01.16.09
UNIX/Linux Offer More Security Than Windows: Evidence
“Two security researchers have developed a new technique that essentially bypasses all of the memory protection safeguards in the Windows Vista operating system…”
–Dennis Fisher, August 7th, 2008
Peter Kraus and David Gerard drew attention to the following interview with an author of adaware a few days ago. It explains in simple terms why Windows is inherently lacking in terms of security as it accommodates intrusion, despite all the denialist spinning [1, 2, 3]. Here is just a portion of this interview:
Eventually, instead of writing individual executables every time a worm came out, I would just write some Scheme code, put that up on the server, and then immediately all sorts of things would go dark. It amounted to a distributed code war on a 4-10 million-node network.
S: In your professional opinion, how can people avoid adware?
M: Um, run UNIX.
S: [ laughs]
M: We did actually get the ad client working under Wine on Linux.
S: That seems like a bit of a stretch!
M: That was a pretty limited market, I’d say.
Patching
Earlier in the week we found reports of new holes in Windows.
As previously announced, Microsoft has released a security update for Windows to close a total of three holes in the SMB protocol implementation. All three holes are based on buffer overflows. Two of them can apparently be exploited to inject and execute code remotely, without previous authentication. The third buffer overflow reportedly only causes the computer to reboot.
This is a lot more serious than Microsoft wants people to realise.
Microsoft Patch Tuesday bug is scary
THE FIRST Patch Tuesday fix of 2009 put out by Microsoft addresses a dangerous security vulnerability in its Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, or so say some insecurity experts
Botnets
“It is no exaggeration to say that the national security is also implicated by the efforts of hackers to break into computing networks. Computers, including many running Windows operating systems, are used throughout the United States Department of Defense and by the armed forces of the United States in Afghanistan and elsewhere.”
–Jim Allchin, Microsoft
The pace of infection is very high and one worm alone is claimed to have seized millions of Windows-run computers in just one day.
The computer worm that exploits a months-old Windows bug has infected more than a million PCs in the past 24 hours, a security company said today.
One worm alone is spreading like wildfire.
Report: 2.5 million PCs infected with Conficker worm
According to F-Secure, there are already almost 2.5 million PCs infected with the Conficker worm, also known as Downadup. Since the worm has the ability to download new versions of itself, it is expected that the infection could spread much further. The new code is downloaded from domain names generated with a complex algorithm, making it hard to predict what domains will be used to spread the worms updates.
About 300 million PCs are still primed to become zombies too because of this one flaw.
With nearly a third of all Windows systems still vulnerable, it’s no surprise that the “Downadup” worm has been able to score such a success, Kandek said. “These slow [corporate] patch cycles are simply not acceptable,” he said. “They lead directly to these high infection rates.”
In general, it is estimated that 98% of Windows PCs are ripe for hijacking [1, 2].
Attacks
Is there room for some humour in all this?
Here’s a new way to get Microsoft to pay attention to you: Slip a brief message into the malicious Trojan horse program you just wrote.
That’s what an unnamed Russian hacker did recently with a variation of Win32/Zlob, a Trojan program victims are being tricked into installing on their computers.
The message is surprisingly cordial, given that Microsoft’s security researchers spend their days trying to put people like Zlob’s author out of business. “Just want to say ‘Hello’ from Russia. You are really good guys. It was a surprise for me that Microsoft can respond on threats so fast,” the hacker wrote, adding, “Happy New Year, guys, and good luck!”
Many people remember Windows for submarines — a fiasco that reportedly led to the departure of many angry engineers. Well, not more than a month passes by and the Royal Navy, which runs Windows, gets stung by a virus infection that causes harm. Interestingly enough, the report from The Register mentions only lost E-mail as the severe consequence, but surely there is considerably more.
The Ministry of Defence confirmed today that it has suffered virus infections which have shut down “a small number” of MoD systems, most notably including admin networks aboard Royal Navy warships.
The Navy computers infected are the NavyStar (N*) system, based on a server cabinet and cable-networked PCs on each warship and used for purposes such as storekeeping, email and similar support functions. N* ship nets connect to wider networks by shore connection when vessels are in harbour and using satcomms when at sea.
It is no surprise that the United States military gradually moves to Red Hat Linux. Crucial operations were getting stung by Windows, even in the recent past.
