It is most important to know what would be there in terms of Linux interview questions. Most of the cases, many terms, terminologies, and command syntax are asked in the interview or Linux jobs. Linux system is to a significant extent the vast field; thus; having all square knowledge on it is pretty much painstaking. Nevertheless, it is worthy of knowing in details if you desire to develop a career in this field. Because of being open-source, the Linux system is continuously getting updated by many developers. Hence, professionals and enthusiasts are required to keep studying throughout time.
System76, the maker of powerful Linux computers, announced the upcoming availability of a brand new laptop called the Adder WS, which will be the company's first computer to feature a gorgeous and vibrant 4K OLED glossy display with true-to-life blacks.
Not only that the forthcoming Adder WS laptop will comes with a 4K OLED display, but it also packs powerful internals, like a 9th generation Intel Core i7-9750H or i9-9980HK CPUs, an Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 GPU, and up to 64GB RAM and 8TB of storage.
We are well beyond the point where a computer running a Linux desktop operating system is considered a second class citizen. Gamers, enthusiasts, business users, and more are increasingly turning to distributions based on the open source kernel. With Windows 10 being a bit of a train wreck, it's not hard to see why. And so, Linux users deserve premium computers for both work and play.
System76 has long been selling high-quality premium computers running Linux, and today, it is stepping it up a notch. Its new laptop, called "Adder WS," can almost be considered a desktop crammed into a notebook body. In fact, System76 calls the computer a portable workstation. Seriously, folks, it can be configured with some pretty impressive components. Where the thick laptop really stands out, however, is with its insane 15-inch 4K OLED display. When coupled with a RTX 2070 GPU, it becomes a visual powerhouse.
System76 will be announcing the Adder WS laptop next week as their new high-end Linux laptop offering that features a 4K OLED display.
The Adder WS will be System76's first laptop with an OLED display. On top of the vibrant 4K OLED display is also Intel's top-end Core i7 9750H and i9 9980HK CPU options while for graphics is a NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070. This laptop will also feature options with up to 64GB of RAM and up to 8TB of storage or 4TB of NVMe storage.
00:08 = Pronunciation 00:14 = Brief History of SUSE 00:30 = Meaning of Original Acronym 00:44 = Acronym vs Initialism 01:26 = SUSE relation to openSUSE 01:44 = Why I Made This Series 02:25 = SUSE, Yes Please Parody Outro
We have been working away at getting epel8 ready (short status: we have builds and are building fedpkg and bodhi and all the other tools maintainers need to deal with packages and hope to have some composes next week), and I would like to introduce a new thing we are trying with epel8: The epel8-playground.
epel8-playground is another branch for all epel8 packages. By default when a package is setup for epel8 both branches are made, and when maintainers do builds in the epel8 branch, fedpkg will build for _both_ epel8 and epel8-playground. epel8 will use the bodhi updates system with an updates-testing and stable repo. epel8-playground will compose every night and use only one repo.
In Part 1 of this series, we detailed the hardware and software architecture of our testing lab, as well as benchmarking methodology and Ceph cluster baseline performance. In this post, we?ll take our benchmarking to the next level by drilling down into the performance evaluation of MySQL database workloads running on top of Red Hat OpenStack Platform backed by persistent block storage using Red Hat Ceph Storage.
One of the great things about Red Hat OpenShift is the ability to develop both Cloud Native and traditional applications. Often times, when thinking about traditional applications, the first thing that comes to mind is the ability to store things on the file system. This could be media, metadata, or any type of content that your application relies on but isn’t stored in a database or other system.
To illustrate the concept of persistent storage (i.e. storage that will persist even when a container is stopped or recreated), I created a sample application for tracking my electronic books that I have in PDF format. The library of PDF files can be stored on the file system, and the application relies on this media directory to present the titles to the user. The application is written in Java using the Spring Boot framework and scans the media directory for PDF files. Once a suitable title is found, the application generates a thumbnail image of the book and also determines how many pages it contains. This can be seen in the following image:
IBM’s massive $34 billion acquisition of Red Hat closed a few weeks ago and today, the two companies are now announcing the first fruits of this process. For the most part, today’s announcement furthers IBM’s ambitions to bring its products to any public and private cloud. That was very much the reason why IBM acquired Red Hat in the first place, of course, so this doesn’t come as a major surprise, though most industry watchers probably didn’t expect this to happen this fast.
Specifically, IBM is announcing that it is bringing its software portfolio to Red Hat OpenShift, Red Hat’s Kubernetes-based container platform that is essentially available on any cloud that allows its customers to run Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Post the completion of Red Hat acquisition, IBM has started building bridges between the product and services of the two companies. IBM has reengineered its software portfolio to now be "cloud-native and optimized to run on Red Hat OpenShift."
Debian Buster Arrives; IBM Acquires Red Hat; Raspberry Pi 4 Is Here; Ubuntu Takes a U-Turn with 32-Bit Support: OpenSSH Fixes Side Channel Attacks; Firefox Fixes Error that Crashed HTTPS Pages; and Altair Releases HyperWorks 2019
[...]
The Debian community has announced the release of Debian 10 "Buster" (https://www.debian.org/News/2019/20190706). Debian is one of the most popular GNU/Linux-based distributions. Buster will be supported for the next five years.
Buster ships with several desktop environments including Cinnamon 3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, and Xfce 4.12. In this release, GNOME will default to using the Wayland display server instead of Xorg. "The Xorg display server is still installed by default and the default display manager allows users to choose Xorg as the display server for their next session," according to a blog post from the Debian project.
It's another #AskError special! Sleep tech, missing apps on Linux, a deep question, and much more.
00:00:36 What sleep tech do you use? 00:07:59 What?s the first thing you?d do if you won the lottery? 00:13:30 What one application is completely missing on Linux? 00:17:15 Do you ever use default folders like documents, pictures, music etc? 00:25:47 What?s in your conference bag? 00:29:38 What is love?
It's time once again for The Weekender. This is our bi-weekly departure into the world of amateur radio contests, open source conventions, special events, listener challenges, hedonism and just plain fun. Thanks for listening and, if you happen to get a chance, feel free to call us or e-mail and send us some feedback. Tell us how we're doing. We'd love to hear from you.
This week we’ve been doing more DIY, playing Slay the Spire and wrestling with CSS. We discuss a strictly confined snapped desktop environment, DNS over HTTPS as a snap, BT choosing Ubuntu for its 5G core and how the Ubuntu 19.10 development is progressing. We also round up some events and news from the tech world.
It was thousands of years ago when Linus Torvalds first revealed the Linux operating system. Or maybe 28 years; a long time, either way. And three decades later, things are very different – and so Linux is finally dropping floppy drive support.
