𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, October 09, 2021 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sun 10 Oct 02:40:27 BST 2021 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/09/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmNUSEXDbUxbW6m6ooyVZNdN7ZyhMjh1q1VNUXyw4WUQ3i QmXigVXDZA7wuFXWn1ieyB6Z3Vz1jBDVuLsbFcmJW29g7k QmPEfsYcyS2TDHQVY6rC6oShWGQQA9zzKSLEsWg34fRiPT QmZvjyhZs3sJdozDCTLX1fbmAMdwoGgJqcPT97hYdb4eS8 QmP3ZqUhWLtsoNk9e1XZbKMU4hB7Z4XET8rdm3utr2x9y9 QmRJGaosMaTsLMaPkXt42c3eUm2cmGbMQsiWbqwfSj4rFV QmVpm9hDw5gu77p5GNGaG5DU2W7uzy83mFBbqknJREAU3w QmV3rmUZyHKRZr4HLVsZHXH3SyMh5Xz6dwshz5vRFuVMAD QmSoYJzJX4ejm4LRdPXhN6F7YBjLvbCRnrxdhaDSj8iaNC QmbpQyjzfhZNaWnZ1L6GHyRzDA6B5RojnHgAGKGeJKMiyn QmZjNRnDnEWPhNuhKXBvuyovU32qnjESR1UG1T8emS6oy2 QmSjHyfej3iKcBfRyB2EGPkqcfwQ3z51X2Qz89CbQ1D5GX QmRXKRPosZ7Bz2MggcSzikrb6U91AxeDNghC3nQk4eD4fh QmXTYTLpzWBYZ5xwWzbbZJAw6K15tUSpUQPiKiZLEsKUUq QmUeuLZQ99vnV24pVDJ9uvHk32tda8NgQW3EpyMCrA9AuB QmZmZwDEJRgqxWPLUg1yQVpFv4YB6HxbHmBdDJg9X68QK2 QmeLhW4oLVWzxpCUCDkA1dFjjenb5EnMwdtSi35sDbQZgd QmajCNJF85CQYXyosFsER5Yo2XiPM6BUZkHYzeqXkCfiv3 QmScBUgZwyXW8e6VTQ7hn4TPr2dPrqRq4mBq4A6SJD33QU QmNq798z2Jmsd7aRXgNnfjRvXzECKPp7piDVUnWvgsGMmw QmRVquEDfjUxjZohz6NpGuYae1hJY5sYhcGTzygC15t1qe ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, October 08, 2021 | Techrights ⦿ The EPO’s Overseer/Overseen Collusion — Part VII: Luxembourgish Laxity | Techrights ⦿ Etienne Schneider, Lex Kaufhold and Other Officials Empowered EPO’s Tyranny of Lawlessness, But Will Iris Depoulain Put an End to That? | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] It’s No Rosa Luxemburg | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/irc-log-081021/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-dog-ate-my-homework/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-epo-delegation/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/meme-lex-kaufhold/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/kde-frameworks-5-87/#comments http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/libreoffice-conference-2021-in-hamburg/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 57 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/irc-log-081021/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/09/irc-log-081021/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_October_08,_2021⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:23 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techrights- 081021.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-081021.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-social-081021.txt * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/tr_text_version/irc-log-techbytes- 081021.txt Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmVJMs5gN1NZ5YvjFxLQRK5VEukS8UMfgxcm1fD3BaB1jq #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmTkoHXp74rWuYJxuowak35pwrKhnRobJmrH7Z3ZX2cKme (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmRKWCNWkzKehPFL8bdrA2jwcjWQJSWhBKoojy22sSTECz social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmceHJdEgiksN684Uv5yZ3Fv7FEGZwEQoK7o7tN3oYACf1 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZiGTKN1ZhMFJ49WBZYeZYXKoF4ZaFiAZcNJv9XY8vVTK #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmZzyod3YWM16VQTBKCGsyXjKb1UXhmk84RrZRXVU6yM25 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmVopGKqv1m64u1Pqh4AS1Q65jETaUdRYYCrePmty1sWUC #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmYVXQug9oV1QDpUfHkW6tMf12RWgPgy6WpGepct6kGFF4 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmRVquEDfjUxjZohz6NpGuYae1hJY5sYhcGTzygC15t1qe ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 186 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-dog-ate-my-homework/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-dog-ate-my-homework/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_VII:_Luxembourgish_Laxity⠀✐ Posted in Courtroom, Europe, Law, Patents at 5:12 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Series parts: 1. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_I:_Let_the_Sunshine_In! 2. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_II:_A_“Unanimous” Endorsement? 3. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_III:_Three_Missing_Votes 4. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_IV:_The_Founding_States 5. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_V:_Germany_Says_“Ja” 6. The_EPO’s_Overseer/Overseen_Collusion_—_Part_VI:_A_Distinct_Lack_of_Dutch Courage 7. YOU ARE HERE ☞ Luxembourgish Laxity 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lex_Kaufhold⦈_ Do Lex Kaufhold and the other representatives of the EPO‘s founding states realise the damage that they caused by their cavalier rubber-stamping of the unlawful proposals submitted to them by Benoît_Battistelli? And do they have any intention of apologising for permitting serious breaches of the fundamental rights of EPO staff to persist over a period of eight years? Summary: Today we look at the voting record of the small nation Luxembourg (population of 633,622 inhabitants as of March this year), a founding member state of the European Patent Organisation (EPO) that decided to violate the rights of all EPO staff; for comparison, total EU population is at 447,706,209 and EPO covers more than the EU, so the vote of Luxembourg weighs a lot, as much as Germany’s in fact, with only a thousandths of the total population covered In the Benelux camp, the Grand_Duchy of Luxembourg followed its larger neighbour the Kingdom of the Netherlands and voted in favour of Battistelli’s Vichyite_"Strike_Regulations" in June 2013. “During his visit to Luxembourg, Battistelli met with the Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade, Etienne Schneider…”An interesting background detail here is the fact that two months earlier – in April 2013 – Battistelli had paid an official visit to Luxembourg to attend a conference marking the country’s 6th annual_“Intellectual_Property_Day”. [PDF] During his visit to Luxembourg, Battistelli met with the Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade, Etienne_Schneider, the Head of the national “IP” office, Lex Kaufhold, as well as with representatives of the national industry, the Business Federation of Luxembourg (FEDIL), and patent attorneys. “After that “charm offensive” by the overlord of EPOnia, it is hardly surprising that the Luxembourg delegation agreed to endorse all of his proposals at the 136th Meeting of the Administrative Council which took place shortly afterwards.”Speaking at the conference to mark “Intellectual Property Day”, Battistelli acknowledged “the pioneering role of a founding member state of the European Patent Organisation, which is an important partner for the EPO.” After that “charm offensive” by the overlord of EPOnia, it is hardly surprising that the Luxembourg delegation agreed to endorse all of his proposals at the 136th Meeting of the Administrative Council which took place shortly afterwards. “In his official photo-ops, Kaufhold likes to project the image of a conscientious administrator who diligently studies his files.”The head of the Luxembourg delegation at the time in question was Lex Kaufhold, who continued to hold that position until the_end_of_2020. [PDF] In his official photo-ops, Kaufhold likes to project the image of a conscientious administrator who diligently studies his files. However, on this occasion he clearly failed to properly scrutinise the unlawful restrictions on the fundamental rights of EPO staff proposed by Battistelli. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Lex_Kaufhold_working⦈_ Head of the Luxembourg delegation, Lex Kaufhold, diligently studying his files. Unfortunately he seems to have overlooked some important details in connection with Battistelli’s “Strike Regulations”. Kaufhold’s failure to perform due diligence in June 2013 may have inflicted serious moral injury upon the staff of the EPO, but it does not appear to have adversely affected his career in his home country. In January 2021 he was promoted to a new position as a senior advisor (Conseiller de Direction 1ère classe) in the Office of the Minister for Economic Affairs. According to the official_job_description, Kaufhold’s new area of competence is advising on “assessment of risks, compliance and internal audit.” “Kaufhold’s failure to perform due diligence in June 2013 may have inflicted serious moral injury upon the staff of the EPO, but it does not appear to have adversely affected his career in his home country.”Looking at his voting record on the EPO’s Administrative Council and his unqualified endorsement of Battistelli’s Vichyite_"Strike_Regulations", it’s not immediately evident that he would be the best person for that particular job. But who knows, maybe he has learnt a thing or two since June 2013? Meanwhile, Kaufhold’s previous position as head of Luxembourg’s national “IP” office has been taken_over [PDF] by Iris Depoulain who now represents the Grand Duchy on the EPO’s Administrative Council. Prior to her promotion, Depoulain’s position at the Luxembourg “IP” Office was “Commissioner for Copyright and Related Rights”. So it’s not really clear how much she actually knows about patents. But hopefully she is a quick learner. “…it’s not really clear how much she actually knows about patents. But hopefully she is a quick learner.”In any event, it remains to be seen whether or not the fresh-faced Ms Depoulain will prove capable of making a useful contribution to righting the wrongs which have been inflicted upon EPO staff by the Administrative Council during the Battistelli era when her predecessor headed the national delegation. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Iris_Depoulain⦈_ It remains to be seen whether or not Iris Depoulain can help to steer the Council in the right direction and encourage it to right the wrongs which have been inflicted upon EPO staff during the Battistelli era. In the next part we will take a look at the delegations representing the United Kingdom and its closest neighbour, the Republic of Ireland. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡮⢀⢭⡀⢀⠥⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡟⣴⣇⡍⠴⣐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣷⣮⠿⡤⡈⡀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡴⣿⠇⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⠁⠉⠉⢉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣸⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⡿⣼⠒⢘⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢿⣙⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣷⡒⡃⠄⠐⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣻⣄⣀⢀⠁⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣾⡷⠂⣀⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡯⣟⢈⡜⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢶⡇⢀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⡯⢿⠉⠂ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⠌ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⠰⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢠⡶⠮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣧⡮⠃ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⢸⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣧⢟⠮ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⡀⠘⣆⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡶⡭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣖⠄⠀⢸⣂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣾⣿⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢯ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢸⣿⣗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡘ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⠟⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣏⠗ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣸⣎⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠋ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠻⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡧ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡟⣠ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⠀⢹⣶⡉⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⡔ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢧⡀⣤⣿⣆⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢏⣾⣿⣿⣿⡄⠘⣿⣷⣜⣂⡤⠈⠍⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢼ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⡎⠉⠙⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣲⣢⣦⣴⡃⡂⣄⢙⢙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣞⣯⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠠⠙⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⢸⣧⠀⠀⣿⡿⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣟⢿⣇⣽⣬⣶⣂⠀⢘⣻⣿⣿⣿⡿⣵⢫⡼ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠈⣷⣠⣄⠘⠇⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣓⡔ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⡅⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⡏⣹⣿⣿⣯⢿⠏⠀ ⣿⣧⠛⣞⢿⠝⠩⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣀⢰⣦⣄⣀⣀⠀⢌⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣜⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⡗⠙⣿⣿⡿⣚⡳⢂ ⣽⡶⣜⠋⡁⡈⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠠⠇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠅⠀⠇⠀⢹⣿⣿⣮⠾⠁ ⡫⣻⠀⠂⠀⠈⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⡴⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⢐⠊⡀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣠⠀ ⠺⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⢰⡑⠀⠀⠀⢸⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠀⠀⡝⠂⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⣝ ⠀⢸⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢰⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣼⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⣀⣀⠸⠗⡦⡝⡿⠿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⠀⠀⡄⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠀⣁⣹⣿⣶⣾⣭⣟⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣭⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣇⡆⠀⠀⣴⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⢸⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡆⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣝⡻⢟⣿⣿⣿⣇⡇⠀⣴⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⠂⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣤⣤⣴⡤⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣟⡿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣶⣦⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⠁⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣝⡻⣿⣿⠲⢤⣀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠉⠉⠻⣿⣍⠛⠛⠛⠉⠈⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣝⠳⣤⡀⠉ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣤⣶⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣶⠤⣴⣾⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡀⠀⠙⠦ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠉⠡⢾⡙⠛⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠃⢀⣼⣏⢿⣿⣿⡷⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⡇⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⡿⣯⡟⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡿⠋⢷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢙⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠁⠉⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣋⣿⢽⢘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠡⣿⠂⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠈⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⡸⣿⢸⣺⣿⣷⣹⢸⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡲⢸⡟⠀⢸⣾⣿⡀⠀⠀⣠⢠⣿⢠⡘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡇⣿⣿⣿⠈⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣸⣧⣻⡿⡸⠻⠟⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣿⡗⠀⢸⣿⣿⣷⠀⣴⣿⢸⡏⢰⡇⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⣯⣽⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⠿⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⢦⣿⣿⡇⣿⡜⠇⠁⠀⠁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣸⡟⠀⣴⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢛⢸⠃⣾⠁⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⢸⣿⡏⠁⠀⢸⢿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣞⡔⣿⣿⣯⢸⣿⣣⡈⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣿⢡⣾⡏⠟⣷⣿⣷⣸⠇⡎⣾⠀⠀⡼⠀⢻⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠀⠈⡟⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠐⠑⠽⠿⠿⠿⡝⣟⡻⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⡇⣴⣿⣿⡿⠀⢠⠁⡏⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⢿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠐⠀⣠⣠⣠⣤⣤⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⢰⣾⣿⡿⠁⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⣼⠀⠇⠀⠀⠁⠀⣀⣼⢟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠸⠏⠃⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀ ⠀⠠⢴⡝⠅⡻⠟⣫⣵⣆⣠⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠄⣒⠃⣼⣿⣿⣡⢠⣿⡿⠇⠀⠠⠃⠀⠀⣔⣐⣨⡿⢟⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣤⣴⣶⣾⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤ ⣿⣤⣌⡀⠑⡀⢐⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣻⣦⣤⣶⣥⣾⣬⣛⣻⣟⣿⣿⠮⠀⠀⠠⣀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣈⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠹⣿⣿⣿⣴⣇⠘⢿⣿⣧⡿⠿⠭⠻⡿⣿⣿⡟⠹⣻⡿⠻⠿⢟⣛⣥⣄⣀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶ ⠘⠛⠙⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠙⠀⠈⠈⠉⠈⠉⠑⠀⠙⠛⠛⠿⠟⣛⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⡉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠓⠀⠀⠐⠒⢛⣿⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠻⠟⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠟⠛⠛⠿⠿⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠶⠶⠶⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠘⠛⠛⠛⠛⠫⠭⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠿⠿⡷⠄⢀⣤⣤⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣬⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣟⠵⠶⠒⠂⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⠀⠑⠫⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣪⣾⣿ ⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⢿⣿⣟⣛⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠻⠏⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⡽⢿⣿ ⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠿⢛⣛⣻⡿⠭⠿⠛⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿ ⣠⣤⣶⣾⠿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⠀⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣽⣿⣧⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠦⣀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣠⣷⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠳⢦⡀⠈⠛⢿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣰⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢾⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣄⣀⣠⡄⠀⣀⡀⠀⢀⠙⠳⣤⡀⠘ ⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠙⠶ ⢀⣰⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡤⠒⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠙⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡶⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⣠⣦⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢿⣷⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⠞⠁⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣶⡶⠋⢙⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠛⣷⡠⣷⡔⢻⣿⡀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠤⠤⠐⠒⠋⠉⠉⠀⡙⡻⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣀⣼⣧⣈⣭⠥⣿⣷⣿⣿⠍⡉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠀⠁⠛⠙⠛⠃⠈⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⡿⣿⣿⣾⣤⣾⣿⣿⠹⡏⠐⣢⢄⣃⣀⣠⣀⣀⠁⢹⢟⣦⢄⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣾⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠘⢿⣹⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠸⣧⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠇⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣴⣾⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣶⣴⣦⡤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⠏⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠟⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡀⠀⢻⢿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢟⢿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⠸⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡰⡼⣾⣿⡇⠰⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⡙⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠑⠈⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 434 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-epo-delegation/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/09/luxembourg-epo-delegation/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Etienne_Schneider,_Lex_Kaufhold_and_Other_Officials_Empowered_EPO’s_Tyranny of_Lawlessness,_But_Will_Iris_Depoulain_Put_an_End_to_That?⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 6:05 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 7b35c0cab750bdde0d5da19a1d99e3ce http://techrights.org/videos/lux-lax-epo.webm Summary: There’s a new face in Luxembourg’s EPO delegation, a person who apparently lacks experience in the area of patents, but one can hope that next week she can put up resistance and undo the damage caused by her predecessors (the Administrative Council meets in 3 days, the Select Committee of the Administrative Council meets in 4 days, and the controversial [1, 2] Budget/ Finance Committee meets in 16 days, according to this_newly-updated_(10_days ago)_EPO_calendar (warning: epo.org link), which suggests that “meets” means “has an online webchat”) WE HAVE JUST published part_seven regarding the unlawful EPO (anti-strike) regulations passed with approval from Luxembourg for ‘King’ Battistelli (those same illegal regulations were exploited by António_Campinos for more than 3 years; Campinos was happy not to reassess these). 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Coat of arms of Luxembourg⦈ Like most people, I do not know a lot about Luxembourg (it’s a_very_small_country), but what I do know isn’t entirely positive, especially because of tax-related issues, long associated with the jurisdiction (a bit like Monaco, Panama, and Singapore). There are also some patent trolls parked in Luxembourg. We wrote about those in the more distant past. “Tomorrow we shall look at my home country, the UK, and British enablers of the Battistelli regime.”The video above notes that the country had a whole day (of the year; every year) devoted to reaffirming the monopolies of rich people and corporations, reinforcing myths associated with “ownership” or “property” where such terms are technically and legally inapplicable. Luxembourg is less than 4 hours away from The Hague (driving distance), but we don’t suppose Dutch politicians would truly scrutinise their close neighbour for any discrepancies (business, human rights, etc.); as we noted in the previous_part, the Dutch also exempt their own from investigations into war crimes. It’s a tail that wags a dog. 