𝕿𝖊𝖈𝖍𝖗𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙𝖘 Bulletin for Wednesday, December 28, 2022 ┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅┅ Generated Thu 29 Dec 02:41:57 GMT 2022 Created by Dr. Roy Schestowitz (𝚛𝚘𝚢 (at) 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚣 (dot) 𝚌𝚘𝚖) Full hyperlinks for navigation omitted but are fully available in the originals The corresponding HTML versions are at 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈 Latest in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕 and older bulletins can be found at 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒕𝒙𝒕-𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔 Full IPFS index in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔 and as plain text in 𝒉𝒕𝒕𝒑://𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒔.𝒐𝒓𝒈/𝒊𝒑𝒇𝒔/𝒕𝒙𝒕 Gemini index for the day: gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/ ╒═══════════════════ 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐁𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐒 ════════════════════════════════════╕ Previous bulletins in IPFS (past 21 days, in chronological order): Qme6wheEKimQwauNrUa2HdWuHW39unWrCNHkenNBZynvWf QmQHZvL9iG7GQCdxV1Zkr1SFySsQJaamRJ7AYK9BphiEMQ QmcFHsyQGaiMfwHfdP4bVFof2wQaKcG3nTnFVodehzsUrf QmRDqLW6m2gg8NR4aFbzPgtLMjZfkcdrwfoBbBrENHTXKj Qmcj5EHanYd6dSt2degUEWTEyqqoyygQduM5qxSoUY9tbQ QmdRJwsbsXgydBbvrvinQ8ybSqJWBJpS39D3VBcY5DSd3G Qmb4EjHKEYahRXurhmzoyhxRGEPvXqTA7AcQPuzLrKfJGh QmeFrf4tqX8a5FgfN4cMTHFas3gdjg8g34A9iryCnBvtMG QmVK3bkZbD5g3xuJVLcQEb4nbz82bgKPeuhqrZfSGDbnWj QmcMmjkkKEkp8tPhvcRuQqQEthfDb2Nksw3RYrGfjUfw3Q QmfQQhspUHkt3SuJBA5fzqjRPqzZGW5MrbYgrDoP7udz1f QmVUTRpCU7PcTDC7kj2yHWWkV5Mhg6XD2yLq9ekqQv4xj5 QmVwJZvv6r7xzdhVLH4kTyoCkuFgsArexoVuFbayx9A5N5 QmNhjQG4XJrooeuqLbPUPR9RtcgJkwZXoswD1oPWfgY7kD QmX23uBSayrQrZ3iRx2A9hTusXL5Qh1iQYgKiEFEXVheje QmcYNvBka24tu2hBsNQvBVNcTjpuUCQEfzcyW15SJLsr1Y QmYTdvgUUtSuvEKMNdZJRgJFYocLqB3fhxmt8qv13qfA9k QmcJ2fTtAvxD5pUALCXvrhAptqfYZYBPhYtyH3LP59jAmm QmaHh3rcF6g1UkYaeQMy8YKRuBj1LWfFt5DuaV6zofEsKC QmbuG1onEhQaW6rPEagzCe7S1rrm3GzuhFgsmM6jL2TBZS QmY4eU9zG8ckdDYJVc11Fmqezkxur7EKvrCfBGK5RtRH44 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐗 ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⦿ When Companies Are Kinship Cliques That Refuse to Listen to Technical Staff | Techrights ⦿ GAFAM Against Higher Education: University Centralised IT Has Failed. What Now? | Techrights ⦿ [Meme] What’s Worse? Monopoly or Polygamy? | Techrights ⦿ IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, December 27, 2022 | Techrights ⦿ ’Linux’Hint (LinuxHint) is Promoting Microsoft, Windows, and Proprietary Software After Editorial Change/Handover (Updated) | Techrights ⦿ The Only Solution Would be Abolition of All Software Patents | Techrights ⦿ Remember Who Biden’s Administration Put in Charge of the US Patent Office | Techrights ⦿ Tribalism at Sirius ‘Open Source’ | Techrights ⦿ What Happens When Flunkies Who Really Work for Google and Microsoft End Up Working ’for’ (at the Expense of) Universities’ IT Departments | Techrights ䷼ Bulletin articles (as HTML) to comment on (requires login): http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/abusing-technical-staff/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/andy-farnell-on-british-universities/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/friend-brings-a-friend-at-sirus/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/irc-log-271222/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/linuxhint-shills-windows/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-elimination/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-under-biden/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/toxic-company-of-bedroom-politics/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/universities-in-the-cloud/#comments ䷞ Followed by Daily Links (assorted news picks curated and categorised): http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/everyone-in-lastpass-at-risk-now/#comments http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/protonup-qt-v2-7-7/#comments ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 72 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/abusing-technical-staff/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/abusing-technical-staff/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ When_Companies_Are_Kinship_Cliques_That_Refuse_to_Listen_to_Technical_Staff⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software at 11:21 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum cfd19bcb3213d2172eaf3999500f03b5 Sirius Closed Minded Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/sirius-clique.webm Summary: This year’s Sirius ‘Open Source’ (or Sirius Corporation, the fake former company) isn’t run by geeks but by people who view geeks as a threat; this dooms the company irreversibly THE management at Sirius_‘Open_Source’ is almost the majority of staff now (yes, more administrators than cooks inside the kitchen!) and it has brought an element to the company that the company cannot leave behind. It is beyond redemption. The video above deals with the latest part of the report, which generally explains how a family of three adults (don’t say “threesome”, it’s a sensitive term) suggested lowering the already-low salary of long-serving technical workers. The more shocking revelations about Sirius are yet to come (mostly next month). We assume there are other companies out there that act similarly, so it is important to identify and meticulously explain the patterns. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 117 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/andy-farnell-on-british-universities/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/andy-farnell-on-british-universities/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ GAFAM_Against_Higher_Education:_University_Centralised_IT_Has_Failed._What Now?⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Google, Microsoft, Servers at 12:03 am by Guest Editorial Team Guest post by Dr. Andy Farnell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇Andy Farnell⦈ Summary: Today we commence a 4-part series about what has happened to British universities (probably not only universities and not just in Britain either), based on an insider, a visiting professor at several European Universities An article I wrote for the Times HE on “Eliminating harmful digital technologies in education” generated some attention and comments. I’ve been asked “What can we do?” That is to say, I failed to properly address the implied call to arms and merely enumerated the technological problems in education. Smart people want to hear about solutions, not problems. First I wanted to move the conversation beyond the self-evident and visible, like invasive CCTV cameras, card access systems (and soon phone tracking, fingerprint and face scanners) that give our places of learning all the warmth of a Category-A high-security facility for child sex offenders. “Smart people want to hear about solutions, not problems.”This isn’t necessary. Visiting London I sometimes wander into the Gower Street quad to enjoy a coffee with my Alma Mater. In University College London, it’s possible and pleasant to wander the halls to reminisce. There are not too many cameras to spoil the architecture and security is still handled by the famous maroon jacketed Beadles. UCL seems to blend seamlessly into the leafy squares of Bloomsbury accommodating many buildings with open doors and welcoming receptionists. By contrast, other universities have degenerated into carceral gulags, accessible only by appointment, through turnstiles and scanners and patrolled by black- clad goonies. Certainly we must keep reminding the world that a digital dystopia is inappropriate in the context of teaching and learning. Offensive technology must not be allowed to fade into the background, to become normalised, quiescent and acceptable. But these are only the visible manifestations of a deeper malaise. Drifting from a public good into the waters of brutal corporate values, the academy – lured by the siren song of a security industry – has marked its own students as pirates and brigands. One backwater university began blocking students from forwarding mail from their institutional Microsoft accounts to their personal inboxes, on the grounds that they might “exfiltrate teaching materials”. In a world where MIT and Stanford put their best courses online for free it beggars belief what goes through the minds of ICT staff so cloistered and divorced from core functions. “Drifting from a public good into the waters of brutal corporate values, the academy – lured by the siren song of a security industry – has marked its own students as pirates and brigands.”Of course, in the name of fairness the same implied criminality and untrustworthiness is extended to staff. Anyone trying to run labs or prepare teaching materials for microelectronics, IoT, web technology, or cybersecurity, must face stiff resistance to any non-Microsoft activity that cannot be brought under boot of centralised surveillance. I wonder, other than digital rights researchers like myself; who else is watching this death spiral in the academy? College unions like the UCU and NUS (student union) seem to have little or no awareness of the digital rights abuses perpetrated against staff and students in our universities under the banners of “security” and “efficiency”. “It serves everyone but the key stakeholders in education; lecturers and students.”Offensive technology serves the chancellors, trustees, landlords, governments, industries, advertisers, sponsors, technology corporations, suppliers and publishers. It serves administrators who believe technology will deliver fast, efficient, uniform, accountable, secure, and most of all cheap education. It serves everyone but the key stakeholders in education; lecturers and students. The cost of draconian over-monitoring is that it corrodes our ability to teach and learn as fully human beings. But again, monitoring and obstruction are only two aspects of the technological menace facing teaching. I was asked to look at all forms of harmful technology, and these cannot be located in specific systems or policies, Instead I enumerated broad categories of harm, namely technologies that; * disenfranchise and disempower * dehumanise * discriminate and exclude * extract or seek rent * coerce and bully * mislead or manipulate On reflection I would add a few less general harms to the original Times HE list, being technologies that; * distract * waste time * waste resources * gaslight and disturb █ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠐⠉⠀⠀⠀⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡊⣽⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⣼⣮⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⣠⣴⣾⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠹⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠾⠿⠻⠿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠋⠁⣠⣴⣾⢁⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⡂⠀⠁⣴⣿⡿⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡴⠀⠀⢀⣾⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⡿⠟⠋⠁⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⠀⠀⠀⣿⢰⣶⡿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⣙⠈⠉⠉⠙⠋⠙⠋⠁⠀⡿⣄⣦⣍⡄⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣀⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⢀⠀⠉⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡔⠚⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠐⠹⠛⠂⠀⠀⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⣿⣿⣿⢏⢆⠃⣧⣗⣿⢸⢸⣿⡇⡀⢰⣄⠀⡀⠀⢀⠀⠀⢌⠐⢴⣶⣿⣷⣆⡄⠀⠀⡀⣄⡆⢿⣯⣿⣾⣿⣽⣿⣏⣟⢿⣴⢶⣶⢦⣤⠀⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⢸⠿⠣⢴⡮⢦⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠨⢹⡇⠃⣾⣿⡇⣾⣯⢰⣰⡄⠈⢷⣶⡝⣿⣿⠏⠁⢠⣼⣽⣿⣷⠸⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⢹⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⣷⣄⠀⣀⡀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠪⡍⡄⡌⡕⢸⠆⢹⣿⣿⣿⣸⢸⠹⣧⣿⣟⣧⣿⣿⡏⠆⣿⣄⠈⢵⣿⣞⡆⠀⠀⡞⣿⡿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⡔⣿⢸⣿⠀⣯⣿⣿⣧⠀⢠⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠰⠡⢡⣇⣂⡄⠁⢸⣿⣟⡿⣿⣿⢸⡿⣿⣷⣿⣸⣿⣧⢷⢿⢿⣦⠘⣿⣻⡷⠀⣜⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⢐⣿⢽⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⣿⡏⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠻⣯⠛⡆⠀⠀⠀⢈⠄⠈⠏⡝⣾⣾⢫⡅⠀⢸⢺⣷⡷⣿⣿⣺⡇⣿⣿⣻⣾⣿⣷⣹⣽⣿⣿⣧⢺⣗⠻⢰⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⡿⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⡏⣸⣻⣼⠇⣾⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠶⠀⠄⢸⢆⢠⢡⢹⣷⡯⣾⠰⢨⢸⢽⢽⡯⣿⣿⣿⣗⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣺⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⡽⠇⣾⣿⣗⣿⣿⣽⡇⡏⣿⣟⣿⣿⢻⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⢸⠀⣿⢇⡿⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣃⣏⡶⠿⣿⢯⡇⢰⢸⣻⢹⡇⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⢸⡏⣯⡤⣿⣟⡗⣿⣿⣽⡇⣓⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢸⢸⣮⣸⠃⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢽⣾⣿⣏⡟⢿⡄⠈⠸⢼⠔⠆⣿⣿⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⢺⡇⡇⠀⠟⣿⡧⣿⣿⣿⡇⡯⣿⢭⣹⣿⣿⢗⣿⣯⣿⡇⣽⣼⠀⠇⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠹⣿⣾⣿⣿⡧⠀⢸⣿⡇⣇⢿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣽⡇⣭⠅⣴⣽⣿⣿⣾⢸⡏⢛⣿⢸⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⡿⣿⣷⣷⣺⠐⠀⣮⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⡬⣬⢡⠄⢀⢹⣿⣿⣿⡱⠀⠨⢾⡇⣷⠰⠸⢺⡷⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⡯⣿⣿⣿⡟⣇⠛⢸⡇⣯⣿⣿⣿⣺⢂⣹⣿⣽⢸⣷⡿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⢩⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⢧⢏⣿⣽⣸⣒⣟⣿⣯⠟⡄⠘⢻⣇⣿⣿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⠀⠻⣿⣿⢾⢸⣿⣿⣹⣿⣟⣿⢸⣿⣇⣿⣾⣿⣯⣿⡿⠀⠀⣯⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠋⣯⢸⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣼⡋⠀⠀⠰⡷⣿⢾⣿⡆⣷⢿⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⢠⠀⢻⣹⣿⣏⣭⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣸⣿⡷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⢠⢿⣿⣟⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣷⡿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⡜⠇⢽⡜⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣷⠀⠀⠘⡏⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⢸⣿⡇⣿⢽⡿⡿⣿⢸⣿⣿⢿⡿⠀⣽⡟⣿⣿⣯⣏⠻⢺⣿⣿⢽⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⠁⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡾⣿⣿⡽⣯⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠂⢳⣜⠿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠂⣟⣻⣿⡗⣿⣺⣷⣷⣾⢸⣟⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⢹⡇⠅⣿⣧⣿⣿⣽⣿⣶⣆⡙⢿⣿⣾⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣧⢿⣿⣟⢿⡝⢿⣟⣷⣽⣟⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢂⠑⣢⡹⠯⠻⠊⠛⣛⣳⣄⡀⠀⠩⠘⠟⠃⠛⠹⠿⠏⠻⠹⠿⠿⢺⡟⣿⣿⣽⣇⡈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣩⣻⢧⣿⣿⣿⣿⡃⠀⠀⠹⣞⠻⠝⠑⠩⣆⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⢀⣤⢰⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠄⠄⠄⣭⣿⢽⣟⣟⢾⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⣗⠳⢿⣫⠏⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣐⢛⡛⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 277 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/friend-brings-a-friend-at-sirus/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/friend-brings-a-friend-at-sirus/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ [Meme]_What’s_Worse?_Monopoly_or_Polygamy?⠀✐ Posted in Site_News at 1:06 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Quite the “living arrangement”… 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Friend_brings_a_friend_at_Sirius⦈_ Summary: Sirius_‘Open_Source’ has a polygamy_problem and people aren’t allowed to speak about the professional and technical issues that leads to 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Three's_Company⦈_ ⣤⣀⡀⢤⣴⣴⣾⣦⣄⢷⣾⣿⣦⣺⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠾⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣦⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⢀⡀⢀⣀⣀⣰⣾⣿⣾⣿⡆⣴⣶⣾⣟⣀⣔⣒⣰⣶⣶⣿⣷⡦⣦⣶⣂ ⠀⠈⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⢼⡿⠂⠈⠛⡿⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⡀⢀⢀⠀⠀⣶⣤⣄⣀⣀⢆⣿⡇⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣻⣿⢇⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⢁⡊⠿⣿⡧⡟⠓⠁ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⡀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠁⢸⣿⣿⣷⣶⣤⣴⣯⣼⣿⣿⣿⣭⣯⣽⣷⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣊⣉⣡⣧⢿⣉⠡⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⣽⠖⣔⣅⠓⠤⠅⠳⠦⠀ ⠀⠀⠤⠴⡍⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣜⣛⠛⠀⠿⠻⠇⠘⠛⠛⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣭⣥⣥⣤⣄⣌⣅⣀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡀⢀⠀⠀⣀⣄⣀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣇⠉⡊⠘⠿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣶⠦⣶⣶⠠⣴⣪⣮⣯⣭⣭⣿⣽⣟⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⡉⢻⡏⢹⠉⢉⡍⠘⡇⢸⡇⢸⣇⠐⠒⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠤⣄⠉⡇⢸⡇⢸⣿⠀⣧⠈⢃⣀⣧⣈⣁⣼⣿⡟⠛⠉⠻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣤⣶⣿⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠻⢿⣿⡏⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠃⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠙⢷⣶⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣛⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣦⣤⡄⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠈⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠉⠛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠈⢙⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠹⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿ ⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⢻⣿⡷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣽⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⠀⢹⢿⣿⣧⣿⣷ ⣿⣿⠀⢰⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣷⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣠⣤⣄⣤⣤⡄⣠⣤⣤⣤⣦⣤⣴⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣷ ⣿⣿⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠛⠟⢻⠛⠛⠛⡟⠻⠛⠛⢿⡟⠛⠛⡟⠛⠻⠛⡟⢻⠛⠟⠛⢻⠛⠛⣿⣿⠛⢻⣿⡟⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣛⠀⠃⡀⢸⠀⢛⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⢸⡇⠈⠁⠆⠘⢠⠀⡇⠈⠀⠀⠗⠸⣀⠑⣾⡿⠀⠸⣿⡇⢘⡇⠈⢠⠀⡇⠘⡇⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣀⣿⣀⣆⣀⣸⣀⣛⣀⣆⣀⣀⣁⣼⣇⣘⣁⣄⣰⣈⣀⣇⣰⣀⣄⢉⣀⣀⢂⣼⣇⣰⣀⣿⣇⣸⣇⣠⣈⣀⣇⡘⣃⣰⣀⡀⢁⣰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⣞⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⡿⠀⠟⠟⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠛⠟⠛⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠛⠿⠿⠟⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠉⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠻⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢠⡾⢋⣙⠻⣿⣿⣿⠟⠻⣿⡇⠘⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠙⣿⣿⡟⠀⠘⣿⣿⡿⠛⠉⠛⣿⣿⣷⡀⠘⣿⣿⣿⠛⠉⠛⠛⠿⡇⠘⣿⣿⣿⠛⠋⠛⠛⠿⡆⢿⣿⡇⣴⣿⣿⠛⠉⣉⣙⢻⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠸⣇⠻⣿⡇⢹⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⠃⠀⢻⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⢻⣿⣧⣀⣀⣤⣿⣿⠟⠀⠀⢹⣿⣇⠀⢀⣠⠀⠀⠈⠀⢸⣿⣇⠀⠀⣠⡄⠀⠀⠀⠼⠃⠻⣿⣿⣦⣄⣛⠿⠿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠙⠛⠋⠁⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡿⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⡿⠋⠙⠻⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣈⣙⡛⠿⢿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⡆⠀⢀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⣾⣿⣏⠀⠀⠈⠀⣀⣴⠀⣾⣿⣏⠀⠀⠈⠃⣀⣴⠀⠀⢰⣿⠁⣼⣿⠆⠀⣹⣿⣿⠀⢀⡴⠛⠉⠛⢷⣦⡀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠾⠿⠿⠿⠷⠄⠀⠀⠾⠿⠿⠿⠄⠀⠠⠿⠿⠿⠷⠀⠾⠿⠿⠿⠄⠀⠀⠙⠿⠿⠦⠼⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠿⠿⠇⠼⠿⠿⠿⠷⠶⠶⠿⠿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠙⠷⣦⣤⣤⣶⠿⠟⠋⠀⢸⣧⣤⣄⠀⠀⣿⣇⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⠿⠿⠀⢠⣿⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⠟⠉⣉⡉⠻⣦⠀⣠⣶⣿⠟⠋⠉⠛⢿⣷⣦⠈⢿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠈⢿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠻⢿⣿⣶⡄⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢠⣾⠟⠀⠀ ⠀⢰⣿⣿⡇⠀⣾⣿⡿⢀⣿⢰⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⣰⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⣏⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⡷⢸⣿⠏⠻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⣿⣿⠃⠙⢿⣿⣆⢀⣴⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠘⠻⠿⠛⠁⢸⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡟⢸⣿⠁⢹⣿⣷⣼⡿⠁⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣶⣦⣶⣾⣿⠿⢣⣿⡏⠀⠀⣻⣿⣿⡀⠀⢸⣿⡏⠙⠻⣿⣷⣤⣿⡿⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠘⢿⣿⣷⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⠈⢿⣿⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⣰⣿⡿⠃⣼⣿⡆⠀⢻⣿⡿⠁⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣼⣿⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣼⣿⡇⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⠙⠿⠿⠷⠶⠾⠛⠁⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⠶⠶⠾⠟⠋⠀⠼⠿⠿⠿⠄⠀⠛⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡇⠀⠼⠿⠿⠿⠄⣠⣤⡀⠠⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠄⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠇⠀⠀⠰⠿⠿⠿⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⢿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣷⣤⣀⠀⠀⢀⣠⡾⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 351 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/irc-log-271222/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/irc-log-271222/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ IRC_Proceedings:_Tuesday,_December_27,_2022⠀✐ Posted in IRC_Logs at 2:50 am by Needs Sunlight Also available via the Gemini protocol at: * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techrights-271222.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-271222.