The big reason for the move is that to test drivers, you need hardware to run the drivers on. And floppy drives are getting really hard to find. The latest update to the floppy project over on GitHub features a note from Torvalds himself.
On a stormy Tuesday in July, a group of 30 young programmers gathered in New York City to take on natural disasters. The attendees—most of whom were current college students and alumnae of the nonprofit Girls Who Code—had signed up for a six-hour hackathon in the middle of summer break.
Flash floods broke out across the city, but the atmosphere in the conference room remained upbeat. The hackathon was hosted in the downtown office of IBM as one of the final events in this year’s Call for Code challenge, a global competition sponsored by IBM and the Linux Foundation. The challenge focuses on using technology to assist survivors of catastrophes including tropical storms, fires, and earthquakes.
Recent satellite hackathon events in the 2019 competition have recruited developers in Cairo to address Egypt’s national water shortage; in Paris to brainstorm AI solutions for rebuilding the Notre Dame cathedral; and in Bayamón, Puerto Rico, to improve resilience in the face of future hurricanes.
Those whose proposals follow Call for Code’s guidelines are encouraged to submit to the annual international contest for a chance to win IBM membership and Linux tech support, meetings with potential mentors and investors, and a cash prize of US $200,000. But anyone who attends one of these optional satellite events also earns another reward: the chance to poke around inside the most prized software of the Call for Code program’s corporate partners.
The Chasing Grace Project is an ambitious endeavor of Jennifer Cloer, one of the most influential people in the open source world. It’s a documentary series about women in tech.
“It takes a very real look at the adversities they face but shines a spotlight on how they are rising above those adversities to chart successful careers in tech and influence change for the next generation. We hope to help recruit and retain female talent for the tech industry and to give a platform for everyday women in tech to share their stories,” said Cloer about the project.
"We recognise that open source is the commodity foundation upon which the entire IT industry rests," Loek Bakker, the CIO of TenneT, writes in a blog post. "For TenneT, like many other utilities, open source is essential to our strategic success."
As an LF Energy member, we recognize that open source is the commodity foundation upon which the entire IT industry rests. A recent Synopsis study indicated that 100% of the proprietary software our vendors are using in the energy and utility space have open source inside [1]. Yet, as an industry, we do not manage our software as a community, and we have relative ignorance about what exists within our “black boxes”. The open source model refers to the software development practice that encourages transparent governance and open collaboration to create software for which the original source code (design, code, ingredients) is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. For TenneT, like many other utilities, open source is essential to our strategic success.
TenneT chose to adopt the open source model in 2017 by developing the TenneT Data Platform (TDP). We now want to accelerate the development and adoption of open source for the following reasons: [...]
Next step in our strategy is to move to the Participation level. An important step in this move would be that TenneT expands its contribution in open source initiatives, for example to move from associate member to general member for LF Energy. We will then sponsor the initiative. In this phase, we will also further develop our internal skills, create awareness and set-up open source governance. We will also select new open source initiatives additional to the current ones. It is our estimation that we will be in Participation level in the period 2020-2021.
The final stage in our strategy will be that of Contribution, in which we actually will engage in open source projects and contribute to initiatives. We will deploy open source collaboration tools to support open source usage and contributions and incrementally invest in further setting up relevant processes and governance, such as product management, engineering and legal support. We will enter this stage between 2022 and 2024 it is estimated.
Over the course of July, Intel's rolling-release Clear Linux distribution shifted from Linux 5.1 to the brand new Linux 5.2 kernel, pulled in the latest GCC9 branch compiler fixes, updated to Python 3.7.4, rolled out a new OpenJDK build, and had many other package updates and original optimizations applied.
With some of the systems I am benchmarking Clear Linux daily with over at LinuxBenchmarking.com, here are some of the results that saw changes on the test systems over the past month.
For those wondering what the SMT performance impact is for new Zen 2 processors, here are some tests done using a Ryzen 9 3900X with Ubuntu Linux when testing at the default 12-core / 24-threads and then again when disabling SMT to look at just the twelve physical cores.
A few premium supporters wrote in recently wondering how the SMT performance looks on Linux for the new AMD CPUs and if it differs at all from Windows' SMT performance. Besides the recent Windows vs. Linux Ryzen 9 3900X benchmarks I haven't done a cross-OS SMT comparison yet, but here are some side-by-side tests looking at Ubuntu when toggling SMT from the BIOS.
Drawing is a simple drawing application, similar to Microsoft Paint, but aiming at the GNOME desktop.
Dynamic Wallpaper Editor is a simply utility to create or edit background slideshows for Gnome Desktop.
Different from other desktop wallpaper tools (e.g., Variety, Wallch.), Dynamic Wallpaper Editor can set duration of each picture and each transition separately or globally. The total duration can be 24 hours to do a wallpaper fitting the daylight.
file path is the human-readable representation of a file or folder’s location on a computer system. You’ve seen file paths, although you may not realize it, on the internet: An internet URL, despite ancient battles fought by proprietary companies like AOL and CompuServe, is actually just a path to a (sometimes dynamically created) file on someone else’s computer. For instance, when you navigate to example.com/index.html, you are actually viewing the HTML file index.html, probably located in the var directory on the example.com server. Files on your computer have file paths, too, and this article explains how to understand them, and why they’re important.
When computers became a household item, they took on increasingly stronger analogies to real-world models. For instance, instead of accounts and directories, personal computers were said to have desktops and folders, and eventually, people developed the latent impression that the computer was a window into a virtual version of the real world. It’s a useful analogy, because everyone is familiar with the concept of desktops and file cabinets, while fewer people understand digital storage and memory addresses.
While Steam Play continues getting better for allowing more Windows games to run on Linux to enhance the overall Linux gaming ecosystem, Valve's latest monthly data for Steam shows another month-to-month decline in usage at least on percentage terms.
The Steam numbers put out tonight by Valve for July 2019 show a 0.05% decline for Linux usage down to 0.79%.... But this is another month with rather flakey numbers. Valve originally pegged Steam's Linux usage for June at 0.76% only to quietly revise it at some point during July to apparently 0.84%.
With tactical turn-based combat, an impressive visual style and a thick atmosphere Jupiter Hell has now entered Early Access.
VICCP looks quite unusual, a puzzle game about a strange control panel that you need to tinker with to figure out how it all works and what exactly it does.
The neon-soaked destruction-heavy game Brigador: Up-Armored Edition just recently got updated, bringing in some new content and allowing everyone to jump in to make mods and maps with the Community Reinforcements Update.
Working with modders the game now has some extra F-series campaign maps to blast through, Quatro Santos and Long Roads Freelance runs which feature all new Freelance levels by community designers and also new combinations of 2-3 map Freelance runs suggested by the community.