Along with a rise of botnets, whose masters exploit vulnerabilities in Windows, comes a lot more SPAM as well. SPAM affects everyone.
The demise late last year of four of the world’s biggest spam botnets was good news for anyone with an email inbox, as spam levels were cut in half – almost overnight. But the vacuum has created opportunities for a new breed of bots, some of which could be much tougher to bring down, several security experts are warning.
This short report is based on just a few days. Nothing has improved — security-wise — in Microsoft’s product line. █
“Usually Microsoft doesn’t develop products, we buy products. It’s not a bad product, but bits and pieces are missing.”
–Arno Edelmann, Microsoft’s European business security product manager
Needs Sunlight said,
January 16, 2009 at 7:39 am
I remember in 2000 when WIndows rootkits started to get popular, they’re largely ignored by the press. I’d guess they’re ignored because they bypass any and all AV software, and thus bypass the advertising money. They also go against the myth about Windows being securable that Gates folk like the public to bleat.
Two interesting pieces:
“Trusting Trust”
http://www.acm.org/classics/sep95/
alternate link:
http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/ken/trust.html
“Exploiting Concurrency Vulnerabilities in System Call Wrappers”
http://www.usenix.org/events/woot07/tech/full_papers/watson/watson.pdf
The first link, “trusting trust”, shows that no amount of bluster or bluffing can make Windows secure. Without full access to the source code for all components in the system and its applications back doors can be hidden all over.
Two follow ups for that, also show that at the end of the day, you must have and be able to use the complete source code for the whole system and each and every component or application:
http://www.dwheeler.com/trusting-trust/
http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/01/countering_trus.html
The second link, “concurrency vulnerabilities”, looks like it completely destroys the myth that add-ons can help. It *looks* like all currently existing security software for Windows can be bypassed without detection or recourse — until such time as Windows is redesigned and rewritten from the Kernel on up.
To pick on FOSS for a bit, the first two show why the decision to tolerate BLOBs in Debian and the downgrading of the Qt license to LGPL can lead to unmitigated disasters, either through insecurity, vendor lock-in, DRM, and hardware lock-in.
The Mad Hatter said,
January 16, 2009 at 10:24 pm
As an aside, has anyone read 2003 and Beyond by Andrew Grygus? It’s one of the reasons that I started to seriously pursue an alternative to Windows (and Microsoft), and it’s an excellent evaluation of Microsoft’s plans for the years ahead (and it’s interesting to read it 6 years on, and compare what Andrew thought was happening, with what actually happened).
Jose_X said,
January 18, 2009 at 4:29 pm
[ http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/ken/trust.html Reflections on Trusting Trust ]>> The moral is obvious. You can’t trust code that you did not totally create yourself. (Especially code from companies that employ people like me.) No amount of source-level verification or scrutiny will protect you from using untrusted code. In demonstrating the possibility of this kind of attack, I picked on the C compiler. I could have picked on any program-handling program such as an assembler, a loader, or even hardware microcode.
To add some:
Reading source code tells all — if you trust the build system binaries that will be used to turn that source into binaries. In particular, if you have the source to the build system components, it’s easier to trust those build system binaries; however, the build system binaries have to be built themselves, this means you need an existing (simpler) build system. So do you have the source to that? And how about the source to the (even simpler) build system that built this last build system? At some point, dissembling very simple binaries upon which a multi-stage build process will occur may be what is necessary in order to gain the most trust.. or just be really sure you get your binaries from someone that has gone through that trouble. For example, the gcc system should have gone through a lot of care over the years (including back when gcc was much simpler). If gcc+co are safe, then everything else built upon it (eg, a whole distro since even other language platforms like perl, etc, could be built with gcc+co) should be as trustworthy as the sources to each of the component parts of the distro (ie, you can trust those sources that make up the distro if you trust the gcc build system).
Jose_X said,
January 18, 2009 at 4:36 pm
In the prior post, I ignored the obvious hardware issues that parallel. It’s important to at least make sure companies like AMD exist to keep Intel somewhat honest. ..AMD/Intel to keep Nvidia somewhat honest. Etc.
Roy Schestowitz said,
January 18, 2009 at 4:40 pm
You can use binary/source code signatures for your programs and compilers. Assuming your digital signatures come from a good source like CERT, then you at least have some confidence.
Over in China, I suspect the GNU/Linux distribution they force-feed has some China-only surveillance facilities strapped onto it.