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇ICC logo⦈ The video does not talk about the country as much as its actions in relation to the EPO. It also ends by noting that Campinos lacks experience with patents, just like Iris Depoulain lacks experience with patents (but she will represent her country in the EPO this month; EPO deals exclusively with patents). Although the nation of Luxembourg has a very small portion of the total population of Europe (only about 1 in 1,000 Europeans lives in Luxembourg) it has the same voting power as Germany with about 15% (~150 in 1,000 Europeans) of the EU population. “They try to purchase for themselves a veneer of “ethics” whilst actively attacking the law, crushing staff, and harming the interests of ordinary (vulnerable) Europeans for the benefit of the powerful few.”The video was unfortunately interrupted by an unexpected but important phone call, but it was already (nearly) over anyway, so I stopped it prematurely if not somewhat abruptly. When you do it all in one take, unscripted and unedited, that’s a risk you take (the video being a tad rough at the edges). Tomorrow we shall look at my home country, the UK, and British enablers of the Battistelli regime. It’s never “too late” to name culprits, especially those who are still out there, dodging accountability after playing a role in authorising human rights abuses. “What sane person would genuinely wish to be associated with those sociopaths who still run the EPO? “We might as well note that the EPO regime has just found the courage or had the audacity to post this_fluff (warning: epo.org link) late on a Friday (i.e. the usual), exploiting for cheap PR stunts disabled people while they’re causing disability in their own staff, e.g. upper limb_disorder_(ULD). They post this with their charade of “Diversity & Inclusion @ EPO” where neither diversity nor inclusion has been a real thing. In prior months they did pinkwashing_several_times. They try to purchase for themselves a veneer of “ethics” whilst actively attacking the law, crushing staff, and harming the interests of ordinary (vulnerable) Europeans for the benefit of the powerful few. “Equality” @ EPO means that they’re attacking women and men equally, or crush the human rights of gays or blacks as much as the crush everybody else’s rights. Is that ethics? Moral relativism with PR stunts might fool the shallow-minded, i.e. not well-educated patent examiners. They view this entire thing as a shallow PR charade that merely costs the Office a lot of money and helps silence the media. While disability is a very seriously matter, we’ve already seen the EPO flirting with sick_humour_about_it (‘euthanising’ the disabled without consent). What sane person would genuinely wish to be associated with those sociopaths who still run the EPO? █ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Iris Depoulain decorated with logos of EPO and EUIPO⦈ Iris Depoulain decorated with logos of EPO and EUIPO 2_years_ago, stating that “[m]any actors are involved in IP [sic] protection [sic] in Luxembourg” ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣤⣦⣰⣶⣷⣷⣮⣿⣯⣶⣶⣾⣶⣄⣶⣤⣠⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣿⠛⠉⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⠁⠀⠈⣿⣿⡯⠉⠻⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⣿⣧⠀⠀⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⢀⣿⡿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⣿⠇⢀⠛⣿⣿⡃⡀⢻⣿⣿⡗⣀⢘⣿⣿⠃⠀⢺⡿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⠚⡬⡿⣿⠇⣡⡺⢿⡿⢂⣇⠸⣿⡿⣸⠑⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠟⣃⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣘⠻⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⡰⠋⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠑⢆⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⠂⢰⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠐⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⡆⠑⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⡀⡸⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣀⣠⣤⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⣤⣀⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢇⢠⠃⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⠎⠀⠀⠉⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠉⠀⠀⠱⠀⠀ ⠀⣼⡆⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⢰⣧⠀ ⠈⠛⠁⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠈⠛⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀ ⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀ ⠀⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠈⠛⠿⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠿⠿⠿⠛⠁⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠹⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠟⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠛⠻⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⢶⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣧⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠆⢀⣸⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣶⡀⢰⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⡟⢀⣿⣿⠿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣄⠛⠿⣧⡄⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⠁⣾⠏⠉⣀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣶⣀⠹⠇⠉⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⣤⣿⡇⠀⣀⣼⣿⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⣧⣤⣀⢿⣿⡄⠛⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⣿⣿⣇⣶⣿⡿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠉⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡈⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣸⣿⠇⠀⣷⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠛⣿⡿⠟⣃⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡘⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⢃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⣄⠛⠿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡄⣤⠋⢡⣴⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢻⣶⣤⠙⠀⣶⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⣸⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣧⡀⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢠⠀⢻⣿⡇⣶⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡌⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⣿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⡆⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⠟⢃⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡀⠸⢿⣿⡟⠃⣤⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣶⠀⢸⣿⠛⢠⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⣷⡆⠈⣿⠃⢠⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣿⣇⠈⠉⠀⣾⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢁⡀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⡈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣆⠉⢰⣾⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⡆⠀⣶⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣥⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⠀⣼⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠿⣿⣿⡆⣿⡿⠇⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠁⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⢹⣿⣶⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢠⠀⠛⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⣼⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠋⠀⣦⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢸⣶⡀⠈⢿⣿⠇⢀⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⡆⠀⣿⠿⠁⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠛⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣷⣀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⠀⢸⣿⡇⢀⣰⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⣿⣧⡜⣿⣿⡀⠸⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⠀⢸⣿⣣⣼⣿⠿⢃⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢆⠈⠉⢿⣷⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣇⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠉⢀⣸⣿⣿⠿⠉⠀⡾⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣤⡀⠘⠛⠿⣇⡀⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠀⡸⠟⠛⣀⣠⣼⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣷⣶⣆⣀⠉⠁⠉⣿⣿⡀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⡶⠀⣿⣿⠏⠀⢁⣀⣶⣿⣿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡸⢿⣿⡀⢻⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣿⡟⠃⣿⣿⣇⣤⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠈⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠹⠉⠙⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠄⠀⠀⠂⠀⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠠⠄⠐⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠠⠤⠐⠒⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡠⠤⠐⠒⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠤⠔⠒⠊⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 697 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2021/10/09/meme-lex-kaufhold/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2021/10/09/meme-lex-kaufhold/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_It’s_No_Rosa_Luxemburg⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 3:50 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Related: EPO_Abuses_Come_Under_Fire_From_Politicians_in_Luxembourg | Luxembourg Can_Become_a_Hub_of_Patent_Trolls_If_the_EPO_Carries_on_With_Its_‘Reforms’, Even_Without_the_UPC 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇“The_most_revolutionary_thing_one_can_do_is_always_to proclaim_loudly_what_is_happening.”__-Rosa_Luxemburg⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Luxembourg's_Lex_Kaufhold⦈_ Summary: As we shall see tonight, Luxembourg’s Lex Kaufhold was among the enablers of Benoît_Battistelli and the EPO‘s liberticidal new mission, neglecting EPO workers from Luxembourg as if their rights don’t matter “Without general elections, without unrestricted freedom of press and assembly, without a free struggle of opinion, life dies out in every public institution, becomes a mere semblance of life, in which only the bureaucracy remains as the active element.” –Rosa Luxemburg ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣛⣤⣾⢏⣨⡽⢯⡉⣼⣒⠭⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡹⢿⣩⡽⢟⣩⢹⠙⠝⠭⢙⡭⠝⠽⢫⠽⢍⢭⡙⣫⣏⠽⣛⣋⢙⣛⣉⣏⡛⣻⣍⣽⠹⣥⣤⢭⡭⢩⣍⡽⣍⣿⢱⢰⣶⡔⡖⣦⢶⣶⢸⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡻⠿⣇⣼⠱⠰⣲⡖⢾⣸⡟⣟⣓⢸⣷⣿⣿⡏⣧⢿⣟⢝⣯⢄⣿⢼⣻⡧⣸⣿⡇⣧⣿⣿⡄⣿⣿⠸⣷⢸⡿⣇⣿⣿⢿⢸⡿⡇⣯⣷⣸⡇⢺⢸⣻⠿⡿⢿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡⠞⢹⣡⣽⣥⣽⡇⢸⣿⠇⠿⢔⡸⢿⣿⣟⣧⣟⣻⣞⣤⣛⣼⣝⣚⣿⣿⣯⣿⡷⢽⣯⠬⡭⠭⡭⣤⣉⢊⡣⣏⢕⡱⣒⣖⡰⣀⣠⢰⣭⡒⢫⣤⢬⣬⡝⣆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣛⣀⣹⣾⡟⣿⢯⣻⣝⡭⣝⡿⣽⣯⢻⣽⡟⣿⣿⢻⣶⡏⣶⣎⣷⣴⣼⢸⣿⡆⣯⣷⣿⣿⠺⣽⣿⢺⣿⣼⡇⣹⣼⣧⡟⣿⣿⠼⡟⢜⣷⡔⡇⣿⢸⡏⡇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⣿⣼⡿⡇⣿⢸⢿⡿⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⢸⣻⡇⣿⣹⣼⣷⡆⣿⣿⢿⢻⠿⠸⠿⢇⡿⢿⣿⣿⣸⣾⣻⣼⣟⣋⠓⠚⣛⣝⣣⣿⣿⣦⣧⠮⠏⠱⠴⠭⠒⣍⣅⢇⡫⣘⡉⡝⣋⡉⣿ ⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⠻⡭⢭⡽⡩⡏⣟⢃⣧⠛⣽⠧⣧⠭⢮⡮⠵⡯⣿⢿⢾⣷⣟⣳⢖⣒⡚⣛⣒⢿⡀⣄⣤⠀⡄⣤⢩⣭⡭⣏⣿⣯⣿⡿⣽⣷⢱⣲⢶⢰⣷⡇⣿⣷⢿⣹⣾⣿⡿⣯⣸⣧⡇⣿⢹⣿⣿⡧⣿⠖⠍⣖⣛ ⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣦⣱⣶⡖⣖⣶⣾⢻⣴⡏⠷⣿⠀⡟⡇⣿⢸⢧⣿⣾⢸⣷⣿⢿⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⡇⢹⡇⠀⣿⡿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⢿⣹⡇⣿⣿⢰⣽⡏⣹⡟⡇⠿⠿⠸⣷⣾⢇⣄⣿⣾⣟⣿⣟⣘⣜⣣⣓⣛⣚⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣇⣯⣿⡻⣼⣟⠧⢟⠿⢶⣟⣿⣿⣸⣾⣹⣿⣜⣓⣝⣻⣬⡟⠃⠛⠋⠈⠉⠈⠁⠀⠉⣡⣽⣾⣷⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣮⣿⣧⣇⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠙⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⠻⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⠘⣽⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣩⠓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⠧⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢈⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢴⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⢶⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⡇⣿⣷⣿⢹⣷⣿⢸⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⢾⣿⣿⣸⣿⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠛⠛⠈⠛⠋⠘⠃⠛⢛⡻⡟⢛⠘⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⡣⠀⠀⠀⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠹⡏⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠻⢿⣷⡪⣺⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⣯⣿⡿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣃⣻⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢣⣖⣻⣼⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⠛⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡭⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⣦⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⢀⣀⣠⠴⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣷ ⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠁⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⢻⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣯⣟⢾⣿⣿⡣⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⠋ ⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⠟⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣞⣭⣯⣯⣿⣢⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⣰⣠⣴⢧⡇⡇⡇⡄⡇⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⣤⣀⣀⢀⡀⢀⡛⣛⢛⣛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣩⣭⣭⣇⣹⣿⣿⣏⣳⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣧⠧⠧⣤⠀⣸⡏⣸⡿⢤⣿⡟⡄⣾⣿⠋⣾⣿⢱⡿⣾⢳⣟⢳⣿⣾⢣⣞⣷⣰⡖⣰⣶⣦⢰⣄⠂⣤⠀⣠⣀⠲⣶⣶⣶⡶⢂⣀⡐⠒⣂⣀⠒⠒⣒⠲⢶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣉⡙⠿⢋⣥⣌⠙⠛⠻⠡⣶⣶⡄⢆⡛⠓⠿⠷⠿⠹⠇⡸⠟⠿⢼⢷⡿⢿⣿⢏⣿⠉⣿⣻⡏⣿⣹⢏⣿⣁⣿⣽⠇⠽⠿⠨⢿⡧⢹⡿⢀⣿⢡⣴⠆⢘⡛⠿⠸⠻⠿⠃⠻⠿⠷⠸⠛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⣠⡄⢹⣿⠄⠻⠟⣠⡌⣭⣥⠒⣿⠷⢐⣦⡄⠶⠂⣀⠹⠇⠙⢁⣤⠂⣽⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⢨⣤⡭⠁⠊⠉⠉⠭⠭⡄⠒⡒⠲⠆⠰⣤⡴⢋⣤⣤⣤⡘⠿⠇⠲⢿⣧⠐⣾⠗⢂⣈⠀⣿ ⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡈⢡⣼⠃⣴⣶⡆⢹⣧⣍⣉⣴⠶⠒⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⡐⢒⠄⢹⡈⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⣷⠽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢸⡏⢰⠞⣉⡁⠀⠲⣷⠟⢠⣿⣷⠀⣤⣤⣤⡈⢻⡿⠟⢃⣴⣾⣷⡄⢉⣰⠁⣶⣏⢍⠆⢠ ⣦⡈⢻⣿⡟⢁⠰⠒⢄⠀⠛⠛⠁⠘⠛⠛⠻⠁⡤⡙⣟⣦⠈⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠒⠞⠀⢁⣤⣬⡟⢿⣷⡄⠀⢠⣾⣿⣿⠇⠘⠃⠀⣀⢽⣿⠀⠂⠀⠀⠉⠉⠠⠀⢿⣿⠿⠃⠤⠴⠆⠈⠻⠟⠛⢁⡾⠿⠀⠻⠿⠿⠃⠘ ⠟⢁⣼⣿⣷⠈⠴⣬⣾⡇⢸⠁⠰⢾⠟⡃⣆⠀⠘⠷⠶⠿⢁⣿⣿⠉⢱⠭⣿⡆⠐⣪⡱⣹⠠⢆⡂⣭⣤⣌⠙⠏⠁⠀⢀⣀⡀⠈⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠴⠶⣶⡄⠀⠠⠥⣰⣒⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢆ ⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣴⣿⡀⠁⣾⣶⣴⡿⠀⣿⣶⣤⣶⣿⡿⠿⠦⠉⠙⢉⣠⣤⣉⣉⢁⣈⠛⠛⠛⠛⢃⣸⣿⠇⠠⠠⠌⣷⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⢶⣵⣿⡿⠀⠛⠋⠙⠻⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⡀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡈⠁⢉⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁⣠⣴⣶⣦⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠘⠟⠛⠋⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⣉⣀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣷⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢠⡆⡿⣋⢻⣿⣧⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠐⣾⣷⣭⣾⡿⠋⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⣠⢶⣾⠷⣦⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣈⠉⢉⣁⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠄⠈⠉⠉⣁⣠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣇⠂⣠⣂⣼⣿⡀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢁⣤⣴⣦⣄⡈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠏⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢀⢰⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⣀⣉⣁⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢀⣬⣼⣇⠺⢂⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢹⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠈⣿⠋⢀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢁ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠃⢸⡇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡄⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⢠⡦ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣈⠉⠙⠛⠋⢁⣀⣤⣶⣿⠀⣬⡍⣿⢋⣭⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣶⣶ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 788 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_9/10/2021:_KDE_Frameworks_5.87,_Debian_GNU/Linux_11.1_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 9:14 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Debian_GNU/Linux_11.1_“Bullseye”_Released_with_24_Security Updates_and_75_Bug_Fixes⠀⇛ Debian GNU/Linux 11.1 is here about two months after the release of Debian GNU/Linux 11 “Bullseye” as an up to date installation and live medium that includues all the latest security updates and bug fixes pushed through the stable software repositories during this time. Debian GNU/Linux 11.1 comes with a total of 99 updated packages, split into 75 miscellaneous bug fixes and 24 security updates. This makes it easier to deploy the latest Debian GNU/Linux 11 “Bullseye” operating system on new machines as you don’t have to download hundreds of updates after the installation. # ⚓ Kubernetes_Blog:_Introducing_ClusterClass_and_Managed Topologies_in_Cluster_API⠀⇛ Before getting into the details, let’s take a step back and look at the history of Cluster API. The Cluster API project started three years ago, and the first releases focused on extensibility and implementing a declarative API that allows a seamless experience across infrastructure providers. This was a success with many cloud providers: AWS, Azure, Digital Ocean, GCP, Metal3, vSphere and still counting. With extensibility addressed, the focus shifted to features, like automatic control plane and etcd management, health-based machine remediation, machine rollout strategies and more. Fast forwarding to 2021, with lots of companies using Cluster API to manage fleets of Kubernetes clusters running workloads in production, the community focused its effort on stabilization of both code, APIs, documentation, and on extensive test signals which inform Kubernetes releases. With solid foundations in place, and a vibrant and welcoming community that still continues to grow, it was time to plan another iteration on our UX for both new and advanced users. Enter ClusterClass and Managed Topologies, tada! [...] We want to make managed topologies even more powerful and flexible, allowing users to dynamically change bits of a ClusterClass according to the specific needs of a Cluster; this will ensure the same simple and intuitive UX for solving complex problems like e.g. selecting machine image for a specific Kubernetes version and for a specific region of your infrastructure provider, or injecting proxy configurations in the entire Cluster, and so on. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video_Editing_with_Linux:_Tips_and_Tricks_to_Manage Kdenlive’s_Settings,_Files_and_More.⠀⇛ Next in our video editing series for the Librem 14, Gardiner Bryant digs into projects files, settings, and keybindings for Kdenlive, an open source video editing solution. This video will help those that use Kdenlive work more efficiently. We hope you find this series useful and informative, and we hope to do similar projects like this in the future, so if you have ideas for topics you’d like us to cover, please let us know! # ⚓ 【Linux_From_Scratch】I’m_Now_A_Distro_Maintainer_– Invidious⠀⇛ I’ve promised a Linux From Scratch series for a very long time and I’ve kept putting it off but we’re finally here and I’m finally ready to hate my life. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ Apple’s_M1-Powered_Macs_Will_Soon_Finally_Run_Linux Natively_But_There’s_A_Catch⠀⇛ For those unfamiliar, Asahi Linux is a project to port Linux to the Apple M1 platform. Asahi ringo is the name of the familiar McIntosh variety of apple in Japan, so naturally it follows that Linux for the Apple Macintosh is called Asahi Linux. The project is headed up by Hector Martin (also known as marcan42), most famous for his incredible achievements while reverse-engineering game console hardware, such as the Nintendo Wii and Sony’s PlayStation 3 and 4. # ⚓ powerapplet-tray_fixed_for_recent_kernels⠀⇛ I received an email from R Melville, that the tray battery monitor isn’t working in EasyOS 3.0, but is working with the Buster-series. I looked at the source code, and found that it relies on a deprecated feature in the kernel, that has been removed in the kernel. Don’t know what kernel version it happened, but CONFIG_ACPI_PROCFS_POWER is removed. This configure option causes the appearance of / proc/acpi/battery, but that folder is no longer there. The battery status, on my laptop, is now at /sys/class/power_supply/BAT1 And just to make life more complicated, it seems that in earlier kernels it was /sys/class/ power_supply/BAT0, but the kernel developers decided to rename it to BAT1. Don’t know what kernel version that started either. # ⚓ Improving_test_coverage_for_cameras_in_KernelCI⠀⇛ Earlier this year, I joined Collabora as an intern to work on improving testing in libcamera and automating it through KernelCI. Having recently completed the internship, here’s a look back at this experience and what was accomplished. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_8_best_opensource_collaboration_software⠀⇛ Teams and organizations are constantly searching for ways to increase workplace productivity through collaboration. However, finding the best collaboration software suite to meet your teams’ needs can be a daunting task. There are several good recommendations for proprietary software, but you can also find several good open-source alternatives that give you enterprise-level functionality. Collaborating on tasks within your business can enhance the skills of team members through sharing of ideas and help your organization improve productivity and efficiency within project workflows. On the other hand, a lack of collaboration might lead to miscommunication, conflicts, and delays in your project completion that negatively impacts. The article will highlight some of our picks for open source tools to help you manage tasks, files and communicate effectively to be more productive through collaboration. # ⚓ 8_Best_Open_Source_Library_Management_Software_in_2021⠀⇛ Library management software is a tool to manage the in-house functioning of a library. It helps to manage, handle, and maintain countless books in the library. Library management software allows you to find books quickly, issue and reissue them instantly, and efficiently manage all the data. In this article, we will give you a brief on the best open source library management software in 2021. # ⚓ Kodi_19.2_Improves_Xbox_Support_and_Support_for_Devices Running_Old_Android_Versions⠀⇛ Kodi 19.2 is here five months after Kodi 19.1, which introduced initial support of the Kodi 19 “Matrix” series for the Xbox gaming console, added better support for SMB shares, improved reliability for HTTP and NFS network filesystems, enabled file caching by default for network filesystems, and fixed playback of optical DVDs in Linux. The big news in Kodi 19.2 is that Xbox support has been greatly improved. For example, it improves the performance of the HEVC DXVA2 decoder using 128 byte aligned decoder surfaces, improves support for 10-bit swap chain surfaces used for HDR-capable TVs, and improves swap chain performance when using the DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_DISCARD variable. