendation is to not buy new Chinese phones, and to get rid of those already purchased as fast as reasonably possible.” o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Cuban_Diplomat_on_U.S._Blockade,_Havana’s_Homegrown Vaccines_&_Biden’s_Hypocrisy_on_Human_Rights⠀⇛ Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel has criticized the United States for intensifying its embargo at a time when Cuba is facing a surge in COVID-19 cases and deaths. “The Biden administration policy toward Cuba today has been the Trump administration policy toward Cuba,” says Carlos Fernández de Cossío, director general for U.S. affairs in the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He says Cuba also rejects U.S. claims about “Havana syndrome,” the name given to mysterious neurological symptoms some American diplomats and CIA officers say they have experienced in foreign postings, including in Cuba. “The U.S. government has no answer to explain what has happened,” says Fernández de Cossío. We also speak with Fernández de Cossío about the U.S.’s “double standard” in its treatment of refugees, and the brutal tactics being used against Haitian asylum seekers along the border. # ⚓ Uniting_Against_the_American_War_Machine⠀⇛ Yoda, the Jedi Master in the Star Wars films, once pointed out that the future is all too difficult to see, and it’s hard to deny his insight. Yet I’d argue that when it comes to the US military and its wars, Yoda was just plain wrong. That part of the future is all too easy to imagine. It involves, you won’t be shocked to know, more budget-busting weaponry for the Pentagon and more military meddling across the globe, perhaps this time against “near-peer” rivals China and Russia, and a Global War on Terror that will never end. What’s even easier to see is that peace will be given no chance at all. Why? Because it’s just not in the interests of America’s deeply influential military- congressional-industrial complex. # ⚓ Barbara_Lee_Offers_Amendment_to_Reduce_Pentagon_Budget_by $25_Billion⠀⇛ # ⚓ North_Korea’s_Missile_Tests_Aren’t_Surprising._Biden_Has Been_Fueling_Tensions.⠀⇛ # ⚓ GOP_Extremism_is_Backfiring_Badly⠀⇛ # ⚓ After_20_Years_of_Failed_War,_Corporate_Media_Still_Give Wars_of_Empire_a_Pass⠀⇛ 20 years earlier, the US Military said the bombing of Afghanistan was necessary to avenge the attacks on the World Trade Center, and thus began the longest war in US history. In the Chaos of Kabul: Only Some Lives are Valuable # ⚓ How_Corporations_Won_the_War_on_Terror⠀⇛ Corporations large and small have left the financial feast of that post-9/11 surge in military spending with genuinely staggering sums in hand. After all, Pentagon spending has totaled an almost unimaginable $14 trillion-plus since the start of the Afghan War in 2001, up to one-half of which (catch a breath here) went directly to defense contractors. “The Purse is Now Open”: The Post-9/11 Flood of Military Contracts # ⚓ To_Fight_the_GOP’s_Radicalized_Base,_We_Have_to_Push_Left⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘The_Demonization_Was_Meant_to_Pacify_Readers_to_Accept_the Brutality’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed Milton Allimadi about New York Times coverage of Africa for the September 17, 2021, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. # ⚓ Sudanese_army_foils_coup_attempt_by_Islamist_officers⠀⇛ Islamist officers in the Sudanese army tried to seize power in Khartoum on Tuesday morning but their attempted coup has been foiled. Military and civilian Sudanese officials confirmed the aborted coup but until now the transitional government did not issue a statement about the situation. In the early hours of Tuesday morning, Member of the Sovereign Council Mohamed al-Faki who is also its spokesman issued a short call on social media to the Sudanese to take to the street to “protect the democratic transition.” # ⚓ Hundreds_of_Civilians_Slain_by_Militia_in_Burkina_Faso Since_May⠀⇛ NRC says that they believe that as many as 275,000 new people may have been displaced by the current violence. This violence is likely connected with the ongoing growth of militant jihadism in Mali. These extremist groups have been spreading further and further South and East into Niger and Burkina Faso. # ⚓ Russian_Government_Killed_Former_KGB_Agent,_Says_European Court_Of_Human_Rights⠀⇛ # ⚓ UK_Police_Charge_3rd_Man_in_Effort_to_Kill_Skripal⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ German_journalist_Michael_Trammer_detained,_charged_with trespassing_while_covering_environmental_protesters⠀⇛ “German police never should have detained photojournalist Michael Trammer, let alone filed criminal charges against him for simply doing his job and covering newsworthy events,” said Gulnoza Said, CPJ’s Europe and Central Asia program coordinator, in New York. “Authorities should drop the charges against Trammer and issue a public explanation for why he was detained despite clearly identifying himself as a member of the press.” On September 10 and 11, thousands protested at the International Motor Show in Munich against the country’s “car-dominated traffic policy,” and activists repeatedly clashed with police, according to news reports. # ⚓ Labour_Criticised_Over_Drax-Sponsored_‘Zero_Carbon’_Party Conference_Event⠀⇛ The Labour Party has been accused of helping biomass energy giant Drax engage in “green spin” by holding a climate event at its upcoming conference sponsored by the North Yorkshire company. Drax – which emitted 19.4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2020, including 13.2 million from burning biomass, according to environmental law charity ClientEarth – is sponsoring an event called “How Can the UK Build a Zero Carbon, Lower Cost Energy Future?” at the Labour conference in Brighton on Monday. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Entergy_Resisted_Upgrading_New_Orleans’_Power_Grid. When_Ida_Hit,_Residents_Paid_the_Price.⠀⇛ The day after Wilma Banks lost power, the stale, sticky air inside her apartment became suffocating. Typically, when her breathing was strained, Banks strapped on her plastic nebulizer mask. A medicated mist would flow into her lungs, making her short breaths full again. # ⚓ How_Big_Oil_Continues_to_Buy_Off_Politicians⠀⇛ “Once again, Republican legislators have sided with polluters and taken hundreds of thousands of dirty dollars from the oil and gas industries,” said Brandon Dawson, director of the Sierra Club California. “This newest round of dirty money shows the oil and gas industries are committed to undermining the Democratic stronghold in the legislature and imperiling the health and safety of millions of Californians.” While some state legislators made it out of another quarter avoiding fossil fuel campaign contributions, several others, including quite a few Assembly Democrats, amassed stashes of fossil fuel donations according to the group. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ California’s_Reliance_on_Dams_Puts_Fish_in_Hot Water⠀⇛ # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Slowing_population_growth_can_have_broad_benefits_for society,_including_enhancing_the_many_ways_that_older citizens_enrich_our_communities.⠀⇛ Aging populations are the inevitable symptom of our success. Thanks to modern medicine, most people born are able to live long and healthy lives. And contraception helped us avoid having more children than we can support well, in the process curtailing the impoverishment and resource constraints inflicted by population growth. If sustainable prosperity is possible, the population boom of the past 75 years must end. We will have more elderly people than ever before, but most will also be healthier and making a positive contribution to society, whether in paid work or not. The age ratios will find a new stability that still has more potential workers than jobs. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Imagine_Life_After_Capitalism⠀⇛ But is there something more to this question, “what do you want,” that the benefit of being on the present side of history distorts? Can we, perhaps should we, reject wrongs today while armed with a clear vision for tomorrow? On the Left, now and often historically, there is a lack of vision. Perhaps we are merely heeding the cautions of our intellectual lamas, resisting overprescribed blueprints for future society as unknowable at best and authoritarian at worst. But perhaps, we are also using this wisdom as a crutch because we are afraid to look ahead into the void and believe that we can actually change the world, totally. So, we call out society’s wrongs, try to respond to the urgent and dire issues of now, surviving and fighting in the present. And to be fair, keeping your head above water, struggling against a rough sea of suffering, can be a task that leaves little untapped. Even those who might join the struggle for a better world often succumb to mental and emotional exhaustion before they ever lend their voice or lift a finger, let alone allow a cause to set fire to their hearts so that inaction is no longer possible. The prospect of it all can be like a lead weight. Without vision, real attainable inspiring vision, we mistake tactics for strategy, fight from one battle to the next, and too often fail to see a clear path ahead as we wither from fatigue, squabble, and generally fail to inspire massively and deeply for our cause. # ⚓ Why_Are_House_Democrats_So_Reluctant_to_Tax_Wealth?⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_Desperate_Trump_Is_Suing_His_Niece_&_New_York_Times_for Reporting_on_His_Taxes⠀⇛ # ⚓ Chicago_Mayor_Lori_Lightfoot_Proposes_Further_Traffic Ticket_Reforms_to_Help_Low-Income_Motorists⠀⇛ Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot has proposed two pilot programs to help low-income motorists cope with the city’s punitive vehicle-ticketing and debt- collection system. One halves the cost of the citations, the other offers debt relief. Lightfoot, who campaigned in part on a pledge to end what she has called the city’s “addiction” to fines and fees, also proposed forgiving some tickets when motorists come into compliance with the law, a solution some advocates have supported for years. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Progressives_Unite_as_Conservative_Democrats_Continue_to Sabotage_Biden_Agenda⠀⇛ # ⚓ Schumer_Hints_at_Filibuster_Workaround_If_Republicans Stonewall_Voting_Rights⠀⇛ # ⚓ As_Democratic_Gears_Grind,_Their_Flawed_Legislation_Tiptoes Toward_Doom⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_War_on_Terror_Sacrificed_Thousands_of_Lives_to_Avoid Tough_Political_Decisions⠀⇛ The infrastructure of Islamic terror is made up of three groups: domestic infrastructure, financial infrastructure, and organizational infrastructure. The domestic infrastructure consists of the populations who are the source of Islamic terrorism, the financial infrastructure comes from the state sponsors and billionaire funders of terrorism, and the organizational infrastructure is represented by the terrorist groups like Al Qaeda that run training camps and plan operations. Going after training camps and terror leaders made sense, but it was also the most difficult militarily, requiring the deployment of troops to distant countries to engage in guerrilla warfare in hostile environments and counterterrorism in enemy cities, and the easiest politically. # ⚓ No_More_Apologies:_Inside_Facebook’s_Push_to_Defend_Its Image⠀⇛ Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s chief executive, signed off last month on a new initiative code-named Project Amplify. The effort, which was hatched at an internal meeting in January, had a specific purpose: to use Facebook’s News Feed, the site’s most important digital real estate, to show people positive stories about the social network. The idea was that pushing pro-Facebook news items — some of them written by the company — would improve its image in the eyes of its users, three people with knowledge of the effort said. But the move was sensitive because Facebook had not previously positioned the News Feed as a place where it burnished its own reputation. Several executives at the meeting were shocked by the proposal, one attendee said. # ⚓ Protection_of_whistleblowers_key_to_fighting_corruption⠀⇛ Special Investigating Unit (SIU) head, Advocate Andy Mothibi, says whistleblowers remain an important aspect to combatting corruption. # ⚓ Facebook_Chief_Technology_Officer_Schroepfer_to_Step_Down⠀⇛ Another longtime Facebook executive, Andrew Bosworth, will take over as CTO, according to an internal message on Wednesday from Chief Executive Officer Mark Zuckerberg. Schroepfer’s move marks the most significant departure from the company in years and follows the recent exits of several other top executives. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Misinformation_on_Facebook_got_six_times_more_clicks_than factual_news_during_the_2020_election,_study_says⠀⇛ Ever since “fake news” on Facebook became a public concern following the 2016 presidential election, publishers who traffic in misinformation have been repeatedly shown to be able to gain major audiences on the platform. But the NYU study is one of the few comprehensive attempts to measure and isolate the misinformation effect across a wide group of publishers on Facebook, experts said, and its conclusions support the criticism that Facebook’s platform rewards publishers that put out misleading accounts. The study “helps add to the growing body of evidence that, despite a variety of mitigation efforts, misinformation has found a comfortable home — and an engaged audience — on Facebook,” said Rebekah Tromble, director of the Institute for Data, Democracy and Politics at George Washington University, who reviewed the study’s findings. # ⚓ Column:_No,_those_aren’t_whips_the_Border_Patrol_is_using while_dealing_with_Haitian_migrants⠀⇛ “If you come to the United States illegally, you will be returned,” Mayorkas warned. “Your journey will not succeed, and you will be endangering your life and your family’s life.” Sad but true. There are no easy answers to our border challenges, which I don’t see as a “crisis” in the way some people do. We do have answers, if our opposing political parties can find their way to agreement on some of them. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Hong_Kong_Police_Order_Tiananmen_Vigil_Organizers_to_Take Down_Online_Content⠀⇛ Hong Kong’s national security police have ordered the organizers of a now-banned candlelight vigil for the victims of the June 4, 1989 Tiananmen massacre to delete all of their online posts, the group said via its Facebook page on Thursday. The Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China said it would comply with a national security police demand to remove all content from its website and social media accounts under a draconian national security law imposed on Hong Kong by the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from July 1, 2020. # ⚓ Hong_Kong_Tiananmen_Massacre_group_vanishes_from_internet after_police_demand;_11_years_of_Victoria_Park_vigil_vids deleted⠀⇛ The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China said on Thursday that the group, seven of its standing committee members, and the company secretary received letters from the Commissioner of Police last Friday demanding they remove all “online platform information.” # ⚓ China’s_Biggest_Movie_Star_Was_Erased_From_the_Internet, and_the_Mystery_Is_Why⠀⇛ Today, the 45-year-old star has been erased from the Chinese [Internet]. Searches for her name on the country’s biggest video-streaming sites come up blank. Her projects, including the wildly popular TV series “My Fair Princess,” have been removed. Anyone looking up her acclaimed film “So Young” on China’s equivalent of Wikipedia wouldn’t know she was the director; the field now reads “—-.” Ms. Zhao’s online disappearance on Aug. 26 came at the onset of a broader clampdown on the country’s entertainment industry as the Communist Party attempts to halt what it sees as a rise in unhealthy celebrity culture. The Chinese government hasn’t publicly stated what prompted this sudden change to her status, raising questions among fans and observers about how far it is willing to go against her and other celebrities, and why. The mystery also has sparked open speculation about what, if anything, she might have done wrong. # ⚓ Iron_curtain_falls_on_Hong_Kong_cinema_as_censors_demand cuts⠀⇛ In June, authorities announced all films would now be scrutinised for “national security” breaches. Mok’s was the first known to have fallen foul of these rules. # ⚓ Tibetan_Writer_Dies_After_Eight_Years_of_Failing_Health Following_Release_From_Prison⠀⇛ A Tibetan writer jailed for three years for criticizing Chinese government policies in Tibet died this week in Sichuan’s capital Chengdu after suffering ill health for eight years following his release, Tibetan sources say. Ra Tsering Dhondup, who wrote under the pen name Shinglo Marpo, was a monk at the Rongtha monastery in Khyungchu county in Sichuan’s Ngaba (in Chinese, Aba) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and was 34 at the time of his death. Dhondup was arrested in February 2010 for publishing a magazine “whose content criticized the Chinese communist government,” Gendun Tsering—a friend and former colleague of Dhondup’s now living in India—told RFA’s Tibetan Service. # ⚓ Twitter_says_it_will_fix_disappearing_tweets_issue⠀⇛ Here’s what you might have run into. If you were looking at a tweet on your timeline, and at the same time someone else you follow replied to it, or the original tweeter threaded it, the app would suddenly refresh, while the tweet disappeared from view. That’s obviously not ideal, so Twitter plans to make changes over the next two months to fix the problem. # ⚓ Report_Highlights_Belarus’s_‘Repressive’_Campaign_Against Internet_Freedom⠀⇛ Human rights watchdog Freedom House says global Internet freedom has declined dramatically in Belarus, where last year’s disputed presidential election led the authorities to repeatedly restrict access to the Internet, increase social media surveillance, and detain and use “deadly force” against online activists. According to the report Freedom on the Net 2021, published by Washington-based Freedom House on September 21, the “repressive campaign” by authorities against Internet liberty continued into this year, leading to a seven-point decline in the country’s Internet freedom — a drop surpassed only by Burma. # ⚓ Afghanistan_:_Taliban_“journalism_rules”_open_way_to censorship_and_persecution,_RSF_warns⠀⇛ Reporters Without Borders (RSF) is very disturbed by the “11 journalism rules” that the Taliban announced at a meeting with the media on 19 September. The rules that Afghan journalists will now have to implement are vaguely worded, dangerous and liable to be used to persecute them. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Free_Speech_and_Press⠀⇛ Some ancient Greeks and Romans first proposed tolerance of differing viewpoints. In 1501, Pope Alexander XI of the notorious Borgias ordered censorship of unwanted ideas. The church’s famed Index Expurgatorius, listing banned books, was launched in 1559 and continued for centuries, eventually forbidding believers to read works of Rene Descartes, Galileo, David Hume, John Locke, Daniel Defoe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire and many other thinkers. In France, printer-scholar Etienne Dolet was burned at the stake in 1546 for his unorthodox writings. England’s infamous Star Chamber, which tortured and mutilated nonconformists, also censored printed material. In 1644, poet John Milton’s Aeropagitica appeal to Parliament opposed censorship of writings. “Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties,” he wrote. # ⚓ [Old] Julian_Assange:_Costs_of_policing_Wikileaks_founder reach_£10m⠀⇛ The figures – which equate to more than £10,000 a day – were obtained by LBC radio under the Freedom of Information Act. # ⚓ US_bid_to_extradite_Julian_Assange_has_cost_British taxpayers_more_than_£300,000⠀⇛ According to investigative site Declassified UK, which obtained the prosecution costs via a freedom of information request to the CPS, another £22,000 of public money was spent on expert witness contributions as well as £5,000 on transcripts. Combined with court costs and money spent locking up Mr Assange in Belmarsh prison, Declassified reports that the costs of the extradition case total at least £317,000. # ⚓ [Old] Information_Security_for_Journalists⠀⇛ With journalist Silkie Carlo I have co-authored a ‘handbook’ on practical information security for journalists commissioned by the UK Centre for Investigative Journalism. The CIJ handbook ‘Information Security for Journalists‘ was launched at the CIJ Summer School 2014 in London. The book will be forever freely available in a range of electronic formats – see download links below. In the four months after the initial publication in we have rewritten certain parts based on feedback from the initial readers and updated other parts to stay current with the latest software changes. Many thanks to all who gave us valuable feedback. Altough this book was originally written for investigative journalists most of the described concepts and technical solutions are just as usable by lawyers or advisors protecting communications with their clients, doctors protecting medical privacy and of course politicians, activists or anyone else who engages powerful state and corporate organisations. Really, we’re all journalists now. Inside the book is a mailadres for getting in touch, please let us know how your are using it and what we can do better. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Number_of_Immigrants_Detained_by_ICE_Has_Increased_70 Percent_Under_Biden⠀⇛ # ⚓ A_New_Model_of_Refugee_Housing_is_Needed_for_Better Integration⠀⇛ Housing crisis It is widely acknowledged that the United Kingdom is experiencing a housing crisis: in recent decades, the cost of buying a home has increased faster than salaries, pricing many people out of the market. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Climate_Change_Is_Triggering_a_New_Refugee Crisis—Inside_the_US⠀⇛ The headlines in recent weeks read like signs of an impending apocalypse. Sixteen years to the day since Hurricane Katrina slammed into New Orleans, the Louisiana coast was again battered by Hurricane Ida, one of the strongest storms ever recorded in the state. Wildfires in California have blanketed the western U.S. with smoke, prompting mass evacuations. In New York, floodwaters poured into the subway and through the windows of basement apartments. # ⚓ Corruption_and_Drug_Trade_Fueled_Honduran_Migration_to_US⠀⇛ # ⚓ Tibetans_Detained_in_Kardze_Language_Rights_Arrests_Are Denied_Proper_Food,_Medical_Care⠀⇛ More than a hundred Tibetans detained by Chinese police in Sichuan’s Kardze prefecture since August have been denied proper food, clothing, and medical care, leaving many in poor health, Tibetan sources say. At least 121 residents of Dza Wonpo township in Kardze’s Sershul (in Chinese, Shiqu) county have been arrested during the last three weeks amid a crackdown by authorities on language rights and possession of banned images of Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, sources said. Many were members of a local group promoting the use of the Tibetan language, now being replaced under government orders by Chinese as the sole medium for classroom instruction in local schools, a Tibetan living in exile told RFA, citing local sources. # ⚓ Moral_policing:_Bengaluru_man_assaulted_for_giving_lift_to Muslim_woman⠀⇛ Two persons waylaid and assaulted a Hindu man for giving a lift to his female Muslim colleague on Friday night. The accused abused the woman, forced her off the bike and also abused her husband over the phone. # ⚓ Parents_of_newly_engaged_11-year-old_bride,_12-year-old groom_arrested_in_Egypt⠀⇛ Sahar al-Sunbati, secretary-general of the council, said in a statement that the Child Support System was notified about the incident on Saturday via their designated hotline, citing photos of the children in question being circulated on social media. Al-Sunbati condemned the incident, stating that it violated the provision of Article 80 of the country’s constitution which stipulates that the state is obliged to intervene in cases where children are subject to violence, abuse or ill- treatment. # ⚓ Iranian_children_are_being_punished_based_on_their_parents’ religion_and_beliefs⠀⇛ However, this hate speech and discrimination isn’t unique to the Baha’i Faith and includes other religious minorities like the Sabean-Mandaeans. Even choosing and officially registering a Mandaean name increases “great fear” of being insulted and facing educational and financial obstacles, said one of the members of this community to Behnaz Hosseini, a research fellow at the University of Oxford. As Hosseini noted in her March report, Sabean-Mandaeans are often called “infidels and impure Muslims in the mosques, which negatively impacted [their] collective emotions.” # ⚓ Police_violence_against_reporters,_media_outlet,_during protest_in_Kinshasa⠀⇛ Police attacked journalists and inflicted damage on the headquarters of a media outlet during a banned protest last Wednesday in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo’s capital. Reporters Without Borders (RSF) condemns the exceptional violence used by the police and calls for those responsible to be sanctioned. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Nigeria_extends_phone_blackout_as_crackdown_on_banditry spreads⠀⇛ Nigerian authorities imposed a communications blackout on Monday in several parts of Sokoto state as a crackdown against armed kidnappers in the country’s northwest region spreads. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ An_Early_Look_at_the_PTAB’s_Use_of_Fintiv_and Discretion:_Discretionary_Denials_Through_September 2021⠀⇛ Institution decisions are generally down in 2021 to date, compared to previous years. Nonetheless, the USPTO’s use of procedural denials rivals last year’s. In 2020, nearly 19% of all institution decisions were denied procedurally, whereas this year, over 16% are denied—over 144 of the 377 denials to date have been denied under the Board’s discretion. In other words, almost 40% of all denials this year have been non-substantive. # ⚓ Unified’s_Patent_Quality_Initiative_(PQI)_Releases Economic_Report_Related_to_the_Economic_Impact_of_the AIA_as_it_Relates_to_Potential_Expansions⠀⇛ Innovation has long been recognized as the key factor supporting US economic growth and competitiveness. A critical element of the infrastructure facilitating product development and commercialization is the system that protects intellectual property and encourages its widespread adoption and implementation. The current framework that facilitates this process includes the Leahy- Smith America Invents Act (AIA) and the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB). The AIA and PTAB reduce the need for patent litigation, reducing costs and generating substantial economic benefits. Potential expansions of the AIA would lead to additional gains in business activity. # ⚓ Missing_Decisions_and_the_Federal_Circuit [Ed: "On the other hand, they were enough for Law360 authors to write about." Because patent maximalists' sites try to 'scandalise' PTAB and promote fake patents.]⠀⇛ Last week the Federal Circuit issued two interesting orders in appeals from the USPTO. In the first, In re Zhu (Appeal No. 2021- 1761), Sept. 13, 2021, the Federal Circuit vacated the decision of the PTAB and remanded the case to the PTO “for reconsideration of whether the claims are directed to an improvement in computer functionality, especially in light of this court’s recent case law.” (internal quotations and brackets removed). The context of this, according to Timothy Hu, was the Federal Circuit’s 2020 Uniloc v. LG ruling together with the PTO’s own request for a remand “to permit further proceedings” – i.e: this was a patent eligible subject matter issue that the PTO decided to take another look at while the appeal was pending. The second, In re Boloro (Appeal nos. 2019- 2349, -2351, -2353), Sept. 16, 2021, was an order by the Federal Circuit remanding the case to allow Bolero to request Director rehearing of the final written decisions in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Arthrex, Inc., 141 S.Ct. 1970 (2021). The Federal Circuit had previously issued an order remanding the case for assignment to a different panel, its earlier remedy for the Constitutional appointments issue with patent judges. As Andrew Karpan recently wrote, this order extends the effects of Arthrex to ex parte appeals. # ⚓ EPO_and_Moroccan_IP_office_sign_Memorandum_of Understanding [Ed: EPO stretching_far for PR stunts]⠀⇛ EPO President António Campinos and the new Director General of the Moroccan Office of Industrial and Commercial Property (OMPIC) Mr Abdelaziz Babqiqi have met for the first time at an online meeting on 22 September, opening a new chapter of co-operation between their offices. Mr Campinos and Mr Babqiqi took stock of the validation agreement between the EPO and OMPIC, which entered into force on 1 March 2015 as the first ever EPO validation agreement. Under the agreement, around 400 granted European patents were validated in Morocco in 2020, a number that is expected to grow in the coming years. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Movie_Companies_Demand_Over_$10m_in_Piracy_Damages from_LiquidVPN⠀⇛ The makers of popular films including “Hunter Killer,” “Automata,” and “I Feel Pretty” are demanding over $10 million in piracy damages from VPN provider LiquidVPN. The movie companies ask the court to issue a default judgment since the VPN provider failed to show up in court. Meanwhile, LiquidVPN’s website seems to have disappeared. # ⚓ Grand_Jury_Charges_‘Omi_in_a_Hellcat’_With_Conspiracy to_Pirate_Xfinity_&_Spectrum_TV_Services⠀⇛ A just unsealed grand jury indictment places YouTuber Bill Omar Carrasquillo (Omi in a Hellcat) and two other men at the heart of a massive conspiracy to illegally obtain Comcast, Verizon, Charter and other TV services’ content and distribute it to the public via several Gears-branded pirate IPTV services. According to the US government, the defendants made at least $34m. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3338 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/9/2021:_PostgreSQL_14_RC_1_and_MidnightBSD_2.1⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:04 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Kali_Linux_2021.3_Quick_overview_#Shorts_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A Quick overview of Kali Linux 2021.3 # ⚓ S14E29_–_Penultimate_Episode_Recorded⠀⇛ This week we’ve been buying iPhones and playing with floppy disk emulators. We bring you new from the Ubuntu community and our favourite stories from past episodes of Ubuntu Podcast. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Fix_Is_Pending_For_That_Linux_5.15_Performance_Regression –_Phoronix⠀⇛ Last week was the article on noticing various workloads performing slower on the Linux 5.15 development kernel. There is now a patch pending that in testing so far does indeed correct the performance drop on this forthcoming kernel. As outlined in that prior article, the Linux 5.15 performance regression was tracked down to memory accounting “memcg” changes that landed during the Linux 5.15 merge window. # ⚓ “panel-edp”_Driver_On_Its_Way_To_Linux_5.16_To_Make_For Less_Hard-Coded_eDP_Panel_Configs_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ The latest batch of miscellaneous Direct Rendering Manager changes are on their way to DRM-Next for Linux 5.16. Notable from this new drm-misc-next batch is the new “panel-edp” driver. The panel-edp driver is focused on addressing the issue of right now most Embedded DisplayPort panels rely on hard-coded Device Tree files in the Linux kernel even though much of the information can be automatically probed. Most eDP panels are “99% probable” and this panel-edp driver effort works on that to make for more eDP panels to be probed dynamically at run-time rather than hard-coded. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Microsoft’s_“CLOn12″_Mesa_Code_Adds_SPIR/SPIR- V_Support [Ed: Microsoft is already polluting Linux with proprietary DirectX in a classic E.E.E. move]⠀⇛ Microsoft’s “CLOn12″ effort to allow OpenCL over DirectX 12 by leveraging Mesa now has landed a major rework to its code within Mesa. There’s been a five month old merge request to Microsoft’s CLC code within Mesa to rework its compiler interface. The focus of this big patch series from Microsoft has been on being able to support SPIR and SPIR-V within CLOn12. Plus this reworked code is in better shape. # ⚓ AMD’s_Older_Radeon_GPUs_Get_Ray_Tracing_Support_on Linux⠀⇛ Sometimes new technologies can work on old hardware. Who needs one of the best graphics cards when you can just use older hardware? This week enthusiasts working on Mesa, an open source implementation of OpenGL and Vulkan APIs for Linux, created a merge request for the RADV ray tracing driver for AMD’s RDNA 2 GPUs, enabling it to work with previous-generation graphics cards. The question is, how well will they work? “This PR implements ray-tracing for older generations (Navi, Vega, Polaris, etc.),” wrote Joshua Ashton, a developer of DXVK and other Direct3D-on-Vulkan works for Valve, reports Phoronix. “It does this by emulating the AMD bvh intersection instructions in software. Right now this passes CTS the same as on RDNA 2 cards.” In recent times software and hardware ray tracing support has been the focus of many industrial discussion as the technology has to be implemented properly to bring significant quality improvements. But that also causes massive performance hits even on modern hardware that supports hardware acceleration for ray tracing, such as AMD’s Radeon RX 6000-series GPUs based on the RDNA 2 architecture. Ubisoft’s decision not to implement ray tracing into Far Cry 6 for the latest game consoles greatly illustrates this controversy. But apparently Linux enthusiasts want to enable ray tracing support in Vulkan even on outdated architectures like the original RDNA from 2019 as well as GCN 4/ 5 from 2016/2017. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 3_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_GUI_Image_Compression_Tools⠀⇛ Data compression is the process of storing data in a format that uses less space than the original representation would use. Compressing data can be very useful particularly in the field of communications as it enables devices to transmit or store data in fewer bits. Besides reducing transmission bandwidth, compression increases the amount of information that can be stored on a hard disk drive or other storage device. There are 2 main types of compression. Lossy compression is a data encoding method which reduces a file by discarding certain information. When the file is uncompressed, not all of the original information will be recovered. Lossy compression is typically used to compress video, audio and images, as well as internet telephony. The fact that information is lost during compression will often be unnoticeable to most users. Lossy compression techniques are used in all DVDs, Blu-ray discs, and most multimedia available on the internet. # ⚓ GStreamer_1.19.2_unstable_development_release⠀⇛ The GStreamer team is pleased to announce the second development release in the unstable 1.19 release series. The unstable 1.19 release series adds new features on top of the current stable 1.18 series and is part of the API and ABI-stable 1.x release series of the GStreamer multimedia framework. The unstable 1.19 release series is for testing and development purposes in the lead-up to the stable 1.20 series which is scheduled for release in a few weeks time. Any newly-added API can still change until that point, although it is rare for that to happen. Full release notes will be provided in the near future, highlighting all the new features, bugfixes, performance optimizations and other important changes. This development release is primarily for distributors and early adaptors and anyone who still needs to update their build/packaging setup for Meson. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Basic_Networking_Commands_in_Linux⠀⇛ Today I will be doing a better overview of some basic networking commands in Linux. I recently created a short and sweet thread on twitter with these commands, so right now, I will be going over them a bit more with more detail and information. # ⚓ How_to_disable_touchscreen_on_Ubuntu?_–_blackMORE_Ops⠀⇛ Recently I installed Ubuntu 20.04 on my Dell Inspiron 5547 laptop. I have replaced the HDD on this laptop with a SSD, swapped WLAN card with a Killer WLAN card. With Linux running, it’s very fast and responsive. However, I needed to disable the touchscreen on Ubuntu permanently. # ⚓ How_to_Add_Distributed_Firewall_(DFW)_Rules_in_in_VMware NSX-T_Datacenter_–_buildVirtual⠀⇛ Distributed firewall rules are applied at the VM (vNIC) level and control East-West traffic within the SDDC. Traffic attempting to pass through the dfw is subject to the rules that have been defined. The firewall rules are grouped into policies, which in turn belong to a category. # ⚓ Check_The_Timezone_in_Linux_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ In this small guide, I will explain how to check timezone in Linux using 4 Easy Methods. System time is usually defined by timezone. Please aware that entire globe divided into multiple timezones which determines its local time. There are a number of time management utilities available on Linux such as date and timedatectl commands to get the current timezone of system and synchronize with a remote NTP server to enable an automatic system time handling. # ⚓ Distraction_free_writing_in_Vim_with_Goyo_|_Hund⠀⇛ I can’t believe that I’ve forgotten to write about one of my most used Neovim plugin ever. The plugin I’m talking about is called Goyo. It adds a distraction free mode that helps me focus on my writing by centering the content and hiding all other elements. # ⚓ How_to_Change_Login_Screen_Background_in_Fedora Workstation⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how you can change the login screen background image of Fedora Workstation (GNOME edition). # ⚓ How_To_Configure_PostgreSQL_to_Allow_Remote_Connections_– TecAdmin⠀⇛ An open-source, object-based relational database PostgreSQL, provides the user with the implementation of SQL and is commonly hosted on Linux. With PostgreSQL users can expand the system by defining self data types, functions, and operators. PostgreSQL is used by many large companies to save and store their data for various applications and it supports various programming interfaces as well as videos, texts, and images. In this article we’ll first go through the installation of PostgreSQL on ubuntu 20.04 then we’ll configure it to allow remote connection # ⚓ How_To_Install_Kubectl_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Kubectl on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Kubectl is a command-line client for running commands against Kubernetes clusters. It is capable of deploying applications, managing the clusters, viewing their logs, etc. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of Kubectl on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Use_Variables_in_Bash_Scripts_[Unusual_Advanced_Ways]⠀⇛ You probably are aware of variables in Bash shell scripting. Like other programming and scripting languages, you use variables to store the data and then reference them later in future commands. name=”Linux Handbook” echo “Hello $name!” And it will print “Hello Linux Handbook!”. Outside of the example above, there’s also a surprisingly large amount of things you can do with variables, such as filling in a default value when the variable isn’t set, and assigning multiple values to a single variable. Let me show you these unusual and advanced usage of variables in bash scripting. # ⚓ How_to_Add_Password_to_Protect_a_Vim_File_in_Linux_– Unixcop⠀⇛ Vim a contraction of Vi IMproved) is a free and open-source, screen-based text editor program for Unix Vim is a popular text editor for Linux, It’s one of its special features is support for encrypting text files using various crypto methods with a password. We will explain one of the simple Vim usage tricks; password protecting a file using Vim in Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Nagios_Core_and_NRPE_on_CentOS_8_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Nagios is a free open source tool to monitor various network devices and servers in a network. It support both Linux and Windows OS and provides intuitive web interface to monitor network resources. When configured it can alert you via Email in case of a network device or server goes down or malfunctions. We will move towards installation and configuration of Nagios Core and NRPE (plugin). # ⚓ How_to_configure_bind_with_Debian_11_–_Unixcop⠀⇛ Today we will learn how to configure bind with Debian 11. World of the internet is not possible without DNS service. For Linux BIND to that DNS jobs. So what is bind or DNS? Well, its basic role is to patch a specific domain name with a specific IP address. When you are looking for a website over the internet it will resolve the domain name to IP address and vice versa. Usually, 53 is the port number for DNS services. Let’s have a look at how we can configure that service step by step. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Python_3.10_on_Rocky_Linux_8⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Chilly_survival_game_The_Long_Dark_gets_Episode_4_in October_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ After the third episode of The Long Dark releasing back in October 2019, Hinterland Studio has confirmed Episode 4 will appear on October 6. Two years of waiting, hopefully it will be worth it. This episode has been given the title “FURY, THEN SILENCE”. Here’s the synopsis: “A murderous gang of convicts have captured Mackenzie. Desperate to escape one of the darkest corners of Great Bear Island, he must somehow survive his fiercest enemy yet. Can Mackenzie recover the Hardcase, continue his search for Astrid, and save the innocents caught up in this deadly confrontation?” # ⚓ Tiles_editor_progress_report_#5⠀⇛ Here comes a new progress report about the Tiles editor rework. This is most likely the last progress report before the 4.0 alpha. The previous blog post can be found here. Tile atlas editing Some improvements were made to the tile atlas editor. I first reorganized the tiles creation menus, which are now split into 3 modes. The first mode allows editing the atlas properties and creating/removing base tiles, the second one allows selecting and editing tiles properties, and the last one is to paint properties over the tiles. In this third mode, I implemented a dedicated editor for tile shapes (collision shapes, occluders, naviagation shapes). Set by default to the tile’s base shapes, it then can be painted over tiles. # ⚓ Steam_Client_Beta_updated_with_PipeWire_desktop_capture_for Remote_Play_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Valve continue upgrading and tweaking the Steam client with a fresh Beta version being released today with a couple of tweaks that are interesting for Linux users. Some of the issues fixed are for everyone including slow startup after suspend, Cloud Sync will now happen as soon as possible to avoid delays launching games and for Remote Play they fixed using multiple PS5 controllers from the Steam Link app. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_/_Unix_desktop_Gnome_41:_performance_boost_and better_settings_dialog⠀⇛ The Gnome project has released version 41 of its Linux / Unix desktop. In addition to a significantly improved settings dialog, it offers an improved calendar application, “Connections” for remote connections to other computers and improvements to the Nautilus file manager. On top of that, the developers promise more oomph through various performance improvements. The now updated Gnome is one of the established desktop environments in the open source world. Similar to KDE, Gnome has existed for over two decades and has reinvented itself several times during this time. Today Gnome sets itself apart from most other environments: The Gnome shell as the main element of the desktop, for example, does not imitate the classic look of Windows, but arranges the desktop completely differently. The previous major version of Gnome, 40th, also brought significant visual changes compared to the previous version. # ⚓ GNOME_41_Overview_and_Where_to_Download⠀⇛ GNOME 41, the latest stable version of an easy and elegant desktop user interface, just released Wednesday 22 September 2021 six month after the previous version. This article overviews the release with step by step guide for you to download and try it out on computer. Thanks to GNOME, now software freedom is more user friendly and accessible for all computer users! o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ MidnightBSD_2.1⠀⇛ I’m happy to announce the availability of MidnightBSD 2.1 for amd64 and i386. This is an incremental release focusing on bug fixes, improvements to the package manager and a new system compiler. # § Gentoo Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Experimental_binary_Gentoo_package_hosting_(amd64)⠀⇛ As an experiment, I’ve started assembling a simple binary package hosting mechanism for Gentoo. Right now this comes with some serious limitations and should not be used for security or mission critical applications (more on this below). The main purpose of this experiment is to find out how well it works and where we need improvements in Portage’s binary package handling. # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ The_2021_SUSE_One_Partner_Awards_Go_To… [Ed: Corporate 'awards'... to corporations]⠀⇛ It gives me great pleasure to announce the winners of the 2021 SUSE One Partner Awards! The awards are to honour those partners who have gone above and beyond for our joint customers in what has undoubtedly been one of the most challenging years for many. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ IBM_manager_sued_for_£290k_after_filing_tribunal_case •_The_Register⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red_Hat_Satellite_6.9.6_has_been_released⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce that Red Hat Satellite 6.9.6 is generally available as of September 22, 2021. Red Hat Satellite is part of the Red Hat Smart Management subscription that makes it easier for enterprises to manage patching, provisioning, and subscription management of Red Hat Enterprise Linux infrastructure. # ⚓ Red_Hat_Shares_―_DevSecOps⠀⇛ All organizations are susceptible to information security threats―from cybercrime, which was predicted to cost the world US$6 trillion in 2021, to human error, which accounts for 95% of cybersecurity breaches. No matter the type of threat, your organization needs to protect itself by maintaining security controls across its stack. That’s where DevSecOps comes in. Security shouldn’t be an afterthought. DevSecOps means thinking about application and infrastructure security from the start, building it into every phase of the life cycle and stack―especially now that workloads are spread across environments. The good news: 74% of organizations that responded to our 2021 “Kubernetes adoption, security, and market trends” survey have a DevSecOps initiative in place, and 25% have an advanced initiative, integrating and automating security throughout the life cycle. # ⚓ Should_I_migrate_my_application_to_the_cloud?_Here’s how_to_decide⠀⇛ There comes a time in the life of an application when someone asks: “Should we move this to the cloud?” Public and private clouds often breathe life into existing applications with more flexibility, simpler maintenance, and better performance. However, these lift and shift migrations come with tradeoffs. Should the application be migrated? If so, should you take the opportunity to make changes to the application along the way? How do you make a plan and stick to it? This post answers those questions and more. # ⚓ Poettering:_Authenticated_Boot_and_Disk_Encryption_on Linux⠀⇛ Here’s a lengthy missive from Lennart Poettering taking Linux distributors to task for inadequately protecting systems from physical attacks. # ⚓ AI_applications_optimizing_actions_based_on_data_and predictions_with_Palantir_for_IBM_Cloud_Pak_for_Data⠀⇛ Palantir for IBM Cloud Pak for Data enables building no-/low-code line of business applications using data, machine learning, and optimization from IBM Cloud Pak for Data. Ontology managers can define business- oriented data models integrating data from IBM Cloud Pak for Data. Application builders can use Palantir tools to create applications using these data models. Additionally, applications can integrate machine learning models from IBM Cloud Pak for Data to infuse predictions, as well as decision optimization result data from IBM Cloud Pak for Data to determine optimized actions based on data and predictions. This blog post explains how to create AI- infused apps using Palantir ontology and application building tools together with IBM Cloud Pak for Data model deployments and data and AI catalog. It also outlines the underlying integration architecture. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_41_Released!_New_Remote_Desktop_App, Multitasking_&_Mobile_Network_Settings⠀⇛ After half a year of development, the GNOME project announced version 41 of its popular Linux desktop environment. GNOME 41 comes with some exciting new features. The upper right corner system tray menu now includes option to make it easy to switch Power Mode between “Balanced” and “Power Saver”. It’s said that “Performance mode” is only visible on hardware that supports this feature, though I don’t understand which hardware required, may be a dedicated graphics card. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Zidoo_M6_Arm_mini_PC_review_–_Part_1:_Unboxing_and Teardown⠀⇛ I’ve just received my first Rockchip RK3566 platform with Zidoo M6 Arm mini PC that supports Ubuntu 18.04, Android 11, and Station OS. I was sent the standard version with 4GB RAM and 32GB eMMC flash that will be suitable for most applications. I’ll start Zidoo M6 review with an unboxing and a teardown to check the hardware design and “hidden” features before reviewing with the device with Android 11 and/or Ubuntu 18.04. There’s nothing special about the package (and that’s a good thing in order to go more easily through customs), so let’s check out the package content. # ⚓ Raspberry_Pi_mic_array_kit_features_AI_enabled_DSP⠀⇛ The “Knowles AISonic IA8201 Raspberry Pi Development Kit” is based on a homegrown IA8201 DSP with wake-on-voice processing for low latency voice UI and ML inferencing. The kit offers a choice of mic array boards with 2x or 3x mics. Knowles, a leader in microphone and audio processing technology, has launched a development kit for the Raspberry Pi for prototyping products based on its new IA8201 DSP. The Knowles AISonic IA8201 Raspberry Pi Development Kit supports wake- on-voice processing for low latency voice UI with noise reduction, context awareness, and accelerated machine learning inferencing. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Even_Faster_Fourier_Transforms_On_the_Raspbery_Pi Zero⠀⇛ Oftentimes in computing, we start doing a thing, and we’re glad we’re doing it. But then we realise, it would be much nicer if we could do it much faster. [Ricardo de Azambuja] was in just such a situation when working with the Raspberry Pi Zero, and realised that there were some techniques that could drastically speed up Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) on the platform. Thus, he got to work. The trick is using the Raspberry Pi Zero’s GPU to handle the FFTs instead of the CPU itself. This netted Ricardo a 7x speed upgrade for 1-dimensional FFTs, and a 2x speed upgrade for 2-dimensional operations. # ⚓ Bluetooth_Vulnerability:_Arbitrary_Code_Execution_On The_ESP32,_Among_Others_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ Bluetooth has become widely popular since its introduction in 1999. However, it’s also had its fair share of security problems over the years. Just recently, a research group from the Singapore University of Technology and Design found a serious vulnerability in a large variety of Bluetooth devices. Having now been disclosed, it is known as the BrakTooth vulnerability. Full details are not yet available; the research team is waiting until October to publicly release proof-of-concept code in order to give time for companies to patch their devices. The basic idea however, is in the name. “Brak” is the Norweigan word for “crash,” with “tooth” referring to Bluetooth itself. The attack involves repeatedly attempting to crash devices to force them into undesired operation. # ⚓ Download_From_NFC_Datalogger,_No_App_Required_| Hackaday⠀⇛ The plethora of wireless technologies has made internet-connected devices the norm, but it’s not always necessary if you don’t need real-time updates. Whether it’s due to battery life, or location and range constraints, downloading data directly from the device whenever possible might be a viable solution. [Malcolm Mackay] demonstrates an elegant solution on the open source cuplTag temperature/humidity logger, using any NFC-enabled smartphone, without requiring a custom app. # ⚓ 3D_Printed_Rocket’s_Features_are_Out_of_this_World⠀⇛ The last time we saw the Cortex 2 it was still only about half built, and we can’t wait to see how it performs. Rocketry is a field that has benefited greatly from things like 3D printing, the availability of highly- integrated electronics, and even such things as a rocket design workbench for FreeCAD. Better tools enable better work, after all. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Realme_UI_3.0_(Android_12)_update_tracker:_Eligible devices,_release_date_…⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_takes_CCI_to_court_after_Android_probe_report “leak”_–_The_Hindu_BusinessLine⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_in_Android_Auto_gets_a_useful_update_for right-hand_drivers_|_T3⠀⇛ # ⚓ AV-Comparatives_offers_advice_on_choosing_a_certified antivirus_product_for_Android_smartphones_–_EIN Presswire⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_malware_seizes_on_COVID-19_to_target_Android users_–_CBS_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ OnePlus_9R_gets_September_2021_Android_security_patch |_Technology⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_1.0:_Remembering_when_a_fledgling_mobile_OS took_its_first_steps⠀⇛ # ⚓ android:_How_Apple_may_be_forced_to_go_the_Android way_–_Times_of_India⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Chromium_compiled_for_12_hours_before_failing⠀⇛ Ha ha, the saga continues. Not sure if I should plug away at this, or just give in and use the official binary package. This was the previous attempt: https://bkhome.org/news/202109/another- attempt-to-compile-chromium.html I learnt a lot from that, so applied some of that new knowledge and had another go. Started the compile at 10am this morning, has just now failed, at just on 10pm. There was one failure in the morning, that I caught just after it happened, and applied a hack to fix it. Here are my notes… [...] That last error means nothing to me. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ PostgreSQL_14_RC_1_Released!⠀⇛ The PostgreSQL Global Development Group announces that the first release candidate of PostgreSQL 14 is now available for download. As a release candidate, PostgreSQL 14 RC 1 will be mostly identical to the initial release of PostgreSQL 14, though some more fixes may be applied prior to the general availability of PostgreSQL 14. The planned date for the general availability of PostgreSQL 14 is September 30, 2021. Please see the “Release Schedule” section for more details. # § CMS⠀➾ # ⚓ Build_your_website_with_Jekyll_|_Opensource.com⠀⇛ Static website generators and JAMStack have taken off in recent years. And with good reason. There is no need for complex backends with only static HTML, CSS, and Javascript to serve. Not having backends means better security, lower operational overhead, and cheaper hosting. A win-win-win! [...] The command jekyll serve is great for local testing. But once you’re done with local testing, you’ll want to build the final artifact to publish. The command jekyll build –source source_dir –destination destination_dir builds your website into the _site folder. Note that this folder is cleaned up before every build, so don’t place important things in there. Once you have the content, you can host it on a static hosting service of your choosing. You should now have a decent overall grasp of what Jekyll is capable of and what the main bits and pieces do. If you’re looking for inspiration, the official JAMStack website has some amazing examples. # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ GCC_12_Adds_Stack_Variable_Auto-Initialization, Other_Security_Improvements_Forthcoming⠀⇛ Qing Zhao of Oracle presented yesterday during the LPC2021 GNU Tools Track around the work they and others have been engaged in for improving the security of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). In some areas this GCC security work is about catching up with security features already implemented by LLVM Clang. Among the features have been for zeroing out caller-used registers on return, auto initializing of stack variables, unsigned overflow detection, and more. For instance with GCC 11 is the zero-call-used-regs compiler feature and now with Linux 5.15 that feature can be optionally used to enhance the kernel security. # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Software_freedom_podcast_with_Till_Jaeger⠀⇛ We talk about how Till got involved in Free Software, highlight the short and long term impacts of the first court decisions, about some of the most common misunderstandings of Free Software licensing, as well as the role of the FSFE’s legal network in fostering the discussion and knowledge for Free Software legal and licensing topics. I highly appreciate Till for being able to explain complex legal topics, so non-lawyers can understand them. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ 3D_Printed_Sensor_Detects_Glyphosate⠀⇛ Typically, detecting glyphosate — a herbicide — in a beverage requires a sophisticated test setup. But Washington State University has a 3D printed sensor that uses nanotubes to simplify the detection of the toxin. The idea is very similar to inexpensive blood glucose monitors. The test will eventually find use for human samples, but the initial testing was for detecting contamination in orange juice. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Privatisation/Privateering⠀➾ # § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Linux_Foundation_&_edX_Teach Open_Source_to_2_Million_Learners [Ed: So-called ‘leaning’ [1, 2]]⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation, the nonprofit organization enabling mass innovation through open source, is proud to announce there have been two million enrollments to date across all of its online courses offered on the edX platform. These open source training courses have continually increasing rates of enrollment growth as the curriculum continues to expand, with offerings covering technologies like cloud infrastructure, blockchain, networking, and DevOps. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ ROT8000⠀⇛ ROT8000 is the Unicode equivalent of ROT13. What’s clever about it is that normal English looks like Chinese, and not like ciphertext (to a typical Westerner, that is). # ⚓ EnduraData_Updates_File_Synchronization_for Ransomware_&_Linux_Containers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Cisco_Releases_Security_Updates_for_Multiple Products⠀⇛ Cisco has released security updates to address vulnerabilities in multiple Cisco products. An attacker could exploit some of these vulnerabilities to take control of an affected system. # ⚓ Security_updates_for_Thursday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (ruby-kaminari and tomcat8), Mageia (389-ds-base, ansible, apache, apr, cpio, curl, firefox, ghostscript, gifsicle, gpac, libarchive, libgd, libssh, lynx, nextcloud-client, openssl, postgresql, proftpd, python3, thunderbird, tor, and vim), openSUSE (chromium, ffmpeg, grilo, hivex, linuxptp, and samba), Oracle (go- toolset:ol8, kernel, kernel-container, krb5, mysql:8.0, and nodejs:12), SUSE (ffmpeg, firefox, grilo, hivex, kernel, linuxptp, nodejs14, and samba), and Ubuntu (ca-certificates, edk2, sqlparse, and webkit2gtk). # ⚓ CISA_Releases_Guidance:_IPv6_Considerations_for TIC_3.0⠀⇛ The federal government has prioritized the transition of federal networks to Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) since the release of Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum 05-22 in 2005. In 2020, OMB renewed its focus on IPv6 through the publication of OMB Memorandum 21-07. That memorandum specifically entrusts CISA with enhancing the Trusted Internet Connections (TIC) program to fully support the implementation of IPv6 in federal IT systems. o § Environment⠀➾ # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ ASMR_Video_Shows_Tortoise_Eating_Veggies_|_Mental Floss⠀⇛ It takes the tortoise in the video more than eight minutes to devour the strawberry, blueberry, broccoli floret, and piece of pumpkin laid out in front of it. The microphones poking into the top half of the frame capture every satisfied crunch and nibble. The audio will only trigger ASMR in people who are sensitive to the phenomenon. If you don’t experience the “brain tingles” that characterize ASMR, you may still enjoy watching the cuteness on display below. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ China’s_tech_crackdown_–_for_consumers’_good_or_greater control?⠀⇛ China’s moves are about control of data of tech firms, say civil society groups, who fear other governments may follow suit [...] China last month banned under-18s from playing video games during the week, with play restricted to just one hour on Fridays, weekends and holidays. It also instructed gaming companies to prevent children playing outside these times and ensure they have real-name verification systems to limit abuse. Last week, the short video app Douyin, the Chinese version of TikTok, said that all its authenticated users below the age of 14 will now access the app in “youth mode” – limiting users access for up to 40 minutes a day, between 6 am and 10 pm. Authorities have also sought to increase oversight of the algorithms tech companies use, saying that companies must abide by business ethics and principles of fairness, and ordering food delivery companies to provide better protection for workers. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Advocates_to_U.S._Congress:_Fund_FTC_to_combat_data_abuse⠀⇛ Today, Access Now joined a coalition of civil society organizations to support the U.S. House Energy and Commerce committee’s proposal to increase the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) funding by $1 billion over ten years. The funding would be used to create a new FTC bureau that will focus on policing privacy, security, and data abuse matters. “Privacy and data protection issues have human rights and racial equity implications,” said Willmary Escoto, U.S. Policy Analyst at Access Now. “With such paltry funding and staffing, the FTC has been forced to ration its limited resources to focus on cases with the biggest impact, likely letting many violators off the hook. Increased funding will allow the Commission to hire more staff and take more cases that help reduce racial inequity.” o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Nitter_and_other_Internet_reclamation_projects⠀⇛ The world wide web has become an annoying, ultra- commercialized space. Many websites today are prioritizing the interests of the company behind the domain, at the expense of the user’s experience and well-being. This has been a frustrating problem for several years, but lately there’s been a heartwarming trend of users fighting back against the corporate web and stepping up to help and serve each other’s needs in spite of them, through what I’ve come to think of as Internet reclamation projects. I think the first of these which appeared on my radar was Invidious, which scrapes information off of a YouTube page and presents it in a more pleasant, user-first interface— something which NewPipe also does well for Android. These tools pry data out of YouTube’s hands and present it on a simple UI, designed for users first, with no ads or spyware, and with nice features YouTube would never add, like download links, audio mode, and offline viewing. It shows us what users want, but YouTube refuses to give. Another project which has been particularly successful recently is Nitter, which does something similar for Twitter. Twitter’s increasingly draconian restrictions on who can access what data, and their attitude towards logged-out users in particular, has been a great annoyance to anyone who does not have, and does not want, a Twitter account, but who may still encounter Twitter links around the web. Nitter has been quite helpful in de-crapifying Twitter for these folks. I have set up an automatic redirect in my browser which takes me straight to Nitter, and I never have to see the shitty, user-hostile Twitter interface again. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘This_will_drive_our_commercial_growth’_–_delighted Cambond_CEO_welcomes_grant_of_European_patent [Ed: No, there is no such thing as EU Patent Office and EPO predates the EU; in fact, the EPO nowadays grants_many fake_patents_of_dubious_validity, so it’s nothing to be proud of]⠀⇛ Cambond is pleased to announce that it has received a Notice of Allowance from the EU Patent Office for one of its core technology patents – Biocomposites and Methods of Use.* # ⚓ Chimeric_Therapeutics_granted_European_patent_for cancer-fighting_asset_CHM_1101 [Ed: More patent monopolies_on_cancer]⠀⇛ Chimeric Therapeutics Ltd (ASX:CHM) has gained European patent protection for its cancer-fighting, clinical-stage CAR T asset, CHM 1101. The patent covers certain applications of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology using chlorotoxin (CLTX), including CHM 1101, with patent protection expected until 2036. # ⚓ Chimeric_Therapeutics_–_European_patent_granted_for CLTX_technology_used_in_CHM_1101⠀⇛ Chimeric Therapeutics (ASX:CHM, “Chimeric” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage cell therapy company, is pleased to announce the European Patent Office’s decision to grant patent EP 3,362,470 B1, which was published in the European Patent Bulletin dated September 22, 2021. # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Medtronic’s_IP_dispute_against_Axonics_could resume_in_court_after_PTAB_decisions [Ed: Conflating patents with "IP" and then "intellectual property", which is basically a misleading lie]⠀⇛ Yesterday, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office affirmed an additional three patents in a long-term dispute between the companies over intellectual property for Medtronic’s Interstim sacral neuromodulation (SNM) system, completing the review process initiated by Axonics to challenge the validity of the seven total patents in the case brought by Medtronic, according to a news release. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4729 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 09.23.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_23/9/2021:_More_UPC_PR_Stunts_and_IBM_(Poettering)_TPM_for_Linux⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:01 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ BSDNow_421:_ZFS_eats_CPU⠀⇛ Useless use of GNU, Meet the 2021 FreeBSD GSoC Students, historical note on Unix portability, vm86-based venix emulator, ZFS Mysteriously Eating CPU, traceroute gets speed boost, and more o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ The_rest_of_the_5.15_merge_window⠀⇛ Linus Torvalds released 5.15-rc1 and closed the merge window for this release on September 12; at that point, 10,471 non-merge changesets had found their way into the mainline repository. Those changesets contain a lot of significant changes and improvements. Read on for a summary of what came into the mainline in the roughly 7,000 changesets pulled since our first-half summary was written. # ⚓ The_folio_pull-request_pushback⠀⇛ When we last caught up with the page folio patch set, it appeared to be on track to be pulled into the mainline during the 5.15 merge window. Matthew Wilcox duly sent a pull request in August to make that happen. While it is possible that folios could still end up in 5.15, that has not happened as of this writing and appears increasingly unlikely. What we got instead was a lengthy discussion on the merits of the folio approach. The kernel’s memory-management subsystem deals with memory in pages, a fundamental unit that is generally set by the hardware (and is usually 4KB in size). These “base” pages are small, though, so the kernel often needs to deal with memory in larger units. To do so, it groups sets of physically contiguous pages together into compound pages, which are made up of a head page (the first base page of many in the compound page) and some number of tail pages. That leads to a situation where kernel code that is passed a struct page pointer often does not know if it is dealing with a head or a tail page without explicitly checking. It turns out that the “make sure this is a head page” checks add up to a certain amount of expense in a running kernel. The use of struct page everywhere also makes kernel APIs unclear — it can be difficult to know if a given function can cope with tail pages or not. To address this problem, Wilcox created the concept of a “folio”, which is like a struct page but which is known not to be a tail page. By changing internal functions to use folios, Wilcox is able to speed up the kernel and clean up the API at the same time. The patch set is huge and intrusive, but it appeared to have overcome most resistance and be ready to head into the mainline kernel. # ⚓ Extended_attributes_for_special_files⠀⇛ The Linux extended-attribute mechanism allows the attachment of metadata to files within a filesystem. It tends to be little used — at least, in the absence of a security module like SELinux. There is interest in how these attributes work, though, as evidenced by the discussions that have followed the posting of revisions of this patch by Vivek Goyal, which seeks to make a seemingly small change to the rules regarding extended attributes and special files. Specifically, extended attributes (often referred to as “xattrs”) are name-value pairs that can be attached to a file. The name of an extended attribute is divided into a namespace and an identifier within the namespace. The namespace is currently one of security, system, user, or trusted; each namespace has its own special rules. As a general rule, system and trusted see little use. The security namespace, instead, is used by a number of Linux security modules. An example of a security attribute can be seen by running getfattr on a system that is set up for SELinux # ⚓ systemd_OOMD_Maturing_Nicely,_Adds_Support_For_User Services_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Systemd-oomd as the out-of-memory daemon originally developed by Facebook has been maturing nicely since being merged last year and then its most notable deployment to date has been with Fedora 34′s debut earlier this year. Anita Zhang of Facebook provided an update today on the systemd- oomd effort. # § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Peter_Hutterer:_What’s_new_in_XI_2.4_–_touchpad gestures⠀⇛ After a nine year hiatus, a new version of the X Input Protocol is out. Credit for the work goes to Povilas Kanapickas, who also implemented support for XI 2.4 in the various pieces of the stack [0]. So let’s have a look. X has had touch events since XI 2.2 (2012) but those were only really useful for direct touch devices (read: touchscreens). There were accommodations for indirect touch devices like touchpads but they were never used. The synaptics driver set the required bits for a while but it was dropped in 2015 because … it was complicated to make use of and no-one seemed to actually use it anyway. Meanwhile, the rest of the world moved on and touchpad gestures are now prevalent. They’ve been standard in MacOS for ages, in Windows for almost ages and – with recent GNOME releases – now feature prominently on the Linux desktop as well. They have been part of libinput and the Wayland protocol for years (and even recently gained a new set of “hold” gestures). Meanwhile, X was left behind in the dust or mud, depending on your local climate. XI 2.4 fixes this, it adds pinch and swipe gestures to the XI2 protocol and makes those available to supporting clients [2]. Notably here is that the interpretation of gestures is left to the driver [1]. The server takes the gestures and does the required state handling but otherwise has no decision into what constitutes a gesture. This is of course no different to e.g. 2-finger scrolling on a touchpad where the server just receives scroll events and passes them on accordingly. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Roundup:_managing_issues_for_20_years⠀⇛ The Roundup Issue Tracker is a flexible tool for managing issues via the web or email. However, Roundup is useful for more than web-based bug tracking or help-desk ticketing; it can be used as a simple wiki or to manage tasks with the Getting Things Done (GTD) methodology. The 20th-anniversary edition of Roundup, version 2.1.0, was released in July; it is a maintenance release, but there have been a number of larger improvements in the last year or so. Here we introduce Roundup’s features along with the recent developments that have helped make Roundup even more useful for tracking issues to their resolution. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_PostgreSQL_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install PostgreSQL on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational database system that uses and extends the SQL language combined with many features that safely store and scale the most complicated data workloads. With over 30 years of active development, PostgreSQL is widely used as a database for numerous mobile and web applications. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of PostgreSQL 13 on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Convert_xlsx_to_CSV_Format_in_Linux⠀⇛ The windows-based Microsoft Excel application is known for its indisputable open XML spreadsheet files support. This same support also extends to XLSX file formats. As you adapt or migrate to the Linux operating system environment, you will find the use of CSV or Comma-Separated file format a lot more convenient due to some of the following prime reasons… # ⚓ How_to_Install_Nextcloud_on_Debian_11⠀⇛ Nextcloud is open-source software for creating public and private file storage. It allows you to create your self-hosted services like Dropbox, Google Drive, or Mega.nz. Originally, it’s created by the original owncloud developer Frank Karlitschek. In 2016, he forks the Owncloud project and creates a new project with the new name “Nextcloud” By this time, the Nextcloud project growing rapidly and becoming more than file hosting software, it’s more like a file sync and content collaboration platform. Backed with a lot of plugins, Nextcloud becomes such a powerful collaboration software. You can install plugins for project management, video conferencing, collaborative editing, note-taking, email client, etc. In this guide, you will learn how to install Nextcloud on the latest Debian 11 Bullseye. You will be installing Nextcloud under the LAMP Stack (Linux, Apache2/httpd, MySQL/MariaDB, and PHP). # ⚓ How_to_Install_and_Use_Docker_on_Rocky_Linux_8_–_VITUX⠀⇛ Imagine a box in which you can put all of your files, and it will maintain integrity. This is what Docker does, providing an easy way to manage containers for any application on-premise or cloud- hosted with ease. What’s even better about this tool: It comes free (yes, really) as well as being open source so that everyone benefits from its use–not just those who have paid subscriptions like most big companies do these days. Docker allows you to put your application in a container, ship it and preserve the environment, as well as make sure that all of those pesky updates don’t break it. You can access much smaller servers and reduce bandwidth since everything is self- contained. The Docker team has been working very hard on this tool for a while now–and they have succeeded in making a very excellent and useful product. Those who have been working on or with Linux for a time can appreciate how amazing this is–finally an IT tool that works. # ⚓ How_to_Remove_Directories_in_Linux⠀⇛ Spring cleaning is not only necessary for homes, Your Linux Mint 20 file system also needs to be decluttered regularly. An organized file system will save you or the system administrator a lot of headaches in the long run. In this article, you will learn how to remove your directories to organize your file system. # ⚓ How_to_create_documents_with_Bash_scripts_|_Enable Sysadmin⠀⇛ Bash “here documents” are a useful way to create uncomplicated YAML and HTML documents, inventory files, and emails. # ⚓ Guide_to_Linux_Ubuntu/Debian_log_files_for_beginners⠀⇛ Updated – Ubuntu logs system events into the log files in order to help administrators maintain, analyze and diagnose system related issues and applications problems. Log files contain messages related to kernel, services and applications events that are kept on a centralized repository of log files under /var/log directory. There are various log files in Linux Ubuntu for different informations. For instance, there is a default log file dedicated to the system, another for security messages another for cron tasks. These log files are actually plain text (ASCII) written in a standardized log file format. Many of these log files are generated by the so called system log daemon, syslogd while some other applications generate their proper logs by writing to files under the directory /var/log. The log files generated can therefore be classified into four categories: event Logs, application Logs , system Logs and service Logs. In this article, we will provide an overview of Ubuntu log files, and show how to configure and use syslogd. You will also learn how log rotation works and how to view and read the log files. A brief introduction to systemd will be provided at the end . o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Valve_answer_questions_about_the_Steam_Deck_in_a_new_FAQ, anti-cheat_for_all_Linux_systems_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ After gathering questions from pretty much everyone, Valve has put up a new official FAQ page for the Steam Deck that answers some pretty important questions and it’s good news. One really important questions was answered on anti-cheat support too. There were concerns that with Valve working to get the likes of Easy Anti- Cheat and BattlEye to support Proton that it might somehow be locked to the Steam Deck. Thankfully, that is simply not the case. Valve has said very clearly that the improvements will “will make it to all systems using Proton”. [...] Sounds like it’s pretty much all good news. Being able to boot multiple systems clearly shows how it really is just a small-form factor PC, that will come with SteamOS (based on Arch Linux) by default. Users will be able to do whatever they want with it. # ⚓ 10_Best_Disney_Mobile_Games_to_Play_in_2021⠀⇛ Disney is one of the most popular and one of the largest global media companies. From movies to video games, Disney makes a variety of stuff with a long and detailed history. The history of Disney’s video games goes back overdecades when they were made for multiple game console platforms. However, Disney did not make a mark on the mobile platform until recently. In recent times, Disney has launched some decent games, both new and old, which are worth playing. That being said, Disney games are known for their simplicity and easy gameplay. The media house has some famous games under its name, which includes Star Wars and Marvel components. The best part about these games is the fact that they are generally free to play. # ⚓ Creative_farming_and_village_life_game_Staxel_is_now available_for_Linux_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Staxel, created by developer Plukit (the founder is a former Starbound developer) and publisher Humble Games is a popular and highly rated creative farming and village life game. As of today along with a Nintendo Switch release it’s also now available official on Linux. “In Staxel you build your world block by block from the ground up, so everything is customizable – whether it’s your own farmhouse or a redesign of the village shop to fit your desired aesthetic. Experience the world from a first-person perspective to really immerse yourself in your ideal country