𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Tuesday, July 05, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Wed 6 Jul 02:39:41 BST 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/07/05/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): QmUWwu3Mv6pPzgwhFszQ3MDPkeb1Thum86s3USTGfg7tKA QmU7d9Lan4qUjP3qJCaiytftKd67NmhMwUoz21vnERGLxU Qmcn8x4Vkjq4RTfDYrFVWudBe7iEWFEZjyG4GuSGvXN2jJ QmdGVChqXApcCDe9RUJgupwdHsScvy3nvQqndASr94zE66 QmT6sgo52zhTivYdtLAAkgSVeBqg6U6VnDTvDHz5cyLh9F Qmd9jbvK6YtaVmkTKZgtkfLQ2tTjzYV2yvzWTwj2CRErj4 QmSFtnCuwj923WzPXJoqrBJMe5wB4X2SCzwtApNadjxLxc QmfEjig2FSS7dnn2KEr26v5JW9wSenfByFz7Kpont5s6p2 QmXFr24fsod4hN7dFFg3cke2MTRCdpmXGmrzBy4E9SuDmx QmTweJ4nXQtfXHVgJZdLDGsqQhGfYUadfZnLsNyG957hjX QmaWVVRETtCzr9u3pkbf9NmBNErxp6EwwuuRbbGaNBDbxs QmRnbEP8kvfDSZqPYikywBMxdJ2dsMPv4ujj2tKn8HPofU QmRdcPDNXG7La9xrpj9Te3TGetenUACvpQoAsNtm1XNbZY QmWvpCp84jsz33ggJ9VGNJLVVweLbvAgZC4QSMMpMtjws4 QmTanxCbrRzbMhGwCHPd6tznN3vqohgB6ksoqtyCiMnDFL QmSGNyqayw9Kb8GtH2D4DicRMEG9NuJ9kQEJo4KgFc1NeH QmcVu8iJ8yJqBwWTWX3TYY3ChamvbJm15Ne1VJxfTjdLY6 QmSDCize8znng3qFHzA4NgsDaeV7fzdXZrj1CKRp5JBbgK QmW2xppCHSDJtWfjB5RvaKrsEtS7w97YEMS3ePee6oW9Mp QmSGhRVAV44sV2y4ZAiDWo9kvmhjvgBBfpAKFP6AdRx6Pc Qmf7RX5zTm8khR5YEXJ6a48wsPiHG9zDm63S7nvMHXK1PE ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ EPO Bought ’Elections’ and What That Means to Staff (When Bribery is the ‘New Normal’) | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] Bribing Our Representatives at Our Expense | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Monday, July 04, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ The 20% Gap: Android (Linux-Powered) Exceeds 46%, Windows Down to 26% | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/battistelli-is-back/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/graft-as-bribes/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/irc-log-040722/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/widening-gap/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/qubes-os-4-0-eol/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/tuxedo-computers/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/weston-10-0-1/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 58 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/battistelli-is-back/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/07/05/battistelli-is-back/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ EPO_Bought_‘Elections’_and_What_That_Means_to_Staff_(When_Bribery_is_the_‘New Normal’)⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 2:18 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Flash report on the demonstration of Wednesday 29 June 2022⦈ The Battistelli era never ended. See the full letter below (as text). Summary: Obscene corruption in Europe’s second-largest institution is receiving the blind eye from national representatives, who are themselves an active part of this corruption; the EPO’s reappointed dictator is already attacking union representatives, just like Battistelli did; “You are not important for this Organization. Move on,” he said to Brumme THE EPO‘s ‘elections’ have been utterly rigged for at least 12 years; Benoît Battistelli and António_Campinos basically bought their terms in EUIPO and EPO (cooperation money and similar budget/graft as bribes at these institutions’ expense). We published a whole series about this subject. We are all paying for this corruption; they do this at our expense. This is part of a longstanding pattern. We see this in Team UPC, too. Criminality is regarded as “normal” or acceptable. This goes beyond reason. “This is part of a longstanding pattern.”Getting fees in exchange for granting lots of patents (monopolies) is in some sense a form of bribery. EPO threw out the EPC and decided to maximise monopoly-granting (even fake and invalid patents such as European_software_patents) in exchange for bribes from many foreign corporations looking to eliminate competition in Europe. The following new publication states that: “On the agenda of the Council was the “Mobility Package” introducing seconded national experts posts for the delegations. They will benefit from their national salary paid by the EPO and an allowance of +€5.000 per month. A handful of EPO employees (from high management?) will be seconded to national offices while continuing to earn their full EPO salary without performing any work for the EPO. The document was approved by the Council with only one vote against from Croatia concerned that non-EPO employees would participate in the work of Search and Examining Divisions.” Does this look normal to anyway? Here’s the full pamphlet: 05.07.2022 su22005mp – 0.2.1/0.3.2/0.2.2 § Flash report on the demonstration of Wednesday 29 June 2022⠀➾ § “The re-election package”⠀➾ On Wednesday 29 June, 180 colleagues demonstrated in front of the Isar building shortly after the start of the 171th session of the Administrative Council. Currently, many staff members are on holidays or teleworking far from Munich. The occupancy of EPO buildings is low. On average, the caterer serves 400 meals per day in the Pschorrhöfe buildings and 100 in the Isar building. Mr Campinos did not authorise EPO staff to demonstrate on the Office ground and was pushed away on the street. Greenpeace, who demonstrated earlier in the morning, was actually granted a better treatment. The events confirm that for Mr Campinos, EPO staff does not count. On the agenda of the Council was the “Mobility Package” introducing seconded national experts posts for the delegations. They will benefit from their national salary paid by the EPO and an allowance of +€5.000 per month. A handful of EPO employees (from high management?) will be seconded to national offices while continuing to earn their full EPO salary without performing any work for the EPO. The document was approved by the Council with only one vote against from Croatia concerned that non-EPO employees would participate in the work of Search and Examining Divisions. The reform was conveniently tabled at a time the re-election of Mr Campinos was on the agenda. This generous package successfully guaranteed his re-election until 1 July 2028 decided in the confidential session of the afternoon. The newly extended President celebrated the news with the delegates in the evening. The following day, the atmosphere in the Council was very relaxed and the delegations thanked him for the party. The Spanish delegation even referred to a “terrific night”. We wonder whether the carbon footprint of the party will make it to the EPO Environmental Report 2022. SUEPO hopes that the Council mandated Mr Campinos to faithfully conduct social dialogue from now on. The first signs are however not encouraging. Just after his re-election, Mr Campinos rescheduled the GCC meeting of 5 July in order to reduce its duration from 1.30h down to 1.00h. Three topics are on the agenda among which the controversial project “Bringing Teams Together” initiated without any involvement of the staff representation. Given the track record of Mr Campinos in terms of cuts on career and purchasing power, EPO staff should be concerned by his re-election. A copy of the intervention made during the demonstration is annexed to this paper for those who could not attend the demonstration. We need you to support us so that we can support you. SUEPO Munich Annex: Intervention during the SUEPO Munich demonstration of Wednesday 29 June 2022 ===================================================================== § Intervention during the SUEPO Munich demonstration of Wednesday 29 June 2022, at 12.30h in front of the Isar building⠀➾ Dear Colleagues, Thanks for coming out of your homes and your offices to join today. SUEPO flyers are back in the canteen. EPO staff is back in the streets. We’re back to normality. EPO normality. Ion met Mr Campinos for the first time in 2018. Ion has been fired because he is a staff representative. Ion had just won his disciplinary case in front of the Tribunal. For his reinstatement at the EPO, Ion was invited to a face-to-face meeting with Mr Campinos. Mr Campinos told Ion: “You are not important for this Organization. Move on” Someone representing EPO staff does not count. Someone doing EPO work does not count. Mr Campinos had just set the tone of his mandate: EPO staff won’t count. After four years of his mandate where do we stand? EPO Communiqués are full of managerial buzzwords: agility, flexibility, mobility, energy, fluidity, vibrance, modernisation. Communiqués are void of content and hardly make sense. Management by emptiness. This is what we have. “Sustainability” is everywhere. Work more for less. Concerning salary adjustments, Mr Campinos sees no problem that the Office makes huge savings while staff salaries are frozen. His consultants from Mercer had foreseen deflation for a decade. Inflation is actually sky-rocketing. Their Financial Study was flawed. To compensate for inflation, “friends” are appointed Principal Directors, become members of the MAC, get functional allowances and cash injections into their Salary Savings Plan. Concerning the career, Ms Simon replies that she does not believe in café para todos. She does not believe in coffee for all: that everybody should get a career. For her, some can get the double step espresso, some can get the cappuccino bonus but it’s not a problem for her that some have an empty cup. Today, the Council discusses the re-election of Mr Campinos. Is there something positive on the agenda for staff? No, the Council will approve the “Mobility Package”. On the one hand, we get a new category of staff, the “Young Professionals” with fewer rights and the lowest EPO salaries ever. On the other hand, national experts coming to the EPO will get their national salary paid by the EPO and an allowance of +€5.000 per month. A handful of EPO managers will be seconded to national offices and continue to earn their full EPO salary without performing any work for the EPO. Double standards continue at the EPO We try to convince management. We bring arguments. We bring data. ===================================================================== To have data, SUEPO mandated the company Technologia to run its Staff Survey in 2022. Mr Campinos is running his staff survey with Willis Towers Watsons. Technologia asks clear questions. Willis Towers Watson asks vague questions. When Willis Towers Watson analyses results, people who are neutral or abstained are counted as positive. This improves figures for management. If you’re neutral about your remuneration, management will decrease your remuneration. When filling-in a management survey, position yourself clearly, if you disagree, disagree clearly. When in doubt, disagree. Otherwise, management will instrumentalize your answer. Are the Technologia results relevant? Yes. The survey asks the same questions as the previous survey conducted in 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2020 to reliably compare the results. SUEPO asked Mr Campinos to send the survey on all @epo.org email addresses. Mr Campinos refused. In 2022, when digitalisation is the EPO trend, the ban on mass-email continues. Mr Campinos even disbanded our secretariat. He intends to hide us further clicks away in the Intranet. If Mr Campinos thinks we are not important, why is he trying to reduce our importance? 1.766 staff members took the time to answer. The sample is large and representative. Thanks for taking the time to fill-in. What do the results say? On the career system Mr Campinos made minor fine-tunings to the career system (“catch-up mechanism” every 5 years and “collaborative bonuses”). He did not put an end to the dissatisfaction among staff. 84% think their professional situation is affected by the bonuses and 87% by the lack of seniority advancement. 79% think fairness and transparency should be increased in the reward exercise. If you don’t like the career system, you are not alone. On quality For Mr Campinos, bad quality is just a problem of misunderstanding. Mr Campinos launched the project “Creating a common definition of quality” (SP2023 Goal 3). Managers go there. They think. They talk. They re-think. They re-talk. And there is no output. It’s typically the kind of meetings managers can attend with their iPad in the Biergarten. For EPO managers, quality is timeliness. If McDonald’s can serve a burger in 3 minutes, is this really quality? For EPO managers, quality is consistency. If Mc Donald’s serves the same burger everywhere, is this really quality? Actually, at the EPO, the burger is becoming less tasty. Grant compliance is down from 85.4% in 2016 to 74.5% in 2022. Staff’s perception is no different. 89% say quality is negatively affected by the performance related bonus and 91% by the abolition of the automatic step. 87% say it is necessary and important for the future of the EPO to give more time to do quality work. Management ===================================================================== thinks that tools will increase quality and productivity, but Ansera still has more days of sick leave than the average employee. If_you’re_concerned_by_quality,_you_are_not_alone. On mistrust in management and the atmosphere 57% of staff trust their immediate superior. Figures lower dramatically higher in the hierarchy. Only 24% trust their Director, 5% their Principal Director/COO, 7% their Vice-President, 1% the members of the MAC, 3% the President and 1% the Administrative Council. DG1 is the DG in which trust in management is the lowest. A COO even manages to be less popular than the Vice-President. 23% of staff consider to be exposed to relational violence essentially in DG5 and DG0, the area the closest to the President. That same President who says: “You will never have such a nice person being the f***ing President” On reorganizations Reorganizations are perceived as pointless for 86%, not desired by 92% and negative in their career for 87%. Nevertheless, Mr Campinos continues with reorganizations. The next reorganization is “Binging Teams Together”. The project is very unpopular. This was clear from the CIN meeting yesterday. Again, it’s about sustainability: compressing staff in less office space to empty buildings: PH1-4 in Munich. The Shell in The Hague. Staff was never asked by Willis Towers Watson whether they like “offices for the day”. But if you answered you come less than three days per week, this is what you will get. You see. Your answers are instrumentalized by management. What is an “office for the day”? Management said yesterday it will be your “home” but you won’t have the keys. Anyone can have a code to enter. It’s an office you will have to disinfect yourself. An office empty of personal belongings. An office you will have to ergonomically readjust. When management tells staff, you won’t have your own office, management sends the message that you don’t count. On social dialogue Staff representatives remain trusted by 75% and the action of staff representation is a “plus” for 88%. Thank you. We need you to support us so that we can support you. 88% find that top management is not showing interest in an honest and constructive dialogue. They were only 77% in 2020. Indeed. Pertinent arguments are ignored. Questions receive flawed answers or non-answers. We are not in an Office where convincing counts. Only power and money count. As long as management feel they have the power to make staff produce more for less, they will continue. ===================================================================== On the health of staff and engagement The worsening is historical. Mr Campinos was proud that his “Stronger Together” webpage had hundreds of thousands of clicks. For him, this was the relevant KPI to assess staff engagement and well-being. However, only 7% appreciate the support by the Human Resources. For 67% their current work life affects their health. 48% consider their health as average or poor. This is the worst result since 2010. 69% feel very tired, 42% feel depressed and 37% feel desperate. Teleworking has a negative impact on relationship with colleagues (for 71%), gives a feeling of isolation (for 47%) and contributes at 0% to the sense of belonging. In 2018, Mr Campinos promised to increase staff engagement. His first mandate is actually a major failure. They were 13% to be disengaged in 2016, 19% in 2020 and now disengagement peaks to 41% in 2022. If_you_feel_disengaged,_you_are_not_alone. What is management doing about it? Engagement won’t increase by giving staff an “office for the day”. Engagement won’t increase by making cuts on career and purchasing power. Engagement won’t increase with videos of managers smiling and holding a coffee cup. This afternoon, the Council will decide upon the re-election of Mr Campinos. Maybe they will take on board staff concerns. Maybe they won’t. Maybe they won’t re-elect Mr Campinos. Maybe they will. Maybe they will give him the proper mandate to repair the damages. Our role is to inform you, to listen to your feedback, to voice your concerns and to report afterwards. We did everything we could. You did as well by coming here today. Thank you for your support These are depressing times for most EPO staff, but we know who Campinos is and we’ll continue to show the harms done by him. He’s abusing_the_EPO's_Web_site with shameless glee. He is a massive liability to the EU’s reputation, not just the EPO’s reputation. █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⢿⡏⠙⡉⠙⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⢿⡿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣦⣶⣶⣶⣿⣮⣶⣶⣬⣴⣶⣦⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣴⢷⣶⡷⣶⣶⣴⣷⣦⣴⣾⡶⣶⣦⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣦⣧⣴⢤⣤⣤⢾⣤⡆⠈⡀⢠⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣴⣴⣴⣧⣴⣤⣥⣴⣬⣴⣧⣤⣤⣧⣬⣤⣬⣴⣤⣦⣦⣴⣦⣦⣴⣤⣧⠅⡖⠀⠁⠸⠃⠠⠂⠀⠀⠀⠄⣴⣶⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣦⣴⣤⣬⣤⣥⣦⣤⣬⣵⣦⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣽⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣴⣤⣼⣄⣡⣄⣀⣤⡈⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣿⣼⣦⣤⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣬⣬⣬⣤⣤⣬⣿⣤⣬⣴⣤⣬⣤⣥⣤⣤⣷⣤⣧⣤⣴⣤⣤⣿⣿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠿⠛⡟⡟⠒⠞⠛⠛⢲⢲⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢛⠹⠻⠟⠏⠿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠻⠟⠿⠛⢿⠟⠿⠟⣿⠻⠹⠿⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣿⣼⣤⣇⣵⣬⣤⣧⣽⣮⣤⣤⣾⣬⣼⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡉⢸⠉⡏⢩⢉⠍⠉⢙⠉⡅⠉⠉⠁⠀⡉⢉⢉⢹⡩⢩⢸⡆⠀⢀⠉⡋⠀⢩⠉⠉⠁⠉⠅⠉⢉⢋⡗⠠⠄⢸⡓⢈⠉⡏⠉⠉⣹⠂⠄⢆⠂⠔⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡛⢛⠻⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠟⠻⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠷⡞⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣮⣤⣦⣴⣧⣦⣤⣶⣤⣦⣤⣤⣥⣬⣴⣥⣤⣴⣇⣤⣤⣤⣥⣴⣤⣤⣈⣰⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡉⣹⣉⣻⣋⣉⣉⣹⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣈⣉⡉⣉⣉⣙⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣍⣉⣉⣏⣉⣏⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⡿⢿⣧⣤⣼⡏⠉⢿⡿⠿⠟⠻⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⣼⣤⢤⣧⣬⣤⣧⢬⡤⢦⣤⡸⢤⣦⣤⡄⣾⠤⣤⣵⣦⡤⣽⣤⣬⣼⣥⣼⣴⡤⢧⣧⣾⣶⣧⣥⣬⣤⣦⣼⣤⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⠛⣆⠋⢃⠈⡌⠁⢤⡄⢴⠃⠄⠞⢻⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠦⠸⠢⠤⢤⠤⢤⠼⠠⠤⠤⠏⠭⠤⢤⡠⢽⠩⠴⠴⡄⠤⠼⠣⠤⣤⣀⠧⢤⠤⠧⢤⠤⠤⠴⠤⡼⢤⠀⠂⢔⢿⣷⣶⡸⢃⠀⢈⠀⢸⠀⠀⠀⣰⠀⢈⠀⣸⠀⢠⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⠒⠒⡒⠚⡗⢺⡖⠲⢶⡖⠒⢲⠂⠚⠒⠚⠒⣶⠒⠓⡶⠒⠒⠚⠚⣻⠓⠚⠖⠒⡶⠒⠒⡖⠓⠳⠚⢲⠚⠲⣻⣿⣿⡇⡏⠀⠀⠀⡿⠤⠀⠀⠻⠀⠸⠠⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡯⣉⢻⣉⣃⣘⢹⣉⢙⢍⡋⣉⣙⢉⢙⡉⢛⡁⣈⡩⣛⣏⣉⢽⡽⢉⢹⣉⡏⣝⢹⣋⢙⣍⠙⣉⢍⣙⢹⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⠟⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⠧⡤⡤⢄⠤⠤⡤⢧⠤⢼⣦⠤⣥⠤⡤⢤⢦⠤⡧⣤⠦⢼⢤⢤⠤⢧⠼⡤⠤⠬⡤⢤⡤⢤⠤⢧⡥⢧⠮⡼⡤⢤⠥⠬⠀⢤⣤⡬⡼⡤⡦⢼⡭⠤⢼⠠⡤⠤⢤⠼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡖⠶⠴⠶⠶⠶⠦⠷⠶⠦⠶⣟⡂⠶⡦⠶⠴⠴⢮⠶⠽⠖⠶⠾⠕⠴⢶⠲⢦⠲⠴⢖⡽⠶⠴⠲⠴⢷⡖⠒⠂⢳⠶⠴⢲⠖⠤⠷⡦⠦⢧⠾⠤⠶⢦⣾⣵⣶⣶⣶⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣫⣉⣙⣋⠉⣉⣩⣋⡯⣹⣉⣋⣏⣉⣛⣉⢍⣉⣉⣉⣋⣉⣙⡍⠛⠍⠛⠩⠻⠩⠙⠟⠛⠝⢩⣏⣉⡩⣋⣉⣍⡙⢹⢙⡩⣋⣙⣉⣋⣏⣋⣉⢍⣉⣻⣉⡋⡉⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⠍⣩⣉⣧⣉⣟⣏⣹⣫⣡⠉⡉⡀⣋⣉⣻⣶⣈⣉⣯⡥⣠⣈⣩⣍⣡⣸⢬⣉⣉⣄⢉⣍⢏⣉⣀⣉⢉⣁⣏⣉⣈⢩⣩⣉⣉⣄⣇⣉⣽⣨⣍⣇⣀⣄⣸⣉⣭⣸⣉⢉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡤⣤⠤⠤⠤⢤⠼⡤⣷⠤⣤⠥⠤⠤⠇⠤⣴⠤⠤⢤⠤⣬⠧⠼⠦⢤⡤⠤⠼⠤⠦⠤⠦⡵⠤⣤⢤⠤⢰⡤⠤⠧⢤⡤⡤⢧⡄⠤⠧⢤⡤⡤⠄⠤⣤⡤⠤⠴⠴⢤⠤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠶⠟⠲⠾⠶⠲⠶⡾⠿⠾⡾⠶⠶⠲⡖⠲⣿⠲⠷⡖⠒⢛⢲⡖⠲⠾⣿⠶⠷⠾⠶⠾⢤⠿⠶⢿⠶⠶⠶⠷⠶⢶⡞⠷⡖⠺⢷⢒⠶⠾⢷⠒⠶⠒⠸⠷⠶⠶⣶⠶⠶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⠓⠒⡗⠒⠒⢘⠒⠓⠚⠒⣳⡢⠒⠒⠋⠚⡟⠚⡒⠓⠚⠓⠓⡗⠙⠒⡗⠒⠚⡎⠏⡪⢻⠓⠒⠚⠒⠖⠒⠚⡖⠓⠓⠐⠓⠛⢚⠐⠚⠒⠒⢺⠛⡗⠒⢳⠒⠚⠓⡖⢊⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣉⣁⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣟⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠦⠤⠧⠤⣤⡤⡤⠧⣤⠤⠿⠤⠴⠴⠤⣤⠤⠬⠴⠧⠤⢤⠤⡼⠥⠼⠤⠧⠤⠤⡼⠤⠤⠾⠤⠶⠤⠤⣤⠤⢤⡧⢼⠧⠦⠿⠭⠤⣤⠤⠤⢤⡼⣤⡤⠼⠧⡤⢿⠤⠴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⠠⠶⠖⠲⢺⠓⡟⠲⢻⠴⡲⠖⠖⠶⠒⠛⢲⠲⠒⠦⠔⠾⣖⢲⠒⠖⡶⠖⡖⠴⢇⠴⠶⣖⠚⠖⡶⠒⠿⠖⢾⢳⠞⠲⠖⠒⠒⡞⠻⠲⠷⠚⠗⢺⡲⠖⠘⠗⠒⠶⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⡓⢺⠒⠚⠚⣾⠓⠀⢺⢓⠒⡖⠑⠘⠓⠓⠚⢺⡖⢲⢑⡒⡗⠛⠒⡂⠛⠺⣧⡄⠒⡇⠋⠙⠓⠐⠛⣗⠙⠓⢿⢒⠒⡖⠒⠓⠚⠛⠙⠒⡓⡆⣛⡊⠚⣺⠤⠛⠒⠒⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⡉⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣙⣉⣹⣩⣉⣏⣉⣉⠉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣏⣉⣩⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣉⣹⣉⣉⡏⣉⣉⢩⣿⣉⣉⣏⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⡉⣉⣉⣩⣏⣙⣉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⢶⢤⠼⡤⣧⡵⣦⣬⣴⣤⣤⣧⢄⠠⣤⣾⣯⡴⠼⡭⢬⣦⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣼⣬⣤⣤⣦⣴⣤⣤⣠⣤⣦⣧⣼⣤⣥⣇⣥⣤⣹⣤⣤⣧⣬⣤⣥⣧⣧⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣼⣬⣶⣵⣦⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣴⣯⣬⣥⣬⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⡛⡛⢻⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠻⡟⠛⠟⠛⠛⢻⡛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢻⣟⠛⠛⢟⠛⠟⠻⡟⣻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⢿⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡛⠛⢻⠛⢛⢛⡟⠛⢻⡏⣙⠛⣏⢙⠋⣿⠋⠟⠛⣿⠛⡛⣿⣙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⡛⢛⢿⠛⡟⠻⠛⠛⠛⢙⠛⢿⡏⠛⠛⡞⠋⠛⢻⣏⠙⢻⠛⢛⠋⢛⠋⠙⠛⣷⠙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣊⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣏⣈⣪⣺⣏⣉⣉⣁⣍⣹⣉⣼⣸⣃⣁⣩⣏⣹⣉⣍⣉⣹⣉⣭⣉⣁⣋⣉⣽⣉⣏⣈⣩⣉⣈⣉⣇⣉⣉⣹⣛⣃⣈⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡤⣬⠤⣮⡼⣼⢤⡤⢼⡧⢤⠤⠥⣧⠤⡤⣤⠼⢤⢤⡷⡤⢷⣦⡼⣄⠠⣥⡤⢼⡤⢦⢤⠄⢸⢬⠤⡤⠾⣤⡤⣧⠥⡤⢤⡤⠤⠤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣠⣤⣼⣆⣐⣓⣀⣀⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣥⣤⣭⣬⣥⣤⣥⣬⣥⣤⣿⣶⣦⣴⣦⣶⣷⣦⣶⣴⣶⣦⣦⣾⣶⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣴⣷⣶⣼⣴⣶⣾⣶⣦⣶⣤⣦⣶⣦⣴⣵⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⢛⠻⠛⠛⠛⢙⠛⢻⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠻⠛⠻⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⡛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡉⣫⡍⣋⣙⢏⢉⣉⣙⣛⢍⣉⡋⣉⡋⣉⡯⢋⣉⡉⣏⢘⡋