Bonum Certa Men Certa

Antitrust: How Microsoft Came up with Windows Bundling

Summary: A journey back in time shows Microsoft's explanation of bundling

TODAY we take a look at some more fascinating Comes vs Microsoft exhibits. The first item, Exhibit PX00982 (1991) [PDF], shows how Microsoft was scheming to bundle with OEMs in order to block competition. That was almost 2 decades ago. Microsoft later compared OEMs to its "delivery people".



One of Microsoft's most predatory people, Brad Silverberg [1, 2], suggests giving Windows for 'free' (bundling) and then sell it separately for an extortionate price. The same scheme continues to this date in order to artificially elevate the perceived value of Windows and virtually force people to buy Windows along with any computer.

>From: bradsi Sat Sep 28 10:56:44 1991 To: joachimk peterbre steveb Cc: alean jeffl janre markbu richardb richardf ronh teresach Subject: Re: Compaq Windows status

Date: Mon Sep 30 10:30:02 PDT 1991

you're saying that when someone buys compaq dos for $99, they also get windows for free. but if you want windows alone, it cost you $150.

and compaq wants windows for free.

am I missing something why this is good for us?

don't forget that today, retail is still 61% of windows revenue.



Joachim Kempin, who is also known for his predatory behaviour (see this for example), replies as follows:

From: joachimk Mon Sep 30 10:53:23 1991 To: bradsi Subject: Re: Compaq Windows status Date: Mon Sep 30 10:30:02 PDT 1991

Do not see this as a price issue. They will pay. Remember IBM did not pay for DOS, but see what happened? See the strategic value: It will have lots of followers-OS1 can't compete for now. IBM can only pitch OS/2 against it, but who wants this. The industry will rally even more around it and use it in every account against IBM. Money: for six month thereafter no or very low impact. Next year we plan for it. Whereby WIN becomes over time -may be earlier than expected -a 90% OEM product. Count Your profit, not the revenue.



One reader of ours explains that "this is important because it demonstrates that the prime reason for Microsoft bundling was to kill DR-DOS. They had to come up with the techno-waffle later on." This is a reference to excuses like, "people can't install it themselves" or "people love Windows because many people use it."

The next exhibit, Exhibit PX00980 (1991) [PDF], was sent to Brad Silverberg and Joachim Kempin. It reveals what Microsoft had in mind when it conceptualised bundling.

On 9/25 Mark and I met with Clark and Alan. Among other issues that Mike brought up, he came up with an alternative way for Compaq to bundle Windows. On 9/26 we had a meeting with their Windows team.

[...]

Mike's alternative way of bundling Windows would be that Compaq bundles Windows with MS-DOS. There would not be a seperate DOS SKU; there would not be any choice. When somebody buys the Compaq DOS product he gets Windows with it.

[...]

Compaq issues with bundle/preinstall that are addressed

1. The manufacturing preinstall problem 2. The updating of Windows when it is on the hard disk 3. Allows the end user the choice of installing Windows and allowing custom configuration of Windows according to specific requirements. 4. Simplify their localization issues. 5. Reduce cost - will not lose dos revenue with a preinstall and offset the cost of Windows by charging for it. 6. Still allowing the end user the choice to buy other operating systems for his system; not burden the end user with either the implicit cost of Windows or having to deinstall Windows and DOS. 7. It provides Compaq with a perceived leadership position with Windows by being the first oem to combine Windows and DOS.

For MS it does the following:

1. Compaq leadership position with Windows. 2. With slick technology, Windows/DOS can be installed quickly w/p much of the pain installing Windows today. Although it is not a pre-install, it will be much easier to get Compaq to preinstall in the future if they combine Windows/DOS now. 3. Gets many more Windows sockets out there. We believe that our attach rate today with Windows on Compaq 386 systems is between 25% and 35% based on their registration information. their current attach rate for DOS is 86%. 4. It raises the bar for other oems and makes it more difficult for DRI to compete. 5. Will increase our revenue from Compaq, depending on what we can get for the Windows royalty.



The intent to ensure a prevention of choice is hopefully evident based on the above.




Appendix A: Comes vs. Microsoft - exhibit PX00982, as text










PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 982 Comes v. Microsoft

File : c:\bradsi\mailbox.tld Messages :

******************************************************* From: joachimk Mon Sep 30 10:53:23 1991 To: bradsi Subject: Re: Compaq Windows status Date: Mon Sep 30 10:30:02 PDT 1991

Do not see this as a price issue. They will pay. Remember IBM did not pay for DOS, but see what happened? See the strategic value: It will have lots of followers-OS1 can't compete for now. IBM can only pitch OS/2 against it, but who wants this. The industry will rally even more around it and use it in every account against IBM. Money: for six month thereafter no or very low impact. Next year we plan for it. Whereby WIN becomes over time -may be earlier than expected -a 90% OEM product. Count Your profit, not the revenue.

>From: bradsi Sat Sep 28 10:56:44 1991 To: joachimk peterbre steveb Cc: alean jeffl janre markbu richardb richardf ronh teresach Subject: Re: Compaq Windows status

Date: Mon Sep 30 10:30:02 PDT 1991

you're saying that when someone buys compaq dos for $99, they also get windows for free. but if you want windows alone, it cost you $150.

and compaq wants windows for free.

am I missing something why this is good for us?

don't forget that today, retail is still 61% of windows revenue.