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-social-271222.gmi * gemini://gemini.techrights.org/irc-gmi/irc-log-techbytes-271222.gmi Over HTTP: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_HTML5 #boycottnovell_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇H 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇HTML5_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_HTML5 #techbytes_log_as_HTML5 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #techrights_log_as_text #boycottnovell_log_as_text 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇t 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇text_logs⦈_ #boycottnovell-social_log_as_text #techbytes_log_as_text Enter_the_IRC_channels_now =============================================================================== § IPFS Mirrors⠀➾ CID Description Object type IRC log for  QmdVJoL5qq47neYkZfCehG9QEHsuYSq9mhVUovkG1tRcfh #boycottnovell 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell  QmaowP8F2FhRmERyacEHt7CT4ygiNfH4nYnPWpjDWePwmL (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmPECATRHoFio1WUgqEw2pk8GW9CUPXEuznKcXvBZdTdQd social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #boycottnovell-  QmUqyFDLo6YzdNyt9ukzefaBc4ZA4HzFaCm8kqPdBkjkMS social 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ (full IRC log as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmYeBkoL2wgfHC7WXf7KT6axYcZUTa19nyp1uvrgZRnHse #techbytes 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techbytes  QmWaxCW5iu9XMLGpe4nmKDzc1uCJ2ngmLnUGoAaLgtuhim (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) IRC log for  QmU3LNBzj8sbxetcjk8J7N3b7QMEBCYWDt5YFSps1aAyV2 #techrights 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇HTML5 logs⦈ (full IRC log as HTML) IRC log for #techrights  QmPt91Eu88LkByJ8NNpBtmTJrv2wTLwpHv2ogw6BJGpmWr (full IRC log 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇text logs⦈ as plain/ASCII text) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇IPFS logo⦈ § Bulletin for Yesterday⠀➾ Local_copy | CID (IPFS): QmY4eU9zG8ckdDYJVc11Fmqezkxur7EKvrCfBGK5RtRH44 ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 478 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/linuxhint-shills-windows/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/linuxhint-shills-windows/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ ‘Linux’Hint_(LinuxHint)_is_Promoting_Microsoft,_Windows,_and_Proprietary Software_After_Editorial_Change/Handover_(Updated)⠀✐ Posted in Deception, GNU/Linux, Microsoft, Windows at 12:12 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Another typical day at ‘Linux’Hint 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇LinuxHint_shills_Windows⦈_ Summary: The above is what we’re getting this early morning in LinuxHint; it has been happening a_lot_lately. Microsofters infesting “Linux” sites is a VERY MAJOR problem. All the readers will go away sooner or later. Rafia Zafar, for instance, has been destroying ‘Linux’Hint by basically promoting the opposite of Linux. Others are doing the same, so it boils down to more than a single person. Every “howto” (e.g. Git instructions) assumes that the reader uses NOT LINUX but Microsoft, GitHub (proprietary and an EEE-style attack on Git), and of course WINDOWS. Are the site’s founders aware of this extreme loss of direction? Here’s an example published 3 hours ago: 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Oracle_and_Windows⦈_ Another new example (added to RSS a few hours ago): 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Windows_and_Microsoft,_proprietary⦈_ There have been like 50 others like the above lately (about Git, promoting Windows and Microsoft GitHub in a site with “Linux” in its name). Sadly, a lot of other “Linux”-named and/or Linux-themed sites have been doing similarly mischievous things lately (many examples in 2022). About half a dozen of them — sites or blogs that we had long followed — resorted to outright linkspam, spamfarming, and other rogue “publications” (not due to the domains being hijacked, merely a change of agenda). We therefore had to remove those from the checking cycles. Update: Only 2 hours have passed since publishing the above. Refreshing ‘Linux’Hint (RSS) again, we see lots more Windows, including Git manuals that are actually for Windows users (in a site called ‘Linux‘Hint) 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Assumes_you_use_Microsoft,_Windows,_Github⦈_ It certainly seems like the people who run the site ‘Linux‘Hint do not use GNU/ Linux. ⡿⢿⠯⢻⣿⣿⡟⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠟⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⠿⠿⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠻⠻⠿⠿⠿⣿⠻⠿⢛⠿⢿⣿⣿⠛ ⢟⢿⡷⣿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠷⠿⠿⢿⠿⢿⣿⣿⠿⠿⡿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣶ ⢓⠚⠛⠛⠒⠚⠃⠓⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠓⠚⠒⠚⠒⠒⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠓⠚⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠚⠛⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠓⠚⠓⠒⠓⠒⠒⠚⠒⠚⠛⠛⠒⠛⠓⠒⠒⠛⠒⠒⠒⠓⠒⠒⠛⠛ ⢄⢤⡤⣤⠤⢤⡄⠀⠄⢀⢠⠤⠠⠄⠤⠤⡄⡤⠤⠤⢤⠀⠤⠠⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⡄⠤⠤⠄⢤⠤⠠⠄⠤⠤⠤⡄⣤⣤⣤⠤⠤⠤⡤⠤⠤⠤⢤⣤⡤⠄⠤⠠⠤⢤⠤⢠⣤⣤⢀⠠⡄⡄⡤⣤⠄⠤⠤⡤⠤⠤⣤⣤ ⢁⠈⠉⠉⠁⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠁⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠉⠉⠀⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠉ ⣄⢠⡤⣤⠤⢀⡄⠠⠤⠄⠀⠠⠤⡄⢤⠀⢤⠤⠠⠄⠤⠤⡄⠀⢠⠤⠤⠤⢤⠠⠤⢤⠀⠄⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⠀⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠄⣤⣤⡤⠄⠤⠠⠤⢤⠀⢠⣤⣤⢀⣀⡄⡄⠀⣤⠒⠶⠶⡖⠲⠖⣶⣶ ⢁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠈⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠁⠈⠀⠉⠀⠈⠁⠀⠀⠉⠁⠁⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⠁⠉⠈⠀⠉⠀⠁⠈⠁⠈⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠈⠁⠁⠈⠁⠁⠁⠈⠁⠀⠁⠀⠀⠈⠀⠈⠉⠉⠈⠉⠁⠀⠀⠉⠀⠉⠈⠉⠈⠀⠉⠉ ⣲⢲⣖⣶⠖⢒⡖⠒⠒⠒⢲⠒⠒⠒⢲⠒⠲⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⠖⢲⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠖⡖⠒⠒⡒⣲⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢶⣶⣶⣶⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠲⣶⡖⠒⡒⠒⠒⢲⠒⢲⣶⣶⠒⣒⡖⠖⠒⣶⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⣶⣶ ⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠈⠉⠉⠉⠁⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉ ⡢⢲⣖⣶⡖⢲⡖⠐⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⠒⢒⠒⠐⢒⡒⢲⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠒⢲⠒⢲⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⠒⠲⣶⡖⠒⡒⠐⠒⢲⠒⢰⣶⣶⠰⣒⡖⠖⠖⣶⠒⠒⠒⡖⠒⠒⣶⣶ ⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠩⠍⠉⠉⠉⠁⡭⠉⠉⠉⠩⠉⠩⠩⠍⠉⠩⠉⠍⠍⠉⠉⠍⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠍⠍⠉⠉⠭⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠍⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠩⠉⠭⠩⠍⠍⠉⠉ ⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠉⠋⠉⠉⠉⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠉⠉⠉⠛⠛⠛⠋⠛⠙⠉ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰ ⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣸ ⣏⣉⣉⣩⣍⣭⣉⣉⣉⣙⣩⣋⣍⣉⣍⣉⣯⣍⣉⣹⣉⣩⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣩⣍⣉⣟⣍⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣩⣉⣏⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣏⣩⣩⣉⣉⣏⣍⣽⣉⣩⣍⣏⣹⣉⣉⣝⣉⣉⣉⣹⣍⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣩⣹⣿ ⣦⣭⣿⣭⣧⣥⣭⣽⣭⣭⣽⣭⣧⣾⣭⣯⣭⣭⣽⣥⣧⣮⣽⣭⣭⣭⣭⣽⣹⣭⣥⣭⣽⣯⣽⣽⣼⣽⣭⣭⣵⣭⣹⣭⣯⣬⣭⣭⣭⣣⣭⣻⣽⣮⣭⣬⣽⣿⣯⣽⣥⣯⣽⣷⣯⣭⣽⣯⣥⣽⣤⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣦⡤⠬⡤⣦⡼⣤⠤⣼⠤⢧⣤⣤⣴⣦⣴⣧⣽⣤⣧⣦⣤⣴⣤⣤⣬⣧⣤⣴⣤⣶⣤⣥⣥⣤⣤⣴⣴⣦⣤⣤⣤⣧⣴⣼⣤⣤⣴⣤⣤⣶⣴⣤⣧⣦⣴⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣤⣴⣦⣤⣤⣼⣴⣧⣤⣴⣤⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣷⣶⣶⣦⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣭⣍⣹⣙⣋⣹⣉⣹⣙⣫⣉⣩⣏⣋⣛⣟⣹⣙⣋⣉⣙⣹⣋⣋⢙⣹⡙⣏⢙⣉⣉⢋⡝⢉⣙⣹⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣹⣉⣛⣉⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣯⣈⢍⣉⣭⢉⣹⣠⣈⣁⣈⣸⣋⣩⣹⣈⣩⡉⡉⢉⢹⡨⡙⣽⢔⢉⣉⡩⣀⠈⣈⣍⠉⣇⣊⣉⣉⣈⣉⣩⣄⣈⣹⣸⣉⡩⣉⣈⡩⣉⣑⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣶⣿⣬⣥⣥⣭⣿⣬⣭⣉⣽⣍⣭⣩⣭⣧⣡⣭⣹⣬⣽⣤⣭⣯⣭⣤⣭⣬⣽⣥⣼⣭⣯⣬⣭⣼⣭⣧⣿⣯⣍⣩⣭⣭⣩⣿⣭⣽⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⡛⠿⠿⣻⡟⠻⠿⢿⠛⠿⣛⠿⠿⠿⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⣿⠒⠺⡿⠻⠓⠓⠟⠺⢳⠟⢺⠛⠛⣳⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⡟⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⠻⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⡿⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣴⣷⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⠿⣻⠛⠛⠿⠻⡟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⡾⠶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣿⢿⠿⡿⣿⢿⠿⣿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣷⣿⣴⣷⣶⣾⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣭⣾⣤⣥⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⢸⣻⣽⣉⣉⣉⣹⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣥⣭⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢤⣤⣀⣀⣀⣀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⣷⣧⣤⣸⣤⣾⣨⣵⣿⣢⣤⣠⣧⣕⣷⣇⣤⣼⣱⣪⣠⣴⣇⣕⣴⣤⣤⣤⣨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣕⣼⣠⣯⣸⣯⣾⣶⣤⣶⣆⣴⣲⣤⣵⣿⣎⣨⣢⣮⣨⣶⣀⣼⣔⣖⣤⣴⣧⣥⣠⣻⣾⣨⣨⣦⣤⣠⣾⣇⣼⣸ ⠀⡏⠉⣉⡋⡫⡋⡋⡋⣯⣛⢉⡍⣟⢽⣝⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣯⡍⠋⡻⡟⠛⢻⡛⡋⠟⢹⠛⠋⢹⡟⡟⣟⠛⠛⠛⣻⡛⠻⢛⢛⢿⠛⢻⠛⢛⢻⢛⡛⣛⣿⡛⢛⡿⣛⠻⠛⡿⡻⡻⠛⠋⠻⢛⠛⣻⢛⢛⢛⠋⠛⢛⡟⣿⠋⢛⢟⢻⠭⣟⠛⢻⡟⣻⡹⠭⣿⡟⣟⠛⠋⣻⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡇⡘⡀⠉⠁⠅⡍⡋⠍⠩⢸⣷⢸⣟⣛⣿⠸⢸⠉⢹⢩⠉⠍⣿⠨⢨⢙⠉⣹⠤⢊⠶⢸⠸⣿⠰⢎⠉⢉⢋⠉⠁⡋⢍⠩⠉⠉⡏⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣵⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣧⣤⣾⣤⣴⣶⣾⣦⣤⣦⣷⣵⣤⣼⣠⣤⣬⣧⣦⣤⣼⣬⣦⣴⣧⣴⣿⣦⣴⣤⣦⣷⣦⣤⣤⣾⣠⣤⣬⣷⣧⣤⣤⣥⣷⣵⣧⣴⣷⣤⣦⣦⣧⣾⣾⣧⣼⣼⣦⣤⣮⣺⣷⣤⣴⣇⣠⣦⣄⣤⣦⣴⣤⣼⣤⣤ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣇⣏⣏⣉⣍⣅⣹⣉⣝⣩⣧⣓⢺⣿⣷⣉⣍⣍⣽⣉⢉⣩⣹⣟⣈⣿⣩⡝⣟⣹⣍⣁⣏⣙⣉⣁⠉⣋⣙⣽⣽⣉⣏⣨⣩⣏⣼⣹⣉⣉⣹⣭⣿⣮⣉⣍⣩⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣷⡖⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⠶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⢶⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⡿⠿⡿⠿⠿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣌⣠⣿⣶⣧⣄⣸⣷⣰⣇⣀⣀⣧⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⢡⠒⡟⢻⠿⠿⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⢡⡒⣟⢻⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠁⠒⡟⠺⠿⠟⠿⣛⠛⠛⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⢣⠒⡟⠚⠻⠿⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠠⠒⡟⠻⠲⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⢣⠖⡟⠿⠻⠟⡻⠟⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠀⠒⡟⠛⠛⠟⠛⠻⠟⡟⠛⠿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠁⠒⡟⠛⠛⠟⠛⠻⢛⡟⠛⠿⣿⠻⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡆⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⢡⠖⡟⠿⠛⠟⠟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠡⠒⡟⠛⠛⢻⠚⢛⠻⠻⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠱⠐⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⡓⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠡⠐⡟⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠟⠛⠟⢛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠇⠄⡟⠛⠻⡛⢛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠐⠚⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠡⠐⡟⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠁⠔⡟⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣗⡻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠓⢻⠱⠆⡟⠛⢻⠛⢻⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠡⠔⡟⠻⠛⣻⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠩⠐⡟⠛⠛⠟⠛⡛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠙⠀⡟⠛⠛⠛⠟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠡⣔⣟⠛⠛⠛⡛⠛⠟⠛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⠩⣔⣟⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⡏⠐⣟⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠛⢻⢡⠘⡟⠛⡛⢻⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⠿⠟⠛⠛⠓⠒⠛⡟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⡛⠟⠛⡚⠞⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣣⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣟⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣙⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⣛⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣯⣉⣉⣩⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⠉⢹⠛⣟⠟⠛⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠒⣿⠛⢻⠛⡛⢛⡛⢻⠛⠛⢻⠛⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⣿⠖⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⣿⠖⢻⠛⠛⠛⢛⠛⠛⠙⢻⡻⠛⠛⡛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⣿⠒⢻⠛⠛⢛⣟⠛⠛⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⣿⠛⢻⣿⠛⠛⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⣿⠟⢻⠛⠛⢻⢙⠋⠛⠛⠙⠛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣇⣫⣨⣀⣀⣧⣴⣅⣽⣣⣁⣼⣸⣇⣅⣕⣀⣔⣡⣾⣿⣡⣇⣨⣈⣢⣢⣄⣂⣯⣬⣏⣌⣠⣿⣿⣰⣇⣖⣄⣀⣮⣢⣀⣀⣈⣢⣠⣠⣸⣵⣽⣇⣆⣤⣠⣀⣄⣸⣘⣄⣤⣤⣀⣀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣙⣛⣛⣙⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣻⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡟⢻⠻⠛⡟⢛⠛⢛⠛⡟⠛⠛⣻⣛⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡟⢛⠣⠘⡏⡙⠙⡏⠙⡋⠛⠛⢻⣿⣿⣿⣟⠙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⢛⡟⠛⢿⡋⠛⠛⢟⡟⣿⣿⣿⠟⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠉⠙⠛⢛⢛⡿⠋⠻⢛⠛⠟⠛⢻⠙⠛⢛⢛⢛⡛⠛⠛⠛⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠘⡉⠛⠋⠛⠋⣙⣛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⠛⡟⠛⢿⠂⠞⠛⠛⠻⠛⡇⣿⣿⡿⠪⢉⣩⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⢚⡟⠛⢿⡛⠛⠙⠛⠛⡛⡃⣿⣿⣿⢝⢛⢛⡟⣻⠙⢛⣛⣍⠋⢻⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⢙⡟⠉⣿⡹⢙⡟⢛⢻⡛⡃⣿⣿⣿⡟⠛⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⢙⡟⠉⣿⢝⠛⠋⡛⠛⣛⡃⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⡟⢙⡟⠋⣿⢝⠛⢻⢝⢛⡛⡃⣿⣿⣿⣺⡉⣙⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣟⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣯⣥⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣿⣿⣯⣴⣶⣾⣶⣾⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣧⣋⣅⣩⣩⣽⣁⣝⣽⣩⣉⣩⣯⣋⣍⣭⣉⣉⣹⢉⣉⣉⣏⣉⣨⣿⣿⣉⣽⣹⣏⣉⣇⣩⣏⣍⣉⣹⢉⣉⢩⣻⣍⣉⣹⣉⣁⣉⣩⣫⣙⣩⣟⣹⣹⣍⣈⣉⣍⣋⣽⣨⣏⣟⣍⣋⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠉⢹⡟⠿⠛⠛⡟⠛⠟⠻⠻⠛⠻⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠛⠛⠛⢛⠙⢻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⡟⠛⢻⠛⠋⠛⠛⠛⠛⣻⣿⠗⡟⠛⠋⠛⢻⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣙⣉⣉⣙⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣉⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⡿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⠟⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠩⠉⠩⠭⠭⠩⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⠭⣽⣿⠯⠭⠭⠭⠍⣿⡿⠛⢿⣿⡿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣤⣤⣤⣶⣶⣮⣭⣭⣭⣭⣭⣵⣿⣟⣬⣭⣭⣭⣤⣿⣿⣦⣾⣿⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠻⢿⡿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⠿⣽⣿⡯⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⢿⢿⠟⠿⠿⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡏⠏⠉⢍⢿⠍⣏⢿⢝⡉⡏⢩⡋⣯⠍⢋⡫⣫⣿⡿⡫⣫⠉⢉⢙⠍⢙⢍⣽⡭⢉⣟⣙⢙⢋⣭⢍⢉⢹⡉⡋⡹⢹⢝⠉⢹⢙⡝⡋⣫⢹⡯⣋⠹⣿⡏⠉⢉⡏⣯⡫⡋⠉⠉⣟⢽⡏⠉⡙⢉⢻⠉⣉⡫⣫⢉⣽ ⠀⡟⠛⠛⠟⢛⠟⠟⠟⡟⠿⠛⡛⡿⡻⡻⣿⠻⣿⣿⢛⢟⠻⠿⣻⣟⠟⠟⡻⠟⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣷⣶⣶⣷⣷⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣷⣾⣶⣿⣿⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣯⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡯⣿⣿⢽⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣶⣾⣴⣵⣧⣿⣴⣼⣥⣦⣦⣼⣼⣯⣽⣿⣿⣴⣶⣧⣿⣴⣾⣴⣧⣿⣴⣼⣼⣧⣦⣶⣷⣶⣶⣧⣶⣼⣼⣧⣧⣿⣴⣷⣾⣧⣿⣴⣿⣿⣷⣿⣴⣵⣴⣧⣧⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡟⢿⠛⡿⡿⠟⠿⡿⢿⡿⢻⡟⠻⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⣿⠿⠻⢿⠿⣿⢟⠻⢛⢿⢻⡟⠻⠻⡿⡿⢿⡟⡿⠿⠟⠻⠻⠿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣇⣌⣆⣀⣀⣃⣆⣅⣢⣘⣸⣏⣐⣿⣿⣿⣘⣸⣀⣀⣸⡠⠂⣿⣘⣰⣨⣀⣺⣒⣠⣛⢸⣘⣃⣶⣠⣃⣀⣸⣇⣃⣄⣃⣠⣀⡣⢡⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡟⡻⠿⠿⠟⠿⡿⠿⠿⢿⠿⠟⢿⣿⡿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠿⣿⠿⠛⠻⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠟⠻⠿⠿⢿⣿⠿⡿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠻⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⣿⠿⠿⡟⠛⡿⠟⢟⠛⣿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣾⣧⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣿⣿⣶⣷⣷⣶⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣾⣿⣷⣷⣾⣷⣶⣶⣶⣥⣷⣾⣶⣶⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣷⣿⣶⣿⣷⣾⣦⣶⣶⣾⣼⣿⣶⣶⣿⣶⣷⣷⣾⣾⣷⣾⣾⣷⣤⣷⣷⣷⣿⣾⣴⣿⣾⣶⣶ ⠀⡿⠿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡿⢿⠿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿ ⠀⣧⣧⣤⣼⣤⣬⣤⣽⣴⣤⣤⣿⣿⣤⣤⣔⣼⣤⣽⣼⣼⣧⣠⣤⣼⣤⣤⣤⣧⣼⣮⣤⣤⣴⣤⣼⣤⣽⣮⣤⣤⣽⣽⣽⣤⣤⣮⣾⣥⣽⣧⣤⣤⣽⣼⣤⣯⣤⣼⣤⣤⣧⣤⣧⣤⣼⣬⣶⣤⣬⣤⣼⣴⣴⣦⣥⣤ ⠀⣇⣉⣙⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⡏⡝⢻⠻⡙⠛⠻⠹⡿⣿⣿⡟⠹⠋⠟⠋⠛⠛⠟⣻⢟⢛⡟⢟⠟⠛⡟⠛⠋⠛⠛⡏⢯⠛⢻⠉⠩⡻⢿⣩⡿⠛⣟⢟⠉⠉⠙⡻⡟⡿⠛⢋⢿⠟⢛⣿⠟⠟⠛⠙⠛⢿⡟⣿⡿⠛⡏⢹⡟⣻⠛⠛⡟⡛⣻⢿⠛ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣷⢶⣶⠶⠖⡶⣲⢶⣿⣿⡶⣶⢶⢶⡶⣶⣶⢶⢶⢶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶ ⠀⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣷⣷⣷⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠀⣇⣪⣉⣹⣩⣏⣿⣿⡿⣉⣉⣇⣩⣻⠍⣉⣟⣹⣁⣽⣉⣉⣈⣸⣙⣉⣉⣇⣨⣉⣏⣩⣍⣙⣹⣨⣉⣁⣏⣈⣉⣋⣈⣋⣍⣉⣇⣙⣉⣽⣍⣉⣹⣉⣨⡉⣁⣋⢍⣉⣉⣿⣩⣿⣁⣉⣹⣹⣉⣉⣉⣉⣈⡙⣏⣉⣻ ⠀⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⡿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ 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⢸⣟⣿⡿⡿⣿⡟⠟⣟⠿⣿⠻⡿⢿⢻⣿⢿⡟⡿⡟⢻⡟⣟⠿⡿⢫⡿⣿⢿⠛⣿⢻⢿⢿⠻⠿⡿⢻⢿⢹⢿⡟⢻⠙⣿⣟⣿⢿⡿⡿⣿⣿⡛⢿⠿⡿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⢿⡟⢻⠿⡿⢿⠿⡿⢻⢿⢿⡿⢻⡿⡟⢙⢻ ⢸⣷⣽⣤⣷⣿⣿⣼⣼⣮⣿⣭⣶⣽⣼⣧⣼⣷⣭⣧⣮⣷⣽⣶⣽⣼⣥⣯⣼⣦⣽⣮⣮⣾⣾⣷⣽⣼⣬⣼⣼⣵⣦⣤⣿⣿⣧⣼⣁⣯⣾⣯⣵⣮⣴⣷⣷⣿⣈⣼⣮⣼⣿⣾⣬⣿⣼⣴⣵⣮⣮⣽⣿⣿⣥⣷⣼⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣮⣍⣽⣿⣿⣟⣿⣻⣋⣭⣏⣟⣿⣿⣋⣍⣟⣹⣂⣉⣏⣈⣅⣋⣋⣘⣏⣝⣿⣻⣿⣟⣿⣿⣻⣿⣏⣩⣿⣸⡟⣿⣻⣋⣉⣁⣈⣹⣽⢋⣟⣟⣍⣿⣹⣩⣿⣟⣟⣹⣟⣿⡝⣹⣿⣟⣹⢫⣫⣫⣻⣭⣋⡝⣝⣿⣹ ⢸⣽⣯⣯⣹⣟⣋⣿⣿⣿⣟⣟⣙⣛⣟⣟⣿⣹⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣹⣻⣯⣛⡻⣏⣻⣉⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣟⣝⣛⣹⣿⣟⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣏⣿⣏⣻⣛⣛⡟⣻⣟⣻⣿⣻⣯⣛⣻⣿⣿⣛⣹⣟⡛⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⡟⣿⡟⡟⠛⠛⠛⡛⣿⣿⡛⢻⣿⢛⡛⠛⠛⢛⣟⢛⠛⠛⡻⣿⣻⣛⣻⠿⠛⣿⡟⣿⣟⡟⠛⢻⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⡿⠛⠛⢻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⡟⢿⠿⠿⠿⢿⡟⠿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⡞⡿⠿⡿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⡿⠿⠟⡿⣿⣿⢟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⡿⣿⡿⠾⡷⢿⢿⡾⢿⡾⢿⡿⣾⣾⢷⣷⣿⡿⡾⣿⢿⠿⢾⠿⠿⣿⡷⢿⠿⡾⣷⢿⠿⠷⡿⡷⣿⡿⣾⣶⢾⢷⡿⢷⠿⡷⡿⢿⡾⢿⠿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⢿⡿⡿⢿⠿⠿⢿⠿⡿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⡷⠷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣷⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣾⡶⣾⣾⣿⣶⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣾⣿⣾⣴⣷⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣾⣶⣶⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣷⣿⣯⣥⣤⣦⣷⣧⣯⣿⣿⣽⣯⣿⣯⣯⣯⣷⣷⣯⣦⣴⣿⣽⣭⣴⣿⣴⣤⣴⣼⣿⣽⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠤⠀⢸⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣟⣏⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣙⣿⣟⣯⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣯⣯⣿⣿⣽⣽⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⣿⠻⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⡫⠻⡛⣻⡟⣻⠻⠋⠋⡟⠛⡛⠛⠛⠛⣻⠛⠛⢻⡟⠛⡟⣟⢟⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠉⠙⢛⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⢟⣿⣷⣿⣿⢿⢿⠟⡿⢿⠿⠿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣰⠿⣿⠾⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠻⣿⢿⢿⡿⣿⡿⣟⢿⡟⡿⡿⢿⡿⡿⡿⢿⠿⡿⣟⣻⡿⠿⠿⠿⣿⠿⡿⣿ ⢸⣷⢷⠿⡿⡷⢷⡾⡶⡿⢾⢾⡶⡿⡷⣿⡾⡿⣾⢾⢾⣶⣶⣿⢿⠿⢿⢇⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣼⣶⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣷⣿⣾⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣾⣾⣿⣾⣶⣾⣾⣷⣶⣿⣾ ⢸⣾⣾⣿⣾⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣶⣷⣿⣾⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣶⣶⣷⡄⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣿⣯⣿⣾⣷⣷⣾⣿⣷⣿⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣾⣾⣷⣾⣧⣿⣿⣮⣯⣿⣶⣶⣷⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣾⣶⣿⣶⣿⣾⣶⣾⣿⣽⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ 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⣿⡿⡿⠷⣻⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣷⣿⣷⣷⣿⣾⣾⣷⣿⣿⣷⣿⣾⣷⣿⣷⣶⣷⣷⣿⣶⣶⡿⠶⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⢀⣀⠀⢀⣴⣷⣿⣾⣿⣶⣿⣄⣀⣷⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣾⣾⡆⣷⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣶⣶⠶⣶⡶⠶⠖⠶⠶⡶⠲⠖⡖⢶⡶⣶⠶⡖⠶⢶⢲⡶⡶⠶⢲⠶⠖⠲⠲⠒⠒⠀⠀⢀⣀⣤⣤⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡖⠲⢶⡶⡖⠲⠶⠆⠀⡒⠒⣒⣒⣒⣒⠀⢐⣲⣶⡒⡖⢲⢲⡂⡖⠶⠶⢶⣶⠶⣶⣶⣶ ⣿⣿⣿⠛⠿⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠻⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⢛⠻⡛⠛⠛⠏⠉⠀⣀⣀⣤⣴⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠻⠛⠛⠟⠛⠛⠃⠀⡟⠛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⡿⠛⠟⠿⠿⠃⡟⠛⠛⢻⡛⠛⢻⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣔⣼⣊⡒⣁⣃⣻⡚⢚⣐⢖⢚⡓⢑⡜⡘⣚⢚⣏⣓⣒⣣⢒⡞⣻⣛⣛⡛⣛⢛⣀⡀⢀⢀⢀⡀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⣀⡀⠀⠀⣀⠉⣿⡇⠀⣟⣛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⣟⢿⢿⠃⡟⣛⡛⣻⣻⣛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⠋⡟⠛⡛⠋⢛⠩⡛⢛⠋⠉⠉⢛⢛⠛⢙⠛⠻⠉⠉⢻⠙⠛⠏⠹⠏⣛⡛⣙⣛⡉⠙⠛⡛⡛⠛⢋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣏⣙⣲⢛⣋⣙⣛⡃⠀⣏⣉⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣉⣏⣹⣹⡁⣏⣙⣛⣻⣋⣛⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣀⣽⣇⣉⣃⣓⡍⣃⣜⣉⣠⣃⣉⣙⣆⢃⣊⣃⡇⣈⣙⣈⣰⣄⣘⣊⢛⣷⣽⣼⣧⣧⣧⣯⣿⣼⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣙⣛⣻⣝⣛⣿⡇⠀⣏⣋⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣍⣏⣹⣻⡅⣏⣛⣛⣻⣿⣛⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 819 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-elimination/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-elimination/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ The_Only_Solution_Would_be_Abolition_of_All_Software_Patents⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Patents at 11:51 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum 17c30d5b36ce3d46e81e5ebc015f63fb Patents Likely the Biggest Barrier Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/swpats-distro-pains.webm Summary: The goals of software freedom still heavily depend on our collective ability to eternally demolish all software patents, contrary to what OIN_and LOT are trying_to_do along with the Linux_Foundation SOFTWARE patents are a big problem. They remain_a_massive_barrier_to_software freedom,_including_GNU/Linux_distributions. At risk of repeating ourselves, it is important to constantly highlight the problem with software patents because many people misframe the issue, as we recently saw when Google removed an image format from Chrome, retracting it due solely to software patents. Back in October we wrote about Fedora's_conflict/dilemma_with_software_patents and this issue returns due to other_distros_facing_similar_problems/fears. When someone says that “debian doesn’t care” one misses the point that Debian actually does care but takes certain scenarios into account. As an associate put it today, software “patents [are] misunderstood, there is no hurry to sue until the codecs are widespread enough to make it profitable to do so; they can wait until the last day of the patent to do so” (like ‘submarine patents’). “At risk of repeating ourselves, it is important to constantly highlight the problem with software patents because many people misframe the issue, as we recently saw when Google removed an image format from Chrome, retracting it due solely to software patents.”The associate asserted that people who post online about this issues are “totally confusing patents with copyright and vice versa”. The “Manjaro link,” for example, “shows some persistent