life. Whether you want a cozy overgrown cottage or your own wizard tower, you can build it!” # ⚓ Q1K3_is_a_homage_to_Quake_made_with_13_kb_of_JavaScript_| GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Games seem to be getting bigger all the time taking up vast amounts of drive space but what can be done with very little resources? Quite a lot actually as the Quake homage Q1K3 has shown. Developed for the js13kGames competition, where developers are given one month to create a game with HTML5 / JavaScript and possibly get a prize. The main constraint is that the file size limit for submissions is 13 kilobytes. It doesn’t sound like a lot and not much bigger than a blank LibreOffice document. One clever developer named Dominic Szablewski announced Q1K3 as their entry, which is a first- person Quake inspired shooter and it’s actually quite amazing considering just how tiny it is. # ⚓ Valve_Publishes_New_Steam_Deck_FAQ_With_A_Few_New_Details Shared_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Valve today published a “Steam Deck FAQ” page sharing some additional information on this forthcoming Arch Linux powered handheld game system that will begin shipping at the end of Q4. # ⚓ How_I_Built_My_New_Linux_Gaming_Desktop_in_2021_with_AMD_ (CPU+GPU)_and_GNU_Guix⠀⇛ After my unexpected luck in getting a new GPU (the AMD 6700XT), it was finally time to build a new computer. While my previous desktop was still ticking, at 6 and a half years old (an Intel i5- 4690K, Nvidia GTX 970; see details in our gaming rigs article) it was certainly not up to 4K gaming and VR. The GPU was by far the hardest thing to get, but by this summer most everything else was available and at more regular prices. [...] Overall, the main components follow a pretty typical mid-range to enthusiast gaming build for 2021. These are all solid, well recommended choices, at a good price to performance ratio. I’ll discuss my choice to move to all AMD below, but overall there wasn’t anything I had to worry about being Linux compatible. These days I’d mostly be concerned about Wi-Fi, along with any specialty hardware. I opted out of Wi-Fi since my desktop is right next to my router for a wired connection, though the Bluetooth would be handy for things like controlling the Valve Index’s base stations. That and Wi-Fi can be handled with a cheap USB adapter if I want it. (Honestly, the motherboard I wanted in white also didn’t have Wi-Fi, so that made the choice easier, too.) The only thing for me was wondering about controlling all that RGB, but open source comes through again, as I’ll detail later. In terms of specifics the 5600X is a great performer with the latest Zen 3 architecture and good single core performance to go with the 6 cores and 12 threads. This has become easily available, at least in the US, at or below MSRP. There are some great Zen 2 CPUs to pick from, but in my case I wanted the latest (I tend not to upgrade frequently, obviously) as well as plenty of power for photo editing and compiling as I’ve been contributing patches and packages to Guix. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ GNOME_41_Released,_Available_In_38_Languages_| Itsubuntu.com⠀⇛ GNOME 41 is now officially available for the public use and is available for download from the website of GNOME. GNOME 41 is loaded with tons of new features, improvements and tweaks. GNOME 41 is the second release to use GNOME’s new version numbering scheme. The next release, version 42, is planned for March 2022. GNOME 41 is available in 38 languages. You can also see the number of smaller enhancements. # ⚓ GNOME_41_Desktop_Environment_Released,_Download_Now⠀⇛ GNOME 41 Desktop Environment Released, Download Now, After six months of development represented by the release of desktop environments GNOME 41 . For a quick assessment of the capabilities of GNOME 41, specialized live builds based on openSUSE and an installation image prepared as part of the GNOME OS initiative are offered . GNOME 41 is also included in the experimental build of Fedora 35 builds . [...] A new Multitasking panel has been added to the configurator (GNOME Control Center) for customizing window and desktop management. In particular, in the Multitasking section, options are provided for disabling the call of the overview mode by touching the upper left corner of the screen, resizing the window when dragging it to the edge of the screen, selecting the number of virtual desktops, showing desktops on additionally connected monitors and switching between applications only for the current one. desktop by pressing the combination Super + Tab. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Fedora_Community_Blog:_Outreachy_final_blog_post⠀⇛ My internship of 3 months with Fedora has come to an end. From submitting the form 2 times and finally making it the 3’rd time, the journey has been quite challenging. My project “Improve Fedora QA dashboard” motive was to make the dashboard more impactful so that it will be simplified for the newcomers and they can easily understand and contribute without any complexity. [...] The journey of Outreachy was very great. I learned lots of things, no more a noob now. My mentors were Lukas and Josef. Whenever I got stuck into something they always sought to help me. I didn’t even have the confidence in myself that I would be able to complete the tasks, but eventually, I did. I knew JavaScript, basic ReactJS, and Vanilla Js, however, the project was not about all this, I have implemented the things for the first time like react-i18n, docker, etc, the beginning of the internship was very smooth and easy going but as I came to the second task it was a bit challenging for me as I had to implement the same page twice with two different approaches so that mentors can choose the better one but what matters here was my learning, I feel the more complicating the tasks are, the more you build up yourself while making it easy, learned how to google finally, more about ReactJs and flourished my skills. # ⚓ Leader_election_in_Kubernetes_using_Apache_Camel⠀⇛ When deploying applications on Kubernetes, certain platform characteristics strongly influence the application’s architecture. In a greenfield setting, it’s all about harnessing the ephemeral nature of stateless applications. Applications are built to run in scenarios where there is an expectation of high availability via horizontal scaling. Not only can the application scale out, but Kubernetes’ orchestration characteristics emphasize that no individual pod is safe from destruction. Kubernetes is the epitome of the old U.S. Navy Seal saying: “Two is one, and one is none.” Workloads on Kubernetes don’t always fit this model, however. Some workloads are singular in nature, and parallelization isn’t an option. For example, suppose an application connects out to an external service and receives information asynchronously via a TCP socket or websocket. As part of this process, the application receives data, transforms the structure, and publishes that data into an Apache Kafka topic. In this case, only a single connection can be active at one time because of the possibility of publishing duplicate data (see Figure 1). # ⚓ What_is_ethical_Artificial_Intelligence_(AI)?_7 questions,_answered⠀⇛ Do you have some anxiety about Artificial Intelligence (AI) bias or related issues? You’re not alone. Nearly all business leaders surveyed for Deloitte’s third State of AI in the Enterprise report expressed concerns around the ethical risks of their AI initiatives. There is certainly some cause for uneasiness. Nine out of ten respondents to a late 2020 Capgemini Research Institute survey were aware of at least one instance where an AI system had resulted in ethical issues for their businesses. Nearly two-thirds have experienced the issue of discriminatory bias with AI systems, six out of ten indicated their organizations had attracted legal scrutiny as a result of AI applications, and 22 percent have said they suffered customer backlash because of these decisions reached by AI systems. As Capgemini leaders pointed out in their recent blog post: “Enterprises exploring the potential of AI need to ensure they apply AI the right way and for the right purposes. They need to master Ethical AI.” # ⚓ Authenticated_Boot_and_Disk_Encryption_on_Linux⠀⇛ Linux has been supporting Full Disk Encryption (FDE) and technologies such as UEFI SecureBoot and TPMs for a long time. However, the way they are set up by most distributions is not as secure as they should be, and in some ways quite frankly weird. In fact, right now, your data is probably more secure if stored on current ChromeOS, Android, Windows or MacOS devices, than it is on typical Linux distributions. Generic Linux distributions (i.e. Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, …) adopted Full Disk Encryption (FDE) more than 15 years ago, with the LUKS/cryptsetup infrastructure. It was a big step forward to a more secure environment. Almost ten years ago the big distributions started adding UEFI SecureBoot to their boot process. Support for Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) has been added to the distributions a long time ago as well — but even though many PCs/laptops these days have TPM chips on-board it’s generally not used in the default setup of generic Linux distributions. How these technologies currently fit together on generic Linux distributions doesn’t really make too much sense to me — and falls short of what they could actually deliver. In this story I’d like to have a closer look at why I think that, and what I propose to do about it. [...] Many of the mechanisms explained above taken individually do not require UEFI. But of course the chain of trust suggested above requires something like UEFI SecureBoot. If your system lacks UEFI it’s probably best to find work-alikes to the technologies suggested above, but I doubt I’ll be able to help you there. # ⚓ Lennart:_Linux_Comes_Up_Short_Around_Disk_Encryption, Authenticated_Boot_Security [Ed: All those proprietary software OSes have back doors in their ‘encryption’ (see e.g. [1, 2]) so quit helping their propaganda]⠀⇛ Most Linux distributions are currently coming up short from offering adequate security around full disk encryption and authenticated boot. Prominent Linux developer Lennart Poettering even argues that your data is “probably more secure if stored on current ChromeOS, Android, Windows or macOS devices.” Lead systemd developer Lennart Poettering wrote a lengthy blog post today around the state of authenticated boot and disk encryption on Linux. While many Linux distributions offer full-disk encryption, offer UEFI SecureBoot, and begun embracing TPMs, many of the technologies aren’t being used to their best potential yet especially now by default / out-of-the-box. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ How_many_Android_containers_can_you_fit_on_your_VM?⠀⇛ The Register speaks to Canonical about running the OS in the cloud Developers targeting Android are spoiled for choice with their platforms. There are a variety of options available for running Android application development environments these days. Even Microsoft has promised that its upcoming Windows 11 will eventually be able to run the apps on the desktop and has long since supported the mobile OS via its Your Phone app, even while smothering its ailing Windows Phone with a cuddly Android pillow. For Canonical, however, Anbox remains a cloud product, according to Simon Fels, engineering manager and is therefore unlikely to feature in any desktop version of the company’s Ubuntu distribution any time soon, although with September’s announcement it will now cheerfully scale from the heights of the cloud down to a single Virtual Machine via the Appliance version. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Gateworks_GW16146_is_an_802.11ah_WiFi_HaLow_Mini_PCIe module_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Gateworks GW16146 is an 802.11ah WiFi HaLow Mini PCIe card designed to provide long-range wireless to IoT applications utilizing the company’s Venice and Newport single board computers. We first noticed 802.11ah WiFI LPWAN standard operating at 900 MHz for the Internet of Things in 2014, followed by Newracom NRC6101 chip in 2015, and the following year the Wi- Fi Alliance decided to call the new standard “Wi-Fi HaLow“. I was expecting it to compete with the likes of LoRa and NB-IoT, but I have not heard much about it, and when I asked a WiFi module and board supplier earlier this year, they seemed surprised I would even be interested in this type of hardware and, obviously, did not have any… So it’s good to see some new hardware coming out. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Engadget_is_now_a_part_of_Verizon_Media⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Maps_UI_on_Android_Auto_now_optimized_for right-hand_drives_–_Android_Community⠀⇛ # ⚓ New_Skyworth_OLED_Android_TVs_Are_Coming_To_The_US⠀⇛ # ⚓ Google_Nest_Hub_50%_off_+_$100_off_Hisense_Android TVs_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Government_warns_Android_phone_users_of_banking_scam app:_How_not_to_become_a_victim_|_Gadgets_Now⠀⇛ # ⚓ google_cci_case:_Google_takes_CCI_to_court_over leaked_Android_probe_report_–_The_Economic_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Best_Android_app_deals_of_the_day:_Monopoly,_Clue, more_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Anker’s_Android_Nebula_Cosmos_Projector_now_$600_at Amazon_(Reg._$800)_+_more_from_$200_–_9to5Toys⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_G50_is_a_$300_5G_phone_with_a_5000mAh_battery, Android_updates_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_“monet”_color_theming_may_be_adopted_by other_OEMs_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Blackview_upgrades_BL6000_Pro_with_Android_11_– Gizchina.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ Redmi_Smart_TV_series_with_Android_11,_20_W_speakers launched_in_India_at_a_starting_price_of_Rs_15,999- Technology_News,_Firstpost⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gmail_for_Android_Updated_With_‘Improved_Search’ Filters⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_Galaxy_A30s,_A50,_and_M51_get_September_2021 Android_security_patch_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ 5_reasons_to_switch_to_Firefox_right_now⠀⇛ Mozilla Firefox was one of the applications that opened my eyes to open source. It wasn’t by any means the tipping point, but it was part of a larger cumulative effect of several open source applications grabbing my attention, which ultimately resulted in me switching to Linux, and never looking back. Since switching to Firefox, which occurred well before I consciously changed to open source, I’ve been an avid Firefox user. My mobile phone was a Firefox OS mobile phone, and it was until the project was abandoned. Interestingly, though, I didn’t necessarily consider myself a Firefox fan. I used it then and continue to use it today because it continues to be the best browser available in many different ways. Here are five reasons you should switch to Firefox right now. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_prrd_0.0.5:_Incremental_Mode⠀⇛ The key idea of prrd is simple, and described in some more detail on its webpage and its GitHub repo. Reverse dependency checks are an important part of package development that is easily done in a (serial) loop. But these checks are also generally embarassingly parallel as there is no or little interdependency between them (besides maybe shared build depedencies). See the (dated) screenshot (running six parallel workers, arranged in a split byobu session). This release brings some new features I used of late when testing and re-testing reverse dependencies for Rcpp. Enqueuing jobs can now consider the most recent prior job queue file. This allows us to find new packages that were not part of the previous runs. We added a second toggle to also add those packages who failed in the previous run. Finally, the dequeue interface allows to specify a date (rather than defaulting to the current date, useful for long-running jobs or restarts). # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Revisiting_NaNs_in_Python⠀⇛ Back in January 2020, we looked at some oddities in Python’s handling of Not a Number (NaN) values in its statistics module. The conversation went quiet after that, but it has been revived recently with an eye toward fixing the problems that were reported. As detailed in that earlier article, NaNs are rather strange beasts in the floating-point universe, so figuring out how best to deal with their presence is less straightforward than it might seem. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ This_Week_in_Rust_409⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Punks,_Goths_&_Mods_on_Irish_TV,_1983⠀⇛ o ⚓ Allies⠀⇛ What role did white women play in the story of Donald Trump? In the months after his election, pink-pussyhat- clad white women positioned themselves as the paradigmatic victims of a misogynistic president, even as commentators pointed out that 47 percent of them (or, I should say, 47 percent of us) voted for him. By the end of his term, news-making “Karens” showed that white women not only voted for Trump in large numbers but were often active participants in the racist state violence he championed. Pink pussyhats recalled the moment when Trump was caught on tape bragging about his ability to assault women with impunity; now white women were caught on video, bragging about their ability to deploy the police against people of color.1 o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Steve_Wozniak_Wants_to_Clean_Up_Space_Trash [Ed: How about, stop asking your super-rich friends to stop flying trash into orbit?]⠀⇛ There are definitely romantic aspects to space exploration, with moments like Neil Armstrong’s first walk on the moon seared into the public consciousness. But one oft-neglected part of space travel is in the inevitable accumulation of garbage. Abandoned satellites, launch vehicle rockets, debris, heat shields, and dozens of other types of discarded space junk remain in orbit. NASA estimated that 6000 tons of waste are tumbling around Earth’s low orbit. Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin left trash on the moon. All told, there are about 400,000 pounds of man-made waste on the lunar surface. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Baby_Poop_Has_Ten_Times_More_Microplastic_in_It_Than_Adult Poop:_Study⠀⇛ Infants have an average of 10 times the concentration of a type of microplastic in their poop than adults, a pilot study released Wednesday found. The research, published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology Letters, follows previous studies reflecting the ubiquity of microplastics—small fibers less than 5 mm in size originating from everyday objects like plastic bottles and polyester clothing and that end up in the planet’s waterways and human guts. # ⚓ WHO’s_New_Air_Pollution_Guidelines_Reflect_Deadly_Toll_of Fossil_Fuels⠀⇛ Bolstering arguments for rapidly phasing out fossil fuels to not only combat the climate emergency but also potentially save millions of lives annually, the World Health Organization on Wednesday updated its guidelines on air quality for the first time in over 15 years. “The science is unequivocal… but these targets for clean air are meaningless if they aren’t addressed with government action.”—Aidan Farrow, Greenpeace International # ⚓ Opinion_|_Biden’s_Global_Summit_Covid-19_Targets_Are Terribly_Insufficient⠀⇛ As part of President Biden’s plan to address the global Covid-19 pandemic and inequitable distribution of vaccines, medicines, and tests to many parts of the world, he convened a global summit held virtually on Wednesday. # ⚓ Experts_to_Biden:_Strongarm_Big_Pharma_to_Erase_‘Moral Stain’_of_Vaccine_Apartheid⠀⇛ President Joe Biden has the authority to compel U.S. pharmaceutical companies to share their coronavirus vaccine formulas and technological know-how with pandemic-ravaged developing countries, a fact that experts and public health campaigners amplified with urgency on Wednesday as world leaders convened for a virtual Covid-19 summit. According to the New York Times, Biden has privately pushed both Pfizer and Moderna—the makers of the two available mRNA vaccines—to “enter into joint ventures where they would license their technology to contract manufacturers with the aim of providing vaccines to low- and middle-income countries.” o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Exchange_Autodiscover_feature_can_cause_Outlook to_leak_credentials⠀⇛ Security researchers warn that a design issue in how the Microsoft Exchange Autodiscover feature works can cause Outlook and other third-party Exchange client applications to leak plaintext Windows domain credentials to external servers. The risk is significantly higher for devices that are used outside of corporate networks, a common scenario during the pandemic. The goal of Microsoft’s Autodiscover protocol for Exchange is to help client applications to configure their connection to Exchange automatically. To do this, they rely on a remote configuration file hosted on what is intended to be a company domain. However, because of a design issue that has been highlighted in the past as well, the protocol can end up searching for the configuration on external domains that are or can be registered by anyone. # ⚓ Apple_tried_to_patch_this_security_hole_in macOS_Finder_but_didn’t_consider_upper_and lowercase_characters⠀⇛ Apple’s macOS Finder application is currently vulnerable to a remote code execution bug, despite an apparent attempt to fix the problem. A security advisory published Tuesday by the SSD Secure Disclosure program, on behalf of researcher Park Minchan, explains that macOS Finder – which provides a visual interface for interacting with files – is vulnerable to documents with the .inetloc extension. “[T]hese files can be embedded inside emails which if the user clicks on them will execute the commands embedded inside them without providing a prompt or warning to the user,” the advisory says. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Pick_Up_the_Stone:_The_American_Way_of_Vengeance⠀⇛ “Vengeance is mine,” saith the Lord, and for this reason there is a peculiar perversity to the spectacle of fanatical Christians embracing vigilantism and de facto bounty hunting to “save the children,” punish the women, avenge the fetuses consigned by law to limbo ever since Roe v. Wade allowed women a measure of bodily autonomy in 1973. The Lord, after all, did not say, “Vengeance is yours; go get ’em!” # ⚓ Opinion_|_End_US_War-Making_Everywhere⠀⇛ The U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan, after 20 years of brutal occupation, should just be the beginning. The United States must also end the disastrous “War on Terror,” including the bombing campaigns targeting Somalia and Yemen. And it must also put a stop to the brutal sanctions against Cuba, Venezuela, Iran and other countries in the Global South.  # ⚓ Nearly_50_Groups_Demand_Passage_of_Amendments_to_Cut Pentagon_Budget⠀⇛ Members of Congress must “stem the tide of exorbitant military spending” by backing two amendments to the annual defense bill that would cut the Pentagon budget. That was the message delivered to lawmakers Tuesday in a letter (pdf) from a diverse collection of 49 organizations including Demand Progress, Greenpeace USA, Public Citizen, and Veterans for Peace. # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Feminist_Case_for_Cutting_the_Pentagon Budget⠀⇛ I was eight years old when the United States invaded Afghanistan in October of 2001. By that time, politicians and the media had used every trick in the book to justify invading an entire country that had nothing to do with the September 11 terrorist attacks. # ⚓ Ex-Prisoners_Recall_US_Torture_at_‘Afghanistan’s_Abu Ghraib’⠀⇛ In a chilling reminder of the war crimes committed during the 20-year Afghanistan War, former inmates of a notorious prison at the largest U.S. military base in the country recently returned there to recount the torture and other horrors they endured during their captivity. “They used to tie us to this chair, our hands and feet, and then applied electric shocks.”—Hajimumin Hamza, former prisoner # ⚓ Opinion_|_End_the_Pentagon’s_New_Anti-China_Slush_Fund_and Reinvest_in_Our_Communities_Instead⠀⇛ As the last U.S. troops left Afghanistan, the military establishment and the contractors who have raked in the profits as Afghanistan’s civilians suffered immeasurably had already turned their attention to the next war they could use to justify allocating nearly half of the United States’ total discretionary spending on the Military-Industrial Congressional Complex. The process of constructing America’s next “great threat” to justify militarism began with President Obama’s “Pivot to Asia,” which started the current U.S. military buildup in the Asia-Pacific region and initiated an era of anti- China legislation that continues to this day. One of the more recent and alarming anti-China initiatives is the Pacific Deterrence Initiative (PDI), which would allocate $5.1 billion to the Department of Defense’s $66 billion Indo-Pacific budget for fiscal year 2022.  # ⚓ “Life_Has_Become_Unlivable_in_Honduras”:_How_Corruption_& Drug_Trade_Fueled_Migration_to_U.S.⠀⇛ We look at a new Reuters special report examining corruption and the drug trade in Honduras, which human rights groups say are pushing tens of thousands of people to flee the Central American country for the United States. “People really describe feeling that their life has become unlivable in Honduras,” Reuters correspondent Laura Gottesdiener says. This comes less than six months after a federal court in New York sentenced Tony Hernández, the brother of Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernández, to life in prison for drug trafficking and listed the president as a co- conspirator. We also speak with Adriana Beltrán, executive director of the Seattle International Foundation, who says the instability in Honduras today is directly linked to the U.S.-backed coup of 2009 that deposed President Manuel Zelaya. “To a large extent, the crisis that you continue to see in Honduras and its democracy has its roots in the coup,” Beltrán says. “Honduras has been struggling to build representative democracy, to fight corruption and crime.” o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Groundbreaking’_Win_as_Court_Rules_USFWS_Can’t_Ignore Climate_Impacts_on_Joshua_Tree⠀⇛ “Our climate-imperiled species—plants and animals alike—do not have time for political gamesmanship that questions unambiguous science.”—Jennifer Schwartz, WildEarth Guardians # ⚓ Opinion_|_U.S._Militarism’s_Toxic,_Planet-Killing_Impact_on Climate_Policy⠀⇛ President Biden addressed the UN General Assembly on September 21 with a warning that the climate crisis is fast approaching a “point of no return,” and a promise that the United States would rally the world to action. “We will lead not just with the example of our power but, God willing, with the power of our example,” he said. # ⚓ Groundbreaking_Legal_Win_for_the_Joshua_Tree:_Court_Rules That_Federal_Government_Cannot_Ignore_Impact_of_Climate Change_on_the_Desert_Icon⠀⇛ The Service disregarded overwhelming scientific evidence showing that climate change poses a major threat to the Joshua tree’s survival when the agency denied listing the species as threatened under the Act. The decision stems from a 2019 lawsuit filed by WildEarth Guardians, challenging the Service’s decision that the desert icon did not warrant federal protection, despite all the available scientific evidence pointing to the same conclusion: Joshua trees will be in danger of extinction throughout most of their current range by century’s end from climate change driven habitat loss, invasive grass fueled wildfire, and other stressors. “The Court’s decision represents a monumental step forward for the Joshua tree, but also for all climate-imperiled species whose fate relies upon the Service following the law and evaluating the best scientific data available with respect to forecasting future climate change impacts,” said Jennifer Schwartz, staff attorney for WildEarth Guardians and lead attorney on the case. “The Court’s unequivocal holding—that the Service cannot summarily dismiss scientific evidence that runs counter to its conclusions—will force the federal government to confront the reality of climate change and begin focusing on how to help species adapt.” # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘Huge_Step_Forward’:_China_Applauded_for_Pledge_to Stop_Building_Overseas_Coal_Plants⠀⇛ “China’s pledge to scale up support to green energy is also a show of great commitment that will inject much needed momentum in the pursuit of a just transition in developing nations mostly vulnerable to the climate crisis.”—Landry Ninteretse, 350Africa.org “This move will scale down fossil fuels in the continent, and limit harmful impacts of coal that are already being felt in parts of the continent,” said Landry Ninteretse of 350Africa.org. “China is paving the way for other governments that continue to venture into deadly fossil fuel projects to stop them and instead accelerate plans to phase out coal, end public finance for oil and gas and implement a just transition based on renewable energy for the continent.” # ⚓ Rapid_Shift_to_Electric_Vehicles_Could_Create_Over 150,000_Jobs_in_US_by_2030⠀⇛ While the transition to electric vehicles is “inevitable,” the consequences for U.S. workers depend on how policymakers manage the shift. With “smart policy,” lawmakers can turn the coming auto industry “upheaval” into an opportunity to create up to 150,000 “good jobs” by 2030. “We can ensure the shift to electric vehicles creates jobs and benefits workers—if policymakers act.”—Jim Barrett, Economist # ⚓ ‘Enough_Is_Enough’:_Report_Shows_Big_Oil’s_Offshore Tax_Loopholes_Cost_US_at_Least_$86_Billion_Per_Year⠀⇛ A new report released Wednesday identifies $86 billion worth of offshore tax loopholes that a dozen U.S.-based oil and gas companies exploit each year as part of a “tax bonanza,” a finding that comes as climate justice advocates push Congress to eliminate subsidies to the fossil fuel industry. “Our government cannot continue to bankroll climate destruction,” Friends of the Earth tweeted Wednesday. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Clearcutting_Yellowstone⠀⇛ The Forest Service claimed that utter destruction, pictured above, in the Helena National Forest would be “forest restoration” supposedly intended to “protect Helena’s municipal water supply” from wildfire just like they are claiming that clear-cutting 8.6 square miles will restore the forest on the border of Yellowstone National Park and make it more resilient. But a picture is worth a thousand words: clear-cuts are not restoration. It is also well-documented that wildfires burn right through clear-cuts in Montana and across the West. Clear-cuts are full of highly flammable weeds, logs they didn’t want, and kindling-like slash, and the removal of the large fire-resistant trees and moisture-retaining, shade-creating forest canopy during logging leaves a landscape that is dramatically hotter, drier, and windier — precisely the type of conditions that increase the risk of wildfire ignition and spread. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Wagging_the_Bitcoin_Dog⠀⇛ Bukele came to power in 2019, riding on a wave of anti-establishment sentiment. Exhausted and frustrated by the inability of the traditional parties on the right and the left (ARENA and FMLN) to deliver on their promises of security and shared economic growth, the country turned to a young, charismatic politician whose primary qualification was that he was not aligned with either traditional party. Early in what is supposed to be a five-year term in office, Bukele had to deal with the COVID- 19 crisis and he took a hard line, imposing a toque de queda, a stay at home order, with only limited exceptions. Though the order faced opposition, it arguably did succeed in saving the country from the harms experienced by countries whose leaders did not take the virus seriously. His success was rewarded in the midterm elections, with his party winning a supermajority of seats and both ARENA and FLMN reduced to shells of their former selves. With the legislative branch fully in his pocket after the midterms, Bukele moved to neutralize the only remaining the check on his ambitions, the country’s high court. Using their supermajority, Bukele’s party sacked the sitting judges of the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court as well as Attorney General Raul Melara in early May of this year. Earlier this month, the reconstituted Supreme Court did the master’s bidding, signing off on the President seeking reelection and serving a non-consecutive second term. For a country that passed through a lengthy civil war, a long series of coups, and that continues to suffer from deeply entrenched insecurity and violence, the current move towards authoritarianism should be deeply troubling. # ⚓ What_is_Neoliberalism?