5671 C:\DN1LD2.MAI Thu Oct 03 08:50:14 1991

MS7090738 CONFIDENTIAL

MS-PCA 1179288 CONFIDENTIAL

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 503 A. No. 2:96CV645B






Appendix B: Comes vs. Microsoft - exhibit PX00980, as text








Depo. Ex. 184 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 980 Comes v. Microsoft HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL

MS-PCA 1179286 CONFIDENTIAL

MS 5004035 CONFIDENTIAL

PLAINTIFF'S Exhibit 502 CA. No. 2:96CV645B

From peterbra Sat Sep 28 10:42:54 1991 To: bradsi joachimk steveb Cc: alexn jeffl jonro markbu richab richardf ronb teresach Subject: Compaq Windows status Date: Sat Sep 28 10:42:26 PDT 1991

On 9/25 Mark and I met with Clark and Alan. Among other issues that Mike brought up, he came up with an alternative way for Compaq to bundle Windows. On 9/26 we had a meeting with their Windows team.

Mike's alternative way of bundling Windows would be that Compaq bundles Windows with MS-DOS. There would not be a seperate DOS SKU; there would not be any choice. When somebody buys the Compaq DOS product he gets Windows with it. This is significantly different from there last try at a Windows SKU. It is the only proactive Windows Compaq has come up with since Stimac started thinking of their key disk approach.

The idea came from Jim Odon as a result of the number and quality of Windows questions that other oems asked at the OEM Briefing. This causes Jim to realize that Compaq's Windows knowledge is slipping versus other oems. He feels the only way to regain this is to license Windows. In addition Odon sees this as a way to reduce his developement time and support of system utilities by having a Windows interface to them.

This Windows/DOS bundle has not been discussed internally at Compaq so it still unclear what the rest of their management thinks of it.

Although initially against this idea I think it does have some merits and should be looked at closely. For Compaq, it removes/reduces many of their objectives/problems with a Windows bundle. For MS, it makes a very strong Compaq statement for Windows and pushes forward DOS and Windows being one OS when we have some DRI problems.

Compaq issues with bundle/preinstall that are addressed

1. The manufacturing preinstall problem 2. The updating of Windows when it is on the hard disk 3. Allows the end user the choice of installing Windows and allowing custom configuration of Windows according to specific requirements. 4. Simplify their localization issues. 5. Reduce cost - will not lose dos revenue with a preinstall and offset the cost of Windows by charging for it. 6. Still allowing the end user the choice to buy other operating systems for his system; not burden the end user with either the implicit cost of Windows or having to deinstall Windows and DOS. 7. It provides Compaq with a perceived leadership position with Windows by being the first oem to combine Windows and DOS.

For MS it does the following:

1. Compaq leadership position with Windows. 2. With slick technology, Windows/DOS can be installed quickly w/p much of the pain installing Windows today. Although it is not a pre-install, it will be much easier to get Compaq to preinstall in the future if they combine Windows/DOS now. 3. Gets many more Windows sockets out there. We believe that our attach rate today with Windows on Compaq 386 systems is between 25% and 35% based on their registration information. their current attach rate for DOS is 86%. 4. It raises the bar for other oems and makes it more difficult for DRI to compete. 5. Will increase our revenue from Compaq, depending on what we can get for the Windows royalty.

Issues that need to be addressed to make this happen.

1. Length of time for Compaq to make a decision. How do we make this happen quickly so they can announce with Windows 3.1 2. Diminished value of Windows in the retail channel. Compaq would need to make sure that their SKU would not run on any other hardware. We might want them to charge some additional delta over and above their current price of $99 for DOS. 3. Lost retail Windows revenue - How much retail revenue will we lose against the gain of Compaq royalties. 4. What we will settle for for in a Windows royalty (of course Mike doesn't want to pay anything additional for Windows). 5. Other customer issues if we do this




oem exclusivity slick technology for Compaq???? others that I can't think of

I would appreciate any and all comments.

The following day Alex, Jon, Mark and I met with the Compaq Windows team to review and discredit their Windows preinstall focus group studies. In addtion we proposed a one SKU bundle/preinstall in conjunction with a MS/CPQ Windows 3.1 comarketing program commencing with the Windows 3.1 announcement.

Our attempts to discredit their focus group research back fired. We spent much of our time arguing over points in the focus groups with Andrea Morgan, their marketing research manager. because of her strong position, she is attributed for the timing success of the LTE line, Compaq management will continue to listen to her. The focus groups are much too subjective to refute the Compaq findings so Andrea is important to win over and not run over.

Compaq liked the idea of comarketing programs, but they did not see the need to license Windows to make this happen. They do feel that they are missing a very important message, Windows being optimized for Compaq systems. Their approach to this is a JIA Lan Man approach to it, however. They might even include a Windows optimization disk with their processors. In other words we did not get any closer to trying a one SKU approach.

