Russia and China Best Off Without GAFAM
What if they abandoned GAFAM?
At risk of wrongly sounding like we advocate BRIC at NATO's expense, consider the notion of digital sovereignty when software/services are controlled by an openly hostile entity.
Why?
Because Europe, South America and even Canada increasingly find themselves in this predicament.
When it comes to search, India's share distribution shows Bing at about 1%, in China Bing has fallen (it censors for the regime; Google got largely banned for not playing ball), and in Russia it is measured at 0.4% this month:
If Microsoft's Bing went offline, almost nobody there would notice or care. A lot of GAFAM services may be used there, but probably not government and military operations. If Microsoft 360 went offline, those nations would likely carry on without much interruption (public sector).
Europe needs a similar mindset; Microsoft is a hostile element of imperialism and espionage. █