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Hello_IPv6:_a_minimal_tutorial_for_IPv4_users⠀⇛ In this post, I explain how the well-known IPv4 concepts work in IPv6. This post is aimed for home and small office networks. So if you know about ARP, DHCP, and NAT, and if you wonder how these work in IPv6 networks, this post is perfect for you. If you already know about IPv6 addresses, NDP, RA, PD, SLAAC, and DHCPv6, there is nothing new here. # ⚓ [Fixed]_error:_snap_“package”_not_found⠀⇛ Snap has grown in popularity among Linux users. Instead of using system packages, snap containerizes their dependencies. Each snap app is unaffected by whether or not a certain package is present on the system. Snap applications are simple to design and distribute for a variety of Linux distributions. Because snap programs package their dependencies in a bundle, they may be installed on any Linux distribution that supports snaps. Snap applications are an excellent way for novice Linux users to get past the learning curve. Snaps, like any other package manager, has simple commands for installing, removing, and updating snap packages. Make sure your distribution has snap installed and configured before installing a snap application. If not, use your distribution’s package manager to install snapd. # ⚓ How_to_install_Blockbench_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Blockbench on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ How_To_Set_Up_Nginx_as_a_Reverse_Proxy_for_Apache_on_Debian 11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy for Apache on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Nginx and Apache both are free, open-source, and most popular web servers around the world. Apache is known for its power while Nginx is known for its speed. Both have some pros and cons. Nginx will be used as a frontend web server that will handle client requests and send them to Apache, which will be our backend web server, and return the requested response. This procedure allows obtaining various benefits from performance to safety. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of the Nginx as a reverse proxy for Apache on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ Install_ImageMagick_or_its_php_module_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS Server⠀⇛ The commands given here to install ImageMagick or PHP Imagick are applicable for both Ubuntu 18.0 LTS Bionic and Ubuntu 204.04 LTS Focal Fossa. ImageMagick is a free, open-source software package for creating and editing raster graphics. It can currently read, modify and write more than 200 of the most popular image formats. In addition, images can be generated dynamically, which is why it is also used by web applications. it is also available as a PHP module to integrate the functionally of ImageMagick for PHP-based applications or CMS such as WordPress. Well, if you are looking for an ImageMagick alternative the there is a program graphicsmagick, a spin-off of it, and can also be installed on Ubuntu via the default package manager. # ⚓ Crash_bash,_in_case_you_ever_want_to_for_whatever_reason⠀⇛ # ⚓ Create_Virtual/Secondary_IP_addresses_on_an_Interface_in Linux_–_kifarunix.com⠀⇛ Follow through this tutorial to learn how to create virtual/secondary IP addresses on an interface in Linux. This enables you to assign multiple IP addresses to a single interface. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Early_Access_CRPG_Black_Geyser_Adds_Mac_And_Linux_Support_| MMORPG.com⠀⇛ CRPG Black Geyser: Couriers of Darkness has been in early access for about six weeks now, and in that time the studio has pushed around 12 major updates centered around community feedback. Today’s addition of Mac and Linux support is one such update, fulfilling a long community request. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Itinerary_@_ITS_City_Hack_Hamburg_2021⠀⇛ After almost 19 month I finally got to attend a non-virtual event for KDE again, the ITS City Hack Hamburg 2021 last weekend. This has been a good opportunity for exchange and connecting with the Open Transport community, people and organizations we are collaborating with to make applications like KDE Itinerary or KTrip possible. OpenTripPlanner and KPublicTransport Meeting some of the people working on OpenTripPlanner (OTP) and operating instances of that has been particularly useful for KPublicTransport, our client library for realtime public transport data queries. One issue we had been struggling with is automatically selecting the right instance for a given location. This has been complicated by some installations reporting bizarre bounding polygons. This is typically caused by a few issues in the data consumed by OTP. I got shown diagnostic tools and new API to identify those problems, which allows better bug reports to upstream, fixing OSM input data ourselves, and applying outlier filters we already have in the library anyway. # ⚓ Best_Linux_Distributions_Based_on_KDE⠀⇛ KDE is one of the most customizable and fastest desktop environments out there. While you can always install KDE if you know-how, it is best to choose a Linux distribution that comes with KDE out-of-the-box. Here, let me list some of the best KDE-based Linux distros. In addition to this list, several other Linux distributions feature KDE desktop as their preferred choice. Nitrux OS should be a unique pick overall, and if you want to move away from Ubuntu- based distributions, there are solid arch- based distros like Garuda Linux and Manjaro to try. What is your favorite KDE-based Linux distribution? Do you focus on out-of-the-box customization or prefer to customize the KDE experience yourself? # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_Continuous_integraaaaaaation⠀⇛ At long last, KDE software is now covered by a GitLab-based continuous integration system, replacing the old Jenkins-based system used until now. The new one is much better and runs automatically on every merge request, making it much less likely that faulty code that fails to compile or regresses unit tests will be committed. The system is still its infancy and has not yet reached its full potential, but already it is helping us to save time and improve the quality of KDE software. Big thanks to KDE’s sysadmins for rolling out this system! Keep in mind that this blog only covers the tip of the iceberg! Tons of KDE apps whose development I don’t have time to follow aren’t represented here, and I also don’t mention backend refactoring, improved test coverage, and other changes that are generally not user-facing. If you’re hungry for more, check out https://planet.kde.org/, where you can find blog posts by other KDE contributors detailing the work they’re doing. # ⚓ KDE_Frameworks_5.87_Makes_Plasma_Discover_Faster, Improves_Support_for_Kirigami_Apps⠀⇛ KDE Frameworks 5.87 is here to make the Plasma Discover graphical package manager faster when checking for updates and when loading the initial content from any of the Add-Ons categories, fix a crash in the Dolphin file manager, Plasma desktop and other KDE apps when undoing a file copy, and to adds icons in the Breeze icon theme for different types of Godot Engine files. Furthermore, KDE Frameworks 5.87 greatly improves support for Kirigami-based apps by making the header text in their toolbars smaller to better match the scale of everything around it, add correct spacing between items in narrow and mobile-style form layouts within groups, add support for navigating between sidebar list items using the arrow and Enter keys, as well as to hide some textual headers. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ Catchup_2021-10-08⠀⇛ The loongson hardware platform has been retired. The upcoming OpenBSD 7.0 will be the last release to support this platform. # § PCLinuxOS/Mageia/Mandriva/OpenMandriva Family⠀➾ # ⚓ OnlyOffice_DesktopEditors_»_PCLinuxOS⠀⇛ OnlyOffice DesktopEditors has been updated to 6.3.1. OnlyOffice DesktopEditors is a free office suite that combines text, spreadsheet and presentation editors allowing to create, view and edit documents stored on your Linux PC. It is fully compatible with Office Open XML formats: .docx, .xlsx, .pptx. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Flatpak_1.12_improves_Steam_support_and_fixes_a serious_vulnerability⠀⇛ Flatpak 1.12 has recently appeared , the latest version of the software deployment utility responsible for managing the package format of the same name and offering a framework that allows applications to work universally, without initially depending on the distribution used. beyond Flatpak’s own usefulness. Flatpak 1.12 brings a couple of important changes . The first is support for better control of sub-sandboxes. This feature was already being used by the Flatpak version of the Steam client , so the developers of the package format and its corresponding utility have decided to enhance it in order to make it easier to handle. The second most important change is the correction of a vulnerability in which Flatpak applications with direct access to AF_UNIX sockets, which are used by Wayland, PipeWire, and pipewire-pulse (allowing PipeWire to be compatible with the software it uses PulseAudio), ” can trick portals and other host operating system services into treating the Flatpak application as if it were an ordinary non-sandboxed host system process . “ # ⚓ VodafoneZiggo_Calls_on_Red_Hat_to_Help_Power_5G_and IT_Application_Innovation⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced that it has been selected by VodafoneZiggo to provide a hybrid cloud platform based on Red Hat OpenShift, the industry’s leading enterprise Kubernetes platform. The platform will be designed to unify application infrastructure for VodafoneZiggo’s network and IT architectures, including its new standalone 5G core, targeting increased productivity and faster time to market. [...] VodafoneZiggo already had a common platform in place for its 4G mobile core and several business applications, built on Red Hat OpenStack Platform. The company chose to continue this horizontal platform approach by selecting Red Hat OpenShift as its foundation for cloud-native applications across both the network and the business, with 5G Core as its first deployment. After a successful proof of concept, VodafoneZiggo enlisted Red Hat Consulting to support the production roll out of Red Hat OpenShift and to provide guidance for embracing agile development models like DevSecOps as well as moving to a more open, collaborative culture. This new environment can deliver benefits for people and processes, such as greater team cohesion, cross-functional observability of platform and workloads, proactive resolution of operational issues and reduced downtime. The end goal is to deliver a better user experience for customers and partners. # ⚓ Bharti_Airtel_CTO:_‘5G_Is_a_Tough_Use_Case’ [Ed: "Open5G" is openwashing of patent traps]⠀⇛ Mobile network operators must view the shift to hybrid cloud and automation amid 5G deployments as a journey that won’t return benefits quickly, Bharti Airtel CTO Randeep Sekhon said at Red Hat’s Open5G event. [...] The global operator, which has service in 18 countries and the second largest mobile network in India, worked with Red Hat to build a hybrid cloud architecture that allows it to simplify operations and “drop in capacities and capabilities on the go,” he said. Hybrid cloud also equips Bharti Airtel with the resources to overcome challenges resulting from global supply chain shortages by automating network management as it works through plans to deploy 5G services, according to Sekhon. # ⚓ How_disagreement_creates_unity_in_open_source [Ed: Incredible that IBM published such an article about viciously_defaming_and_attacking_RMS, who founded the whole movement]⠀⇛ It’s early 2020, I’m less than a year into my new people management role, and I’m already feeling like a trouble maker. I just finished reviewing a team proposal, and I have concerns about it. My heart races, and my muscles tighten. I don’t want to be difficult by challenging ideas as the new person on the team. My fear says to be quiet, but my intuition tells me to speak up. I decide that I owe it to my team to follow my intuition, so I swallow my anxiety and work up the courage to talk with my manager. I get a few sentences in, explaining my concerns, and he smiles and says, “It’s okay to disagree.” This was a pivotal moment. My manager’s openness dissolved my doubts about sharing conflicting ideas and started me on a new path of discovering the value of disagreement. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Iono_RP_–_An_industrial_PLC_with_a_Raspberry_Pi_RP2040_MCU –_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Raspberry Pi RP2040 MCU has been used in many boards, but I think I had seen the dual-core MCU in a PLC, or even any industrial products just yet. Sfera Labs Iono RP is a compact I/O module (PLC) with a Raspberry Pi RP2040 microcontroller that’s programmable in C/C++ and MicroPython, or even the Arduino IDE. The DIN-Rail mountable, RP2040 based industrial PLC offers digital and analog input and output lines, power relays, and an RS-485 interface, supports power input from 12V-24V with all signals accessible through terminal blocks. Sfera Labs can also provide some optional options such as an RTC or an earthquake sensor module. # ⚓ Minitel_Terminal_Becomes_Mini_Laptop⠀⇛ In 1980, France took a step into the future when the telecom companies introduced the Minitel system — a precursor to the Web where users could shop, buy train tickets, check stocks, and send and receive electronic mail through a small terminal. Minitel still had 10 million monthly connections in 2009, but the service was discontinued in 2012. # ⚓ GPU-less_NXP_i.MX_8XLite_Cortex-A35/M4_SoC_is_aimed_at_IIoT &_V2X_applications_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ Software support includes a Linux BSP, firmware the V2X accelerator, and AUTOSAR MCAL. There will also be an i.MX 8XLite evaluation kit that will come with board design files and a hardware design guide. Public information is limited at this time, with NXP i.MX 8XLite processor still in “preproduction”. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Chhavi_–_An_ESP32-based_fingerprint_sensor_with optional_NFC,_battery_(Crowdfunding)_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ The Arduino programmable fingerprint sensor is equipped with Fingerprints‘ FPC BM-Lite fingerprint capacitive biometric sensor that’s much more compact and power-efficient than traditional optical fingerprint sensors. # ⚓ Blues_Wireless_Swan_board_adds_castellated_holes_to Adafruit_Feather_form_factor_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ We’ve often written about Adafruit Feather- compatible boards in the past, but Blues Wireless Swan board is a little different, as the STM32L4-based board comes with castellated holes instead of just through holes which allows the board to expose up to 55 GPIOs, or 36 more pins than a traditional feather-compatible board. The company also introduced the “Feather Starter Kit for Swan” that enables the board to work with the company’s Notecard LTE Cat- M/NB-IoT M.2 modem that ships with 10-year (up to 500MB) of IoT connectivity, as well as GPS/GNSS connectivity. # ⚓ 3D_Printed_Preschooler_Proof_MP3_Player_Takes_A_Beat- ing⠀⇛ Prototyping new ideas can be a lot of fun, but putting new projects in a durable enclosure can be a difficulty. This is especially the case when the user of this product is one of the most destructive forces in nature: A toddler! This is the circumstance that [blue blade] found himself in when he wanted to build a durable MP3 player for his grandson, and you can see the results of his work below the break. The hardware is simple: A 16850 lithium-ion battery powers an MP3 Decoder/Amplifier module that plays MP3s stored on a Micro SD card. A speaker, power switch, and micro USB powered battery charger complete the build. What stands out most is the enclosure. Why? When children are involved, durability isn’t a matter of product lifetime, it’s also a matter of safety. Items that are easily broken aren’t just useless, they can be dangerous. With this in mind, [blue blade] built a brightly colored enclosure with extra thick walls joined by metal bolts. Externally, a rounded cover bolts over the charger connector and Micro SD card slot. The only other protrusion is a lighted rocker switch for powering the MP3 player on and off. # ⚓ Nifty_Chip_Adapter_Does_The_Impossible_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ The semiconductor shortage has curtailed the choices available to designers and caused some inventive solutions to be found, but the one used by [djzc] is probably the most inventive we’ve yet seen. The footprint trap, when a board is designed for one footprint but shortages mean the part is only available in another, has caught out many an engineer this year. In this case an FTDI chip had been designed with a PCB footprint for a QFN package when the only chip to be found was a QFP from a breakout board. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Chromium⠀➾ # ⚓ Google_Reader_is_still_defunct,_but_now_you_can ‘follow’_RSS_feeds_in_Chrome_on_Android⠀⇛ You can follow a site through the browser’s three-dot menu to subscribe to its RSS feed and have it update in your Chrome app. Sites you’re following will appear in a tab called “following,” which sits along Google’s “for you” tab of recommended articles. The feature isn’t out yet on iOS, so I’m not able to check it out on my phone, but Felt shared some screenshots of what it looks like on Android so you can get an idea. # § FSF⠀➾ # § Licensing/Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ Learn_about_Free_Software_in_the_Legal_Context with_FSFE’s_Legal_Education_Day [Ed: FSFE has the audacity to profit from the 4 freedoms whose pioneer it has been slandering]⠀⇛ The FSFE is organizing a Legal Education Day on Saturday, 6 November 2021. This online event is open for all to attend. It will include talks and Q&A sessions on the basics of copyright law, licenses, and other legal topics. The event will help Free Software developers to understand these legal topics so that their software projects can reach their full potential. We all love the four freedoms that Free Software grants to users and developers, and how they benefit the individual user as well as digital society as a whole. In order to ensure these freedoms, users of Free Software rely on legal instruments and the legal system to be able to enforce them when other try to take them away from us. # ⚓ Virtual_Workshop_Tuesday:_EFF’s_Mitch_Stoltz Will_Discuss_Free_Software_Movement_On_Panel Examining_Ethics_and_Open_Source_Software Licensing⠀⇛ # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Youth_Hacking_4_Freedom_–_from_the_Free_Software Foundation_Europe⠀⇛ And there’s more: Thorsten Behrens from The Document Foundation’s Board of Directors is on the jury. So, if you fill the requirements listed above and want to get hacking on a project, join in! # ⚓ Dirk_Eddelbuettel:_corels_0.0.3_on_CRAN:_Update⠀⇛ An updated version of the corels package is now on CRAN! The change is chiefly an updated configure.ac (just like RcppGSL yesterday, RQuantLib two days ago, and littler three days ago. # ⚓ Excellent_Free_Tutorials_to_Learn_OpenMP_– LinuxLinks⠀⇛ OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) is an open standard API for Shared Memory parallelization in C, C++ and Fortran which consist of three primary API components: compiler directives, runtime routines and environment variables. An OpenMP-parallelised application starts as a serial application that runs on a single compute core. When instructed by the programmer, the application spawns a number of threads, which can run concurrently on separate cores. Thus, work can be distributed to leverage more resources. Here’s our recommended OpenMP tutorials. # ⚓ Open_source_developers_are_unique:_Tips_for_working with_and_managing_community-centric_dev_teams [iophk: the TechRepublic link is about IBM, so maybe it should not be included]⠀⇛ Is there anything unique about working with, managing or being an open source developer. On a recent episode of Dynamic Developer, I spoke with Todd Moore, vice president for open technology and developer advocacy, at IBM about these topics as well what he looks for when hiring open source developers, the right way for companies to turn their open source projects into open standards and some of the coolest open technology initiatives IBM is working on. Todd has a long history in software and hardware development and is a leader in the open source world. He and his team of developers have worked with leading open source communities like the Apache Software Foundation, Linux Foundation, Eclipse and OpenStack. The following is a transcript of the interview, edited for readability. You can listen to the podcast player embedded in this article, watch a video above or read a transcript of the interview below. # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl_Weekly_Challenge_133:_Integer_Square_Roots and_Smith_Numbers⠀⇛ These are some answers for Week 133 of the Perl Weekly Challenge organized by Mohammad S. Anwar. Spoiler Alert: This weekly challenge deadline is due in a few days from now (on October 10, 2021 at 23:59). This blog post offers some solutions to this challenge, please don’t read on if you intend to complete the challenge on your own. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ Python_Provides_Classic_Basic_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ Back in the late 1970s and early 1980s when you turned on a PC, more often than not, you’d get a Basic prompt. Most people would then load a game from a tape, but if you were inclined to program you could just start writing. [Richpl] wanted that same experience and thus PyBasic was born. # ⚓ Solution_another_YandexQ_question_via_sieve_of eratosthenes_in_Python⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The_Privatization_of_“Jihad”⠀⇛ This atomization is the result, if not the intention, of capitalism’s latest phase—neoliberalism. As the reader most likely knows, the main features of neoliberalism involve the destruction of the social element of human civilization. Services provided by the state are either privatized or just terminated. The process begins with services provided to the poor. From there, other services follow. Universities once generously subsidized by the state find their budgets reduced, causing them to raise tuition, hire part-time instructors, and farm out their research resources to the very industries benefiting from the end of state-funded education. Roads and other infrastructure are left to disintegrate while private developments and their financiers build private roads while state governments push through more and more tolls on existing and new construction. The wealthiest few pay little or no taxes to the state, which now serves them to a degree never before seen in recorded history. Indeed, the system for which Wall Street is a synonym is now the state in the USA, if not the world. Traditional forms of resistance seem increasingly futile; antiwar movements mutate into support for one of the war parties while social democrats and democratic socialists in power lead the rush to transform the government into another set of privatized entities funneling the public money to the bank accounts of that wealthy few. This is the foundation of author Suzanne Schneider’s new book, The Apocalypse and the End of History: Modern Jihad and the Crisis of Liberalism. Simultaneously a brief history of the roots of jihad, its meaning throughout history and its relationship to the Muslim worshiper, the text is also a critique of modern capitalism and the effects of its predatory nature. The reader is presented with the essence of western colonialism and imperialism and their role in the creation of today’s increasing inequalities and accompanying despair. In addition, the discussions of the changing roles of state actors in relation to private capital and the effect those roles have on the ordinary human provide a context that applies to phenomena well beyond the primary focus of this book—modern jihad. Perhaps even more important is her argument that neoliberal capitalism was “prefigured—if not actively constructed—in the colonial world.” (227) In other words, the trappings of neoliberalism we are growing more familiar with each day—authoritarian mechanisms to control the population, hyper-surveillance, the privatization of the public sphere, and the irrelevance of popular politics—were created and honed by the west in its colonies. Now, not only are the populations of former colonial and imperial powers experiencing the economic and racial inequalities that were the basis of colonial rule, those populations are also experiencing the measures of control developed and refined in the former colonies by the imperial powers. Of course, certain elements of the populations in the imperial states have always been under the regimes of poverty and oppression; especially the Black population in the United States. o ⚓ Crisis_in_the_National_Women’s_Soccer_League:_A_Story_of Predation_and_Power⠀⇛ On Wednesday, the National Women’s Soccer League got back to playing ball, but it wasn’t business as usual. During the sixth minute of game time, the players on NJ/NY Gotham FC and the Washington Spirit stopped playing. They walked to the center of the pitch and linked arms for a full minute before the match resumed. Instead of confusion or boos, fans rose to their feet and cheered. This act of political protest has occurred—or will occur—in every NWSL game after a sexual harassment scandal rocked the league in late September. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ Reopening_Schools:_Is_New_York_City_Keeping_Its_Most Vulnerable_Kids_Safe?⠀⇛ On the morning of September 13, shortly after the New York school system’s Covid-screening website crashed, Mayor Bill de Blasio stood outside PS 25 in the Bronx celebrating the reopening of the city’s public schools. It was a heady occasion: For the first time in 18 months, the largest public school system in the country—nearly 1.1 million students—would be back in swing, and de Blasio was intent on proving that it was not only the right but also a safe decision. o § Health/Nutrition⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_We_Are_Being_Robbed_Blind_by_Big_Pharma⠀⇛ Molnupiravir is the new pill that’s been all over the news recently because it can cut hospitalizations and deaths of unvaccinated Covid- infected people by as much as half and doesn’t require folks to go to the hospital or an infusion center, like the monoclonal antibody remdesivir. Just take a pill every day for five days and you’re good. # ⚓ Balls_to_Masks!⠀⇛ He had oil in his beard and defiance in his eye. Both gleamed in the October sunshine streaming through the windows at the back of the immigration hall at Heathrow Airport Terminal 2. The meticulously styled facial hair, brownish-red and thick, would have garnered attention in normal times, but it was even more of a sight to behold during the Wars on Covid and Terror. He was the only person not wearing a mask among the hundreds of passengers getting ready to queue up for passport control:  a real crowd displeaser, this face-freedom fighter. # ⚓ WHO_Condemns_‘Worldwide_Failure’_as_Countries_Spend_Just_2% of_Budgets_on_Mental_Health⠀⇛ “It is extremely concerning that, despite the evident and increasing need for mental health services, which has become even more acute during the Covid-19 pandemic, good intentions are not being met with investment.” # ⚓ In_Defense_of_Andrew_Wiggins⠀⇛ After Wiggins’s unwillingness to get vaccinated became known to the media in late September, he was criticized relentlessly. On October 4, after he yielded and got his shot, Rusty Simmons of the SF Chronicle quoted Wiggins explaining, “’I had a bad reaction a few years ago to Tylenol and from there I never really like to take anything. Let stuff heal naturally. That was a little fear factor.” Simmons may not have understood the significance of the comment, which was buried in his article. Having once had a strong, adverse drug reaction is grounds for a medical exemption to the Covid-19 vaccination mandate. If the Warriors’ well-paid media staff had explained and publicized Wiggins’s valid reason for not getting the shot, the dignified young man would have been spared a lot of nasty criticism. By not citing his allergic reaction to Tylenol in his defense, the Chase- Centered flacks were instinctively or consciously protecting the image of Johnson & Johnson and Capital-M Medicine. If the Warriors refusenik had been assistant general manager Kirk Lacob, the owner’s son, you can bet the PR people would have publicized his valid excuse. # ⚓ Biden_Aims_to_Keep_Trump_Drug_Policy_That_Widened_Racial Disparities⠀⇛ # ⚓ Quackademic_medicine_at_the_Marcus_Center_for_Cellular Cures:_Stem_cells_for_autism⠀⇛ The Marcus Center for Cellular Cures at Duke University bills itself as “harnessing biology through technology” and further describes itself thusly: # ⚓ TLAV-_Facebook_“Whistleblower”,_Ending_Anonymity_& Moderna’s_Hail_Mary⠀⇛ Whitney joined TLAV to discuss her recent article on Moderna, as well as our previous discussion around your anonymity and privacy, and how these concepts are on the way out in lieu of a “reimagining” of our world where these concepts are a burden on the system; a system in which “you own nothing and you have never been happier” – or so we are aggressively told – known as The Great Reset. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Macquarie_Health_Corporation_hit_by_Windows_Hive ransomware [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Jim Walter and Juan Andres Guerrero-Saade said in a blog post about Hive in August: “The group is notable in its undiscerning choice of targets, having no limits when it comes to healthcare providers and hospitals, as evidenced in a recent attack on Memorial Health System hospitals in Ohio. “Hive ransomware is written in Go to take advantage of the language’s concurrency features to encrypt files faster. Hive remains active with as many as 30 victim companies listed on its Hive Leaks onion site at the time of writing.” # ⚓ Democrats_urge_federal_agencies_to_address_use_of cryptocurrencies_for_ransomware_payments⠀⇛ A group of Democrats on Friday urged the Biden administration to do more to confront the growing use of cryptocurrency markets in ransomware attacks, which have become an increasing national security threat over the past year. # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Apache_Releases_HTTP_Server_version_2.4.51_to Address_Vulnerabilities_Under_Exploitation⠀⇛ On October 7, 2021, the Apache Software Foundation released Apache HTTP Server version 2.4.51 to address Path Traversal and Remote Code Execution vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-41773, CVE- 2021-42013) in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.49 and 2.4.50. These vulnerabilities have been exploited in the wild. CISA is also seeing ongoing scanning of vulnerable systems, which is expected to accelerate, likely leading to exploitation. CISA urges organizations to patch immediately if they haven’t already—this cannot wait until after the holiday weekend. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Livestream_Panel_Discussion_Tuesday:_EFF, Encryption_Users_Will_Discuss_Consequences of_Apple’s_Planned_Scanning_Tool,_Suggest Changes⠀⇛ # ⚓ From_Surveillance_Capitalism_to “Influence_Government”:_Using_Microtargeted Ads_to_“Nudge”_People’s_Everyday_Behavior⠀⇛ As the report explains, this draws on an older idea known as “nudge theory“, which uses positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as a way to influence people’s behavior. Wikipedia quotes one of the best- known examples of nudge theory: placing the image of a housefly on the men’s room urinals at Amsterdam’s Schiphol Airport, which is intended to “improve the aim.” Back in 2010, the UK government set up a formal “Nudge Unit“, which was given the task of using nudge theory to improve public services. In 2014 it was spun out as a limited company called the Behavioural Insights Team. It now has offices around the world. # ⚓ Bizarre_Magistrate_Judge_Ruling_Says_That If_Facebook_Deletes_An_Account,_It_No Longer_Needs_To_Keep_Details_Private⠀⇛ There have been a bunch of slightly wacky court rulings of late, and this recent one from magistrate judge Zia Faruqui definitely is up there on the list of rulings that makes you scratch your head. The case involves the Republic of Gambia seeking information on Facebook accounts that were accused of contributing to ethnic genocide of the Rohingya in Myanmar. This situation was — quite obviously — horrible, and it tends to be the go-to story for anyone who wants to show that Facebook is evil (though I’m often confused about how people often seem more focused on blaming Facebook for the situation than the Myanmar government which carried out the genocide…). Either way, the Republic of Gambia is seeking information from Facebook regarding the accounts that played a role in the genocide, as part of its case at the International Court of Justice. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Macedonian_Ramble:_Albania_High_and_Low⠀⇛ This is the first part in a series about a journey across what used to be called Macedonia, which is now divided among Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. Just before the world closed in on itself, I decided to travel overland from the Albanian coastline to Istanbul, roughly along the front lines of the Balkan Wars (1912-13) and those of World War I (1915-18). In many ways the fighting on these remote peaks of Macedonia, on a craggy fault line from the Adriatic to the Bosphorus, defined the postwar fate of Europe in the 1920s, if not that of the twentieth century. # ⚓ Why_Does_Congress_Fight_Over_Childcare_But_Not_F-35s?⠀⇛ But the very week before the Dems’ $350 billion- per-year domestic package hit this wall of corporate money-bags, all but 38 House Democrats voted to hand over more than double that amount to the Pentagon. Senator Manchin has hypocritically described the domestic spending bill as “fiscal insanity,” but he has voted for a much larger Pentagon budget every year since 2016. Real fiscal insanity is what Congress does year after year, taking most of its discretionary spending off the table and handing it over to the Pentagon before even considering the country’s urgent domestic needs. Maintaining this pattern, Congress just splashed out $12 billion for 85 more F-35 warplanes, 6 more than Trump bought last year, without debating the relative merits of buying more F-35s vs. investing $12 billion in education, healthcare, clean energy or fighting poverty. # ⚓ Biden_Approves_Access_to_Trump’s_White_House_Records_for Jan._6_Probe⠀⇛ President Joe Biden on Friday ordered federal record-keepers to allow the House committee investigating the January 6 insurrection to access a cache of former President Donald Trump’s White House documents, denying an attempt by Trump to shield the information through executive privilege. “As a part of this process, the president has determined an assertion of executive privilege is not warranted for the first set of documents from the Trump White House that have been provided to us by the National Archives,” White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki said Friday. # ⚓ Saudi_Arabia_Accused_of_Sabotaging_UN_Probe_of_War_Crimes in_Yemen⠀⇛ Human rights defenders are expressing outrage after the United Nations Human Rights Council on Thursday voted against continuing a U.N.-backed probe into possible war crimes in Yemen. Amnesty International said the outcome followed “pressure by Saudi Arabia and other coalition partners.” # ⚓ Never_Having_to_Say_You’re_Sorry:_War_Without_Apologies⠀⇛ For some, the memory of that horrific day included headshaking over the mistakes this country made in responding to it, mistakes we live with to this moment. Among the more prominent heads being shaken over the wrongdoing that followed 9/11, and the failure to correct any of it, was that of Jane Harman, a Democrat from California, who was then in the House of Representatives. She would join all but one member of Congress — fellow California representative Barbara Lee — in voting for the remarkably vague Authorization for the Use of Force, or AUMF, which paved the way for the invasion of Afghanistan and so much else. It would, in fact, put Congress in cold storage from then on, allowing the president to bypass it in deciding for years to come whom to attack and where, as long as he justified whatever he did by alluding to a distinctly imprecise term: terrorism.  So, too, Harman would vote for the Patriot Act, which would later be used to put in place massive warrantless surveillance policies, and then, a year later, for the Bush administration’s invasion of Iraq (based on the lie that Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction). # ⚓ With_the_War_on_Terror,_America_Failed_Upward⠀⇛ The anniversary of the 9/11 attacks was marked by days of remembrances—for the courageous rescue workers of that moment, for the thousands murdered as the Twin Towers collapsed, for those who died in the Pentagon, or in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, fighting off the hijackers of the commercial jet they were in, as well as for those who fought in the forever wars that were America’s response to those Al Qaeda attacks. # ⚓ Missiles_and_sensors:_German_technology_for_the_Turkish drone_war⠀⇛ A Turkish armed drone was demonstrated in Turkmenistan equipped with a camera from Hensoldt. The device could guide weapons developed with German help to the target. Turkey might use it in missions that violate international law. # ⚓ Part_2_–_Never_Forget:_9/11_and_the_20_Year_War_on_Terror_– Excerpts_From_the_Online_Event_–_The_Project_Censored_Show⠀⇛ On the 20th anniversary of the September 11th attacks, Code Pink, Massachusetts Peace Action and several other co-sponsoring organizations, including Project Censored, held an online seminar on the worldwide toll of the US “War On Terror,” and strategies for resisting militarism in the years to come. This week’s Project Censored Show presents excerpts from some of the speeches at that event, including from Medea Benjamin, David Swanson, Kathy Kelly, Jodie, Evans, and more. # ⚓ Academic_David_Miller_Speaks_Out_Following_Firing_&_Israel Lobby_Smear_Campaign⠀⇛ # ⚓ Rikers_Island:_New_York’s_Heart_of_Darkness⠀⇛ Recently, others at the prison have not been as fortunate. In January, 30 year old Wilson Diaz Guzman was found to have hung himself in his cell. In March, it was 30 year old Javier Velasco found unresponsive with a bedsheet wrapped around his neck. On August 10th, it was 25 year old Brandon Rodriguez with a T-Shirt. On August 30th, 58 year old Segundo Guallpa. Then there was Robert Jackson found dead in July after a correction officer abandoned his post leaving Jackson unattended. According to the Correction Officers union, the guard, who is facing disciplinary action, had worked 20 straight hours without relief. Three more prison officers were suspended in connection with the death of 24 year old Esias Jackson in early September. An initial source claimed Jackson’s death the result of an overdose but the matter is still under review. Other inmates have come forward claiming Jackson had been complaining of stomach pains. Desperate pleas for medical attention were ignored according to the detainee who found him. On September 19th, Isa Abdul Karim, a wheelchair user with underlying medical conditions died from COVID-19 having spent days in an crowded intake unit of the Otis Bantum Correction Center, one of eight jails in the complex. Karim was forced to spend the entire time in his wheelchair for lack of bunks. He was one day shy of qualifying for release. # ⚓ Watch_Trailer_For_Another_Vision:_Inside_Haiti’s_Uprising⠀⇛ # ⚓ North_Carolina_Republicans_Threaten_to_Use_Police_Force_to Inspect_Voting_Machines⠀⇛ State Rep. Jeff McNeely and other conservative lawmakers claimed at a Thursday news conference that they are acting on behalf of constituents who believe fraud and “machine tampering” took place in the 2020 election. McNeely said the group plans to conduct their inspections by “randomly pick[ing]” counties from across the state and then examining voting machines used in the presidential election to see if they have a modem that can connect to the internet. North Carolina state law prohibits voting machines from having modems. # ⚓ Exclusive-Some_Afghan_evacuees_leaving_military_bases_in U.S._before_resettlement⠀⇛ The number of “independent departures,” which top 700 and could be higher, has not been previously reported. But the phenomenon is raising alarms among immigration advocates concerned about the risks to Afghans who give up on what is now an open-ended, complex and completely voluntary resettlement process. # ⚓ Recidivist_Sofiane_Rasmouk:_He_quoted_the_Qur’_an_while raping_his_victim,_today_he_took_two_French_prison_guards hostage⠀⇛ “This hostage-taking involved two guards who were released voluntarily, the first around lunchtime and the second after the raid intervened as part of a handover protocol. He voluntarily agreed to surrender,” he said. # ⚓ Islamist_founder_of_the_banned_French_NGO_BarakaCity_calls for_a_fight_against_France⠀⇛ There are no five means of action. The crux of the matter is war! The boycott or the strike. Or both. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ A_$15bn_new_canal_for_Istanbul⠀⇛ Mr Erdogan’s pitch comes down to safety and money. The canal, he says, would be easier to navigate than the Bosporus, reduce congestion in one of the world’s busiest channels and bring in new revenue. Under the Montreux Convention, signed in 1936, civilian vessels can pass through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, the straits linking the Sea of Marmara and the Mediterranean, free of charge. (Only the littoral states of the Black Sea are allowed to send warships through.) But traffic can lead to long waiting times. Mr Erdogan’s hope is that ships will pay transit fees to jump the queue and use his canal. # ⚓ Facebook_is_trying_to_stop_the_sale_of_Amazon_rainforest land_on_its_Marketplace⠀⇛ Facebook’s announcement comes after a February BBC investigation into its Marketplace that found people illegally sold large plots of land in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest on Facebook’s Craigslist alternative. The plots were frequently sold without an official land title designating ownership, driven by the deforestation of the Amazon caused by the Brazilian cattle industry, the BBC found. # ⚓ Wild_Meat_Consumption_in_Tropical_Forests_Could_be Converted_into_Carbon_Credits,_Controversial_Paper_Suggests⠀⇛ The eating of wild meat in tropical forests could generate carbon credits through avoided emissions, a new paper has claimed – but other academics have said the study shows the limitations of a “carbon- only” approach. The research, published in science journal Nature on Thursday, analysed studies conducted between 1972 and 2019 on the diets of around 150,000 residents from 49 tropical forest sites, including in Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. # ⚓ The_media’s_rotten_reporting_on_Biden’s_social_and_climate bill_(and_it’s_not_just_Fox_News)⠀⇛ Millions of people without childcare, for example, can’t join the labor force – costing the economy tens of billions each year. Young people who can’t afford community college end up costing the economy vast sums in terms of lost productivity and whatever public assistance they may need down the line. If we don’t slow climate change, we’ll be spending hundreds of billions more per year dealing with worsening wildfires, floods, and droughts. If we don’t begin to reverse widening inequality, half of America won’t be able to buy the goods and services the economy produces. Talk about costs.These biases in the mainstream media aren’t the result of intentional decisions among publishers, editors and writers to favor the status quo over progressive change. They simply reflect the dominant views of the American establishment, as seen mainly through the lenses of New York and Washington. The establishment supports the status quo and puts a high burden of proof on those seeking fundamental change because it is the establishment.Yet as a result, the mainstream media is doing a rotten job informing America about one of the most important pieces of legislation to come along in decades, at a time in our nation’s history when fundamental change is badly needed.What do you think?  