With the upcoming exec review, I would like to move quickly on this Windows/DOS bundle. Is it viable for us and under what conditions. Peter

HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL

MS 5004036 CONFIDENTIAL

MS-PCA 1179287 CONFIDENTIAL



Credit: wallclimber

Recent Techrights' Posts

Under the Guise of "MIT Technology Review Insights" the Site MIT Technology Review Posts Corporate Spam as 'Articles'
Some of the articles aren't even articles but 'hit pieces' against Free software and some are paid advertisements
Brett Wilson LLP Has Track Record in Scam Coin Cases (e.g. Craig Wright and More), Now It Works for 'Crypto' Scam Purveyors
But wait, it gets worse
Will Brett Wilson LLP Handle Its Own Winding Up Petition or be Struck Off for Overt Abuse of Process?
Today we sue not only the first Microsofter
Ubuntu Becomes Microsoft GitHub, Based on Decision Made by British Army Officer
You're hopeless, Canonical
Sharing Code and Recipes
It helps explain the triviality of software freedom
How Many Women Has Microsoft's Alex Balabhadra Graveley Already Strangled and Where Does That End?
If you too are a victim of this man and wish to share information, contact us
"We Might Save Somebody's Life"
I follow the example of my father
 
Victims of the Serial Strangler From Microsoft, Alex Balabhadra Graveley, Wanted to Sue Him But Lacked the Funds (He Attacked Their Finances)
Having spoken to victims of the Serial Strangler From Microsoft
Links 17/07/2025: Science, Hardware, and Censorship
Links for the day
Gemini Links 17/07/2025: Staying in the "Small Web" and Back on ICQ
Links for the day
Over at Tux Machines...
GNU/Linux news for the past day
IRC Proceedings: Wednesday, July 16, 2025
IRC logs for Wednesday, July 16, 2025
Exclusive: corruption in Tribunals, Greffiers, from protection rackets to cat whisperers
Reprinted with permission from Daniel Pocock
Links 16/07/2025: Chip Bans and Microsoft’s “Digital Escort” Program
Links for the day
Revolving Doors: One Day You're a Judge, the Next Day You're an Attorney Paying Public Officials and Working for Violent and Dangerous Microsoft Employees
how the US justice system works
Slopwatch: Noise, Plagiarism and Even Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt/Fear-mongering/Dramatisation
What are we meant to do to prevent a false association or misleading connotations? Game the LLMs? No. Boycott slopfarms.
Gemini Links 16/07/2025: BaseLibre Numerical System and Simple Web Browsing with TLS
Links for the day
Links 16/07/2025: Fascist Slop Takes "Intelligence" Clothing, New Criminal Case Against MElon
Links for the day
Why I am Suing the Serial Strangler From Microsoft, Alex Balabhadra Graveley, in the UK High Court This Week
Out of respect to the process and to the Court, I shall not share any pertinent details about the case
Links 16/07/2025: China’s Economy Grows Steadily, France Takes Action Regarding Harm to Children by GAFAM and Fentanylware (TikTok)
Links for the day
It is Not About Politics
Beware the people who try to make this about politics
Good Journalism Saves Lives
a shocking number of women die or get seriously hurt every day due to violence from a partner
Recognition of Women's Contributions to Free Software
Being passive is not an option when bad things are happening
Slopfarms Are Going to Perish Because Public Opinion is Changing
Many slopfarms will simply go offline
19 Years of Standing Up for Justice, Equality, and Truth
This week we shall take it up a notch
Gemini Links 16/07/2025: Tmux and OCC25 Working TLS
Links for the day
Over at Tux Machines...
GNU/Linux news for the past day
IRC Proceedings: Tuesday, July 15, 2025
IRC logs for Tuesday, July 15, 2025
Links 15/07/2025: LLM Pollution and Pushback in Ukraine
Links for the day
Gemini Links 15/07/2025: xkcd, New Cert, and Alhena Gemlog
Links for the day
Links 15/07/2025: Press Freedom at Risk and New Facebook Blunders
Links for the day
Reboots Should Never be Necessary
"BUT WHAT ABOUT SECURITY!!"
There's Still Hope for the World Wide Web
Let's hope that the trajectory of the Web won't be leading us to over-reliance on Google, nor will it reward worthless slopfarms
Gemini Links 15/07/2025: Smolweb and Alhena 5.1.7
Links for the day
The Danes Want GNU/Linux
David Heinemeier Hansson recently moved to GNU/Linux
Cory Doctorow Explains Why Software Freedom Matters, Whereas "Open Source" Misses the Point and Helps Monopolies
It's a very long article
BillPR (EpsteinGate-Bribed NPR) is Turning Into a Partial Slopfarm that Promotes Slop
"I went on a date with a chatbot!"
Two Weeks Passed Since Latest Large Wave of Microsoft Layoffs, More Expected Next Month
Blaming the debt on "AI" is just self-serving storytelling
Over at Tux Machines...
GNU/Linux news for the past day
IRC Proceedings: Monday, July 14, 2025
IRC logs for Monday, July 14, 2025
Gemini Links 15/07/2025: Gemini "Style Sheets" and Switching From Microsoft GitHub to Codeberg
Links for the day