While new levels officially added in are sweet, the chance to now add in more is even sweeter. They've released a set of modding tools, available on Steam as a free DLC. However, it's only currently built for Windows. From what they said in their Discord Channel, it is planned for Linux (and Mac) as well they just haven't had time.
Developed by Ludic Studios (Akane), they just recently announced their new game Wind Runners. It's a side-scrolling dogfighting roguelike and it does look pretty sweet.
Creative Assembly just announced a brand new game mode coming to Total War: THREE KINGDOMS, it's called Dynasty Mode developed in partnership with Intel.
Dynasty Mode is a horde-style arcade mode, that will be free for all owners of Total War: THREE KINGDOMS and will release as an update at the same time as the Eight Princes DLC. For Windows, that's on August 8th but Linux gamers will have a little wait. Feral Interactive said on Twitter "The hordes of Dynasty Mode surge onto macOS and Linux shortly after Windows.".
An action-platformer with an open-world approach, diverse combat system and character building? Sign me up. Blessed Surface sounds like it could be a lot of fun.
It released on Steam in February, with Linux support arriving back in May which somehow I completely missed. It has continued to receive some pretty large updates since the original release, adding in all sorts of fun sounding features from new weapons to new creatures to encounter.
Not one I've covered before: Pegasus Frontend, a free and open source (GPL) game launcher that seems pretty sweet has Linux support.
Here's something that's awesome! Thanks to the new features in the Linux Steam client that came with Steam Play, you can add in other compatibility tools to run games through and Boxtron is one such tool.
Boxtron enables you to use a native Linux build of DOSBox, to run games with just like you would with Steam Play's Proton.
Klei Entertainment continue to support and update their incredibly stylish multiplayer survival game Don't Starve Together.
It's still a popular game too, regularly pulling in nearly fifteen thousand players each day which is impressive for an indie game that's a few years old. Especially impressive when you think about all the games that have released since April 2016! Just goes to show how fun Don't Starve Together actually is.
Collabora's xrdesktop, sponsored by Valve, adds full VR support to Linux desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE.
Linux has never been a hot gaming platform. Valve, creator of the Steam game engine and network, has long wanted Linux to replace Windows as the PC gaming platform. Indeed, Gabe Newell, Valve's CEO, once said, "Linux is the future of gaming." That didn't happen, but Valve didn't give up on Linux. Now, Valve is doubling down on Linux, by proposing changes to the Linux kernel to make it more gaming-friendly.
To give you some background, Newell turned sour on Windows, with the release of Windows 8, declaring, "Windows 8 is a catastrophe for everyone in the PC space." By the next year, Newell said, "Linux is the future of gaming for gamers on the client as well, because, besides Microsoft moving to a more locked-in style of computing . . . Closed systems are at odds with the evolution of gaming."
The final stable Xfce 4.14 release just got a step nearer to general availability with the launch of a final testing build.
Serving as the next major update to the Xfce desktop environment, Xfce 4.14 has been in development since 2016. It continues the not-so-trivial task of moving core elements of the desktop stack from GTK2 to GTK3, targeting GTK 3.22 specifically.
Now the fruits of that effort are almost ripe for picking!
“The final pre-release before Xfce 4.14 stable is out […] which results in sticking to the original plan of releasing 4.14 in mid-August,” writes project developer Simon Steinbeiss.
When interacting with other users of KDE Connect, I often notice something funny. People will often talk about how nice it is that they can control their computer from their phone (using the media controls, the mousepad plugin, or several of the others). For me, this has always been a secondary benefit. I use KDE Connect’s presentation plugin for all of my presentations but my primary goal has always been to be able to control my phone from my computer. I hate the phone keyboard, I hate the tiny screen, and I hate having to pull the thing out of my pocket.
On a daily basis, the number 1 thing I need to do with my phone is send or read SMS. In the United States, SMS is the de facto default communication system. In Europe, I basically assume that anyone I want to communicate with uses WhatsApp. In the US, with one friend I use WhatsApp, with another one friend I use Telegram, and with my family and other friends I use SMS. (Many people use Facebook Messenger but that is still not as widespread).
Those who have been very carefully following the KDE Connect channels might already know that we have been working on a desktop application which uses KDE Connect to load SMS conversation history and send SMS using the phone. (I have been keeping this under wraps because I know it is our #1 requested feature and I don’t want to tease anyone with a stream of “Oh yes, it’s almost there” half-promises)
The SMS app started March 2018 at the previous KDE Connect sprint. I arrived in Barcelona with a half-written contacts synchronization plugin and the goal to never touch my phone again. In only a few days, we had the contacts plugin in its current form and the skeleton of an SMS app (based on Qt’s QML chat app tutorial). It could read the display names and avatars from the synchronized contacts and you could use the compose message box to send SMS. There was no message history yet, just some statically-created items in the QML, but everything starts somewhere!
It's been about nine months since I bought the Slimbook - a bit more for you by the time you'll be reading this article. Every report brings fewer issues into focus, and that's good. I am also aware that my testing has a different angle from most Linux laptop stories - usually, it's developers who run Linux on their rigs, and they have other needs.
It seems quite conceivable to be using Plasma in the full-production mode, and I'm about 90% as quick and productive as with Windows, I'd say, but this also includes Notepad++, IrfanView and such. Sometimes, I do feel there's more that could or can be done, especially when it comes to documents, forms, nerdy stuff. The one thing worth praising over and over is the Slimbook keyboard. While laptop keyboards rarely match the rugged elegance of full 105-key devices, this one allows me to write with abandon, speed and almost no misses, muscle memory and all.
Since I've purchased the Slimbook, I've also had a chance to test a couple of dozen distros, including many other desktop environments. Previously, Unity was my productivity benchmark (well, still is), but with Plasma under a microscope, I've gained additional sensitivity to judging various ergonomic and efficiency elements in the system. With the tenth report wrapped up, I'd say Plasma is a serious piece of software. Definitely the most advanced thing Linux wise. And with some extra refinement, I'd even gladly pay a license if that could give me the extra layer of freedom. Almost there. But then, the year of the Linux has been a unicorn for at least 15 years, maybe more. Report 11, here we go.
KDE's Trusted IT Consulting Firms directory provides you with the support and the direct line to developers you and your business need.
Finding support or fulfilling a need is sometimes tricky when it comes to software. Proprietary providers often become unreachable, hiding behind helpdesks staffed with interns reading from a manual. Bugs can take months, sometimes years, before they are squashed. Getting proprietary software manufacturers to implement a feature specifically for your company is to all effects impossible.
Free Software is better in that you can often talk directly to the developers themselves and many will be sympathetic to your requirements. However, Free Software projects are often run by volunteers and everybody has bandwidth limit. Being able to communicate with the people that can implement a change, doesn't mean that it will happen as soon as you would like.
