𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Saturday, May 14, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Sun 15 May 02:40:56 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): Qmdi6KmxktEbkwsxpoVUymukiJMVcBzPGPMGpwRC53dkPc QmSt9PHdTW5UrpNhxfds5Sa5936A4u7z6WyeEdySKphgiP QmPEqWRo8KpNpJoaaGc99smHG89yvkWtPpeGmTEGxHf9yk QmUeQTHKAjJ9v96gsDvCYLFh5GgXDKixWCuPqS4a8BmfQU QmcShTQ5PvGDVnPhQjNW6G56NoR5mcoFctfN5iZeHGrwb1 QmaBR3fV7zaUgkD5dHU52m9Wb3wWGh1z4676MwhPA7cDXx QmeQxfBxXEPRvN8SC7GyMDSGuxuPgyw5YGtaYLHZYLYLQQ QmNYYAtNrZGSDgN96vbFkZNpzAhfBHT7jiw6ETUGeaiNLT QmeJ3YXwyJcW6kexCygGpKWEiZPC21tTub4dQeBZofT8kC QmPU61A7yYbdcsRB7yyR25CQVBn6a5AhRwTaJhRsyBhZy6 QmPMrr81hHACq6jy5DSLRHakQJ8gQvqoPtt3FNWbmcZS7j QmPYCg8CVfzpxnfQVnhNP7m73rJTPrrgEmqd8DvpvJhAoJ QmV7FAs2sr4jaf6G5j1H1iXz4NWKvsn6vaLidkmk6yE6cH QmYZarboG9cQGehNWR64pLu2jUMh7JDcDbjFPcqWpvgXg6 QmRQVhGpsKDNmkjNUW1AkVeznhpmY4wAGbjRcBeWH1qdd2 QmY2CTeWWJPFgrpvCqeVPXuuQqq9HjqiAtnNZrW9WYvqMN QmTLXwr7npSJkZiFmkjNoA5F312fpsy5P5evwvvibZv4xr QmTvs7wgbo75VCYcELvjxF58JxfNSV3vhhrC5FgkQKk4T9 QmbeCDNgw26PG7ZP8jCJh22g61McxAC1dhY9WtinfiT912 QmUxQwv1jUfzi531ZuZrgpoeTEygBXJMeJirAMe6hn9xvc QmYCG1uZdDgMXspdLbXDQngGQ4yhXE6HgWMFpDUPkCaRGd ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ Elon Musk is Right About Twitter Faking Its Importance and Using Doctored, Manipulated ’Stats’ (or Bots) to Boost Valuation Based on Lies | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Friday, May 13, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ Who Brings Home the Bacon (Revenue), Sheela or James (Jim)? | Techrights ⦿ The ’Original’ Linus Torvalds on Self-Hosting | Techrights ⦿ Changes in the Site and the Capsule | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/fake-importance-of-twitter/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/irc-log-130522/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/microsoft-breadwinner/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/self-hosting-torvalds/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/toc-toc/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/alt-linux-10-0/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/builder-gtk-4-porting-raspi/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 60 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/fake-importance-of-twitter/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/fake-importance-of-twitter/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Elon_Musk_is_Right_About_Twitter_Faking_Its_Importance_and_Using_Doctored, Manipulated_‘Stats’_(or_Bots)_to_Boost_Valuation_Based_on_Lies⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Fraud at 7:57 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz This is fraud (they defraud several parties here) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇March 13; I quit Twitter start of March; I have posted anything in a month!!; Musk enters Twitter, then offers to buy; SEC investigation; Musk walks away as traffic is fake⦈ Notice how suddenly the number of impression quadrupled for no reason at all (as_I_noted_at_the_time) and stayed at that level until the blunder reached the press (plus the_SEC_investigation) Summary: Today’s empirical proof that Twitter is totally faking its relevance and reach/influence, based on “Analytics” of my long-inactive account; the SEC will once again — quite likely as usual — let Musk get away with it, killing a company for personal gain as a temporary shareholder who amassed a ton of free publicity (he paid nothing at all and sent the company into a death spiral, pretty much in the same way Microsoft_and_Icahn_did_Yahoo! or Microsoft_and Elop_did_Nokia) Video_download_link | md5sum 526954e8bf862702e446d6cce5e152b0 http://techrights.org/videos/Why-I-Hate-Elon-Musk.mp4 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Elon_Musk_Smoking_Weed:_Embrace;_Extend;_Extinguish⦈_ ⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡄⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀ ⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣷⣿⣥⣽⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠴⠛⠛⠙⠉⠉⠉⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣃⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⡟⣿⡆⣿⡟⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⡞⢸⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢡⡀⠠⠞⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠇⣿⡟⣿⡟⣿⠀⣿⡿⣿⡅⣿⡿⣿⡅⢸⣿⣿⡇⢹⣿⢈⣉⢸⣿⠿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣭⣿⡇⣿⠇⣿⠀⣿⣧⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡟⢻⣿⠸⣿⣼⡿⢸⣿⣮⡝⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⠂⠀⠀⠀⠉⢙⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡧⠒⠦⡠⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣧⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡿⠇⣿⣇⣿⢳⢿⣿⡿⢸⣿⠿⡆⣿⡆⣿⡇⣿⡿⣿⣎⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠁⠈⠀⡄⠀⠀⣐⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡷⡎⢸⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣶⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⢾⡇⠷⠈⠿⠉⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣧⣭⣿⡏⣿⡎⢿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣬⡅⣿⠸⣿⡇⣿⣧⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢧⡄⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⡰⠶⠶⠶⠟⠻⣯⡟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⣄⠀⣀⠀⢰⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣟⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠤⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢰⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠢⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣛⣛⡛⣛⡻⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢛⣛⢿⣛⠿⣛⣻⢟⣛⣛⢿⣟⣛⢟⣛⢟⣛⠿⣟⣛⡻⠿⣛⡻⣛⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠟⠿⢿⠟⠛⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⠇⢿⣷⣿⢸⢻⣿⢻⢸⣿⢸⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡏⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢰⣿⡹⠿⡀⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣌⣁⣸⡃⢤⣠⣔⡃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⡃⣼⣿⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⢸⣿⢸⣿⢿⣿⡇⣿⡇⣶⡆⢿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢐⣙⢻⣷⡁⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⡜⠣⠢⡟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠿⠷⠆⠿⠇⠿⠏⡸⠿⢸⡸⠿⠸⠿⠘⠿⢇⡻⣷⠿⠇⡸⢿⣾⢟⡸⠿⢈⠿⣶⠿⡃⠿⠇⠿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣏⣉⣠⣨⣱⡵⠀⢸⢢⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⠿⣿⠃⠃⠀⠂⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠀⠠⠛⢿⣶⣶⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠃⠀⠀⢸⣿⣛⣛⣻⣿⣷⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠲⠠⠤⠈⠀⠈⠉⠙⠛⠛⠚⠛⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 170 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/irc-log-130522/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/irc-log-130522/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Friday,_May_13,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:18 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-130522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-130522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-130522.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-130522.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmeZEVrpFdNo1gWCeZV34DSXivKHmigAN8RaZBUTwiB7eD #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 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🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmYCG1uZdDgMXspdLbXDQngGQ4yhXE6HgWMFpDUPkCaRGd ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 297 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/microsoft-breadwinner/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/microsoft-breadwinner/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Who_Brings_Home_the_Bacon_(Revenue),_Sheela_or_James_(Jim)?⠀✐ Posted in Marketing, Microsoft at 7:06 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sheela_Zemlin⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sheela_Zemlin's_Bakkt⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Wikipedia_on_Bakkt⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sheela_Zemlin_and_Microsoft⦈_ 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sheela_Zemlin_at_ICE⦈_ Summary: Sheela (yes, wife of the nontechnical Linux_Foundation chief, who equates Microsoft critics with people who kick puppies) has a history working with several companies that are closely connected to Microsoft (not just Bakkt); can that be reconciled as not a conflict of interest? ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⡏⣭⠉⠉⠉⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡏⢹⠉⣍⢹⠀⠋⣽⠩⠍⠻⢩⣍⢸⡇⣶⢰⠖⢶⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢹⡙⣟⢻⠟⣿⠘⣟⣿⣍⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⡻⢸⠛⣿⢛⣿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣭⣧⣼⣤⣿⣼⣤⣧⣽⣬⣭⣷⣬⣥⣼⡇⠛⠘⠀⠘⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣬⡭⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡿⠭⢭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣵⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⢿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⡄⠀⣠⣤⣀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠼⣯⣦⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣷⣷⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠉⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣤⣶⣤⣀⡀⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⠣⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⡌⣎⢻⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠻⠿⣿⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣆⣤⣤⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣽⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢠⣔⢻⣌⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠀⠀⠁⠀⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠟⣿⡿⡿⣻⠇⠀⠀⠀⣰⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⠆⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⣉⡻⢿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡁⠀⢰⣿⣿⡆⠀⢠⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢘ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠿⠛⠋⠋⡅⠀⠀⠸⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣤⣤⣴⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣴⣧⣀⡐⣿⡿⠀⢠⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠁⠀⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠿ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⣷⡶⠀⠀⠀⣴⠀⣀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣴⡏⠀⡠⠔⠊⠉⠉⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣼⣄⠁⠀⠀⣀⣤⣴ ⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡴⠋⠀⠀⠀⣠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⣀⣀⣀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢯⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⠄⠀⢤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⠿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⠿⣿⢿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⢿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢀⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣁⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⡄⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⢻⡾⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠷⡀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢛⣻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣟⡛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠲⣹⢰⡆⡁⠤⣅⠤⡇⠇⠄⣿⡏⠴⢯⡠⢼⢰⢀⡆⡇⠇⡇⣰⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣟⣻⡟⣿⢸⣏⢻⢻⡿⡛⣟⢻⡟⣿⢻⣿⢹⢽⢹⢸⣟⡟⣿⢻⡿⣻⢹⡏⡫⢿⡏⢻⢿⢹⡿⣿⢙⣻⢙⢩⡻⣿⣛⡟⡛⣿⢻⢻⠋⡟⡻⡛⣿⡏⣻⢻⣿⢸⡟⡻⡻⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾ ⣿⠉⡏⢹⠛⢛⠹⡻⠛⡋⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣾⠶⠷⠾⠾⣶⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠽⡾⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⢾⡝⢿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢻⢿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⡅⠫⡀⡇⠈⠇⠈⠇⢸⡇⢈⢰⢕⢸⢹⢑⠘⠡⠍⡂⣿⠄⡙⢯⡘⡀⡇⡁⢺⢸⢠⢰⠘⣿⢬⡙⠑⢬⠉⡌⠉⠠⠍⡂⣿⠀⡄⣿⠀⣭⡍⣜⢱⢹⢹⢸⢸⣿⣆⣱⢸⠉⠹⢾⢹⡌⡎⡉⡂⡋⡎⡇⡆⢸⢿⣿ ⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿ ⣿⢣⠋⠛⢛⢛⢻⠟⠟⠿⠻⠛⢋⣿⡻⣿⠛⡟⢻⣿⡛⠛⠛⠻⡻⠛⣟⡛⢟⠟⢛⣿⡟⠟⣿⡻⠛⢛⠛⢛⠟⣟⡛⢻⡻⢻⠛⣝⣯⣽⣿⢻⠻⡿⠻⠟⣿⣿⠻⠛⡟⠛⠛⢛⢛⠛⡟⣟⠟⣓⡒⢲⠒⠒⢲⢟⣿⢻ ⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣾⣿⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣿⣷⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣿⣷⣾⣷⣾⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣶⣾⣾ ⣿⣱⣟⣉⣱⣟⣉⣸⣿⣑⣅⣏⣪⣀⣎⣉⣹⣇⣝⣉⣉⣃⣘⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢐⠀⡄⡄⠀⡆⣠⠠⢄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⡿⣿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⢹ ⣿⣟⢿⣻⣭⣭⣭⢭⣭⢽⣟⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣶⣿⡇⡅⠟⠹⢘⢹⢘⢹⢸⣸⢸⡷⢩⣍⢏⡏⡏⡇⡏⡏⣿⡇⡵⡏⢻⢹⣽⢸⠹⠋⡏⡍⠋⣋⡍⣋⣿⢨⡔⠫⠍⠩⢍⢙⢩⢸⢙⡉⠅⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣽⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢿⡿⣣⣿⣿⣿⣿⠯⡾⢥⡿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣧⣭⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢟⢿⡿⣽⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣷⠆⢅⣄⢡⣿⠨⣹⡆⢊⠶⣈⠺⡸⢆⡹⢸⡿⠨⡇⢶⡰⢸⠰⠰⠸⡿⢠⣳⠸⠸⡰⠶⢰⡱⢈⠤⣊⠶⡱⢸⠰⡿⣿⠸⡐⠟⠇⠵⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠇⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⡛⡛⡷⡿⡿⣿⢻⢶⢿⡿⠿⣿⢟⢻⠿⡟⡿⢿⢻⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣿⣟⣛⣿⡿⢿⣏⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣃⣃⣆⣃⣇⣻⣸⣘⣈⢊⡸⣧⣘⣻⣘⣇⣇⣹⣘⣊⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣻⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣴⡞⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣬⣭⣍⣭⣧⣭⣭⣽⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⡀⣀⢀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣇⣀⣀⣀⣀⣃⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⡟⡭⢭⢻⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣧⣓⣚⣼⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣎⣽⣯⣭⣭⣭⣯⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣯⣭⣯⣯⣭⣭⣯⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣲⣄⣀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢟⠛⠉⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⠭⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⣁⣄⣀⣀⢠⡤⣤⡟⠝⠋⠿⠉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⠄⠀⢀⣀⠤⣒⠿⣻⡽⣻⡷⣫⡷⣫⣾⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⡀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣶⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⠴⣾⡿⢖⣯⢷⣫⡵⣛⣵⢟⣡⣾⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠛⠋⠉⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠈⠉⣉⡉⠙⢉⠉⡉⣙⣛⣁⡀⠀⠀⠉⠓⠦⣄⡉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢉⡻⣻⣻⢹⡛⣙⢛⡟⠛⣛⢛⡋⡛⣻⢭⡛⡏⡹⣙⢛⡟⢛⣿⡙⢛⡏⣉⢍⣩⣀⣂⣀⣏⣙⣛⡻⢛⣛⢛⢛⡛⣟⡛⡛⡛⡋⢛⣻⣿⣶⡖⢒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⣒⠒⣒⣲⣶⣿⣿ ⣿⢻⠙⠛⠙⠛⠋⢛⠛⣻⠋⢛⢋⠛⠛⡏⠙⠛⢟⠛⠛⠙⠙⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠙⠛⠋⡛⠛⢛⠛⢿⠛⡛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡏⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠉⣿⣿⡏⢻⣿⣿⠟⣻⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⠛⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⣉⣹⠙⠛⢻⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⡇⢰⣦⠘⠁⣴⡄⢸⠀⠋⢰⡇⠘⠁⣶⡆⣶⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠛⢻⠻⠛⢻⠛⡻⠛⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠻⠛⠟⡟⠛⠛⢻⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⡟⠛⢛⡟⠛⠻⢻⠛⠟⠛⠛⡟⠟⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣇⣌⣡⣼⣦⣉⣄⣸⣠⣿⣀⣇⣼⣇⣼⣧⣌⣿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠻⠟⠛⡗⠿⢟⠻⣟⠻⠟⠿⠛⠻⠻⡿⠟⣿⢛⠿⠛⠻⡿⠟⢟⡟⠿⠿⠻⠟⢻⠿⠻⠿⠛⣿⠻⠟⢛⠿⣗⡛⠛⠿⡿⠟⠟⡟⠟⢻⣿⡿⢧⣤⢤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡤⠤⠤⢤⠤⠤⠤⡤⢤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠾⠿⠟⢿⠿⡿⡷⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠿⠿⢿⡛⢚⡛⢞⠿⠷⠿⢿⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⢿⡾⠿⠻⡟⠾⠿⠿⠟⣿⠿⠿⢻⡿⠿⠟⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣴⣾⣶⣶⣷⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠾⠾⠾⠾⡷⠗⠷⠶⢶⠾⠾⡾⠶⠶⡾⠿⠟⡿⠷⠶⠷⢿⠾⠶⠾⠷⠶⠷⠖⠷⠶⠷⠶⢳⠲⢶⠶⠷⢾⠶⠾⠶⠷⠶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠶⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⢾⠶⡾⠾⠶⢷⡶⠾⠷⠾⠶⡷⠶⠶⠶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⡶⢶⠶⠶⠶⠾⢶⡾⠶⠷⠾⠶⠶⠶⠶⡾⠾⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣇⣌⣉⣭⣈⣅⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡤⢤⢤⡬⠬⢭⡬⠬⢤⣤⣤⣹⣤⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢶⠶⡶⠶⡷⠶⢾⢶⠷⠶⡶⢷⢷⠖⠲⠶⠶⠷⢶⠶⠦⠾⠶⠶⢷⠶⡶⡶⡷⠾⣶⢶⠶⢶⡶⠷⢶⣶⢶⡶⡶⠾⡶⠧⣶⣼⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠶⣖⠶⠒⠶⢲⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⢴⣶⣶⡶⣶⣶⡿⢶⡶⣶⣾⣶⢾⠿⢶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⢾⣶⣶⣷⣶⡶⢷⣾⣶⣷⢾⢶⣶⢶⣶⣦⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⠿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⡏⡑⣛⣋⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣦⣷⣦⣶⣥⣶⣷⣦⣦⣤⡷⣼⣴⣴⢶⢥⣶⣦⣦⣦⣼⢶⣮⡴⢮⣵⡦⡾⢦⣶⣥⣾⣼⣦⣶⠴⣧⣤⣼⣴⣮⣿⣶⣦⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠛⠋⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⢻⣏⡙⣙⣛⣋⣙⣻⣉⣛⣛⢋⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣦⣧⣴⣬⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣶⣤⣤⣷⣦⣤⣷⣤⣦⣧⣤⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢒⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠖⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣈⣉⣏⣉⣉⣁⣩⣿⣿⣇⣭⣥⣽⣤⣼⣬⣍⣬⣴⣤⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣶⣶⣶⡶⡶⣶⠶⡶⢶⢶⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣹⣿⣿⣯⣏⣉⣹⣩⣉⣩⣉⣩⣝⣉⣋⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⢼⠶⣦⣶⣾⡼⣵⣦⠦⣾⣮⡶⠦⢶⣶⣴⣴⣶⣽⠤⡦⣿⢴⣼⣽⢦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢼⠶⢤⡦⣶⡦⣦⠶⣶⢶⣶⣷⢵⢼⣤⣶⣾⣴⣮⣶⣵⣼⣦⣶⣤⣶⣯⣶⣦⣶⣧⣶⣧⣶⣼⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠤⠤⠴⠤⠤⠀⠤⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⢼⠴⡴⣴⣦⣵⣼⣶⣴⣴⣦⣦⣶⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠾⡶⠶⠶⢿⠶⠷⠾⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⢼⠴⣴⣦⣧⣶⡵⢦⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣶⣤⣧⣴⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠻⠛⠛⠟⢟⢿⣿⢟⢟⠟⢻⡟⢛⠻⡿⡻⠿⠟⠟⠻⠛⠟⠻⡟⡛⠛⣻⠛⢟⠛⢛⠛⠛⣿⣟⠿⠟⢿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮⣼⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣧⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣦⣿⣷⣷⣶⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣴⣧⣌⣅⣭⣠⣇⣖⣦⣤⣧⣭⣧⣭⣷⣭⣤⣮⣭⣽⣤⣧⣯⣢⣅⣥⣉⣸⣭⣬⣬⣝⣭⣬⣁⣤⣼⣭⣭⣸⣔⣥⣬⣵⣉⣇⣯⣅⣭⣯⣗⣥⣅⣥⣭⣹⣤⣠⣥⣼⣴⣾⣀⣀⣀⣀⣄⣄⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣿⣿ ⣿⣀⣀⣀⣁⣁⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸⣉⣅⣨⣍⣏⣉⣍⣍⣉⣇⣉⣯⣍⣩⣉⣉⣹⣁⣉⣈⣁⣏⣉⣉⣉⣙⣇⣍⣘⣅⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣀⣇⣩⣌⣉⣍⣍⣁⣉⣉⣹⣩⣅⣹⣨⣉⣍⣉⣹⣺⣉⣉⣉⣌⣉⣹⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⣍⣉⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠘⠀⠃⠛⠘⠘⠘⠛⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⢰⢷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠠⠀⠐⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠰⠆⠤⠀⠀⠔⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠢⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠒⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠀⠀⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠔⠰⠀⠀⠐⠠⠄⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣌⣍⣼⣹⣃⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣨⣹⣿⣽⣿⣏⣶⣩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣠⣋⣹⣨⣩⣣⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣉⣱⣎⣝⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣤⣩⣹⣟⣌⣴ ⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡏⢉⣉⣹⠋⣿⡏⠙⢿⡏⢹⣉⡉⢉⣹⡏⢉⣉⣹⡟⢋⣉⣙⣿⠉⣿⡏⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢈⣉⣿⠀⣿⡇⢰⡈⠇⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢈⣉⣿⡀⢾⣿⣿⣿⠀⣭⡅⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣤⣿⣧⣼⣷⣤⣼⣿⣧⣼⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⣷⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣿⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢠⣤⣽⠀⣿⣿⢸⣧⡄⢠⣼⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⠀⣤⡍⣿⠀⣤⣤⣿⠡⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⢰⣶⣿⡀⢿⡿⢸⣿⡇⢸⣿⡇⢻⡿⢀⣿⠀⣆⠰⣿⠀⠶⠶⣿⢶⡦⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠀⠇⠸⠈⠁⠸⠐⠟⠸⠁⠏⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡁⣿⣿⢱⣏⠏⡍⣭⢹⢨⡟⢵⢹⣿⣑⢿⢸⡿⣊⢻⢱⡇⣿⣛⡏⡏⡏⣭⢹⣿⢨⡅⡿⣊⢻⠈⢽⢘⢽⡇⣿⣿⢸⢗⠹⡏⡎⡏⣽⢸⣑⢿⣿⣌⢻⣯⡑⡇⡷⠀⢾⢸⢹⡍⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡷⠶⣾⣾⣯⣼⡧⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⡾⠿⢶⣾⡶⢶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⡧⣶⡾⣿⢶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣷⣾⡿⢾⢶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣶⣾⣶⡾⣿⡦⠾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣿⢶⣾⢾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣤⡛⡏⣉⣻⢩⡏⡏⣉⣹⡙⢿⡇⢸⡘⣿⡇⣽⢹⡏⣭⢹⢩⢩⡍⣿⡇⡜⢱⢸⢹⢩⣽⢹⡏⣭⢹⣙⢿⢩⡝⡇⣽⢨⣿⡿⡋⡏⢩⢹⢩⡅⣿⡇⣛⣸⢙⢹⡹⢹⠸⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣾⣧⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⢿⡿⣿⠿⢿⢿⡿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿ ⣇⣀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣔⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⢀⡁⣷⠄⢸⢸⡇⠶⢸⠀⢼⡇⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣍⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣉⣉⣉⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⠛⡟⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠛⡟⠿⠿⠻⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡛⡿⠻⠟⠟⠿⢻⠿⠿⠟⠻⣿⣿⣟⠻⠟⠻⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣟⢻⠛⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿ ⣿⣇⣀⣐⣂⣐⣂⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⠿⠷⠷⠶⠶⠷⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⠶⠷⠾⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠷⠶⠾⠶⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠾⠶⠶⠶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠶⠿⠶⠶⠶⠾⠿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣇⣆⣁⣉⣉⣈⣉⢍⣍⣉⣉⣹⣁⣉⣀⣉⣉⣍⣉⣈⣉⣅⣀⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣙⣈⣉⣁⣁⣉⣝⣈⣉⣉⣀⡀⢉⣉⣉⣉⣧⠂⠂⠉⠈⠉⠁⣹⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡻⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣟⠛⡻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠟⠛⠟⡻⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⣿⠛⠻⠛⠛⠟⠟⠛⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣮⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠃⠀⠰⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣴⣠⣠⣀⣅⣄⣀⣂⣀⣸⣀⣀⣄⣠⣠⣀⣂⣀⣀⣄⣀⣄⣈⣇⣀⣄⣀⣠⣀⣂⣀⣸⣀⣌⣀⣀⣹⣠⣠⣀⣸⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣀⣠⣀⣄⣄⣄⣠⣈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠙⠙⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠙⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⢹⠙⢻⠙⠛⠛⠛⠋⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠻⠛⠙⠋⠋⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⠿⢷⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢶⡶⠶⡶⠶⣾⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣷⢿⢿⠷⡷⢿⠿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣤⣤⣤⣥⣽⣤⣤⣤⣥⣴⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣬⣀⣬⣤⣤⣤⣨⣤⣤⣽⣤⣄⣠⣭⣤⣬⣤⣥⣭⣤⣥⣥⣁⣤⣥⣥⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡋⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠽⠁⠍⢹⠁⠈⠁⠉⠁⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢋⣥⣼⣭⣴⣶⣶⣬⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣍⣛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢃⣾⣿⣄⣄⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣍⣁⣀⣀⣉⣍⣉⣉⡉⢉⣹⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣼⣿⣿⡛⠛⠻⠿⠿⠻⠻⠛⠻⠿⠛⠟⢿⠟⠻⠻⠟⠛⠻⠛⠿⠟⠟⠟⠿⢃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠼⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⢻⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⢂⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡤⣤⡤⣤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠤⠄⠤⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡙⣿⣅⣐⣁⣐⣉⣨⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣇⣀⣇⣀⡀⠜⣁⣀⣀⣻⣀⣐⣁⣀⣻⣷⣦⣤⣤⣶⠠⠤⠄⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⢼⣭⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⢹⠛⢛⠛⡛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠁⡲⡋⠛⠛⠟⠛⢻⢻⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠤⢴⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⢼⠆⠀⠀⠶⠶⠶⠦⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢶⡶⣶⡶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡶⣶⠶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⠷⢷⡾⠶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣤⣤⣶⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⢼⡃⠀⠀⠀⠛⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 