misunderstandings, misinformation about the very nature of sodrware patents. Same for the latest Brodie video in the [above]. Submarine patents are a threat for their entire life cycle and unlike trademarks don’t have to be enforced to be kept valid. Like with GIF / LZW a standards-essential patent can be allowed and even encouraged to spread far and wide so as to maximize the amount of money harvested in the shakedown when the patent is enforced for the first time.” The associate wanted to revisit the issue, asserting that misconceptions are spreading “and RMS is right about “IPR” being not only a misnomer but intentionally confusing people on the separate topics…” Psydruid has meanwhile asked, “how do these (Western) patents hold up in countries like India, China and Russia?” “We’ve not been covering software patents lately and neither did most sites that used to cover the topic.”I told him that Western monopolists are lobbying and shaming those countries, forcing them to assimilate using IAM and other rags that shame those countries into “compliance”. “I would declare those companies “compania non grata“,” Psydruid said, as “they don’t do anything for India, but obey their US masters instead.” We’ve not been covering software patents lately and neither did most sites that used to cover the topic. The EFF has been mostly silent on that front. Recently someone complained online that Microsoft-sponsored media was celebrating and promoting software patents, remarking on one particular example as follows: The summary and the article are missing the link to the actual patent at the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) lists “US 20220362677 A1″, which was published recently on 2022-11-17. Outrageously the USPTO does_not_have_a_viable_search_interface and even for known items where one has the patent number it is only possible to find a rendering of the document in their web “app” after a lot of time and effort. Even then it is not possible to link to the actual patent either let alone bookmark it. That is reprehensible. Anyway, that rant aside, it is important to rant about the apparent fraud being perpetrated by EA there and by the parties reporting on the patent, or more specifically on the pretend patent That is because software is no longer eligible for patenting in the US and has never been eligible in Europe. In fact, there was only a relatively short period when it was sort of allowed. Nowadays, in the US, protection from patents has been restored to software just as it had been back during the period of exponential growth. This change is the result of the court case “Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International” aka “Alice”. See also the case “In re Bernard L. Bilski and Rand A. Warsaw” aka “Bilski”. The US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) sometimes grants invalid patents. It has also in the past rubber stamped many software patents. Win or lose software patents means a drawn out, protracted fight in the courts and the accompanying legal fees, so it’s rare to find a lawyer who doesn’t promote them even though they are invalid. If I recall correctly each such case costs the defending company an average of $4M USD. East Texas is a jurisdiction infamous for such activities. The traditional defense of cross-licensing is completely ineffective against NPEs in jurisdictions where software patents are used. The only defense is to operate in jurisdictions where they are not allowed. The way it works is that non-practicing_entities_(NPEs) create_shell_companies with no assets and sue companies over software patents in such jurisdictions: With an empty shell there are no assets to confiscate should, after great expense of both time and money, a company win in court against one. Instead of collecting in the case of a win, the NPE and the money both disappear in a greasy cloud of smoke while at the same instant, in the same East Texas suite, at the same East Texas PO Box, a new non-practicing entity spins up with an analog patent. There is a lot of money riding on this from a small herd of lawyers, including Microsoft’s own lawyers and many apparently corrupt politicians on both sides of the pond. However, those with the largest stake and the most money to lose, computer users, are in the dark. Microsoft has extensive history arming/weaponising trolls against GNU/Linux. Don’t ever forget that. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 966 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-under-biden/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/software-patents-under-biden/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Remember_Who_Biden’s_Administration_Put_in_Charge_of_the_US_Patent_Office⠀✐ Posted in America, Microsoft, Open_XML, Patents at 12:05 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇RIAA_Biden⦈_ Summary: It is important not to forget that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is still run by a former Microsoft legal representative who is shilling software patents and Microsoft’s proprietary document formats ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⡿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⡿⢿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⠿⣿⡿⠿⠛⢛⣉⡀⠈⣉⣁⡀⢀⣉⣛⠿⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣷⢻⢸⣿⢻⡆⢸⣿⢛⣻⣿⢻⣇⣿⢇⢸⣿⣿⣧⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⢰⣿⡻⠿⠆⣿⡟⠃⢸⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⡇⣼⣿⢻⣷⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡟⠿⠇⠸⠿⢻⣿⣼⡟⠰⠿⠟⣿⡜⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣇⣿⡈⢸⣿⢿⡅⢸⣿⣷⣸⣿⡎⣿⡿⠈⢸⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⡇⠀⢈⣛⢿⣶⡄⣿⡷⠆⢸⣿⢿⣏⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⠠⣝⣿⣶⡝⢹⣯⣼⡿⢻⡇⢩⣿⣥⣿⢧⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⡏⢿⡇⢸⣿⢸⡇⢸⣿⣶⣾⣿⠃⢿⡇⠀⠸⢿⣿⠏⠘⢿⣾⡿⠃⠀⠘⢿⣾⡿⠃⣿⣷⡆⢸⡿⢸⣿⠸⣿⡇⠹⣿⣾⢟⡸⣿⣾⡿⣀⢻⣷⣿⢇⢰⡶⣺⣿⡷⡆⢰⣶⢖⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡀⢀⣠⣶⣶⣤⡀⠀⠀⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣶⣶⣶⣤⣤⣶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠷⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⣠⣴⣄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⡏⠀⡎⠀⠠⣹⡜⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣤⡭⣷⣾⣿⣿⡸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣁⣤⠶⡞⠛⠋⢿⠛⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣕⣛⣳⣤⣴⣾⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⢀⡴⣻⡳⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡻⢿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣷⣿⣾⣿⠿⢦⣄⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣣⣷⣽⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣯⢿⣿⣷⣿⡼⣿⣆⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣮⣽⣿⠮⠉⠙⠀⠉⠉⠉⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣮⠿⣽⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠉⠀⠀⢀⣀⣠⣴⠶⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣯⣳⢿⣿⣾⣿⣿⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠉⠀⣀⣤⣶⡾⢿⣋⣭⠆⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣮⣻⠿⠟⣶⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢠⣾⡟⠉⠀⠘⠛⢉⣁⡤⣠⣿⣿⡟⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣯⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣭⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⢱⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠋⢡⣿⣿⣞⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣭⣷⣿⣿⣿⠀⠛⠻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠛⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣮⡻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠛⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠟⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⣝⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⡄⠀⠉⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⢿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⡿⠿⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣷⣝⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀ ⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣭⡛⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡗⠒⠤⠤⠤⠄⠠⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡜⠻⢿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⣶⣶⣶⣤⣄⢶⣤⣤⣀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠁⠈⣻⣿⣿⣿⡟⠂⠹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⡆⣶⡆⣶⣶⡆⣰⡶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣠⣶⣶⢰⣶⠀⣴⡶⣾⡝⣿⣿⣶⣄⢠⣷⢶⣯⢫⣷⢶⣦⠈⣽⡶⣾⡋⣷⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⡆⣶⡶⣶⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⣿⣿⠁⣿⣧⡄⠻⣷⣭⡁⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⠿⠇⣿⣿⣼⡟⢸⣿⢸⣿⠘⢿⣮⣍⢸⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣧⡄⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣧⡄⣿⣧⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⣿⣏⣀⣶⣎⣿⣷⣀⠀⠀⣿⡟⣿⢻⣿⢸⣿⠀⣿⡇⣷⡆⣿⣿⢹⣿⢸⣿⢸⣿⢰⣶⢹⣿⡾⣿⣇⣿⡇⣿⡏⠀⠀⣿⡇⢸⣿⣇⡀⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⠛⠛⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠛⠃⠀⣿⣿⠋⠈⠛⠛⠁⠿⠀⡄⡛⠃⢛⣘⣛⡜⢛⣰⣝⣛⣫⣵⣿⣿⣼⣿⣮⣝⣛⣭⣦⣝⣛⣫⠀⠙⠛⠋⠀⠛⠃⠀⠀⠛⠃⠈⠛⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠃⠀⠀⠘⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠸⡟⠀⠀⠀⢰⣶⢰⣶⡀⣶⡆⠹⢫⣶⢶⣤⢰⣶⣴⣶⡆⢰⣶⣶⠉⣶⣶⣦⡝⣩⣶⣶⣝⢹⣶⣿⢹⡿⣫⣶⣶⣍⢱⣶⣶⢡⠀⣶⡆⣶⡆⣠⡶⣶⡄⣴⣶⣦⣄⣶⣶⣶⡆⣴⣶⣦⡀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⣷⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠸⠿⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⡟⣿⡀⣿⣧⣿⠇⣿⣿⣛⣛⢸⣿⣤⢺⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⢸⣿⣤⢺⡆⣿⡇⣿⡇⢿⣷⣍⡁⣿⣿⣼⡇⠀⣿⡇⢰⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⢻⣿⡇⠀⢻⣿⢰⣶⢸⣿⣿⣿⣇⣿⣷⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣿⣿⣹⣿⢸⣿⣉⣾⡇⣿⣇⣿⣿⢸⣿⢩⣾⡇⣿⡇⣿⡇⣶⡎⣿⣷⣿⣿⠉⠀⠀⣿⡇⠘⣿⡇⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠻⠀ ⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠘⠛⠈⠛⠃⠀⢨⡛⠛⠋⠘⡛⢛⠛⠛⠛⠃⠛⠃⠛⠃⣛⣣⣬⣛⣋⣛⣜⣛⣛⣷⣿⣬⣛⣛⣥⣜⣛⣼⣿⣧⠙⠛⠛⠁⠈⠛⢛⣵⣿⣿⣤⡀⠀⠛⠃⠀⠙⠛⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠂⠀ ⠀⠀⠸⣷⣄⣀⣴⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⣿⣦⠀⠀⠀⠈⠀⣠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣇⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿⣿⡠⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡈⢙⣛⣿⣯⣽⣿⢹⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠂⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠶⠿⣿⣿⣧⠄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣳⣞⣤⣤⣤⣦⡇⣼⣿⣿⣿⣧⣦⣤⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠈⢿⣿⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⡏⠀⠀⠀⢀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢨⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠷⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢁⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⡀⠂⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢹⣿⣿⣿⣅⣀⣈⣙⣿⣭⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⠀ ⠀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⠿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣦⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠻⢿⡿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣴⣶⠶⠿⠿⠿⠿⠷⣶⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⡾⠟⠋⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⢷⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣤⣀⣀⡀⠀⠐⠂⠋⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⠟⠀⢀⣀⣀⣀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⡀⠀⠹⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠷⣶⡏⢊⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⡏⠀⠀⢸⣿⡟⣿⣇⠀⣿⣿⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⣸⣿⣷⠀⠀⠹⣿⡄⠀⠀⣤⢄⣀⣀⣠⣤⣤⣤⣄⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠉⠉⠭⢷⣏⡻⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣁⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣤⡀⠀⠀⡀⠀⠀⢸⡿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⡇⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠀⢠⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⢹⣧⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣴⣾⣿⣦⡀⠘⢯⣇⡖⣻⠻⠀ ⠀⣿⣿⣿⠏⣾⣿⣿⣦⣴⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⣶⣤⠄⠀⠀⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⠃⠀⣿⣿⠀⢸⣿⢸⣿⠀⢀⣿⠿⣿⡄⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡆⠈⠀⣶⣬⡄⠀ ⠀⠻⣿⡿⣸⣼⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢿⡇⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠘⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⠀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡀⢸⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠐⣏⡇⠀ ⠀⠀⠈⣱⡿⡿⠛⠁⠈⠁⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⠀⠀⠸⣿⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⠀⣿⣷⠀⣿⣿⠀⣿⡇⠈⣿⡇⣼⣿⠀⢿⣷⠀⠀⣼⡟⠀⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⡀⢿⡟⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⣿⡻⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⢻⣿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠘⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠉⠀⢠⡄⠀⠀⢻⣧⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣴⡿⠁⠀⢀⣄⠀⠘⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠰⠄⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⠟⠙⠀⠀⢰⣿⡏⠀⠀⠀⠙⢿⣦⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣤⣾⠟⠀⠀⣠⣿⣿⣷⢠⣀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡈⠉⠋⠛⠛⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣷⣦⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣠⣤⣾⠿⠛⠁⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣟⣄⡍⠀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣘⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣀⣀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠙⠻⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠙⠛⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠛⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠰⠁⢠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠨⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠉⠀⠀⣠⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢰⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⢿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣿⣿⣿⡿⠿⠋⢹⣿⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⣐⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠻⣿⡿⠿⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⠋⠛⠉⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣧⣤⣀⣠⣤⣤⡝⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠻⠿⠿⢿⠿⠿⠟⠁⠀⠀⠴⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠟⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠋⠟⠻⠿⠿⠿⠿⠿⠀ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1061 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/toxic-company-of-bedroom-politics/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/toxic-company-of-bedroom-politics/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Tribalism_at_Sirius_‘Open_Source’⠀✐ Posted in Deception, Free/Libre_Software at 12:46 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴_🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽_⦇Sirius_‘Open_Source':_Three's_Company⦈_ Summary: Sirius_‘Open_Source’ has a severe case of nepotism and obscene case of hiring unqualified people based on ‘bedroom politics’; pointing this out to a friend outside the company is impressible, even if this endemic issue leads to technical issues and low employee morale THE nepotism at Sirius was almost tolerable until colleagues found out they had been denied access to certain systems that far less qualified and barely- experienced colleagues were able to access. And why? Bedroom politics. “The company’s management wasn’t willing to tackle the problem and instead viewed critics as the problem.”Bedroom politics is a recurring theme at Sirius and it’s further exacerbated by the fact that we’re talking about people without relevant qualifications and experience, having the audacity to suggest that people who work in daytime (like two bedroom partners) should be paid more than technical staff that’s on the beat all night long (with further disturbance to sleeping patterns owing to shift alternations about 6 times per month, akin to jetlag with all the lasting health implications). “Sirius is going to find out that covering up abuses is a short-term strategy and a terrible technique/method for quelling dissent.”The company’s management wasn’t willing to tackle the problem and instead viewed critics as the problem. Even if those critics merely discussed the matter outside of work without even naming the company or the people. Sirius is going to find out that covering up abuses is a short-term strategy and a terrible technique/method for quelling dissent. It’ll all come out eventually. As noted in the report below, the company already has a history when it comes to that and it already resulted in major staff exodus; the reputation of the company cannot be redeemed by creating more and more “shells” as people inevitably find out who’s who (or where they came from). =============================================================================== As it stands, several employees have a romantic relationship and in spite of inadequate skills one trio of workers (with a very unconventional love affair, akin to a wife swap and love triangle) enjoy privileged access to some systems that more veteran colleagues cannot access. It’s perfectly clear that some people make all the decisions behind closed doors and some are denied any influence whatsoever because they are not part of the “clique” or the literal family. Career progression is not based on merits but a facade thereof. If it’s about who one knows who (or sleeps with who), then this degrades the image of the company, at least internally. One of the trio suggested lowering the salary of the nighttime Support Team, which her two other halfs aren’t part of. That’s rather offensive and can repulse those who really deserve double the salary for working overnight. To quote or to paraphrase Roy and Rianne’s replies to threatening messages: Dear all, I believe I was unfairly treated on several grounds, including relevant protocols pertaining to several aspects. I will spare you the details but can elaborate if needed. Here is the gist of the issues: 1. No due process 2. Verbal/oral distortion of claims 3. You misrepresented alleged evidence, but conveniently presented it as facts to my wife 4. No hard evidence presented (just a reference to a handbook we lack a copy of) 5. Rather gross accusation inflation against a person whom you did not even speak to There are more points, but I shall keep this brief. The company has a history doing this to couples, e.g. one blind colleague based in Germany; it was very serious and it went to court, based on a trusted source (it cost the company and/or its Directors — ████████ and ████████ — a lot of money, as went on for a long time; allegedly got settled at the end but injured the company). We visited lawyers on Friday and on Monday. We spoke about the facts in length and have a good understanding of our rights. We agreed that we don’t yet wish to escalate this matter and would rather settle amicably. Regards, Roy, [Your longest-serving employee (aside from the founder)] =============================================================================== Actually, as we recently discovered, he’s not even the founder but more of an opportunist. As we shall show later (some time next month), it’s even worse than this. Sirius will find out the hard way that Sirius should have stayed true to its mission instead of straying to Microsoft’s orgy_territories. █ ⢸⡇⠀⠀⢀⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢺⣿⠀⠀⣿⣽⣿⠈⢿⣿⡏⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⣿⣿⣿⠩⣝⣿⢻⡟⠿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠸⡇⠀⠀⢸⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⡆⣸⣿⡀⠀⣿⣟⣿⢰⣼⣿⡟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣑⣂⡏⢸⠁⣶⠇⡆⢀⠀⢸⠋⢍⣻ ⢐⡇⢿⣿⣿⣿⠇⣶⣿⣷⡠⠀⠀⢿⡿⠇⠘⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣲⣷⣦⣦⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣇⣿⠸⡟⣿⣇⣿⡿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡶⡇⢈⡤⣯⣑⣂⣽ ⠈⣟⠛⠛⠛⠛⠛⠋⠉⠉⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⠸⣦⣿⡇⣿⣿⣾⣷⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠟⠈⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣶⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣠⣾⡿⣠⣿⣥⣬⣙⠿⢿⡇⠀⣿⣿⣿⠀⢻⢿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣿⠏⣩⣽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣝⠁⠐⠀⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣿⣿⡆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠙⠃⠋⣼⣿⣿⣿⣷⣼⡇⡆⣿⣿⣿⠀⣿⣿⠅⣿⣿⣿⣯⡙⢁⣀⠻⣿⡟⣹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⢡⠆⠐⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⠸⣭⣿⣥⠀⠀⠀⢀⣾⣶⣶⣆⡀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣼⣿⣿⢿⣿⡟⢻⡇⡇⣿⣿⣥⠀⢀⣤⡄⣿⣿⣿⣟⣛⣩⣿⡌⢩⠽⠟⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣼⣅⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢻⣿⡄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠸⠀⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣄⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣆⠀⠀⠀⢀⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡇⣿⣿⣿⠀⢀⣿⠇⣿⣿⣿⣿⡼⣿⣿⣿⣶⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣿⡟⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⠨⣿⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣰⣾⡦⠀⠀⠀⢌⠛⠿⣿⡿⣿⣿⣷⡀⠐⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡀⠀⠀⠈⡹⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣟⣿⣿⣿⠉⠉⠀⠈⠈⠀⠉⢸⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡭⠤⡇⠈⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢀⣿⠉⠉⣩⠟⠁⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⢀⡘⡗⢀⣶⣻⣷⣿⣿⡇⣺⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣤⣰⣿⣿⡙⠻⠿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣸⣿⣿⣇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⢸⣿⣧⠞⠁⢀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣇⡾⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠀⣸⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣶⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣛⠻⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⠙⢿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣄⠀⠀⠀⢾⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣾⣿⣿⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡷⣿⣿⠛⣿⣿⣿⡿⡿⡿⠁⠈⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⢪⣿⣿⣂⣾⡟⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡞⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣤⣿⣿⣿⡇⠀⠈⣿⣿⡿⣿⣷⣦⡀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡌⢹⣰⣫⣿⣿⡇⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠛⠋⠉⠛⠛⠑⠛⢻⣿⣝⠟⠋⠂⠊⠈⢹⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠈⠁⠘⠻⢫⣿⣧⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢿⠰⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⡿⣿⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⡝⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⢳⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠐⠛⠛⠛⠂⠸⠿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡟⠠⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠇⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢳⣷⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⣇⣸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣾⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⣀⣀⠲⠦⠀⠀⠂⠀⠀⣷⣶⠖⠚⢻⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡁⣰⡿⢋⣿⣾⣿⣿⠏⢀⣾⣿⣷⣦⣤⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠘⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣉⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠟⠀⣠⣴⣾⣿⣿⠿⠯⠟⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠈⠆⠀⠀⠀⣿ ⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⠁⢛⣛⣛⣿⣿⣿⠏⠀⢈⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣾⣝⣿⣿⣿⣿⡇⢹⢿⣿⣷⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠋⣰⣿⡿⠯⠉⠉⠉⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢀⣿ ⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⡀⣴⣚⣻⣛⣟⣛⡉⠀⠀⢸⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣦⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⡿⠍⣻⣿⣿⣿⣧⣶⠎⢻⠟⢻⣿⡿⠋⠥⠉⠉⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣶⣤ ⣿⣿⣻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣾⣿⡶⣹⠿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣷⣶⣦⣤⣄⣀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⣃⣽⡿⣟⣿⣿⣼⣿⡀⠈⠀⠚⠹⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣀⣼⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣦⣿⡿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣶⣶⣶⣿⣿⣿⡍⠉⠉⢻⣿⣿⠻⠛⣿⣷⠀⠀⢀⣴⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣧⠀⠀⠈⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⣄⢠⣶⢽⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⠟⣇⠻⠿⡿⡿⢿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡿⣟⢄⣀⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣦⣴⣾⣛⣹⣿⣿⡯⠊⢉⣴⣿⡿⡿⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⣸⠀⣫⣼⠿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ⣿⣿⣷⣶⣿⣿⠠⣌⣤⠼⠿⠿⢛⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⡄⢻⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣯⣅⠐⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⢠⡼⢿⣤⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿⣿ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1218 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐋𝐄 ═════════════════════════════════════════════════╕ (ℹ) Images, hyperlinks and comments at http://techrights.org/2022/12/28/universities-in-the-cloud/#comments Gemini version at gemini://gemini.techrights.org/2022/12/28/universities-in-the-cloud/ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ What_Happens_When_Flunkies_Who_Really_Work_for_Google_and_Microsoft_End_Up Working_‘for’_(at_the_Expense_of)_Universities’_IT_Departments⠀✐ Posted in Free/Libre_Software, GNU/Linux, Google, Microsoft, Site_News at 11:35 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz Video_download_link | md5sum ebac88a1014e13df9980a23c925b196a Universities Gone Astray Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 4.0 http://techrights.org/videos/universities-clown-computing.webm Summary: When institutions of higher education (colleges/universities) are occupied by people who cannot build and maintain systems the whole institutions are likely to be hijacked by ‘surveillance capitalism’ companies that work_for the_American_government EARLIER today we published part_one_(of_four_parts) from 'Digital_Vegan' Andy Farnell (visiting professor specialising in sound and security), who bemoans the situation at universities’ IT departments. These used to be specialised and well-trained/highly-skilled departments, but nowadays they’re dumbed-down bureaucracy which became increasingly about selecting vendors to outsource to, i.e. not about technology at all. This is getting worse really fast, owing in part to the exodus of geeks and the influx of buzzword slingers (e.g. “Clown Computing”). “Today’s universities seem to attract the very worst sysadmins, maybe those who could not find employment elsewhere.”“FOSS is useful in mitigating or even reversing the dystopian trends,” an associate has said to us after we published part one, adding that the culprits are “corporate flunkies working against the university, and double handful of resellers too.” In the video above I tell my personal experiences, dealing with IT departments at universities from 2000 until 2012. I can still recall (from a decade back) some truly embarrassing stories. Today’s universities seem to attract the very worst sysadmins, maybe those who could not find employment elsewhere. █ ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 1277 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/12/2022:_Kraft_Version_1.0_and_Everyone_in_LastPass_at_Risk_Now⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 9:21 pm by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Desktop/Laptop o Audiocasts/Shows o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs # K_Desktop_Environment/KDE_SC/Qt # GNOME_Desktop/GTK * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o New_Releases o Red_Hat_/_IBM o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Productivity_Software/LibreOffice/Calligra o Programming/Development # Python # Rust o Standards/Consortia * Leftovers o Hardware o Proprietary o Linux_Foundation o Security o Monopolies # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Personal o Politics o Technical # Science # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o ⚓ Unix Men ☛ The_Benefits_of_Choosing_Linux_Over_Other_Operating Systems⠀⇛ Linux is a powerful, open-source operating system that is becoming increasingly popular among computer users of all kinds. It is known for its stability, flexibility, and security features. Speaking about security, did you know that the average global cost of a data breach is roughly $4 billion? Cyberattacks are more prevalent today and ever, and therefore, every internet user must possess the best VPN to combat the ever-rising cyber threat! Coming back to the OS, this article will explore why Linux can be your ideal operating system. o § Desktop/Laptop⠀➾ # ⚓ Unix Men ☛ 6_reasons_why_Linux_is_an_ideal_solution_for programming⠀⇛ Today we will talk with you about Linux, an operating system that is gaining popularity simultaneously with the development of open-source software, and its main advantages. How can such operating systems be of interest to an ordinary user or developer? We have collected the most commonly accepted arguments that Linux is favored among developers and cited the top 6 points why many programmers value Linux so much. o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ KDE_Neon_–_The_Flagship_KDE_Distro_|_Solid,_Stable –_Stunning_–_Invidious⠀⇛ A video covering the newest release of KDE Neon. The flagship KDE distro that is released by the KDE team itself. With the latest available version of the KDE desktop this distro still is solid and stable. Take a look and let me know what you think below. # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_Synfig_Studio_on_KDE_Neon_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, we are looking at how to install Synfig Studio on KDE Neon. # ⚓ Video ☛ Connect_to_Wireless_Internet,_Pass_it_To_Your Network_|_Raspberry_Pi_Wireless_to_LAN_bridge_–_Invidious⠀⇛ This guide will help you to connect to any wireless network and pass that internet into your LAN network. We have an option for using or not using a VPN in our setup. # ⚓ Video ☛ Twitter_Bans_Accounts_and_Links_to_Mastodon_Servers –_Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I check out an article about how Twitter suspended its open-source competitor Mastodon. Mastodon is an open-source social networking platform that is similar to Twitter. # ⚓ Video ☛ Customizing_Steam_Games_in_Linux_–_Invidious⠀⇛ Installing steam games on Linux is easy but running executables inside those games to add mods, maps, and other Windows programs that enhance the gaming experience is essential. # ⚓ Video ☛ XFCE_For_Wayland_Will_Happen…_One_Day_–_Invidious⠀⇛ XFCE used to be one of the major Linux desktop environments but over time it’s faded into more and more obscurity but it’s not dead yet and a Wayland version is in the works. # ⚓ Video ☛ LINUX_MINT_21.1_Vera_is_WINDOWS,_and_I’m_fine_with that!_–_Invidious⠀⇛ o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Linux_Fu:_Miller_The_Killer_Makes_CSV_No_Pest_| Hackaday⠀⇛ Historically, one of the nice things about Unix and Linux is that everything is a file, and files are just sequences of characters. Of course, modern practice is that everything is not a file, and there is a proliferation of files with some imposed structure. However, if you’ve ever worked on old systems where your file access was by the block, you’ll appreciate the Unix-like files. Classic tools like awk, sed, and grep work with this idea. Files are just characters. But this sometimes has its problems. That’s the motivation behind a tool called Miller, and I think it deserves more attention because, for certain tasks, it is a lifesaver. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Use_the_csplit_Command_to_Split_Files on_Linux⠀⇛ csplit is a popular Linux command-line utility used to split the contents of a file into two. The file you need to alter must be a text file with a “.txt” extension. The command is easy to use and works well on all Linux distributions. With the use of different flags available for csplit, you can also modify the output according to your need. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Stremio_on_Ubuntu_20.04_|_22.04 LTS⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how to install Stremio on Ubuntu systems. Stremio is a modern media center that’s a one-stop solution for your video entertainment. You discover, watch and organize video content from easy to install addons. Movies, TV shows, live TV or web channels – find all this on Stremio. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Ubuntu_Cleaner_on_Ubuntu_20.04_| 22.04_LTS⠀⇛ Hi, this post is about how to install Ubuntu Cleaner on Ubuntu 20.04/22.04 Ubuntu Cleaner is a tool that makes it easy to clean your Ubuntu system. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_track_project_time_using_use_this OpenProject_tool⠀⇛ Most project management tools include so many great features that it’s easy to overlook a standout feature — that was the case for me with OpenProject’s Time and Cost tool. With this tool, you can easily see how much labor and cost is going into a project; plus, you can add a widget to your dashboard that shows how many hours have gone into a project, so you can quickly glance at those numbers. # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_To_Install_Hiri_Email_Client_on_Ubuntu_20.04 |_22.04_LTS⠀⇛ In this guide, we will show you how to install Hiri in Ubuntu systems. Hiri is a linux email client for Exchange and Office 365 Email, Calendar, Contacts and Tasks. All in one. Hiri was (now defunct) a business focused desktop e-mail client for sending and receiving e-mails, managing calendars, contacts, and tasks. It was developed as an alternative to existing e-mail clients and calendar applications such as Microsoft Outlook and Mozilla Thunderbird. # ⚓ Linux Made Simple ☛ How_to_install_MetaTrader_5_with_the Vantage_Broker_on_a_Chromebook⠀⇛ Today we are looking at how to install MetaTrader 5 with the Vantage Broker on a Chromebook. # ⚓ H2S Media ☛ 2_Ways_to_Install_QOwnNotes_on_Ubuntu_22.04_or 20.04⠀⇛ QOwnNotes is an open-source application that we can install on Linux such as Ubuntu. The USP of it is the users can jot down their notes in a plain-text markdown file on a PC or laptop. The best part it not only comes with markdown support but also offers a to-do list manager and can work with Nextcloud and OwnCloud personal clouds for syncing notes across multiple devices. It supports spellchecking as well. # ⚓ ID Root ☛ How_To_Install_InfluxDB_on_Rocky_Linux_9_– idroot⠀⇛ In this tutorial, we will show you how to install InfluxDB on Rocky Linux 9. For those of you who didn’t know, InfluxDB is a popular open-source time series database that is often used for storing and analyzing time-stamped data, such as performance metrics and sensor data. InfluxDB is written in the Go programming language and is optimized for fast, high-availability storage and retrieval of time series data. It can run on a variety of platforms, including Linux. This article assumes you have at least basic knowledge of Linux, know how to use the shell, and most importantly, you host your site on your own VPS. The installation is quite simple and assumes you are running in the root account, if not you may need to add ‘sudo‘ to the commands to get root privileges. I will show you the step-by-step installation of the InfluxDB open-source database on Rocky Linux. 9. # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ How_to_Install_and_Play_GOG_Games_on_Linux⠀⇛ Gaming on Linux has made great strides in the last few years. Gone are the days when playing Steam or GOG games on Linux was unimaginable. Playing GOG’s huge library of games on your Linux machine is not only possible—it’s also surprisingly easy. Thanks to Linux apps like Lutris and the Heroic Games Launcher, you can install and play GOG games in a breeze. # ⚓ TechRepublic ☛ How_to_deploy_a_self-hosted_instance_of_the Passbolt_password_manager⠀⇛ A password manager can keep your sensitive information in-house. Here’s how to deploy Passbolt to your data center or cloud-hosted service. Passbolt is a password manager you can use for team collaboration, and it offers plenty of the features you’ve grown accustomed to having at your fingertips, such as a random password generator, team collaboration, folders, tags and user access control. This password manager is designed specifically for Agile and DevOps teams, and it’s application programming interface-centric and developer-first. # ⚓ FOSS Post ☛ Install_Redshift_to_Get_Night_Light_on_Linux⠀⇛ Looking to the default blue light emitted by computers all the time is not recommended; as it leads to eye strain and other health issues. You will notice this the most if you try to use your computer at night, and you will get blinded by the strong bright blue light coming out of it. Night light is a layer that replaces part of the blue light emitted by computer monitors at night with red light, so that they become more comfortable to the human eye to work with, especially at night. Redshift is a software that enables night light on Linux. It is free and open source, and works on almost all Linux distributions. You can easily install the software and use it on your distribution, which is what we’ll explain in this article. # ⚓ Linuxiac ☛ Xfce_4.18_Coming_to_MX_Linux_in_January:_How_to Install_It_Early⠀⇛ However, on December 15, the brand-new version Xfce 4.18 was released as a significant update to the popular Xfce desktop environment, including many improvements. For example, the Thunar file manager can now display the count of containing files for directories in the “Size” column in the list view. Moreover, it can now undo and redo basic file operations such as move, rename, trash, link, and create actions. Furthermore, Xfce 4.18 brings to the scene a file highlighting, making the user experience more colorful in the literal sense. Under the hood, scaling has been improved with UI scaling support, and there is a newly redesigned Clock plugin which includes a sleep monitor and a new binary time mode. MX Linux’s developers announced today that its users would receive Xfce 4.18 as an update in January. Fortunately, for the most impatient, there is a way to install Xfce 4.18 early on MX Linux, and here I’ll show you how to do it. However, keep in mind that installing pre-release software can be risky, as it may contain bugs and other issues that still need to be addressed. # ⚓ LaTeX_spreadtab_cells_reference⠀⇛ When I create LaTeX files containing complex tables with many correlated numbers, I use spreadtab. Overall, I like the package, but it often needs better documentation, not because features are not documented but because it’s hard to find what you are looking for. Cells references are an example of this, but it is a critical topic for this package, so those are the ways I’ve discovered to sum a column of values. To do so, I’ll take the example of page 19 of the package documentation. # ⚓ Video ☛ How_to_install_Linux_Mint_21.1_“Vera”_Cinnamon_– Invidious⠀⇛ In this video, I am going to show how to install Linux Mint 21.1 “Vera” Cinnamon. # ⚓ LinuxConfig ☛ How_to_install_Signal_on_Linux⠀⇛ Signal is a free and open source messaging application developed by the Signal Foundation: it is available on all the major operating systems such as Linux, Windows, Android and iOS, and supports all the major features one can expect, such as encryption, the ability to send files and make group calls. All the infrastructure behind Signal is open source, including the messaging protocol and the server software: the source code is available on github. In this tutorial we learn how to install the Signal desktop application on the major Linux distributions, using native, snap and flatpak packages. # ⚓ AddictiveTips ☛ How_to_set_up_Kodi_media_center_on_a Chromebook⠀⇛ Kodi media center is an excellent, free, and open- source app perfect for managing your media. It can handle movies and TV show files locally, or over a network via NFS, SMB, FTP, etc. If you’d like to set up Kodi on your Chromebook to watch your favorite local media, this guide is for you. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Otter_Browser_on_Manjaro Linux⠀⇛ Otter Browser is a browser that strives to recreate the best aspects of Opera 12.x using the QT5 framework. The following tutorial will teach you how to install Otter Browser on Manjaro Linux using the command line terminal. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_Pinta_on_Manjaro_Linux [Ed: This is a Microsoft Mono injection vector]⠀⇛ Pinta is an open-source image editing tool available for free, and it has quickly become a favorite among novice and experienced users. The following tutorial will teach you how to install Pinta on Manjaro Linux using cli commands. # ⚓ Daniel Stenberg ☛ curl_-w_certs_|_daniel.haxx.se⠀⇛ When a client connects to a TLS server it gets sent one or more certificates during the handshake. Those certificates are verified by the client, to make sure that the server is indeed the right one: the server the client expects it to be; no impostor and no man in the middle etc. When such a server certificate is signed by a Certificate Authority (CA), that CA’s certificate is normally not sent by the server but the client is expected to have it already in its CA store. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Blender_3.4_on_Ubuntu,_Linux_Mint,_Alma Linux⠀⇛ This beginner tutorial demonstrates how to install Blender 3.4 on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, Alma Linux 9, Linux Mint 21, and more. # ⚓ Linux Nightly ☛ How_to_Install_Python_3_on_Kali_Linux_– Linux_Nightly⠀⇛ Learn how to install the latest version of Python 3 and pip on Kali Linux. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ Boiling Steam ☛ New_Steam_Games_with_Native_Linux_Clients_– 2022-12-28_Edition_–_Boiling_Steam⠀⇛ Between 2022-12-21 and 2022-12-28 there were 25 New Steam games released with Native Linux clients. For reference, during the same time, there were 233 games released for Windows on Steam, so the Linux versions represent about 10.7 % of total released titles. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # § K Desktop Environment/KDE SC/Qt⠀➾ # ⚓ Kraft_Version_1.0⠀⇛ It is a pleasure to announce that Kraft Version 1.0 was released last week. [...] Kraft is free software to create office documents like offers and invoices in an efficient way. It runs on the Linux desktop and suits small businesses of all kinds. # § GNOME Desktop/GTK⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ CoverflowAltTab_Extension_for_GNOME Shell_Gets_a_Major_Update⠀⇛ The updated CoverflowAltTab extension debuts a redesigned Preferences panel using libadwaita. The extension’s settings are now organised by relevance and divided into pages to make navigation easier. This GUI rejig is necessary as there are more features and settings to play with. For instance, you can now choose to highlight the window under the mouse, and optionally raise the app window under mouse to the top, so you can tell which one you’re about to focus. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o § New Releases⠀➾ # ⚓ FOSSLife ☛ Manjaro_Linux_22.0_“Sikaris”_Released⠀⇛ The Manjaro Linux team has released Manjaro Linux 22.0 “Sikaris” as the latest rolling-release version of its Arch Linux-based distribution, reports Marius Nestor. Manjaro Linux “Sikaris” is powered by the new Linux 6.1 kernel series with editions featuring the Xfce 4.18 desktop environment, Gnome 43.2, or KDE Plasma 5.26. Manjaro Linux 22.0 is available for download from the official website. o § Red Hat / IBM⠀➾ # ⚓ Red Hat Official ☛ Top_10_sysadmin_troubleshooting_guides of_2022_|_Enable_Sysadmin⠀⇛ Find solutions to your Linux, Kubernetes, Ansible, and other systems problems in Enable Sysadmin’s top troubleshooting articles. # ⚓ Red_Hat_lowers_barriers_to_hybrid_cloud_adoption_with expanded_public_offerings_in_AWS_marketplace⠀⇛ Red Hat, Inc. the world’s leading provider of open source solutions, today announced an expansion of its open solutions publicly available in AWS Marketplace, a digital catalog with thousands of software listings from independent software vendors that make it easy to find, test, buy, and deploy software that runs on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Furthering Red Hat’s commitment to customer choice and flexibility across the open hybrid cloud, customers can now use committed AWS spend to purchase and run Red Hat offerings directly through AWS Marketplace. This provides customers with an easier path to digital transformation and more efficient operations, while being better able to meet dynamic market demands. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ 8_ways_IT_leaders_embraced artificial_intelligence_in_2022⠀⇛ 2022 is the year artificial intelligence (AI) went from experimental to essential. Of the many technologies with the potential to deliver significant value in the near future, artificial intelligence seems firmly planted atop the list for CIOs. Against that backdrop, we’ve gathered the top articles from our community this year that showcased how IT leaders embraced AI in 2022. Check out our 2023 AI predictions to see what we believe is in store for the future of AI. # ⚓ Enterprisers Project ☛ Remote_work:_3_cultural_benefits_– and_potential_risks⠀⇛ For better or worse, remote work seems to be here to stay. What arose out of necessity has evolved into a new way of working and living. Remote work has given us new worlds of efficiency, unprecedented levels of access, and endless convenience. As long as we keep an eye on the costs of these improvements, we can reap the cultural benefits while staying connected at a human level. # ⚓ Fedora Magazine ☛ Fedora_Magazine:_GitHub_Actions:_Use Podman_to_run_Fedora_Linux [Ed: Red Hat is shilling proprietary software trap of Microsoft, which basically outsources your compiler to the NSA et al. How foolish.]⠀⇛ o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ Ubuntu_Touch_Isn’t_Dead_Yet⠀⇛ Ubuntu developer Canonical tried years ago to make its way to the smartphone game with Ubuntu Touch. It failed to take off, but independent developers have kept the dream alive. Now, we have a build based on Ubuntu 20.04. A release candidate build of Ubuntu Touch based on 20.04 has been released by the independent developers at UBports, letting you make your phone Linux-powered. That’s not the newest version of Ubuntu, as it was first released in 2020. However, Ubuntu Touch has been stuck in 16.04 since Canonical abandoned the project, so this is the first time the underlying OS has actually been updated since UBports began maintaining it. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ Banana_Pi_BPI-Pico-RP2040_–_Raspberry_Pi Pico_replica_gets_USB-C_port,_I2C_connector,_and_RGB_LED_– CNX_Software⠀⇛ Banana Pi BPI-Pico-RP2040 is basically a clone of the original Raspberry Pi Pico, but with the addition of an RGB LED and a 4-pin I2C connector, and the company replaced the micro USB port with a Type-C connector. The rest of the board, also called Banana Pi Pico, is exactly the same up to the through holes and castellated holes for the I/Os, and has a similar form factor as the Banana Pi BPI-PicoW-S3 that adds WiFi and Bluetooth through the ESP32-S3 wireless microcontroller. # ⚓ CNX Software ☛ $4_DshanMCU_Pitaya_Lite_board_comes_with MM32_Arm_Cortex-M3_microcontroller_–_CNX_Software⠀⇛ DshanMCU Pitaya Lite is an MCU development board based on yet another STM32 alternative: MindMotion MM32 Arm Cortex-M3 microcontroller that is said to be compatible with STM32. The MCU can be clocked at up to 120 MHz, embeds 128KB SRAM, 512KB flash, and the board offers two USB Type-C ports for USB and DAP debugging, a MicroSD card slot, a few buttons, I/Os are routed via through holes as well as a mini PCIe connector that can be used to connect a display. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ OnePlus_Nord_CE_2_Lite_picks_up_Android_13 update⠀⇛ # ⚓ XDA ☛ Unofficial_LineageOS_20_brings_Android_13_with_microG to_the_Fairphone_4⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ The_Sony_WH-1000XM5_are_Android_Police’s 2022_headphones_of_the_year⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 9_Android_Features_We_Want_to_Get_in_2023⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ Why_You_Should_Not_Buy_a_Budget_5G_Android Phone_in_2023⠀⇛ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ Choose_the_best_phone_charger._Here’s_how.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ What_devices_are_Android_Authority readers_using?_(2022_Edition)⠀⇛ # ⚓ HowTo Geek ☛ 5_Common_Android_Problems_and_How_to_Fix Them⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ 7_Discontinued_Android_Hardware_Features_That We_Want_Back⠀⇛ # ⚓ How_to_use_Nearby_Share_feature_in_your_Android smartphone⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ Wallpaper_Wednesday:_Android_wallpapers 2022-12-28_–_Android_Authority⠀⇛ # ⚓ Samsung_to_wrap_up_Android_13_One_UI_5_rollout_before 2023⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Police ☛ The_ghost_of_LG’s_mobile_division_lingers as_Android_13_is_coming_to_the_LG_Velvet⠀⇛ # ⚓ The_Best_Android_Gaming_Handhelds_of_2022_–_Droid_Gamers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Authority ☛ What_devices_are_Android_Authority readers_using?_(2022_Edition)⠀⇛ # ⚓ Phone Arena ☛ Android_phone_callers_can_be_spied_on_via_the motion_sensors_–_PhoneArena⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ Linux Links ☛ Best_Free_and_Open_Source_Alternatives_to_Google Contacts⠀⇛ Google has a firm grip on the desktop. Their products and services are ubiquitous. Don’t get us wrong, we’re long- standing admirers of many of Google’s products and services. They are often high quality, easy to use, and ‘free’, but there can be downsides of over-reliance on a specific company. For example, there are concerns about their privacy policies, business practices, and an almost insatiable desire to control all of our data, all of the time. What if you are looking to move away from Google and embark on a new world of online freedom, where you are not constantly tracked, monetised and attached to Google’s ecosystem. In this series we explore how you can migrate from Google without missing out on anything. We recommend open source solutions. o § Productivity Software/LibreOffice/Calligra⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Deleting_All_Types_of_Contents_from_Calc_Range using_Macro⠀⇛ This tutorial explains how to delete contents from cells or ranges in LibreOffice Calc using macro. Using a macro, you can clear everything that contains in a cell or in a range of cells. In this tutorial we will clear every type of contents from a range. Before clearing out contents from ranges, the macro needs to determine the type of cell contents. Because if you want to delete everything from cells, you need to consider the value, the formatting styles, etc. # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Date_and_Time_Processing_in_LibreOffice_Calc using_Macro⠀⇛ This tutorial explains the basic date and time processing in basic macro in LibreOffice Calc. In basic, a Date is a datatype that stores date and time values. By default, it holds Jan 1 year 0001 midnight. We will pick any date and process it in different ways. Let’s explain the concept using some examples. o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ Kubernetes Blog ☛ Kubernetes_1.26:_Job_Tracking,_to_Support Massively_Parallel_Batch_Workloads,_Is_Generally_Available_| Kubernetes⠀⇛ The Kubernetes 1.26 release includes a stable implementation of the Job controller that can reliably track a large amount of Jobs with high levels of parallelism. SIG Apps and WG Batch have worked on this foundational improvement since Kubernetes 1.22. After multiple iterations and scale verifications, this is now the default implementation of the Job controller. Paired with the Indexed completion mode, the Job controller can handle massively parallel batch Jobs, supporting up to 100k concurrent Pods. The new implementation also made possible the development of Pod failure policy, which is in beta in the 1.26 release. # ⚓ Shell_Programming_Secrets_Nobody_Talks_About⠀⇛ Most tutorials about shell programming are often part of larger guides on Linux. They gloss over the numerous ways that your code might work but still fail under certain circumstances. Given that shell scripts are used to manage billions of dollars of assets, it is important to learn how to write clean and safe code with them. Last year, I wrote a book on Linux command-line tips and tricks, and made several updates to it. Annoyingly, I continue to discover something new and important about the Bash shell program almost every week. I did not want this happening after I had ordered my author copy. The discoveries made me wonder what I have been doing all these years without knowing these bash secrets. # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Read_Text_Files_in_Python⠀⇛ While working with the Python application, you would be required to read and write text files in Python. You can refer to our other tutorial to write a text file in Python. Reading a text file in Python is a simple process that can be accomplished using a few different methods. # § Rust⠀➾ # ⚓ Rust Weekly Updates ☛ This_Week_In_Rust:_This_Week_in Rust_475⠀⇛ o § Standards/Consortia⠀➾ # ⚓ Jonathan Dowland ☛ Jonathan_Dowland:_dark_mode⠀⇛ I was pleasantly surprised to find that the crux of the technical side was to define “alternate stylesheets”, something I was playing around with 20 years ago. If your browser supports it (Firefox does at least: View → Page Style) you can select one of “dark”, “light” or “default”, the last of which follows what your OS settings/preferences are. The last puzzle piece was a CSS media type query prefers-color-scheme to activate stanzas of CSS depending on the browser/OS light/dark preference. There is some awkwardness around this which is mitigated in my case by using a CSS pre-processor, in my case Sass. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Tedium ☛ A_Genuine_Link_To_The_Past⠀⇛ 2022 was not a great year for my family. We lost my father in mid-April (on Easter Sunday). That itself was unexpected and devastating. He’d been dealing with some health issues, but we didn’t see it coming. In the aftermath, we had to sort through his life and find a way to move on. When things finally started to seem like they were improving, my father-in-law—who was like a second father to me—also passed. And my aunt passed away about a week ago. In the face of all this, I found solace in family, friends, writing, therapy, and (much to my surprise) video games. I began revisiting the Legend of Zelda series because it has a special meaning to me. And although it wasn’t something over which my father and I bonded much, it still managed to help me cope with some of my grief (so much so that my therapist actually recommended I play Breath of the Wild more frequently). Today’s Tedium is going in a slightly different direction. It’s a story about how three different Legend of Zelda games somehow managed to help me process and understand my own grief. But more than that, it’s a story about my life and some things I haven’t thought about for a very long time. o ⚓ [Old]_Blockchain_has_no_place_in_Land_Registries_|_Stop_at_Zona- M⠀⇛ I had already covered another application of this particular snake oil last year, but now there is a recent post on Medium that gives even more excellent explanation why the whole general idea is crap, no matter what use case you dump it on. [...] Conflicts about the property of a house “require a central party (acting on behalf of the state and the rule of law) to update the register without the owners’ consent forcefully”. But that does not require a blockchain at all to happen. Quite the contrary actually. Throwing a blockchain into the handling of house property disputes would be just “technical convolution for no reason”. Inside this domain or, again, any other kind of property “the blockchain offers absolutely nothing over traditional databases”. As I said, further details are here, and I repeat the invitation to read them all. o ⚓ Favourite_books_of_2022:_Classics_–_Chris_Lamb⠀⇛ As a follow-up to yesterday’s post detailing my favourite works of fiction from 2022, today I’ll be listing my favourite fictional works that are typically filed under classics. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ CubicleNate ☛ Building_a_New_Retro_Styled_Computer_– CubicleNate’s_Techpad⠀⇛ Computers are a lot more fun when they are personal and have a bit of personaltity to them. You can’t get much more personalized than 3D printing your very own retro styled computer. This was all inspired by watching an episode on the YouTube channel, Retro Recipes, where LadyFractic built herself a retro computer, my daughter wanted to build a computer for herself. I wasn’t sure how serious she was on it but she kept watching the two part series over and over again which indicated to me that this was a project that had to be completed. When I asked what color she wanted, her face lit up and she said “pink” that cemented the deal for me. We are making one of these in pink and I think it is going to look pretty darn cool. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Cameyo_adds_support_for_Linux_apps_to_their_Cloud_Desktops –_OnMSFT.com [Ed: Microsoft boosters love this thing]⠀⇛ Cameyo, a Virtual App Delivery provider, today is announcing support for Linux apps for the first time. The company’s platform has already allowed “delivery of Windows, SaaS, and internal web apps to any device,” now adds Linux apps, which for companies that don’t rely on apps needing to be run on Windows Servers, could significantly reduce costs. # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ [Fixed]_Failed_to_connect_to raw.githubusercontent.com_port_443:_Connection_refused [Ed: Or just quit relying on Microsoft]⠀⇛ o § Linux Foundation⠀➾ # ⚓ Geospatial Media and Communications ☛ Linux’s_AgStack Project_will_build_dataset_of_field_boundaries⠀⇛ The Linux Foundation announced its AgStack Project, which will host an open-source code base, along with a fully automated, continuous computation engine that will maintain a global dataset of boundaries for agricultural fields. The AgStack Asset Registry dataset will aid food traceability, carbon tracking, crop production, and other field- level analytics. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ LWN ☛ Security_updates_for_Wednesday_[LWN.net]⠀⇛ Security updates have been issued by Fedora (curl) and SUSE (curl, freeradius-server, sqlite3, systemd, and vim). # ⚓ Wladimir Palant ☛ LastPass_breach:_The_significance_of these_password_iterations_|_Almost_Secure⠀⇛ LastPass has been breached, data has been stolen. I already pointed out that their official statement is misleading. I also explained that decrypting passwords in the stolen data is possible which doesn’t mean however that everybody is at risk now. For assessing whether you are at risk, a fairly hidden setting turned out critical: password iterations. LastPass provides an instruction to check this setting. One would expect it to be 100,100 (the LastPass default) for almost everyone. But plenty of people report having 5,000 configured there, some 500 and occasionally it’s even 1 (in words: one) iteration. # ⚓ Bruce Schneier ☛ QR_Code_Scam_–_Schneier_on_Security⠀⇛ An enterprising individual made fake parking tickets with a QR code for easy payment. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Public Domain Review ☛ Top_10_Most_Read_Pieces_from 2022_–_The_Public_Domain_Review⠀⇛ From a 1904 study of queer Berlin to the mysteries of a hole-punched archive, a rundown of the ten most read pieces we published this year. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Personal⠀➾ # ⚓ Sofa_repair⠀⇛ This is the second time I’ve grabbed my sons and repaired the sofa in the basement movie room. I’m stubborn, I think. The thing is, the kids have loved to launch themselves onto the sofa, which has caused considerable damage. I’ve tried to explain it to them… # ⚓ Meeting_the_Luthier⠀⇛ I play the violin (for pleasure; I took lessons for 10yrs as a kid, but those skills have long since gathered dust), and recently noticed that my sound post seemed a little askew. Without much hope of finding anyone to help closer than 1.5hrs away in the big city, I hopped on Google to see if I could locate a luthier who could make an ajustment. To my utter amazement, I found that there is a luthier a couple miles from my house, right here in my little mid-Missouri city! I have no idea what the odds are of this happening, but I’m fairly certain they’re small. After some digging around, I sent him an email. [...] My bridge was not quite right either, I learned. # ⚓ 🔤SpellBinding:_ACMOPTU_Wordo:_LIVED⠀⇛ o § Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ Identity⠀⇛ Identity can be complicated; consider the humble tomato, which, in certain jurisdictions, has the honor of being both a fruit, according to Botany, and a vegetable, according to the Supreme Court of the United States of America. The court relied on the so-called ordinary meaning, presumably that a majority of the human population use the plant part as they do some plant parts, but not other plant parts. The no-so-humble tomato got drunk and set the hotel room on fire. o § Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Pump_the_brakes!⠀⇛ I brought out the enTourage pocket eDGe (ebook reader) this evening from the archives. It has been awhile since I used this device. I try to keep some charge in it, and it still seems to be handling well for its age. This was a quirky device when it came out, having 2 screens, one resistive LCD and the other an eink display. There seemed to be more odd-ball kinds of devices before than now. These days, they all seem basically the same. I think the world needs a better selection of odd-ball devices. # ⚓ Overpass⠀⇛ Overpass is an interface used to query OSM data. Overpass Turbo is an Overpass web client you can use to query OSM data, export it, &c. # ⚓ Merry_Christmas!⠀⇛ Merry Christmas! Hristos se naște! С Рождеством! Feliĉan Kristnaskon! Веселого Родженја! Hey Gemini! Hoping your holidays have been merry and bright. I’m at another conference, this time as staff of a sort. I’m helping with post-lecture small group discussions, kinda like a TA. The first session I ran went well, and the bishop joined the group too. He’s a great guy. # ⚓ Thoughts_on_Privacy_Exploits_in_Gemini⠀⇛ For the purpose of this post, I’m going to ignore the possible ways companies could add their own “extensions” to the Gemini protocol to get around privacy and surveillance limitations. I’ll only look at ways existing standards and practices could be abused. Yesterday Sean responded^ to a older post by Ainent about a potential security issues in Gemini. Specifically, big tech could use marketing and PR campaigns to push their own browsers, browsers that auto-generate client certificates and attach them to every request the browser makes. Sean pointed out that such a practice might be more correctly considered a privacy issue, and that there are other, simpler ways to track users, such as analyzing IP logs and page requests. # ⚓ Project_and_Study_Updates⠀⇛ I haven’t posted here for a while, so here are a few updates on what I’ve been working on: Stargazing and astronomy studies have been a big one. Details on that are pretty well covered by my Star Log gemlog. # ⚓ sudo_make_install⠀⇛ But when I was trying to compile some documents, the neatpdf PDF postprocessor couldn’t find the requested fonts and it looked all wrong with weird or no fonts. Everything was installed in $(BASE) correctly. I could compile the same document in the git source directory and get the right results, so it had to be something to do with the way in which contents of files are changed for being used from $ (BASE). # § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ More_binocular_astronomy⠀⇛ Compared to just a few months ago when I made my last post, night time now comes a lot sooner and gets a lot darker, which means I don’t need to be content with looking at the moon or tremendously bright things like Jupiter. I have spent a lot more time with my binoculars outside at night. # ⚓ Binocular_observation_of_Jupiter_and_the_moon⠀⇛ When I was young, I used to be quite into astronomy (I was into a lot of things before computing came along and hypnotised me to the exclusion of much else for a big chunk of my life which I’ll never get back). I never owned a telescope or even, as far as I recall, binoculars, and to be honest I’m not sure I even felt the need. I grew up somewhere moderately remote, where light pollution wasn’t really an issue, so you could just go outside and look up on a clear night and behold the Milky Way whenever you felt like it. Shooting stars and satellites were things you could easily spot multiple times on any given night. I had one of those little rotating cardboard wheel star chart things, and I learned my way around the sky pretty well and spotted plenty of planets. I guess maybe all of this is more what you would call “stargazing” rather than amateur astronomy per se, although maybe that’s a bogus and snobbish distinction to draw. I guess it took a while even after the internet and computing appeared in my life for this interest to completely wane, I remember taking a degree of geeky pride in making the objectively unwise decision to interrupt my sleep at some ungodly hour the night before my final high school physics exam in order to watch a meteor shower (I still did fine). And I was even in my university’s astronomy club, although to be honest that was mostly just a social club for hypernerds and any kind of genuine astronomy-based event was outnumbered more than ten to one by quiz nights, video nights, fundraising BBQs, etc. Good times, to be sure, but I spent more time staring at the skies by myself as a kid. Until very recently, it had been definitely over a decade since I’d done *anything* like any of the above. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ introducing_booji.mutated.net⠀⇛ OK, and we’re back! I had a bunch of sysadmin stuff I needed to do with my gopherspace and that’s the reason why it’s been “Under Construction.” I basically offloaded my past phlog phosts and projects over to my own server, which I have been meaning to do for quite some time. My current phlog updates will remain as part of the sdf hosted gopher.club / Internet Gopher Club Underground Syndicate. There probably won’t be much noticable difference, aside from the server name for the older stuff. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ䷩ 𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 2710 ╒═══════════════════ 𝐃𝐀𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 ═════════════════════════════════════════════╕ ⠀⌧ █▇▆▅▄▃▂▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 12.28.22⠀▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ ⌧ Gemini_version_available_♊︎ ✐ Links_28/12/2022:_An_ESP32_Uptake,_ProtonUp-Qt_v2.7.7_Available⠀✐ Posted in News_Roundup at 8:08 am by Dr. Roy Schestowitz 🄸🄼🄰🄶🄴 🄳🄴🅂🄲🅁🄸🄿🅃🄸🄾🄽 ⦇GNOME bluefish⦈ § Contents⠀➾ * GNU/Linux o Audiocasts/Shows o Applications o Instructionals/Technical o Games o Desktop_Environments/WMs * Distributions_and_Operating_Systems o Canonical/Ubuntu_Family o Devices/Embedded o Mobile_Systems/Mobile_Applications * Free,_Libre,_and_Open_Source_Software o Openness/Sharing/Collaboration # Open_Access/Content o Programming/Development # Perl_/_Raku # Python # Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh * Leftovers o Education o Hardware o Health/Nutrition/Agriculture o Proprietary o Security # Privacy/Surveillance o Defence/Aggression o Environment # Energy # Wildlife/Nature # Overpopulation o Finance o AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics o Censorship/Free_Speech o Civil_Rights/Policing o Digital_Restrictions_(DRM) o Monopolies # Patents # Copyrights * Gemini*_and_Gopher o Technical # Science # Internet/Gemini * § GNU/Linux⠀➾ o § Audiocasts/Shows⠀➾ # ⚓ Video ☛ The_Lunduke_Journal_Predictions_for_2023_– Invidious⠀⇛ It’s the end of the year. Which means I am morally obligated to provide the official Lunduke Journal predictions for 2023. # ⚓ Video ☛ Robots,_Rambles,_distractions,_Christmas_movies_and a_lamp_–_A_Trendy_Talk_–_Invidious⠀⇛ # ⚓ GNU World Order (Audio Show) ☛ GNU_World_Order_492⠀⇛ A useful kservice example, and listener email about ZFS backups shasum o § Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ OMG Ubuntu ☛ Ear_Tag_(GTK_Audio_Tag_Editor)_Gets_a_Major Performance_Boost_–_OMG!_Ubuntu!⠀⇛ Significant performance improvements and additional editing capabilities are included in the latest version of Ear Tag. Ear Tag is GTK4/libadwaita app designed for simple editing of audio file metadata. While designed for editing individual tracks you can use it to batch edit fields for multiple audio files at the same time. During the festive period a new version of of the app was released that enhances the focused feature-set further. The Github description for the Ear Tag 0.3.0 release touts “greatly improved performance“, with faster loading times when working with and/or switching between audio files and, for the impatient, a loading indicator to reassure you the app is still functioning! Devs say they’ve also resolved several memory leaks. Additionally, it’s now possible to edit more tag fields in Ear Tag v0.3.0, including less-common and niche tags like arranger, BPM, composer, copyright, ISRC, language, mood, and more. Audio files with existing metadata for these tags show editable fields, or you can use the new “select a tag” menu to add these tags individually. o § Instructionals/Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Enable_the_SSH_Server_On_Pop!_OS⠀⇛ Secure Shell (SSH) works as the secure network protocol to make a secured connection between clients and a server. SSH is a popular approach nowadays to establish secure connections easily. You can securely transfer files from one system to another by activating SSH. However, many users always need clarification about enabling the SSH server in Linux. So, in this tutorial, we will give you a brief about a simple process to enable SSH on a Pop!_OS system. # ⚓ Linux Shell Tips ☛ How_to_Convert_Hexadecimal_to_Decimal Numbers_in_Linux⠀⇛ This guide explores various ways that you can use to convert hexadecimal to decimal values in Linux bash scripting. In computing, there are four types of numbers and they are Decimal, Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ How_to_Install_NVIDIA_Drivers_on_Ubuntu 22.04_|_20.04_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ The Nvidia Graphics Card Drivers can often improve the performance of Ubuntu systems and often improve performance for gaming or digital editing. In the following tutorial, you will learn how to install NVIDIA Graphic Drivers on 22.04 Jammy Jellyfish LTS or 20.04 Focal Fossa using four methods that should suit most user requirements. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ How_to_Find_Your_IP_Address_on_Pop!_OS⠀⇛ An IP address is a codename on a network of computers which stands for ‘Internet Protocol.’ It acts as a mailing address and ensures that the sent network is received on the correct system. Before proceeding further, we will learn about the IP address. # ⚓ Linux Capable ☛ Enable_or_Disable_Firewall_on_Ubuntu_22.04 |_20.04_–_LinuxCapable⠀⇛ Regarding firewall protection for your system, the default Ubuntu UFW program is a great option. For newer users of Ubuntu and Linux, UFW is short for “uncomplicated firewall.” UFW allows users with little knowledge of how Linux IPTABLES can secure their home network or server without the need to learn complicated long-tail commands that are more for the sysadmin side of things, where most users want to add and remove rules. The UFW program was designed with the home user in mind but can be used by any user for a home network or server and can be easily extended if more advanced features are needed. The following tutorial will teach you how to check, enable and disable the UFW firewall and, for desktop users, install the firewall GUI to better control UFW for users that do not want to use the terminal in the future. # ⚓ Redirecting_webfinger_requests_with_Apache⠀⇛ If you have a personal domain, it is nice if you can redirect webfinger requests so you can be easily found via your email. This is hardly a new idea, but the growth of Mastodon recently has made this more prominent. I wanted to redirect webfinger endpoints to a Mastondon host I am using, but only my email and only standard Apache rewrites. Below, replace xxx@yyy\.com with your email and zzz.social with the account to be redirected to. There are a couple of tricks in being able to inspect the query-string and quoting, but the end result that works for me is # ⚓ UNIX Cop ☛ How_to_Install_NetBSD?⠀⇛ Hello, friends. In this post, you will see how to install NetBSD. The exercise will be done on a virtual machine. # ⚓ Linux Hint ☛ Oracle_Create_Database_Link⠀⇛ In Oracle, a database link refers to a database object that allows a user to access data on a remote database. It essentially acts as a “link” between two databases, allowing a user to execute a SQL query on one database and access data from another. # ⚓ How_to_Install_Linux_Kernel_6.1_on_Rocky_Linux,_Alma Linux⠀⇛ This beginner tutorial will show you how to install Linux kernel 6.1 on AlmaLinux 9 and Rocky Linux 9 systems. o § Games⠀➾ # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ ProtonUp-Qt_v2.7.7_adds_support_for NorthstarProton_to_play_modded_Titanfall_2⠀⇛ ProtonUp-Qt, the very useful installer app to get different compatibility layers on Steam Deck and Linux desktop, has version 2.7.7 up adding in new tools. This is one of those applications that just keeps on getting better all the time, something to keep in the toolbox ready for when you need it. # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Bots_Are_Stupid_is_an_ultra-precise programming-platformer⠀⇛ Up for a challenge and love programming? Well it seems that Bots Are Stupid might be a good fit for you. An ultra-precise platformer where you don’t directly control things — what could possibly go wrong? # ⚓ GamingOnLinux ☛ Get_a_copy_of_Worms_Revolution_Gold_Edition free_during_the_GOG_Winter_Sale_2022⠀⇛ Another free game giveaway is here. GOG are giving you a chance to grab Worms Revolution Gold Edition free during their Winter Sale 2022. o § Desktop Environments/WMs⠀➾ # ⚓ DebugPoint ☛ Xfce_4.18_is_Arriving_in_MX_Linux:_Ready_for Testing⠀⇛ MX Linux is the famous lightweight Linux distribution which is perfect for older hardware and brings Xfce, KDE Plasma and Fluxbox flavours for its users. Based on Debian’s stable branch, the current MX Linux 21 series features Xfce 4.16 desktop environment. Because Debian stable still has the Xfce 4.16. MX Linux team is preparing for Xfce 4.18 updates and is now available to test drive. Here’s how to install it. * § Distributions and Operating Systems⠀➾ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ DietPi_Releases_8.12_With_Support_For_The_Rockchip RK3588_SoC⠀⇛ This month DietPi released version 8.12 of this SBC- oriented Linux distribution. Most notable is the addition of support for the NanoPi R6S and the Radxa ROCK 5B SBCs. The ROCK 5B features the new flagship Rockchip RK3588 SoC with quad Cortex-A76 and quad Cortex-A55. What makes DietPi interesting as an operating system for not just higher end SBCs but also lower-end SBCs compared to options like Debian, Raspberry Pi OS and Armbian is that it has a strong focus on being the most optimized. This translates in a smaller binary size, lower RAM usage and more optimized performance. o § Canonical/Ubuntu Family⠀➾ # ⚓ Ubuntu ☛ Hybrid_cloud_infrastructure_modernisation [Ed: A pool of buzzwords and mindless clown computing marketing]⠀⇛ Public clouds enabled digital transformation at unprecedented speed. But their operational costs over time can be exacting as compute needs increase. Hybrid clouds emerged as an alternative to gain the benefits of both worlds: private infrastructure that allows for lower operational expenditures and tighter control, and public clouds that can scale with ease. Organisations looking to adopt a hybrid cloud architecture should carefully consider their options for private cloud vendors, as well as their implications for application design and development, workload orchestration and long-term maintenance. o § Devices/Embedded⠀➾ # ⚓ Linux Gizmos ☛ Industrial_Edge_Controller_powered_by_ESP32- S3_module⠀⇛ The EdgeBox-ESP-100 is a rugged controller equipped with the ESP32-S3 SoC. This new product from SeeedStudio offers support for fieldbus solutions as 1x CAN Bus, 1x RS485. Ethernet LAN port, and other isolated peripherals. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ An_ESP32-Based_Potentiostat⠀⇛ Ever wanted to make your own wireless chemical sensor? Researchers from the University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine) have got you covered with their ESP32-based potentiostat. o § Mobile Systems/Mobile Applications⠀➾ # ⚓ 9to5Google ☛ See_and_disable_which_apps_can_access_your location_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Android Headlines ☛ How_to_use_VPN_like_a_pro_on_Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Sportskeeda ☛ 5_best_multiplayer_Android_games_to_play_with friends⠀⇛ # ⚓ Backbone_One_controller_not_working_with_Remote_Play_on Android⠀⇛ # ⚓ Make Use Of ☛ The_Most_Exciting_Android_Devices_Released_in 2022⠀⇛ * § Free, Libre, and Open Source Software⠀➾ o ⚓ India Times ☛ ‘Home_Assistant’_to_get_its_own_voice_separate_from Siri_or_Alexa⠀⇛ Schoutsen’s blog post highlighted the platform’s priority to make ‘Home Assistant’ accessible in multiple languages. o ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ 5_open_source_ideas_for_being_more_inclusive through_accessibility⠀⇛ As the internet opens the planet into a world stage, inclusion should be at the forefront of how we design, build, and implement our ideas. With 15% of people self- identifying as disabled worldwide, that is far too many people to leave behind due to lack of accessibility. This includes permanent, temporary, episodic, and situational disabilities. In 2022, we published some great articles about making digital assets more accessible. Here are a few of the top picks. o § Openness/Sharing/Collaboration⠀➾ # § Open Access/Content⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Free_PACER_Access_Heads_To_The_Back_Burner Again_As_Legislators_Pull_It_From_2023_Budget_Bill⠀⇛ This dramatization of recent events omits or alters a few key details. I will correct those here: o § Programming/Development⠀➾ # ⚓ More_Shell_Programming_Secrets_Nobody_Talks_About⠀⇛ # ⚓ Gvid ☛ General_guidance_when_working_as_a_cloud_engineer⠀⇛ Do not make production changes on Fridays, you will gain enemies if you do so. Git should be your only source of truth. Discard any local files or changes, what’s not pushed into the repository, does not exist. # ⚓ OpenSource.com ☛ 11_tips_for_writing_a_good_Git_commit message⠀⇛ Lately, I have been paying closer attention to the changelogs I get from products and services when updates are needed. Here are some examples: When I think about some of the first commit messages I made as a junior developer I have to hang my head in dismay: This can be frustrating! I asked our community of contributors the following questions: # ⚓ When_is_it_safe_to_use_import_statements_in_Jest_tests?⠀⇛ # § Perl / Raku⠀➾ # ⚓ Perl ☛ Moving_from_Perl_5.8.8_(2007)_TO_Perl_5.36.0_ (2022)_|_kido_mitsuru_[blogs.perl.org]⠀⇛ # § Python⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] LWN ☛ The_return_of_lazy_imports_for_Python⠀⇛ Back in September, we looked at a Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP) to add “lazy” imports to the language; the execution of such an import would be deferred until its symbols were needed in order to save program- startup time. While the problem of startup time for short-running, often command-line- oriented, tools is widely acknowledged in the Python community, and the idea of deferring imports is generally popular, there are concerns about the effect of the feature on the ecosystem as a whole. Since our article, the PEP has been revised and discussed further, but the feature was recently rejected by the steering council (SC) because of those concerns; that has not completely ended the quest for lazy imports, however. # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ How_to_Connect_MySQL_Database_in_Python_– TecAdmin⠀⇛ Python is a popular programming language that is widely used for web development, data analysis, scientific computing, and many other tasks. It is known for its simplicity and ease of use, making it a great choice for beginners and experienced developers alike. One of the key features of Python is its ability to interact with databases, which makes it easy to store, retrieve, and manipulate data. In this article, we will look at how to connect to a MySQL database in Python using the `mysql-connector-python` library, which is a MySQL driver for Python. We will also cover some basic operations such as creating tables, inserting data, and querying the database. # § Shell/Bash/Zsh/Ksh⠀➾ # ⚓ TecAdmin ☛ Checking_If_a_Command_Succeeded_in_Bash Using_the_`$?`_Special_Variable⠀⇛ In Bash, it is often necessary to check if a command succeeded or failed. For example, you may want to execute different commands based on the success or failure of a command, or you may want to perform error handling in a script. To check if a command succeeded or failed in Bash, you can examine the exit status of the command. The exit status of a command is a numerical value that indicates the success or failure of the command. A command with an exit status of 0 indicates success, and a command with a non-zero exit status indicates failure. * § Leftovers⠀➾ o ⚓ Telex (Hungary) ☛ The_secret_Budapest_eatery_that_even_the_New York_Times_raved_about⠀⇛ o ⚓ Hackaday ☛ ESPHome_Powers_Festive_Lego_Train_Set⠀⇛ While the basic concept of LEGO bricks might have changed little since the mid-20th century, some components such as motors and sensors are still affected by technological progress and end up obsolete and unsupported. [Travis] ran into this problem when he was building a festive train setup and realized he didn’t have the speed controller to match his train engine. Without that part, the engine would only run at full speed and derail as soon as it hit a curve. The official speed controller had been discontinued and was hard to find, so [Travis] had to resort to building his own. o ⚓ The Nation ☛ Braying_Through_History⠀⇛ Is it a paradox that the flashiest, wildest, most heedless—in short, the most youthful—movie I saw this past year would be EO, written and directed by Polish octogenarian Jerzy Skolimowski? Perhaps not. Skolimowski was a junior member of the Polish new wave, which broke in the mid-1950s with Andrzej Wajda’s Kanal and Andrzej Munk’s Eroica. Drafted at age 22 to doctor the script of Wajda’s 1960 “youth film” Innocent Sorcerers, he initiated his career as Polish cinema’s designated new- generation spokesman. Now, at age 84 and still as willful as a toddler, he has reworked one of the most revered movies ever made, Robert Bresson’s 1966 Au Hasard Balthazar. o ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Cinema_Beyond_Cinemas:_the_Best_Films_of_2022⠀⇛ I came to Godard late, at least for him. By the time I saw Band of Outsiders (in a double-bill with Breathless) in 1977, JLG had already proclaimed the death of cinema in the closing frames of Week-End. I had watched a lot of movies by then and was smug enough to think I could discern the difference between a “movie” and a “film.” Watching Band of Outsiders, which came out 13 years before I saw it for the first time, was like getting an electric shock to the eyeballs. It had all the elements of a familiar Hollywood movie, chopped apart, sped up, slowed down and reassembled in a new, exhilarating order.  Godard opened the door to Renoir, Bergman, Fassbinder, Rivette, Fellini, Kurosawa, Fuller, Wajda, Varda, Nick Ray and Lang. (Still my own Pantheon, along with Howard Hawks and Preston Sturges.) I couldn’t get enough. I wanted to watch every film these directors made and all the films by the directors who influenced and were influenced by them. From 1977 to 1981, I watched 10 to 12 films a week (while carrying a heavy reading load in my lit and history classes). I raced from theater to theater, from DC to Baltimore. I snuck into screenings for film studies classes at AU, Georgetown, GW and Hopkins. I was obsessed. These weren’t date nights–or when they were, there usually wasn’t a second. Certainly not after sitting through 7.5 hours of Hans-Jürgen Syberberg’s Hitler: a Film From Germany or the 5-hour version of Bertolucci’s 1900.  Who could blame them, really? o § Education⠀➾ # ⚓ [Old] Current Affairs ☛ The_Dangerous_Academic_is_an Extinct_Species⠀⇛ Furthermore, the academics who produce those ideas aren’t exactly at liberty to think and do as they please. The overwhelming “adjunctification” of the university has meant that approximately 76% of professors… aren’t professors at all, but underpaid and overworked adjuncts, lecturers, and assistants. And while conditions for adjuncts are slowly improving, especially through more widespread unionization, their place in the university is permanently unstable. This means that no adjunct can afford to seriously offend. To make matters worse, adjuncts rely heavily on student evaluations to keep their positions, meaning that their classrooms cannot be places to heavily contest or challenge students’ politics. Instructors could literally lose their jobs over even the appearance of impropriety. One false step—a video seen as too salacious, or a political opinion held as oppressive—could be the end of a career. An adjunct must always be docile and polite. o § Hardware⠀➾ # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Mouse_Enjoys_Its_Freedom⠀⇛ Although it took a little while to standardize on the two-button-with-scroll-wheel setup, most computers have used a mouse or mouse-like device to point at objects on the screen since the 80s. But beyond the standard “point and click” features of the mouse, there have been very few ground-breaking innovations beyond creature comforts. At least, until the “Space Mushroom” mouse from [Shinsaku Hiura] hit our tips line. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Spinning_Holographic_POV_Christmas_Tree_Of Death⠀⇛ [Sean Hodgins] really harnessed the holiday spirit to create his very own Giant Spinning Holographic Christmas Tree (of Death). It’s a three-dimensional persistence-of-vision (POV) masterpiece, but as a collection of rapidly spinning metal elements, it’s potentially quite dangerous as well. As [Sean] demonstrates, the system can display other images and animations well beyond the realm of mere holiday trees. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Flexible,_Thin-Film_Biosensors⠀⇛ We like to keep a pulse on the latest biosensor research going on around the world. One class of biosensors that have really caught our attention is the so-called thin-film sensors, pioneered by the Rogers Research Group at Northwestern University. # ⚓ Hackaday ☛ Lo-Fi_Fun:_Beer_Can_Microphones⠀⇛ Sometimes, you just need an easy win, right? This is one of those projects. A couple months back, I was looking at my guitars and guitar accessories and thought, it is finally time to do something with the neck I’ve had lying around for years. In trying to decide a suitable body for the slapdash guitar I was about to build, I found myself at a tractor supply store for LEGO-related reasons. (Where else are you going to get a bunch of egg cartons without eating a bunch of eggs?) I  noticed that they happened to also stock ammo boxes. Bam! It’s sturdy, it opens easily, and it’s (very) roughly guitar body shaped. I happily picked one up and started scheming on the way home. o § Health/Nutrition/Agriculture⠀➾ # ⚓ India Times ☛ US_House_bans_TikTok_on_all_House-managed devices_over_‘security_risks’⠀⇛ TikTok has faced growing concerns over national security due to Chinese parent company ByteDance, as per the CBS News report. US officials have repeatedly said that the Chinese government could ask the company to share the data it gathers on its users. Earlier in November, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Director Christopher Wray said that they have national security concerns, including the possibility that the Chinese government could use it to control data collection. # ⚓ Vice Media Group ☛ TikTok_Is_Flooding_Vulnerable_Teenage Girls_With_Self-Harm_Content:_Report⠀⇛ TikTok’s algorithm is inundating vulnerable children as young as 13 with self-harm and eating disorder videos minutes after they join the platform and the company appears to be doing nothing to stop it, according to new research published Thursday. # ⚓ CNN ☛ TikTok_may_push_potentially_harmful_content_to_teens within_minutes,_study_finds⠀⇛ In a report published Wednesday, the non-profit Center for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) found that it can take less than three minutes after signing up for a TikTok account to see content related to suicide and about five more minutes to find a community promoting eating disorder content. The researchers said they set up eight new accounts in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia at TikTok’s minimum user age of 13. These accounts briefly paused on and liked content about body image and mental health. The CCDH said the app recommended videos about body image and mental health about every 39 seconds within a 30- minute period. # ⚓ Copenhagen Post ☛ PFAS_found_in_ground_water_in_every_fifth municipality⠀⇛ The water in the polluted borings must not be used as drinking water without being diluted or cleansed. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Groups_Sue_to_Stop_Company’s _‘Forever Chemical’_Contamination_of_Plastic_Containers⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ On_Football,_Opium_and_Popular_Resistance: Not_All_Sports_Are_Created_Equal⠀⇛ The reference, which summons a famous Marxist maxim about religion written in a specific historical context, suggested that governments use mass sports events to distract from political problems or social conflicts. He is partly right. Not only do governments invest in sports as a form of distraction, but they also often turn sports into a form of political legitimization. While all governments play this game, the US excels in it. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ She_Says_Doctors_Ignored_Her_Concerns_About Her_Pregnancy._For_Many_Black_Women,_It’s_a_Familiar_Story.⠀⇛ Lying on her living room sofa, her head cradled just under her husband’s shoulder, Brooke Smith pulled out a pen and began marking up her medical records. Paging through the documents, she read a narrative that did not match her experience, one in which she said doctors failed to heed her concerns and nurses misrepresented what she told them. In anticipation of giving birth to her first child in the spring of 2014, Brooke had twice gone to the hospital in the weeks leading up to her due date because she hadn’t felt the baby kick, her medical records show. And twice doctors had sent her back home. # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Appeals_Court_Tosses_Stupid_Lawsuit_Filed_By Anti-Vaxxer_Claiming_Federal_Government_Made_Twitter_Ban_Her Account⠀⇛ Colleen Huber M.D. thinks she can cure cancer by altering patients’ sugar intake. She also believes baking soda is better than chemotherapy when it comes to fighting this disease. Rational people think she’s endangering people’s lives and have said as much. Repeatedly. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_Question⠀⇛ Ten doctors, a lawyer, a historian, and a theologian walk into a Harvard conference room. This isn’t the start of a bad joke, but the beginning of a consequential decision—an attempt to define death itself. Or at least to formulate a new definition that reflected the advances in medicine during the 1960s. For much of medical history before then, “cardio-respiratory failure was the only way to die.” But now ventilators could keep someone’s heart beating even if they had no other outward signs of life. This new medical technology helped pave the way for innovations in organ preservation and donation. It also meant that a new way to understand death, legally and medically, was needed. This is how the concept of “brain death” entered the public record. o § Proprietary⠀➾ # ⚓ Mexico News Daily ☛ Mexico_is_one_of_the_top_victims_of cyberattacks_in_Latin_America [iophk: Windows TCO]⠀⇛ The global cybersecurity company Fortinet said that from January to June, Mexico suffered more cyberattacks than some of the biggest targets in Latin America, including Brazil (at 31.5 billion) and Colombia (6.3 billion). Fortinet noted that many attacks used sophisticated and targeted strategies such as ransomware. o § Security⠀➾ # ⚓ Naked Security ☛ Critical_“10-out-of-10”_Linux_kernel_SMB hole_–_should_you_worry? [Ed: This is false. It is no longer 10 out of 10 and hasn't been for days.]⠀⇛ Just before the Christmas weekend – in fact, at about the same time that beleaguered password management service LastPass was admitting that, yes, your password vaults were stolen by criminals after all – we noticed a serious-sounding Linux kernel vulnerability that hit the news. # ⚓ Joe Brockmeier ☛ Link-o-Rama:_Desert_of_Social_Media,_a raccoon_and_snow,_dissecting_the_LastPass_communications_: Dissociated_Press⠀⇛ LastPast’s comms around its most recent breach are less than reassuring. But if you really want to dig in, Almost Secure really tears into their statement. (Might be time to stop using LastPass.) # ⚓ Istio_/_Support_for_Istio_1.14_has_ended⠀⇛ As previously announced, support for Istio 1.14 has now officially ended. At this point we will no longer back-port fixes for security issues and critical bugs to 1.14, so we heartily encourage you to upgrade to the latest version of Istio (1.16.1) if you haven’t already. # § Privacy/Surveillance⠀➾ # ⚓ EFF ☛ Users_Worldwide_Said_“Stop_Scanning_Us”:_2022 in_Review⠀⇛ In 2022, we fought back against large-scale attempts by governments to undermine secure and private online speech. The U.S. Senate introduced a new version of the toxically unpopular EARN IT Act. This bill would push companies to drop strong encryption by threatening the removal of key legal protections for websites and apps. EFF supporters spoke up and this bill was stopped in the Senate, again, although not before an unfortunate committee vote that endorsed the bill.  In the U.K., Parliament debated an Online Safety Bill that would mandate tech providers use “accredited software” to constantly scan users for illegal material. And an even larger threat emerged in the European Union, where the European Parliament is debating a regulation that could lead to mandatory government scanning of every private message, photo, and video. All three of these proposals are pushed by law enforcement agencies in their respective jurisdictions, and they all have the same reasoning: preventing child abuse. But constant surveillance doesn’t keep adults or kids safer. Minors also need to have private conversations with trusted adults, not devices with built-in backdoors. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Human_Rights_Expert_Sounds_Alarm_Over Israeli_Firm’s_‘Dystopian’_Video-Altering_Tech⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Israeli_Firm_Plans_Expanding_Its Deployment_of_Video-Altering_Tech⠀⇛ o § Defence/Aggression⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ The_co-leader_of_a_plot_to_kidnap_Michigan’s_governor gets_16_years_in_prison⠀⇛ Jonker said there was nothing that made him think of Fox as a “natural leader,” but said conspiracies like the plot to kidnap Whitmer take “a lot of fuel” and that Fox “provided it.” # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Family_of_8,_including_3_children,_murdered_in Russian-annexed_Donetsk_region_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russian military investigators opened a criminal case in connection with the violent murder of a family of eight in Makiivka, a city in the Russian- annexed Donetsk region of Ukraine. Three of the victims were children, the youngest being a one- year-old toddler, as reported by local authorities. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Retired_married_couple_in_Podolsk_try_set_fire_to a_military_enlistment_office_—_Meduza⠀⇛ In Podolsk, a married couple of pensioners tried to set fire to a military enlistment office. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘My_soul_is_in_my_own_hands’_The_case_of_the_first Russian_officer_charged_with_a_felony_for_refusing_to_kill_in Ukraine_—_Meduza⠀⇛ When 27-year-old Senior Lieutenant Dmitry Vasilets was sent to Ukraine last February, his superiors only told him that he was going to take part in some training maneuvers. He says he was shocked to learn the truth — that Russia was launching a full- scale invasion — but it would take five months for him to get a 15-day leave of absence. Deeply satisfied that he hadn’t killed anyone in his months of service, Vasilets considered his future and refused to return to the combat zone. “I had a choice,” he says, “and I made it.” He now faces felony charges and the prospect of prison time in Russia under a new law that criminalizes disobedience in the Russian military. Meduza summarizes the case against Dmitry Vasilets, based on a longer story published by Novaya Gazeta. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Planning_for_War_Crimes_Trials_Post-Nuclear War⠀⇛ The Nuremberg and Tokyo War Crimes trials give some historical precedent for framing the process of trying the War Criminals responsible for any nuclear war, be they Presidents, Captains of Nuclear Weapons Industries, Congresses, Dumas, or even Judges enabling the crimes (the Justice Trials). Taking the Ukraine conflict solely as a “thought experiment” for considering a nuclear war, assuming nuclear weapons were to be used where does that leave the law? In his book Einstein on Peace, Albert Einstein opined on the Nuremberg Trials February 20, 1954: # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Ukraine_Crisis_Is_a_Classic_“Security Dilemma”⠀⇛ Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Kuleba proposed a “peace summit” in February to be chaired by UN Secretary General Guterres, but with the precondition that Russia must first face prosecution for war crimes in an international court. On the other side, Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov issued a chilling ultimatum that Ukraine must accept Russia’s terms for peace or “the issue will be decided by the Russian Army.” But what if there were a way of understanding this conflict and possible solutions that encompassed the views of all sides and could take us beyond one-sided narratives and proposals that serve only to fuel and escalate the war? The crisis in Ukraine is in fact a classic case of what International Relations scholars call a “security dilemma,” and this provides a more objective way of looking at it. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ The_Ukraine_Crisis_Is_a_Classic_‘Security Dilemma’⠀⇛ Medea Benjamin and Nicolas J.S. Davies argue there’s a single solution to a security dilemma like the war in Ukraine. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘An_Absolute_F**king_Disgrace’:_Record 6,036_US_Kids_Killed,_Injured_by_Gunfire_in_2022⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Nations_of_the_World_Unite!⠀⇛ Over thousands of years, wars have brought immense suffering to people around the globe. In addition to the widespread annihilation of human life, wars have produced vast material losses, including the destruction of homes, schools, hospitals, entire cities, the environment, and much of what people value as civilization. They have also channeled enormous financial resources into military buildups that, even if not employed in battle, deprive other public and private programs of adequate attention and funding. Also, since World War II, when nuclear weapons were first developed and used with terrible effect, the means of waging war have entered a new dimension, giving it the power to destroy virtually all life on earth. Although, in recent centuries, many people have lamented war’s squandering of blood and treasure, as well as the suicidal nature of modern war, they have not yet found an effective way to stop it. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ The_Ukraine_Crisis_Is_a_Classic_‘Security Dilemma’⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ FSB_general_linked_to_Navalny_poisoning_forced_to retire,_presumably_for_leaks_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Colonel General Eduard Chernovoltsev, the former head of the FSB’s science-and-tech service NTS, has been sent into retirement. Chernovoltsev oversaw the work of the FSB Forensic Science Institute (FSB NII-2), which developed the nerve agents used to poison the opposition leaders Alexey Navalny and Vladimir Kara-Murza, as well as the Russian writer Dmitry Bykov. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Brittney_Griner_Faced_Brutal_Conditions_in Jail—but_So_Did_Viktor_Bout⠀⇛ Shortly after WNBA superstar Brittney Griner headed home following a prison swap for the Russian arms dealer Viktor Bout, media outlets from The New York Times to Politico to Time delved into Bout’s life, publishing sordid tales of his gun-running and alleged history selling arms to Al Qaeda, the Taliban, and Liberia’s Charles Taylor. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Kamchatka_man_sentenced_to_nearly_two_years_in open_prison_for_refusing_to_go_to_war_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A military court in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the capital of Russia’s Kamchatka Krai, has sentenced a soldier named Alexey Breusov to a year and eight months in an open prison after finding him guilty of failing to carry out an order during wartime and refusing to participate in combat. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_gives_golden_‘rings_of_power’_to_eight_CIS leaders,_keeping_another_for_himself_—_Meduza⠀⇛ At the informal Commonwealth of Independent States summit in St. Petersburg, Russian President Vladimir Putin presented the CIS leaders with club rings that look like they are made of yellow and white gold. Each ring’s design incorporates the CIS emblem and the words “Happy New Year 2023.” # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Texas_Cop_Sentenced_To_More_Than_11_Years_In Jail_For_Killing_A_Woman_During_A_Welfare_Check⠀⇛ It’s not often a cop gets criminally charged for killing someone. In most cases, cops are cleared of wrongdoing. Even when they aren’t, their employers and overseers aren’t interested in establishing deterrents to bad police behavior or holding bad cops accountable for their wrongdoing. o § Environment⠀➾ # ⚓ NPR ☛ How_Hollywood_gets_wildfires_all_wrong_—_much_to_the frustration_of_firefighters⠀⇛ Instead, Bolten said, Hollywood should share messages about things like the usefulness of controlled burns to clear out overgrown brush, the public’s role in wildfire prevention, and how climate change is turning wildlands across the world into tinderboxes. “Introducing the complexity of the conversation that’s actually happening in fire and climate change and fuels management would be a huge help,” Bolten said. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ This_Year’s_Top_10_Global_Climate_Disasters Each_Cost_Over_$3_Billion⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Markets_and_Technology_Won’t_Solve_Climate Crisis._We_Must_End_Capitalism.⠀⇛ It’s the accumulation of capital that’s destroying the Earth System as a place of human habitability. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Mother_Nature_Still_Calls_the_Shots⠀⇛ While headlines proclaim the “deadly cold,” the reality is these temperatures were not particularly considered out of the ordinary in Montana’s past. And despite the inconvenience to our human endeavors, one silver lining in the frigid cloud is the demise of pine bark beetles that have rapidly multiplied in the shorter, warmer winters and early springs. As reported in a recent article on Canada’s Jasper National Park, Mother Nature has pretty much wiped out the pine beetle populations by sending her Arctic fingers south. Dave Argument, the resource conservation officer for Parks Canada put it this way: “It’s probably been in the last three winters where we’ve had really good winter conditions that have killed those overwintering larvae to the point where now, this year’s survey — no larvae found whatsoever. Not a single living larva was found.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Extreme_Cold_Is_Caused_by_Global_Warming⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Spreading_Awareness_About_Climate_Chaos⠀⇛ I enjoy walking and biking the streets of Claremont, California, my hometown since 2008. On Christmas day, 2022, the streets were exceptionally quiet. With a temperature around 75 degrees Fahrenheit and a refreshing breeze, I was in heavens. My bike sliced through that delightful combination of heat and modestly cold air. This dream bike ride remained a pleasure for its duration. Yet reality intervened. Nature was in trouble. This was the heart of winter, December 25, 2022. Shouldn’t winter be winter? What happened to cold, nay snow or rain? My white roses were out in their summer best, their aroma delicious. My fig tree, having failed to give me any of its divine figs, was now starting new leaves. My pumpkin seeds had become an interlocking network of connecting stems and green leaves in the shape of spheres. Soon, I noticed tiny fruit being formed with exuberant pink blossoms. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ The_Climate_Crisis_Drove_the_US’s_“Bomb Cyclone,”_Record-Breaking_Temperatures⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Poll_Finds_Sinema_Gets_Only_13_Percent_Support in_3-Way_Race_With_Gallego,_Lake⠀⇛ # § Energy⠀➾ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Putin_bans_sale_of_oil_to_buyers_who_comply with_price_cap_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on measures responding to a recently adopted price cap on Russian oil. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Nuclear_Fusion: _Don’t_Believe_the Hype!⠀⇛ While most honest writers have at least acknowledged the obstacles to commercially- scaled fusion, they typically still underestimate them – as much so today as back in the 1980s. We are told that a fusion reaction would have to occur “many times a second” to produce usable amounts of energy. But the blast of energy from the LBL fusion reactor actually only lasted one tenth of a nanosecond – that’s a ten-billionth of a second. Apparently other fusion reactions (with a net energy loss) have operated for a few nanoseconds, but reproducing this reaction over a billion times every second is far beyond what researchers are even contemplating. We are told that the reactor produced about 1.5 times the amount of energy that was input, but this only counts the laser energy that actually struck the reactor vessel.  That energy, which is necessary to generate temperatures over a hundred million degrees, was the product of an array of 192 high- powered lasers, which required well over 100 times as much energy to operate. Third, we are told that nuclear fusion will someday free up vast areas of land that are currently needed to operate solar and wind power installations. But the entire facility needed to house the 192 lasers and all the other necessary control equipment was large enough to contain three football fields, even though the actual fusion reaction takes place in a gold or diamond vessel smaller than a pea.  All this just to generate the equivalent of about 10-20 minutes of energy that is used by a typical small home. Clearly, even the most inexpensive rooftop solar systems can already do far more. And Prof. Mark Jacobson’s group at Stanford University has calculated that a total conversion to wind, water and solar power might use about as much land as is currently occupied by the world’s fossil fuel infrastructure. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Nuclear_Fusion:_Don’t_Believe_the Hype!