Even though there is a ton of Krita videos on Youtube, Krita’s own youtube channel was neglected. Until recently! Working together with Ramon Miranda of Muses and Digital Atelier fame, we’re going to publish new videos about Krita regularly. Here’s the first one!
Modern fonts work by drawing the outline of each letter out by hand. This is a very labour-intensive operation as each letter has to be redrawn for each weight. Back in the late 70s Donald Knuth created METAFONT, which has a completely different approach that mimics the way letters are drawn by hand. In this system you specify a pen shape and a stroke path. The computer would then calculate what sort of a mark this stroke would leave on paper and draw the result. The pen shape as well as the stroke were defined as mathematical equations of type "the stroke shall begin so that its topmost part is exactly at x-height and shall end so that its bottom is at the baseline".
The advantage of this approach is that it is fully parametrizable. If you change the global x-height, then every letter is automatically recalculated. Outline fonts can't be slanted by shearing because it changes the strokes' widths. Parametric fonts do not have this issue. Different optical weights can be obtained simply by changing the size of the pen nib. You could even go as far as change the widths of individual letters during typesetting to make text justification appear even smoother.
METAFONT was never widely used for font design. The idea behind it was elegant, though, and is worth further examination, for example are there other ways of defining fonts parametrically and what sort of letter shapes would they produce. Below we describe one such attempt.
For Immediate Release
The GNOME Foundation and KDE e.V. are proud to announce Linux App Summit 2019. The Linux App Summit (LAS) will be held in Barcelona from November 12th to 15th, 2019.
https://linuxappsummit.org/
LAS is the first collaborative event co-hosted by the two organizations since the Desktop Summit in 2009. Both organizations are eager to bring their communities together in building an application ecosystem that transcends individual distros and broadens the market for everyone involved.
KDE and GNOME will no longer be taking a passive role in the free desktop sector. With the joint influence of the two desktop projects, LAS will shepherd the growth of the FOSS desktop by encouraging the creation of quality applications, seeking opportunities for compensation for FOSS developers, and fostering a vibrant market for the Linux operating system.
GNOME's executive director, Neil McGovern says, "LAS represents one of many steps towards a thriving desktop ecosystem. By partnering with KDE we show the desire to build the kind of application ecosystem that demonstrates that Open Source and Free Software are important; the technology and organization we build to achieve this is valuable and necessary.", LAS will be the intersection where application developers, designers, user and kernel space engineers work together in building an environment that aims to create a new market for applications on Linux.
"Over the years we have built great solutions that millions of people use around the world. It's been when we have worked together that we have managed to become bigger than the sum of the parts. Together with GNOME, counting with the collaboration of many distributions and application developers, we'll have the opportunity to work side by side, share our perspectives and offer the platform that the next generation of solutions will be built on.", Aleix Pol Gonzalez, KDE e.V Vice-President says about the inaugural effort about LAS.
As the first conference of its kind, the themes LAS will be centered around will be growing the application ecosystem for Linux as well as providing a platform for others to share ideas and technology. With that in mind, the topics we are interested in are:
* Creating, packaging, and distributing applications * Design and usability * Commercialization * Community / Legal * Platform * Linux App Ecosystem
The CfP starts today and ends on August 31st. You may submit your talk ideas at https://linuxappsummit.org/cfp/.
"I am excited to see GNOME and KDE working together on LAS, and I believe that the event will help lay down strong foundations for collaborative cross- project development that would benefit Linux users across all distributions and on any compatible device. I hope to see widespread community support for the event and, as a user, I look forward to reaping the benefits of the seeds that have now been sown." - Christel Dahlskjaer, Private Internet Access and freenode Project Lead.
We look forward to seeing all of you in Barcelona and building the app ecosystem together! For more information about LAS, please visit - https:// linuxappsummit.org/.
About KDE e.V
The KDE€® Community is a free software community dedicated to creating an open and user-friendly computing experience, offering an advanced graphical desktop, a wide variety of applications for communication, work, education and entertainment and a platform of libraries and frameworks that helps developers easily build new applications. We have a strong focus on finding innovative solutions to old and new problems, creating a dynamic atmosphere open for experimentation. Find out more about KDE at https://kde.org
About GNOME Foundation
The GNOME Foundation is an organization committed to supporting the advancement of GNOME, comprised of hundreds of volunteer developers and industry-leading companies. The Foundation is a member directed, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that provides financial, organizational, and legal support to the GNOME project. The GNOME Foundation is supporting the pursuit of software freedom through the innovative, accessible, and beautiful user experience created by GNOME contributors around the world. More information about GNOME and the GNOME Foundation can be found at www.gnome.org and foundation.gnome.org. Become a friend of GNOME at https://www.gnome.org/ friends/ -- Promotion & Communication
The Linux desktop has its fans -- I've been using it for over twenty-years -- but it's never been a mass market favorite. In part, that's because as Linus Torvalds says, "fragmentation of the different vendors have held the desktop back." Now, in a major step forward the two chief Linux desktop rivals, GNOME Foundation and KDE, have agreed to work together.
GNOME and KDE are coming together to sponsor the Linux App Summit (LAS) 2019 in Barcelona from November 12th to 15th, 2019. This isn't the first time the two rival Linux desktop groups have come together, but it has been a decade since they've joined forces to run a conference together. Both organizations are eager to bring their communities together to build an application ecosystem that transcends individual distros and broadens the market for everyone.
The PCLinuxOS Magazine staff is pleased to announce the release of the August 2019 issue. With the exception of a brief period in 2009, The PCLinuxOS Magazine has been published on a monthly basis since September, 2006. The PCLinuxOS Magazine is a product of the PCLinuxOS community, published by volunteers from the community. The magazine is lead by Paul Arnote, Chief Editor, and Assistant Editor Meemaw. The PCLinuxOS Magazine is released under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-Share-Alike 3.0 Unported license, and some rights are reserved. All articles may be freely reproduced via any and all means following first publication by The PCLinuxOS Magazine, provided that attribution to both The PCLinuxOS Magazine and the original author are maintained, and a link is provided to the originally published article.
In the August 2019 issue:
* De-Googling Yourself, Part 4 * Inkscape Tutorial: Rubber Stamp * PCLinuxOS Family Member Spotlight: MarekTux * The Ruby Programming Language: Blocks, Modules and Other Interesting Things * Casual Python, Part 7 * ms_meme's Nook: It’s Linux Time * Cutting The Cord in 2019 * Short Topix: Vulnerability Discovered Masquerading As Gnome Extension * PCLinuxOS Recipe Corner: Grilled Italian Chicken * And much more inside!
This month’s cover was designed by parnote.