⡉⣋⣙⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡼⡤⡄⡤⠧⠴⡧⢤⢼⠴⠤⠴⢤⠤⡤⡤⠼⠤⡤⠤⠼⠤⠤⢦⢄⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣾⣤⣽⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣧⣤⣤⣇⣤⣠⣴⣾⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣧⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣦⣶⣽⣶⣦⣧⣦⣶⣮⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢻⠛⢻⢛⠛⢛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣘⣄⣠⣔⣸⣤⣉⣇⣃⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣦⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⡿⠻⡿⠟⠻⠿⠿⡟⠛⠿⢿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⢛⢻⠛⠛⠿⠿⠟⠿⠛⢿⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠛⠿⠿⢿⠿⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣴⣤⣤⣧⣶⣴⣦⣤⣦⠦⠶⠧⣴⢤⣴⡦⡤⡤⢧⢶⡤⡼⠦⠴⡴⢤⣤⡾⡦⣾⠴⠶⡤⠾⢤⣦⢶⢼⡦⡦⢦⠶⠦⠤⢧⣤⣦⣤⣦⣤⣦⣦⣼⣦⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣦⣤⣤⣤⢤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣯⣤⢤⣯⢤⣥⣤⣤⣼⣥⣤⢤⣬⣌⡯⡤⣼⣥⣥⣬⣥⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣸⣀⣀⣂⣀⣀⣇⣀⣸⣐⣀⣀⣽⣀⣀⣈⣸⣐⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣈⣁⣹⣕⣂⣀⣨⣈⣈⣁⣁⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡧⡤⢤⡤⢼⡤⢤⢧⡤⡤⡤⢤⡠⡧⣤⡼⠤⠼⢢⡤⡤⠾⢤⡤⣤⠤⡬⢧⣤⡤⢇⡤⢬⢼⡧⠤⡤⣤⠤⣧⡤⠇⢤⢤⢧⡤⡤⡄⢬⡧⢤⡥⠤⡶⠤⡿⠄⠤⣤⡼⠥⠤⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⠤⠬⠧⠠⠧⣤⣴⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣽⣧⣤⣦⣵⣧⣬⣤⣼⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣧⣾⣧⣶⣴⣧⣦⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣶⣤⣤⣼⣧⣤⣤⣬⣧⣴⣧⣤⣼⣾⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣤⣦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⣻⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⣻⠛⠛⣟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡟⢻⡟⠛⠻⠻⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⡟⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠚⠛⠛⠓⠓⠋⠛⢙⠛⢲⡏⠒⠛⡇⠛⠛⣾⠙⠚⢱⡛⠛⠚⣾⠈⠛⡟⠉⠛⠃⠋⠘⠚⠛⢳⠛⠛⠓⢳⡏⢺⡆⠛⠛⠻⡗⢊⡏⠑⢓⣯⡜⠘⠛⠛⠚⢿⡎⡙⢛⡇⠊⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⢙⠉⢉⠉⠉⠉⣙⠉⠉⡏⢹⠉⠉⢹⠉⣉⠉⢾⠉⢉⣋⣉⠙⢹⢉⡉⠉⢙⢹⠉⣹⠙⡍⠁⠉⣋⠉⡋⠉⢙⢹⠉⠉⡋⠉⠉⢽⣉⡉⠉⡏⢉⣍⢍⠹⣉⠉⢉⡋⠉⣏⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⡉⣁⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣹⣍⣍⣉⣙⣉⣉⣏⣉⣩⣈⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣩⣋⣉⣹⣉⣩⢉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣈⣉⣻⣙⣉⣉⣉⣋⣉⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣤⣦⣀⢤⢅⡽⢆⣀⣠⡀⣄⣤⣀⢆⣸⢄⢢⣄⢸⣇⡀⡠⢼⣀⢠⣠⣸⣀⡠⢸⢄⣨⣁⣀⣻⢄⡄⣀⡀⠅⢀⠠⣇⣀⡅⢀⣸⣄⣤⢔⣼⣤⣄⡤⣸⣄⣀⣠⣸⣧⣄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣨⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣥⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣼⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠿⠿⡟⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⡟⠟⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣴⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⡛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⡿⠛⡟⠛⠛⠻⠻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡿⠛⠛⠛⢟⣿⠻⠛⡛⠛⠛⢟⣿⠛⠟⠛⠛⠛⣻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠒⠙⠘⢓⣶⠚⠑⠒⠒⠛⠒⢶⡖⠚⠒⠐⠚⠒⠒⠛⠐⠛⢲⡖⠕⠒⠒⠚⠒⠚⠐⠒⠂⠒⡾⠒⠒⣶⠛⠂⠂⡖⠊⣿⠛⠒⠒⠒⡒⣾⠛⠚⢳⡆⠒⢒⠊⢓⡖⠒⠓⠐⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠋⠉⠙⠸⡏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠈⢋⢹⠉⢫⠋⠉⠋⠉⠉⠙⠉⠻⡍⠉⠉⡏⠙⡉⢉⠊⢹⠛⠋⡏⠋⠉⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣉⣁⣉⣈⣉⣈⣀⡈⣴⣈⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣣⣈⣈⣁⣹⣩⣉⣉⣹⣌⣹⣈⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⡤⣤⡤⣤⢤⡤⡄⠸⢤⡤⠤⡂⢧⢤⡠⢤⢤⡤⣤⠤⣤⡹⠤⡴⣬⢤⡤⡄⠤⡤⡤⡥⢤⡤⠤⡧⢤⢄⠤⢤⠤⡤⡤⢤⡤⣤⢼⢴⢤⢧⠤⡤⢤⢼⡤⡤⣤⢤⡼⠤⠤⢠⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠴⢤⠤⠼⠦⠴⠤⣤⠤⠄⠤⠧⠤⢤⠤⡤⠤⠧⠤⠤⠧⡦⠠⡤⠤⠧⠦⠤⠧⠤⢤⡤⠤⠤⠴⡤⠼⠤⠤⠤⠧⠤⠤⠤⠤⢸⠤⠤⠼⢤⠰⠤⠤⠤⢠⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣴⣷⣶⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣴⣿⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢟⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣟⠛⠛⢟⠛⠛⡻⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⢟⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢃⠋⠒⢻⠓⠚⠪⢶⠒⠒⠛⠓⠚⠒⠘⠓⠒⢰⠳⠙⠒⠒⠛⠓⠚⢻⠚⠓⠓⠒⠓⠃⢲⠐⠘⠚⠊⠒⠒⢲⠐⠒⢳⠚⠚⠐⡗⠚⠓⠚⠚⡎⠒⠛⠙⠚⠒⡆⡂⠒⠲⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⡉⣉⣉⣉⡉⢹⣩⡉⣏⡉⣉⢉⣉⢻⣉⡉⣏⣉⣩⡉⣉⣏⠉⢉⡉⣉⡏⣝⣉⡏⣉⡉⡏⡉⡉⣉⣏⡉⣹⣉⢉⡉⣉⣉⣏⣹⣉⢉⡉⡏⡉⣉⣹⠉⡉⡉⣉⣻⢉⣝⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣈⣉⣉⣯⣉⣸⣈⣉⣈⣉⣉⣇⣉⣏⣉⣀⣉⣉⣇⣉⣝⣁⣈⣇⣈⣁⣏⣉⣉⡩⣁⣉⣁⢉⣏⣈⣉⣉⣀⣏⢉⣁⣏⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣝⣇⣌⣩⣯⣉⣙⣏⣉⣉⣍⣹⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣀⡸⣄⣀⡭⣪⣂⣀⣬⣸⣀⡀⣀⣯⣀⣐⣠⣀⣀⣅⣻⣀⣪⣄⣀⣇⣅⣀⣇⣀⣄⣆⣄⣸⣠⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣤⣀⣇⣀⣵⣄⣨⣇⣍⣸⣀⣆⣇⣀⣀⣇⣸⣀⣔⣀⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣦⣤⣴⣧⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣀⣧⣤⣠⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣧⣦⣤⣬⣧⣤⣴⣮⣮⣦⣤⣴⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣦⣦⣴⣯⣷⣼⣦⣶⣴⣦⣴⣤⣶⣶⣤⣷⣶⣷⣵⣤⣶⣤⣾⣦⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⠻⠛⠛⡟⢟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠟⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠟⠟⠛⠛⠻⡛⡛⣻⠛⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠻⡏⠙⠙⡏⠝⠛⠛⠋⠉⡟⠋⢹⡏⠛⠋⠛⠙⡋⣿⠉⠋⣻⡍⠙⠉⠋⠉⢛⡏⡙⠋⠙⠛⠙⢩⢿⡫⠙⢻⠉⠙⢻⠛⠛⠙⡏⠋⢋⠋⢿⡛⠋⢻⠛⠛⢹⠛⡟⠙⠙⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡋⠉⠉⠉⠉⣹⢉⣝⠉⠉⡩⡏⠉⢙⣯⢩⢉⠏⠉⢹⢉⠉⠉⢙⠉⡋⠉⠉⠉⢩⡟⠋⢉⢋⡉⠈⡉⢹⠉⠉⣉⠉⡏⢋⡋⡏⠉⠉⣏⠉⢉⠉⠉⡏⠉⡉⢽⠉⠉⡉⠉⢙⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣉⣉⣙⣇⣈⣹⣁⣉⣹⣉⣈⣉⣽⣈⣉⣉⣘⣏⣉⣁⣉⣉⣁⣏⣉⢉⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣈⡉⣉⣉⣏⣈⣉⣇⣀⣄⣺⣍⣁⣸⠉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣨⣏⣋⣁⣉⣍⣁⣏⣉⣈⡩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣁⣀⣀⣀⣼⣀⣁⣇⡀⣤⣢⣇⣣⣁⣇⣱⣏⣀⣀⡀⢅⣁⣈⣨⣁⣸⣭⣐⣘⣀⡀⣪⣀⣉⣸⣤⣁⣈⣠⣹⣡⡃⣀⣡⣕⢀⣀⣕⡰⡀⡠⣔⣸⣀⢁⣀⣈⣈⡀⣀⣏⣁⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡿⣤⣤⡤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣤⣽⡤⣤⢤⣤⡤⣼⣧⠤⠤⠤⣤⠽⣤⣤⢤⢯⣤⡤⣤⣤⢤⣤⣧⣤⣿⣤⡤⢤⣿⣤⣤⢤⠿⣤⡤⠿⠤⠤⣬⣼⣧⣤⣤⣔⣸⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣧⣤⣠⣦⣤⣤⣼⣤⣴⣧⣤⣼⣤⣴⣬⣾⣬⣦⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣧⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣶⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠻⠻⠻⡟⢻⠿⠻⠛⠟⠻⠟⠿⠛⠿⠻⠻⠻⠟⠻⠻⠛⣟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠟⡿⠟⠻⠿⠛⠿⠛⠟⣟⠟⠛⠟⠛⠛⠟⡿⠛⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣦⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⡛⠟⠛⠻⠛⡟⠛⡛⢻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠟⡟⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⡛⠟⠛⠻⠛⠛⡛⠛⡟⠻⠛⠛⢻⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠟⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠓⡛⠕⠒⠓⠓⠒⠒⢲⠑⢺⠚⠒⠛⠘⠓⡆⠒⢳⠒⠒⠈⠚⠚⠓⠓⠓⡗⠂⢒⡎⠘⠁⠑⢣⠀⠛⠒⠚⠒⡖⢁⠚⠚⠒⠚⠳⣾⣶⣶⣾⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣎⣉⣈⣉⣁⣉⢉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣟⣁⣉⣉⣿⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣙⣿⣉⣍⣈⣹⣇⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣍⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣏⣉⣈⣹⣝⣉⠉⣉⣹⣏⢙⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣻⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣄⣀⣈⣷⣈⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣠⣁⣉⣉⣽⣉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣀⣙⣿⣉⣉⣉⣍⣹⣉⣈⣉⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣈⣁⣏⣉⣏⣁⣉⣈⣁⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣁⣉⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣁⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⡩⣘⣿⣆⣀⣀⣿⣇⣀⣀⣄⣌⣅⣨⣿⣀⡀⢀⣀⡸⣿⣐⣰⣿⣀⣁⣀⣈⣀⣀⣀⣨⣆⣻⣿⣴⣿⣡⣀⢀⣄⣽⣧⠅⡀⣠⣈⣿⣇⠐⢅⣀⣸⢇⣔⣄⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⢤⢤⠤⡤⡤⢤⡤⡤⢌⡿⠧⢤⡤⡤⣄⢠⠤⡦⢤⡤⣿⣦⠤⠼⢿⠤⢤⣤⠤⣤⠤⣼⡿⢠⠤⢤⣾⡿⠦⡤⡤⢤⡤⣤⡤⠤⡤⡽⣿⢤⣤⢤⠴⢿⠷⣤⡤⠄⠨⢴⢿⣧⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠠⠤⠠⢬⠤⠠⠤⠴⠼⠤⣤⠄⠦⠴⠿⠤⠠⠤⣤⠤⠼⠴⠤⠤⠴⠤⠼⠤⠤⠤⠀⡬⠧⠼⢴⠴⠽⠮⠤⠄⠤⠤⢤⠼⠧⠤⠤⠬⠤⠤⠼⣤⣤⣤⣦⣬⣷⣦⣤⣤⣤⣧⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣼⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣧⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⡟⠙⠛⡉⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣍⣉⣻⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣋⡉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⢉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣏⣉⣙⡏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣹⣉⣉⣝⣉⢉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣐⣁⣀⣻⣀⣀⣃⣘⣉⣉⣸⣈⣒⣀⣸⣉⣏⣉⣈⣁⣁⣹⣉⣉⣉⢉⣉⣍⣅⣈⣉⣭⣉⣉⣁⣉⣻⣀⣀⣀⣠⣑⣸⣉⣁⣉⣁⣇⣁⣹⣐⣉⣩⢉⣈⣉⣉⣇⣉⣉⣉⣍⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢮⡸⣇⠄⣠⣄⣀⣿⣀⣬⣯⣀⣼⣄⠨⢀⠀⣘⣠⣄⣿⢀⣀⢀⣀⣿⣀⣀⣠⣨⣀⣀⣄⣻⣧⣤⣾⣔⣄⠀⣀⣄⣠⡀⣽⣠⣀⣀⡠⡀⣘⡯⢤⣿⣀⡠⣀⣘⣿⣀⣀⣨⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⢄⡠⣤⣤⡤⣤⢤⣤⣿⣤⣷⣤⣤⣿⢤⣴⣤⢿⡤⢤⣤⢬⣷⣤⣤⢿⣤⣤⡼⡤⡤⣧⣤⣤⡤⣼⡤⣤⣤⣤⡧⣤⢴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⠼⣯⣤⣤⢄⣤⣦⡤⣼⠤⡴⡴⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠴⢼⠤⠤⠼⠤⡤⡤⢤⠤⠼⡤⠬⠧⠤⠼⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⡧⠤⠧⢤⠤⡼⠤⡤⠧⠤⠦⢤⠤⡧⠤⠤⠤⠼⢤⠤⡤⠼⠦⠼⠤⠤⠼⠶⠤⠤⢤⣤⣽⣤⣧⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣴⣦⣴⣶⣴⣾⣴⣶⣶⣦⣧⣴⣾⣤⣦⣷⣦⣦⣶⣶⣴⣴⣶⣶⣮⣷⣶⣦⣾⣦⣷⣦⣷⣦⣶⣦⣼⣤⣶⣦⣦⣴⣵⣼⣴⣵⣷⣶⣮⣦⣦⣤⣶⣴⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⠛⢟⠛⡟⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⢻⠻⢻⡟⠟⠛⠛⠛⢻⣟⡛⠛⢿⠻⠛⠛⠛⠟⣿⠛⡟⠻⡛⠟⢿⠛⠛⢻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⡌⠛⠒⠘⢲⠐⢒⠛⠃⠒⠒⢒⢒⠒⡟⢐⠓⢲⠓⠆⠈⠇⠒⢷⣾⣷⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣈⣉⣉⣈⣹⣀⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣀⣉⣏⣉⢉⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣠⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢲⠷⠶⠶⢶⡴⠶⠖⡖⠷⠖⠲⠲⠾⠶⠶⠶⠾⡶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢒⢰⡞⠲⢾⠟⠖⡷⠶⠖⡶⠶⢳⠦⠶⡦⠶⠞⡜⠶⡞⠲⠶⠖⠰⠷⠶⠲⠖⠶⠖⠲⠶⡶⠷⠶⠶⠾⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠺⠐⢲⡞⠞⠲⢶⡖⠛⠖⡖⠒⠲⢲⠖⠲⠒⠲⠓⠶⠒⠖⢶⠲⠺⠖⠗⠖⠚⡖⢲⠳⠒⠲⠓⠲⢺⠲⢶⠓⠺⢶⠳⠒⠷⠖⠞⠲⡖⠒⠒⡖⡒⠒⢲⠲⢶⠓⠖⠖⠶⠢⢼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⢂⠒⠒⠓⠓⠚⠚⡞⠒⠒⠓⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠒⢶⢐⢐⠒⡖⠘⠒⠐⡂⠂⠒⠒⠓⠚⡖⠚⠂⡖⠒⠚⠒⠚⠒⠒⠚⠚⢲⠒⠒⠒⠒⢳⠐⠒⡗⠓⠛⠚⠒⠚⠒⡖⠓⡖⡺⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⡛⡟⠛⠚⠛⠋⠛⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡬⣉⣉⣉⣈⣉⣀⣇⣈⣉⣅⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣍⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⡏⣉⣙⣏⣉⣉⣏⣉⣸⣉⣈⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣄⣤⣤⣤⣠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠿⡟⠟⢿⡟⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿⠻⠿⢻⡿⢿⠿⠛⠿⣿⠿⣿⠻⠿⢿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⣿⠿⠻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⢿⡟⠟⢿⡿⡻⠿⠿⠟⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠓⠚⠓⠒⠺⣳⠒⠲⢦⠲⢒⠲⠆⢻⡒⡲⠚⠗⠐⡲⢲⠰⢟⠶⠛⢔⠲⠚⠶⡻⠐⠒⠒⢒⠖⡶⠓⢖⠿⠖⠒⠒⣲⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⡖⠢⠰⠓⡖⠺⡗⠖⠲⡲⠲⠒⢖⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⢖⠒⠒⠒⠺⣦⡄⠚⠒⡗⠐⢐⠘⢷⡄⠑⠒⢲⡓⠊⢲⣷⢰⡒⠚⣳⠒⠺⠂⠒⠊⢲⡆⡔⠓⠒⡗⠓⠖⠒⠘⢿⠒⠒⠃⡖⠑⠒⠓⣶⠒⡖⠓⢲⠓⠒⠒⠓⠲⡆⠊⢺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠚⠋⠛⠋⡛⡏⠙⢻⠙⠒⠋⡟⢩⠛⠛⠛⠋⠓⠚⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠓⠛⡟⠛⠛⡟⠋⠛⠛⢻⠛⠊⠙⡟⡛⠋⢻⢉⠛⠋⡏⣻⠉⠛⢻⠙⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣌⣩⣁⣡⣕⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⠉⣉⣉⢻⡉⣉⣁⡉⣹⣈⣇⣉⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⣙⣇⣄⣁⣉⣊⣉⣍⣁⣁⣉⣏⣉⣉⣋⣉⣉⣉⣏⣹⣈⣉⡍⣉⣹⣈⣙⣸⣉⣁⣉⣉⣉⡙⣇⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣄⣈⣇⡈⣀⣈⣯⣊⣉⣀⣀⣄⣾⡠⣊⣿⣀⣠⣐⣿⡴⣁⣈⣈⣊⣀⣉⣻⣈⣋⣀⢀⣹⣀⣽⣈⣈⣁⣈⣉⣈⣈⣉⣻⣀⣇⣁⣈⣇⣈⣡⣇⣈⣀⣹⣉⣈⣌⣉⣸⣇⣌⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣦⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣬⣤⣤⣤⣠⣅⣤⣤⣤⣠⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⢿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⢿⠿⡿⡿⠿⢿⢿⣿⠿⡿⡿⡿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⢿⣿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠄⡤⠀⠤⠴⢽⠠⡹⠸⠠⠧⣄⠲⢥⠹⠤⡄⢾⠔⠥⠠⢠⣼⣤⣾⣴⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣽⣧⣤⣦⣧⣤⣤⣤⣽⣤⣦⣤⣧⣷⣤⣤⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣴⣧⣼⣤⣴⣤⣤⣧⣤⣼⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⢟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠙⠛⡎⠛⠛⠛⠚⡟⢛⠋⡏⠉⠋⢹⠙⢛⡏⠛⢻⠛⠛⠋⠉⠛⠛⡗⢹⠁⠛⠛⠓⠋⠛⠛⠛⠀⢻⠛⠛⠓⢾⠙⢉⠉⡟⠛⠛⡏⠊⠛⣟⠓⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⢻⠛⡛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡉⠉⢉⡍⠉⠉⡏⢉⢹⡉⠉⣹⠉⠉⠏⡉⣟⠈⣏⢉⠉⡏⠉⣉⢍⣏⠉⡏⠉⢋⢹⣋⣉⠉⠉⡏⢉⣙⢹⣉⢹⡊⡉⣟⠉⠉⠋⠙⣼⠛⠉⡉⢽⡏⢉⠉⠉⠩⡃⠉⠉⣩⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠻⡛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢿⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⠛⡛⣿⠛⠛⣿⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⢻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠑⠒⡆⠚⠒⠒⠒⠑⠚⠒⠊⠓⢲⠚⠓⢒⠛⠒⢲⠒⢛⠒⠐⠒⠓⠛⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠏⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠹⠈⠉⠋⠉⠉⠈⠉⠫⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠏⠉⠹⠉⠉⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣸⣀⣀⣠⣰⣀⣀⣂⣀⣇⣀⣈⣌⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣊⣀⣀⣸⣀⣀⣁⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣅⣁⣠⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⢿⢿⢿⠿⢿⡿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠤⠦⠼⠧⠸⠧⣤⠤⠼⢣⢤⠠⠌⠧⡤⠤⠼⠧⠄⠤⠄⢤⠠⠠⠤⠧⠤⢤⡄⠀⢤⡬⠿⠆⢤⠠⠆⠤⠟⠤⠄⡦⠸⠧⠤⠤⠤⠤⠠⠠⠄⢤⡟⠤⢤⠄⠤⠟⢤⠼⠣⠦⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠲⠶⠖⠖⠶⠔⣿⡖⠲⢢⠛⠶⢶⠶⠷⠶⠖⠾⠶⢶⡶⠟⡖⠲⠶⡖⠲⠢⣓⣶⡒⠓⢶⠒⠾⢶⠒⠶⠶⠴⠲⠷⢲⡶⠶⠖⣶⠒⠒⡶⠲⠾⣷⠳⠺⠶⠲⠲⠿⠶⠒⠶⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠓⠒⠒⠒⠲⣶⣾⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣾⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⢹⠉⢻⢉⠋⡏⢍⠍⡏⠙⡟⠋⠋⠉⢹⠉⠛⠉⡏⠙⡏⠙⠙⠉⠋⠋⠛⠋⠋⠹⠉⢻⢉⠋⡏⠙⠛⠛⠉⢿⢋⢟⠭⠉⠩⢹⠙⠛⠉⢻⠉⠋⠋⠙⢙⠙⢻⠉⢻⢙⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⢉⣉⡋⣉⡉⣉⣈⣩⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⡉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣀⣤⣸⠠⣦⣀⣀⣶⣀⣀⡄⡀⣀⡀⢆⣀⡇⢅⣅⡀⡒⣄⡀⣠⠸⢀⣸⣄⣄⣀⣄⣀⡀⢤⣄⡀⡀⣤⡀⣸⣠⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣈⣆⠀⢇⣠⣠⣸⠀⣀⣀⣐⣄⣀⡘⣇⣤⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⢼⣤⣤⡼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⢧⣤⢴⣧⡦⢤⣤⠤⠤⢤⣽⣧⠤⣤⣼⢤⢤⣤⠤⣧⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣷⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣠⣤⣿⣦⣦⣤⣷⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣴⣤⣧⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣠⣥⣤⣼⣴⣶⣤⣄⣬⣦⣦⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⠿⠛⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠙⠛⢛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠙⠛⠋⡟⠛⢻⠛⠋⠛⠙⠛⠛⡏⠛⢻⠙⠙⠉⢿⠛⠛⢻⠋⠛⠋⡛⠋⡏⠛⣻⠙⢉⠋⡟⠛⠛⢹⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠛⡟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡙⠉⢙⠘⠉⠙⠙⡉⠉⢹⠉⢩⠉⢻⠘⠉⢉⠙⠉⠉⠉⠙⠉⢻⠙⠉⡏⠝⠉⠙⠉⠙⠙⢹⠙⠉⠈⢉⠉⠙⢹⠉⠉⠉⣏⠙⠁⠋⠙⠙⠉⠉⠉⠋⠋⢿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣆⣉⣏⣉⣉⣸⣉⣉⣉⠉⣙⣁⣉⣁⣈⣉⣇⣉⣧⣀⣨⠉⣈⡉⣱⣀⣉⣉⣉⣹⣆⣉⢉⣁⣈⣉⣤⣻⣰⣉⣹⢉⣉⡁⣉⣁⣇⣹⣉⣉⠍⣏⣉⡉⣉⢉⣉⣈⣙⣷⣀⣁⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣁⡀⢭⣀⡈⣀⣾⣠⡨⢄⣷⣀⣀⣧⣂⣠⣸⣀⣀⣁⣀⣈⣸⢈⣀⢀⢁⣀⣀⣈⠻⣡⠑⣁⢀⢹⡇⡆⣹⡈⣈⢀⡀⠇⣙⣀⢀⣀⡀⠁⣀⡀⢐⣏⡀⣁⣄⣀⣀⣈⣀⣬⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣼⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣬⣄⣤⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣄⣄⣸⣤⣥⣤⣤⣄⣠⣼⣤⣴⣤⣭⣼⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣧⣧⣤⣧⣤⣄⣠⣥⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠟⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠢⠴⠾⢶⠶⠴⠷⠦⠶⠴⠷⠶⠶⠦⡶⠷⠦⠷⢶⠲⠦⠾⡖⠰⠶⢴⠒⠷⠶⠴⠦⠶⠶⢶⡶⠦⢶⠦⠾⠷⠲⣦⠾⠲⢦⠺⡦⠶⠦⠖⡴⠶⠴⡷⠶⠐⡦⠶⠴⣟⠖⠦⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠏⠒⣖⢞⠲⠖⡖⠖⠖⠒⠒⠃⢶⠒⠓⠖⠲⠒⠚⠒⠲⠒⠓⠲⠒⠞⠒⡖⠲⡞⠓⠲⠰⠚⠓⠖⠚⠒⠖⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣧⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣧⣴⣶⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡉⠙⠋⡏⠻⠛⠛⣯⠛⠉⠛⢛⠉⠛⡏⠙⠛⠋⠛⢋⡍⡏⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⡟⠛⠙⢙⠛⠛⠙⠛⠋⠛⢻⠉⡟⠋⢹⠙⠛⡛⠛⠛⣻⡍⠛⠛⠛⢩⡏⡛⢹⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠉⠉⠉⣿⡉⠉⡉⣿⢉⡉⣿⣉⠉⡉⢻⢋⢋⠉⢉⣜⢹⡋⠉⠉⡏⠁⠘⡉⣏⢹⡋⠉⠉⢙⡇⢉⡏⢉⠉⠉⢻⣏⡍⣹⠉⣉⡏⡉⡉⠉⣹⢉⠉⢹⣉⣉⢹⠉⠉⢋⢸⡍⢙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣈⣁⣁⣉⣁⣿⢉⣉⣉⣉⣁⣘⣟⣈⣝⣏⣁⣈⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⡈⣹⣉⣠⡏⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣸⣏⣉⣈⣉⠉⣨⡉⣉⣻⣁⣉⣿⣉⣀⣉⣩⡏⣍⣉⣯⣉⣀⣿⣈⣉⣉⣹⣉⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣠⣨⣀⣀⣁⣀⣈⣀⣀⣇⣄⣅⣀⣈⣀⣘⣧⣀⣀⣀⣬⣇⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣐⣇⣀⣀⣿⣀⣀⣀⣻⣠⣠⣸⣆⣀⣁⣀⣇⣈⣀⣄⣽⣡⣀⣀⣯⣂⣠⣼⣇⣀⣀⣅⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣤⣄⣤⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣀⣼⣤⣤⣴⣠⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣼⣤⣴⣴⣤⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣤⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⠛⠟⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⡿⠛⠛⠛⠟⢻⣛⠻⠛⠛⠟⣿⠛⢿⡛⠛⠛⢻⠟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠻⡟⢟⠛⠻⢻⡟⢛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⢟⠻⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⠟⡿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠒⠒⠊⡙⠐⢲⠐⠐⠀⢶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣾⣷⣶⣾⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⡍⠋⠉⠩⠉⢙⠉⣏⡉⠉⡏⠉⠉⠉⠝⠉⠉⡍⢙⠉⠋⠉⠉⢉⢍⠉⢹⠉⢹⠉⠋⢹⠛⠉⡏⠉⠉⡏⡋⠉⠉⠉⡩⢉⢉⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢀⡄⣸⣧⣀⣀⡇⢀⣀⣸⣈⣀⣹⣀⣀⡡⣁⡀⡨⣄⣁⣈⣸⡀⡹⡀⣀⣻⣈⣌⣈⣁⣀⣀⣇⣈⣀⣈⣀⣐⣇⣈⣏⣀⣸⣀⣁⣈⣈⣀⣏⣀⣀⣸⣁⣈⣈⣀⣀⣀⣀⣡⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣤⣄⣠⣤⣼⣦⣤⣤⣰⣤⣤⣤⣼⣤⣤⣠⣧⣧⣤⣼⣤⣧⣤⣤⣤⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⠿⡿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⢿⡿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡧⠦⠤⠤⠬⠽⣧⠢⠤⢤⠦⠤⢤⠷⠤⡄⢤⠤⠤⡤⠀⠛⠤⢤⠼⠣⠤⠤⢴⠤⠬⠷⠥⠤⠤⠤⢤⠴⠤⠿⠦⢤⡄⠠⠄⣷⠤⠤⠤⠤⢼⠤⠤⢠⠤⠤⠧⠿⠤⠼⠿⠦⠤⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠚⢶⠒⠶⠲⡞⠖⡶⠚⠶⠶⠺⠳⠖⠳⠲⠒⡖⠷⠒⣶⠒⠾⠶⡖⠖⠶⠺⡖⠲⠲⡖⠖⠶⠆⢴⠶⢲⠖⠒⠖⠗⡶⠂⠘⢐⡖⠶⠲⠺⠖⠷⡾⠲⠲⠒⡖⠘⢶⡶⠒⠖⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⠚⠒⠒⠐⡗⠒⠓⠒⠒⠒⢲⣴⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣿⣶⣶⣼⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣾⣷⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣷⣶⣾⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣻⣿⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢛⢿⣿⣿⢿⡿⠛⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⡿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣯⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⢿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣻⣻⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣯⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣍⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢛⣻⣿⣟⣟⣟⣙⣛⣿⣿⣟⣙⣻⣛⣻⣛⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣯⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣏⣟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣼⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣼⣾⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣹⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣻⣯⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣹⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 766 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/graft-as-bribes/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/07/05/graft-as-bribes/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_Bribing_Our_Representatives_at_Our_Expense⠀✐ Posted in Europe, Patents at 2:27 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Battistelli: And they voted for me After I bribed all of them⦈ Summary: Benoît_Battistelli and António_Campinos has fostered a culture of crime at the EPO and the people who let them go on are in fact part of the crime ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⠶⣶⡶⠆⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⡶⠆⣶⡆⣶⢪⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⡇⣿⣷⣿⡇⣿⡷⡎⡸⣿⡏⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡇⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⡝⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⠷⢶⣶⠷⢶⣶⠶⠶⠶⣶⠶⠷⣶⠾⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡦⠀⠀⠀⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡇⣾⡟⣿⡆⠿⣿⡿⢺⣿⠿⡀⣿⡟⣷⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣡⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⡇⣿⣇⣿⠇⣿⡇⣿⡇⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⠶⠀⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢀⢿⣧⣿⢇⡇⣿⡇⢸⣿⣬⡅⣿⣧⣿⢇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠿⠷⢶⡶⠿⠷⣶⠶⠿⠷⣶⣾⡷⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⢿⡧⠀⠀⠌⠙⢿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⡟⡃⣾⡟⣿⡆⣿⡟⣿⡎⣿⢸⣿⣇⣾⣿⡇⣿⡟⣃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣼⣀⣀⡀⠀⢀⣼⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⡷⠆⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡗⣿⡅⣿⢸⣿⣿⡟⣿⡇⣿⡷⢆⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⢿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢶⣶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡇⣿⡇⣇⢿⣧⡿⠃⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⢸⡇⣿⡇⣿⣷⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢾⣿⣿⡿⠁⠿⠿⠁⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣷⣶⣷⣾⣶⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠁⣴⣦⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣤⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣧⣶⣤⠀⠀⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢫⣽⡛⢟⣛⡻⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣾⢿⡇⢸⣿⠛⡛⣿⡟⢳⣶⠶⢰⣦⣤⡄⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⢾⡇⣸⡟⣣⢡⣿⢸⢸⡿⠆⣸⣯⣾⠇⠀⢸⡿⠀⢸⣿⢻⣷⢸⣶⢶⡆⢰⡄⢠⣤⣄⡀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣭⣥⣬⣧⣛⣣⣿⡸⠿⣈⠿⣧⡅⣿⡇⣿⠁⠀⣿⡇⠀⢸⡟⣻⡇⣸⡿⣾⡃⣿⡇⣾⣇⣿⠇⣿⡏⠃⣿⡟⣷⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢫⣭⡍⢟⣛⢻⢟⣲⣶⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠙⠃⠀⠛⠳⠿⠃⠿⠇⣿⢃⣿⠃⣿⣃⣿⢀⣿⠛⢠⣿⢰⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣤⣤⣌⠙⣿⣿⠇⣾⢻⡇⢸⣿⠸⣼⡏⡟⠀⣴⡟⣷⡄⣶⣦⡄⠀⣤⣄⣀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠘⠛⠛⠘⠿⠾⠟⠀⣀⣤⣠⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣾⣿⠟⢸⣿⢾⣇⣼⣏⠀⣿⡇⠁⠀⣿⢃⣿⢁⣿⣧⠀⠀⢸⣿⠉⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡿⠆⣶⣶⢰⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⠁⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠟⢙⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⣤⣤⣬⣭⣉⠛⠃⠛⠛⠀⠈⠿⣼⠟⢸⣿⠀⠀⠀⣼⡇⠀⣿⢻⣿⢠⣿⠷⢠⣿⣿⡿⣿⠀⠀⢀⡔⢋⣿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⡡⠤⠀⠐⠚⠁⣸⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠘⠛⠘⠻⠸⠿⠶⢸⡏⣿⢳⣿⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣽⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣥⣼⣟⡀⠀⢀⡈⠀⠀⠁⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⡽⢿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⡿⢙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣩⡆⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⣀⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 828 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/irc-log-040722/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/07/05/irc-log-040722/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Monday,_July_04,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:52 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-040722.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-040722.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-040722.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-040722.