𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Monday, May 09, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Tue 10 May 02:40:42 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/09/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmSfKUr8nYNDDrrEjYSKeMg1rgZ73NY8Da3ikHMwy9QdiT QmNYJoJ9Ugk6bzW4kiqNd1XX3pDsY94QQQpPX6zvttdDqD QmV1eHWHRNxm9DLspjvUjeFdk6NvTiYcLCWvwH1WMxLvmr QmQqTBNQUDBHwqhe5DXPxQgvUpCPJ3nxybhExga3qmyuSs QmV9dsXk4xgy3qMWvESny4Qa35XgbLoeAZM7H2FPwKwGvC Qmdi6KmxktEbkwsxpoVUymukiJMVcBzPGPMGpwRC53dkPc QmSt9PHdTW5UrpNhxfds5Sa5936A4u7z6WyeEdySKphgiP QmPEqWRo8KpNpJoaaGc99smHG89yvkWtPpeGmTEGxHf9yk QmUeQTHKAjJ9v96gsDvCYLFh5GgXDKixWCuPqS4a8BmfQU QmcShTQ5PvGDVnPhQjNW6G56NoR5mcoFctfN5iZeHGrwb1 QmaBR3fV7zaUgkD5dHU52m9Wb3wWGh1z4676MwhPA7cDXx QmeQxfBxXEPRvN8SC7GyMDSGuxuPgyw5YGtaYLHZYLYLQQ QmNYYAtNrZGSDgN96vbFkZNpzAhfBHT7jiw6ETUGeaiNLT QmeJ3YXwyJcW6kexCygGpKWEiZPC21tTub4dQeBZofT8kC QmPU61A7yYbdcsRB7yyR25CQVBn6a5AhRwTaJhRsyBhZy6 QmPMrr81hHACq6jy5DSLRHakQJ8gQvqoPtt3FNWbmcZS7j QmPYCg8CVfzpxnfQVnhNP7m73rJTPrrgEmqd8DvpvJhAoJ QmV7FAs2sr4jaf6G5j1H1iXz4NWKvsn6vaLidkmk6yE6cH QmYZarboG9cQGehNWR64pLu2jUMh7JDcDbjFPcqWpvgXg6 QmRQVhGpsKDNmkjNUW1AkVeznhpmY4wAGbjRcBeWH1qdd2 QmY2CTeWWJPFgrpvCqeVPXuuQqq9HjqiAtnNZrW9WYvqMN ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ When It Comes to Software Patents, IBM is Still a Big Bully (and Red Hat’s Patents Can Become Part of the Big Blue Bullying) | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Sunday, May 08, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ Evolution at Linux Foundation: Microsoft Attacks, Microsoft ’Joins’, Microsoft Takes Control | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/big-blue-bully/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/irc-log-080522/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/microsoft-takes-control-lf/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/firefox-100-on-power/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/gemini-bloat/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/libreoffice-qa-report/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 55 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/big-blue-bully/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/09/big-blue-bully/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ When_It_Comes_to_Software_Patents,_IBM_is_Still_a_Big_Bully_(and_Red_Hat’s Patents_Can_Become_Part_of_the_Big_Blue_Bullying)⠀✐ Posted in IBM, Patents, Red_Hat at 9:57 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 77142030821a25ea75f02d1a500590a8 IBM Patent Bully Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/ibm-patent-shakedown.webm Summary: Big Blue Bully (BBB) or the international blackmail machine is still lobbying for software patents and is still weaponising_software_patents,_even in_courts; what does that mean for a company like Red Hat, which kept assuring us that there’s no need to worry about its patents? OVER the years we’ve repeatedly challenged Red Hat to justify its poor stance on software patents, seeing that it was amassing some of its own (there’s the old theory about Red Hat stockpiling patents to increase the sale price). “Back in 2005 Red Hat had a different stance…”We’ve written several dozens of articles on this subject* for almost 15 years, occasionally noting that Red Hat was starting to pursue many software patents, including on systemd. Back in 2005 Red Hat had a different stance; it fought against European_software patents, which were controversially being granted by the EPO. The problem never ended; the issue never stopped being an issue and instead we saw IBM actively lobbying Europe to allow software patents, at one point even falsely claiming that “Open Source” innovation had been made possible owing to software patents — clearly an eyebrow-raising lie. “Heck, do not expect what’s left of the media to provide commentary on the matter…”The video above deals with the latest example of IBM bullying companies with the help of software patents. The lawsuit was filed 7_days_ago, but we don’t expect anyone from Red Hat to speak about this. Heck, do not expect what’s left of the media to provide commentary on the matter; I casually show examples of IBM manipulating the media and in the video I share a new_example of_this with IBM’s longtime paid shill, Timothy Prickett Morgan. We’re meant to think that patent shakedown is OK, even when Red Hat’s patents can be at stake and we’re talking about nonsensical patents, likely rendered void by Alice/35 U.S.C. § 101 (SCOTUS). IBM is — quite frankly as usual — trying to compensate for the lack of merit/quality using quantity. Red Hat contributes to this quantity. █ _____ * To give just a small sample of such coverage: * Red_Hat_is_Chastised_For_Playing_Along_With_Microsoft’s_Patent_Scheme Rather_Than_Challenge_the_Patents_Like_Google_and_the_Alice_Case_Did * Microsoft_and_IBM_Are_the_Patent_Trolls,_They_Won’t_Protect_Us_From Trolls * Red_Hat’s_Freedom_Reduced_to_Just_Online_Partner_Enablement_Network_ (OPEN)_and_Microsoft_as_a_Close_Partner;_Canonical’s_Ubuntu_Just_an_‘App’ for_Windows? * Red_Hat_and_Software_Patents_(Video) * Hey,_Where’s_Red_Hat_(IBM)? * Under_IBM_Management,_Red_Hat_Has_No_Will_to_Survive * More_Information_Emerges_About_the_Microsoft-Red_Hat_Patent_Agreement * IBM_Has_Not_Been_Good_to_Red_Hat_(the_Company_Should_Never_Have_Been Sold) * IBM_is_Imposing_Non-Free,_Privacy-Infringing_Tools_and_Patent_Tolls_on Red_Hat_Staff * Red_Hat_is_Not_the_Company_You_Once_Knew * IBM_is_Destroying_Red_Hat_and_Red_Hatters_Are_Leaving * Red_Hat_Betrayed_the_Free_Software_Community_With_Its_Software_Patents’ Stockpiling_Drive_and_Then_a_Sale_to_the_Biggest_Software_Patents Lobbyist ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 142 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/irc-log-080522/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/09/irc-log-080522/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Sunday,_May_08,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:48 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-080522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-080522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-080522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-080522.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmQFziKUYZGwoDzRJvX3BwpicXLRo4qRhSKXpJMg8SzVkr #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmPqw2oLnRUgZwCcbk3XoKXe1nAuJPBGSPNm9tdtxQ2DmK (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmQFUtHUohnmyAcTEWVA6EPt5QxkD1tvczR9BUUyY4chut social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmSuaTq32A19dLPHgHf5A55aCovJ7vV64wHiu1o2BpT4kp social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmZQeywBzdC9W8EYuYigmejKQZoVkVRwpcxuk33zC8dTvy #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmW86fhfxWjDn1QLu5iJCxkpRaPcHCf7MdXuF25iat3aB9 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmdB7vcCNmZVF88G7jNHB6ckHQHbJA9H9qSVy3Por6wnBr #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmZJSVEAqShPaAPEZxbyPL5NFFrpGwoAeGMTDxnEv45rhg (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmY2CTeWWJPFgrpvCqeVPXuuQqq9HjqiAtnNZrW9WYvqMN ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 269 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/09/microsoft-takes-control-lf/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/09/microsoft-takes-control-lf/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Evolution_at_Linux_Foundation:_Microsoft_Attacks,_Microsoft_‘Joins’, Microsoft_Takes_Control⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Microsoft at 6:11 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 2016 (embrace): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Evolution_of_LF⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Microsoft_to_attack_Linux⦈_ 2019 (extend): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Zemlin_tweets:_Deleted_ALL_of_his_tweets_months_ago; Microsoft_already;_Also_Microsoft⦈_ 2022 (extinguish and silence): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇At_large!_While_Microsoft_pays_100%_of_her_salary!⦈_ Summary: The Linux_Foundation sure loves its rapist; maybe a forced marriage is in order, too? It was always about money, nothing else… ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⡟⣛⡿⡿⣿⠿⡟⢻⢿⢿⠟⠟⢻⠿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢻⣿⠿⣿⡿⠻⣿⠿⡟⢿⢻⡿⢿⡿⠿⣿⢸⡟⢻⠟⡟⢻⠿⡿⡿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡟⠻⠻⣿⣿⢻⡿⢿⡟⡿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢸⣇⣒⣧⣃⣇⣃⣤⣸⣘⣸⣆⣇⣨⣘⣸⣰⣀⣿⣀⣀⣇⣿⣃⣅⣃⣚⣇⣻⣸⣐⣂⣇⣇⣗⢸⣇⣆⣄⣇⣨⣘⣇⣸⣄⣃⣇⣙⣐⣃⣇⣧⣸⣿⣛⣸⣘⣠⣀⣇⣇⣗⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣸⡿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⢿⣟⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡆⢾⢰⢸⡠⢬⣿⠸⢿⢸⠀⡆⡇⠇⠸⢀⢾⡇⢨⣏⠶⣸⠸⢸⠀⡆⡇⠆⣘⠠⢰⠰⡇⡇⠆⡅⢰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⡿⠻⡛⠛⡟⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠊⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠐⠃⠂⠋⠀⠣⠂⠸⠰⠓⠉⠇⣁⠀⠀⠃⠀⠒⠀⠀⡀⢰⡀⢄⡀⣀⡀⣀⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣯⣻⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠁⠀⠈⠀⠒⠀⠛⠀⠀⠠⠾⠀⠩⠋⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢛⠛⠛⢁⢨⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣶⣿⡶⠚⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡟⠛⠉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠡⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣝⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠤⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢘⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣦⡀⣰⠇⠀⠀⢰⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⡛⣻⣿⣿⡅⠀⠀⠘⠓⠀⢀⡀⠀⠠⣀⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣷⡙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⡂⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⠢⠀⠤⠸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣯⠅⠀⠀⠀⢼⠐⠈⠀⣀⠀⢐⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣟⡃⠀⠀⠀⣹⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠨⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⡿⠄⠀⠀⠀⢺⠀⠀⠀⠤⠈⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠈⠁⠀⢀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⣿⣿⡷⠆⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⢀⠀⠐⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡁⣉⣉⣉⡁⠀⠀⠀⢉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣉⠉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣉⣍⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢉⡉⠉⢩⣍⣉⣭⣭⣭⣭⣩⣩⠉⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⠉⠉ ⠀⣿⣿⣗⠂⠀⠀⠀⢹⠀⠈⠀⣤⣦⠀⣿⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⢸⡧⣼⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⣿⣿⢹⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⢛⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢛⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣯⠅⠀⢠⣤⠶⡖⠚⣺⣿⠏⡐⠿⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡛⠀⢸⡥⢾⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⣸⣿⣼⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠄⠠⢆⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣬⠀⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣼⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠤⣥⣷⣶⡆⠀⠸⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣿⡍⠀⢻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠘⡲⢾⡷⢿⡿⢿⡷⣿⣿⣿⠀⠈⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⠀⢹⣿⣿⡇⣿⢹⢹⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⣶⣾⣷⣿⡅⠀⣼⣿⣭⣿⣿⣶⡯⡿⣷⠭⠀⠀⠰⠏⠁⠉⠀⣀⣀⣈⡈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠄⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣶⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⡟⣿⣷⠀⠀⣾⣶⠀⡂⠀⡆⠰⠀⣬⢀⠀⠀⠁⣉⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⠀⢸⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⡟⡋⣿⣇⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠀⢿⢿⣿⡇⣿⢿⠸⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠈⣶⠒⡖⠛⡟⢻⠉⣿⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣀⣏⡀⠀⢸⣶⣿⣿⣿⣏⡸⠀⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡇⢀⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣭⡤⡵⠆⡷⢲⠛⡟⠛⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⠛⡟⠃⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⣿⣯⣧⠀⢠⣴⣦⣤⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣹⣿⣷⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣛⠀⣻⣿⣿⣇⣿⣹⣸⣿⡇⠀⠘ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⣀⣇⡀⠧⠘⠀⡥⢤⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣶⣷⡆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠠⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⢉⠀⢹⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⢻⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡏⠁⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⣿⣿⣇⣔⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⣿⠁⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⢴⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣬⠀⣬⣽⣿⣧⣿⣿⣴⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡧⠀⠀⠀⠆⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡟⡝⡇⠀⢸⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⡇⠁⠀⠀⢸⣿⠸⣿⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠡⠀⠉⠹⡟⡏⠏⢹⠩⣿⡇⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⠶⠶⢶⣦⣤⣴⣶⣶⣤⣤⣼⣿⠿⣷⣷⣧⣤⣬⣿⣭⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⡇⡆⠀⠀⣸⣯⣿⣽⣶⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠶⠀⢶⠤⣇⠢⢦⣶⠴⣏⡄⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠋⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⣶⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣤⡀⠀⣨⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⡿⠗⢶⣶ ⠀⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠷⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠐⡿⢿⣿⠟⠋⠋⢿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣦⣴⠟⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢹ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠀⠀⠠⠄⠸⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠟⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⢿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢸⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⢀⣼ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣎⡻⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⠞⣠⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣾⣴⣷⣶⣾⣾⣼⣿⣾⣾⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⡌⣍⢙⡋⡛⣛⣛⣋⣩⡅⡖⢻⡏⡟⣿⢻⡟⡟⢻⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⣭⢽⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⣻⣿⡿⠻⣛⣿⡿⢻⢻⢻⣿⣿⡟⡿⡿⢛⢿⣿⢻⣟⣿⣿⣿⡟⢿⢻⡟⡟⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣾⣿⣼⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣯⣾⣵⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣾⣇⣷⣵⣾⣾⣿⣬⣯⣽⣽⣯⣼⣮⣾⣥⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⢸⠉⡛⠉⠋⠉⠋⠃⠀⠘⢉⢻⣿⢁⠈⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠛⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣯⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⢎⣑⡏⠏⣏⢯⢹⢹⠁⣏⢹⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⠳⠘⢰⢱⢸⣿⠐⡏⠎⣿⠉⢎⢩⡣⢎⠸⢹⠱⢸⣷⠰⠱⢹⣯⠐⡋⠊⡁⢨⣿⠱⢉⠟⠀⣽⣿⢰⢉⠀⣁⢃⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣱⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⢪⠨⡇⣿⢹⢹⢹⢹⠍⡇⡏⡯⡏⡏⡏⡏⡫⢽⢻⢹⢸⢹⢹⢹⣽⢻⡇⠭⡋⠏⡟⠉⠡⡫⠅⣿⠩⢽⢸⠙⠋⡇⡏⣿⡏⡢⠰⡏⡏⡏⡿⡇⡏⡟⢫⢻⢹⢹⢹⢹⢸⢸⣿⠛⢹⢹⢉⠭⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⡛⠀⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢋⢸⢩⡍⢉⣿⡏⣭⢨⢹⢋⢹⠈⢝⣭⡄⡄⢹⢋⢋⣿⢹⢩⢹⢹⢹⣹⢛⢹⢽⡇⡋⣙⣷⠐⡈⡁⠍⡏⡍⣿⡙⡙⡅⡇⡇⣿⢨⢹⢉⡁⠈⡭⣻⡏⡏⣍⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣌⡻⢾⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣋⣼⣿⣾⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠹⢹⢹⢩⠉⢩⠋⡍⡏⡍⣽⡟⢉⡋⡍⡅⡆⣈⡍⡍⡉⡃⡋⡙⢋⢙⣛⢉⢙⢉⠉⡍⣬⡄⣀⣏⢹⢨⢉⢹⢨⢹⠀⣏⠹⢨⢹⢉⡙⢭⢸⣿⠩⢸⢫⢹⡩⣏⡽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣴⣷⣶⣿⣶⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣤⣷⣿⣷⣧⣼⣿⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣿⣿⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡍⡏⡍⡍⡇⢫⣹⢩⡇⣝⡩⣿⢏⠙⢩⢹⢩⢸⡟⢩⠘⣭⣋⠏⠋⣝⢸⢩⢹⢩⠛⣍⡏⣝⡩⣟⣿⣿⣯⡝⢸⢩⣿⢸⠻⡽⣼⢆⡇⣇⡒⣏⢽⢴⡎⡎⢽⡹⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⣷⣷⣶⣵⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣴⣿⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣵⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠙⢿⢫⢸⠫⣋⠟⡟⢝⣿⢫⢻⢫⠻⠯⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣾⣴⣾⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠻⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⢩⠉⠉⠩⠉⣿⠀⣞⠩⠉⠉⠉⡍⡋⠅⠋⠙⠨⠀⠩⢙⢩⢹⡇⠀⠙⠉⠋⠉⠉⡍⠅⣿⡇⣶⢸⠉⠙⠩⡅⡽⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠸⡅⣿⣿⡍⣭⢹⠛⣟⣿⢹⡏⢛⢻⠛⡟⢻⣿⢉⢛⢻⢻⠛⡟⢻⢹⠟⡏⡇⢻⢻⠛⣿⢉⢟⢻⢋⠹⡟⡻⢻⡇⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⡀⠀⡀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣷⣷⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣥⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢻⣿⣟⡻⢿⡿⢿⣿⣻⡿⣟⠿⣻⠿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⡍⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣸⣿⣯⣷⣽⣮⣿⣽⣿⣤⣿⣶⣿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣯⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⡉⠉⡉⠉⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⢉⠉⢉⣉⡉⢉⠉⢁⢀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⡀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣉⣁⣈⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤ ⣏⣩⣭⡍⡿⣿⢿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠃⣷⣿⣾⣷⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣈⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡻⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹⣯⡻⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⡏⠁⠀⠁⠁⠀⠱⠀⠀⡀⣀⣀⡀⣧⡄⣀⣀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡝⠛⠋⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⢸⡁⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣤⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡗⠆⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡅⡄⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡧⠶⡦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠶⣶⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⢺⡤⠐⠿⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠋⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣧⠤⠄⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣄⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠸⡅⠚⢒⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣆⣀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣇⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠐⠐⠰⠰⠶⠰⠦⠂⠰⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⠹⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⠇⠀⠀⣸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠉⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠯⠀⠈⠙⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⠿⠋⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢙⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠒⠒⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠋⠀⠘⢠⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠐⢂⡂⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢸⣿⣿⡇⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⠚⠀⢀⠀⠘⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⢠⠐⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 492 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_08/05/2022:_Desktop_GNU/Linux_Software_on_Android,_Firefox_100_on POWER⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 1:45 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Distro Watch ☛ Review:_Running_desktop_Linux_software_on Android⠀⇛ In the past we have spent some time talking about various ways to run Android applications on GNU/ Linux distributions, typically by using sandboxing tools such as Anbox and Waydroid. This week we would like to explore the reverse and talk about running GNU/Linux software on a device which is already running Android. There are a number of chroot environments and containers which can be installed on Android in order to run a minimal desktop Linux distribution on a phone or tablet. This week I want to focus on one project in particular: UserLAnd. According to the UserLAnd website, the project provides an easy way to set up and run desktop Linux distributions on a phone or tablet (Android is currently supported, but it looks like there are plans to work with iOS in the future). This is accomplished without requiring the user to root their phone. In fact, all we should need to do is install the UserLAnd app from the Play store and launch it. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Josh_Bressers:_Episode_322_–_Adam_Shostack_on_the_security of_Star_Wars⠀⇛ Josh and Kurt talk to Adam Shostack about his new book “Threats: What Every Engineer Should Learn From Star Wars”. We discuss some of the lessons and threats in the Star Wars universe, it’s an old code I hear. We also discuss if Star Wars is a better than Star Trek for teaching security (it probably is). It’s a fun conversation and sounds like an amazing book. # ⚓ GNU_World_Order_459⠀⇛ # ⚓ Video ☛ The_Man_That_Uploaded_2_Million_Videos_To_YouTube_– Invidious⠀⇛ The YouTube search results are broken. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Kernel_prepatch_5.18-rc6_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ The 5.18-rc6 kernel prepatch is out for testing. “Please do go test it all out – because things may look good now, but continued testing is the only thing that will make sure.” o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Bloat⠀⇛ I, too, deeply appreciate the Unix philosophy when it comes to system-level utilities and command line tools, but when it comes to GUI apps, and cross- platform ones at that, things get a lot less clear. Software being “bloated” is an interesting concept. It is a very relative term, for one thing. Something that was considered bloated 20 years ago is extremely small and zippy by today’s standards. We didn’t have an expectation of needing 8-16 GB of RAM in our computers back then… One way to look at bloat is to invent/find an alternative implementation that achieves the same functionality with less “bloat”, but this is open to subjective importance placed on things like UX quality. The term is also vague enough to apply to non-technical aspects. Bloated software may have too broad a scope, having too many features that only loosely fit together. An overly long feature list can be a point of concern, much like when a restaurant’s menu covers too many cuisines — surely the execution can’t be top notch all around. In a very concrete way, the number of features is a measure of the complexity of the code base, and higher complexity can be linked to “bloat”, bugs, and generally poorer software quality. But the thing is, features aren’t all equally complex and large. A 100 small and simple features is more manageable than 10 large and complex features. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to Apple_MainStage_–_LinuxLinks⠀⇛ Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (Google’s parent), Amazon and Facebook dominate the tech landscape. Their dominance is so broad they account for more than 20% of the S&P 500. There are many things to admire about Apple’s hardware and software. Apple make great looking (albeit expensive) hardware. Over the years key successes include the iPhone, iPad, iPod, and the MacBook Air. The company designs its own hardware and software. This gives them the power to make an operating system and suite of apps that are tailor- made and optimized for their hardware. Apple also operates the Apple Music and Apple TV media distribution platforms. macOS is Apple’s proprietary operating system for its line of Macintosh computers. Its interface, known as Aqua, is highly polished and built on top of a BSD derivative (Darwin). There’s a whole raft of proprietary applications that are developed by Apple for their operating software. This software is not available for Linux and there’s no prospect of that position changing. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit ARM-based Apple M1 processors on new Mac computers. Maybe it’s the perfect time to move away from the proprietary world of Apple, and embrace the open source Linux scene. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Kevin Cox ☛ RSS_Feed_Best_Practises⠀⇛ These are some technical tips for publishing a blog. These have nothing to do with good content, just how to share that content. The recommendations are roughly in order of importance and have rationale for why they are that important. # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ How_to_Set_Wget_Connection_Timeout_in Linux⠀⇛ Working under a Linux operating system environment grants you the flexibility of choosing how you wish to download your files from a transparent URL. Most users are familiar with Linux’s interactive approach to such file download. This interactive approach relates to the use of a web browser where a user clicks on an availed download button and waits for the file download to start until it successfully finishes. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Ubuntu_Server_22.04_LTS_Step_by_Step⠀⇛ Hello Ubuntu folks, Canonical has released its latest operating system Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish) for desktop and servers. This is an LTS release, means we will get support and updates till next 5 years (2027). In this guide, we will cover how to install Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS step by step along with screenshots. # ⚓ How_to_Install_PHP-FPM_with_Apache_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛ How to install PHP-FPM with Apache on Ubuntu 22.04. There are two distinct options to run PHP using the web server. One is using the PHP’s CGI and the other one is FPM. FPM is a process manager to manage the FastCGI in PHP. Apache ships with mod_php by default and works with all major web servers. With mod_php there is a little performance issue because it locks out the process. In this guide you are learn how to setup PHP 8.1- FPM and configure it with Apache and also configure PHP variables. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Wireshark_on_Fedora_36⠀⇛ In this article, we will explain how to install Wireshark on the Ubuntu system. The installation procedures have been tested on Fedora 36. Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. Originally named Ethereal, the project was renamed Wireshark in May 2006 due to trademark issues. It’s a network protocol analyzer tool indispensable for system administration and security.It drills down and displays data travelling on the network.Wireshark allows you to either capture live network packets or to save it for offline analysis. One of the features of Wireshark that you will love to learn is the display filter which lets you inspect only that traffic you are really interested in. Wireshark is available for various platforms including Windows, Linux, MacOS, FreeBSD, and some others. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_BoxBilling_on_Ubuntu/Debian Servers⠀⇛ How to install BoxBilling on Ubuntu/Debian Servers BoxBilling is a free open-source, client and billing management solution. It is a more of a hosting billing solution like WHMCS etc, Blesta etc. It comes with many features like automatic invoicing, Support for multiple payment gateways, Integration for multiple panels like cPanel, SolusVM etc. It can also be used for Licence Provisioning. Since it is open source and it has a great API which allows headroom for more automation and customization. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Install_ONLYOFFICE_Docs_on_Ubuntu_22.04⠀⇛ Today you will learn how to Install ONLYOFFICE Docs on Ubuntu 22.04 An open-source office suite that comprises web- based viewers and collaborative editors for text documents, spreadsheets, and presentations providing high compatibility with OOXML files such as .docx, .xlsx, .pptx and other popular formats such as .doc, .odt, .rtf, ,txt, .pdf, xls, .ods, .csv and much more. # ⚓ ByteXD ☛ How_to_Install_&_Configure_VNC_Server_on_Ubuntu 22.04_or_20.04⠀⇛ VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a visual connection system that enables you to interact with the graphical desktop environment of a remote PC using a mouse and a keyboard. If you have worked with Microsoft Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) before, think of VNC as an open- source alternative. # ⚓ LXer ☛ My_Linux_Laptop⠀⇛ Ok, so here I am with a laptop that I finally got Linux to install too and now it won’t boot into the Windows install it came with. I was only wanting to keep Windows around for some hypothetical reason that I might need it someday for some reason I could never think of if you really asked me. Donny was right, why keep it around if I’m not even going to use it? Well, I quickly got up the courage and booted into the jump drive and from there installed Garuda Linux over everything including Windows. I only have Linux on my laptop now. Woo Hoo! It has been a few months now and everything works. Every time I have needed it to do something it has been able to do it. Internet, bluetooth, camera etc. I have been experimenting with Linux commands on the command line and learning about the changes and modifications I can do from there, I’m no guru but I am doing my best to learn and keep learning. I have not had any issues with programs running like they are supposed to or getting errors even though Garuda is a ‘rolling release’ distro. The system prompts me to update every week or so, I update, the system works. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Classic_Tamagotchi_Is_Reincarnated_In_Modern Hardware⠀⇛ If you thought that Tamagotchis were a late ’90s fad that has faded from most people’s memory by now, you’d be wrong: the franchise is still alive and well today, with new models being released regularly. But even the original model from 1996, known as Tamagotchi P1, is being kept alive by a small group of enthusiasts. When ROM dumps of the original hardware began floating around the internet a couple of years ago, even those without the real thing could run these virtual pets in an emulator. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ In_The_IBM_i_Trenches_With:_Chilli_IT [Ed: IBM- sponsored fluff from Timothy Prickett Morgan without disclosure of the conflict of interest]⠀⇛ This week, we are talking to Chilli IT, a managed services provider and reseller for Power Systems machinery running IBM i as well as IBM Storwize and FlashSystem storage that was founded in 2003 and that is located in Chester, just a stone’s throw away from both Liverpool and Manchester in the northwest of England, one of the manufacturing and distribution centers of the United Kingdom and therefore a natural home to the AS/400 and its successors. We sat down with two of Chilli IT’s co- founders, Richard Warren, managing director, and Stan Wilkins, technical director, who have a long history in the IBM midrange dating back to the time that they all worked at Oak Brook International, an offshoot of the European arm of Real Solutions, the software and services arm of giant systems reseller and lessor El Camino Resources based in Southern California back in the 1990s. The Oak Brook name is a reference to the Chicago neighborhood where high availability software supplier Lakeview Technology, the creator of the MIMIX tools, was located, and if you are curious, the name Chilli is a reference to the “hot topic” designation that AS/400 architect Frank Soltis used in his Inside The AS/400 book published in 1996. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Sparky_Linux_6.3_Available_to_Download_– LinuxStoney⠀⇛ A new version of Sparky Linux from stable line 6.3 “Po Tolo” has been released and available to download. SparkyLinux is a Linux distro built on Debian. It has a rich set of programs, codecs and plug-ins pre-installed, allowing you to work freely on your computer. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ $95_Banana_Pi_BPI-R2_Pro_5-port_Gigabit Ethernet_router_board_is_powered_by_Rockchip_RK3568_SoC_–_CNX Software⠀⇛ Banana Pi BPI-R2 Pro is an update to the Banana Pi BPI R2 router board that replaces MediaTek MT7623A quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor with a much more powerful Rockchip RK3568 quad-core Cortex-A55 processor. The Banana Pi BPI-R2 Pro board looks very similar to the first generation R2 board with the same dimensions, 2GB RAM, HDMI & DSI display interfaces, five Gigabit Ethernet ports, one SATA port, two USB 3.0 ports, and one mPCIe socket, but it also adds one M.2 socket, support for MIPI CSI cameras, and extra storage with a 16GB eMMC flash. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Creating_An_Image_Format_For_Embedded_Hardware⠀⇛ Whether its one of those ubiquitous little OLED displays or a proper LCD panel, once you’ve got something a bit more capable than the classic 16×2 character LCD wired up to your microcontroller, there’s an excellent chance you’ll want to start displaying some proper images. Generally speaking that means you’ll be working with bitmap files, but as you might expect when pushing a decades-old file format into an application it was never intended for, things can get a little messy. Which is why [gfcwfzkm] has created the Portable Image File (PIF) format. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Medevel ☛ Notabase_is_your_open-source_reliable_personal knowledge_base⠀⇛ Notabase is a free open-source note-taking and a Markdown editor for users who take regular notes and require a high level of organization. # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Talospace ☛ The_Talospace_Project:_Firefox_100 on_POWER⠀⇛ You know, it’s not been a great weekend. Between striking out on some classic hardware projects, leaving printed circuit board corpses in my living room like some alternative universe fusion of William Gibson and Jeffrey Dahmer, one of the yard sprinkler valves has decided it will constantly water the hedge (a couple hundred bucks to fix) and I managed to re-injure my calf muscle sprinting to try to get a phone call (it went pop, I yelped and they hung up anyway). But Firefox is now at version 100, so there’s that. Besides the pretty version window when you start it up, it has captions on picture-in-picture and various performance improvements. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Russ_Allbery:_C_TAP_Harness_4.8⠀⇛ C TAP Harness is my C implementation of the Perl “Test Anything Protocol” test suite framework. It includes test runner and libraries for both C and shell. This is mostly a cleanup release to resync with other utility libraries. It does fix an installation problem by managing symlinks correctly, and adds support for GCC 11′s new deallocation warnings. # ⚓ Russ_Allbery:_rra-c-util_10.2⠀⇛ There are two major changes in this release. The first is Autoconf support for PCRE2, the new version of the Perl-Compatible Regular Expression library (PCRE1 is now deprecated), which was the motivation for a new release. The second is a huge update to the Perl formatting rules due to lots of work by Julien ÉLIE for INN. # ⚓ Russ_Allbery:_remctl_3.18⠀⇛ remctl is a simple RPC mechanism using Kerberos GSS-API authentication (or SSH authentication). The primary change in this release, and the reason for the release, is to add support for PCRE2, the latest version of the Perl- Compatible Regular Expression library, since PCRE1 is now deprecated. This release also improves some documentation, marks the allocation functions in the C client library with deallocation functions for GCC 11, and fixes some issues with the Python and Ruby bindings that were spotted by Ken Dreyer, as well as the normal update of portability support. # ⚓ Medevel ☛ pluggable.js_takes_mins_to_add_a_plugin architecture_in_your_JavaScript_project⠀⇛ pluggable.js lets you make your JS project extendable via plugins, while still keeping sensitive objects and data private within es2015 modules or through closures. It was originally written for converse.js, to provide a plugin architecture that allows 3rd party developers to extend and override private objects and backbone.js classes, but it does not require nor depend on either library. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Focussing_on_Remembering_with_Retrieval_Practice⠀⇛ It is easy, under the pressure of exams, to focus on revising the material as easily and quickly as possible. Creating and reading through summaries can give you that warm feeling of having made rapid progress. You copied key points from your textbook yesterday, and reading through your notes it all looks familiar and you feel that it has been learned. You go into class and your teacher reviews what was covered last lesson, and you recognise all that is said. You become more confident that you are done, that reading through your notes again before the exam will get you through comfortably. But the exam doesn’t go well, so next time you work harder, write more notes, listen more carefully to the teacher in the reviews. You work harder and harder, but the grade improvements don’t come. What is going wrong? o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_Crazy_Wave_Automaton⠀⇛ [Henk Rijckhaert] recently participated in a “secret Santa” gift exchange. In a secret Santa, everyone’s name goes in a hat, and each person must pick a name without looking. Each gives a gift to the person whose name they drew. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Prusa’s_Official_Enclosure_Pulls_Out_All_The Stops⠀⇛ It’s well known in the desktop 3D printing world that you get what you pay for. If you want to spend under $300 USD, you get a Creality Ender 3 and deal with its slightly half-baked nature. Or if you’ve got the money to burn, you buy a Prusa i3 MK3 and know that you’ll remain on the cutting edge thanks to a constantly evolving slicer and regular hardware revisions. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Altaid_8800_Puts_A_Front_Panel_In_Your_Pocket⠀⇛ It’s safe to say that the Altair 8800 is one of the most iconic, and important, computers ever created. The kit-built machine is widely regarded as the first commercially successful personal computer, and as such, intact specimens are bona fide historical artifacts when and if they ever come up on the second-hand market. Accordingly there’s a cottage industry out there dedicated to making affordable replicas, which more often than not, leverage modern hardware to emulate the original hardware. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Reviving_A_1974_Sinclair_Scientific_Calculator⠀⇛ When a treasure of retrotechnology fails to work, the natural next step is to have a go at repairing it. [Adam Wilson] found himself in this position when he acquired a 1974 Sinclair Cambridge Scientific calculator, and his progress with the device makes for an interesting read. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ As_US_Marks_1_Million_COVID_Deaths,_Biden_Has Dropped_Most_Pandemic_Protections⠀⇛ o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ India Times ☛ AGCO_ransomware_attack_disrupts_tractor sales_during_U.S._planting_season [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ U.S. agricultural equipment maker AGCO Corp said on Friday a ransomware attack was affecting operations at some of its production facilities, and dealers said tractor sales had been stalled during the crucial planting season. Georgia-based AGCO said in a statement it expects operations at some facilities to be affected for “several days and potentially longer.” The ransomware attack comes at a time U.S. agricultural equipment makers were already facing persistent supply chain disruptions and labor strikes that left them unable to meet equipment demand from farmers. # ⚓ IT Wire ☛ Australia_has_4th_highest_cybercrime_rate worldwide:_Surfshark_study [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ Australia is ranked fourth in a global list of countries with the most cybercrime, with 102 victims per one millon internet users – roughly eight times less than the United States. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Medforth ☛ Two_integration_role_models_charged_in_Sweden: they_wanted_to_join_Daesh⠀⇛ On Wednesday May 4, a summons was filed at Gothenburg District Court against 44-year-old Nagmi Barka and his 40-year-old brother Ali Barka. The men are charged with offences under the Criminal Code for public incitement, recruitment and training for terrorist offences and other particularly serious crimes. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Photos_from_Moscow’s_1992_Peace_Parade_In_Russia’s first_post-Soviet_Victory_Day_celebrations,_veterans_from Europe_and_the_U.S._joined_as_friends⠀⇛ In 1992, Moscow’s first Victory Day parade after the fall of the USSR featured no military salutes and no tanks or military equipment. The city gathered World War II veterans from the old Soviet republics, France, the United States, Great Britain, Germany, and Italy. The former soldiers joined a ceremonial march through the center of Moscow to Red Square. That day, a delegation from the U.S. arrived and planted 50 “trees of life” in a show of friendship between Russians and Americans. Here’s what it looked like when Russia celebrated peace. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘This_should_be_a_day_of_mourning_—_not_a celebration’_Meduza’s_readers_on_how_the_war_has_changed_the way_they_view_Victory_Day⠀⇛ The weekend before Victory Day (May 9), Meduza asked readers to tell us whether their feelings about the holiday have changed since the war began — and whether they plan on observing the holiday at all. We received more than 1600 answers from readers in Russia, Ukrainian, Belarus, and other post-Soviet countries. Many of them plan to steer clear of the official celebrations. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Russian_Airstrike_on_Ukrainian_School Reportedly_Kills_Dozens⠀⇛ Dozens were feared killed on Sunday after a Russian airstrike in the Luhansk region of eastern Ukraine reportedly hit a school building sheltering around 90 people. Serhiy Gaidai, the regional governor of Luhansk, said Sunday that 30 people were rescued after the Russian bomb hit the school in the village of Bilohorivka Saturday afternoon but “60 people were likely to have died under the rubble.” # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_airstrike_on_Bilohorivka_school_kills_60 civilians_The_building_was_the_village’s_only_place_left_to hide,_according_to_officials.⠀⇛ The Luhansk regional authorities reported that about 60 people had likely been killed by an air strike on a school in the village of Bilohorivka. According to Regional Governor Serhiy Haidai, of the 90 people hiding in the school, about 30 were saved from under the ruins, but “the remaining 60 people left under the rubble most likely died.” o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Most_Price_Increases_From Inflation_Have_Gone_to_Corporate_Profits⠀⇛ When the history of the 2020s is written, the current inflation panic could very well rival the “but her emails” canard surrounding Hillary Clinton in 2016: The impacts on U.S. politics have been profound, and decidedly negative from any progressive standpoint. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Our_Outrageous_CEO-Worker_Pay Gap:_Unfair_and_Unwise⠀⇛ Would you like to see the evidence that shows how top American corporate CEOs are contributing far more to the success of their enterprises than their British counterparts? Sorry, that evidence does not exist. We have no research that demonstrates the superior talent of top U.S. corporate execs. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ First_Quarter_of_2022_Sees_Record_$1_Billion Spent_on_Lobbying⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Son_of_Ferdinand_Marcos_May_Be_Hours_From Returning_the_Family_to_Power⠀⇛ When Filipinos thronged Manila’s streets in February 1986 calling for an end to Ferdinand Marcos’s despotic regime, Guia and Hugo Yonzon joined the hundreds of thousands of protesters marching down the main highway girding the city. For the Yonzons, as for many who joined the protest that toppled Marcos and came to be known as the “People Power Revolution,” the cause was personal. Both artists in their 30s, the Yonzons had been anti-Marcos activists since college. They contributed to information-sharing networks that were forced underground after Marcos declared martial law in 1972, and had friends among the tens of thousands who were killed, tortured, or disappeared by his administration. # ⚓ New York Times ☛ TikTok_May_Be_More_Dangerous_Than_It Looks⠀⇛ Let’s call this the data espionage problem. Apps like TikTok collect data from users. That data could be valuable to foreign governments. That’s why the Army and Navy banned TikTok from soldiers’ work phones, and why Senator Josh Hawley wrote a bill to ban it on all government devices. TikTok is working on an answer: “Project Texas,” a plan to host data for U.S. customers on U.S. servers, and somehow restrict access by its parent company. But as Emily Baker-White of Buzzfeed News writes in an excellent report, “Project Texas appears to be primarily an exercise in geography, one that seems well positioned to address concerns about the Chinese government accessing Americans’ personal information. But it does not address other ways that China could weaponize the platform, like tweaking TikTok algorithms to increase exposure to divisive content, or adjusting the platform to seed or encourage disinformation campaigns.” Let’s call this the manipulation problem. TikTok’s real power isn’t over our data. It’s over what users watch and create. It’s over the opaque algorithm that governs what gets seen and what doesn’t. TikTok has been thick with videos backing the Russian narrative on the war in Ukraine. Media Matters, for instance, tracked an apparently coordinated campaign driven by 186 Russian TikTok influencers who normally post beauty tips, prank videos and fluff. And we know that China has been amplifying Russian propaganda worldwide. How comfortable are we with not knowing whether the Chinese Communist Party decided to weigh in on how the algorithm treats these videos? How comfortable will we be with a similar situation in five years, when TikTok is even more entrenched in the lives of Americans, and the company has freedom it may not feel today to operate as it pleases? # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_US_Double_Standard_on_Display_in Tepid_Response_to_Israel’s_Theft_of_Palestinian_Land⠀⇛ The Deputy Spokesperson for the State Department, Jalina Porter, on Friday condemned the Israeli government’s announcement that it would build 4,000 further housing units in the Palestinian West Bank, i.e., it would steal land owned by Palestinian families and bring in squatters from Israel to squat on that land. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ Deutsche Welle ☛ Disinformation_on_the_frontlines:_‘War_is not_just_bombs_and_tanks’⠀⇛ Justin Arenstein: We at Code for Africa started tracking influence operations designed to subvert the media in 2012, first by criminal cabals like the Guptas and their British strategists involved in ‘state capture’ corruption in places like South Africa. But increasingly, we have also looked into disinformation campaigns accompanying insurgencies, manufactured conflicts and civil wars in the Sahel region, and counties like Ethiopia, the Central African Republic (CAR), Niger, Mali and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Insurgencies are very good at messaging and pointing out the failing of governments, or democratic processes. But we realized there was was a lot of coordinated, inauthentic amplifications of that messaging. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Alito’s_Draft_Is_an_Attack_on Rights_Beyond_Abortion⠀⇛ On Monday night, a draft majority opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization was leaked. If Justice Samuel Alito’s opinion is adopted, it will overturn Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey. It is radical in its implications. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ McConnell_Floats_Federal_Abortion_Ban_If Right-Wing_Supreme_Court_Overturns_Roe⠀⇛ Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell has signaled that the GOP could pursue a federal ban on abortion if the right-wing Supreme Court overturns Roe v. Wade and Republicans regain control of Congress in the fast-approaching midterm elections. “If the leaked opinion became the final opinion, legislative bodies—not only at the state level but at the federal level—certainly could legislate in that area,” McConnell (R-Ky.) told USA Today in an interview late last week, days after the publication of Justice Samuel Alito’s draft ruling in a Mississippi abortion-ban case sparked nationwide outrage. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Let’s_Work_for_Global,_Anti-Imperialist Reproductive_Justice_This_Mother’s_Day⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ McConnell_Suggests_GOP_May_Pursue_Federal Abortion_Ban_If_“Roe”_Is_Overturned⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ California_May_Soon_Face_Surge_of_Out-of-State Abortion_Patients⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Nonviolent_Direct_Actions_to_Target_Manchin and_Sinema_Over_‘Corrupt_Obstruction’⠀⇛ With abortion rights, the franchise, and the prospect of meaningful climate action under increasingly dire threat, grassroots progressives in West Virginia and Arizona are planning to hold a day of nonviolent direct action later this month to pressure Democratic Sens. Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema to drop their support for the legislative filibuster. “On May 23rd, Arizonans and West Virginians will come together in our states to say, ‘No more!’” reads a statement released by the event’s organizers, a diverse alliance that includes the West Virginia Poor People’s Campaign, the Arizona Coalition to End the Filibuster, and the West Virginia Working Families Party. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Media_Shocked_by_the_Leak,_Not the_Right-Wing_Supreme_Court’s_Opinion⠀⇛ When Politico (5/2/22) published a leaked draft Supreme Court opinion that would, if handed down by the Court, overturn Roe v. Wade and undermine the foundation for many privacy rights enjoyed by Americans today, it was a headline story across US news outlets. But in the flood of coverage, too many elite media outlets focused on the leak itself and treated the issue as a political football, rather than centering the real-world implications the opinion would have for everyday people. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Don’t_Forget_the_People_Most_Impacted_by_Loss_of “Roe”_—_People_on_the_Edges⠀⇛ # ⚓ India ☛ Hyderabad_Murder_Video_Shows_Nagaraju’s_Wife Sulthana_Left_To_Fight_Off_Murderers_Alone⠀⇛ In a massive development, Republic TV has accessed another video of the alleged honour killing in Hyderabad, where a Hindu man named Billapuram Nagaraju was allegedly murdered for marrying a Muslim woman in Saroornagar, in Hyderabad on Wednesday night. # ⚓ NDTV ☛ Pak_Woman_Shot_Dead_By_Brother_For_Choosing_Dancing, Modelling_As_Career⠀⇛ Sidra was modelling for a local clothing brand and danced in theatres of Faisalabad city against the wishes of her family, according to police. # ⚓ Union Of Catholic Asian News ☛ Muslim_man_arrested_for church_attack_in_Bangladesh⠀⇛ The church authority also filed a first information report (FIR) to Vatara police station which covers the area. # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Afghan_Women_Defiant_but_Feel_‘Imprisoned’_by Order_to_Cover_Faces⠀⇛ “Forget about being a woman, I have been stripped of my liberties even as a human being.” Akhundzada’s decree also specified that women working in government jobs who did not follow the order “should be fired” and that employees whose wives and daughters do not comply will also be suspended from their jobs. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSS_Patents:_Mobile_app_markets:_Apple_seeks_to_defend_the status_quo_and_to_defang_procompetitive_measures_—_instead, it_should_finally_start_to_DEFINE_the_future⠀⇛ Change is not just the law of life as JFK put it, but change is coming to iOS. Apple’s leadership may view it otherwise, but neither is it acceptable for a mobile OS duopoly to tax almost the entire software industry nor is it practical for a single company to be the censorship rulemaker and Judge Dredd (judge and executioner) of app reviews. If an app doesn’t violate a country’s laws, it must be available on iOS, “sí o sí” to put it in Spanish. The Dark Age for ISVs (independent software developers, i.e., the ones who depend on platforms) is coming to an end. There is light at the end of the tunnel in the form of the Open App Markets Act (OAMA) in the U.S. and/or the Digital Markets Act (DMA) in the EU. And Apple largely owes it to a district judge who erred to an unbelievable extent on the law, the economics, and the technology that it didn’t lose the first round against Epic Games. # ⚓ Saisies-contrefaçons_and_trade_secrets:_developments_in France_since_the_2018_reform [Ed: Team UPC's Matthieu Dhenne (Ipsilon), a litigation profiteer, on an alternative to the patent system]⠀⇛ The transposition of the 2016 directive on trade secrets into French law by the law of 31 July 2018 and its implementing decree could have led to the expectation of difficulties with the so-called “saisies-contrefaçons”. # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Via_Licensing_wireless_members_to_join_Sisvel_5G patent_pool [Ed: Software_patents_in_Europe]⠀⇛ Then there was one. Via Licensing wants to join Sisvel’s 5G pool with its own portfolio of wireless patents, with a launch planned for autumn 2022. The new pool will also include patents for consumer electronics. # ⚓ SOLiD_and_Jones_Day_repel_CommScope_infringement challenge [Ed: Promotional spam/ad dressed up as "reporting"; JUVE is just a directory for litigation company, with a "news" section that's "testimonials"]⠀⇛ # § Software Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ IBM_sues_Farmville_developer_over_data patents⠀⇛ IBM filed a patent infringement suit against the video game developer behind games such as Farmville and Words with Friends in a Delaware federal court on Monday, May 2. The US technology company claimed that Zynga has used technology originally developed by IBM for its online service Prodigy, which was described in the suit as a “forerunner to today’s internet”. Zynga’s business model relies largely on monetising its games through the processing of user data, including targeted advertising. IBM claimed Zynga has used patented data analytics techniques without permission, helping it achieve revenues of almost $2 billion. “Like other modern technology companies, Zynga recognised IBM’s expertise in the field and decided to incorporate IBM’s prior innovations in big data, analytics, and online advertising instead of spending the time and money to develop its own techniques,” the complaint said. “As Zynga’s business has developed, it has continued to incorporate additional innovations pioneered by IBM,” it added. “But unlike dozens of Zynga’s peers in the industry, Zynga does not have a licence to use IBM’s patents.” According to the suit, Zynga and its subsidiary Chartboost infringed four IBM-owned patents covering technology developed for Prodigy. Prodigy was a joint venture with broadcaster CBS and retailer Sears, offering subscribers a range of networked and telecoms services. The patents-in-suit cover technologies including methods for improving network processing times and allowing more users to access the network. IBM claimed it notified Zynga of its infringement as far back as 2014, and has been trying to negotiate a licence since then. Zynga could soon be part of video game company Take-Two Interactive, which announced in January its plans to buy the video game developer for $12.7 billion. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ RIAA_Uses_DMCA_Subpoena_to_Go_After Discord_Pirates⠀⇛ The RIAA has obtained a subpoena at a Columbia federal court that requires Discord to identify people who shared pirated content on the platform. While this is an isolated request, it’s possible that the music group will use this legal tool to identify other alleged copyright infringers in the future. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Pirate_Site_Blocking_is_Making_its Way_Into_Free_Trade_Agreements⠀⇛ The new free trade agreement between Australia and the UK includes a site blocking paragraph. The text requires the countries to provide injunctive relief to require ISPs to prevent subscribers from accessing pirate sites. While this doesn’t change much for the two countries, rightsholders are already eying similar requirements for trade deals with other nations. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1750 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_09/05/2022:_Thunderbird’s_Android_Plans_and_Gemini_Client_‘Bloat’⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 3:51 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Introduction_to_Linux_Postfix_Architecture_for Beginners⠀⇛  Postfix is a mail transfer agent used for electronic mail routing and delivery. Here’s a detailed explainer of its working. Familiarity with email architectures is essential to be able to respond to various security and performance issues about mailing systems. When mailing systems and mail architectures are examined, it’s found that one of the most important security issues is with mail transfer agents (MTA). Postfix is one of the most secure and configurable mail transfer agents. Here’s everything you need to know about Postfix and its architecture. o ⚓ ZDNet ☛ A_new_job_site_just_for_open-source_jobs_opens_its_doors |_ZDNet⠀⇛ There are many online job sites for technologists. They include Dice, The Ladders, and Crunchboard. But, while there are open-source programs for job sites, such as Jobberbase, there are only a handful of sites specializing in open-source jobs. Now, there’s a new entry trying to become The site for open-source technology jobs: Open Source JobHub. Linux New Media USA, the open-source publishing company behind Linux Magazine and FOSSlife, launched the new global job board to help people find their place in the global open-source ecosystem. The jobs are out there. The Linux Foundation and edX, the leading massive open online course (MOOC) provider, found in their 2021 Open Source Jobs Report more demand for top open-source workers than ever. Besides that, 92% of managers are having trouble finding enough talent and many of them are also struggling to retain their existing senior open-source staffers. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Kubuntu_Focus_M2_Gen4_Linux_Laptop_Starts Shipping,_Boasts_Alder_Lake_CPU_and_QHD_Display⠀⇛ The 4th-generation Kubuntu Focus M2 mobile workstation promises substantial improvements across almost all components when compared with previous Kubuntu Focus M2 generations. For example, it now features a 15.6-inch QHD 1440p (2560×1440 resolution) IPS display with a whopping 165Hz refresh rate and 100% DCI-P3 color coverage (205 DPI), bigger speakers for crisper and louder sound with more bass, and faster charging with a 230W charger. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ Can_SteamOS_and_Steam_Deck_make_Linux_mainstream?_– Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Video ☛ Ubuntu_MATE_22.04_LTS_overview_|_For_a retrospective_future._–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show an overview of Ubuntu MATE 22.04 LTS and some of the applications pre-installed. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.17.6⠀⇛ I'm announcing the release of the 5.17.6 kernel. All users of the 5.17 kernel series must upgrade. The updated 5.17.y git tree can be found at: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ stable/linux-stable.git linux-5.17.y and can be browsed at the normal kernel.org git web browser: https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/stable/ linux-s... thanks, greg k-h # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.15.38⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.10.114⠀⇛ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Linux_5.4.192⠀⇛ o § Bloat in Gemini: Ongoing Debate⠀➾ # ⚓ Re:_Bloat⠀⇛ 99 KLOC (53 KLOC without libraries) is relatively … a lot, for a Gemini client. # ⚓ Re:_On_Bloat_and_Ingrates⠀⇛ Sometimes I hate numbers. I’ve seen many products with good test coverage (> 80%), which don’t work at all or have rotten tests that pass without testing anything. And most software projects can be “cleaned up” to drastically reduce their LOC counters: sometimes, without any change in binary size or general clarity. Yes, LOC is a bad indicator of code quality or readability: you can always find counter-examples, and I’m not a big fan of dwm’s coding style. [...] Those who find Lagrange bloated should blame OpenSSL and SDL, and client developers definitely have multiple options to choose from. (Trying the console-based Lagrange is in my TODO list.) # ⚓ The_Agena_Approach⠀⇛ Lagrange’s new support for the spartan protocol has generated some discussion on whether this should count as “bloat”. [...] Solderpunk’s Agena is a gemini-to-gopher proxy. It acts as a gemini server, but if it’s sent a gemini request for an URI with scheme ‘gopher’, then it sends a gopher request to the corresponding server and translates the response into gemtext (or other appropriate mimetype) or a gemini error code, and serves it as a response to the gemini request. # ⚓ WGAF_about_bloat?⠀⇛ Apparently Lagrange is bloated. Who cares? This isn’t the WWW. There is not a dearth of functional browsers. Use a different one if you don’t like Lagrange. I’m being snarky, but also, I sincerely mean it. The more browsers we use, the less the ecosystem comes to revolve around any one in particular. Use Kristall. Use Amfora. Use a browser you like instead of one you don’t. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ How_To_Install_HPLIP_3.22.4_On_Ubuntu_/_Linux_Mint_|_Tips On_UNIX⠀⇛ This tutorial will be helpful for beginners to download and install hplip 3.22.4 on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, Linux Mint 20.3, and other Linux distributions. HPLIP – HP Linux Image and Printing, developed by HP for Printing, scanning, and faxing with HP inkjet and laser-based printers on Linux platforms. The latest version of HPLIP 3.22.4 contains new Distro support and added support to the new printers and the HPLIP installer is available for download. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Neofetch_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Neofetch on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, Neofetch is a cross-platform and easy- to-use system information command-line script The Neofetch command display brief info about the respective system. It displays info such as Model, OS, Kernel, CPU, GPU, Memory, Uptime, Packages, Shell, Resolution, DE, WM, WP Theme, Theme, Icons, and Terminal. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Neofetch command-line system information on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_use_deb-get_to_install_third-party software_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ If you’re looking for an easier way to install third-party software on Ubuntu, Martin Wimpress has you covered with deb-get. Jack Wallen shows you how to install and use this handy tool. # ⚓ How_To_Install_Docker_On_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_[User_Guide]_| Itsubuntu.com⠀⇛ Docker lets you run your applications in containers as they are more resource-friendly. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS is the latest stable version of the Ubuntu operating system. In this post, we will show you the process of installing Docker on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ Easily_Install_&_Manage_Gnome_Extensions in_Ubuntu_22.04_via_This_App_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Trying out different Gnome Extensions frequently? The new “Extension Manager” app is really a good choice to make life easier! We usually install extensions by browsing through the Gnome Extension website and using the on page on/off switch. Then, manage the settings via a separate ‘Extensions’ app. However, Ubuntu’s pre- installed Firefox does not support the process since it’s a Snap package. Without installing anther browser package and opening the site time by time, a new project “Extension Manager” has been created as an “App Center” for Gnome Extensions. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Java_17_LTS_on_Ubuntu_20.04_–_RoseHosting⠀⇛ Java is a free, open-source, high-level, object- oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies and it can run on all major operating systems that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java 17 LTS is the latest long-term support release that includes security and performance updates, and of-course bug fixes. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Zabbix_on_Debian_and_Ubuntu_Linux_– LinuxStoney⠀⇛ Zabbix is ​​a complex for monitoring your server. Zabbix will also allow you to track the status of a computer network and network equipment. Zabbix is ​​also often used to monitor web servers. In this article, we will look at how to put Zabbix on the lamp stack. Today, we learn how to install zabbix on Debian and Ubuntu Linux. Let’s proceed with the installation… # ⚓ 3_Ways_To_Install_Node.js_On_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_| Itsubuntu.com⠀⇛ Node.js is a JavaScript runtime and it is built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine. In this Ubuntu 22.04 LTS tutorial post, we will show you the easy way to install Node.js on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. There are multiple ways to install Node.js on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. Node.js version 12.22.9, is included with Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ How_to_install_Thunderbird_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS Jammy_Linux⠀⇛ Get the simple steps in this tutorial to install Thunderbird on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy JellyFish using GUI and command terminal. Thunderbird is Mozilla’s developed open source email client available for Windows, macOS, Linux, and other popular operating systems. The secure and free e-mail client “Mozilla Thunderbird” supports all common e-mail accounts, can encrypt outgoing messages on request, offers an integrated RSS reader, and is highly expandable. If you want, you can even use Thunderbird as a Twitter client. For better organization, you can also tag individual mails similar to photos with image managers. Thanks to the integrated add-on manager, you can find and install new extensions in no time. It also offers a service called the YouSendIt service to send large files. o § Wine or Emulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Linux_Gamers,_Rejoice!_Wine_7.8_Lands_With Major_Driver_Enhancements⠀⇛ The Wine project has released development version 7.8, which arrives with some tweaks to drivers that could make Windows games work better on Linux. The move could ultimately make Linux more attractive to gamers, including on Valve’s Steam Deck. [...] WINE is a compatibility layer that allows Windows programs to run on Linux and other non-Windows platforms like macOS and BSD-based systems, as well as on the Raspberry Pi. The main focus of the 7.8 release is enhancements to graphics and sound drivers for the system to improve compatibility with Windows software. The X11 and OSS drivers have been reworked from the standard Linux ELF format to a Portable Executable (PE) format. This means that graphics and sound drivers will work more like Windows drivers that Windows apps will expect. In simpler terms, graphics-and-sound-heavy Windows programs will run more reliably with Wine, especially games. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Robert_McQueen_(GNOME_Foundation):_Evolving_a strategy_for_2022_and_beyond⠀⇛ As a board, we have been working on several initiatives to make the Foundation a better asset for the GNOME Project. We’re working on a number of threads in parallel, so I wanted to explain the “big picture” a bit more to try and connect together things like the new ED search and the bylaw changes. We’re all here to see free and open source software succeed and thrive, so that people can be be truly empowered with agency over their technology, rather than being passive consumers. We want to bring GNOME to as many people as possible so that they have computing devices that they can inspect, trust, share and learn from. In previous years we’ve tried to boost the relevance of GNOME (or technologies such as GTK) or solicit donations from businesses and individuals with existing engagement in FOSS ideology and technology. The problem with this approach is that we’re mostly addressing people and organisations who are already supporting or contributing FOSS in some way. To truly scale our impact, we need to look to the outside world, build better awareness of GNOME outside of our current user base, and find opportunities to secure funding to invest back into the GNOME project. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ Shortwave_3.0_Free_Radio_Player_Comes_with Support_for_GNOME_42⠀⇛ Shortwave internet radio player has reached version 3.0, adding new UI improvements and supporting the new GNOME 42 dark mode. Internet radio is a digital audio service transmitted via the Internet. The internet radio stations have a huge advantage – you can access them from any geographic location. Of course, you may listen to them using a variety of tools. Let us introduce you to Shortwave – one of the best apps for listening to internet radio. The good news is it’s open-source and completely free. Shortwave is a GTK-based internet radio player written in Rust, created as the successor of Gradio, and uses radio- browser.info as its radio stations database, which features more than 30,000 radio stations. o § Distributions⠀➾ # § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ A_Magic_Mirror_for_Raspberry_Pi_(MagicMirror²)_– Binary_Emotions⠀⇛ MagicMirror² is an open source modular smart mirror platform. With a growing list of installable modules, the MagicMirror² allows you to convert your hallway or bathroom mirror into your personal assistant. MagicMirror² is the winner in the official Raspberry Pi magazine’s 50th issue celebration feature voted by the Raspberry Pi community. This plugin installs in a few steps the MagicMirror² project on top of Raspberry Digital Signage. Code is built by the creator of the original MagicMirror with the incredible help of a growing community of contributors. # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ Arch_Linux_finally_adds_a_new installer_to_ease_a_rather_challenging_process_| TechRepublic⠀⇛ Arch Linux is known as an operating system for pros, for those who really know the ins and outs of Linux. If you want Arch that requires a bit less skill, there’s always the likes of Manjaro. But if you want the real deal, know that it’s going to be a bit of a challenge from the outset. However, the developers of Arch Linux have finally added a tool that makes the installation process a bit easier. Before you get too excited, no, it’s not a beautiful GUI that makes it so anyone (with even only a cursory knowledge of Linux) can install with ease. Arch Linux still relies on a text-based installer. However, this new text-based menu system does guide you through the installation of Arch Linux in such a way that, once you get the hang of it, you shouldn’t have any problems finishing the job. How does it work? Let me show you. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Lennart_Poettering:_Fitting_Everything_Together⠀⇛ Over the past years, systemd gained a number of components for building Linux-based operating systems. While these components individually have been adopted by many distributions and products for specific purposes, we did not publicly communicate a broader vision of how they should all fit together in the long run. In this blog story I hope to provide that from my personal perspective, i.e. explain how I personally would build an OS and where I personally think OS development with Linux should go. I figure this is going to be a longer blog story, but I hope it will be equally enlightening. Please understand though that everything I write about OS design here is my personal opinion, and not one of my employer. For the last 12 years or so I have been working on Linux OS development, mostly around systemd. In all those years I had a lot of time thinking about the Linux platform, and specifically traditional Linux distributions and their strengths and weaknesses. I have seen many attempts to reinvent Linux distributions in one way or another, to varying success. After all this most would probably agree that the traditional RPM or dpkg/apt-based distributions still define the Linux platform more than others (for 25+ years now), even though some Linux-based OSes (Android, ChromeOS) probably outnumber the installations overall. And over all those 12 years I kept wondering, how would I actually build an OS for a system or for an appliance, and what are the components necessary to achieve that. And most importantly, how can we make these components generic enough so that they are useful in generic/traditional distributions too, and in other use cases than my own. # ⚓ 10_Best_Features_of_Fedora_36_That_Makes_it_a Powerful_Release⠀⇛ A list of 10 best Fedora 36 Features that you should know about before you try this version of Fedora Linux. # ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ Department_for_Work_and_Pensions Improves_Service_Delivery_Time_to_Meet_Record_Demand with_Red_Hat⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ How_Nokia_and_Red_Hat_are_bringing cloud_RAN_to_reality [Ed: Everything is being rebranded "clown" now (to fake a sense of novelty), even networks]⠀⇛ Two worlds are meeting as parallel technologies advance: cloud-native applications, and the disaggregation of functions for radio access networks (RANs). In both cases the platform technologies are mature enough to converge in a production environment. This unlocks new opportunities for communications service providers (CSPs) to gain competitive edge through faster innovation and greater flexibility, and they are exploring these in earnest. Nokia’s Jane Rygaard, Head of Dedicated Wireless Networks and Edge Clouds, and Red Hat CTO Chris Wright discussed this recently in an interview with Telecom TV: Accelerating cloud RAN technology innovation in the 5G era. # § Debian Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Meike_Reichle_&_Debian_Dating⠀⇛ People who really believe in free software don’t just vanish like this. When professional women come to a Debian event and they see all the women there are already part of a couple it gives them a very bad feeling. The promotion of non-developing developers has benefited a lot of girlfriends who acquired voting rights over the heads of real developers. Debian is spending all this money on legal fees to cover up these relationships… [...] On 5 December 2018, the Debian leader’s ex- girlfriend, Molly de Blanc, who never did any technical work, was given the highest rank, Debian Developer. How would Lucy Wayland and all the other women feel? When women see a promotion like that, they feel that their skills are being ignored and the only way to get ahead is to sleep with somebody. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ Ubuntu_21.10_(Impish_Indri)_Will_Reach End_of_Life_on_July_14th,_2022⠀⇛ Dubbed “Impish Indripo”, Ubuntu 21.10 was released on October 14th, 2021, and it’s an interim release supported with software and security updates for only nine months. Canonical already slated the end-of-life for Ubuntu 21.10 on July 14th, 2022, two months from the moment of writing this article, to give users enough time to upgrade their installations to the latest Ubuntu release, in this case, Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish). # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ What_is_supercomputing?_[part_3]_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ These days, supercomputing has become a synonym for high-performance computing. However, they are not exactly interchangeable: supercomputers and supercomputing generally refer to the larger cluster deployments and the computation that takes place there, while HPC mainly refers to a computation that’s performed using extremely fast computers on clusters that can vary from small scale HPC clusters to large supercomputers. Most often HPC clusters and supercomputers even share most of the same architecture and are both being built out of commodity servers. But of course, some systems are still being built to reflect a closer representation of supercomputing as it was known in the past. Historically, supercomputing was a type of high-performance computing that took advantage of a special set of systems. Similar to the HPC clusters of today, they worked on massively complex or data-heavy problems, although comparing the two is a little bit like comparing apples to pears when it comes to computing power. Even a mere mobile phone today is more powerful than the first supercomputers. For example, some mobile phones can reach a few gigaflops whereas the CDC 6600 was estimated to deliver about 3 megaflops. However, at the time, supercomputers were more powerful than anything else on the market, very expensive to build and develop, and their architecture was far superior to the personal computers that were available at the time. That is why they were called supercomputers. They were the original HPC systems and were generally reserved for the realm of governments and research universities. Unlike current HPC clusters, supercomputers were quite different in terms of architecture. Ultimately, they were huge multi-processor systems with very specialised functionality. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Liliputing ☛ Banana_Pi_BPI-R2_Pro_board_lets_you_build_an open_source_router_with_an_RK3568_processor⠀⇛  The Banana Pi BPI-R2 Pro is a single-board computer with a Rockchip RK3568 processor, 2GB of LPDDR4 memory, 16GB of eMMC storage. But what sets this little computer apart from most single-board PCs is that it’s designed for use as a router. It has five Gigabit Ethernet ports and connectors that you can use to add an optional wireless card. # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Purism ☛ Cameras:_It’s_Complicated_–_Purism⠀⇛ Two years before I started working on cameras for the Librem 5, I thought the work would go something like this: first, write a driver, then maybe calibrate the colors, connect to the camera support infrastructure, and bam! PureOS users on the phone would then do teleconferences with Jitsi or snap selfies with Cheese, just like they can on laptops. The title of this blog post already gives away what happened. I wrote a driver and connected it up, yet teleconferences remain in the future. In fact, our version of Megapixels is the only app that can shoot photos on the Librem 5 today, and that’s because it received special attention. How come? Aren’t cameras pretty simple in the end? Light in, pixels out. That’s pretty plug-and-play! Well actually, no. Cameras can be made of a multitude of components, and light sensors are just one piece of the puzzle. There are cameras that output raw light values, but the whole module also includes mechanical parts like a flash light, focus motor, or one for zoom, or maybe active image stabilization actuators. There are also Image Signals Processors (ISPs) which can do a multitude of tasks, like debayering, denoising, lens correction, color balance, color conversions, and more. # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Bee_Motion_ESP32-S2_PIR_motion_sensor offers_GPIOs,_over_a_year_of_battery_life_–_CNX Software⠀⇛ Smart Bee Designs’ Bee Motion is an ESP32-S2 board with a PIR motion sensor, some GPIOs for expansion, and promising over a year of battery life under the right circumstances. If the name “Bee Motion” rings a bell, it’s because we covered the Bee Motion Mini board last month with an ESP32-C3 processor and a PIR sensor, but no USB port for programming and no expansion ability. It was just designed to be used as a battery-powered wireless PIR motion sensor. The Bee Motion expands the use cases of the solution, although it only features WiFi connectivity, and loses Bluetooth LE. # ⚓ MacRumors ☛ Apple_CarPlay_Workaround_for_Tesla Vehicles_Now_Available_to_Download_–_MacRumors⠀⇛ The workaround involves using a Rasberry Pi with an LTE modem and a Wi-Fi access point, running a custom Android-based firmware, as well as a micro-HDMI to HDMI cable and Ethernet cable. As demonstrated in a YouTube video, the in-car browser is used to connect to the Rasberry Pi and display the ‌‌CarPlay‌‌ interface on the Tesla’s screen, where Apple apps including Maps and ‌Apple Music‌ function as expected. The system works while driving, and can also be controlled with the media buttons on the Tesla’s steering wheel. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ Golf_Ace_helps_you_learn_how_to_putt_like the_pros_using_tinyML_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Fancy golfing simulators are excellent for learning the best techniques such as balance and how to hold a club properly. However, their large cost puts them out of the reach of most people, so Nick Bild decided to create a far cheaper alternative that can still be beneficial. His Golf Ace system relies on a specially modified putter that runs a machine learning algorithm to give feedback about the quality of the putt. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Bee_Motion_ESP32-S2_PIR_motion_sensor offers_GPIOs,_over_a_year_of_battery_life_–_CNX Software⠀⇛ # ⚓ Give_your_car_wireless_CarPlay_and_Android_Auto_with the_AI_Box_Lite⠀⇛ # ⚓ GSM Arena ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_A51_receives_Android_12 with_OneUI_4.1_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Giz China ☛ ZTE_USA_abandons_Axon_10_Pro_users_with Android_10_and_broken_GPS⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Nothing_Launcher_launches_in_Beta_for Pixel_5_and_6_series_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ This_Clever_Raspberry_Pi_Hack_Adds_Android_Auto_to Tesla_Vehicles_–_Review_Geek⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Paranoid_Android’s_Sapphire_beta_is coming_to_more_phones,_including_the_OnePlus_7_Pro⠀⇛ # ⚓ Medevel ☛ Habo_is_your_next_open-source_Habit Tracking_App⠀⇛ Habo is released under the GPL-3.0 license. o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ Apache Blog ☛ The_Apache_News_Round-up:_week_ending_6_May 2022⠀⇛ Welcome, May –we’re opening the month with another great week. Here’s what the Apache community has been up to # § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Thunderbird_could_come_to_Android_sooner_rather than_later_–_LinuxStoney⠀⇛ After years of stumbling without a certain destination, it seems that the situation of Thunderbird is clearing up and that the project has ambitious plans, since its arrival on Android could take place sooner rather than later, according to one of the main people in charge of the application. The story comes from a Twitter conversion featuring Adam Overa, a staff writer at Tom’s Hardware, and Jason Evangelho, a well-known Linux popularizer and recently Thunderbird marketing manager. Overa asked in response to the tweet in which Evangelho announced his new position if it was possible to polish the user interface and have a mobile application. Evangelho responded by saying that he was going to ask his now colleagues about the possibility of the email client reaching mobile phones, and Ryan Lee Sipes , manager of product and business development at Thunderbird, appeared there, saying that the mobile application is in road . The reason why we have said Android at the beginning instead of mobile phones is because Sipes retweeted a montage of Overa in which the phrase “release APK file” , or what comes to the same thing, a installation package for Android. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ I Programmer ☛ Oracle’s_Java_Losing_Out_To_Amazon’s⠀⇛ From having around three-quarters of the Java market in 2022, its share has now fallen to just over a third. In the same period Amazon has gone from a 2% share to 22%. # ⚓ The Hare Programming Language ☛ Implementing_an_SSH agent_in_Hare⠀⇛ In the process of writing an SSH agent for Himitsu, I needed to implement many SSH primitives from the ground up in Hare, now available via hare-ssh. Today, I’m going to show you how it works! * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Speed_Fever⠀⇛ The other night in Barcelona I was walking around the gothic quarter. I just got done eating some halal food from a place someone had recommended to me, and after miscommunicating to the staff that I wanted it for take out instead of dine in, I was forced to gobble my delicious little falafel in the street. No water either. I was so worried I may need some water that it occupied my mind a bit more than the food did. You know when you eat too fast and you get a hard lump of food stuck in your chest? That’s what I was thinking about. After doing some visual meditations with Chris, I realized that it was perfectly possible for me to ignore my senses. I think our minds only have a set amount of space to store conscious perception, one that’s shared between our 5 senses and our thoughts. If one is full enough in thought, the stream of information from your senses may get tossed aside for lack of room, even if it’s a delicious steaming falafel in Spain. o ⚓ The_Tell_Rick_and_Morty_Missed⠀⇛ Rick & Morty’s parallel episodes show myriad alternative versions. There’s Fat Rick, Juggling Rick, et c. o ⚓ Source_Sandals⠀⇛ This is an amazing piece of fine engineering, with sustainability in mind. In addition, these sandals are very economical: in the long term, they’re extremely long-lasting. The warranty covers the things that matter (my sandals are still covered), and I’ve heard of people who received a new pair from the factory, after phasing out an old pair in favor a new but defective one. In the short term, they’re relatively affordable, especially if you buy them during the annual summer discounts. (However, I don’t know if they’re available at the same price internationally, and it’s not surprising that comparable imported sandals, like Teva’s, tend to cost cost much more here.) o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ I_wish_I_was_smart⠀⇛ So I had interview today. I was asked some very basic programming questions. I barely could answer half of them… I could go over what I asked but it was basically “what does keyword mean” or “what is difference between x and y” I didn’t really know many of it. I am bit bummed. I was never really taught these things, nor never really learned them on my own. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ Apple_Mail_Now_Blocks_Email_Trackers [Ed: Apple itself does the tracking of users; Bruce Schneier has become useless at those things, maybe time to retire already... he keeps promoting GAFAM talking points instead of security; Bruce Schneier also inadvertently reveals that he uses Web pages in place of Email]⠀⇛ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Monday⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by CentOS (firefox and thunderbird), Debian (ecdsautils and libz-mingw-w64), Fedora (cifs-utils, firefox, galera, git, java-1.8.0-openjdk, java-11- openjdk, java-17-openjdk, java-latest- openjdk, mariadb, maven-shared-utils, mingw-freetype, redis, and seamonkey), Mageia (dcraw, firefox, lighttpd, rsyslog, ruby-nokogiri, and thunderbird), Scientific Linux (thunderbird), SUSE (giflib, kernel, and libwmf), and Ubuntu (dbus and rsyslog). # ⚓ Linux Foundation’s Site/Blog ☛ OpenSSF Announces_15_New_Members_To_Further_Strengthen Open_Source_Software_Supply_Chain_Security [Ed: A very_bizarre_notion_of_“security”]⠀⇛ This round of commitments is led by two new premier members, Atlassian and Sonatype, who will join the OpenSSF governing board. New general member commitments come from Arnica, Bloomberg, Comcast, Cycode, F5 Networks, Futurewei Technologies, Legit Security, Sectrend, SUSE, and Tenable. # ⚓ Yahoo News ☛ OpenSSF_Announces_15_New_Members To_Further_Strengthen_Open_Source_Software_Supply Chain_Security⠀⇛ # ⚓ BPFDoor:_Chinese_tool_almost_undetected_for FIVE_years_is_second_BPF-based_attack_uncovered this_year⠀⇛ Researchers have uncovered a highly- evasive Chinese surveillance tool using the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF). The malware, dubbed BPFDoor, is present on “thousands” of Linux systems, its controller has gone almost completely unnoticed by endpoint protection vendors despite it being in use for at least five years. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ What_will_it_take_for_mass surveillance_tech_companies_to_respond_on human_rights?⠀⇛ It’s been at least 485 days since we and local partners first tried to contact companies that distribute mass surveillance technology in Latin America. In August 2021, jointly with Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC), the Laboratório de Políticas Públicas e Internet (LAPIN), and LaLibre.net (Tecnologías Comunitarias), we launched a report on some of the companies deploying such tech in Argentina, Brazil, and Ecuador, drawing attention to the opacity of their agreements with the governments. We hope this blog post serves to solicit a serious response from the companies about their operations and responsibility to respect human rights. Below, we share what has happened since we published our report, and the questions we want to see answered. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Public Knowledge ☛ Biden_Administration_Signals_Short-Term Win,_Uncertain_Future_on_Broadband_Policy_–_Public Knowledge⠀⇛ Today, President Biden and Vice President Harris will announce that the administration is accepting voluntary commitments from broadband providers to offer $30 a month internet service to qualifying low-income consumers as part of the existing Federal Communications Commission’s Affordable Connectivity Program. These voluntary commitments form a strange juxtaposition to the aggressive delay efforts orchestrated by the very same broadband providers, wireless carriers, and broadcasters the FCC regulates to stall the confirmation of Gigi Sohn, a strong consumer champion, to the agency. These delay tactics hamstring the agency’s work to provide oversight and enforceable consumer protections for affordable broadband for all Americans. Public Knowledge urges the Biden administration to support its nominee by securing Ms. Sohn’s Senate confirmation and clarifying its commitment to the long-term protection of consumers in the broadband market. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Unilin_Receives_Confirmation_on_Patent_Covering Unicoat_Technology [Ed: Those are very broad patents which cover monopolies instead of people]⠀⇛ The written decision confirms that this patent EP 3 294 969 is not limited to the specific Unicoat technology, but also covers other waterproof coatings that protect the edges of HDF-based floors from water damage. # ⚓ Mondaq ☛ Episode_10:_An_Update_On_Patent_Prosecution Trends_With_Jon_Roses_(Podcast) [Ed: It is all about harassment and litigation to these people, nothing at all to do with science]⠀⇛ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3008 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.09.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_09/05/2022:_New_KWin/Plasma_5.25_and_LibreOffice_Quality_Assurance Annual_Report⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:31 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Distributions o Devices/Embedded * Free_Software/Open_Source * Leftovers * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ 9to5Linux_Weekly_Roundup:_May_8th,_2022⠀⇛ This week started strong with the release of the Firefox 100 web browser, which finally enables GTK overlay scrollbars on Linux systems by default, a new Nitrux monthly update with the latest KDE goodies and a few surprises, as well as the Tails 5.0 OS for anonymous web surfing and communication, a major update based on Debian GNU/Linux 11. Talking about Debian GNU/Linux 11, it received a major Linux kernel security update that addressed 19 security vulnerabilities. But the week ended up quite very slow on news and releases, so you can enjoy these news and the latest downloads in 9to5Linux’s Linux weekly roundup for May 8th, 2022, below! o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSSBytes ☛ After_Germany,_China_Now_Wants_To_Ditch_Windows And_Run_Linux_On_50_Million_PCs!⠀⇛ If you’ve been closely following Linux news, you may have heard about Germany dumping Windows in favor of Linux on over 25,000 PCs last year. At that point, the community predicted that a lot of other countries might ditch Windows for Linux. The prediction was pretty much on point as China has recently announced that it’ll be ditching Windows for Linux on over 50 million PCs! While the end goal of both the countries is the same, their reasoning for doing the same differs. Germany did it so that the government could save on licensing costs and promote open-source. China’s doing it to “remove foreign operating systems” so that they could maintain the OS in the country. While this is a big win for Linux and open-source software, it’s bad news for laptop/PC manufacturers like Dell, HP, etc., and software companies like Adobe and Microsoft, except Lenovo and Kingsoft. While manufacturers will be driven into the corner for being “foreign” companies, homegrown companies like Lenovo, Huawei, and Kingsoft might see rapid market growth in the forthcoming years. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ What_Valve_isn’t_telling_you_about_the_Steam_Deck._ (Saying_the_quiet_part_out_loud)_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ Automated_Chaos_|_LINUX_Unplugged_457⠀⇛ Each of us brings a secret topic to the show, and we discover a common theme about using the wrong tool for the right job. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ VK_KHR_pipeline_executable_properties_–_Developer_Log⠀⇛ Sometimes you want to go and inspect details of the shaders that are used with specific draw calls in a frame. With RenderDoc this is really easy if the driver implements VK_KHR_pipeline_executable_properties. This extension allows applications to query the driver about various aspects of the executable code generated for a Vulkan pipeline. I implemented this extension for V3DV, the Vulkan driver for Raspberry Pi 4, last week (it is currently in review process) because I was tired of jumping through loops to get the info I needed when looking at traces. For V3DV we expose the NIR and QPU assembly code as well as various others stats, some of which are quite relevant to performance, such as spill or thread counts. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Only_Microsoft_can_give_open-source_the gift_of_NTFS._Only_Microsoft_needs_to [Ed: NTFS is not a gift, it's a lousy file system that should go away. The sooner, the better.]⠀⇛ Then a good thing happened – but if 2022 has any lessons for us, it’s that we can’t have good things. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Best_Image_Editors_for_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Social media is becoming more prevalent in our society by the day, and all the big players in the field know how to attract massive audiences – through pictures, of course. Whether you’re on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, or Reddit, keeping up appearances is crucial on every platform. Image editors are what keep the ball rolling in terms of pretty pictures on the internet. Luckily for Linux users, there is a reasonably wide variety of powerful image editors out there. In this guide, we’ll mention the best ones and dive into their functionality. [...] Since Adobe Photoshop isn’t directly available on Linux, editing images has never been as simple on Linux as it is on Windows. Nonetheless, there are some quite powerful replacements out there, such as GIMP and Krita. On the other hand, if you’re looking for a simpler option, Pinta can be a great choice. Hopefully, you are now well equipped to edit images on your Linux system! o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_CyberPanel_on_AlmaLinux_8_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install CyberPanel on AlmaLinux 8. For those of you who didn’t know, CyberPanel is a free and open-source web hosting control panel that comes with an OpenLiteSpeed Web server to provide the best possible performance. With CyberPanel, you can manage SSL certificates, use a user-friendly file manager, configure the web application firewall, manage DNS, manage emails, and more. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the CyberPanel open-source web hosting control panel on AlmaLinux 8. You can follow the same instructions for Fedora, RHEL, CentOS, and Rocky Linux distributions. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Foreman_on_Ubuntu/Debian Servers⠀⇛ In this post, you will learn How to install Foreman on Ubuntu/Debian Servers Foreman is an open-source software which is used for managing the lifecycle of virtual and physical servers. It is a server management tool that helps system administrator to perform configuration, server deployment, provisioning, orchestration and monitoring and more. Foreman offers support for tools like Puppet, Salt Stack, Ansible, Chef. It helps in automating repetitive tasks. It has a great, responsive, full of features WebGUI which makes system administrator to perform tasks more quickly. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Changing_the_Login_Screen_Background_in_Ubuntu 22.04_&_20.04_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ The latest Ubuntu systems use GNOME as a default theme. GDM3 is the default display manager which is responsible for loading the login screen. We need to tweak settings in gdm3 to change the background of the login screen. This tutorial will help you to change the default login screen background on Ubuntu systems. # ⚓ Linux:_chmod_awesome_tips_and_tricks⠀⇛ One of the most common tasks in Linux is setting file permissions, on this article we will explore some cool tips on how to do you job easier! # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ What_sysadmins_need_to_know_about systemd’s_oneshot_service_type⠀⇛ systemd is a robust tool for handling Linux services. If you’ve interacted with a systemd service file, it’s probably been a simple or forking type. There are many other service types in systemd, including exec, dbus, notify, idle, and oneshot, each with different functions. # ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ Useful_Examples_of_the_Docker_ps_Command⠀⇛ One of the first Docker commands you use is the docker ps command. It shows the running containers: docker ps Actually, running this command gives you a list of running containers and their unique container ID, image name, the command it is executing, time since it is running (uptime), and the ports it is using. But you can do a bit more with it. You can display stopped containers, filter the result or just display the container IDs. Let’s take a bit more detailed look at this essential Docker command. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ Install_Swift_programming_language_on_Ubuntu 20.04_LTS_Jammy⠀⇛ Swift is a programming language developed by Apple that can be used alongside Objective-C for programming apps and applications. It is a beginner-friendly language that a developer can use to develop apps for iOS. It was introduced to the world in 2014 as a new programming language for programming in the Apple ecosystem. The language is especially relevant in the development of iOS apps, but can also be used in the macOS environment. However, Swift is not limited to Apple systems, Linux users can also use it to develop applications. # ⚓ How_to_install_Docker-CE_on_Ubuntu_22.04_–_NextGenTips⠀⇛ Docker is a set of platform-as-a-service products that uses OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers. Containers are usually isolated from one another and bundled with their own software libraries and configuration files, they can communicate with each other through well-defined channels. Docker makes it possible to get more apps running on the same old servers and also makes it easy to package and ship programs. In this tutorial am going to show you how you can install Docker-CE on Ubuntu 20.04. # ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_Enable_full_disk_encryption⠀⇛ The best way to keep your Ubuntu 22.04 system and files completely secure in the case of theft is to enable full disk encryption. This way, if your device is stolen or someone is sitting at your desk and trying to boot into your PC, they will need to know your password in order to mount any partitions. Even if they access the hard drive content through other means, all files would be encrypted and no one could read their contents. # ⚓ Ubuntu_22.04_not_booting:_Troubleshooting_Guide⠀⇛ If you are having trouble booting into your Ubuntu 22.04 system, there is a tool called Boot Repair that can remedy a broad range of frequent issues. Usually trouble with booting can be due to the GRUB boot menu or a corrupt file in the /boot directory. Whatever the case may be, Boot Repair is an excellent software to help us start troubleshooting. In this tutorial, we will show you how to boot your computer into recovery mode and download the Boot Repair utility to perform troubleshooting. Follow along with us below for help with troubleshooting boot issues on Ubuntu 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Vagrus_–_The_Riven_Realms,_a_deep_and difficult_RPG_adds_a_new_companion,_keybinds⠀⇛ Vagrus – The Riven Realms, an impressive deep and challenging turn-based fantasy RPG has a big post- release update out now, which brings a new companion. A multi-award winning game, with a strong focus on the narrative (you need to love to read for this one), open-world exploration and lots of strategy elements make up a thoroughly unique experience for fans of RPGs and turn-based combat — along with plenty of trading and decision making. You lead a caravan through a completely ruined world hit by multiple cataclysmic events that’s created a dark and strange world. With the new update out, it adds in a new Companion to the game: the garrulous Undead cook called Vorax, who brings new perks to the table such as his Deputy role Supercargo, as well as his cooking during camping and combat Skills that make him a great support fighter. He comes with his own, expansive Loyalty quest chain, which involves a cooking challenge as well as a less gleeful delve in his dark past. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Stardew_Valley_hits_20_million_sales⠀⇛ Stardew Valley, the peaceful farming life sim from ConcernedApe has hit over 20 million sales two years on from hitting 10 million. While the creator has moved onto the next project, Haunted Chocolatier, it seems there’s no stopping the massive amount of sales on Stardew. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Best_Chess_Games_to_Install_on_Ubuntu⠀⇛ One of the oldest skill-based strategy games in the world, chess is played and loved by millions all around the globe. It is a war fought over the board, and every war requires strategy – the main playing component of chess. Whether you’ve been a chess player for many years or here because of the recent popularity boom that chess is experiencing, there are tons of Linux chess apps you can enjoy. In this guide, we’ll go over the 5 best ones – let’s get into it! # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Heroic_Games_Launcher_for_Epic_&_GOG_gets themes,_platform_selection,_favourites_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Heroic Games Launcher continues evolving to provide a way to manage your Epic Games and GOG libraries on Linux and other platforms with a fresh Beta release out now. This is version 2.3.0 Beta 2, another chance for people test before the next full release. One of the major additions is support for themes, so you can pick from a few built-in and no doubt they will expand it over time. Currently, it’s just tweaking the colours. See the default (left) versus Dracula theme (right) — click to enlarge. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Wave_Break_from_Funktronic_Labs_gets_a major_update_and_Native_Linux_support⠀⇛ Wave Break, originally a timed-exclusive for Stadia that released on Steam in June 2021 just had a big upgrade, which also included a new Native Linux version. Not only that, it’s also Steam Deck Verified now too with this Native Linux build. Never seen it before? Imagine skateboarding — with boats. Inspired by skateboarding classics, you will grind, grab, kickflip and shoot your way through an explosive 80s crime-filled Miami Vice themed world. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ ScummVM_adds_support_for_the_1995_shooter Wetlands_from_Hypnotix_|_GamingOnLinux⠀⇛ Another classic gets a new life thanks to ScummVM, which just recently added support for the 1995 shooter Wetlands. Work on this and the HYPNO game engine has been ongoing for some time now, with the team mentioning that it’s now properly ready for some public testing. “This sci-fi rail shooter was created by Hypnotix and published by New World Computing in 1995. The game includes 20 action-packed levels, cinematic cutscenes, attractive hand-drawn characters, and stunning 3D backgrounds. Set in 2495, humanity is now forced to live in underwater cities after a nuclear test gone wrong caused uninterrupted worldwide rain. A war is unleashed between The Federation (Earth’s remaining governments) and the Volarins, a group of terrorists led by the mad scientist and Wetlands’ main villain, Phillip Nahj. You’ll play as John Cole, a ruthless mercenary hired to catch Nahj alive.” # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ fheroes2_for_Heroes_of_Might_and_Magic_II improves_hotkeys,_cursors_and_languages⠀⇛ fheroes2, a game engine reimplementation for Heroes of Might and Magic II, has another release out further improving the game for various platforms. Continuing to be the best choice to play this classic, the developers working on it have continued to expand what’s possible. Featuring support for the Black and White cursors, they said “Now some players can enjoy the perfection of monochrome graphics”. Hotkey support was expanded too with a separate window where you can view them all to make it easier. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Set_across_Europe,_point_&_click_adventure Crowns_and_Pawns:_Kingdom_of_Deceit_is_out⠀⇛ Ready for a colourful and modern point & click adventure game set all across Europe? Crowns and Pawns: Kingdom of Deceit from Tag of Joy and publisher Thunderful is out now. With development lead by the art director from Broken Sword 2.5 and featuring a talented voice cast that have starred in the likes of The Monkey Island series, Day of the Tentacle, the upcoming God of War: Ragnarok, The Wolf Among Us and more, Crowns and Pawns: Kingdom of Deceit takes you on a thrilling trip across beautifully rendered locations in Eastern Europe imbued with romanticism and conspiratorial intrigue. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Best_Linux_Distros_for_Gaming_in_2022⠀⇛ The Linux operating system has come a long way from its original, simple, server-based look. Linux has become a powerhouse due to its extremely large community. The development of so many Linux-based distributions is each catered to the interests of a particular fanbase. This evolution has revolutionized the dynamic of gaming in Linux as well. There are now hundreds of games available in Linux, and the list keeps on growing. In this, we will go over the best Linux distros for gaming that are currently available. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ What’s_cooking_in_KWin?_Plasma_5.25⠀⇛ We’re past the soft feature freeze of the next Plasma release, so it’s a good time to step back and a have look at the work that has been done in KWin during 5.25 development cycle. A lot of focus has been put into improving gesture integration in the Wayland session. In 5.24, the desktop grid effect got support for real-time gestures. In 5.25, the support for real-time gestures has been expanded. Effects such as slide, window aperture (animates windows when transitioning to the “show desktop” mode), and overview now support animations that “follow fingers.” o § Distributions⠀➾ # § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Arch_Linux_–_News:_QEMU_>=_7.0.0_changes_split package_setup⠀⇛ With the update to qemu 7.0.0 the package has been turned into a more fine grained split package utilizing meta packages. # § IBM/Red Hat/Fedora⠀➾ # ⚓ Next_Open_NeuroFedora_meeting:_9_May_1300_UTC⠀⇛ Please join us at the next regular Open NeuroFedora team meeting on Monday 9 May at 1300 UTC The meeting is a public meeting, and open for everyone to attend. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Cloud_service_providers:_How_to_keep your_options_open [Ed: IBM recommends outsourcing servers, based on misinformation and buzzwords]⠀⇛ As with the PC sitting on your desk, the laptop in your backpack, and the virtual private server you rent from your favorite web hosting service, you have your choice in vendors for cloud computing. The brand names are different than the hardware brands you’ve known over the years, but the concept is the same. To run Linux, you need a computer. To run Linux on the cloud, you need a cloud service provider. And just like the hardware and firmware that ships with your computer, there’s a spectrum for how open source your computing stack can be. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Using_Unsafe_safely_in_GraalVM_Native Image⠀⇛ The perils of using the Unsafe class in Java applications are well documented. Although Unsafe has historically offered access to low-level programming features, it exposes internal details of the implementation and its use is therefore highly discouraged. If you submit code that uses the Unsafe API to the GraalVM Native Image compiler, you can encounter even more problems that don’t exist on dynamic JVMs such as HotSpot. This article looks at the issues that GraalVM Native Image can potentially introduce with Unsafe, and offers coding techniques that can help you achieve some of the goals you might want to use Unsafe for. Among other things, we’ll look at the VarHandles API, which was introduced in the JDK as an alternative to some of the Unsafe APIs. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Kafka_Monthly_Digest:_April_2022⠀⇛ This is the 51st edition of the Kafka Monthly Digest, and covers what happened in the Apache Kafka community in April 2022. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ IT_hiring:_Assumptions_and truths_about_the_current_talent_shortage [Ed: IBM continues to perpetuate the "Great Resignation" while laying off a huge number of workers, against their will. IBM did have talent, but it had to pay decent salaries to such people, so it laid them off instead.]]⠀⇛ Qualified talent has been hard to come by in 2022 and even harder to retain as the Great Resignation continues. The most profound impacts are being felt by the tech and healthcare industries as mid-level employees leave in droves. # § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Manjaro_Vs._Ubuntu⠀⇛ Everyone who is associated with technology and programming must have heard of names like Ubuntu, Arch Linux, Debian, and Mint. While many of you have years of experience working on various kernels, switching platforms, and developing software, there’s a fair amount of individuals who don’t have enough knowledge regarding the smaller and currently emerging distributions. One such distro is Manjaro. Today, we’ll be comparing the two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Manjaro. As a parent open-source software, Linux was released way back in 1991 with its UNIX-like operating systems that were based on the Linux Kernel. For operating systems on servers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers, Linux’s working environment proved a turning point in providing ease, security, and a reliable platform to code on. Some of the most popular distributions of Linux include Ubuntu, Mint, Arch Linux, Debian, and Fedora. # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ The_State_of_IoT_–_April_2022_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Welcome back to the monthly State of IoT. In case you missed it, here is a roundup from last March’s news. Vehicle connectivity, smart homes, new SoCs and a real-time Ubuntu kernel captured the headlines this April. Let’s jump straight into it! # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Let’s_meet_at_Hannover_Messe_2022_|_Ubuntu⠀⇛ Hannover Messe, one of the world’s largest trade fairs, dedicated to the industrial sectors (drive engineering, automation, robotics, R&D and industrial IT), will be held in Hannover, Germany from May 30th to June 2nd 2022. Come join us at Hall 5, Booth B51/1, where we will discuss all things IoT and embedded and introduce you to a new Ubuntu Core version. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ PR Newswire ☛ Incredibuild_Launches_Support_for_Yocto Project®_–_Bolstering_Solution_for_Linux⠀⇛ # § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ Arduino_Nicla_Vision_integrates STM32H7_MCU_with_Wi-Fi,_BLE_and_camera_support⠀⇛ The Nicla Vision is built around the STM32H7 (dual core M7/M4). This board comes in a tiny form factor and offers an on-board 2MP camera, Bluetooth 4.2 , Wi-Fi support and a 6-axis IMU. The Nicla Vision can be used as a standalone or in conjunction with Portenta and MKR components. The microcontrollers used by the Nicla Vision are the Arm Cortex M7 (up to 480MHz) and the Arm Cortex M4 (240MHz). The wireless interface consists of a Murata 1DX Wi-Fi/BT LE module. The 2MP onboard camera supports tinyML which is a platform to run machine learning modules on low power MCUs. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ 4_things_IT_leaders_should know_about_RISC-V⠀⇛ When talking about open source, people usually talk about software. Data may be part of the conversation as well. Hardware? Not so often. Especially when it comes to complex devices like microprocessors. However, we’re starting to see significant projects that open up hardware to a large community of individuals and companies. Perhaps none is bigger than RISC-V. # § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Android_13_Beta_for_TV_available_for Google_ADT-3_devkit_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android_13_To_Strip_Accessibility_Features_From Sideloaded_Apps_/_Digital_Information_World⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Google_releases_Android_13_Beta_1_for_Android TV_and_Google_TV⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Android_13:_Everything_We_Know_So_Far About_the_New_OS_Update⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ OnePlus_9RT_gets_a_taste_of_Android_12L_via these_custom_ROMs⠀⇛ # ⚓ India Times ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_A32_starts_receiving Android_12_update_in_India_–_Times_of_India⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Save_a_Webpage_to_PDF_on Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Chromebook_users_can_look_forward_to Android_apps_and_games_that_work_better,_and_soon⠀⇛ # ⚓ TechRadar ☛ Next_Android_update_is_bringing_a_much- missed_feature_back_to_Pixel_phones_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Survey_shows_this_is_the_most used_Android_version_right_now⠀⇛ # ⚓ PC World ☛ Best_free_antivirus_for_Android_2022_| PCWorld⠀⇛ # ⚓ India Today ☛ Xiaomi_Pad_5_review:_A_good_Android tablet_that_offers_top_value_–_Technology_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Paranoid_Android_Sapphire_Beta_is_now_available for_more_devices⠀⇛ o § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ # ⚓ LinuxInsider ☛ Open-Source_Code_a_Marginal_Problem, Managing_It_the_Key_Challenge:_Report [Ed: Jack M. Germain should know better than to become a megaphone of Microsoft proxy_Black_Duck, relaying FUD for personal gain. Black Duck’s FUD dressed up as ‘article’.]⠀⇛ Businesses using open-source code — which is embedded in a large majority of enterprise-grade software — need a full-scale inventory of its existence. That is missing in many corporate IT records. Without a detailed accounting of open-source code running within their software, companies have no way to monitor software policies, licenses, vulnerabilities, and versions. That means IT departments are clueless about the overall health of the open-source components they use. # § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ Document Foundation ☛ Annual_Report:_LibreOffice Quality_Assurance_in_2021⠀⇛ Quality Assurance (QA) is a cornerstone of the LibreOffice project, thanks to the activity of a large number of volunteers and the feedback of many users who help in reporting bugs and regressions. # § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ A_hybrid_development_Docker_Compose_setup_for_Rails⠀⇛ The arguments for dockerizing the whole development environment are usually in terms of matching production. That means running the same versions of databases, utilities, and services. Having it formalized also means that every team member can immediatelly start working or return to a working setup. I understand this argument a lot as it’s the reason I usually had a Vagrant environment around for my own projects. Even when I developed without a virtual machine, I would write a Vagrantfile to be able to run things in case of anything breaking. So I get it. But it’s not the same with Docker. Dockerizing an entire development setup requires a bit different mindset in my opinion. And while leaving virtual machines behind sounds like an improvement, performance might still suffer. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Rusty_Russell:_Pickhardt_Payments_Implementation:_Finding ?!⠀⇛ So, I’ve finally started implementing Pickhardt Payments in Core Lightning (#cln) and there are some practical complications beyond the paper which are worth noting for others who consider this! o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Old_Ideas,_New_Technologies:_The_Raidon_iR2031_Internal RAID_Storage_Bay_and_the_Killer_of_Innovation⠀⇛ The year was 2007. I was much younger and had a lot more hair. I was also a couple of years into the data storage industry, working for a little known data storage company called Xyratex. Xyratex spun out of IBM in the UK nearly three decades ago. They knew how to build quality storage products (and were acquired by Seagate in 2014). It was still considered a small company by the time I joined the team in 2005. Our team focused on building and testing both enterprise grade RAID and JBOD equipment. [...] Then, in around 2014-15, companies such as Seagate and Toshiba started to prototype dual-actuator HDDs. It was a 5.25″ HDD with two independent actuator arms, each with its own head and a dedicated set of platters, essentially splitting the drive into two. Yes, pretty much my idea. I do not remember what year it was exactly. At the time, I was employed by IBM (formerly, Cleversafe). It was either 2017 or 2018 that Seagate, Western Digital and Toshiba were showing us their product roadmaps and sharing details about this exact technology. And around 2020, the drives were being produced and these same vendors were working with key partners to help define use cases and a market for the technology. o § Integrity/Availability⠀➾ # § Proprietary⠀➾ # § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Video Cardz ☛ NVIDIA_LHR_unlock_now_available for_Linux⠀⇛ This follows the report that the NiceHash team has successfully removed the hashrate limiter from NVIDIA cards. NBMiner is now also available with 100% LHR unlock for RTX 30 GPUs. Both software is closed-source, so we can’t see how exactly was the LHR cracked (it would be very interesting for sure). What is apparent here though is that two teams running popular crypto-tools have managed to unlock LHR cards almost at the same time. This raises a question if they shared information with each other and how did they found the method in the first place. Our followers have confirmed that NBMiner v41 software does indeed work, which is the first time LHR has been cracked for Linux. # ⚓ Constrained_environment_breakout._.NET_Assembly exfiltration_via_Internet_Options⠀⇛ It’s not uncommon for developers to find that they need to help their end users. For starter, the business requirements for software can be highly convoluted and technical. Working with banking systems, insurance firms, actuarial services etc, most developers aren’t going to understand the process they need to add into their software. As the software because more intricate, end users often find problems navigating the software, and that doesn’t help a business whatsoever. Without proper documentation, help desks are going to become overrun with requests that the developers think are easy, but end users are struggling with. So how do developers resolve this issue? They provide documentation in various ways to help their users. This documentation is often a gold mine for penetration testers and security researchers alike. They give us an understanding of an API so we can hunt for rogue parameters. This software supports tasks which run on the underlying operating system? Looks like a quick win. Then there’s the breakout assessment, where help functions have assisted pen testers in bypassing security restrictions since Citrix first thought of Receiver. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Supreme_Court_stays_proceedings_before High_Courts_challenging_IT_Rules,_2021, interim_orders_to_continue⠀⇛ On May 9, 2022, transfer petitions filed by the Union of India, asking for challenges across High Courts to the IT Rules, 2021 to be transferred to the Supreme Court were heard. LiveLaw and Carnatic classical vocalist Mr. T.M. Krishna are petitioners in two challenges to the IT Rules, 2021 before the Kerala HC and Madras HC, respectively, where we have provided legal assistance, and have been able to secure protective interim orders. Today, the Supreme Court stayed further proceedings in the IT Rules challenges before HCs. As of now, there is no stay on any orders passed by the HCs in these IT Rules challenges, including the order of the Kerala HC. [...] The IT Rules, 2021 have far- reaching consequences on online privacy, freedom of speech and expression, as we have written before. They give the government considerable control over social media platforms, digital news publications, and on-video entertainment services, making these services seriously prone to censorship. Injunctions against specific provisions of the IT Rules, 2021 were secured after months of sustained efforts, and the next few hearings before the Supreme Court will be crucial as the hard-earned stay orders secured from high courts in these matters will be put to the test. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Media Nama ☛ Internet_Shutdowns_Are_Now_Longer_Than_Ever: Access_Now_Report⠀⇛ The report alleges this to be a failure to meet the requirements of the Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency & Public Safety) Rules, 2017 and the Supreme Court’s Anuradha Bhasin judgement that backs the rules. These provide the Union government with the power to call for a temporary shutdown of telecom services in a region on grounds of public emergency for up to 15 days at once. “The lack of a centralized repository continues to make it difficult for civil society and other actors to effectively monitor and document shutdowns, and some are likely to go unreported,” the paper noted. # ⚓ What_does_Elon_Musk’s_Twitter_purchase_mean_for_Venezuelan Twitter?_·_Global_Voices⠀⇛ On April 25, Elon Musk successfully negotiated a deal to buy Twitter for USD 44 billion, the equivalent of Venezuela’s GDP. What does it mean for Venezuelan Twitter, where inauthentic activity intended to manipulate public opinion is rife? Before Elon Musk bought Twitter, it was a public company that was regulated by a board. But now, when the company goes private, the social media platform will have fewer safeguards regarding its content moderation. Musk will have the power to reshape discourse on a social network used by more than 200 million people every day and undermine the work the company has made in the last couple of years to mitigate the spread of misinformation and hate speech. Some people celebrate Musk’s ideas regarding freedom of speech, but specialists and digital rights activists are worried that this is a step backward that could undermine democracies, rather than strengthen them. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4163 ➮ Generation completed at 02:41, i.e. 50 seconds to (re)generate ⟲