Download the PDF (11.1 MB) https://pclosmag.com/download.php?f=2019-08.pdf
Download the EPUB Version (7.4 MB) https://pclosmag.com/download.php?f=201908epub.epub
Download the MOBI Version (8.2 MB) https://pclosmag.com/download.php?f=201908mobi.mobi
Visit the HTML Version https://pclosmag.com/html/enter.html
Arch Linux fans rejoice, the first Arch Linux ISO snapshot powered by the latest Linux 5.2 kernel series is now available for download. Another month, another Arch Linux ISO snapshot has been released to offer the community a fresh installation medium packed with all the latest software and security updates. The Arch Linux ISO snapshot for August 2019, Arch Linux 2019.08.01, has been released today and it's now available for download.
Packed with all the security patches and software updated pushed through the official repositories throughout the month of July 2019, Arch Linux 2019.08.01 is the first ISO snapshot of the popular operating system to be powered by the latest Linux 5.2 kernel series as it ships with the latest Linux 5.2.5 release.
Many thanks to all of you for supporting our open-source projects!
I started running an SKS keyserver a couple of years ago (don't really remember, but I think it was around 2014). I am, as you probably expect me to be given my lines of work, a believer of the Web-of-Trust model upon which the PGP network is built. I have published a couple of academic papers (Strengthening a Curated Web of Trust in a Geographically Distributed Project, with Gina Gallegos, Cryptologia 2016, and Insights on the large-scale deployment of a curated Web-of-Trust: the Debian project’s cryptographic keyring, with Victor González Quiroga, Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2018) and presented several conferences regarding some aspects of it, mainly in relation to the Debian project.
Canonical released today a new Linux kernel security update, this time for users of the Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS operating system using the Linux 5.0 HWE (Hardware Enablement) kernel from Ubuntu 19.04.
This Linux Hardware Enablement (HWE) kernel from Ubuntu 19.04 for Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS includes the same fixes for four security flaws that Canonical added in the lastest kernel for Ubuntu 19.04 last week, including an integer overflow (CVE-2019-11487) discovered in Linux kernel, which could lead to use-after-free issues as local attackers were able to use the exploit to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (system crash).
Arm released a “Pelion Connectivity Management 2.0” platform for mobile network operators with a new automation engine to scale IoT with real-time triggers and eSIM provisioning.
When Arm announced its Pelion IoT Platform last August as a SaaS IoT device management service built around Arm Mbed Cloud, one of the major components was a “connectivity management” wireless gateway stack based on technology it acquired when buying out Stream Technologies. Since then, the stack emerged as a service called Pelion Connectivity Management aimed at mobile network operators (MNOs) that offer managed gateway services for wireless technologies such as cellular, LoRa, NB-IoT, and satellite. Today, Arm announced version 2.0, adding a new automation engine for greater scalability.
Ibase unveiled a 3.5-inch “IBR210” SBC that runs Yocto v2.5 Linux or Android 9 on a dual- or quad -A53 i.MX8M SoC with up to 3GB soldered LPDDR4 and 64GB eMMC plus 4K-ready HDMI 2.0, MIPI, LVDS, GbE, USB 3.0, M.2, and mini-PCIe.
Ibase announced a 3.5-inch SBC built around NXP’s up to 1.5GHz i.MX8M SoC. The IBR210 is designed for “multiple signage” displays at airports, train and bus stations, and shopping malls, as well as HMI passenger information applications. There’s a wide standard operating range of 0 to 70€°C, as well as an optional -40 to 85€°C SKU.
Axiomtek’s “IPS962-512-PoE” embedded vision PC supports 6th or 7th Gen Intel chips and offers 4x PoE-ready GbE, PCIe, 4x USB 3.0, modular I/O expansion, and real-time vision-specific I/O with microsecond-scale and LED lighting control.
Axiomtek has launched a IPS962-512-PoE machine vision controller with modular I/O expansion, isolated I/O interfaces, and real-time controls. The latter include including a trigger input, an LED lighting controller, a camera trigger, and an encoder input for conveyor tracking.
Purism has opened $699 pre-orders for its privacy-oriented Librem 5 smartphone, with Q3 shipments. The phone runs the Linux-based PureOS on a quad -A53 i.MX8M with 3GB RAM, 32GB eMMC, a 5.7-inch IPS touchscreen, and a 4G modem.
It has been two years since Purism opened a crowdfunding campaign for its privacy-focused Librem 5 smartphone with plans to launch in January of this year. As with most Linux phone projects, the launch was delayed, but the phone is finally open for general pre-order at $699, with shipments due in the third quarter.
The most important aspect of this latest move by GitHub is that open source projects are unaffected, and that even those who are hit by the bans can get around them by moving from private to public repositories. Friedman rightly points out that as a company based in the US, GitHub doesn't have much scope for ignoring US laws.
However, this incident does raise some important questions. For example, what happens if the US government decides that it wants to prevent programmers in certain countries from accessing open source repositories on GitHub as well? That would go against a fundamental aspect of free software, which is that it can be used by anyone, for anything -- including for bad stuff.
This question has already come up before, when President Trump issued the executive order "Securing the Information and Communications Technology and Services Supply Chain", a thinly-disguised attack on the Chinese telecoms giant Huawei. As a result of the order, Google blocked Huawei's access to updates of Android. Some Chinese users were worried they were about to lose access to GitHub, which is just as crucial for software development in China as elsewhere. GitHub said that wasn't the case, but it's not hard to imagine the Trump administration putting pressure on GitHub's owner, Microsoft, to toe the line at some point in the future.
The USENIX Annual Technical Conference (ATC) is considered to be one of the most prestigious systems research conferences. It covers all practical facets of systems software and aims to improve and further the knowledge of computing systems of all scales. Along with providing a platform to showcase cutting-edge systems research, it also allows researchers to gain insight into fields like virtualization, system management and troubleshooting, cloud and edge computing, security, and more.
On June 18, 2019, almost all of the government agencies in Taiwan’s cabinet received an official document from the National Development Council (NDC). “When exchanging digital documents between government agencies, the file format used shall be the Open Document Format (ODF) if the transferred files are editable… Do not use proprietary editors to directly save as ODF files… It is highly recommended to use the NDC ODF Application Tools or LibreOffice to generate standard ODF files.”
“This is the most exciting and cheering official document in recent years!” said Dr. Chao-Kuei Hung, a Science and Technology Studies (STS) researcher and inveterate FOSS promoter. In the document, users in Taiwan government agencies are asked to not use proprietary office suites like Microsoft Office to generate documents, and therefore not save and spread “.doc” or “.docx” format files, which people are quite familiar with.