​⠀⇛ # ⚓ DeSmog ☛ 2022_in_Photos:_Gaslighting_by_the_Fossil Fuel_Industry_and_Its_Supporters⠀⇛ Photos I shot in 2022 for DeSmog capture damage from extreme weather events and the continued expansion of the fossil fuel industry — the dominant industry causing global warming. In recent years, the industry shifted from persistent science denial to presenting itself as a leader of climate solutions, embodying Merriam-Webster’s word of the year “gaslighting.” I covered developments related to the rapidly expanding petrochemical and LNG export industries, like new facilities that came online this year and rely on fracking new wells to supply the growing demand for natural gas, which is mostly methane. I also documented the construction of projects related to these industries and the public meetings for polluting projects proposed but not yet built — that if approved will contribute to global warming and intensify the climate crisis. Industries reliant on methane gas continue to expand their footprint, despite bipartisan discussions about the need to develop climate solutions. # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Sam_Bankman-Fried’s_Crypto_Companies Bilked_a_Potential_10.3_Million_User_Accounts–That’s 250_Times_More_than_Madoff⠀⇛ While Ray acknowledged that some FTX users had multiple accounts, even if you cut the 10.3 million user accounts by as much as two- thirds, 3.4 million accounts is still 85 times the number of Madoff victims. If you throw into the mix that Madoff acquired his victims over more than four decadesand Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX has been in operation for less than four years, the scope of the number of people impacted is stunning. The quantity of people lured into the FTX scheme was no doubt aided and abetted by the paid celebrity endorsers of FTX and its star-studded TV commercials. # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ BP_Faces_Backlash_Over_Plans_to_Spend Much_More_on_Fossil_Fuels_Than_Green_Energy⠀⇛ # § Wildlife/Nature⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Wildlife_Wishes_and_Resolutions⠀⇛ # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Fire_Scientists_Determined_to_Learn from_Marshall_Fire⠀⇛ Among the tens of thousands of Coloradans who fled the state’s most destructive blaze a year ago were some of the nation’s foremost experts on fire behavior and natural disaster recovery. Brad Wham, a disaster reconnaissance specialist, watched in horror on Dec. 30, 2021, as the Marshall Fire chewed through mulch on medians around him as he drove away from his Louisville home. # ⚓ Pro Publica ☛ Colorado_Officials_Have_Ignored_Lessons From_Marshall_Fire⠀⇛ Sheriff’s deputies driving 45 mph couldn’t outpace the flames. Dense smoke, swirling dust and flying plywood obscured the firestorm’s growth and direction, delaying evacuations. Within minutes, landscaped islands in a Costco parking lot in Superior, Colorado, caught fire as structures became the inferno’s primary fuel. It consumed the Element Hotel, as well as part of a Tesla service center, a Target and the entire Sagamore neighborhood. Across a six-lane freeway, in the town of Louisville, flames rocketed through parks and climbed wooden fences, setting homes ablaze. They spread from one residence to the next in a mere eight minutes, reaching temperatures as high as 1,650 degrees. # § Overpopulation⠀➾ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Planned_Parenthood_of_Illinois_Saw Out-of-State_Patients_Soar_After_Roe_Fell⠀⇛ o § Finance⠀➾ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Big_Victory_on_Retirement_Income_in_Omnibus Spending_Bill⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Congress_Passes_Measure_Making_It_Easier_for Workers_to_Track_Retirement_Funds⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ The_US_Should_Follow_EU’s_Steps_Toward Global_Minimum_Tax⠀⇛ # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ Pandemic_Poverty:_Ray_Suarez_on_How_COVID- 19_Set_Back_Low-Income_Workers_in_the_U.S.,_Especially Women⠀⇛ A new series of video reports by the Economic Hardship Reporting Project and The Intercept called “Insecurity” looks at women leaving the workforce, the impact of the expanded child tax credit, and the wave of union organizing during the pandemic. The series spotlights people navigating food, housing and healthcare insecurity — who are falling through the cracks of the social safety net in the process. We feature clips from the series and speak with the host, Ray Suarez, former PBS correspondent and longtime journalist and an author, and Alissa Quart, executive director of the Economic Hardship Reporting Project and author of “Squeezed: Why Our Families Can’t Afford America.” # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Flight_Attendants’_Union_Blasts_Southwest Over_Mass_Flight_Cancellations,_‘Despicable’_Treatment_of Workers⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Pay_Disparity_Is_Rising._Let’s_Commit_to_an Equitable_Economy_in_the_New_Year.⠀⇛ # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Before_COB_on_the_First_Workday_of_2023,_CEOs Will_Make_More_Than_the_Average_Annual_Pay_for_All_US Workers⠀⇛ Before happy hour time, the typical top exec will have pocketed more than home health aides, firefighters, pre-K teachers, and other essential workers will make the whole year. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Russia_Dropping_US_Dollar_for_Chinese_Yuan—and Fast⠀⇛ In response to Western sanctions, Russia’s central bank is dropping the US dollar and will buy Chinese yuan on the foreign exchange market. The yuan’s share of Moscow’s currency trading increased from 1% to 40-45% in 2022, while dollar trade halved from 80% to 40%. o § AstroTurf/Lobbying/Politics⠀➾ # ⚓ teleSUR ☛ Cuba_Denounces_Twitter’s_Ties_With_the_US Government⠀⇛ Likewise, Rodriguez explained that Taibbi revealed that Washington has control over actions of this type on Twitter and on Facebook, Microsoft, Verizon, Reddit and even Pinterest. The foreign minister demanded answers from the U.S. government and took the opportunity to recall the millions that the federal budget of that nation allocates, year after year, to carry out subversive programs against the Caribbean country. # ⚓ The Gray Zone ☛ Zelensky_appoints_sexologist_pyramid schemer_as_ambassador_to_Bulgaria⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Dems_Say_GOP_Rep-Elect_George_Santos_Should Face_Expulsion_as_He_Admits_to_Lying_About_His_Background⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ GOP_Representative-Elect_Santos_Admits_He_Lied About_College,_Work_History⠀⇛ # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ The_Future_of_Korean_Democracy⠀⇛ In the United States, the Republican Party did well enough in the mid-term elections to take over one chamber of Congress. The Party is still dominated by supporters of Donald Trump who believe that the 2020 presidential election was “stolen” as well as many of the congressional races that Republicans lost in 2022. A failed coup has landed Peruvian President Pedro Castillo in jail, and the country is now convulsed with protests by his supporters who continue to believe that he is a voice of the poor and powerless. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Jan._6_Committee_Member_Says_He’d_Be_Surprised If_DOJ_Doesn’t_Indict_Trump⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Exit_Trump?⠀⇛ Some Washington types say that Trump’s here for good; He’ll handle those setbacks just fine. But some say they’re certain that soon he may go, And not with a bang but a whine. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Top_8_Political_and_Geopolitical_Shifts_in_the Middle_East_in_2022⠀⇛ Juan Cole lists the pivotal developments in the Middle East this year, including realignments of interests that affect the U.S. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Israel’s_New_‘Government_of_Darkness’:_The Most_Underreported_Story_in_the_Middle_East⠀⇛ If a prize was to be awarded for the most important yet least reported story in the media in 2022, it might well go to the news outlets that failed to report on the escalating violence between Israelis and Palestinians… # ⚓ Counter Punch ☛ Praying_We_Learn_from_Each_Other⠀⇛ Oh, the smug ignorance of Tucker Carlson! Sometimes, in his certainty of rectitude, he asks questions that actually matter — or would matter if they were asked with any sort of honesty. The above quote, blathered on his news show, recently started flickering again in my brain, when I read about a Florida teacher who was fired after sarcastically interrupting the prayer session of some Muslim students at their school, declaring (as per a Tik Tok video): “I believe in Jesus, so I’m interrupting the floor.” Uh, how exactly is diversity our strength? Or is it just an infuriating nuisance? # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ 2022_Was_a_Year_of_Right-Wing Attacks—What’s_Next_for_US_Democracy?⠀⇛ # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ Cori_Bush,_Emanuel_Cleaver_Implore_Missouri Gov._to_Prevent_Execution_of_Amber_McLaughlin⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Florida_GOP_Leader_Says_She’s_Open_to_Expanding “Don’t_Say_Gay”_Law⠀⇛ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ Letters_From_the_January_9/16,_2023,_Issue⠀⇛ Here We Go Again Re “Russia Hating,” by David Bromwich [November 14/ 21]: We are once more, in the name of democracy, supporting a leadership that suppresses dissent. Even worse, it prevents public workers from speaking Russian in Donetsk and Luhansk and ignores the history of the Azov Battalion and the assassination of questioning mayors. I am ashamed of my fellow progressives and a liberal media that almost unanimously censures all less-than-eager support of Ukraine as another multibillion dollars goes mostly to our own defense contractors. The publication of Bromwich’s critique of the media’s uncritical support for the war in Ukraine is the beginning, I hope, of a needed reappraisal of exactly what we are doing, again, in another war on the far side of the world. I hope The Nation leads the way.Richard Boettger key west, fla. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ How_the_West_Failed_Bosnia⠀⇛ Just minutes after the polls closed on October 2, a German diplomat named Christian Schmidt changed the election laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He did so unilaterally and without public input, as he is empowered to do as the high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vote had been going smoothly; international election monitors reported that it was peaceful and lawful. Then Schmidt’s decision suddenly pushed the country into crisis.1 # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Rauf_Arashukov,_a_former_senator,_sentenced_to life_in_prison_on_charges_of_organizing_two_murders_— Meduza⠀⇛ A Moscow municipal court has sentenced Rauf Arashukov, a former Russian senator from the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, to life in prison for organizing two contract killings and participating in organized crime. # ⚓ The Nation ☛ The_“Faces”_of_Black_Conservatism_Tell_Us Everything—About_the_GOP⠀⇛ I don’t agree with Black Republicans. I think they are wrong on their policy prescriptions for America. I think many of them are entirely too tolerant of the systemic racism that plagues our society, even to the point of complicity. I think, when pressed, they too often resort to the victim blaming that runs through that core Republican ethos of “I got mine, why can’t you get yours?” # § Misinformation/Disinformation/Propaganda⠀➾ # ⚓ The Nation ☛ What_I_Learned_From_the_Darkest_Corners of_the_Internet⠀⇛ We all do it. Make little snap judgments about everyday strangers as we go about our lives. Without giving it a second’s thought, we sketch minibiographies of the people we pass on the sidewalk, the guy seated across from us on the train, or the woman in line in front of us at the grocery store. We wonder: Who are they? Where are they from? How do they make a living? Lately, though, such passing encounters tend to leave me with a sense of suspicion, a wariness tinged with grim curiosity. I think to myself: Is he or she one of them? o § Censorship/Free Speech⠀➾ # ⚓ VOA News ☛ Dozens_of_Iran_Protesters_Risk_Death_Penalty: Rights_Group⠀⇛ At least 100 Iranians arrested in more than 100 days of nationwide protests face charges punishable by death, Oslo-based group Iran Human Rights (IHR) said Tuesday. Protests have gripped Iran since the September 16 death in custody of Iranian-Kurdish Mahsa Amini, 22, after her arrest in Tehran for an alleged breach of the country’s strict dress code for women. # ⚓ EFF ☛ The_State_of_Online_Free_Expression_Worldwide:_2022 in_Review⠀⇛ EFF is deeply engaged in the global fight for free expression online. In 2022, we worked with the DSA Human Rights Alliance to ensure that EU lawmakers consider the global impacts of European legislation. We also joined the Arab Alliance for Digital Rights, a newly-formed coalition that brings together groups across the MENA region and international partners to protect civic space online. We continued our work as long-term members of the IFEX network. And with (cautious) travel back on the table, we participated in a number of international fora, including the Balkans-based POINT conference, FIFAfrica, Bread and Net in Lebanon, and the OSCE. Working with international partners, we launched Protect the Stack, an initiative supported by more than 55 organizations worldwide aimed at ensuring infrastructure providers don’t become speech police. We also launched Tracking Global Online Censorship to monitor the impact of content moderation on free expression worldwide. In addition to these joint efforts, there were quite a few places that warranted extra attention. Here are five ongoing threats that we will be watching in the year to come: # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Russian_government_grants_federal_censor_ability to_ban_sites_with_information_about_LGBTQ_people_—_Meduza⠀⇛ A new decree issued by Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin on Monday grants Roskomnadzor, the country’s federal censor, the ability to ban websites that contain information about LGBTQ+ people. o § Civil Rights/Policing⠀➾ # ⚓ Reuters ☛ U.N._Security_Council_denounces_Taliban_bans_on women_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ The university ban on women was announced as the Security Council in New York met on Afghanistan last week. Girls have been banned from high school since March. # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ Taliban_Bars_Women_From_University_and_Working for_NGOs_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ # ⚓ BBC ☛ UN_Security_Council_urges_Taliban_to_reverse restrictions_on_women⠀⇛ The 15-member Security Council said it was “deeply alarmed” by the increasing restrictions on women’s education. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said that the latest restrictions “must be revoked”. # ⚓ Democracy Now ☛ “A_Criminal_Act”:_Taliban_Government_Bars Women_from_University,_Working_for_NGOs_in_Afghanistan⠀⇛ International aid groups are suspending their relief programs in Afghanistan after the Taliban government announced on Saturday that humanitarian organizations are barred from employing women. The edict is the latest blow to women’s rights in the country as the Taliban reimpose draconian rules they employed in the 1990s, when they were previously in power. Last week, the government also barred women from attending universities. We speak with Jan Egeland, head of the Norwegian Refugee Council, which is one of several NGOs to suspend operations in the country, as well as Afghan educator and women’s rights activist Jamila Afghani, who leads the Afghanistan section of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom and was evacuated from Kabul last August. # ⚓ RFERL ☛ UN_Security_Council_Denounces_Taliban_Bans_On_Women In_Afghanistan⠀⇛ The UN Security Council on December 27 called for the full, equal, and meaningful participation of women and girls in Afghanistan, denouncing a ban by the country’s Taliban-led administration on women attending universities or working for humanitarian aid groups. [...] # ⚓ Common Dreams ☛ ‘Disastrous’:_SCOTUS_Upholds_Title_42 Migrant_Policy_During_Court_Fight⠀⇛ # ⚓ TruthOut ☛ The_First_Big_Strike_of_2023_May_Happen_Behind Prison_Walls⠀⇛ # ⚓ Meduza ☛ ‘Politically_unreliable’_61-year-old_amateur_radio enthusiast_is_sentenced_to_three_years_in_prison_for spreading_‘fakes’_about_Russian_soldiers_looting,_raping,_and killing_Ukrainians_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Vladimir Rumyantsev, a 61-year-old boiler worker and an amateur radio operator in Vologda, set up a home broadcast station so that he could listen to content remotely while he took walks near his home. After February 24, when Russia invaded Ukraine, he started to broadcast anti-war content from various sources, including Meduza. Though it’s not clear than any of Rumyantsev’s neighbors ever tuned into his DIY station (whose broadcast range was just several hundred feet around his home), police officers arrested him this summer and charged him with spreading “deliberately false information” about the Russian armed forces. On December 23, a judge sentenced him to three years in prison. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Activist_and_academic_Yulia_Galyamina_fired_from Institute_of_Social_Sciences_because_of_new_law_on_‘foreign agents’_—_Meduza⠀⇛ Activist, politician, and academic Yulia Galyamina was fired from her position as professor in the Department of the Theory and Practice of Media Communications at the Institute of Social Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), after new provisions to the law on “foreign agents” took effect. Galyamina posted her dismissal notice on Facebook. # ⚓ Scheerpost ☛ Illinois_Will_Be_the_First_State_to_Eliminate Cash_Bail._Here’s_Why_Women_Led_the_Push_for_Reform.⠀⇛ Grassroots and advocacy groups helped push for the state’s elimination of cash bail – a move that will help incarcerated people and family members who must often come up with the money. # ⚓ Meduza ☛ Jailed_opposition_leader_Ilya_Yashin_transferred to_remote_Izhevsk_ahead_of_his_mother’s_New_Year_visit_— Meduza⠀⇛ The jailed opposition politician Ilya Yashin has been moved to a detention center in Izhevsk, a city almost 800 miles from Moscow. o § Digital Restrictions (DRM)⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ Ad-Based_Netflix_Arrives_With_A_Thud⠀⇛ As a publicly traded company, it’s simply not good enough to provide an affordable service that people genuinely like. The pressure to deliver quarter over quarter growth often takes on a tendency toward auto-cannibalism; price hikes, customer support cuts, dumb ideas justified through greed, all designed to goose short-term growth, but often at the cost of brand reputation and long term service quality. o § Monopolies⠀➾ # § Patents⠀➾ # ⚓ Techdirt ☛ ITC_Blocks_Import_Of_Apple_Watches_Based On_Claimed_Infringement…_But_The_Patents_Have_Already Been_Declared_Invalid⠀⇛ It’s been many, many years since we were regularly covering what we referred to as the ITC loophole in patent enforcement. The issue was that patent holders could get two totally separate at bats to try to force a company that was actually innovating to pay up over dubious patents. They could go to court, of course, by filing a patent lawsuit. But they could also go to the International Trade Commission, claiming infringement, and if the ITC agreed, it could ban the import of products it claimed was covered by that patent. While the ITC couldn’t force a company to pay fees for infringement like a federal court could, it was effectively just as bad, because once an import ban was in place (since most products are manufactured outside the US), the companies would be forced to negotiate a huge settlement just to keep their business going. # § Copyrights⠀➾ # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ Analysis_of_U.S._Pirate_Site_Domain Seizures_During_FIFA_World_Cup_2022⠀⇛ After the FIFA World Cup 2022 got underway early this month, United States law enforcement agencies began seizing live sports streaming domains at an unusually fast rate. Pirate site domain seizures of this type are relatively uncommon, especially against so many targets all at once. Did something make these domains especially vulnerable or are seizures like this the new reality? # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ U.S._Marshals_Will_Sell_Pirate_IPTV Owner’s_House,_‘Only’_$99m_Still_to_Pay⠀⇛ In June 2022, a court in the United States awarded DISH Network, Sling, and NagraStar, more than $100m in damages against pirate IPTV service, Nitro TV. While the plaintiffs are unlikely to recover the full amount, they are determined to get what they can. The U.S. Marshals Service has just announced the upcoming sale of a house worth around a million dollars, just 1% of the overall debt. # ⚓ Torrent Freak ☛ ‘Strike_3′_Filed_a_Record_Number_of Piracy_Lawsuits_This_Year⠀⇛ Strike 3 Holdings filed a record-breaking 2,788+ lawsuits against alleged BitTorrent pirates in U.S. courts this year. The adult entertainment company has little ‘competition’ from other rightsholders and is responsible for the vast majority of all U.S. piracy lawsuits filed this year. * § Gemini* and Gopher⠀➾ o § Technical⠀➾ # ⚓ The_quest_for_basic_telephony⠀⇛ The last few days’ weather was caused by a “bomb cyclone.” Sudden polar cold descended across the continent. The first day I bundled first daughter against my body and we walked in the -18C outdoors, across snowy golf-course steppes where frigid wind gusted loud and dramatic, down to the frozen creek. Second day she walked partway, tromping in snow up to her knees in her rubber boots. She fell and dug in snow. We skated on the creek. Third day we went again, with Evy. Today the temperature rose above freezing. Evy at work, daughter and I ventured out to do commerce. # § Science⠀➾ # ⚓ Beyond_Neolithic_Life:_This_is_geoengineering⠀⇛ When I was a kid in elementary school, maybe kindergarten or first grade, we had a lesson on cooking. All we really did was heat up some pre-made soup and add some seasoning. Mine was a little bland, so I added some salt, and it was pretty good so I added some more. And before long, I had some very salty soup. I looked at the pepper and thought “Surely this pepper is the opposite of salt. That oughta take care of it,” and proceeded to add pepper into my soup until I had some very peppery soup. So I tried again to balance it out with some salt, and then balanced that out with some pepper, and again, etc., until I had some extremely disgusting soup. # § Internet/Gemini⠀➾ # ⚓ And_in_another_timeline,_Google_sold_out_to_Yahoo_for $10,000,000_…⠀⇛ I’m not quite sure what to make of “eπc 2014 [1]” (or “Epic 2014”). It’s a “what-if” story that diverges from our own timeline in 2004 and goes to some really weird places (Googlezon anyone?). It’s a history that never happened, and yet, it still feels like we’ve just a few years short of it actually happening. =============================================================================== * Gemini_(Primer) links can be opened using Gemini_software. It’s like the World Wide Web but a lot lighter. ╘══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╛ ¶ Lines in total: 4837 ➮ Generation completed at 02:43, i.e. 89 seconds to (re)generate ⟲