Tell me in the comments at https:// robertreich.substack.com/p/the-medias-rotten- reporting-on-bidens. # ⚓ The_Climate_Medusa⠀⇛ Wars, bad governments, gross inequalities, and natural upheavals unsettle civilization and personal and national certainty about the present and the future. The Peloponnesian War # ⚓ Warning_of_Looming_‘List_of_Horrors,’_Pacific_Island Leaders_Demand_Urgent_COP_26_Climate_Action⠀⇛ As world leaders prepare to jet off to this month’s United Nations Climate Change Conference in Scotland, the heads of several Pacific island nations in recent days urged world leaders to leave their good intentions at home and commit to urgent, meaningful climate action. “We refuse to be the proverbial canaries in the coal mine, as we are so often called.” # ⚓ In_‘Historic’_Vote,_UN_Human_Rights_Council_Recognizes Right_to_Clean_Environment⠀⇛ The United Nations Human Rights Council on Friday voted for the first time to formally recognize the right to a clean and sustainable environment, a move that climate campaigners applauded as the hard-won result of activism from grassroots groups and small-island countries. “Today’s historic decision is the culmination of over 40 years of efforts to recognize the right to a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment,” Sébastien Duyck, senior attorney at the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), said in a statement. # ⚓ Extinction_Rebellion⠀⇛ # ⚓ Roaming_Charges:_When_the_Inevitable_Becomes_the_Criminal⠀⇛ The Huntington Beach blowout was not merely predictable. It was inevitable. But when does the inevitable become the criminal? And where does the liability begin and end? With the pipeline company? The oil drilling company? The holding companies? Their lobbyists and PR hacks? The hedge funds? The regulators? The politicians? The piety of California’s politicians on climate change is as insufferable as their actual record is hollow. As Dan Bacher has vividly reported for CounterPunch, Gavin Newsom, following in the oily footprints, of his predecessor Jerry Brown, has stuffed his pockets with oil and gas industry cash, while approving hundreds of new fracking and drilling permits. There’s no need to consult the Pandora Papers. It’s all out in the open. Audacious hypocrisy is how Newsom rolls. He should have been recalled for turning Southern California over to the oil companies, while parading around the Bay Area from bistro to bistro as a climate change warrior. # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_Using_Solar_Energy_to_Dry_Your_Clothes⠀⇛ Solar energy comes to Earthlings in many ways. Ancient Persians used passive solar architecture. East Africans about the same time funneled cool ocean wind through tunnels to cool themselves. # ⚓ Global_Blueprint_Details_Why_There_Is_No_Climate Justice_Without_Debt_Justice⠀⇛ The global climate and debt crises are connected and wealthy, high-polluting countries aren’t doing their part to address either or advance global justice, according to a policy blueprint published Friday by Progressive International. “Climate justice is essential to the future of the planet, and it is impossible without debt justice.” # ⚓ Solar_Energy_on_the_Frontlines_and_Old-Fashioned Clotheslines⠀⇛ Now at long last, solar energy is outpacing new fossil fuel and nuclear facilities on price, environmental safety, and speed of installation. One use of solar that has not received enough attention is drying clothes with clotheslines or clothes racks. Before global warming and our climate crisis became a public concern, some local governments banned backyard clotheslines as community eyesores. Fortunately, 20 states have passed “Right to Dry Laws” that allow people to use this simple low-tech and appropriate technology to reduce fuel consumption. # ⚓ Texas_Pols_Shocked_To_Learn_Their_Bill_Let_Gas Companies_Off_The_Hook_For_Climate_Change Preparedness⠀⇛ Having covered telecom for a long time, I’ve lost track of the times I’ve watched some befuddled lawmaker shocked by the content of their own bill. Usually, that’s because they outsourced the writing of it to their primary campaign contributors, which in telecom is usually AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, and Charter. Sometimes they’re so clueless to what their “own” bill includes they’ll turn to lobbyists in the middle of a hearing to seek clarity. This is, of course, outright corruption. But we tend to laugh it off and normalize it, and the press generally refuses to accurately label it corruption. # ⚓ Mariner_East_2_Pipeline_Charged_with_48_Environmental Crimes_in_Pennsylvania⠀⇛ On October 5, the Pennsylvania Attorney General unveiled criminal charges against the Mariner East 2 pipeline, a long-distance natural gas pipeline that traverses the state. Stemming from a grand jury investigation, Attorney General Josh Shapiro announced 46 environmental crimes, plus an additional two charges that were referred to his office by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). # ⚓ Covid_is_at_the_center_of_world’s_energy_crunch,_but a_cascade_of_problems_is_fueling_it⠀⇛ Not only has Covid-19 killed more than 4.5 million people, it saw global energy consumption shrink by 4.5 percent last year — the biggest drop since World War II, according to BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy. That nosedive was the reason that in April 2020 oil prices went negative for the first time in history. “As a result of that, a lot of producers just stopped producing,” said Keith Bell, an engineering professor at the U.K.’s University of Strathclyde. “That is not an easy thing to do because you’ve got to make these offline oil and gas facilities safe, too.” # ⚓ Can_We_Repurpose_Old_Wind_Turbine_Blades?_| Hackaday⠀⇛ Wind turbines are a fantastic, cheap, renewable source of energy. However, nothing lasts forever, and over time, the blades of wind turbines fatigue and must be replaced. This then raises the question of what to do with these giant waste blades. Thankfully, a variety of projects are exploring just those possibilities. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Vanishing:_Sawfishes_Are_Weird_and_Wonderful_—_But Important,_Too⠀⇛ # ⚓ Why_We_Need_Big_Holistic_Wilderness⠀⇛ So we mapped what was literally roadless and wild on the ground. We did not rely on agency inventories, because relying on federal agency inventories limits one to what the agencies have inventoried. Agency “roadless area” inventories are notoriously incomplete and often follow political demarcations such as state and county lines, national forest and BLM district boundaries, and isolated sections of state or private land. Moreover, agencies frequently gerrymandered “official” roadless area boundaries to exclude big chunks of wild country in order to facilitate plans for logging, mining, oil wells, off- road vehicle routes, water projects, livestock developments and so on. In other words, for a variety of reasons, many big contiguous chunks of roadless wilderness were and are divided into different administrative units, masking the true extent of the wildland. Therefore, we hoped that by providing a comprehensive accurate inventory that clearly depicts the true extent of each big roadless area on the ground, regardless of political boundaries or considerations, conservationists would be more likely to develop and promote bigger, more holistic proposals for additions to the National Wilderness Preservation System. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Should_the_right_to_procreate_eclipse_future generations’_interests_entirely?_Book_review_of_“Under the_Sky_We_Make”_by_Kimberly_Nicholas⠀⇛ Under the Sky We Make is an excellent exploration of what needs to be done to fight climate change. Its author succeeds in the difficult task of inspiring the desire to act. Yet she ignores the importance of reversing population growth, missing an important opportunity to educate readers on a key aspect of climate disruption and sustainability. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ The_American_“System_of_Governance”_is_a_Lethal Slaveowners’_Monstrosity⠀⇛ Who can ever forget the brilliant oratory of Joe “Nothing Would Fundamentally Change” Biden two nights after Election Day last November? “Democracy is sometimes messy,” Joe “No Empathy, Give Me a Break” Biden said two months before Donald Trump’s wild-eyed marauders would descend on the US Capitol. “It sometimes requires a little patience. But that patience has been rewarded now for more than 240 years with a system of governance that’s been the envy of the world.” What wise counsel! “Patience, underlings, your globally unmatched democracy will hear your cries!” What came over those Hunger Marchers and Sit-Down Strikers in the 1930s? What was Rosa Parks thinking when she refused to get up from that bus seat? Surely the great Black American escaped slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass needed to be more patient and feel more rewarded when he offered these bitter and impetuous reflections on July 4, 1852: # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Democratic_Party_Ignores_Middle_America’s Labor_Crisis_at_Its_Own_Peril⠀⇛ There is nothing the Democratic Party loves more than indulging in some existential hand wringing over its declining popularity in the crumbling American heartland. Indeed, this was the favorite pundit pastime of the entire Trump era. Amid the wailing over cultural differences and economic insecurity, a rarely heard word is “unions.” Yet, a new report adds to the evidence that the fate of the Democratic Party is intimately tied to the decline of union power. It’s also one more sign that the labor movement itself needs to throw everything it has into new organizing with a fervor that has been lacking in our lifetimes. # ⚓ Jobs_Report_Confirms_Ending_Unemployment_Aid_for_8_Million People_Was_a_‘Complete_Disaster’⠀⇛ Republican lawmakers argued, and many of their Democratic counterparts accepted, that slashing federal jobless aid would lead to robust growth in employment. However, data released Friday shows that while eight million people were booted from expanded unemployment insurance programs last month, employers added just 194,000 jobs—the weakest monthly increase this year. “194,000 jobs is equal to less than 3% of the people who were removed from the UI rolls in September.” # ⚓ The_Rich_are_Different:_They’re_Richer_Than_Us_and_Far Greedier⠀⇛ Fitzgerald had it right. Particularly these days, when the wealthiest people in the US are not millionaires, or even people worth hundreds of millions of dollars, but rather are billionaires, with some, like Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk and Warren Buffett having total assets in excess of $100 billion, the rich are not just quantitatively but qualitatively different. There are 664 Americans today who are billionaires (that’s 1000 times $1 million in assets). That number is 50 people, or families, higher than it was a year ago. # ⚓ Oxfam_Denounces_Global_Tax_Deal_as_‘Dangerous_Capitulation’ to_Corporate_Dodgers⠀⇛ A global tax deal reached Friday by 136 countries was widely hailed as a “historic” step toward a more just and equitable economic order. But global humanitarian groups and policy experts warned that a closer look at the agreement reveals it to be a “shameful and dangerous capitulation” to corporate tax dodgers and the countries that enable them. # ⚓ As_Americans_Demand_Tax_Reforms,_Analysis_Finds_Top_1%_Hold More_Wealth_Than_Whole_Middle_Class⠀⇛ As the bombshell Pandora Papers continue to expose dubious details about how the world’s superrich hide their fortunes and avoid paying their fair share of taxes, Bloomberg on Friday published an analysis of U.S. Federal Reserve data revealing that Americans in the top 1% income tier now have more wealth than the entire middle class. # ⚓ How_a_State_Bank_Could_Challenge_Payday_Lenders⠀⇛ # ⚓ Opinion_|_COP26:_Industrial_Capitalism_and_How_the_UK Started_the_Climate_Crisis⠀⇛ Occasionally, when I’m walking the dog on the beach, I find a lump of coal, black against the yellow sand. The Firth of Forth, the fjord that washes the north of Edinburgh, cuts deep into the seam that Scotland’s central belt is built on. Sometimes, the waves dislodge a chunk of the bed, and wash up a 350-million-year-old piece of driftwood from the mighty forests of the Carboniferous Period. # ⚓ Omar_Demands_Release_of_Memo_Detailing_Biden’s_Authority_to Cancel_Student_Debt⠀⇛ “Turning student debt payments back on in the middle of a pandemic is an act of policy failure. Cancelling student debt is both the morally right and economically sound thing to do.” # ⚓ The_Child_Credit_Absolutely_Shouldn’t_Have_an_Earnings Test,_But_If_It_Does,_It_Should_Apply_to_Married_Mothers⠀⇛ Yet, more than self-explanation is necessary because the expanded CTC already has a work requirement. The expanded CTC is conditional on raising a minor child, and, as Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH), among others, has noted: “raising children is work.” Of course, the expanded CTC doesn’t directly or fully compensate parents for the socially necessary, but unpaid, work of raising children. At $3,000 a year per child ($3,600 if the child is under age 6), it is far too modest to do that. But it is a form of public support and recognition of the valuable essential work that parents do when they raise children. # ⚓ Manchin_May_Want_to_Stop_Digging⠀⇛ # ⚓ Manchin’s_Gutting_of_Biden_Agenda_Would_Cut_2_Million_Jobs Per_Year⠀⇛ # ⚓ Today’s_jobs_report_reveals_a_striking_thing:_A_large portion_of_the_American_Workforce_is_now_effectively_on strike.⠀⇛ We’re still 5 million jobs below February 2020 levels, and 2.7 million people have been out of work for six months or more, the standard threshold for long-term unemployment. Many of these people are hurting, to be sure. # ⚓ Hurricanes_Aren’t_Just_Natural_Disasters_—_They_Also_Fuel Inequality⠀⇛ # ⚓ Manchin_Plan_to_Gut_Biden_Agenda_Would_Support_2_Million Fewer_Jobs_Per_Year⠀⇛ Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin’s proposal to lop $2 trillion off his own party’s social spending and climate agenda would support nearly two million fewer jobs per year than the full $3.5 trillion reconciliation plan backed by President Joe Biden, progressive lawmakers, and a majority of the U.S. public. “The conservative, underfunded $1.5 trillion proposal is an absolute non-starter.” # ⚓ Omar,_Ocasio-Cortez_Give_Biden_Deadline_on_Student_Debt Cancelation_Memo⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ocasio-Cortez_Slams_Manchin_for_Demanding_Cuts_to_Child- Related_Programs⠀⇛ # ⚓ Ending_Unemployment_Benefits_Had_Little_Impact_on_Job Growth⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Thread_of_Truth⠀⇛ While I still held to core Republican values, I soon joined the progressive side of political discussions. And as the GOP evolved to become a Trump cult, I decidedly joined the Democratic camp. Not so for my college roommate who moved much farther to the right. After a recent and somewhat uncomfortable exchange, he sent a link to a Peggy Noonan editorial, America has Lost the Thread, about our polarized politics. Noonan’s piece is a thoughtful and objective lament about the thread, now lost, that had unified the left and right after 9/11. But it said little about what we should do to bring us together again, how we could reconcile our differences. # ⚓ NRC_Conducting_“Open_Investigation”_into_Allegedly Counterfeit,_Substandard_US_Reactor_Parts,_&_Impossibility_of Evacuating_Seabrook⠀⇛ In a January 15, 2021 email to We the People — a whistle-blower protection group in Rowley, Mass. — the OIG’s Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investigations Malion Bartley wrote that his office “has an open investigation and is reviewing the concerns you provided and your supporting documents.” Bartley’s email, made public only recently, follows a December 14, 2020 letter in which Bartley confirmed, “The Office of the Inspector General, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, is reviewing your allegation regarding counterfeit and substitute parts in nuclear plants around the United States.” For over 35 years We the People has demanded an investigation into whistle-blower declarations that reactor manufacturers have installed counterfeit, substandard parts in reactors across the United States. The allegations are based on tape-recorded conversations with several nuclear industry and NRC whistle-blowers. # ⚓ Why_Did_the_Democrats_Take_Single-Payer_Off_the_Table?_An Interview_with_Dr._Anne_Scheetz⠀⇛ Instead of pursuing Medicare for All they are pursuing incremental improvements in Medicare – also known as Medicare for Some. They are also pursuing single payer at the state level. # ⚓ ‘Cruel_and_Unfathomable’:_Sinema_Pushing_$100_Billion_in Climate_Cuts_From_Reconciliation_Bill⠀⇛ Already under fire from progressive activists and lawmakers for holding up congressional Democrats and President Joe Biden’s agenda, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema drew additional ire Friday with reporting that she’s proposed cutting $100 billion in climate provisions from the reconciliation package. “Maybe if she actually took the time to speak to the people of her state, she’d realize how much their families need her to deliver action on climate.” # ⚓ Opinion_|_Mitch_McConnell’s_Unquenchable_Thirst_For Obstruction⠀⇛ Senate Republican Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) made his bones in the Senate on political money—both raising influence-buying contributions and blocking efforts to curb the corrupting impact of this money in Washington. # ⚓ How_to_Take_Over_a_Political_Party⠀⇛ If social movements want to have long-term power in the United States, they must reckon with the state. And if they want to win control of the state, they must consider their relationship with political parties. # ⚓ Newsom_Administration_Issued_138_Offshore_Well_Permits_in California_Waters_Prior_to_New_Oil_Spill⠀⇛ And while “marine protected areas” created under the leadership of a Big Oil lobbyist are currently threatened by the massive oil spill, the two groups said the California Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) is 278 days late in delivering Newsom a rule setting a barrier between oil operations and vulnerable communities. Also on Monday, Governor Gavin Newsom proclaimed a state of emergency in Orange County to support the emergency response to the oil spill off the coast of Huntington Beach that originated in federal waters. # ⚓ New_Report_Reveals_Trump_Urged_DOJ_to_Overturn_Election_at Least_9_Times⠀⇛ # ⚓ Bernie_Sanders_on_the_Corporate_Threat_to_American Democracy⠀⇛ Senator Bernie Sanders wants the public to know that the fight to pass Democrats’ $3.5 trillion social spending bill isn’t just about meeting the needs of working-class families and combating the climate crisis—it’s about “the future of American democracy” and whether oligarchs will be successful in defeating a popular agenda. # ⚓ “Three-Body_Problem”_Author_No_Longer_Sure_Humankind_Would Unite_Against_Hostile_Aliens⠀⇛ In his 2008 novel “The Three-Body Problem,” Liu Cixin wrote about nations banding together to deal with a looming alien invasion that would likely result in the end of humanity. Now he’s not so sure about that unity, Cixin said in an interview with The Wall Street Journal. If anything, he said, the coronavirus pandemic shows that we might do the opposite. # ⚓ Two_journalists_who_have_exposed_human-rights_abuses_win the_Nobel_peace_prize⠀⇛ The need to speak out for journalists is undeniable. In 2020, more than twice as many were murdered for doing their jobs as in 2019, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists, an NGO based in New York. At the end of 2020 over 270 journalists were imprisoned, according to the same organisation. That was the highest figure ever recorded by their annual census, which has been going for almost three decades. Highlighting the perils of being a journalist in repressive countries is no bad thing. Yet some will wonder if the Nobel Committee could not have been a little bolder. # ⚓ Maria_Ressa:_Philippine_pillar_of_press_freedom⠀⇛ The former CNN bureau chief set up news website Rappler in 2012, bringing together multimedia reporting and social media to offer an edgy take on Philippine current events and a critical eye on the government of President Rodrigo Duterte. # ⚓ Would_a_Facebook_Breakup_Look_Like_AT&T’s_Breakup?