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmbELo9EMyZRg4dX8bPkkxtiZ6tFA4hsbDYfEK9wRnaPkR #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmPkz3Z52kEzCe1f5LWTGusYWrpa8p2hM4Fy93XVhh3keH (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmfDa7xhL4X3k1aVxtQwNxFnikVrGhAxgksbwwHQ5RcXz1 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmQSpATDHJoSq2P3sFZTRhgvQcD1T1TYQsLgyxxwSW8RJ6 social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmcCPFyPnLANSkzjTEzc39PwH8StwX22ZtKvr7fm6fr7jv #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmekChVGNKuorPjKgR5P8LPenXKksDsdzT34uevTAtksyJ (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmUhhejvJNJTDLsiLWHVDz5LqxhoKAEC4CAYkeu1u5acma #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmSVQxnteSx3DY2nDeTcifCL4jQDag1hhHwHp42mD4FEy7 (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): Qmf7RX5zTm8khR5YEXJ6a48wsPiHG9zDm63S7nvMHXK1PE ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 955 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/07/05/widening-gap/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/07/05/widening-gap/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_20%_Gap:_Android_(Linux-Powered)_Exceeds_46%,_Windows_Down_to_26%⠀✐ Posted in GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Windows at 3:55 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Windows_at_26_percent⦈_ The image above, based on a_survey_of_3_million_Web_sites, shows the direction in which things are generally heading Summary: The corporate media isn’t mentioning this (nor does it mention Windows holes as often as it mentions “Linux” in relation to minor bugs or misattributed holes), but Windows share relative to other operating systems is rapidly decreasing ⠀⢀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⡀⠀⠀ ⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀ ⠀⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1007 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_05/07/2022:_Qubes_OS_4.0_EOL⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 6:42 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Audiocasts/Shows o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o New_Releases o BSD o SUSE/OpenSUSE o Arch_Family o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers o Licensing_/_Legal o Programming/Development # Perl_/_Raku * Leftovers o Science o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing o Internet_Policy/Net_Neutrality o Monopolies # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Technical # Programming * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Web Pro News ☛ Linux_Distro_Reviews:_Intro⠀⇛ This series of articles will review some of the most popular Linux distributions (distros) with an eye to everyday desktop use. Linux has been growing in popularity as an alternative to Windows and macOS, especially for users that want privacy, security, and control over how their data is used. Linux is also unencumbered by Microsoft’s TPM requirements, making it a good option for hardware left behind by Windows 10 or Windows 11. The fact that Linux, and most of the software running on it, is entirely free is yet another bonus. # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ StarFighter:_A_Linux_Laptop_with_a_4K_10-bit_IPS Display_is_Coming_Soon⠀⇛ We’ve had numerous Linux-exclusive laptops from manufacturers like Star Labs, TUXEDO, and others. However, only a handful of them focused on providing a great display. For instance, TUXEDO’s Infinitybook Pro 14 featured a 3K display. And, it was a nice offering. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Tux Digital ☛ 285:_To_Ship_Or_Not_To_Ship_Software?_– Destination_Linux_–_TuxDigital⠀⇛ This week’s episode of Destination Linux, we’re going to be discussing how soon is too soon to ship software. Then we will be discussing Thunderbird 102 and all of it’s new gizmos and gadgets. Plus, we have our tips/tricks and software picks. All this and more coming up right now on Destination Linux to keep those penguins marching! # ⚓ Late_Night_Linux_–_Episode_184_–_Late_Night_Linux⠀⇛ The community gets angry about GitHub Copilot, Félim gets angry about email, Firefox continues to improve, drawers fill up with more Raspberry Pis, KDE shines as ever, and more. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ Linux_Mint_21_Backgrounds⠀⇛ Today we are looking at Linux Mint 21 beautiful backgrounds and how to download them and use them as you like. I have a feeling that we can expect Linux Mint 21 Beta to arrive in about a week’s time as changing the backgrounds are normally one of the last things they do before releasing the beta release. Enjoy! # ⚓ Video ☛ Linux_Mint_21_Backgrounds_Slideshow_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at the beautiful backgrounds of the upcoming Linux Mint 21. # ⚓ Video ☛ Are_Terminal_File_Managers_Really_Worth_The_Effort? –_Invidious⠀⇛ I’m a big fan of terminal file managers and I think you should at least give them a try but are they really worth the effort. o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ Linux_Release_Roundup_#22.27:_Vim_9.0,_Firefox 102,_Darktable_4.0,_and_More_Releases⠀⇛ Vim 9.0 is a massive upgrade with a new script language and fundamental changes to the syntax to get closer to common programming languages. # ⚓ Ubuntubuzz ☛ Statistical_Analysis_Software_on_Ubuntu_(Free and_Open_Source_SPSS_Alternatives)⠀⇛  For students and academic people who use Ubuntu, especially those who meet statistics, you will likely ask for IBM SPSS alternatives that run on Ubuntu. There are several Free and Open Source software packages for statistical analysis available and they can help you switch from SPSS, Excel or SAS. Descriptive, ANOVA, Bayesian and other analysis methods are supported built-in. By this article we want to introduce LibreOffice Calc, GNU R, JASP and Jamovi. # ⚓ Linux Links ☛ 6_Best_Free_and_Open_Source_.NET_Static_Site Generators⠀⇛  LinuxLinks, like most modern websites, is dynamic in that content is stored in a database and converted into presentation-ready HTML when readers access the site. While we employ built-in server caching which creates static versions of the site, we don’t generate a full, static HTML website based on raw data and a set of templates. However, sometimes a full, static HTML website is desirable. Because HTML pages are all prebuilt, they load extremely quickly in web browsers. There are lots of other advantages of running a full, static HTML website. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ uni Toronto ☛ Why_an_empty_(executable)_file_is_generally true_in_Unix⠀⇛ A shell that doesn’t claim to be POSIX compatible doesn’t have to have this ‘pass files to sh’ behavior, but if it lacks it, some number of random programs will probably fail to get run some of the time. On the whole I suspect that most alternate shell authors implement the behavior for compatibility. # ⚓ uni Toronto ☛ Filesystems_versus_general_tree_structures⠀⇛ More broadly, I think it’s a mistake to look at filesystems through the eyes of general tree structures. Filesystems originated in a very constrained situation and continue to be focused on fairly constrained one, one where any indirect reference to something is very slow and the less that you need to access the better. # ⚓ TecMint ☛ How_to_Open,_Extract_and_Create_RAR_Files_in Linux⠀⇛ RAR is the most popular tool for creating and extracting compressed archive (.rar) files. When we download an archive file from the web, we required a rar tool to extract them. RAR is available freely under Windows operating systems to handle compressed files, but unfortunately, rar tool doesn’t pre-installed under Linux systems. # ⚓ TecMint ☛ Monitorix_–_A_Linux_System_and_Network_Monitoring Tool⠀⇛ Monitorix is an open-source, free, and most powerful lightweight tool designed to monitor system and network resources in Linux. It regularly collects system and network data and displays the information in graphs using its own web interface (which listens on the port 8080/TCP). Monitorix allows for monitoring overall system performance and also helps in detecting bottlenecks, failures, unwanted long response times, and other abnormal activities. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Why_I_love_Tig_for_visualizing_my_Git workflows⠀⇛ If you find navigating your Git repositories frustratingly complex, have I got the tool for you. Meet Tig. Tig is an ncurses-based text-mode interface for Git that allows you to browse changes in a Git repository. It also acts as a pager for the output of various Git commands. I use this tool to give me a good idea of what’s been changed in which commit by whom, the latest commit merged, and so much more. Try it for yourself, starting with this brief tutorial. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ Manage_your_files_in_your_Linux_terminal with_ranger⠀⇛ The most basic way to look at your files and folders is to use the commands ls and ll. But sometimes, I want to see not just the file metadata but also the contents of a file at a glance. For that, I use ranger. If you love working out of your console and using Vim or Vi, and you don’t want to leave your terminal for any reason, ranger is your new best friend. Ranger is a minimal file manager that allows you not only to navigate through the files but also to preview them. Ranger comes bundled with rifle, a file executor that can efficiently choose programs that work with a given file type. # ⚓ Ubuntubuzz ☛ How_To_Install_JASP_(an_SPSS_Alternative)_on Ubuntu_22.04_and_Later⠀⇛ This article will explain in step by step to install JASP free software on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish. With this, you will have a Libre and Open Source alternative to SPSS, the statistical analysis program used in universities. Let’s install it. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_install_Apache_ActiveMQ_on_Ubuntu_and Debian_Servers⠀⇛ Today you will learn how to install Apache ActiveMQ on Ubuntu and Debian Servers Apache ActiveMQ is a free, open-source, multi- protocol message broker software written in Java. It supports standard industry protocols that can be used for communication between two separate applications that may have different or incompatible languages. It is designed for high performance communication and clustering and it also supports wide-range of language clients such as C, C++, Python, Ruby. It supports protocol like AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) to integrate multi-platform applications and STOMP (Simple Text Orientated Messaging Protocol) for exchanging messages between web applications over websockets # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Nginx_–_Rate_Limiting⠀⇛ In this article, we’re going to see how to apply rate limiting to our websites using Nginx. Rate limiting can be an effective way to prevent denial of service attacks as well as throttle brute force attempts for pages like login forms. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Manage_MySQL_with_Ansible⠀⇛ MySQL with Ansible is an open-source automation tool that automates provisioning, configuration management, application deployment, orchestration, and many other manual IT processes. Unlike more simplistic management tools, Ansible users (like system administrators, developers, and architects) can use Ansible automation to install software, automate daily tasks, provision infrastructure, improve security and compliance, patch systems, and share automation across the entire organization. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Nginx_–_Improving_TLS_Configuration⠀⇛ In my previous article, I covered using self-signed certificates to achieve a basic HTTPS connection with our Nginx instance. Today, we’re going to expand upon our configuration covering the various options we can (and some of them, we should) apply to optimize and further secure the TLS connections. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ Ntopng_High-Speed_Web-based_Traffic_Analysis_and Flow_Collection_installation⠀⇛ ntopng is the next generation version of the original ntop, a network traffic probe that monitors network usage. ntopng is based on libpcap/ PF_RING and it has been written in a portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform, MacOS and on Windows as well. ntopng – yes, it’s all lowercase – provides a intuitive, encrypted web user interface for the exploration of realtime and historical traffic information. # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_install_Cockpit_web_console_on_Ubuntu 22.04⠀⇛ Cockpit is a web console utility that allows you to manage your server with ease, it is a essential tool when it comes to managing your server. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_FNF:_SIMPGIRL_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install FNF: SIMPGIRL on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/ audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ LinuxSecurity ☛ How_To_Hide_Your_IP_And_Keep_From_Being Tracked⠀⇛ While the internet provides many benefits, it also brings new risks and challenges. One of the most common and notable of these is the threat to our privacy. Some users might think that they are protected by their browser, search engine and antivirus programs. However, the truth is that most of us aren’t doing nearly enough to keep websites from tracking us. # ⚓ MakeTech Easier ☛ How_to_Use_the_Google_Password_Manager_in Chrome⠀⇛ o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ NVIDIA_driver_515.57_and_Vulkan_Beta 515.49.06_out_now⠀⇛ Multiple driver updates have been released by NVIDIA for Linux recently so here’s a look at what’s new in each. # ⚓ Positech Games ☛ What_income_can_you_get_from_your_old indie_PC_games?_–_Cliffski’s_Blog⠀⇛ Because of the sheer bloody-minded determination to stick around, it turns out I have been making commercial aimed games since 1997, and therefore I have ended up with a big bunch of older titles that still run on most PCs, and can still generate revenue. have I perhaps become the ‘long-tail- indie’ just out of sheer hanging around? Could it be that actually positech games is self-sustaining on the basis of really old games, that although they do not sell much each, combined they add up to a tidy sum? I’ll be honest, I have no idea how much those older games make without digging into the data, but I thought either way it might be interesting, so here goes. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ itch.io_are_hosting_a_big_Indie_Bundle_for Abortion_Funds⠀⇛ With the recent overturning of Roe v. Wade in the USA that threatens to remove access to abortions a bunch of indie developers have pulled together to make an Indie Bundle for Abortion Funds on itch.io. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Play_as_a_sarcastic_cow_in_the_comedy adventure_A_Trail_of_Ooze⠀⇛ A Trail of Ooze is an upcoming comedy adventure where you take on the role of a sarcastic cow who attempts to find their missing human farmer. It honestly sounds quite hilarious and the story sounds like something that I feel I need to play through. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Denuvo_announced_Denuvo_SecureDLC_to protect_DLC⠀⇛ Denuvo is not exactly something any gamer I’ve ever seen be happy about and now it’s growing and will likely appear in more games, with the announcement of Denuvo SecureDLC. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Aerofly_FS_4_Flight_Simulator_live_on_Steam with_Linux_support⠀⇛ Aerofly FS 4 Flight Simulator from developer IPACS is out now on Steam with Native Linux support, offering up an expansive flight sim experience. This follows on from Aerofly FS 2 Flight Simulator that released originally in 2017, with a Native Linux version of that one that arrived back in 2020 so it’s nice to see continued support. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Feartress_is_a_new_incremental_city- building_RPG_in_Early_Access⠀⇛ Feartress is a bit of a quirky one. Blending together elements of an idle RPG with some small city-building that sees you go through different dimensions. I’m really not sure on the best way to describe this one, it’s just odd but it has a pretty nice idea to play through. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Worthy_of_Better,_Stronger_Together_for Reproductive_Rights_bundle_live_on_itch.io⠀⇛ A second bundle (yes there’s two) supporting people in the USA following the overturning of Roe v. Wade is live on itch.io with the Worthy of Better, Stronger Together for Reproductive Rights bundle. The other is the Indie Bundle for Abortion Funds covered in a previous article. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Desktopia_is_a_city-builder_that_runs_along the_bottom_of_your_desktop⠀⇛ Desktopia: A Desktop Village Simulator seems like quite a unique idea for a city-builder, also a fun distraction to have open on your desktop. Instead of giving you a big full-screen window, the game sits along the bottom of your screen allowing you to carry on with whatever you’re doing while also keeping an eye on your little people. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Qubes_OS_4.0_reaches_EOL_on_2022-08-04_|_Qubes_OS⠀⇛ Qubes OS 4.0 is scheduled to reach end-of-life (EOL) on 2022-08-04 — one month from the date of this announcement. o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ Absolute64-20220701_released⠀⇛ Vivaldi is the default browser, but Firefox still installed. Kind-of UN-UNIXy… but what can I do? I want the speed and customization of Vivaldi, but I want old and slow, Mr dependable to hang around. I let Vivaldi block trackers internally but use ublock origin as an ad blocker. TIP: To Drag-N-Drop a link from Vivaldi into AROX, you left-click, hold and start drag VERTICALLY-ONLY, then you can drop link into arox window. (I thought someone online was joking when I first read about it 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇:-)⦈ o § BSD⠀➾ # ⚓ BSD_Journey:_The_Plan⠀⇛ The plan for my BSD Journey series of posts is to explore the use of BSD, and primarily FreeBSD, as a desktop system. While I work in IT and am comfortable wiping my systems and installing all sorts of operating systems, that’s not something most people do. There are certainly some technical hurdles for your regular desktop user that would need to be overcome if they are not used to installing operating systems, but I’m putting that to the side. Let’s assume the user has a technical friend that can get them set up and they just went a system to do some common things. I’ll explore some more technical things like virtualisation as well. # ⚓ [Old] Journey_into_FreeBSD⠀⇛ I know from years of Linux use that sometimes it is hard to find something that matches the quality of software available for the Mac and Windows, so I’m aware of the problems I’ll face. That’s fine though. I’m here to explore and see where things are good and bad, and enjoy that journey. o § SUSE/OpenSUSE⠀➾ # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ SUSE_Rancher_removes_roadblocks_to transformation⠀⇛ o § Arch Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ Pacman_Package_Manager_for_Arch-Based Distributions⠀⇛  The pacman is a package manager for arch-based distributions such as Manjaro, EndeavourOS, ArcoLinux, etc. If you have tried Ubuntu or Debian, you may already know that the apt package manager is the default for all Debian-based distributions. The role of the package manager is to provide users with an option to manage package installation, updates, removal, etc. pacman is also one of the package managers for arch-based distributions, providing you with the combination of binary package format with an easy-to-use build system. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Ubuntu_22.10_Introduces_a_New_“Ubuntu_Desktop” Settings_Panel⠀⇛ A new settings panel in Ubuntu 22.10, “Kinetic Kudu”, consolidates the desktop options. Here’s how it looks. # ⚓ Ubuntu_Weekly_Newsletter_Issue_742⠀⇛ Welcome to the Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter, Issue 742 for the week of June 26 – July 2, 2022. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ ROCK_5B_developer_edition_preview_–_Part_1: Unboxing_and_first_boot_to_Debian_11⠀⇛  Radxa ROCK5 Model B (aka ROCK 5B) is one of the most anticipated Rockchip RK3588 single board computers due to its features set and relatively affordable price. It was first showcased in January, but it’s taking a while as the Cortex-A76/ A55 SoC is a complex beast. The good news is that the public launch is getting closer as Radxa sent “developer edition” samples to developers and enthusiasts for a “debug party”. I was one of the recipients so, in this post, I’ll have a closer look at the latest revision of the board, and give it a quick try first before going into more details in the second of this preview. I received the 16GB RAM version which should be the same for all board part of the “developer edition batch. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Moteus_Open_Source_BLDC_Controller_Gets_Major Upgrade⠀⇛ [Josh Pieper] of mjbots Robotic Systems just released a major revision to his moteus open sourced brushless DC (BLDC) electric motor controller. The update adds a flexible I/ O subsystem which significantly expands the kinds of feedback encoders and peripherals the controller can accept. In the video below the break, [Josh] walks through eleven different example configurations. If you prefer, these examples are also presented in article form on his blog. # ⚓ Old VCR ☛ A_brief_dive_into_Power_Mac_INITs_and_NVRAM scripts,_or,_teaching_Mac_OS_9_new_device_tricks⠀⇛ Although I’d much rather use a real Power Mac, and of emulators I tend to use my own bespoke hopped-up fork of SheepShaver for the POWER9 CPU with my daily driver, QEMU is still important for Mac OS 9 emulation because it handles the full system rather than the quasi-paravirtualization approach of SheepShaver. Indeed, certain classes of application can only run in that context. # ⚓ Arduino ☛ This_device_predicts_when_a_refrigerator_might fail_using_embedded_ML_|_Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ The refrigerator is one of the centerpieces in a modern kitchen, and experiencing a loss in cooling can lead to hundreds or even thousands of dollars of spoiled goods. Perhaps even more importantly, a sudden loss of medications or vaccines that heavily rely on refrigeration can heave a big impact on the people that need them. Swapnil Verma wanted to solve this problem, so he came up with an idea to incorporate a simple machine learning model into a device that could monitor for failures. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 3_Best_Ways_to_Check_and_Recover_Clipboard_History_on_an Android_phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Paranoid_Android_Sapphire_Beta_2_is_now_available_for three_OnePlus_devices⠀⇛ # ⚓ Nokia_G10_receiving_Android_12_in_India_&_other_markets with_a_new_build_+_June_Security_update_–_Nokiapoweruser⠀⇛ # ⚓ SamMobile ☛ Samsung_Galaxy_A02s_Android_12_update_(One_UI 4.1)_has_been_released_–_SamMobile⠀⇛ # ⚓ Geeky Gadgets ☛ HTC_A101_Android_tablet_gets_official_– Geeky_Gadgets⠀⇛ # ⚓ Dignited ☛ How_to_boot_Android_TV_or_Google_TV_into_Safe Mode_–_Dignited⠀⇛ # ⚓ TechRadar ☛ Leaked_OnePlus_10T_price_could_make_this upcoming_Android_phone_a_tough_sell_|_TechRadar⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pocket Now ☛ Samsung_is_still_the_top_dog_in_Android_land. Here’s_why_|_Pocketnow⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Paranoid_Android_Sapphire_Beta_2_comes_to OnePlus_7/7T_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ Paranoid_Android_Beta_2_is_here,_starting with_three_older_OnePlus_phones⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ The_Razer_Kishi_V2_for_Android_–_console quality_controls_for_mobile_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Tired_of_the_Modern_Web?_Try_the_‘Gemini’_protocol⠀⇛ Gemini is a relatively new (the project started in 2019) internet protocol. The main idea was to make the communication protocol as simple as possible, with a clear and secure design, without heavy pages and tons of scripts running in the browser. Can it really work this way? Let’s just try and see how it is going! But before reading this article further, I highly recommend reading the first part to have a better understanding of some ideas which inspired Gemini developers for their work. Readers can also visit the official project page https:// gemini.circumlunar.space. By the way, many names in the project (CAPCOM, Spacewalk, Lunar, etc) were taken from NASA’s Project Gemini. For me, it looks a bit confusing because the project itself has nothing in common with NASA, astronomy or long- distance communications, but if you like space and space programs, it can be fun anyway. Before we begin, a small disclaimer: I am not affiliated with the Gemini project in any way and this article is not an advertisement. I’ve just tried it, as any other user can do, all I write below is my own opinion. # ⚓ Bryan Lunduke ☛ Ladybird:_A_truly_new_Web_Browser_(with_a from-scratch_engine)_comes_to_Linux⠀⇛ Well, my good sirs and madams, you are in luck! Andreas Kling — the evil genius and mastermind of the Serenty OS project — has just ported the Serenty OS web browser to Linux using Qt! # ⚓ Stable_Channel_Update_for_Desktop⠀⇛ Note: Access to bug details and links may be kept restricted until a majority of users are updated with a fix. We will also retain restrictions if the bug exists in a third party library that other projects similarly depend on, but haven’t yet fixed. o § Licensing / Legal⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ [Reposted]_Software_Freedom_Conservancy:_Give_Up GitHub:_The_Time_Has_Come!⠀⇛ The Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) has issued a strong call for free software projects to give up GitHub and to move their repositories elsewhere. There are a number of problems that SFC has identified with the GitHub code-hosting service and, in particular, with its Copilot AI-based code- writing tool that was trained on the community’s code stored in the company’s repositories. Moving away from GitHub will not be easy, SFC said, but it is important to do so lest the free-software community repeat the SourceForge mistake. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ Giving_Up_Decentralization:_Scalability Trilemma⠀⇛ The scalability trilemma states that blockchains must choose to optimize two of the three properties: [...] # ⚓ Idiomdrottning ☛ Good_book,_bad_language⠀⇛ Sometimes people who are stuck in a bad language need to develop discipline or structure or formalize their thinking since otherwise they’d be lost (since their language doesn’t let them create abstraction) and that can be interesting. It can also help us in langages that do have good metaprogramming facilities; there’s this old adage that most of the patterns in Design Patterns are like one line of Lisp (for example, why do you need Template Method or Visitor when you can just pass a proc… # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ A_Look_Into_My_Development_Stack⠀⇛ I’ve built a lot of developer tools (minikube and skaffold to name a few). But I’m often asked – what does my personal development stack look like? # ⚓ Game_of_Trees_-portable_0.73_released_July_4,_2022⠀⇛ This file details portable-specific changes to make things work on systems other than OpenBSD. # ⚓ Matt Rickard ☛ What_Comes_After_Git⠀⇛ Git was born from the collaboration problems in the Linux kernel. Nearly a decade later, new problems arose when Kubernetes (the operating system of the cloud) brought open-source collaboration to a new level. I saw the pain points of git (and GitHub) firsthand working on Kubernetes open-source. Will a new version control system (or something that solves similar problems) spring up? # § Perl / Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl ☛ German_Perl/Raku_Workshop_recordings_are online_|_Max_Maischein_[blogs.perl.org]⠀⇛ During the last days, we reviewed and cut the video recordings. The recordings are now available on the media platform of the CCC… * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Vice ☛ Deepfakes_Might_Be_Used_in_Remote_Job_Interviews,_FBI Warns⠀⇛ According to the FBI, they’ve received reports from people working in information technology and computer programming, database, and software related roles, claiming that job applicants are using deepfakes in video interviews. What these positions have in common is their ability to access customer information, financial data, corporate IT databases, and proprietary information. While the FBI has not shared statistics with the public, such as whether deepfakes are actually being used in these complaints, how many people allegedly using deepfakes are successfully recruited into the roles, and if any information has been compromised, it did report that people have claimed that private information has been stolen to create applicant’s fake identities, and pass pre-employment background checks. o § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Sci Tech Daily ☛ Harvard_Developed_[algorithm]_Identifies the_Shortest_Path_to_Human_Happiness⠀⇛ Deep Longevity has published a paper in Aging-US outlining a machine learning approach to human psychology in collaboration with Nancy Etcoff, Ph.D., Harvard Medical School, an authority on happiness and beauty. The authors created two digital models of human psychology based on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The first model is an ensemble of deep neural networks that predicts respondents’ chronological age and psychological well-being in 10 years using information from a psychological survey. This model depicts the trajectories of the human mind as it ages. It also demonstrates that the capacity to form meaningful connections, as well as mental autonomy and environmental mastery, develops with age. It also suggests that the emphasis on personal progress is constantly declining, but the sense of having a purpose in life only fades after 40-50 years. These results add to the growing body of knowledge on socioemotional selectivity and hedonic adaptation in the context of adult personality development. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ The Atlantic ☛ We_Created_the_‘Pandemicene’⠀⇛ The Iceberg study suggests that new spillovers will follow surprising rules. For example, the team assumed that these events would be concentrated in the Arctic because warming temperatures nudge animals toward higher, cooler latitudes. But if two species move northward in parallel, nothing changes. The real drama occurs, for instance, when animals seek higher, cooler altitudes, and when those living on opposite sides of a mountain meet in the middle. This means that spillovers will be concentrated not in the poles, but in the mountainous and species-rich parts of tropical Africa and southeast Asia. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Security Week ☛ Dutch_Uni_Gets_Cyber_Ransom_Money_Back… With_Interest⠀⇛ The southern Maastricht University in 2019 was hit by a large cyberattack in which criminals used ransomware, a type of malicious software that locks valuable data and can only be accessed once the victim pays a ransom amount. “The criminals had encrypted hundreds of Windows servers and backup systems, preventing 25,000 students and employees from accessing scientific data, library and mail,” the daily De Volkskrant said. o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Ruben Schade ☛ Australian_AG_Dreyfus_on_data_privacy law⠀⇛ And that’s what makes me nervous. The pattern among Western democracies over the last few decades has generally been to curtail, infringe, or backtrack on privacy, usually for concocted or overblown reasons. My mind goes nowhere positive when I hear a modern politician say they want to overhaul or improve privacy law! # ⚓ Port Swigger ☛ US_eye_clinic_suffers_data_breach impacting_92,000_patients⠀⇛ Mattax Neu Prater Eye Center announced the breach at the end of June, however the incident took place in December 2021. According to HIPAA, 92,361 individuals were impacted by the breach. Mattax Neu Prater, which provides surgical and non-surgical care, said that the “third - party data security incident” may have resulted in unauthorized access to the sensitive personal information of some patients. # ⚓ PIA ☛ The_Best_&_Worst_States_in_America_for_Online Privacy⠀⇛ Cybercrime in the US is expected to cost $10 trillion by 2025. In response to this and other factors, such as the increase in remote working and the cyberwar with Russia, the US has passed an increasing amount of cybersecurity legislation. Let’s take a look at what the US is currently doing on federal and state levels to protect your online privacy. I’ll also show you which states are best for online privacy and how you can protect your privacy if you live in one that falls short. # ⚓ SANS ☛ Encrypted_Client_Hello:_Anybody_Using_it Yet?⠀⇛ The first payload sent by a TLS client to a TLS server is a “Client Hello.” It includes several parameters supported by the client, such as available cipher suites, to start negotiating a compatible set of TLS parameters with the server. One particular option, the “Server Name Indication” (SNI), lists the hostname the client is looking for. The client hello is sent in the clear and has often been considered a privacy issue or, for some network defenders, the last straw to hold on to gain insight into TLS encrypted traffic. [...] ESNI solves a significant part of the client hello privacy problem. But other client-hello options may be used to fingerprint clients. Encrypting the entire client hello message is the next obvious option. This idea, Encrypted Client Hello (ECH), is currently an IETF draft [ECH]. The encrypted client hello options are wrapped into an unencrypted “Client Hello Outer” that is used as a vessel to transport the encrypted blob. This blob will look like any other client hello option to a server not capable of ECH. # ⚓ Engadget ☛ Russia_fines_Airbnb,_Twitch_and_Pinterest for_not_storing_data_locally_|_Engadget⠀⇛ Russia has fined Airbnb, Twitch and Pinterest for violating the country’s personal data legislation, Reuters reports. On Tuesday, a court in Moscow ordered all three companies to pay fines of 2 million roubles (approximately $37,700) for not storing the data of Russian citizens within the country. The decision came after Russia’s Roskomnadzor internet commission opened administrative cases against the three platforms in May. Airbnb, Twitch and Pinterest did not immediately respond to Engadget’s request for comment. # ⚓ The Age AU ☛ Banned_60_years_ago,_this_‘obscene’ Anzac_play_makes_its_Australian_debut⠀⇛ Wouldn’t it be exquisite if the first Australian performance of Peter Yeldham’s Reunion Day since it was written in 1961 was halted by a police raid? Yeldham’s screenplay, commissioned and broadcast by the BBC to critical acclaim and starring some of Australian theatre’s greatest alumni in 1962, is still subject to the censor’s ban which stopped it appearing on Australian screens 60 years ago. # ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Gravity_Falls_Creator_Shares_Disney’s Bananas_Censorship_Notes⠀⇛ For the 10th anniversary of the cult-favorite cartoon, Alex Hirsch revealed what he dealt with while making the show. # ⚓ Jacobin Magazine ☛ Facebook’s_Antiabortion_Censorship Is_a_Reminder_of_the_Perils_of_“Content_Moderation”⠀⇛ In the wake of the Supreme Court’s overturning of Roe v. Wade, Facebook has started censoring posts about mailing abortion pills. It’s a reminder that even if you support the idea of tech censorship now, sooner or later your views will be targeted. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ ANF_|_MSLA_co-director_Veysel_Ok_says ‘censorship_law’_will_affect_everyone⠀⇛ MSLA Co-director and lawyer Veysel Ok said: “The government is aware of the fact that journalists continue to do their work despite everything, and with this censorship law wants to further strengthen this control mechanism and monopolize information.” The General Assembly discussion of the ‘Draft Law Amending the Press Law and Some other Laws’, signed by AKP-MHP deputies to “fight disinformation”, has been postponed for the time being. For a while, journalists organized “no to the censorship law” actions in the field at the call of professional press organizations. Both the coming of this new law to the Parliament and the arrest of 16 Kurdish journalists in Amed while this law was being discussed in the Justice Committee showed how much freedom of the press is at risk. Media and Legal Studies Association (MSLA) co-director and lawyer Veysel Ok spoke to ANF about the law and why the government needs it. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ ANF_|_Journalist_Balıkçı_says ‘Disinformation_Law’_is_biggest_censorship_law_in_the history_of_Turkey⠀⇛ The law, which the AKP-MHP alliance calls “Disinformation Law”, but which will actually censor the press and media and actually impose self-censorship, aims to narrow the scope of journalism as much as possible. The fact that this law is being discussed and brought to the Parliament in a process where the pressures against the Kurdish press are on the agenda, is interpreted as an attack on the public’s right to receive information in general terms. Faruk Balıkçı, who has been working as a journalist in Amed for more than 30 years in different media, talked to ANF about the censorship law and similar previous de facto obstructions and bans. Balıkçı emphasized that if the censorship law is passed, the working conditions of journalists will be badly affected. Pointing out that freedom of the press is one of the indispensable conditions for democracy in a country, Balıkçı noted that in a country where the press is not free, democracy is either languishing or dead. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ ANF_|_Censorship_at_work:_access_to webpages_of_Voice_of_America_and_Deutsche_Welle blocked⠀⇛ After an application by the media authority, the Ankara 1sth Penal Judgeship of Peace yesterday (June 30) ruled for the “censorship” of the webpages of Voice of America and Deutsche Welle. The two websites have been blocked due to the two outlets’ failure to apply to the Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) for a license. The Information Technologies and Communications Authority (BIK) implemented the decision on Thursday. The authorities blocked the domains dw.com and amerikaninsesi.com, the web address of VOA’s Turkish service. Both the Turkish and English editions of DW are banned, whereas VOA’s English edition is accessible in Turkey at voiceofamerica.com. # ⚓ Journalists_protest_‘disinformation_bill’:_‘Greatest censorship_in_Turkey’s_history’⠀⇛ Journalists yesterday (June 21) protested the law proposal known as the “disinformation bill,” which includes new arrangements about social media and online news reporting. Members of 10 several journalism groups attended the demonstration organized by the Confederation of Progressive Trade Unions of Turkey (DİSK) Press Union in Şişhane in İstanbul’s Beyoğlu district. They opened a banner that read, “No to the law of silencing, intimidation and incarceration! The press is free, it cannot be censored.” The bill that passed the parliament’s Justice Committee last week introduces prison sentences of up to three years for spreading disinformation. It also expands the authority of the Presidency Communications Directorate on news outlets. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ Online_discussion_was swirling_in_response_to_reported_remarks_of_Beijing’s party_secretary.⠀⇛ Digital censors quickly deleted a hashtag “the next five years” Monday as online discussion swirled in response to reported remarks of Beijing’s Communist Party secretary saying that the capital city will normalize pandemic prevention controls over the course of the next five years. # ⚓ CNN ☛ Chinese_censors_scrub_internet_after_senior party_official_gives_speech_on_timeline_of_zero-Covid in_Beijing⠀⇛ Chinese censors scrambled to delete what appears to be a misleading quote by a senior Communist Party official published in state media Monday, which claimed the “zero-Covid” policy would remain in place in Beijing “for the next five years,” in an effort to tame an online backlash. # ⚓ US News And World Report ☛ U.S._Targets_Russia_With Tech_to_Evade_Censorship_of_Ukraine_News⠀⇛ # ⚓ NYPost ☛ Twitter_censors_Post_Editorial_Board_member for_months⠀⇛ A New York Post Editorial Board member has been blocked by Twitter for months, in what he says is punishment for the paper’s decision to publish Hunter Biden’s hard drive. # ⚓ CNET ☛ Spotify_Forms_Council_to_Advise_on_Safety Versus_Censorship_–_CNET⠀⇛ Spotify’s Safety Advisory Council comes after an artist backlash over COVID misinformation on Joe Rogan’s podcast. Spotify said Monday it has created a new Safety Advisory Council of experts and organizations focused on online safety. The council’s mission “is to help Spotify evolve its policies and products in a safe way” while still respecting creator expression. It’s a move to help Spotify navigate problems where freedom of expression is at odds with effectively policing the most objectionable or dangerous material on its service. That tension burst into public view earlier this year, when COVID-19 misinformation on Joe Rogan’s popular podcast stoked a handful of artists to pull their music off Spotify in protest. o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Frontpage Magazine ☛ The_Long_Jihad_against_Syria’s Christians⠀⇛ Such conflict and oppression had taken its toll over time on a Christian community that had once formed a majority in the Levant. Before the seventh-century Islamic conquests, Syria “had even been the ultimate Christian country. Saul, the persecutor of Christians and the future St. Paul, was touched by Christ’s grace on the road to Damascus,” Goodarzy writes. In Antioch, the “first church was built, and here the name Christian came into being.” # ⚓ Daniel Miessler ☛ Two_Americas_–_Daniel_Miessler⠀⇛ The US’s terminal conflict will be an internal one, fought between people who only see America’s flaws and those who pretend they don’t exist. And of course, both are wrong. # ⚓ DaemonFC (Ryan Farmer) ☛ If_you’re_a_gun_owner_in_Illinois, don’t_put_your_FOID_card_behind_your_driver’s_license._Bonus: Highland_Park_Mass_Shooting_–_BaronHK’s_Rants⠀⇛ I recently had an exchange of emails with Richard Stallman over the absurdity of gun control laws. # ⚓ ANF News ☛ Turkish_drones_target_Dêrik_and_Tel_Rifat⠀⇛ Turkish armed drones launched attacks on towns in Rojava on Tuesday morning. At around 6 am local time, a drone attacked a building in Tel Rifat. According to initial reports, there was property damage. In Dêrik, two vehicles were attacked by Turkish drones in the village of Xaneser. The destroyed vehicles are a truck and a car. Initial reports speak of several injured. # ⚓ Hong Kong Free Press ☛ Hong_Kong_police_to_set_up_security zones_for_Xi_Jinping’s_planned_visit_on_July_1,_drones banned⠀⇛ # ⚓ Futurism ☛ Local_Residents_Threaten_to_Shoot_Amazon_Drones Out_of_the_Sky⠀⇛ This is the latest in a long string of incidents in which shipping baron and death-defier Jeff Bezos’ e-commerce organization has received community resistance to Amazon endeavors. # ⚓ The Age AU ☛ Spanish_police_seize_underwater_drug-smuggling drones⠀⇛ Police in Spain have busted a gang allegedly building underwater drug drones # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Bloodbath’:_At_Least_6_Dead,_Dozens Wounded_in_Mass_Shooting_at_Illinois_July_4th_Parade⠀⇛ Panicked children and adults ran for their lives Monday as at least six people were killed and dozens more were wounded in a mass shooting that took place during a Fourth of July parade in the Chicago suburb of Highland Park. “Freedom to die at a holiday parade is not freedom.” o § Environment⠀➾ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Vice ☛ Texas_Supreme_Court_Rules_This_Train_Is_a Train⠀⇛ A state law enacted in 1907 allows “interurban electric railway” companies to use eminent domain to buy property in order to build rail lines. The lawsuit contends an aspiring bullet train company is neither an “interurban electric railway” nor a railroad company. Specifically, the landowner applied a “living Constitution”-style interpretation to the 1907 law that argues we must adapt old laws to modern technologies, arguing the framers of a 1907 law could not possibly have meant to include big, loud bullet trains that can impact hundreds or even thousands of people per journey, intending only to permit the use of single-car trolleys that have to be loaded one person at a time and can operate only in a slow, deliberate fashion. The technology has changed, the rural Texas farmer argued in court, and the law must change with it. But the Texas Supreme Court didn’t buy it. On Friday, it ruled in favor of the aspiring railroad company, sticking with a more Originalist interpretation of the law by sticking to the meaning of the words on the page. Initially, the lower court agreed with the landowner, finding Texas Central could not use eminent domain, a critical tool for building a 250-mile railroad through Texas. An appeals court overturned that ruling, and the Texas Supreme Court upheld that overturn. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ The Telegraph UK ☛ Feargal_Sharkey_warns_London_is ‘perilously_close’_to_running_out_of_drinking_water⠀⇛ In a 2020 report, the National Audit Office warned that “if more concerted action is not taken now, parts of the south and south east of England will run out of water within the next 20 years”, while the Committee on Climate Change identified water shortages as one of the five “priority risks” facing the UK. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Stacy on IoT ☛ Sustainability_is_driving_the_IoT_way_beyond ROI⠀⇛ Research firms agree. IDC recently issued a report noting that spending on ESG performance will grow to $158 billion in 2025, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 32.3 percent. Unfortunately, two-thirds of that spending will go to consulting services, according to IDC. That means less money for sensors and more money for figuring out how to get data, then how to adapt to and meet climate and governance goals. Another challenge is inflation. Research firm Omdia recently posted an article noting the demand for ESG spending is rising, but cautioned that concerns over inflation and demand for more energy might lead businesses to reduce their efforts in this sphere so as to ensure sustainable profits over sustainability. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Frontpage Magazine ☛ After_the_Oslo_Bloodbath⠀⇛ You had to go into the archives to discover just how hypocritical Qureshi’s statement was. He’s on the record as saying that all Muslims support the death penalty for gays. (For obvious strategic reasons, he’s since announced that gays who abstain from sex need not be executed.) As for Kobilica and IRN, get a load of what happened in 2009 when Yusuf al-Qaradawi, the world’s leading Islamic scholar, praised the Holocaust. Asked for a comment, IRN’s then Secretary General, Sultan Shoaib, referred reporters to Kobilica, who was then IRN’s head. Kobilica, in turn, passed the buck to the Islamic Association’s Basim Ghozlan, who declined to comment on Qaradawi’s remark because, he said, it was a “political statement.” # ⚓ Newsweek ☛ Ilhan_Omar_Booed_at_Somali_Music_Event_in Minneapolis⠀⇛ Longer clips shared on social media show the audience booed for at least a minute after Omar and her husband came up on stage. One video shared on Twitter has amassed more than a million views. The clip shows that some in the crowd chanted “Get out!” while others were heard yelling “get the f**k out of here!” # ⚓ Patrick Breyer ☛ Three_years_into_the_digital_fight_for freedom_in_Brussels_–_Pirates_matter!⠀⇛ The work of the Pirate movement in the European Parliament is characterised by our close cooperation and cross-border division of labour. I am also proud that we Pirates are now in the government in the Czech Republic and the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Digital Affairs are Pirates. This will be particularly helpful in the next six months, when the Czech Republic holds the EU Presidency and negotiates for the Council. One thing has been clear since my election: our fundamental rights and freedoms in the digital age are being attacked and dismantled across Europe. Industry, the EU Commission and the governments of the member states are responsible for this. And yet I was able to achieve successes in the fight against surveillance and screening mania. # ⚓ Green Party UK ☛ Labour_and_Tories_ignoring_disaster_of Brexit_out_of_own_self-interest,_Greens_warn⠀⇛ “At a time when the economic devastation caused by Brexit is becoming increasingly clear, and as public opinion is turning against the decision to leave the European Union, it is quite perverse of Keir Starmer to stick his head in the sand and insist he will make Brexit work.  # ⚓ Craig Murray ☛ The_UK’s_Fake_Politics⠀⇛ I found this list on the Facebook page of Anya Darr. The information in it checks out, and it is pretty startling. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Blue_MAGA’s_Big_Lie⠀⇛ Vote Blue No Matter Who Democrats (also known as Blue MAGAs) love to blame their party’s shortcomings and monumental incompetence on the left. The left is their boogeyman. They despise the left more than they hate the far right. Bernie Sanders, Ralph Nader and (inexplicably) the actress Susan Sarandon are Blue MAGAs’s favorite targets. Nader, because they blame his third party presidential run for Al Gore’s loss in 2000, just as Bernie gets blamed for Hillary’s inconceivable loss to Trump in 2016. They hate Sarandon because…well, because Blue MAGAs are completely irrational beings. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ What_Chesa_Boudin’s_Recall_Means_for_Children With_Incarcerated_Parents⠀⇛ On June 7, voters in San Francisco recalled District Attorney Chesa Boudin after less than two years in office. Like many advocates for criminal justice system reform, I was devastated. The commitment Boudin made to bringing an end to classist and racist prosecutorial practices inspired me, but his personal story touched me on a deeper level. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ MIT Technology Review ☛ China_wants_to_control_how_its famous_livestreamers_act,_speak,_and_even_dress⠀⇛ But many streamers, like Lawyer Longfei, are grappling with the Chinese government’s increasing willingness to weigh in on what’s acceptable. A new policy document, Code of Conduct for Online Streamers, released by China’s top cultural authorities on June 22, is designed to instruct streamers on what is expected from them. Having managed to operate under the radar in recent years, livestreamers are now facing the full force of China’s censorship machine. The Code of Conduct lists 31 categories of content that shouldn’t appear in online videos, ranging from violence and self-harm to more ambiguous concepts like religious teachings and showing off wealth. The guidelines also include rules on streamers’ looks, and it bans the use of deepfakes to crack jokes about China’s leadership. # ⚓ Sedaa ☛ The_Lady_of_Heaven:_Have_we_become_desensitised_to the_threat_posed_by_Islamists⠀⇛ In other words, the two are constantly blaspheming against each other; sectarianism is still rife (more on that later). Britain is a democratic country that prides itself on championing free speech. While these protestors have a right to express their views, this doesn’t give them a licence to make threats and harass people who wish to see a movie. Sadly, caving into the demands of the religious mobs has become the norm – starting from the backlash more than 30 years ago to Salman Rushdie’s novel Satanic Verses, widely perceived to be offensive to some Muslims. # ⚓ Medforth ☛ Norway:_Islamist_attack_on_critic_of_Islam posted_on_twitter_(VIDEO)⠀⇛ Norwegian police confirmed they had arrested two people, including the driver of the car accused of deliberately ramming the SUV of Lars Thoren, leader of the radical group Stop the Islamisation of Norway (Sian), until it eventually overturned on its roof. “We have every reason to believe that the Sian member’s car was deliberately rammed,” said the police in Oslo.Le Progrès # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Norwegian_Anti-Islam_Extremist_in_Car_Crash After_Burning_Quran⠀⇛ The SUV of the anti-Islam activists, painted in camouflage livery, then left the scene. But seconds later, it was overtaken by the Mercedes, which first hit it lightly and eventually hit it at speed, overturning the vehicle. The whole episode was filmed by someone following the car. # ⚓ India Times ☛ TV_Actor_Niharika_Tiwari_Might_Get_Police Protection_After_Death_Threats_Over_Udaipur_Beheading⠀⇛ For the unversed, Kanhaiya Lal Teli, a 46-year-old tailor was attacked and murdered at his own shop after Riaz Akhtari and Ghouse Mohammad, who posed as customers, murdered him brutally. Later, they posted videos online in which they claimed that their actions were in retaliation for an insult to Islam. # ⚓ The Print ☛ ‘Conflict_can’t_stop_me’_–_Kashmiri_influencers are_censoring,_lying_low,_but_won’t_go_offline⠀⇛ Social media stars in Kashmir are stuck between a rock and a hard place, Mahek says. There’s no “formula” for their safety. All they can do is lie low on social media after someone is killed, which many started doing after Amreena’s murder. And for the ones who continued to post, the process has become more time-consuming. This is what sets them apart from influencers outside Kashmir. Rather than thinking about what is trending, Kashmiri influencers have to factor in what extremists will not like. sd The security apparatus in Kashmir say that Amreena’s killing marked the arrival of a new terror target group in Kashmir, the social media stars who want to show normality. According to them, militants believe that entertainment – cinema to social media – is a sin and disobedience to Allah, and women indulging in it need to be punished. # ⚓ DNA India ☛ Amravati_police_chief_tried_to_hide_chemist’s killing_by_calling_it_robbery,_alleges_MP_Navneet_Rana⠀⇛ Amravati MP Navneet Rana has levelled allegations against the city police commissioner in the case of a chemist’s murder, which has sparked outrage, just days after the beheading of a tailor in Udaipur whose throat was slit last month over supporting suspended BJP spokesperson Nupur Sharma’s comment on Prophet Mohammad. Rana claimed that the city’s police commissioner, Aarti Singh, attempted to cover up the murder as a robbery. “She is providing clarification on the incident after 12 days… She initially claimed it was a robbery and tried to suppress the case. An enquiry must also be done against Amravati Commissioner of Police,” the MP said. o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ New York Times ☛ Bullet_Too_Damaged_to_Prove_Who_Killed Palestinian_American_Journalist,_U.S._Says⠀⇛ The damage to the bullet made it difficult to draw a definitive conclusion about the gun it was fired from, according to a State Department statement. But shots fired from the position of the Israel Defense Forces were “likely responsible for the death,” it added. # ⚓ Julian_Assange_extradition:_the_decade-long_battle explained⠀⇛ Update: Assange lodged an appeal against the decision to extradite him to the US on Friday 1 July. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ How_Spooks_and_Establishment_Journalists_are Circling_the_Wagons_–_scheerpost.com⠀⇛ In the second of this two-part series, we examine why so many journalists are keen to cooperate with and parrot the key messages of the US and British intelligence agencies. # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Mexican_President_To_Discuss_Assange’s_Case_With Biden⠀⇛ He commented on the information revealed in WikiLeaks articles which talked about the fraud committed in the 2006 presidential elections by the then President Vicente Fox alongside Felipe Calderón, messages that were never denied. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Medforth ☛ France:_Non-integrated_migrant_pushes_his daughter_off_the_bridge_because_he_didn’t_like_her lifestyle⠀⇛ The father of the family suspected of throwing his 18-year-old daughter off the bridge in Saint- Nazaire on Tuesday June 28 was charged with murder – premeditation was assumed – and remanded in custody, the Nantes prosecutor confirmed. The couple and their two children lived in the commune of Donges. “A very inconspicuous family” confided the mayor François Chéneau to France Bleu Loire Océan radio. # ⚓ Daniel Miessler ☛ The_Workforce_Pincer_Move_During Recessions⠀⇛ Companies are doing something smart (and sometimes a bit gross) during this economic…whatever this is. They’re using the downturn as an opportunity to get rid of people they don’t like, which solidifies their workforce. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ 4th_of_July:_GunDependence_Day?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “What_to_the_Slave_Is_the_4th_of_July?”: James_Earl_Jones_Reads_Frederick_Douglass’s_Historic_Speech⠀⇛ We begin our July Fourth special broadcast with the words of Frederick Douglass. Born into slavery around 1818, Douglass became a key leader of the abolitionist movement. On July 5, 1852, in Rochester, New York, Douglass gave one of his most famous speeches, “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” He was addressing the Rochester Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society. James Earl Jones reads the historic address during a performance of “Voices of a People’s History of the United States,” which was co-edited by Howard Zinn. The late great historian introduces the address. o § Internet Policy/Net Neutrality⠀➾ # ⚓ Creative Commons ☛ CC_Expresses_Views_on_Italian_National Cultural_Heritage_Digitization_Plan⠀⇛ While the Plan is welcome as an important step towards the digital transformation of cultural heritage institutions (CHIs), it risks nonetheless restricting, rather than increasing, access to and use of cultural heritage, and having a serious detrimental effect on the public domain, creators’ participation in generative creativity, and society as a whole. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # ⚓ C4ISRNET ☛ Booz_Allen_acquisition_of_defense_firm_EverWatch would_harm_NSA,_US_says⠀⇛ In a complaint filed June 29 in a Maryland federal court, the U.S. alleged that the merger of Booz Allen and EverWatch Corp. would eliminate competition, harm taxpayers, and result in lower quality, less innovative services. “Booz Allen’s agreement to acquire EverWatch imperils competition in a market that is vital to our national security,” Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter, who works in the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division, said in a statement. “Both the acquisition agreement and the underlying transaction violate federal antitrust law.” # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Broadest_US_Pirate_Site_Injunction Rewritten/Tamed_By_Cloudflare⠀⇛ After causing outrage among online services including Cloudflare, the most aggressive pirate site injunction ever handed down in the US has undergone significant weight loss surgery. Now before the court is a heavily modified injunction that is most notable for everything that’s been removed. It appears that Cloudflare drew a very clear line in the sand and refused to step over it. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ ACE_Seizes_Domains_Of_Large_Sports Streaming_Pirate_Sites⠀⇛ The world’s leading anti-piracy coalition ACE has booked another major success. Together with one of its newest members, sports broadcaster beIN, the group shut down several large sports streaming domains. The rightsholders received support from dozens of police officers in Egypt, where the sites were based. # ⚓ Michael Geist ☛ The_Law_Bytes_Podcast,_Episode_133: Michael_Nesbitt_on_How_the_Senate_Pushed_Back_Against_a Government_Bill_on_Searching_Digital_Devices_at_the Border⠀⇛ It isn’t every day that a Senate committee examines legislation and makes notable changes against the wishes of the government. But that’s what happened last month as a Senate committee reviewed Bill S-7, which raised significant privacy concerns regarding the legal standard for searches of digital devices at the border. A chorus of opposition sparked by Senator Paula Simons led to changes in the bill with the Chair of the committee acknowledging “we did not have one witness except the minister and the officials say that the new standard was a good idea.” * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ doctor_my_eyes….⠀⇛ I just drove virtually down the street to the house I spent most of my childhood in courtesy of Google Maps street view. Quite sobering to see a tree that I used to jump over now tower what I’m estimating to be some 70 feet tall. Um… wow.. yes, a blink of an eye indeed…. o § Technical⠀➾ # § Programming⠀➾ # ⚓ salparse⠀⇛ Chicken Scheme’s egg tester (disgustingly named “salmonella”) creates log files that are sometimes difficult to parse. Here’s a dumb li’l Unix filter, I’m not even making a repo or egg for it yet, that prints the output of the test step (or if install failed, the install step) of the log file. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 3077 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_05/07/2022:_TUXEDO_Computers_and_KDE_Slimbook_With_More_Laptops⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 12:56 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Fedora_Family_/_Red_Hat_/_IBM o Devices/Embedded o Open_Hardware/Modding * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Web_Browsers # Mozilla o FSFE * Leftovers o Hardware o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Wildlife/Nature o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Freedom_of_Information_/_Freedom_of_the_Press o Civil_Rights/Policing * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Technical # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Its FOSS ☛ The_Next-Gen_TUXEDO_Pulse_15_is_a_Workstation Powerhouse⠀⇛ TUXEDO Computers is a German manufacturer popular for offering a wide range of consumer Linux desktops and laptops. One of their latest notebook releases, the Pulse 15 – which was introduced two years ago has received a second revision and it sounds like a big upgrade. The notebook’s new 15.6-inch display takes the center stage here. A 2560 x 1440 pixels LED panel is definitely a huge enhancement compared to the 1080p display used in the previous model. So you can expect clearer and more detailed images, not to mention fluid movements thanks to the high 165Hz refresh rate! o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_PlayOnLinux_on_Fedora_36 Linux_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Wine is popular software that allows many Windows applications to run on Linux. The problem with Wine, however, is some required configurations for each application you want to use can be extremely time-consuming and prone to errors while setting up. A great PlayOnLinux will make your life easier by providing easy-to-understand automated installation of many popular installations, which can benefit the average desktop users or new users of Linux. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install PlayOnLinux on Fedora 36 Linux using the command line terminal using the default Fedora 36 repository or installing the Flatpak third-party package manager to get a newer version binary. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Snap_&_Snap-Store_on_Fedora 36_Linux_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ By default, Fedora does not come with Snap or Snap Store installed as this is a feature that was built by developed by Canonical as a faster and easier way to get the latest versions of software installed on Ubuntu systems, and Snap packages are installed from a central SNAP server operated by Canonical. Snap can be installed and, for the most part, work with most packages on Fedora-based systems that are currently actively supported. There are a few conflicts with specific packages. The issue with Snaps VS DNF package manager is that Snaps are self-contained, which results in an increased .snap due to having all its dependencies included along with various degrees of slight performance degradation compared to a natively installed application. In contrast, DNF is much lighter than its snap counterpart because it does not need to bundle dependencies. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install Snapd on Fedora 36 Linux with the terminal and GUI methods with basic tips on how to launch or install/remove packages with Snapcraft. # ⚓ Linux Handbook ☛ Understanding_the_man_pages_in_Linux⠀⇛ In the *nix world, the manual pages, aka man pages, are considered the absolute reference for advanced users. There is also the occasional pedantry of RTFM rudely insisting its importance. The man command is even part of the POSIX specification – the basis for most modern implementations of *nix systems. So is this notion justifiable after all? # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_qView_on_Fedora_36_Linux_– LinuxCapable⠀⇛ qView is a free, open-source image viewer designed to be minimal and space-efficient with super-fast opening images. The image viewer features no cluttered interface, just your image with a title bar containing features such as animated GIF controls for easy viewing on any device. For more information about what qView features and looks like before installing it, visit the qView website, which features some great examples of the image viewer in action. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install qView on Fedora 36 Linux desktop using the command line terminal with tips about installing the alternative development version and removing the application if required in the future. # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ How_to_Install_Latest_Linux_Kernel_in AlmaLinux_8⠀⇛ AlmaLinux needs no introduction as a free and open- source RHEL-based Linux operating system distribution. Its binary compatibility with RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) attributes it to a production-grade enterprise operating system with growing community support. A Kernel is a lifeline between hardware and software interaction within a computer system. Since the Kernel code always resides in memory, its presence is critical in how these key operating system components communicate with one another. This article is for the bleeding edge enthusiasts who want to install the latest Kernel version on their AlmaLinux 8 distribution. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_qBittorrent_on_Fedora_36 Linux_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ qBittorrent is a cross-platform free and open- source BitTorrent client. qBittorrent is a native application written in C++ which uses Boost, Qt 5 toolkit, and libtorrent-rasterbar library and is extremely lightweight and fast. qBittorrent is very popular amongst torrent users as the main alternative to UTorrent. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install qBittorrent on Fedora 36 Linux desktop GUI and qBittorrent-nox, which can be installed on a desktop or headless server using the command line terminal to access the WEB UI. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_To_Create_and_Run_a_Flask_Application_Using Docker_–_TecAdmin⠀⇛ In this tutorial, you will learn how to create a basic Flask app with Docker. You will set up your app with a Dockerfile, and manage the images with an automated build process. In this process, you’ll also learn how to use multiple Python virtual environments and keep your source code organized. If you’re new to Python or Flask, you may want to check out our beginner guide to Python as well as our beginner guide to Flask first. They cover the basics of these frameworks so that you can follow along better in this tutorial. Let’s get started! # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_PostgreSQL_on_Fedora_36_–_idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install PostgreSQL on Fedora 36. For those of you who didn’t know, PostgreSQL is a powerful, open-source object-relational database system. PostgreSQL has been in active development for over 30 years and has earned a strong reputation in its reliability, robustness, and performance. It is available for Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Microsoft Windows, and macOS. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of PostgreSQL 14 on a Fedora 36. # ⚓ Citizix ☛ How_to_run_Grafana_Loki_with_docker_and_docker- compose⠀⇛ Loki is a horizontally scalable, highly available, multi-tenant log aggregation system inspired by Prometheus. It is designed to be very cost effective and easy to operate. It does not index the contents of the logs, but rather a set of labels for each log stream. In this guide, we will learn how to install Grafana Loki and Promtail with Docker and Docker Compose. For production systems, please consider installing Grafana Loki with Tanka or Helm. The configuration acquired with these installation instructions run Loki as a single binary. # ⚓ Trend Oceans ☛ How_to_Combine_Two_Text_Files_in_Linux⠀⇛  In the course of work, I have received several redirected command output files from my colleague, and he asked me to combine all the files into one file and send it back. And I’m not in the mood to open all the files one by one to read the output and combine them into one file. So I have to find a way through which I can combine multiple text files into one, and then I can comfortably drink a cup of coffee. # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ WebP_Image:_How_to_Create,_Convert_to_JPEG, PNG_&_View_in_Ubuntu_and_Other_Linux⠀⇛ A comprehensive article which demonstrates how to view WebP image formats in Ubuntu and other Linux with example to encode & decode. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Think_You_Know_How_Mario_Kart_Works?⠀⇛ In what looks like the kickoff of a fun video series, [MrL314] takes us on a quick but deep tour of how the AI in Mario Kart works. (Video, embedded below.) Don’t play much Mario Kart anymore? Well, have a look anyway because some of the very simple tricks that make Bowser pass Princess Peach without running into her might be useful in any manner of pre-programmed navigation scenarios. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Linux ☛ KDE_Slimbook_Gen4_Linux_Laptop_Is Available_Now_with_an_AMD_Ryzen_7_5700U_CPU⠀⇛  The biggest change in KDE Slimbook Gen4 is the new AMD Ryzen 7 5700U processor capable of up to 4.3 GHz clock speeds, 8 cores, and 16 threads, giving you more raw power and better battery life. As usual, the Linux laptop is available in two variants, KDE Slimbook 14″ featuring a 14-inch Full HD IPS LED display with 1920×1080 resolution at 60Hz refresh rate and 100% sRGB, and KDE Slimbook 15.6” featuring a bigger 15.6-inch Full HD IPS LED display with 1920×1080 resolution at 60Hz refresh rate and 100% sRGB. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Gtk_5_might_drop_X.11_support⠀⇛ One of the GNOME developers has suggested that the next major release of Gtk could drop support for the X window system. Emmanuele Bassi opened a discussion last week on the GNOME project’s Gitlab instance that asked whether the developers could drop X.11 support in the next release of Gtk. At this point, it is only a suggestion, but if it gets traction, this could significantly accelerate the move to the Wayland display server and the end of X.11. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Fedora Family / Red Hat / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ How_to_set_user_password_expirations_on Linux_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ User accounts created on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) servers are by default assigned 99,999 days until their password expires. The Center for Internet Security (CIS) provides some advice on controls for hardening systems, and one of these is setting password expirations to 365 days or less. The security team usually enforces this setting, but system administrators must ensure this is done. # ⚓ Video ☛ Why_Fedora_is_the_NEW_default_Linux_desktop_– Invidious⠀⇛ Been a while…but has Fedora become the new default Linux distro for the desktop? The best all-round Linux desktop distro in 2022? # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ 5_Harvard_Business_Review_articles CIOs_should_read_this_month⠀⇛ Each month, through our partnership with Harvard Business Review, we refresh our resource library with five new HBR articles we believe CIOs and IT leaders will value highly. Check out the curated pieces below, available to readers through the end of the month. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ IT_talent:_5_ways_to_better_leverage remote_teams⠀⇛ Remote work is on the rise, and recent studies suggest that a quarter of all professionals in the U.S. will be working remotely by the end of 2022. This trend is enabling many CIOs and CTOs to find talent outside of technology hubs, and companies of all sizes are taking advantage of this by hiring based on time zone as opposed to geographic location. However, managers are struggling to come up with ways to enable their remote teams to work together and finish their tasks in an organized and timely fashion. With team members spread across three continents, I’ve had to think creatively about how to enable effective collaboration across 10 time zones. Here are five tips to enable any organization to operate smoothly despite the distance between employees. # ⚓ Fedora Project ☛ Nest_with_Fedora_2022_registration_now open!⠀⇛ We are excited to announce that registration for this year’s Nest with Fedora 2022 is now open. Sign up to join us for the virtual version of Flock to Fedora with a three day event hosted on the Hopin platform. Nest will kick off on Thursday August 4th and run through Saturday August 6th. Our virtual contributor conference will feature Fedora content, workshops, and social hours—but most importantly, our wonderful community! o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Texas_Instruments_AM6254_powered_industrial SBC_features_dual_GbE,_CAN_Bus,_RS485,_optional_4G/5G cellular_networking⠀⇛  Texas Instruments Sitara AM623 and AM625 Arm Cortex-A53 AIoT processors were just introduced last month, but Forlinx has already introduced the OK6254-C SBC powered by the Sitara AM6254 quad-core processor with up to 2GB DDR4, and an 8GB eMMC flash. The board features two Gigabit Ethernet ports, CAN FD and RS485 interfaces, plus plenty of I/ O headers, support for up to three displays via LVDS and parallel RGB interfaces, as well as optional support for 4G/5G cellular connectivity that makes it suitable for all sorts of industrial applications. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ LILYGO_T-QT_V1.1_–_A_cute_little_board_with ESP32-S3_and_a_0.85-inch_color_display⠀⇛ LILYGO must be churning out at least one new “ESP32” board every month, but I don’t think they’ve ever made one with ESP32-S3. LILYGO T-QT V1.1 board changes that and combines the dual-core WiFi 4 and Bluetooth LE 5.0 AI microcontroller with a 0.85-inch color display. The board also happens to be rather small and cute with a 33 x 18 mm form factor, offers some I/O via headers and a 4-pin connector, and can be powered via its USB Type-C port or a battery, but lacks a charging circuit. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ UART_Can’t?_Arduino_CANSerial_Can!⠀⇛ [Jacob Geigle] had a problem. A GPS unit and a Bluetooth-to-serial were tying up all the hardware UARTs on an AVR Arduino project. “Software serial”, I hear you say. But what if I told you [Jacob] already had the board in question sending out data over CAN bus? * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o § Web Browsers⠀➾ # § Mozilla⠀➾ # ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Mozilla_Privacy_Blog:_Mozilla_statement_as EU_Parliament_adopts_new_pro-competition_rulebook_for Big_Tech⠀⇛ The EU Parliament today adopted the ‘Digital Markets Act’, new rules that will empower consumers to easily choose and enjoy independent web browsers. We welcome the new pro-competition approach and call for a comprehensive designation of the full range of Big Tech gatekeepers to ensure the legislation contributes to a fairer and more competitive European digital market. The DMA will grant consumers more freedom to choose what software they wish to use, while creating the conditions for independent developers to compete fairly with Big Tech. In particular, we see immense benefit in empowering consumer choice through prohibitions that tackle manipulative software designs and introduce safeguards that allow consumers to simply and easily try new apps, delete unwanted apps, switch between apps, change app defaults, and to expect similar functionality and use. # ⚓ Mozilla ☛ Listen_to_the_trailer:_Season_6_of Mozilla’s_podcast,_IRL,_is_around_the_corner⠀⇛ The newest season of Mozilla’s award winning podcast, IRL, is packed with people who are asking these questions and — more importantly — offering answers and solutions. It’s a collaboration with Mozilla’s annual Internet Health Report, a collective storytelling project that highlights people fighting for a healthier internet. o § FSFE⠀➾ # ⚓ FSFE ☛ Sustainability_podcast_+++_Job_opportunity_+++ Partial_Router_Freedom_in_Greece⠀⇛ In this issue we share an uplifting podcast episode on the progress of the Upcycling Android campaign. We have a work position in the FSFE staff. Greece is about to secure Router Freedom except for fiber connections. Community news comes from Aarhus, Barcelona, Berlin, Hamburg, Vienna, Zurich, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands, Translators, and Women. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Photovoltaic_Cells_In_LTSpice⠀⇛ We like to build things using real parts. But we do think the more you can model using tools like LTSpice, the less time you can spend going down dead ends. If you need to model a common component like a resistor or even an active device, most simulators have great models and you can tweak them to have realistic parasitic effects. But what if the component you want isn’t in the library or doesn’t have the fidelity you want? [FesZ] wanted to model photovoltaic cells and had to build his own model. The resulting two videos are well worth watching. o ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ July_4,_2022⠀⇛ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Dithering_Makes_Everything_Cooler:_Now_Even_Animated⠀⇛ [dukope] was writing a game, Return of the Obra Dinn, with a fantastic visual style. One of the choices was to make everything in glorious one-bit color, otherwise known as black and white, and then dither it back to monochrome. You know, like they used to do on the Mac Plus. o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Fighting_All_That_Can_Go_Wrong_With_Resin⠀⇛ [Jan Mrázek] is on a quest to make your resin 3D prints more accurate, more functional, and less failure prone. Let’s start off with his recent post on combating resin shrinkage. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Sonnet_for_Independence_Day⠀⇛ o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Growing_Up⠀⇛ Bye bye, church on Sunday. My mother was devastated, but we slowly came to terms with one another. On a family vacation that summer, as we were driving on the Chicago Skyway, the radio announced a tornado warning. Mom later wrote a published essay that ended thus: “Three Christians and one agnostic prayed.” In other words, we found a space beyond life’s cultural certainties to reconnect. We loved each other; that’s what mattered. This transcended all the proclaimed certainties of religion. I’ve been exploring this realm — the Great Beyond, you might say — ever since. The final paper I wrote in high school, my “senior paper,” was titled “Is a Man’s Mind His Own?” My primary references were George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four and Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. Yes, I decided, staring directly into the flabbergasted eyes of Big Brother, I am the final determiner of what I believe, what I value. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ A_3D_Printer_Big_Enough_To_Print_A_Kayak⠀⇛ When one of your design goals for a 3D printer is “fits through standard doors,” you know you’re going to be able to print some pretty big stuff. And given that the TAUT ONE printer by [Nathan Brüchner] could easily be mistaken for a phone booth, we’d say it’ll be turning out some interesting prints. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Proponents_of_the_“Big_Lie”_Continue_Push_for Illegal_Access_to_Voting_Machines⠀⇛ o § Security⠀➾ # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ AccessNow ☛ Immediately_no:_TikTok’s_new_personalised ads_will_jeopardise_rights_in_Europe_–_Access_Now⠀⇛ TikTok’s plan to force personalised ads on all users over 18 years old will risk the privacy of millions of people in EEA, UK, and Switzerland who use the popular social media platform. Access Now is calling on TikTok to immediately halt these invasive changes, and is urging the European Data Protection Board and its members to use its powers to intervene. “TikTok wants to strip away the rights of people who use the platform to bump its ad revenue. To that, Access Now says ‘immediately no,’” said Estelle Massé, Europe Legislative Manager and Global Data Protection Lead at Access Now. “The way social media platforms like TikTok implement consent mechanisms is far from perfect — or legal — as it is often bundled into lengthy terms of services. Yet, TikTok is taking a step further in limiting our rights and effectively suggesting that we should not have a say in deciding how our information is used. ” o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_American_Right_Is_Scarier_Than_Putin⠀⇛ Andrea Mazzarino ponders to how deal with Donald Trump’s occupation of all too many American hearts and minds. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Conscientious_Objection_to_Military_Taxation⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Protesters_in_Ohio_Are_Met_With_Riot_Police Following_Killing_of_Jayland_Walker⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Mass_Ethnic_Cleansing_of_Syrian_Kurds is_Collateral_Damage_From_the_War_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ Hundreds of thousands of Kurds have already been forced by Turkish-led forces to flee from their enclaves on the Syrian side of the Turkish-Syrian border. “There is no place for the [Kurdish fighters] in Syria‘s future,” said Erdogan. “We hope that… we will rid the region of separatist terror.” In practice, the Turkish policy during previous incursions into Syria has been to drive out all Syrian Kurds, civilians as well as fighters, separatists and terrorists. After Turkey lifted its veto on Sweden and Finland joining Nato, the Nato powers are less likely than before to deter Erdogan from a fresh invasion of Northern Syria. In the longer term, they want to recruit Turkey as an ally against Russia. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_NATO’s_Expansion_and_New Strategic_Concept_Broaden_the_Prospect_of_Armageddon⠀⇛ The 2022 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) summit, which was held in Madrid, Spain, from June 28-30, has produced a new strategic concept for an alliance which only a few years ago was declared “brain-dead” by French President Emmanuel Macron that will define its future for the next ten years. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Hundreds_March_in_Akron_Enraged_by_Police Killing_of_Jayland_Walker⠀⇛ Hundreds of people in Akron, Ohio gathered outside the police department’s headquarters and marched through the city late Sunday, demanding justice for Jayland Walker after police footage was released showing that the 25-year-old Black man had been fatally shot from behind at least 60 times by officers as he tried to flee from a traffic stop on June 27. Demonstrators chanted Walker’s name and “No justice, no peace!” outside the police department and the Harold K. Stubbs Justice Center, where they were confronted by officers in riot gear as the protest continued into the evening. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Evoking_the_Unspeakable⠀⇛ In 1971 Rafferty was assigned to a remote firebase along the Laotian border. His unit experienced a daily artillery duel with the enemy’s 152 mm guns that blew huge holes in their defenses and inflicted heavy casualties. Every battle was begun with the gut certainty of death. Their perimeter was constantly probed and resupply convoys were constantly ambushed. There is one episode of a literal wrestling match in a perimeter bunker between two NVA and American soldiers over a fifty caliber machine gun that had just been mounted there. Along the Laotian border and in the DMZ US troops had to endure being pummeled by much larger weapons than further south, and the enemy had tanks. The medical results of this fighting were not pretty. There was one medic for a unit of eighty men and Rafferty finds himself often “helping doc.” Rafferty writes with a searing anger and devastating attention to detail. He recounts a Boschian scene during which someone’s pet dog runs by carrying a human arm in its teeth. He kills the dog in a rage. The next day the men get online to “police the area” which amounts to picking up pieces of people in empty sandbags. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Here’s_Why_Arab_Americans_Like_Me_Are_Supporting Efforts_to_Defund_the_Police⠀⇛ o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Deadly_Glacier_Collapse_in_Italy_‘Linked Directly_to_Climate_Change’⠀⇛ Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi joined scientists in pointing to the climate emergency as the cause of a deadly glacier collapse in the Italian Alps on Sunday afternoon, saying policymakers must act to ensure avalanches don’t become a more regular occurrence. The collapse of the glacier in the Marmolada mountain range in the Dolomites “certainly depends on the deterioration of the environment and the climate situation,” Draghi said at a press conference following the disaster, which was confirmed Monday to have killed at least seven people. # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ ‘Tipping_Point_of_No_Return’_Feared_as Amazon_Rainforest_Fires_Surge⠀⇛ “Up to now, the Biden administration has only legitimized the Brazilian government’s anti- Indigenous and anti-environmental agenda,” said Greenpeace USA. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Tricky_Politics_of_Ecological Restoration⠀⇛ In her new book, Wild by Design: The Rise of Ecological Restoration, environmental historian Laura J. Martin charts the history of a practice devoted to mending damaged ecosystems, which she argues is currently the most important mode of environmental management in the world. Martin, an assistant professor of environmental studies at Williams College, defines ecological restoration as “a mode of reconciliation with the human past.” Her definition encapsulates the way restorationists have had to approach the blurry line between protecting and interfering with the natural environment in response to human action, which has, for the better part of human history, been interchangeable with human harm. Martin offers a timeline of the origin of ecological restoration as a practice and its development into a professional field, in addition to tracing the sometimes surprising choices—some ethical, some aesthetic, and some political—that have determined which species and ecosystems were restored in the United States and why. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ New_Legal_Settlement_Protects Coyotes,_Wolves_in_Idaho⠀⇛ “We’re pleased to have added restrictions to the wildlife-killing activities that USDA Wildlife Services is pursuing across Idaho,” said Erik Molvar, Executive Director of Western Watersheds Project. “This new agreement blocks wildlife killing on protected public lands across Idaho, and blocks the use of certain lethal methods employed against native carnivores throughout the state.” The settlement gives Wildlife Services until the end of 2024 to complete a new environmental review of its activities on federal lands, and mandates that the agency will consider an alternative restricting predator killing on certain public lands, blocking “preventative” killing of wolves and coyotes, and placing a long-term moratorium on M-44 “cyanide bomb” use. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Key_Impacts_of_Livestock Production_Upon_the_Land⠀⇛ Remember that all ecological science is based on statistical averages, not absolutes. Therefore, not all livestock operations have the following impacts, which will vary from operation to operation, region to region. Nevertheless, most livestock operations statistically have at least some of the following ecological impacts on the landscape. o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Second-Richest_Man_Jeff_Bezos_Defends_Oil Industry_Price-Gouging⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘The_Problem_is_Corporate_Greed,_Boss’: Bezos_Blasted_for_Defense_of_Big_Oil_Price-Gouging⠀⇛ Progressives ripped billionaire Jeff Bezos for his latest defense of corporate profiteering over the weekend in which the Amazon founder and world’s second-richest person criticized a call by President Joe Biden for oil companies to lower the price of gasoline. On Saturday, Bezos accused President Joe Biden of “misdirection” and ignorance “of basic market dynamic” in response to a tweet from the president which called on companies setting gasoline prices to “bring down the price you are charging.” # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ People_Are_Not_Spending_Down_Their_Savings, Revisited⠀⇛ The issue here is straightforward. Saving is defined as the portion of disposable income that is not consumed. Savings can fall either because either consumption has increased, or disposable income has fallen. We are not seeing especially rapid consumption growth in 2022 (real consumption actually fell in May), rather we are seeing weak growth in disposable income, which is defined as personal income, minus tax payments. The story here is not that personal income growth has been weak, but rather that tax payments have soared. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Tax_the_Rich,_House_the_Homeless⠀⇛ o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ What_Would_a_Real_Opposition_Party_of_the People_Do?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ How_Can_Dictators_Control_So_Many_Millions of_People?⠀⇛ Political scientists have written about the various “pillars” sustaining autocratic regimes. Professor Christoph H. Stefes (University of Colorado Denver) focuses on the “pillars” legitimation, repression and co-optation – about which more later. But just what are the mechanics flowing from the dictator’s throne that produce overwhelming compliance to the dictator’s demands? Starting with his “palace guards,” cooks, doctors, all the way down an intricate matrix of obedience to the cities/towns/villages level, the absence of any breaks in the links of the chains of oppression is remarkable. Even major suicidal sabotage at critical points in a regime’s iron grip rarely occurs. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Biden’s_Meeting_With_MBS_Risks_Becoming_a Gift_to_an_Autocrat⠀⇛ But the decision to meet MBS, as he is often called, risks being profoundly counterproductive. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is about more than the territorial integrity of a sovereign state. It also reflects an attack by Russia’s autocratic president, Vladimir Putin, on the democratic aspirations of the Ukrainian people, which cast a harsh light on Putin’s increasingly repressive rule. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Prankster_Stops_Laughing⠀⇛ Political dirty-tricks specialists typically try to stay in the background as they make mischief, but Stone, like Trump, is a credit-grabber and a show- off. When Danish documentary makers Christoffer Guldbrandsen and Frederik Marbell asked to follow him about in 2019, the ego boost outweighed the legal risk and Stone gave them access. And so his machinations will be exposed in detail when their film, “A Storm Foretold,” comes to the small screen this summer. Stone doesn’t look like a sharp fixer –his affect is blank– but his track record is impressive. He was born in 1952 in Connecticut. He describes his family as “middle-class, Catholic.” His mother ran the PTA and wrote for the town newspaper. Roger Sr. ran a well-drilling business and the volunteer fire department. (Their dinner table conversation must have been politics at the nitty-grittiest level.) Roger Jr. became fascinated by electoral politics. At age 12 he volunteered to help out in the Goldwater campaign. o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ Internet Freedom Foundation ☛ An_Indian_Code_of_Conduct_is not_a_solution_for_“de-platforming”⠀⇛ On June 06, 2022, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (“MEITY”) proposed amendments to Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021” (hereinafter, “IT Rules, 2021”) and invited comments on the draft. In our comments on the “Proposed draft amendment to the IT Rules, 2021” (hereinafter, “Draft Amendment”) we reiterated our demand to recall the IT Rules, 2021 and also this Draft Amendment. We highlighted how the draft amendments will deepen an injury to the digital rights of every Indian social media user. For instance they propose the establishment of a government censorship body for social media (the, “Grievance Appellate Committee) that will make bureaucrats arbiters of our online free speech! o § Freedom of Information / Freedom of the Press⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Organized_Whitewash’:_US_Claims_Israeli Military’s_Murder_of_Journalist_Not_Intentional⠀⇛ Human rights advocates on Monday derided the Biden administration’s assertion that Palestinian- American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh was “likely”—but unintentionally—killed by an Israeli soldier, with one group accusing the U.S. State Department of complicity in a “whitewash” of the reporter’s death. “You can’t determine intent or the lack of it from a bullet.” # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ In_The_Wake_of_Abu_Akleh’s_Murder,_Media Continued_to_Obscure_Israeli_Violence⠀⇛ o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ There_Is_Only_One_Thing_Left_to_Do_With_the Supreme_Court⠀⇛ Farrah Hassen reminds readers that the Supreme Court may have the power to interpret the Constitution, but it is not above it. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ The_Supreme_Court’s_Assault_Is_Far_From_Over. July_4_Is_No_Celebration.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Happy_July_Farce:_An_American_Revolution Would_be_a_Good_Idea⠀⇛ – New Left historian Carl Parrini to a generation of students at Northern Illinois University “Fuck your fireworks, fuck your Court, fuck its decisions, and fuck your Fourth.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ On_This_July_4th,_Abortion_Rights_Movement Says_‘We’re_Not_in_the_Mood_for_Fireworks’⠀⇛ Under the banner “When women are not free, no one is free,” reproductive rights defenders took to the streets of cities and towns across the United States on Monday for Independence Day abortion rights rallies in the wake of the Supreme Court’s reversal of Roe v. Wade. “We don’t feel free and we don’t want to celebrate a country that is taking away rights.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_A_50-Year_Attack_by_Right-Wing Corporate_Forces_Is_Leading_U.S._Back_Towards_Civil_War⠀⇛ The June 24th Supreme Court ruling nullifying Roe v Wade should not be viewed as an isolated event in America’s cultural wars but instead as the result of a fifty-year conservative strategy to supplant US democracy with plutocracy. Although culture wars are an important aspect of this strategy, conservative SCOTUS cultural rulings are not the final objective but merely a stepping-stone to the ultimate goal: weakening the Federal system to the point where the US becomes, in effect, a confederacy. Conservatives are refighting the 1861 Civil War. And they’re winning. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Opinion_|_This_Right-Wing_U.S._Supreme Court_Is_the_New_King_George_III⠀⇛ The Declaration of Independence begins with the famous words, crafted by Thomas Jefferson… # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “The_Hill_We_Climb,_If_Only_We_Dare_It”: Watch_Amanda_Gorman,_Youngest_Inaugural_Poet_in_U.S. History⠀⇛ Amanda Gorman became the youngest inaugural poet in U.S. history last year when she spoke at the inauguration of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris. She was 22 years old when she read “The Hill We Climb,” a poem she finished right after the insurrection at the Capitol on January 6. We continue our July Fourth special broadcast with Gorman’s remarkable address. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “I_Was_Raped_by_My_Father._Abortion_Saved My_Life”:_Prof._Michele_Goodwin_on_SCOTUS_&_the_New_Jane Crow⠀⇛ As the Supreme Court strikes down Roe v. Wade, we speak with law professor Michele Goodwin, who has written extensively about how the criminalization of abortion polices motherhood. She discusses how on the eve of the court’s oral arguments in the Dobbs case in November, she wrote about how an abortion saved her life. She describes how the U.S. has historically endangered and denied essential health services to Black and Brown women, and calls new abortion restrictions “the new Jane Crow,” warning that they will further criminalize reproductive health and encourage medical professionals to breach their patients’ confidentiality and report self-administered abortions to law enforcement. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “A_Devastating_Ruling”:_Law_Prof._Michele Goodwin_&_SCOTUS_Attorney_Kitty_Kolbert_on_Overturning_Roe⠀⇛ As protests continue across the country in response to the Supreme Court overturning Roe v. Wade, we speak with two leading legal scholars. Kathryn “Kitty” Kolbert is co-founder of the Center for Reproductive Rights and argued the landmark case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1992, which upheld Roe v. Wade. She is the co-author of “Controlling Women: What We Must Do Now to Save Reproductive Freedom.” Michele Goodwin is chancellor’s professor at University of California, Irvine School of Law and author of “Policing The Womb: Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood.” Her new piece for The New York Times is headlined “No, Justice Alito, Reproductive Justice Is in the Constitution.” * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ Gonna_Get_Yours⠀⇛ There is a lot of awesome audio content on Gemini and I realised I never wrote about what I do music- wise, time to change that! I play the bass in Gonna Get Yours, we play Oi! music since 2005. Looking as some backup I stubled upon some lyrics I wrote for our latest album. We had this song for a little while with a late 80s hardcore vibe but it had no lyrics. The singer asked me to write some the day before the recording and this is what I got. Funny how social networks was already a problem for me. Those are not great lyrics by any mean but I thought it would be fun to share. # ⚓ Screen_Magic,_a_Lantashi-short⠀⇛ It was early morning in the Platinum Duckling. The inn’s servants were moving about, cleaning up the tremedous mess left from the party of the night before. It had been something! With a raging Orc starting an incredible row, many of the servants were doing their best to piece together broken chairs and tables, while others swept up the glass and various liquids and fluids on the floor. Some customers had already wandered in, travelers staying at the inn who were looking for a bite to eat. They were limited to the side of the dining area that was already mopped and patched up. A few of the early-risers that lived in the area were also there grabbing food or information. There were some houses that surrounded the inn, which was located at a cross-roads between the western forests and the cities of the east. Sitting at one of the intact tables was a strange collection of adventurers – a Sylvan, a Horned-One, a Catfolk, a Minotaur, and a Pact. o § Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Sysadmining:_E-Mail⠀⇛ E-mail is one of the oldest user applications on the Internet, only slightly younger than news and in this day and age most people leave it up to either Microsoft or Google to provide them with an e-mail address. There are real privacy concerns about giving up what has become a core of your online identity to a company like Google but that’s not in scope for this article. One of the lesser known facts about e-mail is how important it is when taking care of UNIX-y infrastructure at any scale. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ Extending_gopher_protocol_handling⠀⇛ Playing around with my gemini to gopher bridge, I realised it would be advantageous if you could call some other protocol from gopher. My solution was to implement a “P” (for “Protocol”) item type in gophermaps. To connect to Gemini, you’d use something like… =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 4416 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 07.05.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_05/07/2022:_Weston_10.0.1_and_Lennart_Poettering_Reportedly_Leaves_Red Hat⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:36 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Audiocasts/Shows o Graphics_Stack o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Fedora_Family_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Open_Hardware/Modding o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Events o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o FSF o Openness/Sharing/Collaboration # Open_Access/Content * Leftovers o Entrapment_(Microsoft_GitHub) o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Linux_Around_The_World:_Japan_–_LinuxLinks⠀⇛ We cover events and user groups that are running in Japan. This article forms part of our Linux Around The World series. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ TechHQ ☛ China_retires_last_Windows_desktops_for_homegrown Linux_distro⠀⇛ To cut foreign dependencies, China pursues an open platform to accelerate the development of home- grown desktop computing. Google search ‘Microsoft in China’ and you will find news from as far back as 2003, revolving around the American giant’s endless tussle in the world’s most populous country. What started as piracy conundrum for Redmond eventually morphed into censorship debates and today, massive privacy concerns and international politics. Microsoft has never had it easy in the country – but frankly speaking, which foreign companies have? # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ Ubuntu_laptops:_Here_are_the_top_10 picks⠀⇛ When buying a laptop, we mainly look for a system with a decent CPU and RAM. Depending on our requirements, we also search for the one that offers adequate space, a regular web browsing facility, and productivity. Some of you may also want the system to be compatible with video streaming and light to heavy gaming. You get all of these and much more with Ubuntu laptops. Many renowned PC manufacturing brands certify Ubuntu for their laptops to ensure fast, smooth, reliable, and efficient performance. Ubuntu laptops come with high-end software. The best part is that they are free of viruses and use fewer resources (your computers) than their counterparts. Ubuntu-certified hardware, from top- end workstations to super-portable systems, goes through stringent testing and quality review procedures. This approach ensures it runs well, sans any troubles. # ⚓ The Register UK ☛ Tuxedo_launches_second-gen_Pulse_Linux Laptop_•_The_Register⠀⇛ Tuxedo Computers is launching a second generation of its Pulse high-end Linux laptop. If you want to run Linux on a new PC, you have fewer options than if you want the default of Windows. Of course, you can just buy a Windows laptop and hope that everything works. This means paying for an OS you don’t want and accepting the risk that some things don’t work when running a Linux OS, don’t have drivers, and so on. The PC maker may well not accept such incompatibilities as grounds for return, and in any case, by the time you discover them, you may have removed or modified the pre-loaded OS and can’t return the machine anyway. # ⚓ Hindustan Times ☛ Linux_laptops:_This_is_a_good_option_for those_keen_on_customisation⠀⇛ Ideally, you can install Linux on almost every laptop you buy. However, there’s no assurance that the hardware in the laptop will work with Linux. Some of the laptop’s functions won’t operate if the proper hardware drivers are unavailable for the Linux hardware you choose, and the laptop’s battery life may suffer due to poor optimisation. Linux is pre-installed on some laptops. These companies officially support Linux on their hardware, so you can be certain that everything will operate as expected and that the laptop will continue to function with future software upgrades. Compared to other operating systems like Windows, Linux is more secure and is less vulnerable than others. There are more software updates while using Linux than operating systems, and these updates are far quicker. A characteristic that offers a substantial edge over other operating systems is customisation. Considering that the operating system is open source, you can alter, add, or remove a feature as needed. Linux is freely available on the web to download and use. Since Linux and a lot of its software are released under the GNU General Public Licence, you do not need to purchase a licence for it. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ Dwm_Is_a_GREAT_Window_Manager_(After_It’s_Patched!) –_Invidious⠀⇛ I’ve spent the last two days living in “dwm” again, mainly working a build for DTOS. I’ve patched it to include some important functionality that I think is critical–especially adding support for keychords! # ⚓ Video ☛ GTK5_Might_Be_Wayland_Only!_Xorg_Users_Seething_– Invidious⠀⇛ Wayland is the future and that’s a fact whether it’s a good future we’ll have to see about and that future might come a little bit quicker for GTK because a discussion has been opened to decide whether that it will have X11 and Xorg support # ⚓ Video ☛ The_Linux_Experiment:_Privacy_is_DEAD,_I_have NOTHING_TO_HIDE,_and_other_privacy_myths_and_misconceptions_– Invidious⠀⇛ o § Graphics Stack⠀➾ # ⚓ Collabora ☛ Weston_10.0.1_–_a_bug-fix_release⠀⇛ The latest release of Weston was made on February 1, 2022. Meanwhile, a few bugs were discovered and we decided to do a bug-fix release, which we haven’t had in several years. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_IntelliJ_IDEA_Community_on_Pop!_OS 22.04_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install IntelliJ IDEA Community on Pop!_OS 22.04. # ⚓ Citizix ☛ How_to_install_and_configure_Prometheus_mysql exporter_in_linux⠀⇛ The Prometheus Mysql exporter is a tool that periodically runs configured queries against a Mysql Server and exports the result as prometheus gauge metrics. It can be configured to collect MySQL metrics like queries per second (QPS) and InnoDB buffer pool size MySQL. Prometheus is an open-source software application used for event monitoring and alerting. It can be used along with a visualization tool like Grafana to easily create and edit dashboards, query, visualize, alert on, and understand your metrics. We will configure Prometheus to scrape MySQL Exporter metrics and optionally ship them. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_Friday_Night_Funkin’ ONLINE_VS_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install Friday Night Funkin’ ONLINE VS on a Chromebook. Please follow the video/audio guide as a tutorial where we explain the process step by step and use the commands below. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Annotate_Screenshots_in_Linux_With Pensela⠀⇛ Capturing and annotating screenshots effectively requires the right software. Depending on your requirements, Linux has a wide selection of tools for this purpose. However, not all of them include the essential screenshot functions. # ⚓ TechTarget ☛ The_role_of_name_resolution_in_networking⠀⇛ Name resolution is the process of associating names and IP addresses, and it’s one of the most essential services on a network. People understand descriptive names, but network communications require difficult-to-remember addresses. While it’s simple enough for network administrators to connect to webserver3, a computer needs the destination server’s IP address to establish communications. This article explains network host identities and the DNS name resolution process. The next two articles in this series cover troubleshooting from the perspective of both clients and DNS servers. # ⚓ SUSE’s Corporate Blog ☛ Write_with_a_little_help_from_a stylish_friend⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_Can_Containers_Help_You_Use_Microservices_in_DevOps?_– Container_Journal⠀⇛ For many companies today, containers and microservices are both becoming a normal part of the industry landscape. According to a global survey put out by Statista in 2021, 19% of enterprise organizations today say they are already utilizing containers to achieve their business goals, while 92% of respondents claim microservices to be a success factor. That said, containers and microservices are not the same—and will ultimately affect the success of DevOps teams in different ways. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ TrueNAS_SCALE_is_a_brilliant_Network Attached_Storage_solution_with_a_slight_learning_curve_| TechRepublic⠀⇛ Your business or family probably uses something akin to Google Drive to store files and folders. That makes perfect sense, given how everyone needs ready access to data at all times. But there are some pieces of data you don’t want to be housed by a third-party service, such as sensitive information you don’t want to risk becoming public. When you have such information, or simply want easy access to file storage within your LAN, you should turn to open-source solutions such as TrueNAS. # ⚓ LinuxOpSys ☛ How_to_Split_Large_Text_File_into_Smaller Files_in_Linux⠀⇛ Linux has several utilities for breaking down large files into small files. Split and csplit are two of the popular commands which are used for this purpose. These utilities will help to break down big log files and even archive files to make it into a smaller size. This will make it convenient to split large files into smaller sizes so that it fits on smaller media storage devices like USB to meet our purpose. By this technique, we can even speed up network file transfers, because parallel transfers of small files are usually faster. # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ How_to_Get_Started_With_firewalld_on_Linux⠀⇛ If you’re looking for a modern, powerful firewall for Linux that is easy to configure on the command line or with its GUI interface, then firewalld is probably what you’re looking for. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_enable_SSH_2FA_on_Ubuntu_Server_22.04 |_TechRepublic⠀⇛ When you open your Linux servers up for SSH login, there’s always a chance someone could break into that server and do bad things. You don’t want that, but how do you prevent such a reality? One way is to enable two-factor authentication on the server. Once enabled, only those with the properly generated 2FA codes (along with their regular credentials) will be given access. How do you set up SSH 2FA on your Ubuntu Server? Let me show you. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_fix_the_apt-key_deprecated_warning_in Ubuntu⠀⇛ Let me set the stage for you. It’s time to update or upgrade your Linux server or desktop, which should be done regularly without fail. You open the terminal window and run apt-get update, only to be presented with the following warning: # ⚓ ZDNet ☛ How_to_install_Ubuntu_Server_in_less_than_30 minutes_|_ZDNet⠀⇛ For years, Ubuntu Server is my go-to server operating system. Not only is it one of the most widely-used server OSs on the planet (especially when you add cloud deployments into the mix) it’s also one of the most user-friendly server platforms available. To make Ubuntu Server even more appealing, you can download and install it on as many machines as you like for free. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_SuiteCRM_on_Ubuntu_22.04_LTS_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install SuiteCRM on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS. For those of you who didn’t know, SuiteCRM is an open-source Customer Relationship Management (CRM) written in PHP. It’s a fork of the popular SugarCRM software after SugarCRM stopped releasing its community edition. It is used to create a central repository for all your customer data to gain insights that can be used to enhance and nurture your business relationships. You can also install plugins to extend the functionality of SuiteCRM. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the SuiteCRM with Apache and free Let’s Encrypt SSL on Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy Jellyfish). You can follow the same instructions for Ubuntu 22.04 and any other Debian-based distribution like Linux Mint, Elementary OS, Pop!_OS, and more as well. # ⚓ Ubuntu Handbook ☛ Install_&_Use_GNOME_Sushi_to_Quickly Preview_Files_in_Ubuntu_22.04_|_UbuntuHandbook⠀⇛ Looking for ways to get quick look at your files in Ubuntu, Fedora, or other Linux with GNOME? Try Sushi file previewer! It’s a free open-source project present more than 10 years. I’ve almost forgotten about it, until I saw that Ubuntu desktop team proposed to install Sushi by default in 23.04 release GNOME Sushi runs as a DBus-activated service. With it, user may hit Space Bar on keyboard to quick preview selected file in a pop-up window. And, hit the Space Bar again will close it. # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_ArcoLinux_22.07.03_–_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install ArcoLinux 22.07.03. # ⚓ LinuxTechi ☛ How_to_Install_Ansible_on_RHEL_9_(Step_by Step)⠀⇛ In this post, we will cover how to install Ansible on RHEL 9 step by step. Later we will learn how to use ansible to manage remote linux systems. Ansible is a free and open-source automation and configuration tool. On RHEL 9, ansible core package is available in the default package repository (AppStream). This means, we don’t need to enable any additional repositories like Ansible Engine or EPEL. # ⚓ Tips On UNIX ☛ Install_MKVToolNix_68_On_Ubuntu_/AlmaLinux_& Fedora_|_Tips_On_UNIX⠀⇛ This tutorial will be helpful for beginners to download and install MKVToolNix 68 on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Ubuntu 20.04, AlmaLinux 9, and Fedora 36. MKVToolNix is an open-source software to create, alter and inspect Matroska files. MKVToolNix is available to end-users as a graphical and command line. MKVToolNix recently released a new version 68.0.0 with a change in the build system (ie) QT’s SVG Library now required Users are recommended to upgrade to this version, due to bug fixes and new features added to this release. # ⚓ OSNote ☛ How_to_Install_Apache_Maven_on_AlmaLinux_8_and Rocky_Linux_8_–_OSNote⠀⇛ Maven is the name of an automated build engine used primarily for Java projects. It is a free, open- source tool that greatly eases building and managing of other libraries or applications that are to be bundled as part of the project. Maven takes care of details such as downloading dependencies, parsing information about those dependencies from the POM file ( pom.xml ), storing them in local repositories, resolving dependencies, compiling source code, packaging binaries, testing software quality, deploying it etc. which are all cumbersome tasks for developers. # ⚓ Citizix ☛ How_to_Install_and_Configure_Postgres_14_on_Alma Linux_9⠀⇛ In this guide we are going to install Postgresql 14 in Alma Linux 9. This will also work in RHEL 9 and its derivatives. Postgresql is an open source object-relational database system with over 30 years of active development that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, feature robustness, and performance. Postgres, is a free and open-source relational database management system emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. It was originally named POSTGRES, referring to its origins as a successor to the Ingres database developed at the University of California, Berkeley. PostgreSQL is used as the primary data store or data warehouse for many web, mobile, geospatial, and analytics applications. PostgreSQL can store structured and unstructured data in a single product. # ⚓ Own HowTo ☛ How_to_Install_Flameshot-Screenshot_Software_on Linux⠀⇛ Flameshot is an open source screenshot tool that you can use to take screenshots on Linux. In this tutorial you will learn how to install flameshot on multiple different Linux distributions, and how to use it via GUI and terminal commands. # ⚓ ByteXD ☛ How_to_Pass_Password_to_SCP_Command_in_Linux_using SSHPass_–_ByteXD⠀⇛ SCP stands for secure copy and is used to securely copy files or directories from one Linux environment to another. Using the SCP command you can copy files or directories from a remote environment to a local environment, from a local environment to a remote environment, or between two remote environments in your local environment. There are a number of benefits to using the SCP command to copy files i.e. you can limit the bandwidth which the channel can occupy using the - l tag. SCP command supports password encryption to protect the data from leaking or files being snooped during transfer. Password encryption is what makes SCP secure. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ The_Linux_Directory_Structure,_Explained⠀⇛  If you’ve finally decided to learn more about the Linux operating system, understanding its underlying file system structure is a good place to start. If you have recently switched to Linux from Windows, the lack of C Drive, D Drive, and such familiar naming conventions may confuse you. But fret not, because once you understand how the Linux directory structure is laid out, all your doubts will be clarified. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ Dead_Rising_1_and_2_Make_it_as_Steam_Deck Verified_Titles⠀⇛ But not just Dead Rising! Valve has progressed in testing more games and we are at more than 3700 games validated (3719 games to be precise at the time of publication) on the Steam Deck – in two categories… # ⚓ Linux_is_more_popular_than_ever,_thanks_to_Valve’s_Steam Deck_|_PCGamesN⠀⇛ The Steam Deck is undeniably a popular handheld gaming PC, and its street cred is helping Linux grab a larger slice of the market pie. While Windows 10 still reigns supreme within the operating system scene, more Steam users than ever are playing games on versions of the Unix-like OS. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ KDE_Dev-Vlog_4:_Too_Much_Spectacle!_–_Felix_Ernst⠀⇛ Sometimes it is the smallest thing that makes the biggest difference for our users. This video shows the cause and the thoughts behind such a small change on a small application. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Magazine ☛ GNOME_43_To_Bring_Some_Exciting_New Features⠀⇛ The first alpha of GNOME 43 should be released before the GUADEC 2022 conference (July 20-25th) in Guadalajara, Mexico (which is the first in-person GNOME event since the pandemic hit). Although GNOME 43 isn’t going to be ready for the masses any time soon, there are a few features that should get you excited about the upcoming release. First off, GNOME 43 will introduce support for Web Apps (with a particular focus on Progressive Web Apps – PWAs) in GNOME Software. Because of this, users will find even more available applications to install. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § Fedora Family / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Red_Hat_Satellite_6.11_is_now available⠀⇛ We are pleased to announce the availability of Red Hat Satellite 6.11. This release includes many new and updated features, including an improved user interface/user experience and new features to simplify operation and administration. For more details on these and a complete list of new and improved features, see the release notes. For instructions on performing a fresh installation of Red Hat Satellite 6.11, see Installing Satellite Server from a Connected Network or Installing Satellite Server from a Disconnected Network. # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Achieving_speed_and_accuracy_through event-driven_automation⠀⇛ Companies are on a journey toward using automation more strategically across their organizations, and automating IT functions is a key step toward achieving this goal. One case in point for automation as a strategy is Discover Financial Services, where they have set an “Extreme Automation” strategy that underpins automation in everything they do. Other companies are pursuing similar strategies as well. # ⚓ Phoronix ☛ PulseAudio_&_Systemd_Creator,_Lennart Poettering,_Reportedly_Leaves_Red_Hat_–_Phoronix⠀⇛ He’s still active in systemd world with new commits made as of today, so it will be interesting to see where he ends up or his next moves with his vast Linux ecosystem expertise and pivotal role in spearheading systemd’s direction. # ⚓ Silicon Angle ☛ Red_Hat_follows_open-source_game_plan_to drive_the_enterprise_hybrid_future [Ed: Disclosure missing. This publisher gets paid by Red Hat to produce these puff pieces.]⠀⇛ Red Hat Inc. Chief Executive Officer Paul Cormier recently offered two key points at the start of the company’s Summit in May: Companies will have to adopt a hybrid model whether desired or not, and open-source code is driving the future of IT. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Write_a_SystemTap_script_to_trace_code_execution on_Linux_|_Red_Hat_Developer⠀⇛ Learn from our experts about how SystemTap allows you to add instrumentations to Linux systems to better understand kernel and application behavior. # ⚓ Red Hat ☛ Debugging,_Hedy,_and_nostalgia:_3_talks_at_OpenJS World_2022⠀⇛ Red Hat recently attended OpenJS World 2022, held on June 6-10 in Austin, TX. This OpenJS Foundation event, which after nearly two years was finally held in person again, brought together the JavaScript and Node.js ecosystems. The summit started with two days of excellent keynotes and talks, followed by two days of passionate discussions during the Collaborators Summit. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Behind_open_DORS_–_Conference_organizers_share their_thoughts_on_Canonical,_Ubuntu,_snaps,_and_open-source_| Ubuntu⠀⇛ A Linux conference almost as old as Linux itself. In mid-May, DORS/CLUC hosted its 29th event at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing in Zagreb, Croatia. With a long history of participation and contribution to open source communities, Canonical was one of the sponsors at the conference, with a busy schedule that included a presentation on snaps, an Ask Me Anything (AMA) session, and several interviews. Typically, at conference events, the conference presenters (and attendees) are the ones who get interviewed. This time, we decided to add a spin. I interviewed the event’s organizers. For a good hour and half, I spoke to Svebor Prstacic, the president of HrOpen and Vedran Lebo, the co-chair of the conference and president of HULK (an aptly acronymized organization that translates to The Croatian Linux Users Association). We discussed the origins of DORS, the value and importance of Linux and open source, the relation with Canonical, and the future. o § Open Hardware/Modding⠀➾ # ⚓ Arduino ☛ Brenda_is_classic_automata_nightmare_fuel_| Arduino_Blog⠀⇛ Art is a strange thing. Sometimes its purpose is purely aesthetic. Sometimes it makes a statement. And sometimes it exists to disturb. Kinetic art is no different and some robots fall into this category. Graham Asker’s art elicits pondering on the relationship between humans and robots, as well as the relationships between different robots. But as Brenda, a classical-style automaton, demonstrates, Asker’s art can also induce nightmares. Brenda and her companion Brian are strange, bodiless robots designed to mimic the aesthetics of automatons from myth and history. Each robot is a construction of beautiful brass, mechanical joints, linkages, and cables. Servos hidden inside the bases of the robots actuate the various joints, giving Brenda and Brian the ability to emote. Most of their “facial” movement is in their eyes. Lifelike eyeballs look around from within heavy eyelids, while pivoting eyebrows help to convey expressions. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Gboard_and_SwiftKey_are_unsurprisingly the_most_popular_Android_keyboard_apps_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Change_your_autofill_settings_on_Android_– Here’s_how⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gizmodo ☛ Your_Next_Android_Phone’s_Lock_Screen_Could_Be Filled_With_Ads⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Central ☛ Chrome_OS_‘Game_Mode’_may_support_Android games,_but_there_are_some_challenges_|_Android_Central⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Android_users_need_to_update_Chrome_ASAP_to patch_severe_vulnerability_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ Spotify_Not_Working_For_You_On_Android? A_Fix_Is_In_The_Works⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ Android_12_Lands_On_Samsung’s_Galaxy A02s,_Galaxy_A21s_&_Galaxy_A03s⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Asus_ROG_Phone_6_Pro_review:_Game_on_– Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Android_Auto_7.9_now_available_in_beta,_as previous_update_rolls_out_widely_–_9to5Google⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Verge ☛ HTC_quietly_announced_a_new_Android_tablet — and_nobody_noticed_–_The_Verge⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ GameSir_X3_is_a_game_controller/cooler_hybrid_for your_Android_phone⠀⇛ # ⚓ TuxPhones ☛ Pixel_3A_becomes_the_first_device_to_achieve_a 100%_Ubuntu_Touch_support_score⠀⇛ The Pixel 3A was released in 2019 by Google as a cheaper alternative to the Pixel 4, and is powered by a Snapdragon 670 processor coupled with 4GB RAM, an OLED display, and a 3000mAh battery. Being somewhat popular among the developer community, it was two years ago that this device obtained the first beta porting of Ubuntu Touch. The main reason for the popularity of the Pixel 3 is its compact form factor and excellent camera capabilities, and it was adopted very quickly after its release as a feasible candidate for Ubuntu thanks to its versatility and relatively powerful SoC. What is new is that the Pixel 3A has finally reached a 100% “feature compatibility” score on the Ubuntu Touch page, making it fully able to run the OS stably and integrate it with all major existing peripherals, thus essentially enabling worry-free usage as a daily driver. In fact, not even the historically supported BQ Aquaris M10, Volla Phone and OnePlus One can currently boast the same 100% feature support score, although this is sometimes determined by subtleties in the onboard peripherals e.g. unsupported FM radio, not existing on newer models, or NFC, who arguably uses on a Linux phone nowadays. * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ Medevel ☛ SearXNG:_The_Open_Source_Metasearch_Engine_that_puts your_Privacy_First⠀⇛ SearXNG is a free internet metasearch engine which aggregates results from various search services and databases. Users are neither tracked nor profiled. You can easily find dozens of secure and private instances for your search that are hosted securely for free on many servers. Furthermore, some of these servers are hosted on Tor, which grants more security and privacy. o § Events⠀➾ # ⚓ Apache Blog ☛ The_Apache_Software_Foundation_Announces ApacheCon_2022_Schedule_:_The_Apache_Software_Foundation Blog⠀⇛ – The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), the all- volunteer developers, stewards, and incubators of more than 350 open source projects and initiatives, announced today the initial schedule for ApacheCon North America 2022. ApacheCon is the annual convention of the Apache Software Foundation, showcasing content from many of the project communities at the ASF. ApacheCon will be held at the Canal Street Sheraton in New Orleans, LA, from October 3-6, 2022. ApacheCon this year will feature four days of sessions, with seven tracks each day. Tracks will focus on Search, Big Data, Internet of Things, Community, Geospatial, Cassandra, Financial Tech, and many other topics. For the full schedule, visit the ApacheCon North America 2022 website. Each evening will also feature Birds of a Feather (BoF) sessions, where communities will have an opportunity for freeform discussion and planning around our various projects. o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ TDF/LibreOffice_QA/Dev_Report:_June_2022⠀⇛ LibreOffice 7.3.4 was released on June 9 o § FSF⠀➾ # ⚓ FSF ☛ Free_Software_Directory_on_IRC:_Friday,_July_8, starting_at_12:00_EDT_(16:00_UTC)_—_Free_Software_Foundation —_Working_together_for_free_software⠀⇛ Join the FSF and friends Friday, July 8, from 12:00 to 15:00 EDT (16:00 to 19:00 UTC) to help improve the Free Software Directory. o § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Access/Content⠀➾ # ⚓ Medevel ☛ MedPix:_Free_Open-Access_to_Thousands_of Medical_images,_Real_Cases_and_Medical_Topics⠀⇛ MedPix® is a free open-access online database of medical images, teaching cases, and clinical topics, integrating images and textual metadata including over 12,000 patient case scenarios, 9,000 topics, and nearly 59,000 images. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o § Entrapment (Microsoft GitHub)⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSSLife ☛ Software_Freedom_Conservancy_Issues_Call_to_Give Up_GitHub⠀⇛ The Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), a non- profit organization centered around FOSS rights and copyleft compliance, has issued a statement urging developers to leave GitHub, citing FOSS license infringement and other concerns following GitHub’s release of Copilot as a for-profit tool. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ CISA ☛ Google_Releases_Security_Update_for_Chrome_|_CISA⠀⇛ Google has released Chrome version 103.0.5060.114 for Windows. This version addresses vulnerabilities that an attacker could exploit to take control of an affected system. # ⚓ Naked Security ☛ Google_patches_“in-the-wild”_Chrome_zero- day_–_update_now!_–_Naked_Security⠀⇛ Google’s latest update to the Chrome browser fixes a varying number of bugs, depending on whether you’re on Android, Windows or Mac, and depending on whether you’re running the “stable channel” or the “extended stable channel“. # ⚓ Stable_Channel_Update_for_Desktop⠀⇛ A full list of changes in this build is available in the log. Interested in switching release channels? Find out how here. If you find a new issue, please let us know by filing a bug. The community help forum is also a great place to reach out for help or learn about common issues. # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Tuesday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Debian (blender and thunderbird), SUSE (ImageMagick, qemu, and sysstat), and Ubuntu (php7.0). # ⚓ USCERT ☛ Prepare_for_a_New_Cryptographic_Standard_to Protect_Against_Future_Quantum-Based_Threats [Ed: More quantum-hype from NIST/NSA, proponents and spreaders of back doors]⠀⇛ The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has announced that a new post-quantum cryptographic standard will replace current public- key cryptography, which is vulnerable to quantum- based attacks. Note: the term “post-quantum cryptography” is often referred to as “quantum- resistant cryptography” and includes, “cryptographic algorithms or methods that are assessed not to be specifically vulnerable to attack by either a CRQC [cryptanalytically relevant quantum computer] or classical computer.” (See the National Security Memorandum on Promoting United States Leadership in Quantum Computing While Mitigating Risks to Vulnerable Cryptographic Systems for more information). # ⚓ Understanding_and_Preventing_Dependency_Confusion_–_FOSSA⠀⇛ Dependency confusion is a software supply chain exploit that takes advantage of a quirk in certain package managers to inject unwanted (and potentially malicious) code. These attacks are based on the fact that many package managers check public code registries for a package before private registries. Accordingly, if a package exists in a private registry, an attacker could register a package of the same name with the public registry. Then, when a new install occurs, the malicious version on the public registry would be pulled in. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ Signal⠀⇛ Signal is a proprietary chat app that ties accounts to phone numbers. [...] Signal leaks your phone number to everyone you talk to, and if you want to quit using it, everyone who had you on there can no longer text you, and if, when you get a new phone number, you get the used phone number of someone who used to have signal, you’re SOL. It literally destroys the texting capability of phones. A phone needs to do three things and it destroys one of them, infects that feature and locks it into its own network. It’s more of a virus than an app. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Daniel Pocock ☛ From_ham_radio_to_Bushmaster_in_Ukraine⠀⇛ With Australia’s new prime minister visiting Europe, one of the hot topics in the news was whether he would visit Ukraine and maybe give them some more Bushmasters. He did. When I did my ham radio exam back in 1993, it was in a room at the defence factory in Bendigo, Australia. Not long after that I got onto the two meter band and made contact with the cosmonauts on the Mir space station and the NASA STS-59 Shuttle mission. The world has changed and I doubt anybody in Bendigo today would like the thought of Russian spacecraft passing overhead. The defence factories in Bendigo were acquired by Thales and that is where they are making the Bushmasters. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ SpellBinding:_JYNSTUL_Wordo:_HAMES⠀⇛ # ⚓ Naturam_Expelles_Furca⠀⇛ Back in April or so I discovered that rats are partying in my car’s engine compartment. After trapping a couple of rats in a giant tubular rat trap that somehow fit between the radiator and the cylinders, I was elated and felt like I was pretty smart. But… =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 5600 ➮ Generation completed at 02:40, i.e. 53 seconds to (re)generate ⟲