514 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/self-hosting-torvalds/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/self-hosting-torvalds/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_‘Original’_Linus_Torvalds_on_Self-Hosting⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, Google, Kernel at 5:41 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 86bf4399db72786c280ff92e39e7ffbf Linus Torvalds at Google Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/linus-at-gulag.webm Summary: The fast-aging founder of Linux spoke as shown above (2005); so much has changed since then… TWO years before the Linux_Foundation Mr. Torvalds was bragging about maintaining his own mail server in his own home (now it is controlled by his employer, which works for Microsoft et al) and he even boasted about source control that’s self-hosted. Of course years down the line he was pressured to accept Rust (Microsoft-controlled and Google-funded development) despite his long-held_principles. Maybe because he's_no_longer_in_control, he’s just being used for his trademark and he is treated like merely a mascot, swaying like a penguin for corporate branding and openwashing. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 556 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/05/14/toc-toc/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/05/14/toc-toc/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Changes_in_the_Site_and_the_Capsule⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 4:09 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum ef8a4f36ae8f66a9ef833ed0c3947e32 TOC TOC Who is There? Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/recent-changes-and-toc.webm Summary: A 10-minute explanation of what we’ve been up to lately and what’s changing; hopefully I’ll have a lot more free time in months to come and we’ll be able to produce about a dozen posts per day WE HAVE been working on some fairly large changes lately, both in the Web site and the Gemini capsule. We’ve simply invested time in making both better. In the process we produce a lot of code too. “In the case of the TOC (table of contents), which appears in the Daily Links, this will pay off for years to come as we publish about 1,000 batches of these each year.”At this very moment I’m updating the home server (Gemini and Web gateway) and therefore I lack time to prepare as many articles and videos as we hoped/planned/aimed for. In the case of the TOC (table of contents), which appears in the Daily Links, this will pay off for years to come as we publish about 1,000 batches of these each year. The main change in Gemini has been in the “Planet”. Toward the end of the video I add some remarks about the demise of Twitter and corruption of the Linux_Foundation. Don’t be fooled by them. They don’t represent the public interest and they certainly don't_respect_free_speech. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 609 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_14/05/2022:_Alt_Linux_10.0_Released⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 2:52 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Audiocasts/Shows o Kernel_Space o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o New_Releases o BSD o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Funding o Programming/Development * Leftovers o Pseudo-Open_Source # Openwashing o Security o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Gemini_Radio_–_Episode_41⠀⇛ # ⚓ mintCast_382_–_Kernel_Metamorphosis⠀⇛ First up in the news: Linux crosses the C; We look into Steam; Flatpak improves; Gnome gets more customizable. In security and privacy: Bvp47 found after 10 years. Then in our Wanderings: Moss is shaking in his boots and singing about it; Joe fixes more things; JoshT is back from the farm; Bill keeps trucking; and Norbert goes to Maui. o § Kernel Space⠀➾ # ⚓ nbdkit_now_supports_LUKS_encryption_|_Richard_WM_Jones⠀⇛ The threat model here is that you can store the encrypted data on a remote server, and the admin of the server cannot decrypt the disk (assuming you don’t give them the passphrase). If you try this filter (or qemu’s device) with a modern Linux LUKS disk you’ll find that it doesn’t work. This is because modern Linux uses LUKSv2, although they are able to create, read and write LUKSv1 if you use set them up that way in advance. Unfortunately LUKSv2 is significantly more complicated than LUKSv1. It requires parsing JSON data(!) stored in the header, and supports a wider range of password derivation functions, typically the very slow and memory-intensive argon2. LUKSv1 by contrast only requires support for PBKDF2 and is generally far more straightforward to implement. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ DeaDBeeF_1.9.0_Released!_How_to_install it_in_Ubuntu_22.04_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ DeaDBeeF music player released new 1.9.0 version a day ago. Here’s what’s new and how to install the application in Ubuntu. DeaDBeeF is one of my favorite music players, especially for its design mode. Glory to Ukraine! In this release you’ll see two little hearts (in blue and yellow) in the title bar of app window. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Fix_Static_Noise_Issue_in_Linux⠀⇛ Speakers emitting unwanted static noise can be a huge annoyance when trying to focus and can significantly hamper your productivity. It is not a pleasant sound to the ears as well. If you have recently switched to Linux and find your audio devices malfunctioning, this guide can help you troubleshoot your issues and fix static noise on Linux. # ⚓ How_to_Zip_Files_and_Directories_from_Linux_Command_Line⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Fix_the_“ifconfig:_command_not_found” Error_in_Linux⠀⇛ If you encounter the command not found error while using ifconfig, here’s an easy way to solve it. ifconfig is a handy networking utility that fetches important data related to the network interface of your machine. It used to come pre-installed in all Linux distributions, that is until it was unanimously declared deprecated by developers due to lack of maintenance. This is why calling the ifconfig command from the terminal returns an “ifconfig: command not found” error. If you still want to use ifconfig on your Linux system, you’ll have to manually install it. # ⚓ [Older]_Two_new_user_guides_for_v7.3:_Getting_Started_and Writer⠀⇛ The latest user guides from the LibreOffice documentation team are LibreOffice 7.3 Getting Started and LibreOffice 7.3 Writer, available in free PDF, ODT, or to read in a browser. Low-cost printed copies are available from Lulu.com. # ⚓ How_to_use_Photoshop_on_Ubuntu_and_other_Linux?⠀⇛ The use of all kinds of open source software throughout recent times is growing exponentially. Even companies such as Microsoft are supporting this type of development. This means that operating systems such as Ubuntu and other Linux distributions are increasingly present. Many users consider these open source operating systems as an increasingly real and effective alternative to the popular Windows . That is why they start using all this as a secondary system, or even migrating from Redmond’s software. Here you will find a series of extremely powerful and affordable proposals for most end users. Just a few years ago this was not the case, since Linux distributions were designed for a few professionals and experts on these platforms. But things have changed a lot in recent years, hence the success of distros like Ubuntu itself, which has more and more followers. It is true that at first some will have to get used to the changes or differences they find with respect to Windows. However, over time they will realize that there are many advantages here, starting with the price. In addition, in Linux we find a huge number of software solutions, most of open source , that we can use and that will solve our needs on the PC. # ⚓ nixCraft ☛ Linux_and_Unix_host_Command_Examples⠀⇛ # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_Htop_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install Htop on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, htop is a process-viewer and manager for interactive system monitoring and management. It allows scrolling the list of processes vertically and horizontally to see their full command lines and related information like memory and CPU consumption. Also system-wide information, like load average or swap usage. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the Htop interactive process viewer on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ Ubuntu Pit ☛ How_To_Create_a_Windows_Bootable_USB_on Linux⠀⇛ # ⚓ Enable_Minimize_And_Maximize_Buttons_In_Fedora_– OSTechNix⠀⇛ Today, we will see one of the post installation steps in Fedora desktop. This brief guide explains how to enable minimize and maximize buttons in application windows in Fedora GNOME Workstation and Silverblue editions. # ⚓ Daniel Pocock ☛ Subscribing_to_iCalendar_feeds_with_QR codes⠀⇛ Every day I receive emails containing invitations to events. Whether they are local community activities or international conferences, they share a common problem that is easily avoidable. Every recipient of the invitation has to manually copy and paste the event to their calendar. If it is a recurring event then it can be even more challenging. If the participant sets up a recurring event in their own software and stops reading the emails then it will not always be obvious to them when one instance of the meeting is skipped or in an unusual venue. # ⚓ The Anarcat ☛ Antoine_Beaupré:_NVMe/SSD_disk_failure⠀⇛ In any case, after waiting all that time, the machine booted (in Fedora) again, and now it could detect the SSD disk. The BIOS could find the disk too, so after I reinstalled grub (from Fedora) and fixed the boot order, it rebooted, but secureboot failed, so I turned that off (!?), and I was back in Debian. I did an emergency backup with ddrescue, from the running system which probably doesn’t really work as a backup (because the filesystem is likely to be corrupt) but it was fast enough (20 minutes) and gave me some peace of mind. My offsites backup have been down for a while and since I treat my workstations as “cattle” (not “pets”), I don’t have a solid recovery scenario for those situations other than “just reinstall and run Puppet”, which takes a while. # ⚓ The Anarcat ☛ Antoine_Beaupré:_BTRFS_notes⠀⇛ I’m not a fan of BTRFS. This page serves as a reminder of why, but also a cheat sheet to figure out basic tasks in a BTRFS environment because those are not obvious to me, even after repeatedly having to deal with them. Content warning: there might be mentions of ZFS. # ⚓ Fedora Magazaine ☛ An_introduction_to_USB_Device_Emulation and_how_to_take_advantage_of_it⠀⇛ Nowadays, the number of devices is getting bigger and bigger, and modern operating systems must try to support all types and several of them with every integration, with every release. Maintaining a large number of devices is difficult, expensive and also hard to test, specially for plug-and-play devices, like USB devices. Therefore, it is necessary to create a mechanism to facilitate the maintenance and testing of old and new USB devices. And this is where USB device emulation comes in. In that way, a complete framework including a big bunch of emulated and validated USB devices will allow easier integration and release. The area of application would be very wide: earlier bug search/detection even during development, automatic tests, continuous integration, etc. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Easily_Upgrade_to_the_Latest_Fedora Beta_Version⠀⇛ Fedora Linux is known as a leading-edge Linux distribution that consistently showcases all the latest Linux features and software technologies. The fact that Fedora is often the first to include the latest versions of popular software is one of the distro’s main draws. For those who really like to live on the edge, Fedora also makes it surprisingly easy to upgrade to beta versions of upcoming releases. If you’ve ever wanted to explore, test, or experiment with a new Fedora beta release, we’re going to show you how. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_the_Development_tools_on_CentOS_9 Stream⠀⇛ If you are a developer or enthusiast, at some point you will have to compile programs from source code. For that, you need the compiler for the programming language it is developed in, but if you want to create a package from it, then you need even more tools. # ⚓ How_to_run_Windows_EXE_files_on_Ubuntu_Linux?_– LinuxStoney⠀⇛ How to run Windows EXE files on Ubuntu Linux?, Most PC users prefer to install and use Windows, Microsoft’s operating system. But when looking for other alternatives, there is no doubt that the most interesting is to opt for an open source system , that is, a Linux distro like Ubuntu. Here we have a wide variety of distributions to choose from. Although their core is very similar, in most cases each of them is characterized by something. In this sense, we can make use of Linux safer, lighter Therefore, we could say that Linux has been the best alternative to Windows for years, with Ubuntu being one of the most popular distributions. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Configure_Static_IP_Address_on_Ubuntu 22.04_LTS⠀⇛ The IP address of most devices today is generated by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server. A DHCP server assigns a dynamic IP address to your device when it’s connected to a network. Thus, you have the chance to change this IP address from time to time. On the other hand, a static IP refers to a fixed, immutable address, different from dynamic IPs. You can set static IP settings in Ubuntu 22.04 LTS in three different ways. Here’s how to get started. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_MakeMKV_on_Debian_11_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install MakeMKV on Debian 11 (Bullseye), as well as some extra requirements by MakeMKV # ⚓ How_to_set_up_CORS_for_an_AWS_Lambda_Proxy_REST_API resource_–_Anto_./_Online⠀⇛ Let’s see how you set up CORS using a Lambda Proxy API and AWS SAM. Heads up! This guide will also help fix a CORS error that fails in the browser but works in CURL. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Moonleap_by_guselect_on a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Moonleap by guselect on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/ audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. If you have any questions, please contact us via a YouTube comment and we would be happy to assist you! # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ How_to_Count_Number_of_Columns_in_a_File in_Linux⠀⇛ You may ask yourself, why would a user be interested in noting/counting the number of columns in a file? This segment of our tutorial falls under Linux file management. A CSV (Comma Separated Value) file is a favorite file format for many Linux users for data record keeping because of the following advantages… o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_Linux_the_number_one_Linux_distro_for_gaming?_Every time_less_–_itsfoss.net⠀⇛ The information on which this entry is based is a couple of weeks old, but it is worth not giving it up for lost because of the implications it has. It is about the advance in the imposition of Snap as an application format in Ubuntu, although just in this aspect it does not have the usual negative bias; but above all it is about how after many years of hegemony, we are beginning to see signs of the fall of Ubuntu as the flagship of the Linux desktop. Starting with the games. As they advanced on the Ubuntu blog, Canonical is packaging Steam for Ubuntu in Snap format, with “all the advantages that this entails”: a single package for all versions of the distro, dependencies included; and by dependencies they mention those of the Steam package, mainly the 32- bit libraries that caused so much controversy a few years ago, pitting the developers of Wine or Steam against those of Ubuntu, although as is known, everything ended well on the one hand and on the other. That and more. The Steam Snap will include, in addition to the 32- bit dependencies, some drivers for Mesa (OpenGL, Vulkan, and OpenCL, among others), make it easier to update the package, and provide other benefits, such as better security thanks to the confinement model of Snap. This, at least, is how Canonical sells it, all with the intention of positioning Steam Snap as the only option as of Ubuntu 22.10, in the absence of seeing if Valve withdraws the Deb package that they distribute officially. Meanwhile, a beta testing period is being promoted. # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ 2800_Games_On_The_Steam_Deck_with_Days_Gone and_House_of_the_Dying_Sun_as_Verified_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ We are back to a quick pace and reached 2800 games soon after the 2700 games milestone. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 10_Fun_Free_and_Open_Source_Simulation Games⠀⇛  Simulation video games (“Sims”) describe a wide range of video games, generally designed to closely emulate real life activities. Examples of this genre include operating a copy of a real-life vehicle, or participating in recreating historical events. Sims differ from other PC games in that their raison d’être isn’t always to entertain, at least not primarily. Simulation games remain popular among gamers, offering players the experience of the real world. The game frequently credited as the first simulation game is Fortune Builder, a ColecoVision game which let you plan, build and run your own community. The popularity of the genre accelerated with the releases of the classic SimCity, an open- ended city-building computer and console video game series. From three basic types of strategic, planning, and learning exercises: games, simulations, and case studies, a number of hybrids may be considered, including simulation games that are used as case studies. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Frameworks_5.94.0⠀⇛ KDE today announces the release of KDE Frameworks 5.94.0. KDE Frameworks are 83 addon libraries to Qt which provide a wide variety of commonly needed functionality in mature, peer reviewed and well tested libraries with friendly licensing terms. For an introduction see the KDE Frameworks release announcement. This release is part of a series of planned monthly releases making improvements available to developers in a quick and predictable manner. # ⚓ Building_Plasma_for_KDE_Frameworks_6⠀⇛ Time for another KDE Frameworks 6 update! Since the last one we made significant progress on getting Plasma to build, which also clears the way for properly styled and platform integrated Qt6-based applications. Since about a month ago the second to last Framework is also building with Qt 6 and has CI coverage for that. This was plasma- framework, which enabled a lot of progress in the Plasma modules build on top. # ⚓ The_KDE_Qt5_Patch_Collection_has_been_rebased_on_top of_Qt_5.15.4⠀⇛ I want to personally extend my gratitude to the Commercial users of Qt for beta testing Qt 5.15.4 for the rest of us. The Commercial Qt 5.15.4 release introduced some bugs that have later been fixed. Thanks to that, our Patchset Collection has been able to incorporate the reverts for those two bugs that affected Android and Windows and the Free Software users will never be affected by those! # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ #43_Foundation_News_·_This_Week_in_GNOME⠀⇛ Update on what happened across the GNOME project in the week from May 06 to May 13. # ⚓ Shortwave_3_expands_radio_station_setups⠀⇛ To listen to the radio in Linux in a simple way we have an application called short wave, of which version 3.0 has recently appeared. It is built with GTK and Rust and is part of GNOME through the circles initiative. It is obvious that we are dealing with an application that performs a very specific task and that does not give much room to create something revolutionary. Moreover, it can even be said that for a long time we have lived in an era in which innovation at the level of desktop applications has been scarce, often with more aesthetic changes (yes, very elaborate depending on the case) than technological revolutions. real. However, that does not mean that Shortwave 3 does not bring interesting things. To start with, we have the GNOME 42 dark mode support thanks to Shortwave being an application built on GTK 4. Consequently, the aesthetic theme has been updated to use the new Adwaita design which can be seen in the aforementioned version of the desktop environment (at least in its base implementation). # ⚓ Voice_–_Ole_Aamot⠀⇛ Voice will let you listen to and share short, personal and enjoyable Voicegrams via electronic mail and on the World Wide Web by GNOME executives, employees and volunteers. Xiph.org Ogg Vorbis is a patent-free audio codec that more and more Free Software programs, including GNOME Voice (https:// www.gnomevoice.org/) have implemented, so that you can listen to Voicegram recordings with good/fair recording quality by accessing the Voicegram file $HOME/Music/GNOME.ogg in the G_USER_DIRECTORY_MUSIC folder in Evolution or Nautilus. Currently it records sound waves from the live microphone into $HOME/Music/GNOME.ogg (or $HOME/Musikk/GNOME.ogg on Norwegian bokmål systems) and plays back an audio stream from api.perceptron.stream:8000/56.ogg simultaneously on GNOME 42. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Distrobox_is_Awesome_–_blog.theuse.net⠀⇛ When I started using Distrobox, I started wondering what are the limits of what I could do with this system? I was able to install my favorite Usenet newsreader, Knode from Debian 8, and openSUSE on whatever system I wanted. It opened whole new doors for experimenting with software that may be long forgotten. Could I run a simple windows manager like i3, Sway, or IceWM in Distrobox? It took some trial and error, but yes I could. Now, with that said, we are working with containers. When you run an application in Distrobox, it mainly sees your actual home directory. Outside of your home directory, it sees the container’s filesystem. If you save something to your home directory, it gets saved to your real home directory and you can open it up like you could normally. If you save something to /usr/local/ or any other directory outside of your home directory, it will only be saved in the container and not to your actual base filesystem. o ⚓ Barry Kauler ☛ f2fscrypt_utility_compiled_statically_in_OE⠀⇛ I am planning to investigate f2fs instead of ext4 for the working partition. To support encrypted folders in ext4, there is the ‘e4crypt’ utility, which is in the initrd. To support encryption of folders in f2fs, the ‘f2fscrypt’ utility is needed. o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Alt_Workstation_K_10.0_Released⠀⇛ published release of the distribution kit ” Alt Workstation K 10 “, supplied with a graphical environment based on KDE Plasma, has been Boot images prepared for x86_64 architecture ( HTTP , Yandex Mirror , Distrib Coffee , Infania Networks ). The operating system is included in the Unified Register of Russian Programs and will satisfy the requirements for the transition to infrastructure running domestic operating systems. The build based on KDE was the final one in updating the entire line of Alt distributions to the tenth branch of the platform. In December 2021, the distribution “Alt Server” , “Workstation” , “Education” , Simply Linux , “Virtualization Server” were released . An important feature is the ability to boot from the Alt Workstation K disk in Live mode. Like other operating systems from the Alt OS family, the distribution is equipped with the Alterator graphical interface for system configuration, which allows you to manage users and groups, view system logs, add printers, configure the network, and much more. The system successfully works in the Active Directory domain. Support for applying group policies is implemented using the Samba 4.14 server. Alt Workstation K 10 contains all the tools for performing office tasks – a web browser, an office suite of text editors and spreadsheets, as well as players and editors for sound and video. o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ TrueNAS_13.0_Released,_a_Linux_OS_for_creating_network storage⠀⇛ TrueNAS 13.0 Release, a Linux OS for creating network storage, After a year and a half of development, iXsystems introduced the release of TrueNAS CORE 13 , a distribution kit for the rapid deployment of network storage (NAS, Network- Attached Storage). TrueNAS CORE 13 is based on the FreeBSD 13 code base, featuring integrated ZFS support and web-based management built using the Django Python framework. FTP, NFS, Samba, AFP, rsync and iSCSI are supported to organize storage access, software RAID (0,1,5) can be used to increase storage reliability, LDAP/Active Directory support is implemented for client authorization. The size of the iso image is 900MB (x86_64). In parallel TrueNAS SCALE distribution is being developed, using Linux instead of FreeBSD. o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ AlmaLinux_8.6_Released_Less_Than_48_Hours After_RHEL_8.6⠀⇛ Last Friday AlmaLinux announced the beta release of version 8.6 of its eponymous Linux distribution. On Thursday, the stable, production ready release of AlmaLinux 8.6, code named “Sky Tiger,” was pushed out the door, less than 48 hours after the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6. In case you’re new to the neighborhood, AlmaLinux is one of several distros that are vying to be replacements for CentOS, a distro that for 17 years offered users a feature-for-feature downstream copy of RHEL, until Red Hat ended the project at the end of last year, and repurposed the name (as CentOS Stream) to apply to RHEL’s nightly builds. # ⚓ Fedora Project ☛ Friday’s_Fedora_Facts:_2022-19_–_Fedora Community_Blog⠀⇛ Here’s your weekly Fedora report. Read what happened this week and what’s coming up. Your contributions are welcome (see the end of the post)! Fedora Linux 36 was released on Tuesday 10 May. Join us tomorrow for second day of the F36 Release Party Election nominations are open through 25 May. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Summit_2022_Newsroom⠀⇛ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Defines_a_New_Epicenter_for Innovation_with_Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux_9⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today introduced Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9, the Linux operating system designed to drive more consistent innovation across the open hybrid cloud, from bare metal servers to cloud providers and the farthest edge of enterprise networks. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 is designed to drive enterprise transformation in parallel with evolving market forces and customer demands in an automated and distributed IT world. The platform will be generally available in the coming weeks. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_and_General_Motors_Collaborate to_Trailblaze_the_Future_of_Software-Defined_Vehicles⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, and General Motors (NYSE:GM) today announced a collaboration to help advance software-defined vehicles at the edge. The companies expect to expand an ecosystem of innovation around the Red Hat In-Vehicle Operating System, which provides a functional-safety certified Linux operating system foundation intended for the ongoing evolution of GM’s Ultifi software platform. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Introduces_New_Cross-Portfolio Edge_Capabilities⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc., the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced new capabilities and enhancements across its portfolio of open hybrid cloud solutions aimed at accelerating enterprise adoption of edge compute architectures through the Red Hat Edge initiative. This set of new cross-portfolio edge features and capabilities will focus on helping customers and partners better adapt to edge computing by limiting complexity, speeding deployments, enhancing security capabilities and increasing confidence in managing systems consistently from the datacenter to the edge. # ⚓ Unicorn Media ☛ What_CEO_Paul_Cormier_Didn’t_Say_In_His_Red Hat_Summit_Keynote_–_FOSS_Force⠀⇛ Tuesday in Boston the doors opened on the first in- person Red Hat Summit since 2019. The company’s 2020 and 2021 events had been held entirely online in deference to the Covid virus. At the last in-person Red Hat lovefest, Red Hat was technically still a publicly traded independent company and Jim Whitehurst was the company’s CEO. The biggest news at that conference (other than the all-but-done sale to IBM) was the release of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8, making it the last RHEL release under an independent Red Hat. It seems somehow fitting that the company’s next in-person event has happened about a week before RHEL 8.x is to be replaced by RHEL 9. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ ZUBoard_1CG_–_A_low-cost_AMD_Xilinx_Zynq UltraScale+_ZU1CG_MPSoC_FPGA_development_board_–_CNX Software⠀⇛ Avnet ZUBoard 1CG is a development board featuring the new entry-level AMD Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ ZU1CG dual-core Cortex-A53 MPSoC with 81K FPGA system logic cells, equipped with 1GB LPDDR4 RAM, as well as SYZYGY connectors and mikroBus expansion for Click boards. Priced at $159, the board may offer a good opportunity to get started with Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC, as it’s quite cheaper than boards based on ZU3 devices such as Ultra96-V2 or MYD-CZU3EG. Avnet says the board is suitable for artificial intelligence, machine learning, embedded vision, embedded processing, and robotics applications. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Smart_Farm_with_Raspberry_PI,_RPI_Pico_and_WIZnet_Ethernet Hat⠀⇛ IoT devices have wide industry application fields. But they can also help improve some sectors such as agriculture to better use resources and keep under control your production In this tutorial, I’m going to show you how to create a smart farm architecture by using a Raspberry PI computer board as a central processing and data presentation, while a Raspberry PI Pico microcontroller with WIZnet Ethernet HAT will collect data from your farm. Please note that the steps covered in this tutorial should also work with the W5100S-EVB-Pico board. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ The_Best_New_Games_for_Android_This_Week_–_Potion_Party, Skeletal_Avenger_and_More_–_Droid_Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ 9_best_calendar_apps_for_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ 5_Android_apps_you_shouldn’t_miss_this week_–_Android_Apps_Weekly⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ The_5_Best_Open_Source_Android_Apps_for Productivity⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ How_to_use_Shizuku_to_restore_all_your Android_apps⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Funding⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Open-source-as-a-service_data_tech startup_scores_$210m_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Finnish open-source-as-a-service provider Aiven received $210 million in funding this week, adding $1 billion to its nominal valuation in just nine months. The Series D cash injection – led by Eurazeo, and joined by funds and accounts managed by BlackRock as well as existing investors IVP, Atomico, Earlybird, World Innovation Lab, and Salesforce Ventures – follows $60 million Series C funding which valued the firm at $2 billion. The latest investment round values the company at $3 billion. It’s remarkable considering it only supports open-source software and was worth $800 million when it got its first $100 million tranche of Series C funding in March last year. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Drew DeVault ☛ A_Hare_code_generator_for_finding_ioctl numbers⠀⇛ Modern Unix derivatives have this really bad idea called ioctl. It’s a function which performs arbitrary operations on a file descriptor. It is essentially the kitchen sink of modern Unix derivatives, particularly Linux, in which they act almost like a second set of extra syscalls. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ My_Brother_Brandon⠀⇛ I don’t know how we got home, but I had a brother, and for the next 12 years or so, he was really the only person I knew. We pretty much did everything together. o ⚓ gemini://okayhousekeeping.flounder.online/gemlog/2022-05-14.gmi⠀⇛ Bad. It’s going pretty bad. Work is exhausting. Mondays and Tuesdays generally still work out. Wednesdays fall through and I end up doing multiple garbage runs on Saturday. o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ 5_reasons_to_apply_for_B_Corp certification⠀⇛ As Managing Director, I have found that becoming a B Corp has been hugely beneficial to us as at Wholegrain Digital and has contributed to our success in recent years. I believe that it should only be pursued if you truly want to run a more responsible business. It’s a lot of work that won’t immediately pay for itself but if you’re in it for the long term, it can pay dividends for people, the planet, and be financially profitable too. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ USCERT ☛ CISA_Temporarily_Removes_CVE-2022-26925_from_Known Exploited_Vulnerability_Catalog [Ed: Almost as if Microsoft controls CISA "from the inside". They certainly control the narrative there as CISA rarely mentions Windows or Microsoft, except in a positive context.]⠀⇛ CISA is temporarily removing CVE-2022-26925 from its Known Exploited Vulnerability Catalog due to a risk of authentication failures when the May 10, 2022 Microsoft rollup update is applied to domain controllers. After installing May 10, 2022 rollup update on domain controllers, organizations might experience authentication failures on the server or client for services, such as Network Policy Server (NPS), Routing and Remote access Service (RRAS), Radius, Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), and Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP). Microsoft notified CISA of this issue, which is related to how the mapping of certificates to machine accounts is being handled by the domain controller. # ⚓ Bleeping Computer ☛ Microsoft:_Sysrv_botnet_targets Windows,_Linux_servers_with_new_exploits [Ed: This has nothing to do with Linux, but Microsoft-connected sites post garbage like that]⠀⇛ Microsoft says the Sysrv botnet is now exploiting vulnerabilities in the Spring Framework and WordPress to ensnare and deploy cryptomining malware on vulnerable Windows and Linux servers. # ⚓ Vulnerability_in_Zyxel_firewalls_allowing_code_execution without_authentication_–_LinuxStoney⠀⇛ in Zyxel’s ATP, VPN, and USG FLEX series devices designed for enterprise firewalls, IDS, and VPNs has been identified critical vulnerability (CVE- 2022-30525) To carry out an attack, an attacker must be able to send requests to the device via the HTTP/HTTPS protocol. Zyxel vulnerability in the ZLD 5.30 firmware update. According to the Shodan service, there are currently 16,213 potentially vulnerable devices on the global network that accept requests via HTTP/HTTPS. Operation is performed by sending specially designed commands to the /ztp/cgi-bin/handler web handler, accessible without authentication. The problem caused by the lack of proper cleaning of query parameters when executing commands in the system using the os.system call used in the lib_wan_settings.py library and performed when processing the setWanPortSt operation. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Some_Government_is_Probably_Okay_I_Guess⠀⇛ I have a lot of anarcho-capitalist friends. Mostly we get on fine, but there’s a limit to our agreement: they say all government is bad, and I say, yeah, but I’m okay with some anyway. Here’s why we disagree: Everyone accepts that people do good things sometimes, and bad things other times. Everyone does something wrong sometimes, and some more than others. There’s a subset of people who are comfortable doing what they know is wrong and would oppose as wrong if others did it, as long as they see a personal advantage in the wrong act. In terms that start to become political, that means that some of us will exercise coercion on people if we see a likely advantage to it. So, in a society of people minding their own business, engaging in voluntary relations of all kinds, some will join together to violate the rights of others for their own gain. They are, after all, acting in their own self-interest: if they feel no particular moral discomfort in gaining by taking your property by force, why wouldn’t they turn marauder? Joined together, they have little to fear from the opposition of one person alone. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1766 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 05.14.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_14/05/2022:_Builder_GTK_4_Porting_and_Raspberry_Pi_Matrix_Dashboard⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:56 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Server o Audiocasts/Shows o Graphics_Stack o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Programming/Development # Perl_/_Raku o Standards/Consortia * Leftovers * Transparency/Investigative_Reporting * Environment o Energy o Wildlife/Nature o Overpopulation * Finance * AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics * Censorship/Free_Speech * Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press * Civil_Rights/Policing * Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality * Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) * Monopolies o Copyrights * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Server⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Retrotechtacular:_The_IBM_System/360 Remembered⠀⇛ Before IBM was synonymous with personal computers, they were synonymous with large computers. If you didn’t live it, it was hard to realize just how ubiquitous IBM computers were in most industries. And the flagship of the mainframe world was the IBM System/360. For a whole generation that grew up in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a 360 was probably what you thought of when someone said computer. [Computer History Archive Project] has a loving recollection of the machine with a lot of beautiful footage from places like NASA and IBM itself. You can see the video below. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Hackaday_Podcast_168:_Math_Flattens_Spheres, FPGAs_Emulate_Arcades,_And_We_Can’t_Shake_Polaroid_Pictures⠀⇛ Join Hackaday Editor-in-Chief Elliot Williams and Staff Writer Dan Maloney as they review the top hacks for the week. It was a real retro-fest this time, with a C64 built from (mostly) new parts, an Altoids Altair, and learning FPGAs via classic video games. We also looked at LCD sniffing to capture data from old devices, reimagined the resistor color code, revisited the magic of Polaroid instant cameras, and took a trip down television’s memory lane. But it wasn’t all old stuff — there’s flat-packing a sphere with math, spraying a fine finish on 3D printed parts, a DRM- free label printer, and a look at what’s inside that smartphone in your pocket — including some really weird optics. o § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ NVIDIA_Releases_Drivers_With_Openness_Flavor⠀⇛ This year, we’ve already seen sizeable leaks of NVIDIA source code, and a release of open-source drivers for NVIDIA Tegra. It seems NVIDIA decided to amp it up, and just released open-source GPU kernel modules for Linux. The GitHub link named open-gpu-kernel-modules has people rejoice, and we are already testing the code out, making memes and speculating about the future. This driver is currently claimed to be experimental, only “production-ready” for datacenter cards – but you can already try it out! o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ APNIC ☛ Reducing_bias_of_networking_A/B_tests⠀⇛ My colleagues and I at Stanford University and Netflix, recently published a paper at the Internet Measurement Conference 2021 (and which was one of the recipients of this year’s Applied Networking Research Prize) that showed how A/B tests can have extremely biased results when run over congested networks. We showed experiments where even the direction of the result is switched — a treatment that performs poorly in an A/B test could perform well when deployed, and vice versa. # ⚓ APNIC ☛ The_future_(and_history)_of_IPSec⠀⇛ These can be used to either protect IP directly or in a ‘tunnelled’ mode. Tunnelled mode is most like the virtual private network widely used by enterprises in the global Internet. # ⚓ APNIC ☛ Open_DNS_resolvers,_from_bad_to_worse⠀⇛ This prompted my colleagues and me at the University of Twente to think of how to further shrink the surface for abuse of open resolvers during DDoS attacks, specifically the amplification power. We recently experimented with open resolvers to identify amplification power diversities that we intuitively expected among open resolvers in the IPv4 address space. Among our findings, we found that we can reduce the overall potential of such attacks by 80% if we patch around 20% of the most potent amplifiers. # ⚓ Scribe ☛ Linux_Accessibility:_an_unmaintained_Mess⠀⇛ This article was written so that focus can be brought to the accessibility of the Linux desktop. As Raspberry Pi computers become more prevalent in schools, I want blind students to be able to enjoy learning to code, manage systems, and explore computing. I want blind people to be able to grow up learning about computers to the point that, when they’re in their early 20s, they can build apps, make emulation layers for older systems, or automate their jobs. I want blind kids to have the opportunities I didn’t have. Furthermore, I want them to be able to learn Python, not Quorum. I want them to learn the innards of Linux, not to have to fight Windows for every advanced setting or change. And if a blind person is tired of their blind- specific job, I want them to be able to easily learn to be a system administrator by administering their own Linux system. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Lovecraft’s_Untold_Stories_2_gets_delayed⠀⇛ Although the release date for Lovecraft’s Untold Stories 2 was only announced (along with Native Linux support) recently, it seems they’re going to give it a bit more time to cook. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Open_3D_Engine_v22.05_out,_O3DCon_in October_with_proposals_open [Ed: Windows-centric, but some people try to change that...]⠀⇛ Originally Amazon Lumberyard that was donated to open source, the Open 3D Foundation just announced a big new release and they have an annual conference coming up. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Please_Fix_The_Road_will_have_an_official version_just_for_pirates⠀⇛ Please Fix The Road is an upcoming puzzle game I highlighted back in March because it looks simply beautiful and perhaps a bit of a challenge. The developer announced recently a rather unusual plan in the indie dev space, involving pirates. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ art_of_rally_is_getting_another_big_free update_with_Indonesia⠀⇛ Ready for one more run? Funselektor Labs have announced that art of rally is set for another big free expansion. This time you get to race through Indonesia with the developer promising “plenty of palms, even more beaches”. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Proton_Experimental_bumps_minimum_driver version,_more_playable_on_Linux_and_Steam_Deck⠀⇛ The latest update to Proton Experimental has landed for running Windows games on Linux and Steam Deck. Here’s all that’s changed. Firstly, the driver version requirements have seen a bump. At a minimum you now need NVIDIA 510.47 / Mesa 22.0 or newer so if you wish to continue using it make sure you’re up to date (Steam Deck is fine). # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Steam_Deck_gets_some_quick_fixes,_main Steam_Client_update_with_Deck_Verified_Collections⠀⇛ Valve have released a small update for the Steam Deck, along with an update to the main desktop Steam client. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ This_week_in_KDE:_something_for_everyone⠀⇛  This week we have a little bit of everything! Hopefully everyone should be able to find something to like… Current number of bugs: 68, down from 70. 0 added and 2 resolved… # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ KDE_Frameworks_5.94_Released_with_More Than_200_Changes,_Here’s_What’s_New⠀⇛  Highlights of the KDE Frameworks 5.94 release include support for the Plasma desktop to show icon previews for files on NFS or NTFS drives, the Trash, Plasma Vaults, KDE Connect mounts, and other non-local locations # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Builder_GTK_4_Porting,_Part_IV⠀⇛ I spent a little time this week triaging some incoming Text Editor issues and feature requests. I’d really like this application to get into maintenance mode soon because I have plenty of other projects to maintain. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu_22.10_(Kinetic_Kudu)_development_starts._Here_are all_the_details_you_need_to_know.⠀⇛ Details about the upcoming Ubuntu 22.10 Kinetic Kudu that includes expected features, updated with daily build download links. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ FriendlyELEC_unveils_Rockchip_based_NanoPi R5S_SBC_with_gigabit_WAN/LAN_support_and_HDMI_output⠀⇛ FriendlyELEC recently revealed a new member of its NanoPi line on their social Media. The NanoPi R5S is a SBC (Single Board Computer) based on the Rockchip RK3568 processor. According to the company, the NanoPi has been designed to be used as a gateway device. The NanoPi R5S integrates the Rockchip RK3568B2 quad core Cortex-A55 processor (up to 2.0GHz), a Arm Mali-G52 MP2 GPU, a NPU (0.8 TOPs) and a VPU capable of 4K60 decode and 1080P60 encode. Furthermore, there is 2GB of LPDDR4X RAM memory. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Tom’s Hardware ☛ Raspberry_Pi_Matrix_Dashboard_is_Packed with_Features_and_Apps⠀⇛ While it’s possible to run your Raspberry Pi headless (without a monitor), half of the fun is using the tiny PC to drive a display for videos, games, and an endless array of visual possibilities. However, one of the best screen options has to be RGB matrices. Today we’ve got a fantastic matrix project put together by Allen from Allen’s Lab, who created an impressively comprehensive dashboard for his 64 x 32 matrix. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Android_13_Beta_2_adds_some_charming_new emoji_mashups_to_Emoji_Kitchen_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ GSM Arena ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_M22_receives_Android_12_update with_One_UI_4.1_–_GSMArena.com_news⠀⇛ # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ Oppo_Reno_7_Pro_gets_Android_12_FINALLY! Here_is_what_you_can_expect_|_Mobile_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Use_Game_Dashboard_on_Android_12_for Enhanced_Mobile_Gaming⠀⇛ # ⚓ Kim Kommando ☛ Malware_is_still_a_huge_problem_for_Android –_Here’s_what_to_watch_for⠀⇛ # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ Google_Wallet_on_Android_Wants_to_Replace_Your Real_Wallet⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Almost_900,000_abandoned_Android_apps could_get_removed_from_the_Play_Store_soon_–_Android Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Now_in_Android_gets_a_dedicated_showcase app_that_doubles_as_a_news_portal_for_developers⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ desperately_seeking_seclusion_(i.e._working_from_home)⠀⇛ You wanna know what’s way more difficult than I thought it would be? Doing real work after over a couple decades of writing software remotely. But, wow, could I get hired again? “Agism” does seem to be a thing in my somewhat recent experience. And I’m not completely opposed to it, for surely younger people need such jobs way more than I do. But I’d really love to setting into a software “generalist” position, and use those earnings to hire others to do what’s become too backbreaking and/or exhausting for me – at least at the pace my wife was hoping I could sustain (especially as outdoor temperatures rise). # § Perl / Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Relativism⠀⇛ Like marginalia, I don’t know how to build software. Not only that, I also don’t know how to live my life. o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Joinup ☛ Expert_recommendations_for_the_next_EU Interoperability_Policy:_official_version_published⠀⇛ The Expert group on the Interoperability of European Public Services came together and formulated 27 recommendations to strengthen the interoperability of public administrations across the EU. These recommendations are one of the cornerstones for the upcoming European Commission policy proposal “Interoperable Europe Act”. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_New_York_Times_Has_Badly_Lost_Its_Bearings⠀⇛ Joe Kahn, the next executive editor of The New York Times, will inherit a great news organization that has lost its bearings when it comes to national and political coverage. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Farewell_to_Midge_Decter,_the_Bigot_on_the_Beach⠀⇛ It was Midge Decter’s misfortune to, like Norman Mailer and William F. Buckley before her, become a target of the Olympian ire of Gore Vidal. Decter, who died at age 94 earlier this week, is rarely regarded as in the same league as these three men, although she was, at different points in her life, a close friend of both Mailer and Buckley. Indeed, as an editor at Harper’s Magazine, she helped midwife one of Mailer’s best books, The Armies of the Night (1967). And Vidal himself was a kind of friendly enemy to Decter in the 1960s, before becoming an outright enemy when they quarreled about gay rights. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_American_Justice_System_Has_Failed_Us_All⠀⇛ If you watched TV in the 1960s and 1970s as I did, you would undoubtedly have come away with the idea that this country’s courts, law enforcement agencies, and the laws they aimed to honor added up to a system in which justice was always served. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Powerful_Untold_Stories⠀⇛ It occurs to me that a similar untold story of power happening all around us in younger generations involves the “right” demonstrated capacities – and “left” incapacity – to learn from our mistakes and from our adversaries’ victories. From the 30,000 foot level where Dems are “left” and the rightwing looks even more united than (tho just as white as) it actually is, let me try to explain with generations of examples drawn for simplicity from that broad D/R binary tendency as expressed crudely in decades of presidential leadership: o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ “Something_to_Do_with_Paying_Attention”:_David Foster_Wallace’s_Final_Work,_the_Public_Good,_and_a_“Wastoid” Nation⠀⇛ His appraisal of the emotional utility of literature has become a cliché, quoted endlessly in essays about Wallace (like this one), and articles about literature more broadly. Even though this will also traverse into cliché territory, it seems that the “less alone” function of literature is impossible to actually achieve as a social mechanism. Instead, literature can offer the cold comfort of allowing a person to feel that his or her own sense of separation from the dominant community or culture is not unique. It sounds simple, but when reading David Foster Wallace, I often think, “Someone else gets/got it” – the “it” being a feeling that I cannot fully describe. Wallace was not a preacher or politician, even if the borderline worshipful community of admirers that has developed since his 2008 suicide has turned him into a guru. He was an artist. Like most great artists, he made it impossible to separate the substance from the form of his work. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Lawrence_O’Donnell_is_Worried_About_Senate Apportionment⠀⇛ Having recently returned to an apartment equipped with cable television, putting me back in touch with the great pearls of wisdom tossed on the airwaves by the imperialist likes of Anderson Cooper and Rachel Maddow, I am struck by O’Donnell’s recent discovery that the U.S. Senate – wherein every US state gets two representatives (US Senators) – is absurdly malapportioned in ways that vastly over-represent the most rural, white, and reactionary states and regions of the United States and that Republicans are using to crush “American democracy.” O’Donnell recently observed that California is home to nearly 40 million people and gets two US Senators while “the Dakotas” – the two right-wing states North and South Dakota – have four US Senators between them despite a combined population “less than [bright blue and progressive] Brooklyn.” This, O’Donnell feels, is a gross “minority rule” violation of “American democracy,” which is based on the egalitarian notions of one person, one vote and majority rule. Ya don’t say. o ⚓ Andre Alves Garzia ☛ How_this_blog_works,_or,_embracing_chaos⠀⇛ Once I decided to get back into blogging, I first went on a deep rabbit hole of researching what to use. It is not as if I didn’t had a website, it is just that I treated my websites as temporary. I would every couple years burn it all down and create a new one in the same domain. I wish I kept the old data, but at the moment that trashing usually involved migrating to new servers or services, but that is a story for another time. What I ended up finding was all the IndieWeb stuff, and it made me fall in love with blogging again. I was ready to be in control of my own platform and what is best than to be in control of your own CMS source-code, am I right? no. o ⚓ The_Shark_Pen_Is_a_Great_Pen⠀⇛ Many consider the Lamy Safari to be a good example of good design that’s based on true understanding of the user’s needs, but with cost in mind. I agree and the Safari is a great workhorse pen for me, but I like Jinhao 993 (the “shark pen”) more, and I think it’s a better pen. I think it’s amazing to see how much Jinhao has achieved, within much lower price constraints. Although it’s a light pen with good length, the ergonomic grip section of the Safari is thin and tapered. It works best when you put the fingers on the flat sides of the grip section, and rest the fingers on the two “wings”. After a while, my hand gets tired. In contrast, the shark pen has a wide grip section, which isn’t tapered. My hand is relaxed when I hold this pen. It has two curved indents on the sides, allowing you to hold the pen higher, if that’s what works for you, or if your hand is tired and you must switch to a more relaxed grip if you want to keep up with the lecture. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ What’s_In_A_Wattmeter?⠀⇛ The idea behind watts seems deceptively simple. By definition, a watt is the amount of work done when one ampere of current flows between a potential of one volt. If you think about it, a watt is basically how much work is done by a 1V source across a 1Ω resistor. That’s easy to say, but how do you measure it in the real world? [DiodeGoneWild] has the answer in a recent video where he tears a few wattmeters open. o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ My_College_Students_Are_Not_OK⠀⇛ I also feel compassion for my students, but the learning breakdown has convinced me that continuing to relax standards would be a mistake. Looser standards are contributing to the problem, because they make it too easy for students to disengage from classes. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Absolute_Encoder_Teardown⠀⇛ According to [Lee Teschler], the classic representation of encoders showing code rings is out of date. His post says that most industrial absolute encoders use a special magnetic sensor known as a Wiegand wire to control costs. To demonstrate he does a teardown of an encoder made by Nidec Avtron Automation, and if you’ve ever wondered what’s inside something like this, you enjoy the post. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Big_Audio_Visualizer_Pumps_With_The_Music⠀⇛ A spectrum analyzer is a great way to create exciting visuals that pulse in time with music. [pyrograf] wanted a big one as a display piece, so set about whipping up something of their very own. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Round_LCDs_Put_To_Work_In_Rack_Mount_Gauge Cluster⠀⇛ Like many of you, we’re intrigued by the possibilities offered by the availability of affordable round LCD panels. But beyond the smartwatches they were designed for, it’s not always easy to come up with an appropriate application for such non-traditional displays. Digital “steam gauges” are one of the first ideas that come to mind, so it’s perhaps no surprise that’s the direction [Tom Dowad] took his project. But rather than just one or two gauges, he decided to go all out and put eight of them in a 1U rack mountable unit. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Did_the_Long_Pandemic_Spawn_a_New_Kind_of Repression?⠀⇛ I’ve traveled domestically and internationally many times since the start of the pandemic and I hate the mask as much as anyone. It makes me sneeze and it tickles. After 10 hours on long hauls, I can indeed feel like I’m suffocating. It can be almost unbearable. But after two years of obediently masking up to enter airports and planes around the world, I found my first unmasked travel experience jarring indeed, even though I kept mine on. I was not the only masked person on that American Airlines flight, but I was definitely in the minority. Writing a book, Virus: Vaccinations, the CDC, and the Hijacking of America’s Response to the Pandemic, about the politics and science of our Covid-19 experience, I came to know and trust public-health policy experts and vaccine scientists. I learned enough about the mRNA vaccines so many (but not enough) of us have received that I regard them as a major medical milestone well worth celebrating. I also accept that scientific understanding is based on uncertainty and the advice of our health authorities is only as good as the latest peer- reviewed article. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Flatly_Incomprehensible’:_White_House Prepares_to_Ration_Vaccines_as_GOP_Obstructs_Covid_Aid⠀⇛ The Biden White House is reportedly preparing to ration coronavirus vaccines as Senate Republicans continue to obstruct a multibillion-dollar Covid-19 aid package, sparking outcry from public health experts who say GOP obstruction is hampering the nation’s pandemic response as infections rise. Politico reported late Thursday that the Biden administration “may soon need to run its sprawling pandemic response on a shoestring budget” as Republicans in Congress hold up a $10 billion aid package that a bipartisan group of senators agreed to in late March. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Overdose_Deaths_Are_Higher_Than_Ever,_and_the GOP_Is_Exploiting_the_Crisis⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ The_Plot_to_Keep_Meatpacking_Plants_Open During_COVID-19⠀⇛ As hundreds of meatpacking workers fell sick from the coronavirus that was spreading through their plants and into their communities in April 2020, the CEO of Tyson Foods reached out to the head of another major meatpacker, Smithfield Foods, with a proposal. Smithfield’s pork plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, had been hit particularly hard, and state and local officials were pressuring the company to shut it down. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Russia’s_Hunger_Games⠀⇛ The latest developments, including: – Russia’s war on Ukrainian agriculture – Echoes of Holodomor? – Why is Russia attacking farms and grain warehouses? – Biden limits intelligence sharing with Ukraine – Why Biden is right to do so – How we learned the details on the Butchers of Bucha – The importance of antiwar voices not losing their humanity – German neo-Nazis trained in Russia to fight in Donbas o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ SANS ☛ Octopus_Backdoor_is_Back_with_a_New_Embedded Obfuscated_Bat_File⠀⇛ Last week, I found another interesting Word document that delivered an interesting malicious script to potential victims. Usually, Office documents carry VBA macros that are activated using a bit of social engineering (the classic yellow ribbon) but this time, the document did not contain any malicious code: [...] # ⚓ Computer World ☛ Apple’s_Mac_shortage_is_a_big_red_flag_for enterprise_IT⠀⇛ Enterprise purchasers should expect to become frustrated when purchasing new hardware in the coming months, as supply chain logistics continue to deteriorate. When it comes to Apple kit, you may have the budget, but Macs are becoming increasingly difficult to find. # ⚓ Macworld ☛ As_WWDC_looms,_Apple_is_quickly_running_out_of Macs⠀⇛ In fact, the only Macs that don’t appear to be in short supply in the U.S. are the older M1 Macs: the MacBook Air, 13-inch MacBook Pro, Mac mini, and 24- inch iMac, all of which are mostly available for shipping immediately. While Apple shipping delays are hardly a new phenomenon, particularly with newer products, just last month, many of these products were being shipped within 2-3 weeks. with the M1 Max MacBook Pros having a six-weeks backlog. So it’s getting bad out there. Here’s when you can expect to get your Mac if you order from the Apple Store today: [...] o § Pseudo-Open Source⠀➾ # § Openwashing⠀➾ # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Red_Hat_Summit_marks_the_triumph_of open_source⠀⇛ “It’s not enough to just say, ‘Hey, we’ve got APIs.’ We have API Sprawl today, so it’s mainly about building that ecosystem. We are very active in the community and trying to do things that can lift up the community, help the developers, help that cloud-native ecosystem, and help our customers move faster,” he concluded. Here’s the complete video interview, part of SiliconANGLE’s and theCUBE’s coverage of the Red Hat Summit event: [...] # ⚓ SDx Central ☛ Cisco:_Community_Is_Key_for_Open_Source Security⠀⇛ The intersection of software and security “is an onion,” he said. To that point, Augustus doesn’t believe open source security can ever be fully trusted in terms of security. “The final answer that I like to give for any sufficiently complex problem is: it depends.” o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ PIA ☛ Mental_Health_Apps_Are_Not_As_Private_As_You Think⠀⇛ However, these apps aren’t as trustworthy as you think. Mental health apps secretly pass on your data to their business partners behind your back. It’s not just a few basic facts either: the shared data often contains your address, full name, occupation, marital status, symptoms you’re experiencing, daily moods, and a lot more. # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Anonymous_bulletin_board_app_Yik_Yak_is revealing_its_users’_exact_locations⠀⇛ Yik Yak, an app that acts as a local anonymous message board, makes it possible to find users’ precise locations and unique IDs, Motherboard reports. A researcher who analyzed Yik Yak data was able to access precise GPS coordinates of where posts and comments came from, accurate within 10 to 15 feet, and says he brought his findings to the company in April. # ⚓ Malwarebytes Labs ☛ Client_side_scanning_may_cost more_than_it_delivers⠀⇛ Privacy advocates argue it brings the EU closer to the surveillance state that many see in other countries and that is a frightful image. It is also a step back when it comes to cybersecurity. What do we call software that eavesdrops on what we are doing on our devices and sends it to a third party? Spyware! And what happens to servers that accumulate large amounts of private data? They become targets for cybercriminals. [...] In this case, it means that the EU wants to force all providers of email, messaging, and chat services to comprehensively search all private messages, even in the absence of any suspicion. That makes the contents of messages no longer private between the sender and receiver, and client-side scanning breaks the E2E encryption trust model. # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Google_is_failing_to_enforce its_own_ban_on_ads_for_stalkerware⠀⇛ Stalkerware, also referred to as spyware, is software designed to secretly monitor another person, tracking their location, phone calls, private messages, web searches, and keystrokes. Such apps, some of which are free but most of which are paid-for, typically run undetected in the background on a phone, or masquerade as harmless-seeming calculators, calendars, or system maintenance apps. # ⚓ The Markup ☛ Facebook_Promised_to_Remove_“Sensitive” Ads._Here’s_What_It_Left_Behind⠀⇛ As far back as 2018, CEO Mark Zuckerberg told Congress the company had “removed the ability to exclude ethnic groups and other sensitive categories from ad targeting. So that just isn’t a feature that’s even available anymore.” The Markup found, however, that while “Hispanic culture” was removed, for example, “Spanish language” was not. “Tea Party Patriots” was removed, but “Tea party” and “The Tea Party” were still available. “Social equality” and “Social justice” are gone, but advertisers could still target “Social movement” and “Social change.” Starbucks, for example, was still able to use existing options after the change to place an ad for its pistachio latte focused on users interested in “Contemporary R&B,” “telenovela,” “Spanish language,” and “K- pop,” all proxies for Black, Latino, and Asian audiences on Facebook. # ⚓ Malwarebytes Labs ☛ Clearview_AI_banned_from_selling facial_recognition_data_in_the_US⠀⇛ Clearview AI, a facial recognition software and surveillance company, is permanently banned from selling its faceprint database within the United States. The company also cannot sell its database to state and law enforcement entities in Illinois for five years. This is a historic win for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). This nonprofit organization filed a lawsuit against Clearview in 2020, alleging the company has built its business around secretly taking facial recognition data from people without consent. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_To_End_the_Horror_in_Ukraine,_Go Big,_and_Go_Broad⠀⇛ The tragic, illegal war of aggression by Russia against Ukraine should end now, with a ceasefire and then a comprehensive peace agreement. It could be based on the previously negotiated 2015 Minsk II agreement, which is quite detailed and balanced in seeking to resolve territorial, political, cultural, and linguistic disputes. What makes this war so ghastly is the eventual outcome was widely known and achievable before Russia invaded, namely Ukrainian neutrality, no NATO membership, and territorial, legal and political accommodations over Crimea and the Donbas region. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ German_Peace_Activist_Warns_Finland_Joining NATO_Could_Be_Step_Toward_Nuclear_War_with_Russia⠀⇛ Finland’s president and prime minister say they plan to end decades of neutrality and join NATO. Sweden is also expected to seek NATO membership. The Kremlin says Russia sees the expansion of NATO on its borders as a threat. “People on both sides will suffer,” says Reiner Braun, executive director of the International Peace Bureau, who warns Russia will escalate in response and move more nuclear weapons near the 830-mile-long Finland-Russia border. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ EU,_UK,_US_Directly_Accuse_Russia_Of_Hacking ViaSat_Satellites⠀⇛ For literally more than a decade researchers warned that global satellite telecommunications networks were vulnerable to attack. These attacks vary in nature but several allowed an intruder miles away to both intercept and disrupt satellite communications. In 2020 hackers again clearly demonstrated how these perpetually unresolved vulnerabilities were putting millions of people at risk. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_Rich_And_Powerful_Are_Abusing_‘Privacy’_Laws To_Silence_Journalists_And_Authors⠀⇛ At a time when Russia and Russian oligarchs should be facing more scrutiny and careful work by investigative reporters, it is actually becoming that much more difficult to do so. And the main reason is that EU and UK “data protection” laws, passed in a flurry with promises of protecting your privacy from the greedy Silicon Valley Zuckerbergian overlords, is actually serving as a potent weapon in the hands of Russian oligarchs seeking to avoid scrutiny. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Ukraine_War_is_Accelerating_the_New Space_Race⠀⇛ These decisions have naturally generated concern across the space industry and political landscape. For decades, Russian and Western countries have collaborated in space despite flare-ups in tensions on Earth. In 1975, the U.S. Apollo capsule linked up with the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft briefly as a symbol of cooperation amid the Cold War. In 1995, the U.S. space shuttle Atlantis docked with the Russian space station Mir. And in 1998, the International Space Station (ISS) was launched, featuring a Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) and a United States Orbital Segment (USOS), the latter being operated by NASA, the ESA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Athens_Declaration_Calls_for_End_to_Ukraine War_and_Creation_of_‘Lasting_Peace’⠀⇛ A group of international progressives on Friday released a declaration demanding an urgent withdrawal of Russian forces from Ukraine, a global end to “rampant militarism,” and the forging of a collaborative movement to ensure lasting peace and a planet safe from climate catastrophe. The Athens Declaration was unveiled at a press conference in the Greek capital by Turkish author Ece Temelkuran; British Member of Parliament and former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn; and former Greek finance minister and leader of the MeRA25 party Yanis Varoufakis. The three are all Progressive International council members. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_We_Have_More_in_Common_With_Cuba Than_We_Think⠀⇛ A week ago I returned to the United States from Cuba where I got to spend International Workers’ Day with 100 other young organizers from the U.S. alongside over 700,000 other people who celebrated in Havana that day. With the International People’s Assembly of North America, we spent a week learning about the Cuban socialist project and how the blockade imposed by the United States impacts life in Cuba. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Zelenskyy_Calls_for_Direct_Talks_With_Putin_as Russia_Pulls_Back_From_Kharkiv⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘We_Must_Find_an_Agreement’:_Zelenskyy Calls_for_Direct_Talks_With_Putin⠀⇛ Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Thursday that he is prepared to hold direct talks with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin amid mounting fears that Moscow’s invasion and the West’s response have spiraled into a dangerous proxy war between nuclear-armed powers. “We must find an agreement,” Zelenskyy said in an interview with an Italian media outlet as deadly ground fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces continues to intensify. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Ukraine_in_Vain:_Fuck_Putin_but_Let_the_Donbass Go⠀⇛ It’s tempting to chock this upset up to the fact that Ukraine is the heavily armed quisling state of a massive empire but if Afghanistan taught us a goddamn thing it’s that all the money in the universe can’t buy you a victory in someone else’s country. Kabul collapsed like a trillion-dollar lawn chair because the people there wanted the Taliban to stay and Kyiv withstood a brutal siege from one of the biggest armies on earth because the people there wanted Putin to go fuck himself, and good on them for that. I despise Volodymyr Zelensky and his grotesque coalition of neoliberal gangsters and barely closeted neo-fascists, but they didn’t kick Russia’s ass until it broke. This war wasn’t won by NATO, it was won by some working-class, Russian-speaking, Vlad Jerkoff lobbing Stinger missiles at T-72s for running over his fucking mailbox. Saddam Hussein was a gutless dirtbag too but that didn’t make the rooftop Sadrists who spoiled Bush’s “Mission Accomplished” any less legit. Provoked or not, Putin invaded somebody else’s neighborhood and somebody else made him pay a heavy price for his hubris, leaving Vlad with no other choice but to limp from the front lines back to Donbas and declare his retreat Phase Two as if he had planned it all along. o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Indian_Boarding_Schools_Were_Part_of_“Genocidal Process”_Carried_Out_by_the_US⠀⇛ o ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ What_Might_A_Ukraine_Peace_Agreement_Look_Like?⠀⇛ Currently nobody in power wants peace. Both sides believe they might yet improve their position on the ground. Thousands are needlessly dying horrible deaths in Europe. But the West now has a proxy war with Russia itself that is weakening Russia militarily, economically and diplomatically. Putin has to keep going, hoping to show something he can portray as victory and worth all the pain. Meantime the arms manufacturers and related interests are profiting enormously – and never forget that applies to both sides. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Taking_Aim_At_US_Follies_and_Media_Malpractices 2016:_Stephen_Cohen_Takes_on_the_Hawks⠀⇛ War with Russia: from Putin and Ukraine to Trump and Russiagate (2022) provides lots of critical insights, pearls brought up from the deep diving of Cohen. Our focus in the first article was on the demonization of Vladimir Putin; this one puts the spotlight on US follies and media malpractices in 2016. Reminding us in the  January 20th commentary that Barach Obama had vowed to “isolate” Putin in international relations, Cohen observes that in early January there was a flurry of nervous diplomatic activity in Washington, Paris, Germany, Moscow, and Kiev to discuss two “essential elements” of the Minsk Accords. The rebel regions in eastern Ukraine were to receive constitutionally legislated home rule. But Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko feared a “violent backlash by armed ultranationalist forces” (p. 33). Russia had its own problems and issues – ranging from Europe and Syria to economic woes. But the US media-political narrative misunderstood what Putin wanted in Ukraine: “not a permanently destabilized country, as is incessantly reported, but a peaceful neighbour that does not threaten Russia’s vital economic or security interests – or permanently divide millions of inter-married Russian- Ukrainian families (p. 34). Most of us don’t have a clue about the ethnic-historical composition of Ukraine (about 30% of Ukrainians are of Russian origin). Cohen considered this “secret diplomacy” a hopeful “fork in the road.” However, as we now know more completely, Washington and NATO were opposed to Russia’s security demands. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Mali’s_Military_Ejects_France,_But_Faces_Serious Challenges⠀⇛ Colonel Maïga said that there were three reasons why Mali’s military had taken this dramatic decision. The first was that they were reacting to France’s “unilateral attitude,” reflected in the way France’s military operated in Mali and in the June 2021 decision by French President Emmanuel Macron to withdraw French forces from the country “without consulting Mali.” France’s military forces moved to nearby Niger thereafter and continued to fly French military planes over Malian airspace. These violations of Malian airspace “despite the establishment of a temporary no-fly zone by the Malian military authorities” constituted the second reason for the new declaration, according to the statement. Thirdly, Mali’s military had asked the French in December 2021 to revise the France-Mali Defense Cooperation treaty. Apparently, France’s answer to relatively minor revisions from Mali on April 29 displeased the military, which then issued its statement a few days later. ‘Neither Peace, Nor Security, Nor Reconciliation’ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Fresh_Off_Russia,_the_U.S._Just_Can’t_Stop Provoking_China⠀⇛ In addition, are the hundreds if not thousands of rulers in human history who invaded foreign countries – are they all Hitler? And I guess we’ve just forgotten about the part where Hitler exterminated six million Jews along with millions of Slavs, Roma, communists and other so- called undesirables. That apparently is no longer considered a defining characteristic of Hitler’s unique evil. How else to explain that accusations of being Hitler are a dime a dozen these days? Such cheap rhetoric does nothing to help ordinary, suffering Ukrainian people. But it sure helps corporate war-mongers get richer. That’s the point. “But, but,” Washington’s power-drunk denizens stammer, as defense company stocks soar through the roof, over 60 percent since Russia’s invasion, “the rules-based order!” That’s the humbug by which the U.S. empire evades international law to claim its “rules” apply to everybody else but Washington. Except lately, the civilized world, namely the Global South, doesn’t buy this baloney. The trick ain’t working anyplace outside of Europe. o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Patrick_Cockburn:_Will_the_Ukraine_War_End_Without Destroying_All_Life_on_the_Planet?⠀⇛ Veteran award-winning journalists Patrick Cockburn and Robert Scheer, who met in Moscow in 1987 when Mikhail Gorbachev optimistically promised peace, now fear a descent into nuclear war hell. o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ US_Air_Force’s_British_Expansion⠀⇛ Only Japan and Germany, countries occupied by the US military after World War 2, host more US airmen than Britain. Nuclear-capable American B-52 bombers were recently deployed in Gloucestershire amid Ukraine tensions. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_War_on_Youth_in_the_Age_of_Fascist_Politics⠀⇛ One of the most important registers in measuring the democratic health of a society can be found in how it treats its youth. By any current standard, which includes the quality of public schools to laws that protect the health and well-being of young people, the United States is failing miserably. Youth, especially youth of color, are not only viewed as a liability, much of their behavior is also being increasingly criminalized.  When young people are relentlessly and ruthlessly subject to forces that commodify them, criminalize, punish them, and deem them unworthy of receiving a critical and meaningful education, it bodes ill for the nation as a whole.  Of course, this attack on youth is not new. In the 1970s youth were viewed as both predatory and dangerous and in succeeding generations they were increasingly marginalized, terrorized, and written out of the social contract.[1] The United States is one of the few countries in the world that puts children in supermax prisons, tries them as adults, incarcerates them for exceptionally long periods of time, defines them as “super predators,” pepper sprays them for engaging in peaceful protests, and describes them as “teenage time bombs.”[2] More recently, it has been reported that hundreds of Native American children in the United States and even more Indigenous children in Canada in government and reservation schools were not only separated from their families but also abused physically, emotionally, and sexually. Many others died in these genocidal factories and were buried in unmarked graves. The legacy of violence against children of color runs deep in the United States.[3]   Viewed as a long-term investment, they are defined under neoliberalism as both an economic liability and a drain on the resources needed to concentrate wealth in the hands of the ruling classes and financial elite. o ⚓ Hungary ☛ The_town_that_blew_up_its_own_bridge_and_chased_away the_Russians⠀⇛ Voznesensk is a quiet little town near one of South- Eastern Ukraine’s nuclear power plants. Its name became well-known when they became the first to fight off the Russians. We visited the town and met the mayor who thought it best to blow up their own bridge, and spoke with the angry local who – along with his wife – chased away the armed Russian soldiers with his bare hands. (English subtitles available) o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Ideological_Silos_of_Left_and_Right:_Missing_the Point_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ In light of this mélange of considerations how can we hope to achieve a clearer understanding of what is happening, what are the relative risks, and what could yet be done to end the killing to avoid any further massacre of innocents and safeguard humanity from present risks of escalation to a wider war, possibly fought with nuclear weapons? A first step in the right direction is to pronounce that the ideological silos of both extreme left and right slant policy advocacy toward extremism, cause confusion, and to the extent influence is exerted, the effect is confound the search for viable and humane modes of deescalation. Extremist policy vectors are unsatisfactory cognitively, normatively, and prudentially. The extreme left explains the Ukraine Crisis as essentially an outcome of inflated post-Cold War global imperial overreach orchestrated by the U.S., manifesting itself by way of neoliberal globalization in close conjunction with the projection of military dominance on a planetary scale. The extreme right, which enjoys far greater access to elite circles of government and media than the left, explains the Ukraine Crisis as an essentially evil plot by a Russian autocrat to destroy sanctity of the territorial rights of a sovereign state, violating the most basic rule of a state-centric world order, and mounting an unacceptable challenge to the exclusive global responsibilities of the West, led by the U.S., to uphold security throughout the world in accord with democratic values and humanitarian principles. These ideological silos of explanation have different impacts in the West, leaving those on the left frustrated by their political irrelevance, while those on the right are currently riding a high wave of influence almost oblivious to the geopolitical storm clouds of a wider war that unleashes nuclear weapons. So far the gray zone that operates in between these silos of clarity and formally holds governmental power in the United States has given up ground to the rightest pressures, but still has been prudent enough to avoid an outright military confrontation with Russia yet as the clock ticks the risks of wider war rise. o ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russians,_meet_your_new_heroes_The_Kremlin_is_renaming streets_across_the_country_in_honor_of_Donbas_combatants,_hoping_to ‘prime_public_opinion’_for_another_annexation⠀⇛ On May 9, when Russia celebrates the USSR’s victory against Nazi Germany, several regions across the country announced that they were renaming local streets in honor of soldiers and political figures from the self- proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR). For example, the cities of Grozny, Yakutsk, and Omsk dedicated streets to Alexander Zakharchenko, the DNR’s leader until his assassination in August 2018. Other cities announced streets named after Vladimir Zhoga, also known by his nom de guerre “Vokha,” who commanded the Sparta Battalion, a pro-Russian separatist force in Donetsk, until his death in March 2022 in combat with the Ukrainian military. Also on May 9, Zhoga’s father met personally with Russia’s president. Meduza has learned that these dedications and Vladimir Putin’s sit-down with Artem Zhoga are parts of a strategy developed by the Kremlin to “prime public opinion” for Russia’s annexation of the separatist “republics” in Donetsk and Luhansk. o ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘We_comforted_the_kids,_crossed_ourselves,_and_bid_our lives_farewell’:_Three_Azovstal_steel_plant_workers_tell_the_story of_their_escape⠀⇛ The Azovstal steel plant remains the sole point of resistance against the Russian invaders in Mariupol. Though fighting has been ongoing outside of the plant for almost two months, none of the civilians hiding inside were evacuated until April 30. Azovstal workers Ilya and Pavlo (names changed) were some of the first civilians to escape the plant; they’re now safe in Zaporozhye. They spoke to Meduza along with Azovstal HR director Ivan Goltvenko, who left the city on March 9 and has been helping others escape ever since. o ⚓ Meduza ☛ Deadlock_in_the_Donbas_Ukraine_and_Russia_are_facing_the same_two_problems_on_the_eastern_front:_enemy_fire_and_the Siverskyi_Donets_river⠀⇛ In early May, both Russian and Ukrainian troops launched offensives on eastern Ukraine across different parts of the less-than-mighty Siverskyi Donets river (which crosses from Russia into Ukraine before flowing parallel to the Ukrainian-Russian border). Since then, it’s been the same story over and over again: one side’s troops try to cross the river to launch an attack, but enemy artillery thwarts their attempts, destroying whatever bridge they’ve built and their forward guard. Every kilometer gained is paid for in blood, and the key question right now is whether the Russian army will manage to use the advantage it has before Ukrainian forces begin widely applying precision weapons obtained from the West. o ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Ukro-Nazi_enablers’:_Police_officers_and_anonymous bloggers_harass_Russian_volunteers_who_helped_Ukrainian_refugees reach_Estonia⠀⇛ Up until the end of April, a group of volunteers were working in Penza to help Ukrainian refugees get to St. Petersburg and, from there, to Estonia. However, threats from anonymous Telegram channels and direct pressure from unknown parties — graffitied doors, slashed tires — forced the Penza volunteers to shut down their efforts. Journalist Vladimir Sevrinovsky spent several days with the last group of refugees from Mariupol whom the Penza group was able to help get out of Russia.  