_A_Primer⠀⇛ The most common mistake people make in trying to understand neoliberalism is to think that it is simply a resurgence of traditional anti-tax, anti- regulation, anti-union free-market liberalism (also called market conservatism). There’s something different about neoliberalism, which explains the “neo”. What is it? Basically, neoliberalism is strong-government market liberalism. Traditional market liberals (Adam Smith) believed in freedom in general. Their freedom began with market freedom, in which business and trade are only minimally impacted by the multitude of assigned monopolies, licensing rules, required permissions, regulations, prohibitions, taxes, and fees which cramped the economy under earlier feudal and absolutist states. But classic liberalism also was (up to a point) egalitarian and libertarian, doing away with the enforced social categories (noble, bourgeois, clergy, and commoner, and serf) which prescribed who could participate in which activity. Finally, classic liberals usually supported increased personal freedoms in non-economic, including such rights as religious freedom, freedom of speech, the right to bear arms,  habeas corpus,  the right to a fair trial, the prohibition of arbitrary punishment, the right to political participation, and so on. # ⚓ Letter_Urges_Progressives_to_Fight_‘Wall_Street_Democrats’ Holding_Biden’s_Agenda_Hostage⠀⇛ A pair of advocates for higher taxes on the rich sent a letter Wednesday urging members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus to keep up their fight against “Wall Street Democrats” who are attempting to water down—or even kill entirely—a centerpiece of their party’s domestic policy agenda. “As a matter of national policy, the United States does not negotiate with terrorists. It’s time for the Congressional Progressive Caucus to extend that principle to the legislative process,” Morris Pearl and Erica Payne of the Patriotic Millionaires wrote in their letter (pdf) to Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D- Wash.), the chair of the CPC. # ⚓ Opinion_|_Pass_the_PRO_Act_to_Demand_More_for_ALL_Workers⠀⇛ We need to pass the PRO Act to better represent all workers, especially those most vulnerable to discrimination and employer abuse. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ ‘We_Are_Trying_to_Save_It,’_Progressives_Say_as_Right-Wing Dems_Sabotage_Biden’s_Agenda⠀⇛ The Democratic Party’s sweeping domestic policy agenda—from sizable climate investments to drug- pricing reforms to Medicare expansion—is under growing threat from the inside as right-wing members backed by corporate cash aim to tank or pare back central components of a multitrillion- dollar reconciliation plan. “Big Pharma, Big Oil, Wall Street, and their foot soldiers in Congress are doing everything in their power to kill President Biden’s agenda.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_And_Then_There_Were_Guys_On_Horseback:_We_Have Not_Yet_Forgiven_Haiti_For_Being_Black⠀⇛ For Haitians and anyone else appalled by their fate, there was one last indignity: the racist, hysterical fear-mongering swiftly taken up by a right-wing eager for blood, from the reptillian Greg Abbott – we need to “stop these caravans from overrunning our state” – to GOP Texans decrying an “invasion” of migrants who could “take over our country without firing a shot.” On Fox, a Del Rio woman ominously reported, “We’ve had footprints from illegals, in the middle of night, underneath our daughters’ bedroom windows”; Red State blasted a “national security disaster” overseen by “a mental invalid” who’s “on the beach again for a long weekend.” Leading the slimy charge was Ted Cruz, never one to miss a performative photo op while spreading hate and lies and pretending to be outraged by something. “I am on the ground in Del Rio,” he intoned in a bumptious, Monty-Python-like video, gesturing to huddled black bodies behind him. “As of this moment, there are 10,503 illegal aliens…This man-made crisis was caused by Joe Biden.” Bullshit, said America, which noted the GOP runs Texas so maybe some of this is on them: “You’re right, Haiti’s earthquake, hurricane and collapse of the government probably had nothing to do with it….Mother of God!…I hope they come to my neighborhood – welcome, friends… I assume Cancun Cruz headed directly to his office to work on legislation to double funding to process refugees and sent staff to make sure they are properly fed (as) their processing continues. Or he went out for a lobbyist-paid steak.” Finally, you smug, racist, self-righteous, opportunistic son of a Cuban migrant: They’re not illegal aliens. They’re human beings. # ⚓ A_Tough_Candidate_Forum_in_Virginia_Previews_the_GOP Playbook_for_2022⠀⇛ If November’s election for control of the state House of Delegates is anything like Tuesday night’s candidate forum in this coastal, military swing district, it could be a tough night for Democrats. Which could also foreshadow a bad 2022 midterm cycle. # ⚓ The_Anglo_Unilateralists_Strike⠀⇛ The fact that such diplomacy had never gone away seemed to escape him.  In the simpleton’s view of politics, his predecessor had abandoned the jaw jaw approach to international relations for muscular and mindless US unilateralism.  Allies had been belittled, ignored and mocked.  Strongmen had been feted, admired and praised.  It was now incumbent upon the United States, urged Biden, that “American leadership” confront “this new moment of advancing authoritarianism, including the growing ambitions of China to rival the United States and the determination of Russia to damage and disrupt our democracy.” It would have been more accurate to say that President Donald Trump’s coarse, business board room model was simply too much of a shock for those familiarly comfortable with guile, deception and dissimulation.  But Biden’s return to acceptable hypocrisy did not mask the “America First” note in his temper.  Since then, that temper has seen a dramatic, ahead-of-schedule exit from Afghanistan, building on Trump’s undertakings to conclude open- ended wars and commitments.  US allies began to wonder whether the Biden model was that different from Trump’s cruder original. # ⚓ 11_Senators_Support_House_Progressives’_Push_to_Pass_Full Biden_Agenda⠀⇛ With rising uncertainty about the fate of a U.S. Senate-approved bipartisan infrastructure bill and the broader reconciliation package Democrats are crafting, 11 senators on Wednesday expressed support for House progressives fighting to pass both simultaneously. “We strongly support the Congressional Progressive Caucus and other members in the House who have said they intend to vote for the bipartisan infrastructure bill only once the Build Back Better Act is passed.”—11 senators o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Unsealed_Documents_In_Nunes’_Family_Farm’s_Lawsuit_Against Ryan_Lizza_Raise_More_Questions_About_The_Lawsuit_Than_They Answer⠀⇛ The saga of Devin Nunes’ family’s lawsuit against reporter Ryan Lizza and Esquire Magazine got even more bizarre last week. Back in June, we had written about some heavily redacted documents in the case that suggested that Nunes’ lawyer, Steven Biss, was playing some very dangerous games in order to try to keep the employees of the NuStar Farms (owned by Nunes’ relatives) from testifying as to their immigration status. As you may recall, the only part of the lawsuit that was still going on were defamation claims regarding the implication that the farm might employ undocumented workers, which would be noteworthy, considering Devin Nunes hardline stance on immigration. # ⚓ Content_Moderation_Case_Study:_Bing_Search_Results_Erases Images_Of_‘Tank_Man’_On_Anniversary_Of_Tiananmen_Square Crackdown_(2021)⠀⇛ Summary: On the 32nd anniversary of the Tiananmen Square protests, internet users noticed Microsoft’s Bing search engine was producing some interesting results. Or, rather, it wasn’t producing expected search results for some possibly interesting reasons. # ⚓ Welcome_To_The_New_Techdirt_Greenhouse_Panel:_Content Moderation_At_The_Infrastructure_Level⠀⇛ Today we’re launching our latest Techdirt Tech Policy Greenhouse discussion in which we bring in a bunch of actual experts to discuss and debate complex and nuanced subjects regarding tech policy — this time about content moderation at the infrastructure layer. We’re excited that we’re doing it in partnership with our friends over at the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)! Also, we’re going to conclude this new series of posts on Techdirt with two virtual events. On October 6th from 9am to noon PT, we’ll have many of this series’ authors discussing and debating their pieces in front of a live (though virtual!) audience (register to attend here). The following day, on October 7th, EFF and Techdirt will be hosting a smaller workshop event to take some of what we learned and discussed the previous day, and see if we can come up with more concrete steps and approaches to make sure providers, policymakers, and others understand the risks and challenges of infrastructure moderation, and how to respond to those risks. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Mexico_Got_Rid_of_a_Prominent_Columbus_Statue._Neo-Colonial Economic_Policies_Should_Fall_Next⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Night_The_United_States_Supreme_Court_Cancelled_Law⠀⇛ Last week’s news about Justice Barrett fretting about the Supreme Court being seen as partisan calls to mind the old joke about a defendant on trial for murdering his parents and begging the court for mercy because he’s an orphan. If you’ve created the mess you find yourself in, you have no one to blame but yourself. # ⚓ Hong_Kong_Government_Arrests_Four_Members_Of_Pro-Democracy Hong_Kong_Alliance,_Shuts_Down_Its_Online_Presence⠀⇛ The Chinese government’s national security law — adopted/acquiesced to by Hong Kong politicians apparently handpicked to serve the country that agreed not to interfere in Hong Kong’s government business until 2047 — is still paying off for the region’s impatient overseers. # ⚓ China_Is_Dismantling_Hong_Kong’s_Unions⠀⇛ Chinese state media outlets are railing against groups they claim are involved in money laundering, inciting riots, and supporting gangsters. They warn against “a chronic poison of society” and “a malignant tumor that must be destroyed.” The situation is so bad, the newspapers say, that it is time for the Hong Kong government to crack down. # ⚓ ‘This_Cannot_Happen’:_Biden_DHS_Seeks_Contractor_for Migrant_Detention_Center_at_Guantánamo_Bay⠀⇛ “This is an embarrassingly bad decision. Do better.” That’s how U.S. Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-Minn.) responded Wednesday to reporting that the Biden administration, already under fire this week for its immigration policies, “is seeking a private contractor to operate a migrant detention facility at the U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, with a requirement that some of the guards speak Spanish and Haitian Creole.” o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple_Training_Videos_Highlight_Company’s_Adversarial Stance_On_Affordable_Repairs⠀⇛ Apple has never looked too kindly upon users actually repairing their own devices. The company’s ham-fisted efforts to shut down, sue, or otherwise imperil third-party repair shops are well established. As are the company’s efforts to force recycling shops to shred Apple products (so they can’t be refurbished and re-used), and Apple’s often comical attacks on essential right to repair legislation, which only sprung up after companies like Apple, Microsoft, Sony, John Deere, and others created a grass-roots counter-movement via their attempts to monopolize repair. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_experiments_with_user-choice-defying_Android_search box⠀⇛ Google has been spotted testing a web technology that a former staffer fears will further undermine the already often ignored choices people make about their browsers. Alex Russell, who joined Microsoft in June as partner program manager on Edge after more than 12 years as a senior engineer at Google, noted on Twitter the appearance of WebLayer. WebLayer, as Google describes it, is “a high level embedding API to support building a browser.” It’s sort of like WebView on steroids. WebView is an API in Android and iOS for presenting web content within a native app and is the basis for WebView in-app browsers (IAB) implemented in apps like Facebook, Microsoft Bing Search, Facebook Messenger, Instagram, Pinterest, and Snapchat. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ BioArctic_receives_European_patent_for_antibodies targeting_Alzheimer’s_disease [Ed: More patents or monopolies instead of patients, even monopolies on antibodies]⠀⇛ BioArctic AB has announced that the European Patent Office (EPO) has issued a decision to grant European patent EP 2 448 968 B1 for novel antibodies that could be developed into a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. The patent comes into force on 27 January 2021 and expires in 2030. # ⚓ How_India_can_witness_a_new_wave_of_IP_savvy_startups and_MSMEs [Ed: Incredible patent propaganda with conflict of interest; people who sell litigation want us to think this climate of litigious behaviour is good for small businesses. It is a lie.]⠀⇛ Innovation is a critical factor for the advancement of society. Problem-solving inventions, especially technological ones, enhance society’s capacity to act and drive economic growth. That said, countries across the globe have varying levels of innovativeness, which can be gauged by global innovation ranking. As per the Global Innovation Index (GII) rankings 2020, India holds the 48th rank in 131 countries. Since a vast majority of companies in India include startups and MSMEs, this data essentially shows the status of their innovations. The following article covers how India can witness a new wave of IP savvy startups and MSMEs. Let’s start by exploring the global rankings data. Are Global Rankings on IP Filings Reliable? Intellectual property is a reasonable pointer to gauge the innovativeness of a country. That’s because if a company is innovative and wants to hold a dominant position in the market based on it, it would protect its intellectual asset via IP rights such as patents and trademarks. India stands at the 8th position in terms of patent filings. While the country does make it to 8th rank, the margin between India and other top-performing countries is huge. # ⚓ Exclusive:_Slovenia_ratifies_UPC_protocol [Ed: Laughable PR stunt from Team UPC because UPCA is already dead, UK left the EU, so this is just for faking momentum with meaningless move]⠀⇛ One more country will still be required to ratify the PAP protocol before the next phase of the UPC can begin # ⚓ ToolGen_Files_Reply_Brief_to_CVC’s_Opposition_to_its Substantive_Preliminary_Motion_No._2 [Ed: More on the efforts to privatise life and nature using patents or misuse of patent law]⠀⇛ In June, Senior Party ToolGen filed its Substantive Preliminary Motion No. 2 to deny Junior Party the University of California, Berkeley; the University of Vienna; and Emmanuelle Charpentier (collectively, “CVC”) priority benefit to its U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/757,640, filed January 28, 2013 (“Provisional 3″), pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §§ 41.121(a)(1)(ii) and 41.208(a)(3) and Standing Order ¶ 208.4.1. CVC filed its Opposition to this Motion. On August 26th, ToolGen filed its Reply. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 6736 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 99 seconds to (re)generate ⟲