Instead, they are asked to use free and open source software – which lets people to download, research, improve and redistribute it – like LibreOffice. They need to save and transfer documents in ODF format, which is an ISO standard (see the upcoming part II of the report for details). For most people, this seems to be a confusing policy; however, it will surely affect our lives in the future. For us, it is even as important as metric units like kilograms or meters.
While there are a handful of free Photoshop alternatives, the open source program GIMP comes closest to Photoshop’s advanced tools. As an open source program, GIMP is free to download for Mac, Windows and Linux.
GIMP, which stands for GNU Image Manipulation Program, has several of the same tools as Photoshop. Layer editing is possible, which allows GIMP to do more than just a basic crop and color edit. Many advanced edits, like local adjustment, blemish corection, and object removal, can be easily tackled inside the open source program. While other free programs will crop, recolor and apply filters, GIMP offers enough advanced tools to be considered a true Photoshop competitor.
Of course, a free program is never on par with a paid industry standard. While GIMP contains most of the same most-used tools, it’s lacking a few features. The healing brush, for example, has one option where Photoshop’s brush has four. GIMP also does not have non-destructive adjustment layer editing, where the changes can be reverted or altered later without affecting the rest of the edit. GIMP also tends to be behind Photoshop’s latest new tools, with some new options not arriving to the free program to years later. GIMP also isn’t as much of a graphic design program as Photoshop — CMYK support, for example, is not included.
The GIMP user interface is either great or not so great, depending on how you look at it. As an open source format, the UI isn’t as professional and sleek as Photoshop’s. However, since there aren’t quite as many tools, the program can feel slightly less daunting, and also allows for more customization options.
GIMP can’t replace every Photoshop feature exactly, but it’s the open source program that comes the closest to the Adobe powerhouse, with a free price tag. Learn more about how it compares in our Photoshop versus GIMP comparison.
Like it or not, there’s a bit of trust involved in the process of setting up, or “compiling,” the software at the heart of bitcoin – but a recent code change could help.
Featuring container software Guix, code was recently merged into the most popular bitcoin implementation, Bitcoin Core, meaning it’s now ready for real users to try out. The change could help to limit trust in code downloaded from operating system Ubuntu during the building process.
“It’s been quite a journey, but #Guix support for deterministic, bootstrappable Bitcoin Core builds has landed in master,” the main developer behind the project, Carl Dong, tweeted last month.
While Bitcoin might be an extremely pro-privacy and trustless process, building something like it is quite the opposite and the element of trust is required when setting up.
A new container software using code that was recently merged into the most popular Bitcoin implementation, Bitcoin core changes this, to make it easier to build code, making the process a little more trustless. The change could help to limit trust in code downloaded from the operating system Ubuntu during the building process. For this building process, there are already some protections built in. When downloading Bitcoin Core from Bitcoin.org, many developers use a process called Gitian to make so-called “reproducible” builds, which allows developers to double check that the binaries being distributed to them are the correct version that they want to be downloading – not a replica with a secret backdoor built into the software, say, to steal bitcoins.
Every few years a new term is coined within the computer industry—big data, machine learning, agile development, Internet of Things, just to name a few. You'd be forgiven for not knowing them all.
Some of these are new ideas. Some are refinements on existing ideas. Others still are simply notions we've all had for a long time, but now we have a new word to describe said notions.
Which brings me to a topic we cover in depth in this issue of Linux Journal: DevOps.
Not sure what DevOps is? Need it explained to you? It's okay, I was in the same boat. Start off by reading "Experts Attempt to Explain DevOps—and Almost Succeed" to get a high-level explanation of what this whole DevOps brouhaha is all about.
Once you've got the concept of DevOps firmly implanted in your brain, it's time to dive in and look at how specific parts of DevOps can be implemented, starting with "Continuous Integration/Continuous Development with FOSS Tools" by Quentin Hartman, Director of Infrastructure and DevOps at Finalze.
The GNU C Library version 2.30 is now available.
The GNU C Library is used as *the* C library in the GNU system and in GNU/Linux systems, as well as many other systems that use Linux as the kernel.
The GNU C Library is primarily designed to be a portable and high performance C library. It follows all relevant standards including ISO C11 and POSIX.1-2017. It is also internationalized and has one of the most complete internationalization interfaces known.
Releasing on schedule was the GNU C Library 2.30 release. Glibc 2.30 brings with it more optimizations and new features for this all-important part of the GNU toolchain.
In accordance with our security release policy, the Django team is issuing Django 1.11.23, Django 2.1.11, and Django 2.2.4. These releases addresses the security issues detailed below. We encourage all users of Django to upgrade as soon as possible.
Thanks Guido Vranken and Sage M. Abdullah for reporting these issues.
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Patches to resolve the issue have been applied to Django's master branch and the 2.2, 2.1, and 1.11 release branches. The patches may be obtained from the following changesets:
On the development master branch:
GitLab CEO and Co-Founder, Sid Sijbrandij, explains why he decided to build a company around GitLab.
Even though Africa as a region does not have a specific single regional convention or agreement that compel Member States to have similar rules regarding patentable subject matter (like the EU for instance), most African countries do not exclude pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter. Between the two main IP conventions in Africa: African Regional Intellectual Property Organisation (ARIPO) and African Intellectual Property Organisation (OAPI), excluded patentable subject matters vary. Outside both OAPI and ARIPO, Least Developed Countries like Madagascar, South Sudan, Sudan, Angola, Libya, who are not signatories to either convention, may exclude applications for patents related to pharmaceutical products.
Patents in OAPI Member States can only be issued by OAPI and so, OAPI Member States share harmonised rules on patentable subject matter and only exclude the subject matters specifically permissible under the TRIPS Agreement. By extension, the 17 countries that are signatories to the OAPI Convention do not exclude pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter. Once a patent application has been examined and granted by OAPI, the patentee will enjoy patent protection in the designated member states.
The situation is different with respect to ARIPO and its Member States. ARIPO Member States can issue national patents. Accordingly, after ARIPO has examined a patent application, Member States may still reject the application where it is incompatible with their national patent laws. However, while most ARIPO Member States do not exclude pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter, some did and/or still do. Under Section 8(3)(f) of Uganda’s Industrial Property Act 2014, pharmaceutical products are excluded from patentable subject matter until 1 January 2016 or some other extended period as the WTO allows it as a Least Developed Country (LDC). This exclusion now extends to 2033 at least, given the WTO’s decision to continue to exempt Least Developed Countries from the application of the TRIPS Agreement on pharmaceutical products. For Rwanda, while its IP Policy 2009 indicates that it will maintain the exclusion of pharmaceutical products from patentability in accordance with the WTO Decision providing transition period for LDCs until, at least, 2016, the WTO extension allows it to validly retain its Article 18(8) of its Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property 2009, covering the exclusion. Despite these specific exclusions, these countries have usually allowed patent applications once they (the applications) have been accepted by ARIPO. However, there are reports that this approach is changing, and the patent office in Rwanda now refuse ARIPO-accepted patent applications for pharmaceutical products on the grounds of incompatibility with its patent law. This may be connected to the report in 2018 advising patent applicants for pharmaceutical products to amend their applications to exclude claims to the products and retain claims for process patents.