o ⚓ Meduza ☛ The_collective_Zelensky_Amid_Russia’s_war,_Ukraine’s president_is_more_popular_than_ever._Here’s_how_his_team_rallied_a nation_—_and_the_West.⠀⇛ On the eve of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, President Volodymyr Zelensky’s rating was less than 25 percent. Moscow waging an all-out war turned Zelensky into a national hero — one who now enjoys more than 90 percent support among Ukrainians. For Meduza, journalist Konstantin Skorkin breaks down how Zelensky and his team are running the country, managing Ukraine’s defense, and cultivating the president’s image as a wartime leader. o ⚓ Salon ☛ House_coup_plotters_stand_firm_—_but_DOJ_and_the_Jan._6 committee_are_closing_in⠀⇛ According to the interim report on the Jan. 6 insurrection by the Senate Judiciary Committee, it was Scott Perry — who was involved in strategy meetings at the White House, along with other members of the House Freedom Caucus — who introduced Jeffrey Clark to Trump. He also took it upon himself to call Donohue, the no. 2 official at the Department of Justice, and demand that he investigate debunked election fraud allegations in Pennsylvania, effectively reading him the riot act for not pursuing all these ludicrous claims. (I can’t imagine it’s common for congressmen to harangue leading law enforcement officials and importune them to lie. Maybe under the Trump administration it happened all the time.) o ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ Russia_[cracked]_an_American_satellite company_one_hour_before_the_Ukraine_invasion⠀⇛ The operation resulted in an immediate and significant loss of communication in the earliest days of the war for the Ukrainian military, which relied on Viasat’s services for command and control of the country’s armed forces. o ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ The_Feds_Are_Now_Investigating_Whether_Trump Tampered_With_Classified_Documents⠀⇛ The federal grand jury investigation will reportedly focus on the documents retrieved from Mar-a-Lago. The Times notes that the Justice Department recently issued a subpoena for the material, and that it has requested interviews with people who worked in the White House before Trump left office. It’s unlikely that any charges will be brought, however, as the Justice Department would need evidence that Trump was personally involved in bringing the records to the White House residence and then to Mar-a-Lago, and that he did so knowing that it was in violation of federal law. o ⚓ New York Times ☛ Prosecutors_Pursue_Inquiry_Into_Trump’s_Handling of_Classified_Material⠀⇛ In recent days, the Justice Department has taken a series of steps showing that its investigation has progressed beyond the preliminary stages. Prosecutors issued a subpoena to the National Archives and Records Administration to obtain the boxes of classified documents, according to the two people familiar with the matter, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the ongoing investigation. o ⚓ The Hill ☛ House_Democrats_urge_social_media_platforms_to preserve_potential_evidence_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ Top House Democrats wrote letters to the chief executives of four major social media platforms on Wednesday, urging them to preserve and archive content related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine that could be potential evidence of war crimes. The lawmakers asked Meta, Twitter, YouTube and TikTok to preserve and archive posts related to the conflict “that may provide evidence of war crimes or human rights violations,” establish a mechanism with human rights- specific organizations to share that content and create a way for content depicting a possible war crime to be flagged by the platforms’ users. * § Transparency/Investigative Reporting⠀➾ o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ NYPD_Lawyer_Forged_Emails,_Lied_To_Courts,_Withheld Information_From_Lawsuit_Plaintiffs⠀⇛ The NYPD has long been a stalwart opponent of transparency and accountability. It has spent years trying to rebrand as a national security agency, drafting on former mayor Rudy Giuliani’s unearned reputation as the post-9/11 savior of New York City. o ⚓ uni Stanford ☛ Stanford_law_professor_calls_for_digital_platform transparency_legislation_in_senate_testimony⠀⇛ Recently, Persily has focused his research on social media platforms, which he warned during the hearing have become too central to the sociopolitical system to operate with minimal transparency. “We cannot live in a world where Facebook and Google know everything about us and we know next to nothing about them,” Persily testified before the Senate. “These large platforms have lost their right to secrecy. Their power over the information ecosystem is unrivaled in world history.” In a 2021 Washington Post opinion article, Persily argued that Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen’s use of the platform to uncover documentation detailing executive knowledge of drug cartels and human trafficking rings, as well as details of Instagram exacerbating a societal body acceptance crisis, showed that the U.S. government needed to intervene — particularly because a company like Facebook is too large to suffer market repercussions. o ⚓ NBC ☛ 911_tapes_released_after_12_years_in_case_of_missing_woman that_led_to_finding_10_other_bodies_on_Long_Island⠀⇛ After a dozen years, police on Long Island Friday released 911 audio of a New Jersey woman whose mysterious disappearance in 2010 led authorities to discover 10 other bodies. * § Environment⠀➾ o ⚓ Copenhagen Post ☛ SAS_cancels_thousands_of_flights_this_summer⠀⇛ The airline revealed this week that it has cancelled 4,000 flights from May to August – roughly 5 percent of the airline’s total summer flight schedule. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Ice_Scream⠀⇛ o ⚓ DeSmog ☛ As_California_Considers_Dropping_Fossil_Fuels_from_Major Pension_Funds,_New_Report_Calls_Out_‘Misinformation’_on_Costs⠀⇛ A newly published report by Fossil Free California finds California’s pension fund managers are circulating divestment “misinformation” by exaggerating the costs involved in shedding their fossil fuel investments in documents prepared for state lawmakers. California lawmakers are currently considering Senate Bill 1173 (SB-1173), California’s Fossil Fuel Divestment Act, which would require the California Public Employees’ Retirement System (CalPERS) and the California State Teachers’ Retirement System (CalSTRS), to stop investing in fossil fuels before the decade is out. The move would impact billions of dollars currently invested in oil, gas, or coal on behalf of California’s teachers, firefighters, and other public employees. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_Picturesque_Tour_of_Toxic_Waste_Sites_in Georgia_and_Alabama⠀⇛ April 22 (Earth Day): Jekyll Island and Brunswick, Georgia As we headed north on Highway 41 from Micanopy, Florida, I thought about the first Earth Day. I was a freshman at Forest Hills High School in Queens, and the world seemed, at last, to be calming down. Though assassination, riot and war still darkened my dreams, there appeared to be, as the Vietnam War planners liked to say, “light at the end of the tunnel.” On April 20, 1970, Nixon announced the withdrawal of an additional 150,000 U.S. troops, accelerating “Vietnamization” — the handoff of fighting from American to South Vietnamese troops — and hastening the end of the war. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Climate_Hegemony:_Now_is_the_Time_of_Monsters⠀⇛ Recently, it was the 85th anniversary of Italian Marxist philosopher and politician Antonio Gramsci’s death in fascist Italy. Starting from humble beginnings on Sardinia, Gramsci went from student to communist partisan in the streets of Turin and the Italian parliament. During the 1920’s he quickly became a thorn in the side of Benito Mussolini’s regime. In 1926, Mussolini had Gramsci arrested. At the show trial, the prosecution proclaimed, “For twenty years, we must stop this brain from functioning.” He spent most of the rest of his life in prison. But his time in prison transformed him into one of the most important political theorists of the 20th century. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Slippery_Slope⠀⇛ Snowflakes had been falling two weeks ago, but Wednesday brought blue skies and temperatures in the 80s to Upstate New York. Classes had just ended at Cornell University, and after two years of pandemic restrictions and angst the undergrads were ready for their long-deferred spring bacchanal of booze and music: Slope Day. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Hot_Planet_Made_Deadly_South_African_Floods_Twice as_Likely:_Climate_Scientists⠀⇛ Intense rainfall that led to deadly flooding and landslides in South Africa last month was made twice as likely by the human-caused climate crisis, a team of scientists revealed Friday, pointing to the findings as proof of the need to swiftly and significantly curb planet-heating emissions. “If we do not reduce emissions and keep global temperatures below 1.5°C, many extreme weather events will become increasingly destructive.” o § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Why_Are_Americans_Subsidizing_Our Own_Extinction?⠀⇛ Each American—man, woman and child—paid around $2000 last year to subsidize the fossil fuel industry, according to an analysis this year by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). # ⚓ The Verge ☛ Major_exchanges_delist_Terra_stablecoin_as price_collapse_continues⠀⇛ As the Terra crisis draws on, some of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world have begun to delist Terra’s UST stablecoin and its linked Luna token, citing a need to protect users from risk. # ⚓ ABC ☛ Emirates_Air_lost_$1_billion,_but_that’s_an_80% improvement⠀⇛ One of the world’s biggest airlines and the Mideast’s top carrier, Emirates Air, said Friday it lost $1.1 billion over the past fiscal year, but that figure still marks an 80% improvement from the year before. The airline said revenue was up 91%, reaching $16.1 billion. # ⚓ NPR ☛ California_just_ran_on_100%_renewable_energy,_but fossil_fuels_aren’t_fading_away_yet⠀⇛ Springtime is an ideal time of year for renewable energy in California. The days are getting longer, so solar energy is on the rise. Wind power and hydropower from dams is humming along and mild temperatures mean air conditioners aren’t turned up, so electricity demand is still relatively low. For about an hour on April 30th, grid operators at the California Independent System Operator (ISO), which serves about 80% of the state, had enough electricity from solar, wind, geothermal and small hydropower dams to meet all of the demand in their area More power was being generated than was needed at that moment, so some was exported to other Western states. “That’s quite an accomplishment because it demonstrates if you can do it for one instantaneous hour, you can do it for longer periods of time,” says Mark Rothleder, senior vice president at the California ISO. # ⚓ BBC ☛ Russian_operator_to_suspend_electricity_supply_to Finland⠀⇛ Neither Rao Nordic nor the grid operator in Finland, Fingrid, explained what was behind the payment difficulties. o § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Making_Hay:_National_Park_Service_Drains “Critical_Habitat”_From_Bull_Trout_River⠀⇛ Hundreds of millions of dollars have already been spent trying to restore life to this embattled river by removing toxic tailings from its banks. It is absolutely necessary to ensure the river contains enough water to support the aquatic ecosystem, dilute what heavy metals still leach into it, and provide the clean, cold, and connected river system that bull trout require to exist. Yet every year a massive amount of the Upper Clark Fork’s scarce water is diverted into the West Side irrigation ditch to grow hay to feed cattle and horses on the Grant-Kohrs ranch, which is owned and operated by the National Park Service as a historic site and “cultural display” of a working ranch from the late 19th century. In most years, the West Side Ditch takes 50% or more of the entire flow of the Upper Clark Fork in mid-to-late summer. In drought years, which are ever more frequent in the West, the diversion takes upwards of 90% of the river’s flow. # ⚓ The Revelator ☛ Biodiversity_Solutions_Also_Fight_Climate Change⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Art_of_Building_a_Human-Hawk Relationship⠀⇛ All birds’ eyes are huge in proportion to their bodies. A human being’s eyes take up only 2 percent of the face; a European starling’s account for 15. A great horned owl’s eyes are so enormous relative to its head that if human eyes were comparable, they would be the size of oranges. Birds’ eyes are so important to them that, like various reptiles, sharks, and amphibians, they have a transparent or translucent third eyelid, the nictitating membrane, to protect and moisten the eyes while retaining visibility. Vision literally sculpts birds’ every movement: one reason birds seem to move in such a jerky manner, as cassowary expert Andy Mack explained to me, is that the bird is actually keeping its head remarkably still, thanks to an extremely supple neck, while the rest of its body is in motion, in order to allow it to focus on what it sees in exceptional detail. In birds of prey, the eyes weigh more than the brain. The two eyes are twice as large as the brain itself. They need to be huge. They are packed with receptors, some types of which humans don’t have at all. Raptors have not merely two (as we do) but six types of photoreceptors in each eye. Because of this, birds are thought to be able to experience colors that humans cannot even describe. Their retinas, unlike ours, contain few blood vessels. Instead, a thin, folded tissue called pecten, unique to birds, brings blood and nutrients to the eye without casting shadows or scattering light in the eye as blood vessels do. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ New_York_Court_of_Appeals_to_Consider Animal_Personhood_as_COVID-19_Cases_Rise⠀⇛ As it happens, Wuhan’s caged pangolins are conceptually related to a Big Apple pachyderm, since the legal battle centered on Happy, a 52- year-old elephant in the Bronx Zoo, points in the direction of such structural transformation. Though her case has received significant media attention, it has not yet been placed it in the context of the incarceration of “food” animals that led to COVID- 19 and Roy’s persuasive admonition that “Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past.” The Nonhuman Rights Project has been advocating on behalf of Happy since 2019. On February 18, 2020, they argued before the Bronx Supreme Court that she is a person, not a thing, invoking the writ of habeas corpus to achieve her release to a sanctuary. Happy’s bio belies her name: following capture in Thailand along with six other calves, an event that almost certainly entailed killing her mother and other herd adults who would have fought to protect her, she has spent nearly her entire life either in a one-acre enclosure with an indoor holding area, or a barren, cemented, walled outdoor elephant yard, miniscule fragments of the natural home range for Asian elephants that can reach up to 600 square kilometers. Whereas elephants normally live in complex societies, forming strong, lifelong social bonds, Happy has lived in isolation since 2006. She spends much of her time standing in place, swinging her trunk and raising and lowering her feet, standard examples of “zoochosis,” defined by ethologist Marc Bekoff as the “repetitive, functionless behavior caused by the frustration of living in a highly unnatural and impoverished environment,” itself akin to “psychological torture.” While Bronx Supreme Court Justice Alice Truitt did not accede to the NhRP’s plea, she declared that she was sympathetic with their mission on Happy’s behalf and referenced New York Court of Appeals Judge Eugene Fahey’s 2018 statements that “the issue whether a nonhuman animal has a fundamental right to liberty protected by the writ of habeas corpus is profound and far- reaching” and that “Ultimately, we will not be able to ignore it.” Happy’s attorneys will appeal Tuitt’s decision on May 18, 2022, marking the first time that the highest court of any U.S. jurisdiction will hear a habeas corpus case brought on behalf of someone other than a human being. o § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Enduring_Land_Question⠀⇛ That disconnect has defined the modern age, and while it remains with us, it has been notoriously difficult to quantify its social, economic, and environmental impacts. In particular, the causal relationship between land monopoly and present-day environmental conditions has not been sufficiently studied. Exploring this relationship reveals that a comprehensive critique of land monopoly entails a program for the more responsible and sustainable use of land and natural resources.[1] In order to make those who use the land accountable, planning strategically for the long term and internalizing their costs to the extent possible, it must be owned by small groups of people who live on it. When decisions are made by large, distant corporate bodies that are not answerable in any robust way to local communities, we cannot be surprised to find them depleting and draining the life from the land. The ability of the land to sustain life begins with the soil, which, when it is strong and healthy, is a world of irreducible beauty and complexity. This world is full of life forms and the relationships between them, from bacteria and fungi, to plants and animals, both living and dead, of various sizes and scales. Soil is a living thing—an infinitely complex network of them, more precisely—and human civilization has been phenomenally good at killing it, at making dead, dry deserts of dynamic living networks. As observed from space, we might regard humans as a desert-making species. * § Finance⠀➾ o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_No_Half_Measures—Biden_Needs_to_Cancel All_Student_Loan_Debt⠀⇛ On September 1, 2021, Hurricane Ida hit Southeast Louisiana, temporarily displacing thousands of New Orleans residents, including myself and most of my family. Residents who had the means evacuated early, leaving others to fight for limited resources while simultaneously seeking refuge in neighboring cities. On top of their pre-existing bills, evacuees were forced to front the costs of hotels, food, gas and repairs or even replacement of their own homes. Natural disasters produce an overwhelming amount of stress and anxiety—you simply don’t know if you will have a house to live in until you are able to return home.  o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Don’t_Boycott_Amazon⠀⇛ After years of dominating American capitalism by grinding workers into the dust, Amazon is on a hot losing streak, and it’s absolutely invigorating to watch. If the Amazon Labor Union had only organized workers in a blowout vote on Staten Island, it would’ve been enough. And if Amazon had only spent $4.3 million fighting them just to fail, it would’ve been enough. But, dayenu! A judge also just threw out the company’s motion to dismiss a case of race- and gender-based discrimination filed by a corporate worker, too! o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Reprehensible’:_Biden_Slammed_for_Urging_States to_Spend_Untapped_Covid_Funds_on_Cops⠀⇛ News that President Joe Biden is planning to urge states and cities to use unspent money from last year’s $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief package to further increase police funding elicited furious responses on social media Friday. “Incredibly bleak and symptomatic. Money allocated to care for humans will be used to cage and kill them instead.” o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Green_Groups_Push_DeJoy_to_Hand_Over_Secret Documents_From_Polluting_Truck_Deal⠀⇛ A pair of green groups on Thursday appealed the U.S. Postal Service’s rejection of a Freedom of Information Act request seeking to uncover details about the mail agency’s contract to purchase more than 160,000 new delivery trucks, 90% of which are expected to be gas- powered. “As the USPS forges ahead with its ill-conceived and controversial decision to pollute communities across the nation instead of electrifying their delivery trucks, we demand to see the details surrounding the agency’s decision,” said Elena Saxonhouse, managing attorney with the Sierra Club, which joined Elders Climate Action in filing the administrative appeal. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Limits_to_Growth: Where_We_Stand_Today⠀⇛ Fifty years ago this spring the Club published a book called The Limits to Growth, based on a study using complex computer models by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology led by Donnella Meadows and her husband Dennis, with a couple of MIT graduate students. It used advanced computers to chart out different scenarios, including one in which nothing is done and we continue heedless growth. Its conclusion was stark and simple: The book was a worldwide best-seller, but its conclusions were widely challenged and, in centers of political and economic power, mostly ignored.  Growth is, after all, the lifeblood and raison d’etre of capitalism and the idea that there should be limits to it was so repugnant as to be essentially incomprehensible. A lot of people are making a lot of money, and a very few a very lot, so what would be the point in imagining that there would ever be an end to it? o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Activists_Have_Gathered_Enough_Signatures_to_Put_$18 Wage_on_California_Ballot⠀⇛ o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Great_Disorder_and_Extravagant_Lies⠀⇛ For an agenda of compassion that gives hope in the possibilities of a world not rooted in private profit, Vijay Prashad turns to the public-health program of Kerala, India. o ⚓ Unemployment_Agency_Hassle⠀⇛ In Sweden there’s a sort of unemployment fund you can opt in to paying to if you’re in a labour union. If and when you lose your employment you will be entitled to payouts from this fund in lieu of a salary. The payout is a percentage of what your salary was. If you’re not in a union you may still be entitled to (much lower, standardised) payouts from a government fund. I don’t actually remember if you have to invest in that before hand. As people whom I communicate often with know I lost my employment early April. I was given a very generous severance and will not suffer economically for quite some time. I certainly don’t need any payouts from any of those funds even if I’m eligible, which I haven’t really checked. I’ve not been in a union for a couple of years though. * § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ o ⚓ The Nation ☛ So_You_Want_to_Reduce_Crime?⠀⇛ Republicans are trying to terrify the public with stories of rising crime, sending Democrats scrambling to prove that they’re tough on the issue. In President Joe Biden’s State of the Union address, he promised to do something about people killed by guns. The solution, he said, is not to defund the police—a rallying cry from the racial justice protests of summer 2020 calling to move resources from police departments to other social investments. “The answer is to fund the police,” he declared. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Bought_and_Paid_for_by_You!’:_Fetterman Celebrates_200K_Individual_Donors_in_PA_Primary⠀⇛ Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. John Fetterman has surpassed 200,000 individual donors since he launched his bid for the key battleground state’s open U.S. Senate seat, his campaign announced Friday. “Our campaign will always be funded the right way. No dirty money. No corporate PACs.” o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Going_Beyond_Inclusion_in_Independent_Media⠀⇛ The Nation’s editor in chief D.D. Guttenplan and senior editor Lizzy Ratner sat with journalists Laura Flanders, Sara Lomax-Reese, and S. Mitra Kalita as part of the magazine’s Conversations series to speak about the critical importance, and challenges, of independent media. The cofounders of URL media, Lomax-Reese is the CEO of WURD Radio, one of the few remaining Black-owned talk radio stations in the nation, and Kalita is a veteran journalist and author, most recently senior vice president at CNN Digital. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Summer_Lee_Is_Exactly_What_a_Democrat_Should_Be⠀⇛ Summer Lee, a Democratic legislator with a track record of winning tough elections and backing fellow Democrats in critical races, faces a supremely cynical assault as she seeks her party’s nomination for an open US House seat in Tuesday’s Pennsylvania primary. A multimillion- dollar media campaign against Lee, paid for by donors that frequently back Republicans, is smearing the 34- year-old state representative as a threat to the Democratic Party who doesn’t merit a place on its ballot line. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ A_Look_Back_at Bigger_Than_Bernie:_Can_the Democratic_Party_Be_Reformed_From_Within?⠀⇛ * * * The progressive movement  laid all its eggs in one basket, the Democratic Party, rather than looking to create any alternative means of translating ideas into action. Or rather, not the progressive movement but a small band of self-proclaimed “socialists,” often young and urban and hip, many of them offspring of the Occupy movement, who found a convenient sheltering place in Bernie Sanders’s latest campaign, which they succeeded in reshaping toward their own ideological ends, utilizing forms of flattery and hero-worship the wily old campaigner from Vermont should have been more wary of. Anyway, the inevitable denouement—i.e., the crashing and burning of Sanders’s second Quixotic charge—has already transpired, the encouragement of the Sanders faithful to get in line behind the neoliberal candidate of the moment is in full flourish, and the question that begs to be answered, in the wake of the catastrophe, is this: Can the Democratic Party be reformed? Can it serve as an agency for “socialist” (read progressive) policy changes? Should activists and thought leaders spend time and energy working to reinvent the party, or should they look for new outlets? o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ $40_Billion_War_Fever_Grips_Congress_as_U.S. Escalates_Ukraine_War⠀⇛ Previously antiwar Democrats like Reps. Ayanna Pressley, Jim McGovern, Barbara Lee, and Pramila Jayapal, who should know better, have uncritically embraced the Administration’s escalating war against Russia to the tune of $40 billion. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine must be condemned. But the Administration has been telegraphing for weeks that its war aims now go well beyond defending Ukraine. President Biden said that President Putin cannot remain in power. Secretary of Defense Austin said the U.S. seeks to weaken Russia. And Speaker Nancy Pelosi said that we are fighting until “victory”. o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Sanders_Slams_AIPAC_and_Billionaires_for_Spending Millions_Against_Progressives⠀⇛ o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Rallying_for_Summer_Lee,_Sanders_Rips_AIPAC_for Trying_to_‘Buy_Elections’⠀⇛ During a rally in support of U.S. House candidate Summer Lee on Thursday, Sen. Bernie Sanders called out super PACs bankrolled by the American Israel Public Affairs Committee and billionaire donors for spending big to crush progressives in Pennsylvania and elsewhere across the country, efforts that the Vermont senator decried as “pathetic” and corrosive to democracy. “If they are successful, they will carry this into November,” Sanders warned at the event in Pittsburgh, which was held days before the May 17 Democratic primary in Pennsylvania’s 12th Congressional District. “They have billions of dollars at their disposal.” o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Jan._6_Committee_Subpoenas_5_GOP_Members_of_Congress_— Including_Kevin_McCarthy⠀⇛ o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ “Pro-Life”_Republicans_Complain_Biden_Isn’t_Starving Babies_at_the_Border⠀⇛ o ⚓ TruthOut ☛ How_Did_Biden_Not_Notice_the_Far_Right_Lurch_of_the Republican_Party_Until_Now?⠀⇛ o ⚓ Hungary ☛ The_Hungarian_government’s_objections_could_delay_EU sanctions_on_Russian_oil⠀⇛ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Roaming_Charges:_Caught_in_a_Classic_Trap⠀⇛ + According to the Washington Post, Republicans are getting more and more confident that the overturning of Roe v. Wade will not seriously harm their chances of regaining House and Senate majorities come November. This seems to me  like a pretty solid bet for the GOP. How stupid do you have to be to vote for the same people who said they’d defend abortion rights and didn’t, expecting them to reinstate the very rights that were lost on their watch. + There have been 11 murders of abortion clinic workers since 1990 and 41 bombings and 173 arsons at abortion clinics since 1977. o ⚓ FAIR ☛ Julie_Hollar_on_Roe_Reversal,_Tesnim_Zekeria_on_Baby Formula_Shortage⠀⇛ o ⚓ The Verge ☛ A_court_just_blew_up_internet_law_because_it_thinks YouTube_isn’t_a_website⠀⇛ But the hearing went fully off the rails when Judge Jones began discussing Section 230, the law that shields people who use and operate “interactive computer services” from lawsuits involving third-party content. Courts have applied the term “interactive computer service” to all kinds of things, including old-school web forums, email listservs, and even gossip sites. But as NetChoice’s attorney was arguing that websites should receive First Amendment protections, Judge Jones seemed baffled by the terminology. “It’s not a website. Your clients are internet providers. They are not websites,” Jones asserted of websites including Facebook, YouTube, and Google. “They are defined in the law as interactive computer services.” To mangle the term a little further, she asked if the sites were “interactive service providers” that she defined as fundamentally different from media websites like Axios and Breitbart. (Newspaper and blog comment sections have been repeatedly defined as interactive computer services, too.) The idea that YouTube is an “internet provider” and not a “website” is nonsense in a literal sense since it’s demonstrably a website that you must access via a separate internet service provider. (Try it from home!) It’s unclear whether Jones was confusing “interactive computer services” with ISPs. But the real problem isn’t a judge that doesn’t understand technology. It’s that she apparently thinks relying on Section 230 strips website operators of First Amendment rights. Around the weird waffling over “internet providers,” Jones laid out a line of thinking that seemingly boils down to this: [...] o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Boiling_Elon_Musk_–_Jumping_Out_Of_The_Pot_Of_Platform Law?⠀⇛ The boiling frog syndrome suggests that if a frog jumps into a pot of boiling water, it immediately jumps out — but if a frog jumps into a slowly heating pot, it senses no danger and gets cooked. Mark Zuckerberg’s Facebook has been gradually coming to a boil of dysfunction for a decade – some are horrified, but many fail to see any serious problem. Now Elon Musk has jumped into a Twitter that he may quickly bring to a boil. Many expect either him – or hordes of non-extremist Twitter users – to jump out. o ⚓ Deadline ☛ Elon_Musk_Says_“Committed”_To_Twitter_Deal_Just_After He_Announced_It_Was_“On_Hold”_–_Update⠀⇛ Elon Musk now says he’s “still committed to acquisition” of Twitter, hours after he tweeted that the $44 billion deal is “temporarily on hold,” sending Twitter stock into a tailspin and contributing to the circus-show quality of this deal. o ⚓ India Times ☛ Musk_puts_on_hold_$44-billion_deal_for_Twitter, shares_slump⠀⇛ Elon Musk on Friday put his $44-billion deal for Twitter Inc temporarily on hold, citing pending details in support of calculation that spam and fake accounts indeed represent less than 5% of users. o ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Elon_Musk:_“Twitter_Deal_Temporarily_on Hold”⠀⇛ “Twitter deal temporarily on hold pending details supporting calculation that spam/fake accounts do indeed represent less than 5% of users,” he said, providing a link to an early May Reuters article citing a Twitter regulatory filing. In that filing, the company estimated how many of its “monetizable daily active users” were false or spam accounts, the report noted. o § Misinformation/Disinformation⠀➾ # ⚓ FAIR ☛ Media_Ignore_Criticism_of_DHS’s_New_‘Disinformation’ Board—Unless_it’s_from_the_Right⠀⇛ Testifying in front of a House committee, Department of Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas recently announced DHS’s formation of a “Disinformation Governance Board.” The board’s stated mission would be to address “disinformation spread by foreign states such as Russia, China and Iran,” as well as “transnational criminal organizations and human-smuggling organizations.” # ⚓ Rolling Stone ☛ Marjorie_Taylor_Greene’s_Latest_Conspiracy Theory_Is_That_the_Left_Is_Torching_Food_Facilities⠀⇛ There’s no “Jewish space laser,” but conspiracy theorists are circling around the idea that Democrats are trying to cause a food shortage by setting fire to processing plants # ⚓ NBC ☛ YouTube_creators_are_pivoting_their_videos_to_Depp_v. Heard_content_and_raking_in_millions_of_views⠀⇛ Jacob, who spoke on the condition that his last name be withheld for privacy reasons, said he noticed that the video had millions of views but that the channel it came from had “barely any subscribers.” Jacob’s own videos were getting only a few hundred views at the time, so he decided to try to make a video about the celebrity defamation case, instead. Within a week, Jacob’s new content — often short compilations of clips from the trial set to royalty-free music — had over 10 million views. # ⚓ NBC ☛ What_the_memes_about_the_Johnny_Depp-Amber_Heard trial_reveal⠀⇛ We don’t know the truth in this situation. Both sides have made upsetting accusations. The problem is the reflexive assumption that Depp is being wronged, along with the gleeful way social media is harassing the woman who accused him of violence. Social media users even harassed a clinical psychologist testifying on behalf of Heard, filling her professional Google profile with one-star reviews calling her a “liar” and “evil.” It’s disheartening and sickening to see the meme- ification and commodification. Domestic violence is not funny. It shouldn’t spur popularity contests. It shouldn’t create an industry in which people are vending merchandise on Etsy, in which Rolling Stone reports that sellers are making items such as pins, T-shirts and coffee mugs featuring the phrase “Justice For Johnny.” It shouldn’t be a spectacle in which a woman shows up bringing two emotional support alpacas to the courthouse to cheer Depp up. It shouldn’t prompt writers to publish articles with lines like “The Johnny Depp and Amber Heard trial is the entertainment we didn’t know we needed in 2022.” And then there are the memes. So many memes. * § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ 21_Fallacies_Feeding_‘Cancel_Culture’_and_Holding Back_the_Contemporary_U.S._Left⠀⇛ Perhaps cancel culture is mostly mirage: the social media shadow of American celebrity obsession, distracting us from the overall healthy left culture on the ground? Maybe left-wing cancel culture is real, but marginal. Just a crazy niche of fringe folks—better to ignore? o ⚓ Frontpage Magazine ☛ Turkey:_Freedom_of_Religion_Only_for_Islam⠀⇛ A 2022 report by the Norwegian Helsinki Committee’s Freedom of Belief Initiative, entitled “An Appeal to Move Forward from Aspirations to Actions: Monitoring Report on the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Turkey,” reveals Turkey’s decades-long abuses against non-Muslim communities across the country. The Committee lists some of the violations of the rights of non-Muslims: [...] o ⚓ [Old] BBC ☛ Turkey_guilty_verdict_for_depicting_Erdogan_as Gollum⠀⇛ Article 299 of the Turkish penal code states that anybody who insults Turkey’s president can face a prison term of up to four years. However, Cetin said he would appeal because Mr Erdogan was not president at the time the pictures were published, Turkish media report. o ⚓ [Old] Verfassungsblog ☛ The_Curious_Case_of_Article_299_of_the Turkish_Penal_Code:_Insulting_the_Turkish_President⠀⇛ What is striking at first glance is that the crime of insulting an ordinary person is punishable by imprisonment from 3 months to 2 years according to Article 125 of the Penal Code, whereas if the same crime is committed against the President the imprisonment is from 1 year to 4 years. This appears to be unconstitutional prima facie: Article 90 of the Turkish Constitution explicitly states that international treaties to which Turkey is a party have the force of law. What is more, according to the same Article 90 of the Constitution, in the event of conflict between treaties relating to fundamental rights & freedoms and ordinary Turkish laws, the former prevail over the latter. Thus it is clear that the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) prevails over Turkish law, in the event of conflict. The fact that the Turkish Penal Code provides for more protection for state officials, namely the Turkish President, than it does to ordinary citizens, against the crime of insulting is plainly contradictory to the ECHR as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). * § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Mexican_Journalists_Protest_“Staggering”_Toll_of Journalists_Murdered_with_Impunity;_11_Slain_in_2022⠀⇛ Three journalists were killed within a three-day span this week in Mexico, bringing the toll to 11 so far this year and making Mexico the deadliest country in the world for journalists, behind Ukraine. Most of the murders have gone unsolved. This week journalists across Mexico took to the streets protesting the murder of their colleagues and called for accountability. “A crime against a reporter is a crime against the entire country,” says Jan-Albert Hootsen, Mexico correspondent at the Committee to Protect Journalists, who calls the numbers staggering and unprecedented. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Beloved_Palestinian-American_Journalist Shireen_Abu_Akleh_Killed_in_Israeli_Raid⠀⇛ On Wednesday, Palestinian-American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh was reporting for Al Jazeera on Palestinians living under Israeli occupation, as she had for over 25 years. On that morning, she was covering an Israeli army assault on the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank. Shireen and another reporter were against a stone wall, wearing blue helmets and blue flak jackets clearly emblazoned with the word “PRESS.” Shireen was killed by a single shot to the head. A videographer immediately turned a camera towards Shireen’s body, slumped forward on the ground. Witnesses said she was killed by Israeli fire, likely a sniper who specifically targeted the space between her protective vest and helmet. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_How_the_US_Will_Ignore_Israel’s_War Crime_of_Killing_Shireen_Abu_Akleh⠀⇛ On Thursday, I appeared on Al Jazeera English to talk about the killing of the network’s iconic correspondent Shireen Abu Akleh. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Horrific’:_Israeli_Forces_Attack_Mourners Carrying_Casket_of_Shireen_Abu_Akleh⠀⇛ Israeli soldiers on Friday brutally beat Palestinian mourners carrying the coffin of longtime Al Jazeera journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was killed earlier this week while covering an Israeli military raid on a refugee camp in the occupied West Bank. London-based artist Khadijah Said shared Al Jazeera’s footage of the assault by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), describing it as “one of the most horrifying things I’ve seen.” o ⚓ ABC ☛ UN_condemns_killing_of_Palestinian-American_journalist⠀⇛ A press statement was approved by the 15 council members after language was removed emphasizing the importance of media freedom and the need for journalists working in dangerous areas to be protected at the insistence of China and Russia, diplomats said, speaking on condition of anonymity because discussions were private. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Palestinians_are_always_the_target⠀⇛ As soon as the Israeli state apparatus started to speak about the event, everyone sensible was able to conclude there were lies being told. The fellow Palestinian journalists with Shireen, who are corroborating eyewitnesses, one of whom was also shot, Producer Ali Al- Samoudi, clearly explained what had happened to them. They had been targeted by clearly visible Israeli soldiers, who identified themselves, to which the Palestinian journalists identified themselves back, and the Israeli soldiers continued to shoot at them anyway, shot Shireen in the head and then at anyone who came to her aide. There is tragic and upsetting video footage of this from just after Shireen is shot dead. Shatha Hanaysha is the fellow Palestinian journalist pinned down by the gunfire in the video, as her friend, mentor and colleague lay maimed next to her. B’Tselem, and Bellingcat, have already concluded in the preliminary that Palestinian gunfire directed against the Israeli security forces raid in Jenin, as initially claimed by the Israeli government as the cause of Shireen’s death, did not have line of sight on Shireen and her team and was very unlikely to have been the cause of her death. Was she targeted because she was a journalist? Without doubt. Dozens of Palestinian journalists have been killed by Israeli security forces since 2000. It is policy. Was Shireen targeted because she was a Palestinian? Always. Thousands of Palestinians, children, women, men, the elderly and infirm have been killed and murdered by Israeli security forces in the same time period. It. Is. The. Policy. Of. An. Apartheid. State. * § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_Climate_Activists_Slam_UK_Government’s Latest_Attempt_to_Silence_Them⠀⇛ New laws designed to crack down on protesters will not deter environmental activists from taking action, campaign groups have warned the UK government. o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Nick_Estes:_Leonard_Peltier’s_Continued Imprisonment_Is_an_“Open_Wound_for_Indian_Country”⠀⇛ Calls are growing for President Biden to grant clemency to Leonard Peltier, the 77-year-old imprisoned Native American activist who has spent 46 years behind bars for a crime he says he did not commit. Amnesty International considers Peltier a political prisoner, and numerous legal observers say his 1977 conviction for alleged involvement in killing two FBI agents in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Reservation was riddled with irregularities and prosecutorial misconduct. “At this point, there’s no reason other than vindictive revenge for him to be in prison,” says writer and activist Nick Estes, co-founder of the Indigenous resistance group The Red Nation. “He survived COVID, he’s in poor health, and the man deserves to be with his people,” says Estes, who calls for a full congressional investigation into the deaths of Indigenous activists on Pine Ridge Reservation, where the shootout that led to Peltier’s arrest occurred. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ California’s_Undocumented_Children_Are_Going Hungry⠀⇛ o ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Nick_Estes:_Indian_Boarding_Schools_Were_Part_of “Horrific_Genocidal_Process”_Carried_Out_by_the_U.S.⠀⇛ The Interior Department has documented the deaths of more than 500 Indigenous children at Indian boarding schools run or supported by the federal government in the United States which operated from 1819 to 1969. The actual death toll is believed to be far higher, and the report located 53 burial sites at former schools. The report was ordered by the first Indigenous cabinet member, Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, whose grandparents were forced to attend boarding school at the age of 8. “It’s kind of a misnomer to actually call these educational institutions or schools themselves when you didn’t have very many people graduating, let alone surviving the dire conditions of those schools,” says Nick Estes, historian and co-founder of The Red Nation. Estes says the institutions were part of a “genocidal process” of “dispossession and theft of Indigenous people’s lands and resources.” o ⚓ EFF ☛ Geofence_Warrants_and_Reverse_Keyword_Warrants_are_So Invasive,_Even_Big_Tech_Wants_to_Ban_Them⠀⇛ Under the Fourth Amendment, if police can demonstrate probable cause that searching a particular person or place will reveal evidence of a crime, they can obtain a warrant from a court authorizing a limited search for this evidence. In cases involving digital evidence stored with a tech company, this typically involves sending the warrant to the company and demanding they  turn over the suspect’s digital data. Geofence and reverse keyword warrants completely circumvent the limits set by the Fourth Amendment. If police are investigating a crime–anything from vandalism to arson–they instead submit requests that do not identify a single suspect or particular user account. Instead, with geofence warrants, they draw a box on a map, and compel the company to identify every digital device within that drawn boundary during a given time period. Similarly, with a “keyword” warrant, police compel the company to hand over the identities of anyone who may have searched for a specific term, such as a victim’s name or a particular address where a crime has occurred. These reverse warrants have serious implications for civil liberties. Their increasingly common use means that anyone whose commute takes them goes by the scene of a crime might suddenly become vulnerable to suspicion, surveillance, and harassment by police. It means that an idle Google search for an address that corresponds to the scene of a robbery could make you a suspect. It also means that with one document, companies would be compelled to turn over identifying information on every phone that appeared in the vicinity of a protest, as happened in Kenosha, Wisconsin during a protest against police violence. And, as EFF has argued in amicus briefs, it violates the Fourth Amendment because it results in an overbroad fishing-expedition against unspecified targets, the majority of whom have no connection to any crime. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ “Privacy”:_Some_Animals_Are_More_Equal_Than Others⠀⇛ While sponsor John Cornyn (R-TX) justified the action on alleged “threats to the physical safety of Supreme Court Justices and their families,” the real reason for the bill is no secret. In the wake of a leaked draft opinion that would overturn Roe v. Wade, ordinary Americans started showing up to protest outside the justices’ homes, cueing immediate howls about the sanctity of their “privacy.” Wait, what? o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ American_Politics_and_the_Lost_Art_of Toleration⠀⇛ There is something troubling about this statement. It exemplifies the demise of the art of toleration that once was a hallmark of a liberal society. And in large part that is what is wrong with the Dobbs majority opinion and efforts by others to ban abortion or restrict the personal freedoms or ideas of others. It is also a symbol of the larger problem with the conservative and religious right in America. The United States is supposed to be a liberal society.  A liberal society is indebted to political ideas and values that trace back to the seventeenth century British political philosopher John Locke as well as Thomas Jefferson, and the Founding Fathers who signed the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.  It is a secular view of society where the government must respect individual moral choices, opting to be neutral regarding how its citizens define their vision of a good life for themselves.  It is also a tradition committed to the idea of toleration—the idea that I cannot impose my personal moral choices on to others and that I must allow ideas and choices to be made by others, even if I detest them. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ An_Artist_Not_in_Uniform:_How_Walter_Richter Defied_Nazi_Homophobia⠀⇛ These thoughts went through my mind as I was trying to come to terms with a recent visit to Sachsenhausen, a concentration camp north of Berlin, where—apart from Jews, political prisoners, Soviet prisoners of war—the Nazis also held hundreds of gay men, the 175ers, as they were called, since they were arrested under paragraph 175 of the German criminal code. Recognizable by their pink triangles, they were the victims to regular bullying by the guards and sometimes also by fellow inmates. Hundreds of them died, some of them as the result of medical experiments, in which they were injected with hormones or castrated. Between 5,000 and 15,000 homosexuals,mostly forgotten today, died in Nazi camps. I had traveled to Berlin during spring break, in the grim shadow of the coronavirus, with a group of undergraduates from Indiana University, where I teach. To get to Sachsenhausen, you take the S-Bahn from Berlin to Oranienburg, a flat, mostly charmless German city that saw heavy bombing during the war. The camp, or the small portion that’s left, is a short walk away. For the last few minutes, before you get to the visitors center, you’ll pass by a tidy array of brick houses once built for the SS guards and their families, laid out neatly as if on a Lego baseplate. Whatever nightmares they may have once contained are now permanently held at bay by grinning garden gnomes and cheerful signs announcing that “here live the Müllers.” In 1992, the visionary American architect Daniel Libeskind proposed flooding a vast swath of the campsite, creating a “sunken architectural zone” to be viewed from a network of dikes and, on a remaining piece of land, a building that would accommodate a library, a chapel, mental health clinics, and other public services (but no residential spaces). His proposal went nowhere. o ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Illinois_Will_Stop_Helping_Cities_Collect_Some School_Ticket_Debt_From_Students⠀⇛ Illinois’ top financial official has banned local governments from using a state program to collect debt from students who have been ticketed for truancy, eliminating a burden for families struggling to pay steep fines. A number of school districts around the state, meanwhile, have begun to scale back and reevaluate when to involve law enforcement in student discipline, among them a suburban Chicago high school where Black students have been disproportionately ticketed. That school, Bloom Trail High School in Steger, said Thursday that it will stop asking police to ticket students and move to other methods of discipline. o ⚓ BBC ☛ Kenyan_fighting_FGM_crowned_world’s_best_nurse⠀⇛ Ms Qabale says she was the only university-educated girl from Torbi village, and the only girl educated past primary school level in her family of 19 children. The 31-year-old now holds a Masters in Epidemiology and has set up a foundation aimed at empowering young girls and mothers. o ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ I_Invented_Gilead._The_Supreme_Court_Is_Making_It Real.⠀⇛ Although I eventually completed this novel and called it The Handmaid’s Tale, I stopped writing it several times, because I considered it too far-fetched. Silly me. Theocratic dictatorships do not lie only in the distant past: There are a number of them on the planet today. What is to prevent the United States from becoming one of them? o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Nationwide_‘Bans_Off_Our_Bodies’_Rallies_Planned for_Saturday⠀⇛ People across the United States are planning to take to the streets on Saturday, May 14 to protest right-wing attacks on abortion rights, including the looming reversal of Roe v. Wade. Pro-choice groups—including Planned Parenthood organizations, Liberate Abortion, MoveOn, Service Employees International Union, UltraViolet, and Women’s March—are putting together marches, rallies, and other events for the “Bans Off Our Bodies” day of action. o ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Billie_Eilish,_Ariana_Grande,_and_More_Vow_Young People_‘Will_Not_Back_Down’_on_Abortion_Rights⠀⇛ Ahead of nationwide pro-choice rallies planned for the weekend, Grammy-winning pop stars Billie Eilish and Ariana Grande were among more than 160 artists, actors, and other famous figures who declared in a full-page New York Times advertisement on Friday that young people intend to fight for abortion rights. “Our power to plan our own futures and control our own bodies depends on our ability to access sexual and reproductive healthcare, including abortion.” o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_GOP’s_“Pro-Life”_Victory_Will_Mean_More_Dead Mothers⠀⇛ Some Republican abortion foes have called for a federal law along the same lines, criminalizing abortions nationally as homicide. Most of the new wave of anti-abortion statutes include no exceptions for incest or rape. A 14-year-old girl who does not want to give birth to her father’s child could be imprisoned for 10 or 15 years. So could a mother who refuses to add a rapist’s child to her family. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Overthrowing_Manufactured_Inevitability,_or,_No Safe_Way_to_Be_Safe⠀⇛ Many of us can hear her message only as, “Oh, Rev. Warren is right – the good and right and healthy thing for me to do is to slow down, smell the lilacs, hike in the Adirondacks or walk in the city park, dig in the soil, go out and join with people in church or social cause, etc.” But then, when doing the good thing provides no permanent relief from anxiety, we will blame ourselves or something else and return to the substitute sources of relief we know and trust. It would be a harder essay to write, and less “NY Times- ogenic,” but what has to be addressed if we’re to get anywhere in bringing people back to relationships embedded in the material, embodied, interdependent world, is how profoundly, existentially unsafe people feel. Partly this is because we live in objectively Apocalyptic times. But, moreover and crucially, this is because most of us never felt emotionally safe in the first place and continue on untreated for our existential anxiety. We’ve lived with that deeper fear for so long it has become indelibly “in charge,” forming the unspoken basis for many of our most important decisions. Decisions based in fear not in strength (i.e., “vote for a Democrat!”), are mainly conforming; the main object being to assuage that dread without ever actually looking at it, like the way you handle a Medusa. o ⚓ Frontpage Magazine ☛ Ramadan_Sees_Spike_in_‘Disappearance’_of Coptic_Christian_Women_and_Girls⠀⇛ The only thing uncommon about these two stories, which have played out repeatedly in Egypt, is that both the woman and the teenager actually made it back to their families, though, no doubt, only after being permanently scarred by their ordeals. The fact is, Coptic Christian girls have been and increasingly continue to be abducted, sexually abused, and forced to convert to Islam and marry their kidnappers—and the majority of them are never seen again. o ⚓ Medforth ☛ Germany:_Because_“certain_cultures”_are_offended_by it,_a_school_forbids_pupils_to_wear_miniskirts⠀⇛ An uproar at a secondary school in Bavaria: Despite summer temperatures, schoolgirls are forbidden to wear short dresses or shorts. This clothing is not appropriate out of consideration for other cultures and religions. The school management says that the school stands for a “cosmopolitan society”. o ⚓ BBC ☛ Polygamy:_Muslim_women_in_India_fight_‘abhorrent’ practice⠀⇛ A 28-year-old Muslim woman’s petition to a court, seeking to prevent her husband from taking another wife without her written consent, has put the spotlight on the practice of polygamy among Indian Muslims. * § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Biden_Broadband_Event_Showcases_Why_U.S._Telecom Policy,_Press_Coverage_Is_So_Broken⠀⇛ Earlier this week, the Biden administration announced a “new” broadband plan that wasn’t actually new. The rose garden event featured executives from twenty ISPs who all got a pat on the back in front of the cameras for voluntarily and temporarily participating in a Biden plan to provide a $30 discount off of the broadband bills of low-income Americans. o ⚓ Techdirt ☛ The_Internet_Has_Opened_Up_The_Creator_Economy_To_New Heights⠀⇛ One of the most dramatic differences between the traditional, analogue world of creation, and the modern, digital one, is the democratization that has taken place in this sphere. Until recently, writers, musicians, artists and filmmakers collectively formed a relatively select group that was hard to enter as a professional. Today, anyone with an Internet connection can spread the word about their work and make money from it. In effect, everyone who is online, to a greater or lesser degree, is a digital creator – even with the most ephemeral of posts on social media. Although it is clear the creative field has been opened up enormously, details are hard to come by. That makes a new “Creator Report” from Linktree particularly useful. Linktree describes itself as: o ⚓ offline_and_limited_bandwidth⠀⇛ It was interesting to hear about the Internet experience in the country of Tajikistan where unlimited high speed data is not something that can be taken for granted. I was happy to hear that Ben was able to get a better deal by being persistant. I had not heard of Internet data being charged based on the time of usage. My parents many years ago tried to save money by switching to an electric plan that charged a higher rate overall but was much cheaper at night. This resulted in them putting timers on appliances so that they would only run during certain hours. o ⚓ dear_big_internet,_why_so_negative⠀⇛ There’s a question that I ask myself very frequently, which sounds somewhat like this: “What on Earth did the Internet do to people to make them so full of their negative opinions?” And like, don’t get me wrong, opinions are cool, and people are allowed to dislike things (stars know I have a lot of those), but I feel like for years it’s been, you know. Say, you see a movie and you didn’t like it. You can tell your friends and family that the movie was trash in your opinion. Maybe your movie club if you attend one. If your colleague at work mentions said movie, that may be an opportunity for a discussion, too. On the other hand, though, if your colleague or your friend is excited to see that movie or liked it already, and instead of having a discussion and seeing their point of view or simply agreeing to disagree you loudly proclaim that their opinion is invalid because you said so… You’re probably going to look like a major ass, aren’t you. * § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ o ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Streaming_TV’s_Next_Battlefront:_Free Services_Seize_Their_Moment⠀⇛ Could Netflix’s pain be someone else’s gain? A number of entertainment companies are counting on exactly that. As consumers grapple with higher subscription costs, and with more subscription video offerings than ever, those companies in the free, ad-supported streaming space (usually referred to as FAST, in industry jargon) think their time is now. In fact, many of the biggest players in the FAST space will be familiar to close followers of the entertainment business. There’s Pluto TV, owned by Paramount; there’s Tubi, owned by Fox Corp.; there’s Freevee (formerly IMDb TV), owned by Amazon; there’s Peacock’s free tier, owned by NBCUniversal; and there’s Roku Channel, owned by, well, Roku. o ⚓ Hollywood Reporter ☛ Netflix_Tells_Employees_to_“Spend_Our Members’_Money_Wisely”_in_New_Memo⠀⇛ Netflix is advising its employees to be fiscally responsible, while facing a loss of subscribers that has sparked fears about the viability of streaming services. * § Monopolies⠀➾ o § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ CNN ☛ How_your_photo_could_end_up_in_the_public_domain_— and_used_in_ads_around_the_world⠀⇛ In 24 states, the person in the photo may have a “right of publicity” — which prevents the unauthorized commercial use of someone’s name or likeness, Sedlik said. That protects the person if their photo is used to appear as if they’re endorsing something. A person may have a right in some states, under certain circumstances, to restrict a photographer’s ability to commercially exploit their likeness, Sedlik said. In some states only celebrities have this right, he added. But right of publicity is not the same as copyright protection. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Russia’s_Forced_Licensing_Plan_For_‘Enemy’ Content_“Legalizes_Piracy”⠀⇛ After entertainment companies announced suspensions of new business in Russia, the government faced key questions: What happens when the supply of new movies and music runs dry and existing licensing agreements for older content expire? It appears that the Kremlin has a plan for ‘enemy’ content but according to legal video platforms in Russia, it will effectively legalize piracy. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Elon_Musk:_“Overzealous_DMCA_Is_a_Plague_On Humanity”⠀⇛ The richest man on the planet has just shared some controversial takes on copyright and the DMCA. Elon Musk, who might take over Twitter, believes that the current copyright term goes “absurdly far” in protecting creators. In addition, he characterizes the “overzealous” DMCA as a “plague on humanity.” # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Because_Of_Course:_Rightsholders_Pushing_To_Turn Digital_Services_Act_Into_Another_Anti-Piracy_Tool⠀⇛ It never fails. We’ve been talking about the EU’s Digital Services Act for a few years now, looking at how the EU’s technocratic desire to overregulate the internet is going to cause real problems. And while at least they took a more systematic process to figuring out how to write the law, the end result still struck us as a disaster in waiting. And, because this is how any internet regulation attempt always turns out, after all the back and forth discussions and careful weighing of different ideas, someone always has to come in at the very end and seek to make everything much worse. In this case, the issue is that the EU Parliament, which gave us the terrible and broken Copyright Directive, is now trying to sneak more bad copyright ideas into the DSA. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4964 ➮ Generation completed at 02:42, i.e. 70 seconds to (re)generate ⟲