⠀⇛ No matter your ultimate lean on politics, you have to admit it’s pretty strange to sit with the knowledge that OAN, a conservative news network, was effectively funded by AT&T, right? o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Facebook_Suppressed_Content_Highlighting_Israeli_Abuses_of Palestinians:_Report⠀⇛ Facebook removed and suppressed content about “apparent war crimes” that Israel’s apartheid regime committed in May during its deadly assault on Palestinians, Human Rights Watch said Friday. As Israeli forces illegally banished Palestinians from their homes throughout the Occupied Territories, attacked Islamic places of worship, brutally repressed demonstrators, and bombed civilian infrastructure in the besieged Gaza Strip, many people “turn[ed] to social media to document, raise awareness, and condemn the latest cycle” of abuses, Human Rights Watch (HRW) noted. # ⚓ Winding_Down_Our_Latest_Greenhouse_Panel:_Content Moderation_At_The_Infrastructure_Layer⠀⇛ When Mike introduced our latest Greenhouse series on content moderation at the infrastructure layer, he made it abundantly clear this was a particularly thorny and complicated issue. While there’s been a relentless focus on content moderation at the so- called “edge” of the internet (Google, Facebook, and Twitter), less talked about is content moderation at the “infrastructure” layers deeper in the stack. That can include anything from hosting companies and domain registrars, to ad networks, payment processors, telecom providers, and app stores. # ⚓ If_You_Want_To_Know_Why_Section_230_Matters,_Just_Ask Wikimedia:_Without_It,_There’d_Be_No_Wikipedia⠀⇛ It sometimes seems that Techdirt spends half its time debunking bad ideas for reforming or even repealing Section 230. In fact, so many people seem to get the law wrong that Mike was moved to write a detailed post on the subject with the self- explanatory title “Hello! You’ve Been Referred Here Because You’re Wrong About Section 230 Of The Communications Decency Act”. It may be necessary (and tiresome) work rebutting all this wrongness, but it’s nice for a change to be able to demonstrate precisely why Section 230 is so important. A recent court ruling provides just such an example: # ⚓ Pakistan:_Lahore_school_principal_becomes_latest_victim_of blasphemy_laws,_given_death_sentence⠀⇛ “It is proved beyond reasonable doubt that accused Salma Tanveer wrote and distributed the writings which are derogatory in respect of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and she failed to prove that her case falls in exception provided by section 84 of PPC,” the verdict stated. Section 84, dealing with the accusation on people of unsound mind, states, “nothing is an offense which is done by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that he is doing what is either wrong or contrary to law.” # ⚓ Eindhoven_terror_suspects_discussed_AK-47_attack,_beheading Geert_Wilders:_Report⠀⇛ One person also suggested kidnapping Wilders, and live-streaming his murder. “Get Geert Wilders to say something. And then I’ll behead him, live, on Facebook.” “Bro man, you just use an AK and pop him with his guards at a press conference, you know? You just yell, ‘Allahu Akbar’, … Just six bullets,” one suspect allegedly said. “Once you’re shooting, you don’t stop. You don’t stop and aim.” # ⚓ Hong_Kong:_University_orders_Tiananmen_statue’s_removal⠀⇛ The university said the decision was “based on the latest risk assessment and legal advice” without expanding on this explanation. Beijing has recently moved to silence opposition to its rule in Hong Kong. # ⚓ University_of_Hong_Kong_wants_Tiananmen_‘Pillar_of_Shame’ gone⠀⇛ Now, HKU has reportedly directed that its eight- metre monument, a totem-like heap of human forms commemorating the protesters killed by the Chinese military during its 1989 crackdown, be removed from the campus where it has stood for 24 years. According to one HKU academic, who asked to remain anonymous, the decision “can be seen as a final stage of mainlandising Hong Kong’s university campuses”. o § Freedom of Information/Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Courageous_Voice_for_Press_Freedom_and_Independence_in Russia⠀⇛ I and my late husband, Stephen Cohen, first met Dmitrii Muratov in 1993. He and a few other colleagues had gathered in the basement cafeteria of Moscow News—then a bold newspaper of the glasnost era—to plan the launch of Novaya Gazeta. Survival was on their minds at that time; they were beginning the paper with two computers, one printer, two rooms—and no money for salaries. A few months later, an initial boost of support came from President Mikhail Gorbachev, who contributed part of his 1990 Nobel Peace Prize money to buy the newspaper its first computers. # ⚓ Filipina_Journalist_Maria_Ressa_Wins_Nobel_Peace_Prize After_Facing_Years_of_Threats_&_Arrests⠀⇛ The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded Friday morning to Filipina journalist Maria Ressa and Russian newspaper editor Dmitry Muratov for their work to “safeguard freedom of expression.” Ressa has repeatedly been arrested by the government of Rodrigo Duterte for the groundbreaking work of her news site Rappler, which has exposed Duterte’s deadly war on drugs that has killed tens of thousands. “The Nobel Peace Prize committee realized a world without facts means a world without truth,” said Ressa today after winning the prize. We reair a 2019 interview when Ressa came into the Democracy Now! studio. # ⚓ Deathly_Silence:_Journalists_Who_Mocked_Assange_Have Nothing_to_Say_About_CIA_Plans_to_Kill_Him⠀⇛ Yahoo! News (9/26/21) published a bombshell report detailing the US Central Intelligence Agency’s “secret war plans against WikiLeaks,” including clandestine plots to kill or kidnap publisher Julian Assange while he took refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy in London. # ⚓ End_the_1917_Espionage_Act⠀⇛ Note the flavor of contempt for “naturalized citizens” — i.e, immigrants seen as infiltrators. Assange is not an American, so how he can be tried under that law will be fleshed out by lawyers in the future. In the meantime, as if acknowledging this fact, the US, such as Mike Pompeo have publicly called him a “”non-state hostile intelligence service.” This makes him drone- eligible; he is being seen here by the US government as a terrorist, the reasoning for his kill not far removed from the thinking that went into Obama killing US citizens  Anwar al-Awlaki, and, later, his 16 year old son Abdulrahman al- Awlaki (and other unnamed children), and, under Trump, an 8 year old Awlaki girl, Nawar al-Awlaki. That’s what we are now prepared to do to American citizens — Hellfire missile them to death. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Roe_v._Wade_at_a_Crossroads:_Can_It_Prevail_for_the_Common Good?⠀⇛ Brief Historical Perspective The recently enacted Texas law banning abortion after 6 weeks gestation, even in cases of rape and incest, represents the latest battle in the long war on women being waged by conservative Republicans in this country against women’s reproductive rights. Roe v. Wade, adopted in 1973, was a break-through law ensuring that women could terminate their pregnancy at any point up to “viability”, about 24 weeks. States could restrict or prohibit abortion after that time, but exceptions must be made to preserve “the life or health of the woman.” # ⚓ Marx_and_Feminism⠀⇛ What does Marx have to say to feminists? More to the point, what do feminists have to say to Marx? Well, quite a lot, as any reader of Sylvia Federici’s new book, The Patriarchy of the Wage, can tell you. Granted, a main reason Marx ignored domestic work was that in his time he saw women in factories toiling such long hours that they, in fact, did no domestic work. That changed later in the nineteenth century, as the ruling class became alarmed about the proles’ ability to reproduce themselves, something emaciated people, worked to death before age 30, with no time for childcare, no less breast-feeding, whose offspring starved on their pathetic diet of commercial elixirs, could not do. With the shift from light textile to heavy, iron and coal, industry, the bourgeoisie instituted the patriarchy of the wage, namely, booting women out of factories, shortening hours but intensifying the work and paying men enough to support a family. Thus the upper class reproduced its nuclear family model in the working class. In so doing, it lengthened some working-class lifespans and decreased infant mortality. So some might say that, oppressive as all this was, it became, objectively, an improvement. But not Federici. In this new scheme, the thrifty housewife tended home, children and her husband’s sexual needs. This labor, done by half of humanity, escaped Marx’s notice – again, partly because, for a while, he had observed women workers not doing it. But domestic work and care-giving occupy billions of people. It is unwaged work, as was the plantation toil of slaves and much of the moil of campesinos in Latin America. As Federici argues, the white male working class, whose cause Marx championed, forms but a sliver of a much larger agglomeration of laborers who produce the goods and people our world depends on. And many of those laborers work for no pay. # ⚓ Financial_Titans,_Top_Brands_Implicated_in_Probe_of ‘Devastating’_Palm_Oil_Industry_Abuses⠀⇛ From the use of child labor and beatings of locals to the destruction of “climate-critical rainforest,” an investigative report published Thursday exposes how the abuse of people and the planet by Papua New Guinea’s palm oil sector has direct ties to global financiers and major household brands. “It is increasingly urgent that governments legislate to prevent supply chains and global financiers bankrolling deforestation and human rights abuses.” # ⚓ Philadelphia:_The_Gentrification_of_Progressive_Politics⠀⇛ Toward this question, it is valuable to begin by anchoring an understanding of the collapse of the West and specifically America, the declining imperial superpower which is today cracking under its own contradictions. Freed from the ideological shackles of assumptions of western imperial rule, one is then able to develop possibilities of new political realignments and new moral principles. In 2020 the crisis of America was captured by three historic phenomena: the Covid-19 pandemic, presidential election and widespread national protest. The interaction of these forces represented shifting political alignments and must be understood in order to “save the soul of America” as the Civil Rights Movement strove to do. These complex dynamics must be understood by any genuine progressive who seeks to change society. They can be uniquely understood in Philadelphia, the country’s poorest big city which is 42% black, and a fertile ground of political struggle and conflict. # ⚓ Racial_Justice_Vs._The_Israel_Lobby:_When_Being_Pro- Palestine_Becomes_the_New_Normal⠀⇛ Recent events at the US House of Representatives clearly demonstrate this unprecedented reality. On September 21, Democratic lawmakers successfully rejected a caveat that proposes to give Israel $1 billion in military funding as part of a broader spending bill, after objections from several progressive Congress members. The money was specifically destined to fund the purchase of new batteries and interceptors for Israel’s Iron Dome missile defense system. Two days later, the funding of the Iron Dome was reintroduced and, this time, it has successfully, and overwhelmingly, passed with a vote of 420 to 9, despite passionate pleas by Palestinian-American Representative, Rashida Tlaib. # ⚓ Girl_Scouts_Against_the_World⠀⇛ Mobile, Ala.—MacKenzie Brackett, 14, held up a toothbrush ready for transformation. “We’re going to finish up our robotics badge by making a toothbrush robot,” she announced to four fellow members of Mobile, Ala.’s Girl Scout Troop 8274 in June. Under her khaki uniform vest MacKenzie wore a T-shirt featuring the periodic table, with the slogan periodically i’m sarcastic.This story about Girl Scouts was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for Hechinger’s newsletter. # ⚓ 220+_Groups_Blast_Biden_Plan_to_Expand_‘Harmful,_Abusive, and_Unjust’_ICE_Prisons⠀⇛ More than 220 human rights groups on Friday sent a letter to U.S. President Joe Biden and Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas expressing their outrage over the administration’s plans to reopen and expand immigration detention centers in violation of the president’s campaign promises. “We call on President Biden and DHS to reverse course and immediately end private immigration detention, while moving aggressively towards the abolition of all immigration detention.” # ⚓ Blowing_the_Whistle_at_Facebook⠀⇛ And the laundry in question proved to be bountiful, with internal company documents running into the thousands showing a fruit salad range of mendacity, deception and approaches to combating hate, violence and misinformation on its platform. The Wall Street Journal capitalised. Before the Senate Commerce Subcommittee on Consumer Production, Product Safety, and Data Security, Frances Haugen, who revealed her identity on October 3, elaborated. Lawmakers were certainly more pleased with Haugen’s frankness, a far cry from the testimony of Facebook global head of Safety, Antigone Davis, who gave little away the week prior. # ⚓ Lost_Horizons⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘It’s_the_Demeaning_Treatment,_but_Also_the_Failure_to_Take Action’⠀⇛ Janine Jackson interviewed Jane Manning about gender-based violence for the October 1, 2021, episode of CounterSpin. This is a lightly edited transcript. # ⚓ Vice-President_Harris:_It’s_Your_Turn_to_Step_Up_for Immigrant_Rights⠀⇛ More than at any time in the recent past, Congress and the Biden administration have the means to open a path to citizenship to millions of undocumented residents who have been living in, and contributing to, this nation for many years. These residents include DACA recipients who were brought here as children; millions of individuals working in such essential fields as agriculture, health, construction; and people living in the U.S. under Temporary Protected Status for humanitarian reasons. # ⚓ Immigration_Cruelty_Extends_Far_Beyond_the_Border⠀⇛ Given this reaction, you could be forgiven for thinking that abuse like this isn’t normal for Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) or Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). But those of us who live in border states can tell you: It is. The CBP agents who were chasing down Haitian migrants were “following routine protocol,” explained the migrant rights group No More Deaths. “Border Patrol attacks migrants (on horseback and otherwise) every day in the remote desert, away from the cameras.” # ⚓ Canadian_Christians_And_Secularists_Contest_Including_God’s Name_in_the_Un_Charter_of_1948_and_the_Canadian_Charter_of 1982⠀⇛ The state was still partially confessional in nature; and in the fascinating social learning process in the few years before the UN Charter was finally drafted, Canadian political and religious elites took it for granted that Canadian society could be identified as “Christian.” In his speech to the Canadian parliament on 8 September 1939, PM Mackenzie King extolled a “civilization based upon the Christian conception of the brotherhood of man with its regard for the sanctity of contractual relations and the sacredness of human personality” (cited, p. 2). King had already translated Christian notions into the publicly accessible notions of the “brotherhood of man” and “contractual relations.” During the historically-significant creation of the UN Charter of Human Rights in 1948, Canadian churches participated vigorously in the “background culture” (Rawls) or “civil society” (Habermas). Egerton (2004) says that they “played a vital national and international role in shaping opinion, articulating political values, and influencing policy” (p. 1). The secularization of Canadian society was well underway, but the separation of church and state, while evident, assumed that Canada was a Christian pluralist society whose citizenry was distributed throughout Roman Catholicism and Protestant churches. Canada was not yet fully religiously pluralist in sensibility. But the authority of religion had not yet receded into private and interior spaces. Moreover, the separation of the different domains (science, art, morality), while evident as well, was rejected by most Canadian Christian leaders and politicians (particularly the idea that morality could be separated from the affirmation of human rights). Habermas’ idea of the “linguistification of the sacred”—in the aftermath of WW II—was a repellant notion to those who wanted the first article of the UN Charter to name “God” as the foundation of human rights and anchor them on a solid religious moral foundation.  Some thirty years later, the brilliant Liberal Catholic PM Pierre Trudeau didn’t “think God gives a damn whether he’s in the constitution or not” (cited, Egerton, 2000, p. 90). # ⚓ Opinion_|_The_Biden_Administration_Must_Reverse_Course_on Immigration_Detention_and_Private_Prisons⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘So_Many_Reasons_to_Rejoice’:_Biden_to_Restore_Monuments Gutted_by_Trump⠀⇛ With the enthusiastic support of Indigenous leaders and conservation groups, President Joe Biden on Friday is set to use his executive power to fully restore protections to a trio of beloved national monuments that the Trump administration rolled back in a giveaway to corporate interests, including the oil and gas industry. “Through this action, the history of our people, our culture, and religion will be preserved for future generations.” # ⚓ Liberal_Pleas_for_“Unity”_Legitimize_the_Virulent_Politics of_the_Far_Right⠀⇛ # ⚓ Family_of_Henrietta_Lacks_Files_Lawsuit_over_Use_of_Stolen Cells,_Lambasts_Racist_Medical_System⠀⇛ The family of Henrietta Lacks has filed a lawsuit against biotech company Thermo Fisher Scientific for making billions in profit from the “HeLa” cell line. Henrietta Lacks was an African American patient at Johns Hopkins University Hospital. Doctors kept her tissue samples without her consent for experimental studies while treating her for cervical cancer in 1951. Benjamin Crump, one of the lawyers for the case, filed 70 years after her death, calls Henrietta Lacks a “cornerstone of modern medicine,” as her cells have since played a part in cancer research, the polio vaccine and even COVID-19 vaccines. Ron Lacks, author and grandson of Henrietta Lacks, laments the fact that the family was never notified when his grandmother died, and that part of what motivates the lawsuit is to ensure “no other family should ever go through this.” # ⚓ “Until_I_Am_Free”:_Keisha_Blain_on_the_Enduring_Legacy_of Voting_Rights_Pioneer_Fannie_Lou_Hamer⠀⇛ As Republican lawmakers attempt to make it harder to vote in states across the country, we look at the life and legacy of Fannie Lou Hamer, the civil rights pioneer who helped organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. Historian Keisha Blain writes about Hamer in her new book, “Until I Am Free: Fannie Lou Hamer’s Enduring Message to America.” In addition to fighting for voting rights, Hamer challenged state-sanctioned violence and medical racism that Black women faced. Blain based the book’s title on a frequent saying of Fannie Lou Hamer’s: “Whether you are Black or white, you are not free until I am free.” # ⚓ This_Is_How_You_Smack_Down_Texas’s_Abortion_Ban⠀⇛ It is difficult to explain the extent to which Texas’s Senate Bill 8—which bans abortions after six weeks of gestation and empowers private bounty hunters to sue anyone who “aids and abets” an abortion—is unconstitutional and lawless. Even calling the law “unconstitutional” is like calling the Marianas Trench “deep”: It’s true, but it fails to capture the abysmal quality of the thing. I feel I lack the vocabulary to describe how bad SB 8 is, but US District Judge Robert Pitman gave it a try. On Wednesday, he ordered a temporary injunction suspending enforcement of SB 8 and dedicated 113 pages to explaining why. # ⚓ WhatsApp_to_Libya:_How_Frontex_uses_a_trick_to_circumvent international_law⠀⇛ The EU is not allowed to return refugees to countries where they face persecution. In 2017, the Commission therefore set up a backdoor for refoulement to North Africa. Published text messages now reveal how Frontex is providing aerial reconnaissance for the Libyan coast guard. # ⚓ Black_Children_Were_Jailed_for_a_Crime_That_Doesn’t_Exist. Almost_Nothing_Happened_to_the_Adults_in_Charge.⠀⇛ Friday, April 15, 2016: Hobgood Elementary School, Murfreesboro, Tennessee Three police officers were crowded into the assistant principal’s office at Hobgood Elementary School, and Tammy Garrett, the school’s principal, had no idea what to do. One officer, wearing a tactical vest, was telling her: Go get the kids. A second officer was telling her: Don’t go get the kids. The third officer wasn’t saying anything. # ⚓ Family_of_Henrietta_Lacks_Sues_Over_Racist_Theft_of_Cells for_Biotech_Profit⠀⇛ # ⚓ Lisa_Graves_on_the_Fight_for_the_Post_Office,_Stevana_Sims on_Saving_Anti-Racist_Education⠀⇛ # ⚓ Dave_Zirin⠀⇛ # ⚓ Court_Tells_Child_Sexual_Abuse_Investigators_That_The Private_Search_Warrant_Exception_Only_Works_When_There’s_A Private_Search⠀⇛ Private searches that uncover contraband can be handed off to law enforcement without the Fourth Amendment getting too involved. Restrictions apply, of course. For instance, a tech repairing a computer may come across illicit images and give that information to law enforcement, which can use what was observed in the search as the basis for a search warrant. # ⚓ Boko_Haram_Takes_Over_Niger_Communities,_Orders_Residents To_Marry_Off_Their_Daughters_At_Age_12⠀⇛ Boko Haram has allegedly taken over communities in Shiroro Local Government Area of Niger State and ordered residents to marry off their daughters at the age of 12. # ⚓ Custody_of_a_14-Year-Old_Christian_in_Pakistan_Awarded_to Her_Abductor_by_High_Court⠀⇛ According to Morning Star News, the Lahore High Court in Pakistan refused to return a 14-year-old Christian girl to her family after she was abducted, forcefully converted to Islam, and forcefully married to her abductor. In refusing to return the girl to her family, the judge effectively ruled that the conversion to Islam superseded Pakistan’s laws against child marriage and statutory rape. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ FCC’s_‘New’_Robocall_Plan_Isn’t_Particularly_New,_Won’t Seriously_Reduce_Robocalls⠀⇛ So for a long time the FCC has made “fighting robocalls” one of their top priorities. Though with Americans still receiving 132 million Robocalls every single day, you may have noticed that these efforts don’t usually have the impact they claim. Headlines about “historic” or “record” FCC robocall fines usually overshadow the agency’s pathetic failure to collect on those fines, or the fact that thanks to recent Supreme Court rulings, the agency is boxed in as to which kind of annoying calls and spam texts it can actually police. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ Opinion_|_After_Whistleblower_Revelations,_It’s_Time_to Unfriend_Facebook⠀⇛ Facebook has grown into a planet-wide, $1 trillion company that allows people to connect online with family and friends, sharing photos and “liking” the posts of others. Beneath this benign façade lies a vast network where Facebook profits by promoting discord, violence, human trafficking and by driving young people, especially girls, into a self- loathing that can spiral into depression and suicide. Facebook knows all this. A trove of leaked internal Facebook documents led to a recent series of explosive exposés by the Wall Street Journal. On Sunday, the whistleblower who released the documents, Frances Haugen, appeared on CBS’ “60 Minutes,” then, on Tuesday, went before a Senate Commerce subcommittee. # ⚓ What_the_Facebook_Whistleblower_Tells_Us_About_Big_Tech⠀⇛ In her testimony, Haugen explained that at Facebook, metrics are king. Facebook’s “growth division” works to increase “user engagement,” and it succeeds.  This is a circular process: Facebook identifies content that users “engage” with and promotes it, leading to more engagement. Facebook’s automated systems don’t evaluate what is being engaged with – they just identify and rank materials by engagement itself. So, according to Haugen, the automated scoring system will rank successful bullying as “engaging” alongside anything else that garners a lot of attention.  Politicians who make extreme statements get more engagement, and are therefore ranked higher by Facebook, and are therefore seen by more Facebook users. It’s not like Facebook could discriminate between “good” and “bad” content even if it wanted to. Haugen says the “AI”  Facebook uses to evaluate content is bad at posts in English and worse at posts in other languages. Facebook “focused on scale over safety” and “chooses profit over safety.” These aren’t mere priorities—they are reflected in the incentives Facebook offers to its engineers, designers and product managers, whose bonuses are tied to the quantity of  “meaningful social interactions” (AKA “engagement”) their products generate. # ⚓ Apple_Seeks_to_Delay_Ruling_Loosening_Its_Grip_on_App Store⠀⇛ The iPhone maker gave notice Friday that will appeal a judge’s ruling in its fight with Epic Games Inc. ordering the Cupertino, California-based company to stop blocking developers from letting users complete in-app purchases on the web. It also asked the judge to put her Dec. 9 deadline for App Store rule changes on hold during the appeal, which if allowed could keep business as usual for Apple for at least a year. # ⚓ Apple_is_appealing_the_Epic_Games_ruling_it_originally called_a_‘resounding_victory’⠀⇛ As part of the appeal, Apple is asking for a stay to prevent the company from having to implement the new anti-steering rules, arguing that it “will allow Apple to protect consumers and safeguard its platform while the company works through the complex and rapidly evolving legal, technological, and economic issues.” And the company’s arguments there are pretty revealing if we’re reading the document right. # ⚓ Apple_appeals_the_Epic_Games_ruling,_asks_for_stay_on_order to_(sightly)_loosen_App_Store_restrictions_–_Liliputing⠀⇛ Apple is appealing a court ruling from September that would have required it to allow iPhone and iPad app developers to accept in-app payments using third-party payment systems. Currently not only does Apple require developers to use Apple’ own in-app payment service, with Apple taking a 30% commission on all purchases, but the company prevents developers from even mentioning in the app that there might be another way to pay. Apple does plan to soften its stance on that next year for some apps next year, but not for games. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Locast_Shuts_Down,_As_Yet_Again_A_Bad_Interpretation Of_Copyright_Law_Makes_The_World_Worse⠀⇛ A few weeks ago I woke up one day to find the Lake Tahoe region on fire and the New York region underwater. Meanwhile the Supreme Court had just upended decades if not centuries of Constitutional law. But I could learn about none of it from watching local news because Locast had shut down overnight following a dreadful decision by a district court a few days before. # ⚓ Pirate_IPTV_Lawsuit_Could’ve_Led_to_Millions_in Damages,_Judge_Says_$14,000⠀⇛ In 2019, the alleged operators of popular ‘pirate’ IPTV service IPGuys were sued by DISH Network in the US. If the lawsuit had gone the broadcaster’s way, it could’ve ended with a damages award in the millions but after more than two years of litigation, a judge has awarded just $14,000 and declined an injunction. # ⚓ VPN_Hosting_Company_Settles_Copyright_Lawsuit_by Blocking_Pirate_Sites⠀⇛ Hosting provider Sharktech has settled a copyright lawsuit filed by several movie companies. The service stood accused of failing to take action against VPN providers, some of whose subscribers were pirating films. As part of the settlement, Sharktech agreed to block prominent pirate sites including ‘Pirate Bay,’ ‘YTS’, and ‘RARBG’. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4051 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 10.09.21⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_10/10/2021:_Androic_Catchup,_LibreOffice_Conference_2021_in_Hamburg⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 7:26 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Marquita_Wiggins_is_Developing_her_Open_Source_Graphic Design_Program:_Designy⠀⇛ The Unleash Your Potential Program provides a System76 computer to six winners for accelerating the completion of their next project. This week, we interviewed Marquita Wiggins, who is in the early stages of developing her open source Canva alternative, Designy. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Compress_Your_SVGs,_Save_Space_With_SVGCleaner_– Invidious⠀⇛ SVGs are a great way to create images that can be infinitely scaled but due to how they work it’s very easy to have an SVG file that is considerably larger than it ever needs to be but luckily they’re also very easy to compress. # ⚓ I’m_Now_A_Distro_Maintainer_–_Invidious⠀⇛ I’ve promised a Linux From Scratch series for a very long time and I’ve kept putting it off but we’re finally here and I’m finally ready to hate my life. # ⚓ KDE_DEVLOG:_Understanding_Plasma’s_Panels_–_Kockatoo_Tube⠀⇛ # ⚓ BSDNow_423:_RACK_the_Stack⠀⇛ FreeBSD serves Netflix Video at 400Gb/s, Using the RACK TCP stack, an OpenBSD script to update packages fast, Plasma System Monitor and FreeBSD, TrueNAS vs FreeNAS (and why you should upgrade!), auto lock screen on OpenBSD using xidle and xlock, and more. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Soul_of_the_Movement:_30_Years_of_Linux_(Part_2)⠀⇛ The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), a free software and mass collaboration project that Richard Stallman released in September of ’83 is still around, but a competitor has emerged called LLVM. (LLVM is a collection of modular and reusable compiler and toolchain technologies, which has proliferated into an umbrella project consisting of several subprojects, many of which are being used in production by a wide variety of commercial and open source projects -the C compiler portion is called Plane). The Linux kernel was formerly compiled on GCC but can now be compiled LLVM. “GCC forked for a decade and it turned into the compiler egcs,” VMware Open Source Engineer Steven Rostedt says. “Together again as one compiler-now, that’s the power of open source! And as long as there’s one person maintaining it, it lives. It doesn’t depend on one company or funding. That’s why I love open source.” GNU C Library (glibc) The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc, is the GNU Project’s implementation of the C standard library. It was started in the 1980s by the Free Software Foundation for the GNU operating system. Most applications link to glibc. “C is still popular for systems programming,” Rostedt says, “and it’s compiler is written in C. C is flexible and robust because there’s nothing hindering you. I like to think of it this way: with great power comes great responsibility-that’s C. But no one wants to program in it because it’s very dangerous; it doesn’t protect you from hurting yourself-security and overflow bugs are commonplace. If you’ve written more than a hundred lines of code, you can bet there’s a bug in it.” # ⚓ How_did_30-year-old_Linux_invade_world?⠀⇛ The hobby-based tinkering that was born out of a frustration with the shortcomings of the Minix system had generated the first version of the Linux operating system by 17th September. It was only 65 kilobytes and comprised some 10,000 lines of Torvalds’ code. Linux is based on open source code that can be modified by anyone. In comparison, the current Linux 5.14 contains over 3.3 million lines of code. # ⚓ Google_plans_to_use_regular_Linux_kernel_for_Android_– itsfoss.net⠀⇛ Google plans to change the process of preparing the Linux kernel for Android. Currently, before the kernel is ready for use on the target Android device, a number of actions are performed on it. The circuit looks something like this: LTS Kernel Linux → Android Common Kernel → Vendor Kernel → OEM/Device Kernel First, Google creates a fork of the regular LTS Linux kernel, then a lot of patches that are specific to Android phones are applied to it. Thus, the core is obtained – Android Common. Then chip makers like Qualcomm, Samsung or MediaTek fork Android Common and form the Vendor Kernel for their chips. Then the OEM / Device Kernel is formed from the Vendor Kernel for hardware support for a specific device. Thus, before the initial kernel reaches the final state, you have to go a long way in applying patches and other preparatory actions. This process can be delayed for a long time, you have to solve a lot of problems, catch errors, and conduct testing cycles. # ⚓ Intel_Begins_Preparing_Linux_Graphics_Driver_For_Multi-Tile Hardware_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Intel has been preparing Xe HP bring-up for many months already including fundamental work around their discrete graphics/accelerator support for their Linux graphics driver stack going back quite a while. On the Xe HP front, Friday afternoon brought an important patch series posted for the first time: initial work around multi-tile support. Intel Xe HP / Ponte Vecchio introduces the notion of a multi-tile / chiplet design. So far the Intel Linux graphics driver has only been built around a single tile design but the patches sent out on Friday afternoon begin the infrastructure changes in the i915 kernel DRM driver to support multiple tiles. # ⚓ AMD_DisplayPort_Thunderbolt_Tunneling_driver_already available_in_latest_Linux_kernel_patches,_USB4_support finally_coming_in_early_2022_–_NotebookCheck.net_News⠀⇛ New Linux graphics kernel patches with USB4 DisplayPort Tunneling are now available from AMD. The tunneling feature allows the USB, DisplayPort and PCIe transfer protocols to operate simultaneously by sharing the available bandwidth. For now, only the DisplayPort 1.4 specs are supported with AMD’s tunneling drivers. Hopefully, DisplayPort 2.0 specs could be added by the time AMD introduces its next gen embedded and laptop solutions in early 2022. [...] Phoronix reports that the latest AMD GPU kernel graphics driver for Linux includes mentions of USB4 DisplayPort tunneling. This is a new feature specific to the USB4 standard that ties directly to the Thunderbolt 3 standard. It allows multiple protocols like USB, DisplayPort and PCIe to operate at the same time, although with restricted bandwidth. USB4 also supports alt modes that target the full bandwidth at a specific protocol. For instance, the DisplayPort 2.0 protocol supported now by USB4 can use up to 80 Gbps bandwidth to enable 8K resolutions at 60 Hz with HDR10 color gamut. However, the AMD Linux driver currently only supports DisplayPort 1.4 tunneling through Thunderbolt 3, which limits the available bandwidth to well under 40 Gbps, yet this solution may still be helpful when using a USB dock. # ⚓ It_Appears_FUTEX2_Will_Land_For_Linux_5.16_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ Barring any last minute reservations it appears the initial “FUTEX2″ work that is of much interest to Linux gamers enjoying Steam Play / Proton will find that kernel functionality in Linux 5.16. The FUTEX2 work was slimmed down this year to focus just on the WaitForMultipleObjects-type behavior as offered by Windows. Those patches in turn were picked up for tip/tip.git’s “locking/core” branch. With it now hitting this Git branch, it makes it almost definite that it will be found in the next merge window (Linux 5.16) barring any problems creeping up that would cause a revert. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_MicroK8s_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MicroK8s on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, MicroK8s is a lightweight upstream Kubernetes distribution package to run as an immutable container. MicroK8s follows upstream Kubernetes releases and focuses on providing an effortless installation and management experience. Here’s how to get started running your own cluster. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the MicroK8s on Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 18.04, 16.04, and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint. # ⚓ Installing_Linux_5.14_Kernel_on_Debian_11_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ The kernel plays a significant role, and although the kernel is pretty fresh in Debian 11, chances are it won’t suit you for some reason. Moreover, the 5.14 kernel contains many changes that are likely to affect Debian for the better. Of the main changes in the 5.14 kernel, we can note improved support for AMD Ryzen processors, the btrfs file system has been optimized, for Lenovo laptops a added WMI interface for changing BIOS settings has been , support for Dell Hardware Privacy, and support for Intel Alder Lake P graphics has been added in the 5.14 kernel and much more, At the end of the article, consider the moment when you want to install Debian 11 with a default kernel that does not support modern hardware. # ⚓ Install_and_use_NMCLI_tool_on_Debian_Linux_– kifarunix.com⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we provide a step by step guide on how to install and use NMCLI tool on Debian Linux. # ⚓ Everyday_admin:_learning_from_a_near-disaster_with_Ceph⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_install_Gfortran_9,_10_or_11_on_Ubuntu_20.04_LTS_– Linux_Shout⠀⇛ Let’s see the commands that we can use to install Gfortran 5/6/7/8/9/10/11 versions on Ubuntu 18.04/ 20.04/21.04, Linux Mint, Debian, and other similar systems. FORTRAN is the abbreviation of Formula Translation. This high-level language was designed for science, engineering problems, or those problems in enterprise management that can be expressed by mathematical formulas, and its numerical calculation function is strong. It was proposed in 1954 and officially used in 1956. It has a history of sixty years until 2021, but it is still enduring. It has always been the main language used in the field of numerical computing. However, it has also been an object- oriented programming language since 2003, which is used in particular for numerical calculations in science, technology, and research. The GNU version of Fortran is known as GFortran, a GNU Fortran compiler, which is part of the free GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) for Fortran 95/2003/2008/ 2018. Learn more about it on Wikipedia. Here we will learn the steps to install GFortran’s latest version on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Focal fossa to start learning this programming language # ⚓ How_To_Install_Duf_Disk_Utility_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Duf Disk Utility on Debian 11. For those of you who didn’t know, Duf (disk usage/free) is a command- line utility to find disk usage in Linux and Unix systems. One of the excellent features of Duf is its ability to display the disk usage details in a beautiful, user-friendly layout in tab form. You can even get the disk usage output in JSON format as well. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you through the step-by- step installation of Duf Disk Utility on a Debian 11 (Bullseye). # ⚓ How_to_Enable_Dark_Mode_in_Web_Browser⠀⇛ This guide is about guiding you how to enable dark mode in popular web browsers such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Chromium and Microsoft Edge. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Wine_6.19_is_out_new_with_more_joystick_work,_more_modules converted_to_PE⠀⇛ The Wine 6.19 development release is out now following more weeks of hacking away trying to create the best possible Windows compatibility layer. Part of what makes up Steam Play Proton. Once a year or so, a new stable release is made. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Moves_To_GitLab-Based_CI,_Lands_More_Plasma Wayland_Fixes⠀⇛ KDE developers remain very busy squashing bugs ahead of the release of Plasma 5.23 that is also known as the Plasma 25th Anniversary Edition. One of the most fundamental changes this week is KDE now making use of GitLab continuous integration. But aside from that plenty of Plasma 5.23 bug fixing continues, especially on the KDE Plasma Wayland front where there continues to be many issues resolved each and every week. Some of the highlights for this week include… # ⚓ KDE_Ships_Frameworks_5.87.0⠀⇛ KDE today announces the release of KDE Frameworks 5.87.0. KDE Frameworks are 83 addon libraries to Qt which provide a wide variety of commonly needed functionality in mature, peer reviewed and well tested libraries with friendly licensing terms. For an introduction see the KDE Frameworks release announcement. This release is part of a series of planned monthly releases making improvements available to developers in a quick and predictable manner. # ⚓ KDE_Gear_21.08.2_adds_more_fixes⠀⇛ KDE Gear 21.08.2 is the second bug fix update for the latest stable version of this package of various software components and libraries for the KDE Plasma desktop environment and its applications. In addition to bug fixes, users can expect improvements to the functionality of several applications that are part of KDE. The Okular Document Viewer has received an update, after which it uses automatic settings for forced rasterization if required to change the scale of the document when printing. Kate’s text editor also received a fix that addresses the poor stability of the Replicode plugin, and the Dolphin file manager should no longer have problems with split views even when closing and restarting them. Several minor fixes have also been added for the Konqueror web browser or the Konsole application. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ Disabling_the_Nouveau_open-source_Nvidia_driver_to use_the_proprietary_driver_in_OpenSUSE_Leap_15.3⠀⇛ Recently, I decided that I wanted to give OpenSUSE a try, as it’s been nearly ten years since I ran it on my home system for any longer than an hour or two for testing purposes, and I have fond memories of it’s stability, great implementation of the KDE Plasma desktop environment, and the super supportive community behind it. So, I stuck the Leap 15.3 ISO on a flash drive, booted into the live environment, and installed it; it went without a hitch and was easy as can be. But, before we get into the issue I faced, and the resolution, let’s look at some details. While not overly challenging for the linux- experienced, something like this might be enough to throw a new user completely for a loop and scare them off using an amazing system like OpenSUSE. Thankfully, YaST is powerful, easy to use, and there is plenty of OpenSUSE related documentation available online too! # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ IBM_Proposing_A_CPU_Namespace_For_The_Linux_Kernel_– Phoronix⠀⇛ IBM engineer Pratik Sampat published an early prototype of a CPU namespace interface for the Linux kernel. This CPU namespace was devised to address coherency issues with current means of viewing available CPU resources as well as addressing possible security issues stemming from understanding resource access/positioning on the system. # ⚓ A_Pandemic_Is_Fundamentally_an_Information_Problem [Ed: What an absolutely dumb thing for former IBM chief to say; this is how_IBM_profits_from_COVID-19_right now, tracking_people]⠀⇛ A few weeks ago I attended a very interesting online seminar, Economics in the Age of Covid-19, by University of Toronto professor Joshua Gans. Over the past 18 months, professor Gans has been conducting research and writing extensively on the impact of Covid-19, including a number of articles, a newsletter, and two books. His key thesis is that a pandemic is fundamentally an information problem. If you know that someone you interact with is potentially infectious, you can take actions to limit the interactions. However, if you have to guess whether a person is infectious, you’re taking a risk. Not only can you become infected, but you might also pass that infection on to others. [...] In his seminar, Gans cited the 2002 SARS outbreak in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan and the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea as examples of pandemics that were quickly contained. With SARS and MERS, people only became infectious when they developed a fever, cough, and other easily identifiable flu-like symptoms. Anyone suspected of being infected could thus be quickly isolated before infecting many others. This made it possible to contain the SARS and MERS viruses within a few short months, and to suppress them completely a few months later. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Updated_Debian_10:_10.11_released⠀⇛ The Debian project is pleased to announce the eleventh update of its oldstable distribution Debian 10 (codename buster). This point release mainly adds corrections for security issues, along with a few adjustments for serious problems. Security advisories have already been published separately and are referenced where available. Please note that the point release does not constitute a new version of Debian 10 but only updates some of the packages included. There is no need to throw away old buster media. After installation, packages can be upgraded to the current versions using an up- to-date Debian mirror. # ⚓ Debian_—_News_—_Updated_Debian_11:_11.1_released⠀⇛ The Debian project is pleased to announce the first update of its stable distribution Debian 11 (codename bullseye). This point release mainly adds corrections for security issues, along with a few adjustments for serious problems. Security advisories have already been published separately and are referenced where available. Please note that the point release does not constitute a new version of Debian 11 but only updates some of the packages included. There is no need to throw away old bullseye media. After installation, packages can be upgraded to the current versions using an up- to-date Debian mirror. # ⚓ Debian_11.1_Released_With_Initial_Batch_Of_Fixes⠀⇛ Debian 11 “Bullseye” debuted back in August as the latest major release for this popular community Linux distribution. Today it’s been succeeded by Debian 11.1. As usual with Debian point releases, Debian 11.1 is just a collection of updated packages primarily providing various bug and security fixes to the platform. There are some new upstream stable release packages like a newer Linux 5.10 point release but for the most part the changes are relatively mundane aside from the security work and unless you were impacted by any of the bugs. # ⚓ Sparky:_Kotatogram_Desktop⠀⇛ There is a new application available for Sparkers: Kotatogram Desktop # ⚓ EasyOS:_Dropbear_ssh_server_and_client_compiled⠀⇛ # ⚓ gtk-vnc_compiled_for_EasyOS⠀⇛ # ⚓ x11vnc_remote_X11_VNC_server_compiled⠀⇛ # ⚓ EasyOS:_Google_forcing_us_to_use_gmail_in_standard mode⠀⇛ Right from the early days of gmail, I have used it in “basic html view”. However, recently it has been coming up in “standard view”, and despite trying to set it back to basic html view, persists in coming up in standard view. [....] …it seems, gmail looks at the user-agent string, and does not recognise Brave browser. Feedback at the above link says changing the user-agent string in Brave to Chrome* fixes it. There is a fix, if you want to force basic html view, it can be specified in the URL. A couple of sites give this URL, and I even found it recommended at a Google help site: https://mail.google.com/?ui=html …works for me, but some people are reporting that it only works “sometimes”. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux_Mint_20.3_will_come_at_the_end_of_the_year⠀⇛ The developers of the Linux Mint distribution published another of their summary reports on the development of the last month, in which they presented some interesting news, the completion of the project website or progress in their efforts to improve the design of the user environment. One of the good news is the announcement of the planned release date of Linux Mint 20.3 or preparations for the completion of LMDE 5. The new version of Linux Mint 20.3, codenamed Una, should be released later this year, more specifically around the Christmas holidays. As always, this version will offer its users a choice of three desktop environments Cinnamon, MATE and Xfce, including the necessary software package updates and other development news since the release of the last stable version. An edition of LMDE 5 is also being prepared, which will be based on the Debian 11 distribution with the Cinnamon desktop environment. Once again, users can expect new LMDE installation images for both amd64 and i386 processor architectures. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu-based_Pop!_OS_Spotted_on_Raspberry_Pi⠀⇛ The scent of a Raspberry Pi port can be traced to Twitter, where System76’s Principal Engineer and Pop!_OS maintainer Jeremy Soller recently posted a photo showing the 64 bit OS apparently running on a stock Raspberry Pi 400. More tellingly, he also shared a link to a repository full of Pop!_OS packages for ARM devices. For those not already familiar, Pop!_OS is an Ubuntu-based OS that’s free and open-source, with a custom Gnome desktop known as COSMIC. It’s maintained by System76, a computer builder operating out of Denver, Colorado, that sells laptops, desktops and servers, all with either Pop!_OS or Ubuntu installed. They’re quite keen on Linux there, it could be said. Pop!_OS is notable for its support of AMD and Nvidia GPUs with no additional tinkering, and its auto-tiling desktop, which fills your display with app windows. A tabbed, web-browser-like, look is also available, along with a complete set of keyboard shortcuts to move windows around. It has a 7.5% share of all Steam installations on Linux, according to the Steam Hardware Survey. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackers_And_China_|_Hackaday⠀⇛ The open source world and Chinese manufacturing have a long relationship. Some fifteen years ago, the big topic was how companies could open-source their hardware designs and not get driven bankrupt by competition from overseas. Companies like Sparkfun, Adafruit, Arduino, Maple Labs, Pololu, and many more demonstrated that this wasn’t impossible after all. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Samsung_Go_wireless_power_bank_brings_some_magnet magic_to_Android_phones_|_Yanko_Design⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_best_search_apps_for_Android_to_find_what_you_want –_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_Users_No_Longer_Have_to_Say_“Hey_Google”_to Access_Assistant_/_Digital_Information_World⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_12_Is_Adding_A_Bunch_Of_New_Features_For_Both Users_And_Admins_That_Can_Be_Implemented_In_A_Workplace Environment_/_Digital_Information_World⠀⇛ # ⚓ Blackview_updates_BV4900_series_:_BV4900s_with Android_11_and_better_CPU_–_Gizchina.com⠀⇛ # ⚓ 5_Top_Android_Apps_for_Young_Kids_to_Use_on_Their Parent’s_Smartphone⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_New_Games_for_Android_This_Week_–_Horror Brawl,_Dream_Park_Story_and_More_–_Droid_Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Kotlin_vs._Java:_Which_Is_Best_for_Developing_Android Apps?⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Karen_Sandler,_Outreachy_&_Debian_Money_in_Albania⠀⇛ We found the six Albanian/Kosovan women who received GSoC & Outreachy money, tickets to DebConf and many other events following the former leader around Europe. These are snapshots of their Github activity for the last 12 months. We decided not to write their names. We don’t want to vilify these women. We want to ask who decided to spend over $30,000 on them without any plan? # § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ New_and_Improved_Hacktoberfest_Now_Underway⠀⇛ Hacktoberfest 2021 is underway, and this year DigitalOcean has made updates to the event, starting with “maintainer-friendly rules” that include “allowing repos to opt-in to Hacktoberfest, ensuring only accepted pull requests count towards participants’ Hacktoberfest goals,” reports Mike Melanson. # ⚓ This_Week_in_Programming:_Hacktoberfest_Goes_Opt-In Only [Ed: Conflicts of interest noted]⠀⇛ With October suddenly upon us, it’s every open source maintainer’s favorite time of year – Hacktoberfest! [...] The New Stack is a wholly owned subsidiary of Insight Partners, an investor in the following companies mentioned in this article: MADE. Amazon Web Services and Gitlab are sponsors of The New Stack. # ⚓ Recap_of_the_Hybrid_LibreOffice_Conference_2021_in Hamburg⠀⇛ Recently, our LibreOffice Conference 2021 took place – and online, due to the ongoing pandemic situation. But some members of the German community organized a small “hybrid” event in Hamburg! # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Firefox_93_AVIF_support⠀⇛ The release of the Firefox 93 browser has taken place. Let’s consider the main changes in the new version. # ⚓ Mozilla_Thunderbird_91.2_Finally_Allows_OTA Upgrades_from_Thunderbird_78_or_Earlier⠀⇛ Thunderbird 91 was launched two months ago, but it wasn’t offered as an OTA (Over-the-Air) upgrade from Thunderbird 78 and earlier releases. After three minor point releases, Thunderbird 91.2 is here and enables support for OTA upgrades from earlier Thunderbird versions. Thunderbird 91.2 is also a minor update, bringing only the ability to use a unique filename when saving a single message in the .eml file format, as well as a bunch of bug fixes. But the major change in this release is the ability to upgrade from Thunderbird 78 and earlier versions without from within the app. # ⚓ Want_to_support_Firefox?_Great,_you’ll_have_no problem_with_personalised,_sponsored_search suggestions_then [Ed: Microsoft Tim writing about Mozilla becoming hardly better than Google, its main sponsor (and Microsoft is of course even worse)]⠀⇛ Mozilla is trialling personalised advertising in its Firefox Suggest feature, along with sponsored search results, with users told that it “helps fund Firefox development.” Firefox Suggest was first introduced last month in Firefox 92, billed as “a new discovery feature that is built directly into the browser.” The feature provides links as the user types in the search bar, which can be based on local browsing history, bookmarks and open tabs, or on “sponsored suggestions from vetted partners.” Currently, users outside the US only see these uncontentious local prompts. # § SaaS/Back End/Databases⠀➾ # ⚓ [Older]_Apache_Software_Foundation_updates_Drill_for broader_SQL_queries⠀⇛ The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) this week updated an open source Apache Drill tool that enables end users to query multiple data sources using SQL — without waiting for enterprise IT teams to create schemas and set up pipelines. # ⚓ New_Members_of_the_Community_Code_of_Conduct Committee [Ed: PostgreSQL puts engineering aside to focus on banning people, in particular people who have ‘strong’ views on corporations and might “offend” powerful people’s feelings. This focuses on gender and nationality, not anything technical or corporate (“The Committee is comprised of 4 women, 3 men, and 0 nonbinary individuals”). Creating quotas for “nonbinary individuals” means there’s a career incentive to change gender; that can propel people into positions of power just to meet diversity quotas. Criteria that would be more meaningful would be, works or does not work for large monopolist because it is well known what_harms Free_software_communities_the_most,_based_on_history. In the case of the Linux_Foundation , for instance, hiring for “diversity” has not prevented the Board being hijacked by Linux-hostile companies.]⠀⇛ The PostgreSQL Community Code of Conduct Committee welcomes three new members… # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Here’s_how_to_setup_your_own_Microsoft_365 alternative⠀⇛ Use Collabora Online to edit documents from within the web browser, à la Google Docs and Microsoft 365 # § FSF⠀➾ # § GNU Projects⠀➾ # ⚓ A_digital_dollar_CBDC_may_use_this_privacy preserving_design⠀⇛ During the dot-com boom, the technology contender for e-money was eCash from DigiCash, and this CBDC design is based on the ideas of its founder David Chaum and the successor to eCash, the open source GNU Taler. During the 1990s, DigiCash was piloted by Deutsche Bank and there were rumors of interest from Goldman Sachs, Visa, Microsoft and Netscape. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # § Perl/Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ gfldex:_Double_inspiration⠀⇛ Quite a few of the posts prior to this one where inspired by a post of fellow blogger. I would like to double down on that today. Vadim wrangled with symbols and Fabio enjoyed renaming them. Having struggled with packages in the past, Vadim’s post was very helpful in making me realise, .HOW is how I can get hold of the object that is the package. And if Perl can do it, there is surely no way to stop Raku to have the same capability. We want to re-export functions while changing their name. Just adding a prefix will do for now. That presents the first problem. Currently, there is no way to get named arguments to use handed to sub EXPORT. Any Hash will also be gobbled up. All we have are positional parameters. Since Raku is omni-paradigmatic, that wont pose a challenge. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ All_Pythonistas_should_switch_to_Go…_or_okay, maybe_just_half⠀⇛ But not those at Google, Uber, Dropbox, Soundcloud, Slack, and Medium. The programmers at top corporations have long fallen for the language with the cute mascot. # ⚓ Python_Has_Become_the_Most_Popular_Language, According_to_TIOBE⠀⇛ According to a TIOBE statement in October 2021, Python is now the most popular programming language in the world. According to the latest ratings from the software company TIOBE, Python is now the most popular programming language in the world. The so-called TIOBE Index is based on the number of language searches performed online, which may also be a measure of a language’s popularity. # ⚓ Programming_languages:_This_major_update_for Python_has_just_arrived⠀⇛ # ⚓ Top_10_In-Demand_Programming_Language_that_Will Rule_in_2021⠀⇛ * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ AlmaLinux_OS_Foundation_Membership_Opens to_the_Public_|_Business_Wire⠀⇛ The AlmaLinux Foundation, stewards of the 100% community- owned and governed enterprise- grade Linux distribution, announces membership options for all project contributors and community members. The AlmaLinux Foundation is set up as a 501(c)(6) non-profit, the same model used by the Linux Foundation. Individuals and organizations will now be eligible to vote for, and be voted into, the AlmaLinux Foundation’s board of directors, as well as participate in committees. Members will directly help to steer AlmaLinux OS and ensure the Foundation is acting in the best interests of the community. The provisional board of directors has approved a set of Bylaws and a membership committee has been formed to welcome new members. # ⚓ AlmaLinux_OS_Foundation_Membership_Opens to_the_Public⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Another_vulnerability_in_Apache_httpd,_allowing access_outside_the_site_root_directory⠀⇛ A new attack vector was found against the Apache http server, which remained unpatched in the 2.4.50 update and allows access to files from areas outside the root directory of the site. In addition, researchers have found a way that, in the presence of certain non-standard settings, not only read system files, but also remotely execute their code on the server. The problem only manifests itself in releases 2.4.49 and 2.4.50, earlier versions of the vulnerability are not affected. To fix the new variant of the vulnerability , the release of Apache httpd 2.4.51 was promptly formed . In essence, the new problem ( CVE-2021- 42013 ) is completely similar to the original vulnerability (CVE-2021-41773) in 2.4.49, the only difference is in a different character encoding “..”. In particular, in the 2.4.50 release, the possibility of using the sequence “% 2e” to encode a point was blocked, but the possibility of double encoding was missed – when specifying the sequence “%% 32% 65”, the server decoded it into “% 2e”, and then into ” . “, ie characters “../” to go to the previous directory could be coded as “. %% 32% 65 /”. As for the exploitation of a vulnerability through code execution, this is possible if you enable mod_cgi and use the base path in which the execution of CGI scripts is allowed (for example, if the ScriptAlias ​​directive is enabled or the ExecCGI flag is specified in the Options directive). A prerequisite for a successful attack is also to explicitly provide access to directories with executable files, such as / bin, or access to the FS root “/” in the Apache settings. Since such access is usually not provided, a code execution attack is of little use to real systems. # ⚓ Important_vulnerability_in_certain_versions_of Apache_HTTP_Server [Ed: Potential plagiarism]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Critical_vulnerability_in_certain_versions_of Apache_HTTP_Server⠀⇛ # § Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/ Dramatisation⠀➾ # ⚓ New_malware_family_discovered_for_Linux_– Market_Research_Telecast [Ed: Automated from German]⠀⇛ Security researchers at the antivirus and security company Eset claim to have discovered a new family of malware for Linux. It enables remote access, collects access data and sets up proxies on infected systems for further attacks. # ⚓ Cyber_Security_Today,_Oct._8,_2021_–_New Linux_malware,_a_new_hacking_group_and_a thick_advisory_report_from_Microsoft [Ed: How to craft propaganda: associate Linux with "malware" (that actually has nothing to do with Linux) and make back doors giants like Microsoft look like a bunch of security professionals; of course this publisher is paid by Microsoft to do this.]⠀⇛ # ⚓ ‘FontOnLake’_Malware_Family_Targets_Linux Systems [Ed: This is not about Linux, just as holes in Adobe Photoshop are not about Windows (this is crafty spin and a black PR campaign]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Researchers_Warn_of_FontOnLake_Rootkit Malware_Targeting_Linux_Systems [Ed: "It's currently not known how the attackers gain initial access to the network," but they blame Linux for merely existing inside an already-compromised network. This is lousy journalism or not journalism at all. It's marketing spam for ESET.]⠀⇛ Cybersecurity researchers have detailed a new campaign that likely targets entities in Southeast Asia with a previously unrecognized Linux malware that’s engineered to enable remote access to its operators, in addition to amassing credentials and function as a proxy server. # ⚓ ESET_Research_uncovers_FontOnLake,_a Targeted_malware_attacking_Linux [Ed: This isn't about Linux but about ESET attacking Linux with FUD, just for shameless self- promotion; they don't even know how attackers get to the systems in the first place]⠀⇛ o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Tech_feels_labor_market_crunch⠀⇛ # ⚓ We_Can_Shut_Down_Crimes_Exposed_in_the_Pandora_Papers⠀⇛ Crushing the tax haven racket is a big political challenge, but the steps needed are straightforward and simple. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ How_Business_Leaders_Can_Reduce_Polarization⠀⇛ Rising political polarization can have serious ramifications for businesses. Companies that speak out on controversial issues can face decreased customer loyalty from those with opposing beliefs, increased internal conflict between employees, or reduced sales from boycotts. Furthermore, taking a public stance can often exacerbate social tensions. For example, after the 2018 school shooting in Parkland, Florida, Delta Air Lines was reported to have eliminated an NRA member discount. Despite affecting very few people, the move further heightened tensions around gun control and prompted state lawmakers to threaten the airline’s fuel tax exemptions. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Patent_case:_Sisvel_Int._S.A._vs._Shenzhen_Tinno_and Wiko_SAS,_Netherlands [Ed: The patent troll Sisvel still active and patent litigation fanatics are loving it]]⠀⇛ In a new chapter of the ongoing saga of Sisvel’s 4G patents against (mainly Chinese) infringers, the present interlocutory decision shows that the procedural attitude of a defendant (in the present case Wiko) may be very important and can influence the court’s decision. # ⚓ Valqari_Secures_Position_as_Drone_Delivery_Industry Leader_with_New_US_Patent [Ed: No, this is not what patents and exclusivity are assured to do; they're just misleading shareholders]⠀⇛ # ⚓ Acasti_Pharma_Awarded_Composition-of-Matter_Patents for_GTX-101_in_Europe,_China_and_Mexico_and_for_GTX-102 in_Japan⠀⇛ Acasti Pharma Inc. (“Acasti” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: ACST and TSX-V: ACST), today announces that the European Patent Office, Chinese Patent Office and the Mexican Patent Office have issued composition of matter patents for GTX-101, a novel bio- adhesive film forming topical spray formulation of bupivacaine for the treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN). PHN is a persistent and often debilitating neuropathic pain caused by nerve damage from the varicella zoster virus (shingles), which may persist for months and even years. GTX-101 could provide significant benefits over the current standard of care including greater convenience, faster onset of action and longer duration of pain relief. The granted patents are valid until 2036. # ⚓ Smart_SUV’s_Production_Design_Leaked_In_Patent Filings⠀⇛ Smart cars were officially available in the USA from 2008 to 2019. Daimler finally pulled the plug due to poor sales, but only after stringing out the supermini’s lifespan as an electric. Even then, the fortwo Electric Drive offered poor range, but that was the least of its troubles. # ⚓ Financial_speculation_surrounding_coronavirus_drug developed_with_taxpayer_money⠀⇛ # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Patents_On_NFT?_No,_NFT_On_Patents! [Ed: Making a patent pyramid scheme and then treating it like a marvel of humanity]⠀⇛ Patents and innovation are closely linked. Patents can boost innovation by granting a legal monopoly over certain technology, and inventors may be willing to invest more time, money and creativity into their inventions if they can do this in anticipation of being rewarded with such monopoly on their invention. Furthermore, patents boost future innovation because the technology protected by a patent will be made publicly available and can be used by everyone once the patent protection term expires. However, patents may even hinder innovation, because technology and its further- development could be blocked by existing patents. # ⚓ Patent_Protection_on_AI_Inventions [Ed: Disguising software patents as "Hey Hi" again, as usual... the new loopholes riding the wave of buzzwords and hype]⠀⇛ In recent years, AI patent activity has exponentially increased. The figure below shows the volume of public AI patent applications categorized by AI component in the U.S. from 1990-2018. The eight AI components in FIG. 1 are defined in an article published in 2020 by the USPTO. Most of the AI components have experienced explosive growth in the past decade, especially in the areas of planning/control and knowledge processing (e.g., using big data in automated systems). # ⚓ Transaction_Authentication_Claims_Using_Known Computer_Components_Are_Patent_Ineligible [Ed: In courts, software patents are still mostly worthless]⠀⇛ In Universal Secure Registry LLC v. Apple Inc., No. 2020-2044 (Fed. Cir. Aug. 26, 2021), the Federal Circuit affirmed the district court’s determination that four patents related to securing credit card transactions without a credit card magnetic strip are patent ineligible under 35 U.S.C. § 101. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5523 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 49 seconds to (re)generate ⟲