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Several suggestions have been made. In the case of South Africa, which has been ‘accused’ of granting more patents on pharmaceutical products than even most developed countries, it has been suggested that the patent laws should be reformed to:
(i) introduce patent opposition procedures so third parties can submit evidence as to why some patent applications should not be granted [As discussed on the IPKat, patent opposition, albeit via the courts in Netherlands led to the invalidation of patent on Ethiopian teff] (ii) limit the granting of patents on new uses of, and minor modifications to existing medicines. [Zambia’s Patent Act excludes “new uses of a known product, including the second use of a medicine” from patentability. India and Argentina also make similar exclusion.] (iii) adopt an examination system and move from the current registration system that allow ‘weak’ patents to scale through to grant. (iv) Simplify the process and procedure for issuing compulsory licences.
NordVPN has released the WireGuard protocol, combining WireGuard’s high-speed connection and NordVPN’s custom double Network Address Translation (NAT) system, protecting the privacy of its users.
Do you use NordVPN on Linux? If so, you’re going to be first in line for NordVPN’s brand new technology which is called NordLynx and is based on the relatively new WireGuard protocol.
The WireGuard protocol will replace the standard OpenVPN protocol, though it will only be available to Linux users at first. Why the change? Simple: WireGuard is outperforming OpenVPN in quite a few key areas (see below). Plus, WireGuard is a mere 4000 lines of code, whereas OpenVPN is comprised of hundreds of thousands. This makes it easier to manage and deploy.
Security updates have been issued by CentOS (httpd, libssh2, and qemu-kvm), Debian (glib2.0, squirrelmail, subversion, and wpa), Fedora (proftpd), Oracle (icedtea-web), Red Hat (icedtea-web), Scientific Linux (icedtea-web), SUSE (icedtea-web, java-1_7_0-openjdk, subversion, and zypper, libzypp and libsolv), and Ubuntu (linux-hwe, openjdk-lts, pango1.0, python-django, and subversion).
System76 announces that Pop!_OS 18.10 has reached end of life and will no longer receive security updates. To keep your system secure and up to date, upgrade your OS to version 19.04.
Last week there was a bit of news as the FTC released a proposed settlement between the FTC and Equifax over the data brokers' massive security breach that came to light nearly two years ago. We had already noted that the FTC's way of dealing with Equifax seemed particularly tone deaf, but it's getting worse. Much worse. As you may have heard, part of the "settlement" with Equifax is that you could sign up to get $125 from the company (or possibly more). It was either that or free credit monitoring. But, come on: everyone already has so many "free credit monitoring" services from previous breaches that this is a totally meaningless offer. It also costs nothing for Equifax.
So, over the past week or so a ton of (helpful) news sites have been posting explainers on how to get your $125. Except... apparently too many people signed up and now the FTC is helping Equifax by telling people not to ask for money from the company any more.
When properly configured and deployed, log management tools can unearth a veritable treasure trove of data that IT administrators can use to triage and diagnose problems in enterprise IT infrastructures
Things are heating up — and not just because it’s August. This past June was the hottest June on record, and as of this writing July was shaping up to follow. That makes this month’s new books about climate change essential reading, along with other important new titles on pollution, wildlife, oceans and Indigenous peoples.
Our full list — an amazing 16 books, plus an entire series for kids — appears below. They include a deep dive into the world of the Koch brothers, a look at plastic in our food, an examination of the future of bluefin tuna, thoughts from the Standing Rock protests, and a whole lot more.
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The Future of Bluefin Tunas edited by Barbara A. Block — Dozens of experts from 15 countries contribute to this exhaustive examination of the threats facing all three species of bluefin tuna and what’s being done to save them.
Extinction: A Very Short Introduction by Paul B. Wignall — A slim book about a big topic: Why do species die out? Covering historic mass extinctions and the current biodiversity crisis, this book offers what you need to know about what we’re losing.
Science Comics: Cats by Andy Hirsch — A fun focus on our feline friends, looking at the science of everything from tigers to housecats. As with the rest of the “Science Comics” series, this is perfect for young readers or graphic-novel fans of all ages.
UK Home Secretary Priti Patel has taken to the pages of The Telegraph to call for Facebook to insert back door access to the end-to-end encryption system of its messaging platform and other , as members of the Five Eyes nations meet to call for the same.
When protecting digital traffic, there are effectively two methods: client-server cryptography and end-to-end cryptography. In client-server cryptography, your traffic is encrypted between your client device and the remote server and vice-versa; anyone on the server, however, can access the traffic in its unencrypted form. In end-to-end cryptography, popularly and controversially used in Facebook's WhatsApp instant messaging platform, the encryption remains intact from client device to client device regardless of how many servers it passes through on the way - meaning there's no easy way for ne'er-do-wells nor security services to capture the traffic in its unencrypted form.
Back in 2017 then-Home Secretary Amber Rudd called for back door access to be provided to governments, security services, and law enforcement while claiming that 'real people' don't care about encryption. A year later the governments of the 'Five Eyes' countries - the UK and Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States of America - hinted at the need for mandatory back-door access, and were supported by the UK's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). Most recently US Attorney General William Barr has joined the ranks of the non-technical claiming that it's entirely possible to add a back door into an end-to-end cryptosystem without threatening the security or privacy of its legitimate users.
Since 2017, when Microsoft announced its Teams group-chat service would replace Skype for Business Online, customers have been asking about the cut-over deadline. Microsoft officials finally shared that date today. Skype for Business Online will be “retired” on July 31, 2021, officials said.
The nation's four biggest broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, Comcast NBCUniversal and Fox) have filed suit (pdf) against a streaming video nonprofit they say is "illegally using broadcaster content." New York based Locast offers viewers access to over the air broadcasts via the internet to roughly 13 cities (about 31% of the US market). Its website notes the operation is funded by donations and that access to this content (again, already accessible for free via an antenna) should be a consumer "right" given that US consumers technically own the airwaves these programs are broadcast over.
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Aereo, you may recall, attempted to set up a bunch of cumbersome micro-TV antennas which it could then use to stream broadcast TV to paying subscribers. The company's technical approach was intentionally designed to be arguably ridiculous in a bid to comply with the law and a number of historically just as ridiculous copyright case rulings. The Supreme Court ultimately demolished Aereo with a dubious ruling that made numerous assumptions and provided zero guidance for companies who wanted to enter the space but comply with the law.
