Summary: When the "Rhodia affair" became the "Breton affair"
Rhodia was a French speciality-chemicals firm which floated on the stock exchanges in Paris and New York in June 1998 after being spun off from its parent Rhône-Poulenc.
"Stern was found in his apartment in Geneva in February 2005 dressed in a full-body latex suit with his hands tied behind his back and multiple gunshot wounds."Five years after its debut the company ran into serious trouble. It reported a € 1.3 billion loss following write-downs worth €850m. At one stage its shares had lost 95% of their value since the IPO, reaching a low of € 0.95 in 2004.
The economic downturn was partly to blame but a string of risky and ill-judged acquisitions shortly after its IPO also dogged the company.
At its lowest ebb, Rhodia was confronted with a new phenomenon spreading across Europe - shareholder activism - which in the case of Rhodia was mainly aimed at its acquisitions, for example, the US company ChiRex, bought in 2000 for $ 510m in cash in a deal later described as "the most egregious of the many overpriced takeovers of the time".
"Meanwhile, at Rhodia the French financial watchdog, Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), opened an official investigation into "misrepresentation of accounts, dissemination of false and misleading stock market information, insider trading and concealment of insider trading" on the company's accounts between 1999 and 2003."In 2004, the "Rhodiagate" affair erupted in France when the company became the subject of a French judicial enquiry after two minority shareholders filed a complaint accusing it of false accounting and other malfeasance.
The aggrieved shareholders were Hughes de Lasteyrie du Saillant, a scion of one of France's oldest noble families resident in Belgium, and Edouard Stern, a French investment banker resident in Switzerland.
Aggrieved shareholders Hughes de Lasteyrie and Edouard Stern whose complaints led to the "Rhodiagate" scandal.
"What caused the most shock waves in France was that the meltdown of Rhodia happened under the noses of some of the country's most respected business and government leaders."But the Geneva investigators quickly identified a prime suspect, one of Stern's paramours, Cecile Broussard, who confessed to the murder which she claimed to have committed in "a moment of passion".
Meanwhile, at Rhodia the French financial watchdog, Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), opened an official investigation into "misrepresentation of accounts, dissemination of false and misleading stock market information, insider trading and concealment of insider trading" on the company's accounts between 1999 and 2003.
"Although the two investigations concerned separate matters they were interconnected because the plaintiffs and those potentially implicated were the same in both cases."The AMF settled the case in June 2007, fining Rhodia €€ 750,000 and ex-CEO Jean-Pierre Tirouflet € 500,000 for misleading investors about the group’s debt between 2001 and 2003 as well as financial details surrounding its acquisitions.
What caused the most shock waves in France was that the meltdown of Rhodia happened under the noses of some of the country's most respected business and government leaders. The company's board from 1998 to 2002 included Jean-René Fourtou, the former Rhône-Poulenc chief executive who was later brought in to restore financial health to media conglomerate Vivendi Universal after the disastrous reign of Jean-Marie Messier.
The affair was particularly embarrassing for Thierry Breton because he had only been in office as Minister for Economy for around four months when the investigating magistrates ordered a series of searches in connection with investigations relating to "Rhodiagate" and the sale of Canal+ Technologies to Thomson Multimedia by Vivendi Universal in 2002.
Although the two investigations concerned separate matters they were interconnected because the plaintiffs and those potentially implicated were the same in both cases.
"At Rhodia, Breton was a non-executive director and member of the audit committee during the period from 1998 to 2002 when the accounts were alleged to have been falsified."Breton was implicated in both cases because they involved companies where he had been active at the time of the alleged irregularities. At Rhodia, Breton was a non-executive director and member of the audit committee during the period from 1998 to 2002 when the accounts were alleged to have been falsified. He was also chairman and CEO at Thomson Multimedia from 1997 to 2002 when the Canal+ deal was being brokered with Vivendi Universal.
Towards the end of June 2005, a total of 15 raids ordered by the magistrates were carried out by investigators and financial police within the space of 48 hours. The searches covered Breton's ministerial office, his home, the offices of Rhodia, Vivendi Universal, the home of Vivendi’s supervisory board chairman, the offices of Canal+ television and of the Thomson group. The searches took place while Breton was out of the country on official business en route to a UN conference in New York.
This was the first in the history of the Fifth Republic, that the office of a serving minister had been raided. Breton admitted that he had been "flabbergasted" when he had heard about the raids but he rejected suggestions that his position had been in any way compromised by the operation.
After a raid on his office by investigators, the Minister for Finance (Thierry Breton) contemplates where he should start cutting public service posts.
"Although Breton tried hard to play down the effect of the raids on his ministerial authority, members of the Socialist opposition insisted that he had been weakened. They called on him to explain himself and argued that, as Finance Minister, he was in a conflict of interest."Asked about the raid on the offices of Canal+, he said that was "an entirely different matter" and claimed that he had no longer been at the head of Thomson when the deal was concluded.
Although Breton tried hard to play down the effect of the raids on his ministerial authority, members of the Socialist opposition insisted that he had been weakened. They called on him to explain himself and argued that, as Finance Minister, he was in a conflict of interest.
Chirac was particularly vulnerable after French voters' rejection of the EU's proposed constitution and, according to the WSJ, the criminal investigation spawned by de Lasteyrie had the "already scandal-scarred government on edge".
On 30 June 2005, the Wall Street Journal reported that Breton was "on the ropes" recalling that his predecessor Hervé Gaymard had "only lasted four months before he was forced to leave over a property scandal".
"It was starting to look as if the end was nigh for Breton's political career."In July 2005, Les Echos was informing its readers that the "Rhodia affair" had now become the "Breton affair".
It was starting to look as if the end was nigh for Breton's political career.
However, as things turned out, reports of his impending political demise were greatly exaggerated and somewhat premature.
At the beginning of 2016, the satirical French weekly Le Canard Enchaîné published allegations that officials at the regulatory authority AMF had toned down criticism of the way officials at Rhodia had managed the accounts in order to protect the Minister for Economy. AMF for its part strenuously denied that it had had "cut passages" that could have been embarrassing for Breton.
Whatever the truth of the matter may be, Breton succeeded in weathering the "Rhodiagate" and Vivendi Universal storms and he remained in office until the end of Chirac's Presidency.
However, the remainder of his term was overshadowed by turbulences at EADS, including the insider trading scandal and the "golden parachute" affair, which we will look at next. ⬆