Enter Locast. The company was developed by former FCC lawyer and media executive David Goodfriend, who, we noted previously, designed the service entirely from the ground up in a bid to try and comply with (and test the logic of) the current legal minefield. It's funded in part by AT&T and Dish Networks.
The holder of a standard essential patent (SEP) should first notify the alleged infringer of the SEP, following which the alleged infringer should inform the patent holder of its willingness to take a licence. Then, said licence needs to be offered on FRAND terms.
These steps are guidelines for good faith negotiations between the parties. The term non-discriminatory does not mean that licence conditions should be standard; it may be that specific circumstances necessitate different licence conditions.
Regarding the PTAB, the Court held that the Board correctly construed the DAI score limitation based on the express definition in the specification, using either the broadest reasonable interpretation test or the Phillips v. AWH test. This conclusion was also supported by the patentee conceding that the DAI score was "ordinarily understood" to be the sum of four subscores. In addition, the opinion notes that in patentee's specification, "when the DAI score was identified as being the sum of only two subscores [in the '688 specification] it was called a 'revised Sutherland Disease Activity Index' which is not a term used in the claims." (This raises the possibility that Dr. Falk could file a narrowing reissue to amend the claims for validity, but the PTO might correctly determine that such an amendment would be broadening rather than narrowing.)
Turning to the "without food" limitation, the Federal Circuit disagreed with Dr. Falk's contention that in this case the PTAB had changed the basis for its obviousness determination from institution to final written decision, contrary to SAS Institute, Inc. v. ComplementSoft, LLC, 825 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2016). Here, the Court explained that what was prohibited was failing to give a patentee the opportunity to address the "new" grounds for the Board's decision. This was not the case here, in the Federal Circuit's opinion, because Dr. Falk (in the Court's view) had sufficient notice and opportunity and did in fact address the question of whether drug administration without a "food effect" was recognized in the prior art (where the food effect is "that taking the formulation without food is preferable to taking it with food"). The panel also held that the skilled worker had a reasonable expectation of success of achieving the invention set forth in the claims (requiring that the patient not take food) even without the art teaching this feature (typically by containing a "food effect" study), based on "other rationales" for avoiding food, not specified in the opinion.
Finally, the Court also affirmed the PTAB conclusion that, despite there being an affirmative limitation that administration occur "without food" the art did not need a food study to establish this effect because the specification taught that the formulation could be administered with or without food, and that the Board correctly did not find its obviousness conclusion contradicted by the asserted secondary considerations.
This outcome shows that even under circumstances where the district court conducts a trial on infringement under 35 U.S.C. ۤ 271(e)(2), an ANDA defendant can benefit by moving its invalidity case to the PTAB and avoid the cost of putting on affirmative defenses and counterclaims before a lay judge not having the PTAB's purported expertise (or apparent anti-patent bias).
In a judgment issued yesterday, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) dismissed Red Bull’s appeal against the EU General Court’s decision [here], which had upheld the EUIPO’s First Board of Appeal’s finding that the Red Bull’s colour combination marks would be invalid.
On 29 May 2013, the intervener, AC Milan, obtained an international trade mark, registration (No 1182615) extending to the European Union for, amongst other things, Class 43 services ('providing food and drink; temporary accommodation; cafés; cafeterias; tourist homes; restaurants; self-service restaurants; hotels; bar services; food and drink catering; motels; snack-bars.')
To paraphrase Oasis (badly): Norwich Pharmacal Orders - familiar to thousands. In the consolidated claims of Mircom International Content Management & Consulting Ltd and Ors and Golden Eye International Ltd and Ors v Virgin Media Limited and Persons Unknown [2019] EWHC 1827 (Ch), Mr Recorder Douglas Campbell QC (sitting as a High Court judge) got to grips with an application to compel Virgin Media to disclose the personal details of tens of thousands of its residential broadband subscribers that correspond to IP addresses identified by the Applicants as having downloaded (without permission) copyright films of an adult nature (whose titles were archly described by the learned judge as "leav[ing] little to the imagination").
Golden Eye is not new to this arena; it succeeded in a 2012 action against Telefónica/O2 (first instance judgment here and appeal here). The Applicants essentially argued that the 2012 decisions should be cloned in the present case.
To recap, the O2 claim was decided in the same way as any other Norwich Pharmacal action, for which the requirements are: (i) a good arguable case that wrongs have been committed against the Applicant; (ii) the Respondent to the application is mixed up in those wrongs; (iii) the Applicant is intending to seek redress for the wrongs; (iv) disclosure of the information sought is necessary for the Applicant to pursue the redress; (v) it is necessary and proportionate to grant the order / the court should exercise its discretion in favour of granting the relief sought. Regarding proportionality, Virgin Media sought to rely on the Supreme Court's judgment in Rugby Football Union v Viagogo [2012] UKSC 55 and in particular an apparent distinction drawn between the RFU's righteous quest to promote the sport of rugby by maintaining ticket prices at a reasonable level on the one hand, and a shakedown of unauthorised viewers of pornography on the other. This argument did not impress Mr Campbell, given that (a) the Supreme Court expressly approved Mr Justice Arnold's (as he then was) test for proportionality in O2; and (b) the appeal in O2 was decided (in favour of the Claimants) after the Supreme Court's judgment. The Supreme Court's comments in Viagogo merely suggested that Viagogo was a more attractive case on the facts than O2, but a Norwich Pharmacal order was still granted in O2.
Based on Goldsmith’s photograph, Andy Warhol not only created the requested illustration, but also developed the entire Prince Series, comprised of sixteen distinct works: silkscreen paintings, screen prints and drawings.
After Warhol’s death in 1987, the Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts (AWF) obtained ownership of the Prince Series. Since then, it has auctioned, sold, donated and displayed this artwork in various museums, galleries, books, magazines, and promotional materials.
Prince died on 21 April 2016. The next day, Vanity Fair published an online copy of its 1984 article “Purple Fame” followed by a commemorative magazine issue entitled “The Genius of Prince”. It was then that Goldsmith first learned of the Prince Series and it did not go down well with her. After being contacted by the disgruntled photographer, AWF sought a declaratory judgement declaring that Warhol’s illustration did not constitute a violation of the US Copyright Act. In response, Goldsmith filed a counterclaim claiming that Warhol’s works constituted copyright infringement.
The CJEU delivered three copyright judgments this week covering issues ranging from song sampling to press publishers’ rights. Managing IP speaks to lawyers to analyse the rulings’ impact
Judgments centring on the 2001 EU Copyright Directive are likely to throw up more questions than answers, lawyers say in reaction to a busy day of CJEU decisions.
